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[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3888 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>

118th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 3888

 To mandate the use of artificial intelligence by Federal agencies to 
           adapt to extreme weather, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             March 6, 2024

    Mr. Schatz (for himself, Mr. Lujan, Ms. Butler, and Mr. Welch) 
introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the 
           Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
 To mandate the use of artificial intelligence by Federal agencies to 
           adapt to extreme weather, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Transformational 
Artificial intelligence to Modernize the Economy against Extreme 
Weather Act'' or the ``TAME Extreme Weather Act''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
Sec. 3. Purpose.
   TITLE I--MATTERS RELATING TO THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC 
                             ADMINISTRATION

Sec. 101. Definitions.
Sec. 102. Earth system reanalysis.
Sec. 103. Advanced artificial intelligence applications for weather.
Sec. 104. Technical assistance on use of artificial intelligence 
                            weather models.
Sec. 105. Fire combustion modeling program.
Sec. 106. Emissions monitoring and analysis program.
Sec. 107. Partnerships for transformational innovation.
Sec. 108. Retention of Federal Government expertise.
Sec. 109. National security.
      TITLE II--MATTERS RELATING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Sec. 201. Deforestation and illegal wood products.
        TITLE III--MATTERS RELATING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Sec. 301. Secretary defined.
Sec. 302. Grid and transmission optimization.
Sec. 303. Preparation of environmental review documents.
               TITLE IV--AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

Sec. 401. Authorization of appropriations.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Artificial intelligence.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``artificial 
                intelligence'' means a machine-based system that can, 
                for a given set of human-defined objectives, make 
                predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing 
                real or virtual environments, including by using 
                machine-based and human-based inputs--
                            (i) to abstract those perceptions into 
                        models through analysis in an automated manner; 
                        and
                            (ii) to use model inferences to formulate 
                        options for information or action.
                    (B) Inclusions.--The term ``artificial 
                intelligence'' includes machine learning, neural 
                networks, and natural language processing.
            (2) Curate.--The term ``curate'' means to collect and 
        maintain a dataset--
                    (A) to ensure its quality;
                    (B) to provide metadata on its provenance; and
                    (C) to update the dataset periodically, as 
                practicable.
            (3) Open license.--The term ``open license'' has the 
        meaning given that term in section 3502(21) of title 44, United 
        States Code.
            (4) Training dataset.--The term ``training dataset'' means 
        a dataset used to train an artificial intelligence.

SEC. 3. PURPOSE.

    The purpose of this Act is to mandate the use of artificial 
intelligence by Federal agencies to adapt to extreme weather by--
            (1) improving weather forecasts;
            (2) increasing the resilience of electrical grids and 
        transmission;
            (3) strengthening analytic capacity to guide where to 
        deploy resources to respond to and mitigate harm from extreme 
        weather; and
            (4) strengthening public-private partnerships in highly 
        technical, high-risk, and high-reward fields.

   TITLE I--MATTERS RELATING TO THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC 
                             ADMINISTRATION

SEC. 101. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
        Administration.
            (2) Artificial intelligence weather model.--The term 
        ``artificial intelligence weather model'' means a weather model 
        based primarily on artificial intelligence technology to 
        project future Earth system conditions based on machine 
        learning from an Earth system reanalysis dataset.
            (3) Earth system reanalysis dataset.--The term ``Earth 
        system reanalysis dataset'' means a dataset that contains 
        continuous global observational data and synthetic data for 
        Earth system variables relevant to weather forecasting.
            (4) Environmental information services working group.--The 
        term ``Environmental Information Services Working Group'' means 
        the Environmental Information Services Working Group 
        established under section 401 of the Weather Research and 
        Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 (15 U.S.C. 8541), or any 
        similar successor working group.
            (5) Numerical weather model.--The term ``numerical weather 
        model'' means a weather model based primarily on atmospheric 
        physics and that uses numerical computation to forecast future 
        Earth system conditions.
            (6) Observational data.--The term ``observational data'' 
        means data from actual observations of environmental 
        conditions.
            (7) Reforecast analysis.--The term ``reforecast analysis'' 
        means the assessment of a numerical weather model or artificial 
        intelligence weather model by comparing model output and 
        observational data over a period of time in the past.
            (8) Synthetic data.--The term ``synthetic data'' means data 
        produced from a model or statistical method in order to fill 
        gaps in observational data.

SEC. 102. EARTH SYSTEM REANALYSIS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than two years after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, in consultation with 
the Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration, the Director of the National Science 
Foundation, the Director of the National Center for Atmospheric 
Research, the Environmental Information Services Working Group, and 
such other technical experts as the Administrator considers 
appropriate, develop and curate an Earth system reanalysis dataset that 
creates a long-term record of past weather in support of--
            (1) furthering the understanding of weather;
            (2) advancing the science of weather forecasting, including 
        seasonal and subseasonal forecasting; and
            (3) developing artificial intelligence weather forecasting 
        applications.
    (b) Use of Existing Datasets.--In order to speed the development of 
the Earth system reanalysis dataset required under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall assess, and to the greatest extent practicable 
build on, existing Earth system reanalysis datasets of the Federal 
Government.
    (c) Artificial Intelligence Weather Model.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out this section, the 
        Administrator, in consultation with the Environmental 
        Information Services Working Group, may develop and test a 
        national weather model based on artificial intelligence 
        technologies.
            (2) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, and not less frequently than annually 
        thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on 
        Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
        Representatives a report on the activities conducted under 
        paragraph (1).
    (d) Cooperative Institutes and Contracting Authority.--In carrying 
out this section, subject to the availability of appropriations, the 
Administrator may competitively award contracts, increase the scope of 
existing cooperative institutes of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration, or competitively award a new cooperative institute.
    (e) Public Access.--Subject to section 109, the Administrator shall 
make available to the public, at no cost and with no restrictions on 
copying, publishing, distributing, citing, adapting, or otherwise using 
under an open license, the Earth system reanalysis dataset developed 
under subsection (a) and the code for the artificial intelligence 
weather model developed under subsection (c).
    (f) Environmental Impact.--The Administrator shall develop and 
disseminate best practices to minimize environmental impacts from the 
use of artificial intelligence technology to carry out this section.
    (g) Continued Support for Observations, Basic Research, and 
Numerical Weather Models.--Notwithstanding the requirements of this 
section, the Administrator shall continue to support and advance the 
activities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration--
            (1) to collect and acquire observational data relevant for 
        artificial intelligence and numerical weather forecasting;
            (2) to advance research on the Earth system and numerical 
        weather forecasting;
            (3) to develop and advance numerical weather modeling;
            (4) to identify and acquire novel observational data shown 
        to improve artificial intelligence and numerical weather 
        forecasting; and
            (5) to improve data assimilation techniques.

SEC. 103. ADVANCED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS FOR WEATHER.

    The Administrator shall explore advanced applications of artificial 
intelligence to improve weather forecasts, such as by--
            (1) improving data assimilation;
            (2) accounting for Earth system processes that cause model 
        areas, such as cloud cover, ocean eddies, and photosynthesis; 
        and
            (3) using artificial intelligence weather models to quickly 
        emulate running numerical weather models to assess and improve 
        the confidence in and reliability of weather forecasts.

SEC. 104. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ON USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 
              WEATHER MODELS.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall regularly inventory and 
assess major non-Federal Government artificial intelligence weather 
models in order to provide--
            (1) technical assistance on using such models;
            (2) best practices on providing forecasts based on outputs 
        from both artificial intelligence weather models and numerical 
        weather models; and
            (3) support for emergency managers to make operational 
        decisions based on outputs from both artificial intelligence 
        weather models and numerical weather models.
    (b) Reforecast Analysis.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall support the 
        development of a common framework for the assessment of 
        numerical weather models and artificial intelligence weather 
        models through reforecast analysis and such other methodologies 
        as the Administrator considers appropriate.
            (2) Best practices.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
        Administrator may develop and disseminate best practices in 
        collaboration with--
                    (A) the National Institute for Standards and 
                Technology, the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration, the National Science Foundation, and 
                the Department of Energy;
                    (B) academic and research institutions; and
                    (C) the private sector.
            (3) Public availability of dataset.--
                    (A) In general.--The Administrator may make 
                available to the public, as the Administrator 
                determines appropriate and subject to section 109, at 
                no cost and with no restrictions on copying, 
                publishing, distributing, citing, adapting, or 
                otherwise using under an open license, any reforecast 
                dataset developed under this subsection.
                    (B) Determination.--In determining whether to make 
                a reforecast dataset public under subparagraph (A), the 
                Administrator shall consider factors such as--
                            (i) the difficulty of replicating the 
                        reforecast dataset; and
                            (ii) the utility of the reforecast dataset 
                        to non-Federal partners of the National Oceanic 
                        and Atmospheric Administration.
            (4) Report on use of analysis to improve models.--Not later 
        than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
        Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, 
        Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
        Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
        a report on the feasibility of using reforecast analysis 
        techniques to improve seasonal and subseasonal models.
    (c) Warning Coordination Meteorologists and Regional Forecast 
Offices.--In carrying out this section, the Administrator shall provide 
technical assistance, best practices, and support required under 
subsection (a) through the warning coordination meteorologists and 
weather forecast offices of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration.
    (d) Independent Study on the Impacts of Artificial Intelligence 
Weather Models.--The Administrator may enter into an agreement with the 
National Academy of Sciences to assess the impacts of artificial 
intelligence weather models on the weather enterprise and make 
recommendations to improve the integration of such models in 
operational forecasting.

SEC. 105. FIRE COMBUSTION MODELING PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the 
Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, the 
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the 
Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National Science Foundation, 
the Director of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the 
Environmental Information Services Working Group, and such other 
technical experts as the Administrator considers appropriate, shall 
develop a program to use artificial intelligence to analyze available 
data on the built and natural environments in order to--
            (1) warn and protect at-risk communities, firefighters, and 
        other responders;
            (2) detect wildfires as early as possible; and
            (3) forecast wildfire propagation and combustion risks 
        based on an analysis of the availability of combustible 
        materials in the built and natural environments.
    (b) Training Dataset.--In carrying out this section, the 
Administrator shall gather observational data and synthetic data on the 
built and natural environments collected across the Federal Government 
to develop and curate a related training dataset for purposes of 
training the artificial intelligence technology used in furtherance of 
this section.
    (c) Data Acquisition.--In carrying out this section, the 
Administrator may contract to acquire relevant data.
    (d) Weather Integration.--In carrying out this section, the 
Administrator shall integrate outputs from weather and other 
environmental models and data.
    (e) Environmental Impact.--The Administrator shall develop and 
disseminate best practices to minimize environmental impacts from the 
use of artificial intelligence technology to carry out this section.
    (f) Public Access.--Subject to section 109, the Administrator shall 
make available to the public, at no-cost and with no restrictions on 
copying, publishing, distributing, citing, adapting, or otherwise using 
under an open license, the code for the artificial intelligence used 
under subsection (a) and the training dataset developed under 
subsection (b).

SEC. 106. EMISSIONS MONITORING AND ANALYSIS PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the 
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Administrator 
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Secretary of 
Energy, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Director 
of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the Environmental 
Information Services Working Group, and such other technical experts as 
the Administrator considers appropriate, shall develop a program to use 
artificial intelligence to analyze global atmospheric observations in 
order to--
            (1) improve atmospheric dispersion models;
            (2) detect leaks from fuel transmission infrastructure;
            (3) detect, monitor, and track smoke and other emissions 
        from wildfires;
            (4) identify significant changes in global greenhouse gas 
        emissions;
            (5) infer the geographical and production sources of 
        emissions; and
            (6) support the enforcement of applicable domestic and 
        international laws.
    (b) Law Enforcement.--The Administrator shall collaborate with 
Federal, international, State, local, and Tribal law enforcement 
entities to ensure the program developed under subsection (a) delivers 
outputs that support law enforcement activities.
    (c) Training Dataset.--In carrying out this section, the 
Administrator shall gather observational data and synthetic data on the 
atmosphere and its chemical components collected across the Federal 
Government to develop, curate, and regularly update a global 
atmospheric chemistry training dataset for purposes of training the 
artificial intelligence technology used in furtherance of this section.
    (d) Data Acquisition.--In carrying out this section, the 
Administrator--
            (1) shall seek to negotiate with foreign governments for 
        access to relevant data; and
            (2) may contract to acquire relevant data.
    (e) Environmental Impact.--The Administrator shall develop and 
disseminate best practices to minimize environmental impacts from the 
use of artificial intelligence technology to carry out this section.
    (f) Public Access.--Subject to section 109, the Administrator shall 
make available to the public, at no-cost and with no restrictions on 
copying, publishing, distributing, citing, adapting, or otherwise using 
under an open license, the code for the artificial intelligence used 
under subsection (a) and the training dataset developed under 
subsection (c).

SEC. 107. PARTNERSHIPS FOR TRANSFORMATIONAL INNOVATION.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall explore novel structures 
for partnerships with private entities and academic entities for 
transformative innovation in weather forecasting and other 
environmental forecasts in order to--
            (1) further the understanding of weather;
            (2) advance the science of weather forecasting, including 
        seasonal and subseasonal forecasting; and
            (3) develop artificial intelligence weather forecasting 
        applications.
    (b) Co-Investment.--In carrying out this section, subject to 
applicable law, the Administrator shall consider and adopt novel co-
investment strategies with the private sector and academic sector, 
including--
            (1) non-Federal Government contributions to resource and 
        support high-risk, high-return research and development in 
        environmental forecasting, data science, artificial 
        intelligence, and related fields;
            (2) shared rights to intellectual property from research 
        and development activities under this section; and
            (3) other approaches to sharing resources and results under 
        this section.

SEC. 108. RETENTION OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT EXPERTISE.

    Subject to applicable law, the Administrator shall consider methods 
to recruit and retain expert personnel to support activities under this 
title, including methods to be competitive with salaries outside the 
Federal Government.

SEC. 109. NATIONAL SECURITY.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, 
the Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, as 
appropriate, may withhold any model, code, or data developed or used 
under this title if the Administrator determines doing so to be 
necessary to protect the national security interests of the United 
States.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this title shall be construed 
to supersede any other provision of law governing the protection of the 
national security interests of the United States.

      TITLE II--MATTERS RELATING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SEC. 201. DEFORESTATION AND ILLEGAL WOOD PRODUCTS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section 
as the ``Secretary''), acting through the Administrator of the Animal 
and Plant Health Inspection Service, shall develop a program (referred 
to in this section as the ``program'') to use artificial intelligence 
to analyze available environmental, commercial, law enforcement, and 
related data--
            (1) to expand and improve global observations of forested 
        lands;
            (2) to detect changes in the amount of forested lands 
        globally;
            (3) to infer the causes of the changes described in 
        paragraph (2);
            (4) to analyze past patterns in the movement of illegal 
        wood products;
            (5) to predict future movements of illegal wood products;
            (6) to support the efficient deployment of international 
        and domestic law enforcement assets to prevent the movement of 
        illegal wood products;
            (7) to analyze how the movement of illegal wood products is 
        affected by the deployment of law enforcement assets described 
        in paragraph (6); and
            (8) to accomplish other related purposes.
    (b) Best Practices.--The Secretary shall develop and disseminate 
best practices for minimizing the environmental impacts of the use of 
artificial intelligence technology under this section.
    (c) Training Dataset.--In carrying out the program, the Secretary, 
acting through the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health 
Inspection Service, shall collect and curate a training dataset, which 
shall source from--
            (1) the domestic and foreign intelligence communities;
            (2) satellite imagery;
            (3) acoustic monitoring of forest habitats;
            (4) data from Federal law enforcement agencies;
            (5) to the extent practicable, foreign governments; and
            (6) other relevant data, as determined by the Secretary.
    (d) Contracts for Additional Data.--Subject to the availability of 
appropriations, the Secretary may enter into contracts to acquire 
additional relevant data to carry out the program.
    (e) International Agreements.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall seek to enter into 
        agreements with foreign governments to share relevant data and 
        artificial intelligence analysis for enforcing international 
        and domestic laws prohibiting the trade of illegal wood 
        products.
            (2) Technical assistance.--The Secretary may provide 
        technical assistance to a foreign government with which the 
        Secretary has an agreement under paragraph (1) to increase the 
        capacity of the foreign government to participate in 
        intelligence sharing and law enforcement activities relating to 
        the trade of illegal wood products.

        TITLE III--MATTERS RELATING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

SEC. 301. SECRETARY DEFINED.

    In this title, the term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
Energy.

SEC. 302. GRID AND TRANSMISSION OPTIMIZATION.

    (a) Establishment of Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
        Chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, shall 
        establish a program (referred to in this section as the 
        ``program'') to use artificial intelligence to optimize energy 
        grids and transmission--
                    (A) to minimize the loss of electrical energy;
                    (B) to stabilize energy flows to minimize power 
                outages and power surges;
                    (C) to compensate for variability in energy 
                production;
                    (D) to maximize the efficient use of new energy 
                sources; and
                    (E) to account for other factors, as appropriate.
            (2) Deadline.--The program shall be established not later 
        than 1 year after the later of--
                    (A) the date on which the report required under 
                section 5.2(g)(i) of Executive Order 14110 (88 Fed. 
                Reg. 75191; relating to safe, secure, and trustworthy 
                development and use of artificial intelligence) is 
                issued; and
                    (B) the date of enactment of this Act.
    (b) Training Dataset.--In establishing and carrying out the 
program, the Secretary shall collect data on electrical production, 
transmission, use, and other factors, as appropriate, to gather and 
curate a regularly updated dataset for purposes of training artificial 
intelligence technology used in furtherance of the program.
    (c) Data Acquisition.--The Secretary may contract to acquire 
relevant data for purposes of this section.
    (d) Public Access.--Subject to subsection (e), the Secretary shall 
make available to the public, at no cost and with no restrictions on 
copying, publishing, distributing, citing, adapting, or otherwise using 
under an open license--
            (1) the code for any artificial intelligence developed in 
        furtherance of the program; and
            (2) the training dataset curated under subsection (b).
    (e) National Security.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        this section, the Secretary may withhold any model, code, or 
        data from disclosure under subsection (d) or any other law if 
        the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, 
        as appropriate, determines that withholding the model, code, or 
        data is necessary to protect--
                    (A) the national security interests of the United 
                States; or
                    (B) the security of the electrical grids or 
                transmission systems of the United States.
            (2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section 
        supersedes any other provision of law governing the protection 
        of the national security interests of the United States.

SEC. 303. PREPARATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW DOCUMENTS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) National academies.--The term ``National Academies'' 
        means the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 
        Medicine.
            (2) NEPA; impacts; major federal action.--The terms 
        ``NEPA'', ``impacts'', and ``major Federal action'' have the 
        meanings given those terms in section 1508.1 of title 40, Code 
        of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment 
        of this Act).
    (b) Establishment of Program.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a program 
(referred to in this section as the ``program'')--
            (1) to use artificial intelligence, including large 
        language models, to assist in the preparation of documents to 
        comply with NEPA;
            (2) to provide ready access to publicly filed NEPA 
        compliance documents to further support the development of 
        documents to comply with NEPA; and
            (3) to assess the reliability of outputs from the 
        artificial intelligence used under paragraph (1), including the 
        viability of using those outputs to support compliance with 
        NEPA.
    (c) Best Practices.--The Secretary shall develop and disseminate 
best practices for minimizing the environmental impacts of the use of 
artificial intelligence technology under this section.
    (d) Training Dataset.--
            (1) In general.--In establishing and carrying out the 
        program, the Secretary shall gather and curate a training 
        dataset of publicly filed NEPA compliance documents relating 
        to--
                    (A) the mission of the Department of Energy; and
                    (B) any related statutory authorities.
            (2) Incorporation of metadata.--The training dataset 
        described in paragraph (1) may incorporate metadata, as 
        appropriate to aid in carrying out subsection (f).
    (e) Implementation and Scope.--In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary--
            (1) shall adopt an incremental approach, with utilization 
        by a limited number of participants and careful assessment, to 
        ensure--
                    (A) the viability of the artificial intelligence 
                technology used for purposes of the program; and
                    (B) compliance with all applicable environmental 
                statutes, rules, regulations, and international laws; 
                and
            (2) may broaden the scope of the program to include the 
        application of artificial intelligence technology to assist 
        with the preparation of other environmental compliance 
        documents, subject to all applicable environmental statutes, 
        rules, regulations, and international laws.
    (f) Public Access.--The Secretary shall make available to the 
public, at no cost and with no restrictions on copying, publishing, 
distributing, citing, adapting, or otherwise using under an open 
license--
            (1) the code for any artificial intelligence developed in 
        furtherance of the program;
            (2) the training dataset curated under subsection (d); and
            (3) the particular NEPA documents used in the training 
        dataset curated under subsection (d), which shall be 
        searchable, at a minimum, by--
                    (A) project name;
                    (B) geography;
                    (C) keywords;
                    (D) type of major Federal action; and
                    (E) other parameters, as appropriate or convenient.
    (g) Program Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date on 
        which the program is established, the Secretary shall enter 
        into a contract with the National Academies to assess--
                    (A) the program, including a comparison of the 
                efficacy, accuracy, and speed of preparing comparable 
                documents using the artificial intelligence described 
                in subsection (b) and traditional methods;
                    (B) the training dataset curated under subsection 
                (d); and
                    (C) any artificial intelligence developed in 
                furtherance of the program.
            (2) Requirements.--In carrying out the assessment under 
        paragraph (1), the National Academies shall consider--
                    (A) the legal viability of the NEPA compliance 
                documents prepared using--
                            (i) an artificial intelligence developed 
                        under this section; or
                            (ii) the training dataset curated under 
                        subsection (d); and
                    (B) the capacity of the program--
                            (i) to take into account the unique 
                        cultural concerns regarding impacts to specific 
                        sites and communities from a major Federal 
                        action; and
                            (ii) to avoid bias arising from the 
                        limitations of the training dataset.
            (3) Recommendations.--In carrying out the assessment under 
        paragraph (1), the National Academies shall issue 
        recommendations on how the Secretary may improve--
                    (A) the artificial intelligence; and
                    (B) the curation of the training dataset under 
                subsection (d).
    (h) Savings Provision.--Nothing in this section shall--
            (1) limit or modify any applicable environmental law; or
            (2) affect compliance of applications for permits and other 
        permissions with all applicable statutes, rules, regulations, 
        and international laws.

               TITLE IV--AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

SEC. 401. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary 
to carry out this Act.
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