Affirmed and Memorandum Opinion filed March 27, 2012.

In The

Fourteenth Court of Appeals 

NO. 14-10-00711-CR

NO. 14-10-00712-CR

LAURA PINEDA, Appellant

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

On Appeal from the 178th District Court

Harris County, Texas

Trial Court Cause Nos. 1173982 & 1173983

M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N

Appellant Laura Pineda was convicted in two separate cases of causing serious 

bodily injury to a child and endangering a child. She was sentenced respectively to ten 

years’ and two years’ confinement in the Institutional Division of the Texas Department 

of Criminal Justice, and her sentences were to run concurrently. On appeal, she argues 
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that the trial court erred in allowing J.P., a child, to testify via closed-circuit television, 

and in admitting testimony about an outcry statement made by J.P. We affirm.

I

On June 9, 2007, Angel Sanchez Ponce drove from his construction jobsite in 

Louisiana to Pineda’s house in Texas. He planned on picking up J.P. and S.S., two 

children, for a visit. J.P. was Pineda’s eight-year-old son; S.S. was Pineda’s three-yearold daughter. Ponce is unrelated to J.P., but he is S.S.’s father. Ponce arrived sometime 

after 9 that evening. He was drunk. Pineda was sleeping when he arrived, but he woke 

her up and asked to take the children. Without asking where Ponce intended to go with 

the children, how she could reach him, or when he would return, Pineda allowed Ponce to 

leave with the children.

By this point, Ponce had consumed more than twenty beers. He took the children 

to a hotel and ordered a pizza. When S.S. drank from one of Ponce’s beers, he punished 

her by ordering her to disrobe from the waist down and lay on one of the hotel beds. He 

then sodomized and raped her while J.P. sat about three feet away. S.S. screamed out in 

pain; Ponce slapped her and told her to be quiet. Ponce panicked when he saw that S.S. 

was bleeding heavily, and he tried to clean up the blood with the hotel’s towels.

Ponce then put the children in his car and drunkenly drove around Houston for 

hours, looking for a hospital. Eventually, Ponce was arrested and S.S. was taken to Texas 

Children’s Hospital. J.P. was taken into the custody of the Texas Department of Family 

Protective Services, Child Protection Services Division. Ponce admitted to raping and 

sodomizing S.S., and he confessed to sodomizing J.P. in 2005.

Because she allowed J.P. and S.S. to be in Ponce’s care, Pineda was indicted for 

(1) causing serious bodily injury to S.S. intentionally and knowingly by omission, and (2) 

putting J.P. in imminent danger of bodily injury. On the State’s motion, the two causes 

were consolidated. 
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II

We review the trial court’s admission of evidence using an abuse-of-discretion 

standard. See Apolinar v. State, 155 S.W.3d 184, 186 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005); Nickerson 

v. State, 312 S.W.3d 250, 255 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, pet. ref’d). While 

a trial court has substantial discretion, it can abuse its discretion if its rulings are outside 

of “that zone within which reasonable persons might disagree.” Nickerson, 312 S.W.3d at 

255. A trial court’s ruling on the admissibility of evidence will be upheld if the record 

reasonably supports the ruling. Id.

Pineda first complains that the trial court’s decision to allow J.P. to testify via a 

closed-circuit system violated her Sixth Amendment right to confrontation. In Maryland 

v. Craig, the U.S. Supreme Court held that a defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to faceto-face confrontation can give way to the State’s interest in protecting the welfare of 

children. 497 U.S. 836, 853 (1990). If the State “makes an adequate showing of necessity, 

the state interest in protecting child witnesses from the trauma of testifying . . . is 

sufficiently important to justify the use of a special procedure that permits a child witness

. . . to testify at trial against the defendant in the absence of face-to-face confrontation 

with the defendant.” Id. at 855.

The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has interpreted Craig to mean that before a 

trial court is allowed to utilize a closed-circuit system of transmitting a child’s testimony 

into the courtroom, the court must hear evidence and make a case-specific determination 

that: (1) the procedure is necessary to protect the welfare of the child witness; (2) the 

child witness would be traumatized, not by the courtroom generally, but by the presence 

of the defendant; and (3) the emotional distress suffered by the child in the presence of 

the defendant is more than mere nervousness, excitement, or some reluctance to testify. 

Hightower v. State, 822 S.W.2d 48, 51 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991). If the trial court makes 

these findings, then the Confrontation Clause does not prohibit the use of a child’s 

testimony via a closed-circuit system. Id.
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The trial court held a hearing under article 38.071 of the Texas Code of Criminal 

Procedure to determine whether it would be appropriate to allow J.P. to testify via a 

closed-circuit system. During that hearing, J.P.’s therapist testified that, on top of normal 

nervousness related to testifying, J.P. was especially nervous about seeing Pineda. She 

testified that, when she asked J.P. how he would feel if he saw Pineda, J.P. “turned white 

and he just shut down.” J.P’s adoptive mother also testified at the hearing. She testified 

that J.P. had not seen Pineda in nearly two years and that, though J.P. is normally happy, 

he becomes “very withdrawn and introverted, upset, [and] sad” when he talks about 

Pineda.

In light of this testimony, we do not believe the trial court abused its discretion in 

its implicit findings that (1) allowing J.P. to testify via a closed-circuit system was 

necessary to protect his welfare; (2) J.P. would be traumatized by Pineda’s presence, not 

the courtroom generally; and (3) the distress suffered by J.P. in Pineda’s presence would 

be more than mere nervousness, excitement, or some reluctance to testify. See Hightower,

822 S.W.2d at 51. We overrule Pineda’s first issue.

III

Next, we turn to Pineda’s argument that the trial court erred by allowing three 

witnesses to testify regarding J.P.’s alleged outcry statement regarding Ponce’s abuse of 

S.S. In cases alleging aggravated sexual assault of a child, an outcry witness’s hearsay 

testimony about a child’s statement is admissible if: (1) the statement describes the 

alleged offense; (2) the statement was made by the child against whom the charged 

offense was allegedly committed; (3) the witness is the first person, eighteen years of age 

or older, other than the defendant, to whom the child made the statement; (4) the party 

intending to offer the statement provides written notice of that intention—along with a 

summary of the statement and the name of the witness—at least fourteen days before the 

proceeding begins; (5) the trial court finds, in a hearing outside the jury’s presence, that 

the statement is reliable based on the time, content, and circumstances of the statement; 

and (6) the child testifies or is available to testify at the proceeding. Tex. Code Crim.
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Proc. art. 38.072 § 2; Shaw v. State, 329 S.W.3d 645, 652 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th 

Dist.] 2010, pet. ref’d).

If a defendant objects based on hearsay, the State bears the burden of proving 

every element of the statute. Shaw, 329 S.W.3d at 652. When a trial court overrules an 

objection, the appellate court will infer that the State met its burden. Id. When reviewing 

a claim challenging a trial court’s decision to admit evidence for an abuse of discretion, 

we will reverse only when the decision falls outside the zone of reasonable disagreement.

Id. Whether the decision falls within the zone of reasonable disagreement depends upon 

whether any ground exists which, based upon the record, supports the court’s decision. 

State v. Wallett, 31 S.W.3d 329, 331 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2000, no pet.). And, in 

making that determination, we construe the record in a light most favorable to the court’s 

decision. Id. When a court admits evidence over an objection, even in error, it is not 

reversible when the same evidence is subsequently admitted without objection. Zarco v. 

State, 210 S.W.3d 816, 833 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2006, no pet.).

Because Texas law only permits outcry testimony concerning statements “made by 

the child against whom the charged offense . . . was allegedly committed,” the trial court 

committed clear error in cause number 1173982 (endangering S.S. by omission) when it

admitted outcry testimony concerning statements made by J.P. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. 

art. 38.072. Nevertheless, the error was harmless. The admission of inadmissible hearsay 

constitutes non-constitutional error, and it will be considered harmless if a reviewing 

court, after examining the record as a whole, is reasonably assured that the error did not 

influence the jury verdict or had but a slight effect. Chapman v. State, 150 S.W.3d 809, 

814 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2004, pet. ref’d.). In assessing the likelihood that 

the jury’s decision was adversely affected by the error, the appellate court should 

consider everything in the record, including any testimony or physical evidence admitted 

for the jury’s consideration, the nature of the evidence supporting the verdict, the 

character of the alleged error and how it might be considered in connection with other 

evidence in the case. Motilla v. State, 78 S.W.3d 352, 355 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002). 
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Here, Ponce and J.P. both testified that appellant had multiple confrontations with 

Ponce concerning the abuse. Further, J.P. testified—without objection—to the same facts

covered by the improper outcry witnesses. In light of this, we conclude that the 

erroneously admitted testimony had, at most, a slight effect on the jury’s verdict, and we 

overrule Pineda’s second issue. See Chapman, 150 S.W.3d at 814.

* * *

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

/s/ Jeffrey V. Brown

Justice

Panel consists of Justices Brown, Boyce, and McCally.

Do Not Publish — TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).