SUMMARY OF THE 

2003 BUDGET 
United States 

Environmental Protection 

Agency 

Office of the 

Chief Financial Officer 

(2732A) 

Internet Address (UAl) http://www.epa.gov 

EPA-205-S-02-001 

February 2002 

Recycled/Recyclable Printed with Vegetable Oil Based Inks on Recycled Paper (Minimum 50% Postconsumer) 
T ABLE OF CONTENTS 

Page # 

Introduction 

EPA's Mission and Goals ... .... ... ...................................... ................................. iii 

Annual Plan and Budget Overview ........................... ........................................ iv 

Goals 

Goall: Clean Air .................... ... ........ ... .............................. .... ............................... 1-1 

Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water ............................................................................. II- I 

Goal 3: Safe Food ................. ... ........... ........ ........ ...... ... ............ ........................... ll l-I 

Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in 

Communities. Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems ............................ IV- J 

Goa l 5: Better Wasle Management and Restoration of 

Contaminated Waste Sites, and Emergency Response .......................... V- I 

Goa l 6: Reduction of Global and Cross-Border Environmental 

Risks .. ................. ... ...................................................... ... ..... .................. VI-I 

Goal 7: Quality Environmental Infonnation ................. .... ........ ... ..................... VII-I 

Goa l 8: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental 

Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems ... VIII-I 

Goal 9: A Credible Deterrent to Pollution and Greater Compliance 

With the La\v ............................................................. ... ......................... IX-l 

Goal 10: Effective Management ........ ... ....................... .... ...... ... .......................... X-I 

Additional Information 

Homeland Security ................ ......... .... ...... .. ....... .... ...... ...................................... XJ- I 

Categorical Grants Program .... ...................................................... .... ............. ... XII-I 

Infrastructure Financ ing .......... ................................................................. ....... XIII- I 

Trust Funds ...................................................................................................... XIV-I 

Budget Tables ... ............................ ... ....... ...... ..................... ............................... XV-I 
Photographs courtesy of: 

Copyright Digital Vision Ltd Big Cities: Cellfral Park, New York 

Gay Ranes: Sunset, Truman Lake, Clinton, Missollri 

Joe R. Williams: Desert, Scotts Bluff, Arizona 

Chi Vuong: Tulips 

Copyright Digital Vision Ltd American Hilites: Stonington, Maine 

ii 
I EPA's Mission and Goals 

Tlte missioll of tlte EllvirOllmelltal Protectioll Agellcy (EPA) is to protect 

Itumal/ltealtlt alld to safeguard tlte Ilatural eIlviro",Ilelll - air, water, alld lalld -

UpOll wlticlt life depel/ds. 

EPA's Goals 

EPA has developed a series of len 

strategic, long-term Goals in its Strategic 

Plan. These goals, together with the 

underlying principles that will be used to 

achieve them. de fine the Agency's planning, 

budgeting, analysis, and accountability 

process. 

• 

• 

Clean Air: The air In every 

American community will be safe 

and healthy to breathe. In particular, 

children, the e lderly, and people with 

respiratory ailments will be protected 

from health risks of breathing 

polluted air. Reducing air pollution 

will a lso protect the environment, 

resulting in many benefits, such as 

restoring life in damaged ecosystems 

and reducing health risks to those 

whose subsistence depends directly 

on those ecosystems. 

Clean and Safe Water: All 

Americans wi ll have drinking water 

that is clean and safe to drink . 

Effective protection of America's 

rivers. lakes, wetlands, aquifers, and 

coastal and ocean waters will sustain 

fish, plants, and wildli fe, as well as 

rec reational , subsistence, and economi c activities. Watersheds and 

their aquatic ecosystems will be 

restored and protected to improve 

public health, enhance water quality, 

III 

• 

• 

• 

reduce flooding, and provide habitat 

for wildlife. 

Safe Food: The foods Americans 

eat will be free from unsafe pesticide 

residues. Particula r attention will be 

given to protecting subpopulations 

that may be more susceptible to 

adverse effects of pesticides or have 

higher dietary exposures to pesti cide 

residues. These include chi ldren and 

people whose di ets include large 

amounts of noncommercial foods. 

Preventing Pollution and Reducing 

Risk in Communities, Homes, 

Workplaces, and Ecosystems: 

Pollution prevention and risk 

management strategies aimed at 

eliminating, reducing, or minimizing 

emissions and contamination will 

result In cleaner and safer 

environments in whi ch all Americans 

can reside, work, and enjoy life. 

EPA will safeguard ecosystems and 

promote the health of nalUra l 

communities that are integral to the 

qua lity of life in this nation. 

Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated \Vaste 

Sites, and Emergency Response: 

Ame rica's wastes wi ll be stored. 

treated, and disposed of in ways that 

prevent hann to people and the 

natural environment. EPA wi ll 

I 
I 

• 

• 

• 

EPA's Mission and Goals 

work to clean up previously polluted 

sites, restore them to uses 

appropriate for surrounding co~ 

munities, and respond to and prevent 

waste-related or industrial acc idents. 

Reduction of Global and CrossBorder Environmental Risks: The 

United States will lead other nalions 

in successful. multilateral efforts to 

reduce significant risks to human 

health and ecosystems from climate 

change. stratospheric ozone depletion, and other hazards of 

international concern. 

Quality Environmental Information: The public and decision 

makers at all levels will have access 

to information about environmental 

conditions and human health to 

inform decision making and help 

assess the general environmental 

hea lth of communities. The public 

will also have access to educational 

services and infonnation services 

and tools that provide for the reliabl e 

IV 

• 

• 

• 

and secure exchange of qua lity 

environmental infonnation. 

Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental Risk, 

and Greater Inno\'ation to 

Address Environmental Problems: 

EPA will develop and apply the best 

available sCIence for addressing 

current and future environmental 

hazards as well as new approaches 

toward improving environmental 

protection. 

A Credible Deterrent to Pollution 

and Greater Compliance with the 

Law: EPA will ensure full 

compliance with laws intended to 

protect human health and the 

environment. 

Effective Management: EPA will 

ma intain the highest-qua lity standards for environmental leader-ship 

and for effective internal 

management and fiscal responsibility 

by managing for results. 

I 
I Annual Plan and Budget Overview 

The Environmental Protection 

Agency's FY 2003 Annual Plan and Budget 

requests $7.724 billion in disc retionary 

budget authority and supports 17,648 Full 

Time Equi valents (FTE). Resources support 

the Agency's efforts to work with its 

partners toward cleaner air, purer water, and 

better protected land. The Agency' S 

proposal for FY 2003 supports the 

Administration's commitment to setting 

high standards for environmental protection, 

whil e focu sing on results and perfonnance. 

Strong Partnerships and Innovative 

Approaches 

With this Annual Plan and Budget, 

the Administration demonstrates that strong 

partnerships and innovative approaches are 

the way to a healthier, cleaner environment. 

This budget provides critical environmental 

and health protections, with the recognition 

that State, local and Tribal governments 

often have the best solutions for their 

environmenta l challenges. Nearly forty-five 

percent of our proposed budget - 53.46 

billion - consists of grants for states, tribes, 

and other EPA partners. This budget 

supports two 

programs: one 

innovative state grant 

for environmental 111-

fonnation networks and another for state 

enforcement efforts. This budget also 

provides substantial support for the Nation 's 

critical water infrastructure needs with 

$2.062 billion for the Clean Water and 

Drinking Water State Revolving Funds. 

A Commitment to Reform and Results 

Thc Agency is committed to the 

Administration's government-wide, citi zencentered refonn efforts. This Annual Plan 

and Budget represents a strong commitment 

to reduce regulatory burdens and streamline 

v 

Agency operations, so that the Agency's 

focus is on environmental results, rather 

than process. EPA implemented a significant 

management reform by restructuring its 

budget to match the strategic goals and 

objective structure of its strategic plan under 

the' Government Perfonnance and Results 

Act (GPRA). The Agency's own 

management refonn agenda fully supports 

the President's goals for a government that 

is citizen-centered, results-oriented, and 

markel-based. EPA is taking steps to ensure 

that its workforce is efficiently focused on 

deliveri ng environmental results to its 

ultimate customer: the American people. 

Implementation of the President's 

Management Refonn Agenda is primary to 

the Agency's FY 2003 bu:lget request. EPA , 

as we ll as other Federal agencies, was 

provided baseline scores on fi ve 

government-wide initiatives, including: 

Human Capital. E-Governmenl, Competitive 

Sourcing, Financial Perfonnance, and 

Budget and Performance Integration. 

Although widely considered to have scored 

far better than other federal agencies, EPA 

will focus on improvements to the scores, 

and moving towards "green" lights in all 

areas. The Agency's plans for progress in 

these fi ve areas are desc ri bed throughout the 

budget. 

Homeland Security 

The President's FY 2003 Budget 

requests $124 million in new funding for a 

total EPA in vestment of $133.4 million in 

homeland security. These investments 

include: $13.2 million for continued 

operation of the West Coast Environmental 

Response Team and enhancing emergency 

response capabilities: $5 million in grants to 

states to enhance homeland security 

I 
I Annual Plan and Budget Overview 

EPA will provide industry, stales, and 

consumers with the infonnation on 

technology perfonnance they need to make 

infonned decisions by developing 10 testing 

protocols and completing 40 additional 

technology verifications for a cumulati ve 

Environmental Technology Verificalion 

(ETV) program lolal of 230. 

coordination; $ 16.9 million to conduct 

drinking water system vulnerability 

assessments on small to mid-sized systems; 

$ 19 million to mai nta in security contracts 

and continue upgrades at EPA fac ilities as 

initiated by the Emergency Supplemental 

Appropriation Act; $75 million to conduct 

research on better technologies and 

assessments to clean up buildings 

contaminated and biological and chemical 

agents; S3.8 million for specia l agents who 

will provide environmenta l crimes expertise: 

and SO.S million to enhance outreach on the 

Agency's Homeland Security efforts to the 

public. 

Cleaner Air 

Under the Clean Air Act, EPA works 

Maintain health air quality for 44.1 million 

people li ving in monitored areas attaining 

the ozone standard. Cenify that 2 areas of 

the remaining 45 nonattainment areas have 

attained the I-hour NAAQS for ozone, thus 

increasing the number of people living in 

areas wit h healthy air quality by 1.0 million. 

to make the atr clean and healthy to breathe 

by setting standards for ambient air quality, 

toxic air pollutant emissions, new pollution 

sources, and mobile sources. President Bush 

has directed EPA in his Na tional Energy 

Policy to work with the Congress to develop 

legislation that would establish a fl exibility 

market- based approach to significantly cap 

VI 

and reduce emiSSIOns of nitrogen oxides, 

sulfur dioxide, and mercury from power 

generation utilities. Also, as part of the 

implementation of the National Energy 

Policy, EPA will work with States, Tribes, 

and Local agencies to put in place new 

source review programs that are both fairer 

and more e ffective in provide more certainty 

for the regulated communities. 

In FY 2003, EPA will assist States, 

Tribes and local governments in devising 

additional stationary and mobile source 

strategies to redu::e ozone and particulate 

matter, and other pollutants. 

The Agency also will deve lop 

strategies and rules to help States and Tribes 

reduce emissions and exposure to hazardous 

air pollutants, particularly in urban areas, 

and reduce hannful deposition in water 

bodies. A key to achieving the Clean Air 

Goal is $232.6 million included in this 

budget for air grants which go directly to 

States and Tribes. 

Addressing Climate Challge 

This budget request includes $ 129.7 

million to meet the Agency's climate change 

objectives by working with business and 

other sectors to deliver multiple benefits -

from cleaner air to lower energy bills -

while improving overall scientific 

understanding of climate change and its 

potential consequences. The core of EPA 's 

climate change efforts are government! 

industry partnership programs designed to 

Air toxi cs emissions nationwide from 

stationary and mobil e sources combined will 

be reduced by an additional 3% (for a 

cumulative reduction of4oo/o trom the 1993 

level of 6.1 million Ions per yeaL) 

I 
I Annual Plan and Budget Overview I ~----------------~ 

capitalize on the tremendous opportunities 

avai lable to consumers, businesses, and 

organizations to make sound investments in 

efficient equipment and practices. These 

programs remove barriers 10 the 

marketplace, resulting in faster deployment 

of technology into the residential, 

commercial, transportation, and industrial 

sectors of the economy. 

Greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced 

from projected levels by approximately 73.5 

MMTCE per year through EPA partnerships 

with businesses, schools, Siale and local 

governments, and other organi zations 

thereby offsetting growth in greenhouse 

gas emissions above 1990 level by about 

20%. 

Purer Water 

Over the past three decades, ollr 

alion has made significant progress in 

water pollution prevention and cleanup. 

While we have substantially cleaned up 

many of our most polluted waterways, and 

provided safer drinking water for millions of 

U.S. residents, signi fi cant challenges 

remain. This budget request addresses the 

challenge to provide clean and safe water in 

every Ameri can community. 

• Protection from Drinking Water 

Contaminants. The FY2003 request 

strengthens work with the States and 

Tribes to implement new health 

based standards to control for 

microbial contaminants, disinfectants 

and their byproducts, and other 

contaminants. 

92 percent or the population served by the 

community water systems will receive 

drinking water meeting all health based 

standards in effect as of 1994. up rrom 83 

percent in 1994. 

VII 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Drinking Water State Re volvi ng 

Fund. The Drinking Water State 

Revolving Fund (DWSRF) request 

of $850 million will provide 

substant ial funding to States and 

Tribes to upgrade and modernize 

drinking water systems. 

BEACHES Grants. This budge. 

includes $ 10 million for grants to 

states to develop monitoring and 

notification programs for coastal 

recreation waters. This funding 

SUPPOllS the Agency's implementation of the "Beaches 

Environmenta l Assessment and 

Coas.ai Health Ac. of2000." 

New Watershed Investments. The 

FY 2003 request includes an 

1IllUative designed to support 

watershed efforts. The S21 million 

Targeted Wate rshed Program 

recogIll zes States' needs for 

additional support for the range of 

water quality restoration tools, from 

adequate monitoring to effective and 

appropriate standards, TMDL 

development, and to implementation 

of those load limits via point source 

permit requirerrents and nonpoint 

source controls. The Program will 

provide direct grants to watershed 

stakeholders ready to implement 

comprehensive restoration actions. 

Helping States Address Run-off and 

Restore Polluted Waters. The 

President 's FY 2003 Budget 

provides significant resources to 

states to build on successes we have 

achieved in protecting the Nation 's 

waters, by providing States and 
I 

• 

• 

Annual Plan and Budget Overview 

Tribes with grants to 

polluted run-off, protect 

wetlands, and restore 

waterways. 

address 

valuable 

polluted 

Clean Water State Revolving Fund . 

This budget request includes $ 1.212 

billion for States and Tribes for the 

Clean Water State Revolving Fund 

(CWSRF). States receIve 

capitalization grants, which enable 

them to provide low interest loans to 

communities to construct wastewater 

treatment infrastructure and fund 

other projects to enhance water 

qua li ty. This investment allows EPA 

to meet the goa l for the CWSRF to 

provide $2 billion average in annual 

financia l assistance over the longtenn even after Federal assistance 

ends. 

700 projects funded by the Clean Water SRf 

will initiate operations, including400 

projects providing secondary treatment, 

advanced treatment, combined sewer 

overflow correction (Ireatment), and/or stonn 

water treatment. Cumulatively, 8,600 

CWSRF-f'unded projects will have iniliated 

operations since program inception. 

Protecting Human Health along the 

U.S.-Mexico Border. This budget 

includes $75 million for water and 

wastewater projects along the U.S.-

Mexico Border. These resources 

help the Agency address the serious 

environmental and human health 

problems associated with untreated 

A cumulative 900 thousand residents of the 

U.S. -Mexico border area will be protected 

from health risks because of the 

construction of adequate water and 

wastewater sanitation systems since 1994. 

VIII 

and industrial and municipal sewage 

on the U.S.-Mexico border. 

Better Protected Land 

EPA will provide additional site 

assessment funding to 74 new sites, and to 

52 existing sites. resulting in a cumulative 

lotal of 3,350 properties assessed, the 

generation of 21 ,300 jobs, and the 

leveraging of $5 billion in cleanup and 

redevelopment funds since 1995. 

Cleallillg Up Toxic Waste 

• Keeping Superfund Working. This 

budget conti nues a commitment to 

clean up toxic waste sites with $ 1.3 

bill ion for Superfund cleanups. The 

Agency wi ll a lso work to maximi ze 

the participation of responsible 

parties 10 site cleanups while 

promoting fairness 10 the 

enforcement process. This budget 

will continue the dramatic progress 

we have made in cleaning up toxic 

waste sites, while protecting public 

• 

EPA and its partners will complete 40 

Superfund cleanups (construction 

completions). 

hea lth, and returning land to 

productive use. Through September 

200 I, cleanups have been completed 

at 804 sites, and over 6,500 remova l 

actions have been taken. 

Revitalizing Local Economies and 

Creating Jobs Through Brownfic1ds 

Cleanup and Redevelopment. The 

FY 2003 budget request includes 

$200 million for the Brownfields 

program, which is an increase of 

I 
I Annual Plan and Budget Overview 

over $ 100 million above the FY 

2002 request level. The additional 

resources will support the 

redevelopment and revita li zation of 

Brownfields communities by 

providing funding for additional 

assessments at hazardous waste and 

petroleum contaminated properties 

and for state voluntary cleanup 

programs. The Brownfie lds program 

will continue to promote loca l 

cleanup and redevelopment of 

industrial sites, returning abandoned 

land to productive use and bringing 

jobs to blighted areas. 

Strong Science 

The FY 2003 budget supports EPA's 

efforts to further strengthen the role of 

science in decision- making by using sound 

scientific informaln n and analysis to help 

direct policy and establish priorities. The 

Agency will achieve maximum 

environmental and health protections by 

employing the highest qua li ty scientific 

methods, models, tools, and approaches. 

This budget request includes $602 million to 

develop and apply sound science to address 

both current and future environmental 

cha ll enges. The budget request supports a 

balanced research and development program 

designed to address Adm inistration and 

Agency priorities, and meet the challenges 

of the Clean Air Ac t (CAA). the Safc 

Drinking Water Act (SDWA), the Federal 

Insectic ide, Fungicide, and Rodentic ide Act 

(FIFRA), the Food Quality Protection Act 

(FQPA), and other environmental statutes. 

IX 

Broad-Based and Multi-Media 

Approaches 

Integrating EIJ11iro"mentalln[ormut;on 

In FY2003, EPA will continue its 

grant program that provides assistance to the 

States and Tribes to develop and implement 

the Exchange Net\vork. The grant program 

builds on work currently underwa y in 

several states. It assists States and Tribes in 

evaluating their readiness to participate in 

the Exchange Network, enhances the ir 

efforts to complete necessary changes to 

their information management systems to 

fa cilitate Exchange Network participation, 

and supports state information integration 

efforts. The grant program also proposes 

providi ng training and other technical 

assistance programs to assist States and 

Tribes in developing and implementing the 

Exchange Network. 

EPA will maintain and improV\! quality and 

accuracy of EPA's enforcement and 

compliance data to identifY noncompliance and 

focus on human health and environmental 

problems. 

The Central Data Exchange (CDX) 

is the focal point for securel y receiving, 

translating, and forwarding data to EPA's 

data systems - the electroni c reporting 

gateway to the Agency's information 

network. The CDX sa tisfies the 

Goverrunent Paperwork Elimination Act 

mandates by providing the infrastructure 

necessary to implement electronic signature 

and e lectronic filing of EPA required 

reports. In FY2003, the CDX infrastructure, 

a key component of the Exchange Network. 

will service 45 states and an assemblage of 

25,000 facilities, compal1les, and 

I 
I Annual Plan and Budget Overview 

The number of slates using the Central Data 

Exchange will increase to 45 as the means by 

which they submit data. 

laboratories. These facilities will use it to 

provide data to EPA electronically. By 

widely implementing an electronic reporting 

infrastructure, the CDX will reduce reliance 

on less efficient 

thereby improving 

reporting burden, 

reporting process. 

paper· based processes, 

data quali ty, reducing 

and simplifying the 

Workillg with States for Effective, Sell sible 

E"forcemellt 

Most of the Nation's environmental 

laws envision a strong role for state 

governments in implementing and managing 

environmental programs. The FY 2003 

request includes SI5 million for the Agency 

10 continue supporl to state agencies 

implementing authorized, de legated, or 

approved environmenta l programs through 

the new enforcement grant program. These 

funds will continue to allow states greater 

responsibi lity for enforcemenl of 

environmental laws and regulations. 

EPA will improve capacity of states, localities 

and Tribes to conduct enforcement and 

compliance programs. EPA will provide 

training as well as assistance with state and 

Tribal inspections to build capacity. including 

implementation of the inspector credentials 

program for Triballaw enforcement personnel. 

The FY 2003 request will continue to 

support the regulated community's 

compliance with environmental requirements through vol untary compliance 

incentives and assistance programs. The 

Agency will provide infonnation and 

technical assistance to the regulated 

x 

community through the compli ance 

assistance program to mcrease its 

understanding of all statutory or regulatory 

environmental requirements, thereby 

reducing risk to human health and the 

environment and gammg measurable 

improvements in compli ance. The program 

will also continue to develop strategies and 

compliance assistance tools that will support 

initiatives targeted toward Improvmg 

compliance 111 specific industrial and 

commercial sectors or with certain 

regulatory requirements. 

Ellsuring Safe Food through the Food 

Quality Protectioll Act (FQPA) 

The FY 2003 request includes 

$ 142.3 million to help meet the multiple 

challenges of the implementation of the 

Increase the regulated community's 

compliance with environmental 

requirements through their expanded use of 

compliance assistance. The Agency will 

continue 10 support small business 

compliance assistance centers and develop 

compliance assistance tools such as seclor 

notebooks and compliance guides. 

Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 

1996 so that all Americans will continue to 

enjoy one of the safest, most abundant, and 

most affordable food supplies in the world. 

FQPA focuses on the registration of reduced 

risk pesticides to provide an alternati ve to 

the older versions on the market, and on 

deve loping and delivering infonnation on 

alternative pesticides/techniques and best 

pest control practices to pesticide users. 

FQPA implements a "whole fann " approach 

to pollution management and will help 

fanners transition - without disrupting 

production - to safer substitutes and 

alternative fanning practices. Expanded 

I 
I Annual Plan and Budget Overview 

support for tolerance reassessments will 

reduce the risks 10 public health from older 

pesti cides. Reassessing existing tolerances 

ensures food safety, especiall y for infants 

and children: and ensures that all pesticides 

registered for use meet the most current 

health standards. This budget request also 

supports FQPA-related sCience through 

scientific asscssmenlS of cumulative risk, 

including funds for validation of testing 

components o f the Endocrine Disruptor 

Screening Program. 

By the end or2003. EPA will reassess a 

cumulative 68% of the 9.72 1 pesticide 

tolerances required to be reassessed over ten 

years. This includes 75% of the 893 

tolerances of special concern in protecting the 

health of children. 

Xl 

SUM MARY 

The EPA 's FY2003 Annual Plan and Budge. 

provides the resources and vision necessary 

to reach our Nation 's environmental mission 

to protect the environment and human 

health. This budget represents this 

Administration" s commitment to work with 

our environmental part ners to develop 

innovative environmental programs that 

ensure cleaner air, purer water, and better 

protected land now and for generations to 

come. 

I 
Environmental Protection Agency's 

2003 Budget Totals $7.7 Billion 

(dollars ill bi/liQm) 

o Infrastructure 

o Trust Funds 

o Operating ProgrAm 

$7.6 $7.9 

$7.4 57.6 

$6.9 $6.6 $6.7 $2 .5 $2 .6 $2.6 

$6.6 $6.5 $2.5 

$2.5 $2.5 $2.2 $2.5 $2.0 

$ 1.5 $ 1.5 $ 1.4 $ 1.4 

$ 1.7 $1.3 $ 1.4 

$ 1. 5 $1.4 

$3.6 $3.6 $3.9 

$3.4 

$2.6 $2.7 $3.0 $3. 1 

$2.7 

I I I I I I I I I 

FY /993-2002 reflect EPA'sfinal enacled 0fJCrafing plan. 

FY 2002 does not inc/ude $175.6 million providedfor Homeland Security in the 

Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act. 

58.0 

57.7 

$2.7 

$2.3 

$ 1.4 $ 1.4 

$4.0 54. 1 

I ,-

FY 2003 ineludes $ J 07 million for proposed nell' pension and health benefits legislarion. To 

make columns comparable, FY 200 I and FY 2002 have also been revised/or rhis change. 

XII 
Environmental Protection Agency's 2003 

Workforce Totals 17,648 

17.280 

17.106 

1993 

1994 

'''"' 

17.082 

1995 

1996 

18,110 

17,739 17670 11&'5 ,,~, 17,558 

17 152 

1997 1999 2001 2003 

1998 2000 2002 

FY 1993 through FY 2001 refl ect actual FIE usage: FY 2002 docs not include workyears 

for Homeland i in the t I Act. 

XIII 
Environmental Protection Agency's 

2003 Budget by Goal 

Total Agency: $7,723.6 million* 

Goal 7 

2.6% 

Goal6 

3.5% 

Goal 8 

GoalS 

22.2% 

Goal 1: Clean Air 

Goal9 

5.2"/0 

Goal2: Clean & Safe Water 

Goal 3: Safe Food 

Goa14 : Preventing Poll ution 

Goal 10 

6.0% 

Goal4 

4.2% 

Goal 5: Better Waste Management 

"I ncludes 54.0M in offselting receipts. 

1.4% 

Goal 1 

7.7% 

Goal 6: Reducing Global Risks 

Goal 2 

41.6% 

Goal 7: Quality Environmental Infonnation 

Goal 8: Sound Science 

Goal 9: A Credible Deterrent to Pollution & 

Greater Compliance with the Law 

Goal \0: Effective Management 

*Rl'Suurct'S associated witll the pending health benefits legislation account for 1.3 % of thl' Agc nc~ s budget. 

XIV 
Goal 1: 

Clean Air 

I Goall: Clean Air 

Strategic Goal: The air in every American community will be safe and 

healthy to breathe. In particular, children, the elderl y, and people with 

respiratory aliments wi ll be protected from health risks of breathing 

polluted air. Reducing air pollution will also protect the environment, 

resulting in many benefits, such as restoring life in damaged ecosystems 

and reducing health risks to those whose subsistence depends directly on 

those ecosystems. 

Resource Summary 

(dollars in thousand!)) 

FY 2002 

Enacted 

Clean Air S593,361.8 

Attain NAAQS $457,7 11.8 

Reduce Air Toxies Risk SI 14,658.9 

Reduce Acid Rain $20,99 1.1 

Workyears 

Means and Strategy 

EPA's overall goa ls for the air 

quality program include: Improving au 

quality and addressing highest health and 

environmental risks, while reducing 

program costs; getting better results in less 

burdensome ways; and increasing the roles 

of State, Tribal, and local governments. The 

Clean Air Act provides the principal 

framework for national, State, Tribal, and 

local efforts to protect and improve air 

quality and reduce risks. Under the Clean 

Air Act, EPA has a number of 

responsibilities: 

• Ensuring continued protection of 

public health and the environment 

1,830.7 

• 

1·1 

FY 2003 FY 2003 VS. 

Request FY 2002 

S597,977.3 $4,615.5 

$458,856.3 SI. 144.5 

S 11 8,023.2 S3,364.3 

$2 1,097.8 S106.7 

1,820.0 (10.7) 

through regular review of National 

Ambi ent Air Quality Standards 

(NAAQSs) for the six criteria 

pollutants and reVISion of tre 

NAAQSs, if necessary. based on the 

latest scientific infonnation 

available. 

Ensuring that the NAAQSs arc met 

by developing and carrying out 

national regulatory and no~ 

regulatory programs that reduce air 

pollution from vchicles, factories, 

and other sources, and by working in 

partnership with State, Tribal, and 

local governments on implementing 

their clean air programs. 

I 
I Goall: Clean Air 

• 

• 

• 

Assessing public health risks from 

air toxies and reducing publi c 

exposure to pollutants that cause or 

may cause cancer and other adve rse 

human hea lth effects through 

pollution prevention and reduction of 

toxic emissions. 

Reduc ing acid rain through a marketbased approach that provides 

flexibility to electri c utilities and 

other large sources of sulfur dioxide 

(SOz) and nitro oxides (NOll) in how 

they meet emISSion reduction 

requirements. 

Protecting and enhanc ing visibility 

across large regional areas, including 

many of the Nation's ")ost treasured 

parks and wilderness area s, by 

reducing pollutants such as 

particulate matter (PM), SOz. and 

NOx > 

• Providing a strong scientific basis for 

policy and regulatory decisions and 

exploring emerging problem areas 

through a coordinated, comprehe nsive research program. 

One constant ac ross the titles of the 

Clean Air Act is that they all are designed to 

get the most cost~effect ve pollution 

reductions ea rly on. The problems that 

remai n are some of the most difficult to 

solve. EPA has developed strategies to help 

address this difficult increment and 

overcome the barriers that have hindered 

progress towards clean air in the past. The 

Age ncy will use fl exible approaches, where 

possible, instead of hard-and~ fast fonnulas 

or specific technology requirements. Also, 

the Agency will work with areas that have 

the worst problems to develop strategies that 

address unique local conditions and achieve 

1- 2 

rea l risk reductions that maHer to 

communities. 

• Multi-pollutan t strategies. The many 

inter-re lationshi ps among ozone, fine 

PM, regional haze, and air toxics 

problems provide opportunities for 

developing integrated strategies 10 

reduce pollutant emissions. EPA 

has encouraged States, Tribes. and 

local governments to coordinate the 

work they arc doing to maximize the 

effectiveness of control strategies. 

• 

• 

Economic incentives. EPA has 

provided increased flexibility to 

industry through the use of economic 

incentives and market~ba sed 

approaches. Emissions trading, 

averaging, and banking have become 

standard tools in the Agency's air 

programs. The acid rain program 

uses allowance trading and earl y 

reduction c redits b cut control costs 

and reduce pollution faster. The Tier 

II and diesel programs allow 

manufacturers 10 produce a mix of 

vehicl es that coll ecti vely meet 

emission reduction targets. EPA's 

economiC incentive programs 

include a variety of measures 

designed to increase flexibility and 

efficiency, while maintaining the 

accountabil ity and enforceability of 

traditional air qua li ty management 

programs. 

Consensus building. In Implementing the Clean Air Act, the 

Agency has emphasized consensus 

building, and broad stakeholder 

involvement. Examples inc lude: 

• Worki ng cooperative ly with 

industry on toxies standards (e.g .• 

the regulatory- negotiation with 

the coke oven industry). 

I 
I 

• 

• 

Goal 1 : Clean Air 

• Working with industry to 

implement innovative approaches 

(e.g., the auto industry 

voluntarily agreeing to meet 

alional Low Emission Vehicle 

standards). 

• Meeting with the refining 

industry, the auto industry, and 

State offic ials (0 balance the 

many concerns in the Tier II 

fulemaking and promulgating a 

ground breaking national program 

supported by a wide range of 

stakeholders. 

Systems approach. Tier II also is a 

good example of how the Agency 

looks at air qua lity problems from a 

broader perspective and takes 

advantage of the potential synergies. 

As catalyst technology requires lowsulfur fiel , the Agency is regulati ng 

fuels and vehicles as one system, to 

give poll ution control manufacturers 

the incentive to develop even cleaner 

tec hnologies. This results in a 

greater reduction in pollution - •• 

less cost - than by addressing fue ls 

and vehicles separately. 

Innovative technology. EPA 

increasingly incorporates incentives 

and performance-based approaches 

into regulations to spur new 

technologies that will help meet 

ambitious goa ls more coSteffecti ve ly (sometimes at even less 

cost than EPA ha s predicted). The 

Agency also is building partnerships 

that help develop and deploy these 

new tec hnologies. The report 

prepared to meet the requirements of 

section 812 of the Clean Ai r Act 

includes a list of the technologies 

that have been developed since the 

1990 Amendments. The advances 

1-3 

have been remarkable. Technologies 

like selective catal yti c reduction 

(SCR) on power plants, ultra- low 

NOx burners, or advanced catalysts 

now have entered the ma instream, at 

far less cost than anyone predicted. 

Research 

EPA 's NAAQS- re lated research 

supports the Agency's Clean Air Goal to 

meet national clean air standards for carbon 

monoxide (CO), S02. nitrogen dioxide 

(N0 2), lead, tropospheric 02Dne, and PM. 

This research provides methods, models, 

data, and assessmel1 criteri a on the health 

risks assoc iated with these and other 

pollutants, a lone and In combination. 

focusing on the exposures, health effects, 

mechanisms of injury, and identifying 

components of PM , which affect publi c 

healtll In addition, this research provides 

NAAQS implementation tools to support 

efforts by industry, and State, Tribal, and 

local regulators, to develop and improve 

State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and 

Tribal Implementation Plans (TIPs) to atta in 

.he NAAQS. 

Research on aIr toxics investigates 

the root causes of the environmental and 

human health problems in urban areas 

related to these pollutants. These efforts 

provide the necessary hea lth e ffects data, 

measurements, methods, models, 1Ilfonnation, assessments, and technical 

support to EPA, State, Tribal, and local 

regulators to estimate human health effec ts 

and aggregate exposures to hazardous air 

pollutants. Research also supports atmospheric and emission modeling in order to 

estimate fate, ambient concentrations, and 

mobil e source anissions of ai r toxics at a 

more refined scale. With this infonnation 

the Agency will be in a better position to 

I 
I Goall: Clean Air 

detennine risk and develop alternative 

strategies for maximizing risk reductions. 

Highlights 

COJltinue progress toward NAA QS 

arrainmelil. 

For FY 2003, EPA will implement 

the President's National Energy Policy; 

continue the regular reviews of the NAAQS; 

carry out programs to meet NAAQS and 

regiona l haze requirements; and continue the 

research, aIr quali ty monitoring, and 

laboratory analyses tlBt provide the 

scientifi c and technical bases for the 

NAAQS program. 

• ult~pollutant legislation President 

Bush has directed EPA In his 

National Energy Po licy to work with 

the Congress to deve lop legislation 

that would establish a flexible, 

market-based approach to significantly cap and reduce emissions 

of NOx• S(h, and mercury from the 

power generation sector. The 

legislation would build on the 

successful acid rain program and on 

the NOx allowance trading program 

for the Northeast. Reducing 

emission; of NOx and S02 will 

reduce levels of ground- leve l ozone 

and PM, as we ll as acid deposition. 

• New Source Review reform . Also 

as part of the implementation of the 

National Energy Pol icy, EPA will 

work with States, Tribes and loca l 

agencies to put in place revised New 

Source Review programs. EPA is 

working with sta keholders to explore 

options that are both fairer and more 

effecti ve and provide more certai nty 

for the regulated communities. 

• 

• 

• 

• 

1-4 

Review of NAAQS. During 

FY 2002, EPA will make avai lable 

to ·the public a comprehensive 

assessment of recent scientifi c 

findings on the hea lth and 

environmental risks associated with 

PM. Following completion of this 

assessment and a staff paper that 

evaluates the poli cy implica tions of 

the scientific findings, EPA will 

propose In FY 2003 a dec ision on 

whether to retain or revise the PM 

NAAQS. 

Implementation of existing NAAOS. 

On the national leve l, EPA will work 

with States, Tribes, and loca l 

governments on developing and 

implementing measures to meet 

clean air standa rds. The Agency will 

continue technica l support for 

implementing the \- hour ozone 

NAAQS. EPA also will support 

States and Tribes in deVeloping 

innovati ve, voluntary programs that 

will help to achieve early reductions 

in the transition to the 8-hour ozore 

standard. The Agency also wi ll 

develop a strategy and guidance for 

transition from the PM-IO standard 

to a fine particulate standard. We 

will work to promote and expand the 

use of voluntary, and smart b'TOwlh 

a nd other innovative approaches to 

provide emission reductions. 

Public infomlation EPA and States 

will expand outreac h efforts to 

promote publi c awareness of the Air 

Quality Index. 

Vehicle, engine, and fuels standards. 

EPA will establish and implement 

Federal standards to require cleaner 

motor vehicles, fue ls, and non-road 

equipment that arc cost-effective and 

I 
I 

• 

Goal 1: Clean Air 

technically feasible. The Agency 

will continue implementation of the 

Tier II and gasoline sulfur standards. 

The Agency also wi ll continue work 

on the 2007 heavy-duty highway 

engine and die sel sulfur 

requirements. In addition, EPA will 

deve lop a proposed rule establishi ng 

new standards for heavy-duty, n Ollroad, land-based diesel engines and 

vehicles. 

Testing for compliance. EPA will 

continue research, monitoring, and 

laboratory analysis o f industry 

compli ance to national air quality 

standards. By 2003. a dramatic 

change in the type and amount of 

testing will be required at EPA's 

Natio nal Vehicle and Emissio ns 

Laboratory (NVFEL) to ensure 

meeting the goals of the Tier II and 

Heavy-Duty Engine regulations, as 

well as 10 proceed with 

adva ncements in vehicl e emission 

control technologies. To meet this 

challenge, EPA will reqUire an 

in vestment for essential emission 

measurement system upgrades at the 

NVFEL In order to (I) fully 

implement and enforce the new Tier 

II emiSSIOn standards and test 

procedures for all passenger cars and 

light trucks beginning with the 2004 

model year; (2) implement and 

enforce the model years 2004 and 

2007 Diesel Engine Standards for all 

on-highway, heavy-duty eng e~ 

and (3) de ve lop digital and 

computer-based emiSSion 

measurement system upgrades 

required to accurately measure the 

next generation of emission control 

systems. 

1- 5 

Reduce public exposure 10 air toxies. 

In FY 2003, EPA will deve lop 

strategies and rules to help States and Tribes 

reduce emissio ns and exposure to haza rdous 

air pollutants, particularly in urban areas, 

and reduce hannful deposition in water 

bodies. The Agency also will target source 

characterization work, especia ll y 

development and improveme nt of emissions 

infonnation, that is essenti al for the States, 

Tribes, and local agencies to deve lop 

strategies to meet the standards. EPA will 

look close ly at urban areas to delennine the 

vari ous sources of toxics that enter the air, 

water, and soil, and determine the best 

manner to reduce the tota l toxics risk in 

these urban areas. Some specific activities 

and initiatives in this program for FY 2003 

include: 

• Air toxics monitoring. EPA will 

work with States to expand the air 

toxic monitoring network operated 

by State, Tribal, and local agencies. 

This expansion will help assess the 

success of EPA's comprehensive air 

toxics strategy as well as the muh~ 

pollutant strategy. Such monitoring 

data will also enable EPA to 

benchmark its models and to track 

ambient trends for inhalation-risk air 

toxics and toxic components of 

particulate matter. 

• Air toxics rules. EPA will continue 

the extensive residual risk anal yses 

for sources covered by Maximum 

Achievable Control Technology 

(MACT) standards to detennine if 

additional standards are necessary to 

reduce the remaining risks from 

these sources. 

• Mobile sources air toxics. In FY 

200 1, EPA issued a rule to address 

I 
I Goal I: Clean Air 

emissions of air toxies from mobile 

sources. In the rule, the Agency 

identified 21 mobile source air texies 

and established new gasoline toxic 

emission perfonnance standards. 

The rul e established a Techni cal 

Analysis Plan to conduct research 

and analysis on mobil e source a ir 

texies. Based on the results of that 

research, EPA will consider future 

rule rmking in 2004 in which EPA 

will revisit the feasibility and need 

for additional controls for non-road 

and highway engines and vehicl es 

and their fuels. To prepare for this 

reView, In FY 2003, EPA will 

continue gathering emissions data, 

conducting exposure analyses, and 

evaluating the need for additional 

controls. EPA also will incorporate 

texies emissions data into the mobile 

source models. 

Implement market-based acid rain 

program. 

For FY 2003 EPA will conti nue to 

carry out the market-based acid ram 

program, tracking emissions, auditing and 

ceni fying monitors, recording transfers of 

allowances, and reconciling emissions and 

allowances. 

• Phase II implementation EPA will 

continue to implement the trading 

system, tracking transfers of 

emISSIOn allowa nces from the 

expanded number of electric utility 

units covered by the Phase II 

requirements of the Clean Air Act. 

• Monitoring and assessment. EPA 

will manage the operation of the 

Clean Air Status and Trends 

Network (CASTNet), a wet 

deposition network, and provide 

1- 6 

operational support for the National 

Atmospheri c Deposition Program 

(NADP), a dry deposition network. 

The Agency will usc the monitoring 

results, along with other information, 

to help assess the effecti veness of the 

acid rain program in reduc ing health 

and environmental risks. 

Research 

EPA's NAAQS-related research 

program will develop new information and 

assess existing studies to support statutorily 

mandated reviews of the NAAQS and will 

upgrade methods and models needed to 

guide development of SIPs and TIPs, used to 

achi eve the NAAQS. In FY 2003, 

tropospheric ozone resea rch will evaluate 

and refine emissions and air quality models 

to support efforts by Agency, State, Triba l 

and local regulators, as we ll as industry, to 

Improve SIPs and TIPs for tropospheric 

ozone. The PM research program will 

continue work to strengthen the scientific 

basis for the periodic review of the PM 

NAAQS, including conducting ep ~ 

demiological and exposure studies. The PM 

program will also develop tools and methods 

for use by States, Tribal, and local regul ators 

to assess control options to improve PM 

NAAQS implementation plans that will 

move the Agency toward its objective of 

reducing Americans' exposure to PM. Also 

incl uded under this objective will be 

resea rch to support review of the lead, 

carbon monoxide (CO), S02, and N02 

NAAQS. 

Air toxics research provides 

infonnation on effects, exposure, source 

characterization, as we ll as other data to 

quantify existing emissions and to identify 

key pollutants and strategies for cost 

effective risk management. In FY 2003, 

research will foc us on completing health 

I 
I Goal I: Clean Air 

assessments for some of the highest priority 

hazardous air pollutants, and providing the 

sc ience and technica l support to Agency, 

State, Tribal and loca l regulators to estimate 

hea lth effects and exposures to hazardous air 

pollutants both indoors and outdoors and to 

red uce risks. 

2003 Annual Performance Goals 

• 

• 

• 

In 2003, maintain hea lthy air quality 

for 44.1 million people li ving ill 

monitored areas attai ning the ozone 

standard: certify Ihat 2 areas of the 

remaining 45 nonattainment arcas 

have atta ined the I-hour NAAQS for 

ozone thus increasing the number of 

people living in areas with healthy 

air by 1.0 million. 

In 2003, maintain hea lthy air quality 

for 7.2 million people living in 

monitored areas atta ining the PM 

standards: increase by 81 tho usand 

the number of people living in areas 

with hea lthy air qua lity that have 

newl y attained the standard. 

In 2003, maintain hea lthy air q uality 

for 52.7 million people living in 

monitored areas atta ining the CO, 

1-7 

• 

• 

• 

S02, N02, and lead standards; 

increase by 4.1 million the number 

of people li ving in areas with healthy 

air quality that have newly attained 

the standard. 

In 2003, air toxics emISSIons 

nationwide from stationary and 

mobile sources combined will be 

reduced by an additional 3% of the 

updated 1993 base line of 6.1 million 

tons (for a cumul ati ve reducti on of 

40% from the 1993 level of 6. 1 

million tons per year.) 

In 2003, mainta in o r increase alUlUal 

S02 emiSSion reduction of 

approximately 5 million tons from 

the 1980 baseline. Keep an nual 

emissions be low leve l authorized by 

allowance holdings and make 

progress towards achievement of 

Year 20 I 0 S02 emissions cap for 

utilities. 

In 2003, 2 millio n tons of NO~ from 

coa ~fired utility sources will be 

red uced from leve ls that would have 

been emitted without implementati on 

of Title IV of the Clean Ai r Act 

Amendments. 

I 
I 

Acid Rain - CASTNc\ 

Acid Rain -Program Implementati on 

Air Toxies Research 

Goall: Clean Air 

Goal I: Clean Air Kt'y Programs 

(dollars ill 'hoI/sands) 

Air5tatc.Loca l and Tribal Assistance Grants: Other Air Grants 

Carbon Monoxide 

Congressionally Mandated Projects 

Fac ilities Infrastructure and Operations 

Hazardous Air Pollutants 

Homeland Security· 

Lead 

Lega l Services 

Management Services and Stewardship 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Ozone 

Panicu late Maner 

Particulate Matter Research 

Regional Haze 

Regiona l Ma nagement 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Tropospheric Ozone Research 

FY 2002 

Enacted 

53.991.2 

S I2.500.2 

SI8.923.4 

S232.584.6 

$4.258.4 

5 18.837.5 

525.720.2 

$52.225.3 

5874.0 

$3 42.2 

$7,874.6 

$5.960.0 

51.325.5 

$68,455.1 

552.302.7 

$65.468.2 

$2.535.9 

S349.5 

5 12.3 18.5 

56.514.8 

FY 2003 

President's 

R~gu£ !,; 1 

£3,991.2 

$12.790.4 

$19,883.7 

$232.584.6 

$4.025. 1 

SO.O 

525.740. 1 

$52.622.4 

SO.O 

$339.6 

$8,609.6 

$6. 105.5 

$ 1.399.0 

$77,498.8 

$62.624. 3 

$66.662.0 

52,408.1 

$3 10. 1 

513,624.7 

$6,758. 1 

*FY 2002 does nOI include $175.6 million provided in Th e Emergel/cy Supplemel1lal 

Appropriations Act for Homeland Security. 

1-8 

I 
Goal 2: 

Clean and Safe 

Water 

I Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water 

Strategic Goal: All Americans will have drinking water that is clean and 

safe to drink. Effective protection of America's rivers, lakes, wetlands, 

aquifers, and coastal and ocean waters will sustain fish, plants, and 

wildlife, as well as recreational, .9.Ibsistence, and economic activities. 

Watersheds and their aq uatic ecosystems will be restored and protected to 

improve public health, enhance water quality, reduce flooding, and 

provide habitat for wi ld life. 

Resource Summary 

(dollars in thollsands) 

Clean & Safe Water 

Safe Drinking Water, Fish and Recreational 

Waters 

Protect Watersheds and Aquatic Conununities 

Reduce Loadings and Air Deposition 

Workyears 

Means and Strategy 

To ac hi eve the Nation 'S clean and 

safe water goals. EPA will operate under an 

overarching watershed approach in carrying 

out ils statutory authorities under both the 

Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments 

(SDWA) of 1996 and the Clean Water Act 

(CWA). Protecting watersheds involves 

participation by a wide variety of 

stakeholde rs, a comprehensive assessment 

of the condition of the watershed, and 

implementation of solutions based on sound 

science and stakeholder input. Full 

involvement of stakeholders at all levels of 

11 · 1 

FY 2002 

Enacted 

$3,738,990.3 

SI.268,497. 1 

$463,061.1 

52,007,432.1 

2,737.3 

FY 2003 

Request 

$3,214,674.2 

51,148,425. 1 

5435,8 14.7 

$1,630,434.4 

2,742.8 

FY 2003 vs. 

FY 2002 

($524,316.1 ) 

(S 120,072.0) 

(527,246.4) 

($376,997.7) 

5.5 

government, the regulated community, and 

the public is fundamental to the watershed 

approach. The watershed approach helps 

EPA, its Federal partners, States, Tribes, 

local governments, and other stakeholders to 

implement tailored solutions and maximize 

the benefits gained from the use of 

increasingly scarce resources. 

EPA will contin ue to implement the 

SDW A Amendments of 1996 that chart a 

new and chall enging course for EPA, States, 

tribes, and water suppli ers. The central 

provisions of the Amendments include 1) 

improving the way that EPA sets drinking 

I 
I Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water 

water safety standards and develops 

regulations based on good science, 

priontlzaoon of effort, sound risk 

assessment, and effective risk management; 

2) providing fl exibility to the States in 

monitoring for certai n contaminants and in 

setting time fraf1'rs for compliance with 

regulations, and providing funding for 

improvements to drinking water 

infrastructure through the Drinking Water 

State Revolving Fund (DWSRF); 3) 

establishing new prevention approaches, 

including provISions for operator 

certification, capacity deve lopment, and 

source water protection; and 4) providing 

better infonnation to consumers, including 

consumer confidence reports. 

EPA has a significant role In 

protecting public hea lth from terrorist 

attacks on the nations critical water 

infrastructure. Through Presidentia l 

Dec ision Directive (POD) 63, EPA IS 

working through a public-private partnership 

to safeguard water supplies and wastewater 

treatment systems from terrorist acts. Using 

FY 02 base and suppl emental funds, EPA 

and its partners, espec iall y the American 

Water Works Association (A WWA) and the 

Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies 

(AMWA). will fulfill this responsibility by 

providing technical and financia l assistance 

to utilities to assess vulnerabilities of water 

supplies and to take appropriate actions to 

protect water systems. 

EPA will continue efforts to provide 

States and tribes tools and information to 

assist them in protecting their residents from 

health risks assoc iated with contaminated 

recreational waters and noncomrnerciallycaught fish. These tools will help reduce 

health risks, including risks to sensitive 

populations such as chi ldren and subsistence 

11 -2 

and recreationa l anglers. EPA activities 

inc lude development of water quality 

c riteria (including aquatic life, human 

health, biological , nutrient, and pathogen 

criteria), enhanced fish tissue monitoring, 

deve lopment of fish and shell fish 

consumption advisories, and risk assessment 

activities. For beaches, EPA's three-part 

strategy is to strengthen beach standards and 

testing, improve the scientific basis for 

beach assessment, and develop methods to 

inform the public abo ut beach conditions. 

Beach water quality monitoring and publi c 

notifica tion will be improved by providing 

grants to state and local governments as 

authorized under Section 406 of the Clean 

Water Act. These efforts help implement 

the Beaches Environmental Assessment and 

Coastal Health (BEACH) Act of 2000 with 

its emphasis on deve loping strong 

monitoring and notification programs. 

Key to the watershed approach IS 

continued development of scientifica ll ybased water quality standa rds and criteria 

under the CW A and better consolidated 

identification of waters not meeting these 

goa ls under Sections 303(d) and 305(b). 

Where water quality standards are not being 

met, EPA will work with States and tribes to 

Improve implementation of a Total 

Maximum Daily Load (TM DL) program 

that establishes the ana lytical basis for 

watershed-based decisions on needed 

pollution reductions. To support States a nd 

tribes in their standards adoption and TMDL 

programs, EPA wi ll continue to provide 

scientifically sound cri teria and guidance for 

toxic chemicals, nutrients, biological 

integrity, microbial , and physical stressors. 

EPA will continue to deve lop and revise 

national effluent guideline limitations and 

standards, capitalize and manage the Clean 

Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) 

I 
I Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water 

program and other funding mechanisms, 

strengthen the focus of state ncnpoin! source 

programs on protecting and restoring 

waterbodics, and target He National 

Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 

(NPDES) permit program to achieve 

progress towa rd atta inment of wate r qua lity 

standards and support implementation of 

TMDLs in impaired water bodies. The 

Agency will continue to work with States to 

reduce the NPDES permit backlog and to 

expand data management/e lectronic 

information activities to include permit 

information on storm water. combined sewe r 

overflows (eSOs), sanitary sewer overflows 

(SS05). concentrated animal feeding 

operations (CAFOs), indirect discha rges, 

and other emerging areas. Annual 

perfonnance goals to reduce discharges and 

to prevent pass through to the Nation 's 

waters will identify these sources and model 

their loading reductions. With concrete 

information on the NPDES uni verse, 

including suffi cient data to model loading 

reductions from all classes of discharges and 

integration of that information with othe r 

water quality data. EPA wi ll be better able 

to describe the environmental improvements 

from approximate ly 550,000 point sources 

covered by NPDES pemlits. 

EPA has moved forward to provide 

guidance and regulations to cover the 

expanding universe of NPDES faciliti es. 

The phase II storm water rul e's permitting 

requirements become effective in FY 2003, 

and the CAFO rule will be issued in 

December 2002. Work to address CSOs and 

SSOs is also proceeding. EPA is completing 

guidance and data collection for reports to 

Congress as required by the Wet Weather 

Water Quali ty Act of 2000. Strategies are 

being developed for other emerging areas, 

such as pesticide discharges and invasive 

11-3 

species, as well as expedited permitting of 

energy facilities. 

The Clean Water SRF IS an 

important tool for achi eving clean and safe 

water by he lping communities meet the ir 

significant needs for wastewater 

infrastructure over the next 20 years and 

providing increased support to address 

nonpoint source problems. The budget 

request includes $1.212 bi ll ion for the 

CWSRF. This investment continues EPA's 

commitment for the CWSRF to provide $2 

. billion in average annual financial assistance 

over the long-term even after Federa l 

assistance ends. Total SRF funds availablc 

for loans as of July 200 1, reflecting loan 

repayments, state match dollars, and other 

sources of fundi ng, are approximately $37.7 

billion, of which $34.3 billion ha s been 

provided to communities as financial 

assistancc. The Agency again requests that 

state fl exibility to address the ir most critical 

demands be continued by extending the ir 

authority for limited funds transfers between 

the CWSRF and DWSRF for one year. 

EPA is assisting States and tribes to 

cha racterize risks, rank pnontJes, and 

implement a mix of voluntary and regulatory 

approaches through improved state nonpoint 

source (NPS) management programs. 

Working with EPA, States and tribes are 

strengthening their NPS programs to ensure 

that needed Ilonpoint source controls are 

implemented to achieve and maintain 

beneficial uses of water. In particular, EPA 

and the States are working together to better 

use the Clean Water Act Section 319 

framework and funds to develop and 

implement nonpoint source TMDLs. States 

will continue to implement coastal NPS 

programs approved by EPA and the National 

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

I 
I Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water 

under the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization 

Amendments, and to work with the U.S. 

Department of Agriculture to promote 

implementation of Farm Bill programs 

consistent with state nc npoill! source 

management needs and priorities. EPA will 

also provide tools to States to assess and 

strengthen controls on air deposition sources 

of nitrogen, mercury, and other toxies. 

With respect 10 wetlands, EPA will 

work with Federal, state, Tribal, local , and 

private sector partners on protection and 

community-based restoration of wetlands, 

and with its Federal partners to avoid, 

minimize, and compensate for wetland 

losses through the CW A Section 404 and 

Farm Bill programs. In particular, the 

agency will focus its efforts on developing 

appropriate tools to assess wetlands extent 

and condition, increasing the success of 

wetlands restoration projects, and protecting 

vulnerable wetlands. EPA will be pan of 

coordinated Federal agency effons to 

suppon conservation of fauna, including the 

Nonh American Bird Conservation Initiative 

and Partners for Amphibi ans and Reptile 

Conservation. 

EPA will work with States, tribes, 

municipalities, and the regulated community 

to ensure that the Phase II rules for the storm 

water program are implemented to address 

problems caused by sediment and other 

pollutants in our waters. EPA will also 

establish criteria for nutrients (i.e., nitrogen 

and phosphorus) so that more States can 

develop water quality standards that protect 

waters from harmful a lgal blooms such as 

pfiesteria, and prevent dead zones and fish 

kills which can develop as a result of an 

excess of these nutrients. EPA wi ll work 

with States to fund priority watershed 

projects through the CWSRF to reduce 

11 -4 

nonpoint and estuary pollution. The Agency 

will also work to reduce pollution from 

failing septic systems. Finally, EPA will 

have a coordinated strategy for protecting 

drinking water sources that includes 

microbial pathogen, chemical, and nu trient 

criteria. 

Research 

EPA's research efforts will continue 

to strengthen the scientific basis for drinking 

water standards through the use of improved 

methods and new data to better evaluate the 

risks associated with exposure to chemical 

and microbial contaminants in drinking 

water. To suppon the research provisions of 

the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) 

amendments, the Agency's drinking water 

research will develop dose-response 

information on disinfection by-products 

(OBPs), waterborne pathogens, arsenic, and 

other drinki ng water contaminants for 

characterization of potential health risks 

from consuming lap water. The focus will 

be on filling key data gaps and developing 

ana lytical detection methods for measuring 

the occurrence of chemical and microbial 

contaminants on the Contaminant Candidate 

List (CCL). The Agency will develop and 

evaluate cost-effective treatment technologies for removing patho~ns from water 

supplies while minimi zing DBP formation, 

for maintaining the quality of treated water 

in the distribution system and for preventing 

the intrusion of microbial contamination. 

By reducing uncenainties and improving 

methods associated with the assessment and 

control of risks posed by exposure to 

microbial contaminants in drinking water, 

EPA is providing the scientific basis 

necessary to protect human health and 

ensure that by 2005, 95 percent of the 

population served by community water 

I 
I Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water 

systems will receive water that meets healthbased drinking water standards. 

Research to support the protec tion 

and enhancement of aquatic ecosystems and 

their biotic components includes 

understanding the structure, function, and 

characteristics of aquatic systems, and 

evaluating exposures and effects of strcssors 

on those systems. EPA is also working to 

develop biological and landscape indicators 

of ecosystem condition, sources of 

impairment, and stressor response/fate and 

transport models. The results of these 

efforts will improve risk assessment 

methods to develop aquatic life, sediment, 

habitat, and wi ldlife criteria, as well as risk 

management strategies and will help EPA 

and other Federal, state, and local agenci es 

deve lop better baseline assessments of wa ter 

quality. Through the deve lopment of a 

framework for diagnosing adverse effects of 

chemical pollutants in surface waters, EPA 

will be able to evaluate the risks posed by 

chemi cals that persist in the environment 

and accumul ate 111 the food chain, 

threatening wildlife and potentially human 

health. This resea rch will facilitate 

ecological health assessment of the nation's 

waters. providing water resou rce managers 

with tools for determining whether their 

aquatic resources support healthy aquatic 

communiti es. The Agency also will develop 

cost-effective technologies for managing 

suspended solids and sediments with an 

emphasis on identifying innovative in situ 

solutions. 

Research in this goal will also 

provide the scientific basis and techni cal 

support for program, regional and state 

efforts to protect and inform recreational 

water users. A sound scientific foundation 

connecting water quality indicators and 

11-5 

human disease will be established. This 

research will also develop diagnostic tools to 

evaluate human and ecological exposures to 

toxic constituents of wet weather fl ows 

(combined-sewer overflows (CSOs), 

sanita ry-sewer overflows (SSOs), and 

storm water). These wet weather events pose 

significant risks to human and ecological 

health through the uncontrolled release of 

pathogenic bacteria, protozoans, and viruses 

as well as a number of potentiall y toxic, 

bioaccumulative contaminants. EPA will 

develop and va lidate effecti ve watershed 

management strategies and tools for 

controlling wet weather flows (WWFs). 

including: (I) new and improved indicator 

methods to describe the toxic inputs to 

watersheds from WWFs: (2) methods to 

uti li ze condition and di agnostic ecological 

indicators in evaluating wet weather flow 

management strategies 111 preventing 

degradation of water and sediment quality 

by contaminated runoff: (3) methods for 

diagnosing multiple stressors in watershed 

ecosystems: and (4) evaluation of low cost 

watershed best management practi ces to 

eval uate risks associated with va ri ous 

control teclmologies for wet weather flows. 

Highlights 

So that all Americans have water that 

is safe to drink, EPA will work to increase 

the percentage of the population that will 

receive drinking water from systems 

meeting all health-based standards in effect 

as of 1994. The Agency wi ll continue to 

work with the States in implementing rules 

required by the 1996 amendments to the 

SDWA to control for microbial 

contaminants especially Oyplosporidium. 

disinfectants and their byproducts, arselllC, 

radon, radionuclides, and other 

contaminants. 

I 
I Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water 

In FY 2003, EPA will be completing 

fi nal regulatory action on all contaminants 

specifically identified in the 1996 SDWA 

Amendments. Consequently, primary 

attention in FY 2003 will be focused on 

contaminants from the Contaminant 

Candidate List (Cel) and any potential 

revisions stemming from the statutoril y 

mandated six yea r review of existing 

regulations. The eeL process, a new 

provision in the 1996 SDW A amendments, 

makes risk prioritization the dominant factor 

in selecting contaminants to regulate. EPA, 

in partnership with the States, wate r 

systems, environmental and publi c health 

groups, the scientific community, and the 

public, must use three criteria to detcnn ine 

whether to regulate a contaminant: I) the 

contaminant adversely affects human tralth; 

2) it is known or substantially likely to occur 

in public water systems with a frequency 

and at levels of public health concern; and 3) 

regulation of the contaminant presents a 

significant opportunity for health risk 

reduction. EPA is required to plblish the 

second eel in the Federal Regj~;fer in 

August 2003. Also in 2003, the Agency wi ll 

be revising, if necessary, existing nalional 

primary drinking water regulations that were 

reviewed in FYs 200 I and 2002 using the 

best ava ilable, peer-reviewed data on 

occurrence and associated health risks, 

analytical methods, and treatment 

technologies. Approaches to preventing 

contamination will continue to be 

emphasized and implemented in 2003 as 

EPA assists its partners and stakeholders in 

effectively implement ing a ll ava ilable tools 

to protect vulnerable sources of drinking 

water supplies. 

EPA, 111 concert with our many 

partners, is pursuing a comprehensive 

strategy for assessing and restoring the 

11-6 

Nation's most impaired watersheds. 

Fundamental to the Agency's efforts to 

conserve and enhance the Nation's waters is 

the management of water quality resources 

on a watershed basis, with the full 

in volvement of all stakeholders including 

communities, individuals, businesses, state 

and local governments, and tribes. 

The Targeted Watersheds Project is a 

new $2 1 million program to provide grants 

to wate rshed stakeholders ready to 

implement comprehensive restoration 

actions. Targeted watersheds will be chosen 

based on criteri a established in consultation 

with our state, local and other stakeholder 

partners, with emphases on value of the 

resource, likelihood of positive 

environmental outcomes, evidence of strong 

state/local government support, ability to 

leverage Agency resources, and readiness to 

proceed based on existing problem 

identification. 

By FY 2003, with EPA's suppon , 

the National Estuary Program will have 

restored and protected an additional 25,000 

acres of habitat, including sea grass and 

shellfish beds. In FY 2003, EPA will 

continue implementing appropriate 

management responses to hamlful algal 

blooms and other mari ne pests and diseases. 

EPA wi ll also implement the Agencyspecific action plan in response to the 

Invasive Species Executive Order. Finally, 

EPA will implement management options 

resulting from its assessment of cruise ship 

and ballast water discharges. 

A key element of the Agency's effort 

to ac hi eve its overarching goal of clean and 

safe water is the reduction of pollutant 

discharges from point sources and non point 

sources. The NPDES program (which 

I 
I Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water 

includes NPDES permits covering municipal 

and industrial discharges, urban wet 

weather, large animal feeding operations, 

mining, the pretreatment program for nondomestic wastewater discharges into 

muni cipal sanitary sewers, and biosolids 

management controls) establishes controls 

on poll utants discharged from point sources 

into waters of the United States. Key annual 

performance goals for FY 2003 are to 

reduce loadings of toxic pollutants, 

nonconventional pollutants. and 

conventional pollutants from aU categories 

of NPDES permitted facilit ies. To ensure 

that all point sources are covered by curre nt 

permits, EPA developed a backlog reduction 

strategy under whi ch 90 percent of major 

permittees and 84 percent of minor 

pemlitlees would have current permits in 

place by the close of FY 2003. In suppon 

of that effort, EPA is developing a pennit 

prioritization strategy to expedite reissuance 

of penn its of low signifi cance with respect 

to revisions needed to protect water qua li ty. 

EPA will also continue eva luating data 

received from monitoring sites under the 

National Marine Debris Monitoring 

Program. This program monitors marine 

debris in an effort to determine sources of 

the debris, much of whi ch enters coastal 

waters through stonllwater ru noff. 

States report that poll ution from 

nonpoin! sources (NPS) is the largest cause 

of water pollution, with agriculture as a 

leading cause of impairment in 60 percent of 

the river miles assessed. In order to restore 

and maintain water quality, significant 

loading reductions from nonpoin! sources 

must be achi eved. State NPS programs arc 

cri tical to protecting and restoring the 

Nation's water resources. To achieve 

reductions in NPS loadings, it is essential for 

EPA to work with States to expeditiously 

11- 7 

implement the nine key program elements in 

their strengthened state NPS programs. In 

addition, EPA will continue to encourage 

States to make use of CWSRF and other 

Federa l resources to finance projects that 

address polluted runoff. As of mid-200! , 

States had invested nearl y $ 1.4 billion in 

nonpoint source poll ution controls through 

the CWSRF. 

Research 

In FY 2003, EPA's dri nking water 

research program will continue to conduct 

research to reduce the uncertainties of risk 

associated with exposure to microbial 

contaminants in drinking water and improve 

ana lyti cal methods and risk assessments to 

control risks posed by drinking water 

contamination. As required by the SDWA 

amendments, the first Contaminant 

Candidate List (CCL) was published in 1998 

and included nine microbial contaminants in 

its Research Pri orities Category that require 

more data before a regulatory detennination 

could be made. The drinking water resea rc h 

program will continue to focus on microbi al 

contaminants on future CCl s. Significant 

data gaps still exist on the occurrence of 

these microbes in source and distribution 

system water, linkages between water 

exposure and infec tion, and the effectiveness 

of candidate trea tment teclmologies to 

remove and inacti vate these contaminants. 

Research e fforts wi ll also continue to 

support arsenic -specific research and 

development of more cost-e ffecti ve 

treatment technologies for the removal of 

arseni c from small community drinking 

water systems. This work will include 

strategies for the acceptabl e control of water 

treatment residua ls e nriched with arsenic. 

The development of this crucial infonnation 

will provide the scientifi c basis necessary to 

I 
I Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water 

protect human hea lth and ensure 95 percent 

of the popul ation served by community 

water systems will receive water that meets 

health- based drinking water standards. 

EPA is also conducting research on 

suspended solids and sediments (noncontaminated). Although suspended solids 

and sediment arc a natu ral part of aquatic 

ecosystems critical to the energy cycle of the 

water body as we ll as the provision of 

microhabitats, dry have become stressors 

associated with human activity that 

adve rsely affects aquatic habitats. 

Suspended solids and sediments have been 

identified among the leading causes of water 

quality impainnent for streams and rivers. 

As part of EPA's efforts in FY 2003 to 

conserve and enhance the nation's waters. 

the aquatic stressors research program will 

continue suspended solids and sediments 

research program that will focus on 

developing tools which a llow for the 

determi nation of background levels of 

sediments and suspended solids inherent to a 

region. 

Another area of research will focus 

on growing evidence of the risk of infectious 

diseases resulting from exposure to 

microbes in recreational waters. Exposure 

to these diseases is of particular concern 

afte r major rainfall events that cause 

discharges from both point and non- point 

sources. In FY 2003, EPA will continue 

efforts to perform a suite of epidemiologica l 

studi es needed to establish a stronger, more 

defensible link between water quality 

indicators and disease. These 

epidemiologica l studies will provide reliable 

information aboUi the re lationship between 

recreationa l water qua li ty and swimmingassoc iated health effects. This will enable 

EPA to provide States with consistent 

11 -8 

monitoring methods, standardized indicators 

of contami nation, and standardized 

defini tions of what constitutes a risk to 

public health. 

Section 1.01 2003 Annual Performance 

Goals 

• In 2003, 85 percent of the population 

served by community water systems 

will receive drin king water meeting 

hea lth- based standards promulgated 

in or after 1998. 

• In 2003, 92% of the population 

seIVed by community water systems 

will receive drinking water meeting 

a ll hea lth-based standards in effect as 

of 1994, up from 83% in 1994. 

• 

• 

• 

• 

In 2003, reduce human exposure to 

contaminated recreation waters by 

increasing the information ava ilable 

to the public and decision- makers. 

By FY 2003, water quality will 

improve on a watershed basis such 

that 600 of the Nation's 2,262 

watersheds will have greater than 80 

percent of assessed waters meeting 

all water quality standards, up from 

500 watersheds in 1998. 

In 2003, assure that States and Tribes 

have effective, up-to-date water 

qua lity standa rds programs adopted 

in accorda nce with the Water Quality 

Standards regul ation and the Wate r 

Quali ty Standards program priorities. 

In 2003, restore and protect estua ries 

through the implementation of 

Comprehensive ConseIVation and 

Management Plans (CCM Ps). 

I 
I 

• 

Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water 

In 2003, current NPDES pennits 

reduce or eliminate loadings into the 

nation's waters of ( 1) inadequately 

treated discharges from municipal 

and industrial faci lities (direct and 

indirect dischargers); and (2) 

pollutants from urban storm water, 

CSOs, and CAFOs. 

11-9 

• In 2003, 900 projects funded by the 

Clean Water SRF will initiate 

operations, including 515 projects 

providing secondary treatment, 

advanced treatment, CSO correc tion 

(treatment). and/or storm water 

treatment. Cumulatively, 8.800 

projects will have initiated 

operations since program inception. 

I 
I Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water 

Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water Key Programs 

(dollars ili/irollsUllds) 

Beach Grants 

Chesapeake Bay 

Congressiona lly Mandated I)rojccts 

Disadvantaged COllllllunities 

Drink ing Water Implementation 

Drinking Waler Regulations 

Ecosystems Cond ition. Protection and Restoration Research 

Emucn! Guidelines 

Faci lities Infrastructure and Operations 

Fish Cont3l11 in,nionlConsumption 

Great Lakes 

Cuffof ~' exico 

Homeland Security· 

Lake Champlain 

Legal Services 

Long Island Sound 

Management Services and Stewardship 

Marine Po llution 

National Estuaries Program/Coastal Watersheds 

N:ll ional Nonpoinl Source Program Implementation 

NPDES Program 

Pacific Northwest 

Preventing Contamination of Drinking Water Sources 

PWSS - Homeland Security 

Recreational Water and Wet Weather Flows Research 

Regional Management 

Safe Drinking Waler Research 

Safe Recreational Waters 

SoUlh Florida/Everglades 

Slate Nonpoint Source GmnlS 

11-1 0 

FY 2002 

~ 

510.000.0 

520.551.8 

54 18.5117.5 

$4.350.R 

538.332.9 

528597.4 

537,785.0 

$22.773.4 

536.666.1 

52,764. 11. 

52.671.0 

S4.261.6 

53.764. 1 

52.500.0 

57592.2 

52500.0 

$ lJ.958.3 

57.994.8 

$24521.3 

5 16.488.6 

540.991.1 

$ 1,()()3.8 

523.470.2 

50.0 

55,635.8 

51.280.9 

545.579.5 

5834.4 

52.648.3 

5237.476.8 

I 

FY 2003 

Presidenl's 

ue~ t 

510,000.0 

520.650.11 

$0.0 

54.481 .3 

53K935.0 

530.034.0 

538.592.9 

523.010.3 

5311.,093.3 

52,788.4 

52.684.7 

54.327.4 

516.946.5 

5954.8 

58.243.3 

5477.4 

$ 15,004 .2 

58. 170.7 

519.246.2 

$ 16,908.6 

S41.720.8 

5 1,028.5 

522,096.8 

55.000.0 

55,496.6 

51.250.4 

$49,491.0 

5842 .7 

52.665.5 

5238.476.8 
I Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water 

State Pollution Comrol Gnmts (Section 106) 

State PWSS Grants 

State Underground Injection Control Grants 

Slate Water Quality Cooperative Agreements 

513fC Wetlands Program Gr.mts 

TMDL~ 

Wastewater ManagcmcnllTech Innovations 

Water Infrastructure: Alaska Nati ve Villages 

Water Infrastructurc:Clcan Waler Stale Revolving Fund 'CWo SRF) 

Water InfraslnJclUrc: Drinking Water $II:IIC Rc \'o lving Fund IDW·SRFJ 

Water Quality Criteria and Standards 

Water Quality InfrastruClllre Protection 

Water Qunlit y Monitoring and Assessment 

Watershed Assist.mee 

Wet lands 

5192,476.9 $180.376.9 

593.100.2 593.100.2 

5 10.950.9 510,950.9 

5 18,958.2 538,951U 

514,967.0 514,967.0 

521.232.1 521.433.2 

58,840.1 59.073.7 

540,000.0 S40.000.0 

S 1.350.000.0 S 1.212.000.0 

5850.000.0 5850.000.0 

5 18,782.4 51 9. 127.2 

$16,783.8 517,239.2 

511.665.2 51 1.967.7 

57.821.6 59.479.1 

517.829.8 518.)8 1.') 

*FY 2002 does flot ineilide $175.6 million provided in the Emergency Slipplemental 

Appropriations Act./or Homeland SeCllrity. 

II-II 

I 

Goal 3: 

Safe Food 

I Goal 3: Safe Food I 

Strategic Goal: The foods Americans eat will be free from unsafe pesticide 

residues. Particular attention will be given to protecting sUb -populations that 

may be more suscepti ble to adverse effects of pesticides or have higher 

dietary exposures to pesticide residues. These include children and people 

whose diets include large amounts of nonconunercial foods. 

Resource Summary 

(dollars in (housonds) 

Sare Food 

Reduce Risks from Pesticide Residues in Food 

Eliminate Use on Food of Pesticides Not Meeting 

Standards 

Work years 

Means and Strategy 

The Age c~s strategy for accomplishing the 

objectives of Safe Food is based on fi ve 

pillars, four of which are in Goal 3 and one 

in Goal 4. Under Goal 3, the EPA is: 

• Assuring that new chemicals and 

new uses are registered 111 

accordance with the FQPA;s strict 

"standard, reasonable certainty of no 

harm," and that no harm will result 

to human health from all combined 

sources of exposure 10 pesticides 

(aggregate exposures); 

• Assuring that pesticide maxImum 

legally allowable tolerances for 

foods eaten by children are In 

conformance with FQPA 

requirements: 

111·\ 

• 

• 

FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2003 VS. 

Enacted Request FY 2002 

$109,071.7 $109,814.6 $742.9 

S47,007.0 $45,290.4 (5\ ,716.6) 

$62,064.7 564,524.2 $2,459.5 

777.5 770. 1 (7.4) 

Re-evaluating older, potenti all y 

higher-risk pesticides using the best 

currcnt scientific data and methods 

to determine whether additional 

limits on a pesticide;s use are needed 

10 provide rea sonabl e certainty of no 

harm, especiall y for children and 

other sensitive populations; and 

Expediting review and registration of 

alternative pesticides that are less 

risky than pesticides currently in use 

and may be substituted effectively 

for higher risk pesticides. 

In 2003, the Agency wi ll continue to 

promote accelerated registrations for 

pesticides that provide improved risk 

reduction or risk prevention compared to 

those currently on the market. Progressively 

replacing older, higher-risk pesticides is one 
I Goal 3: Safe Food 

of the most effective methods for curtailing 

adverse impact on heahh and the ecosystem 

while preserving food production rates. 

EPA uses its authorities to manage 

systematicall y the risks of pesticide 

exposures by establishing legally 

pennissible food-borne pesticide residue 

levels, or tolerances. EPA defines the legal 

use of pesticides, up to and including the 

elimination of pesticides that present a 

danger to human health and the 

envirorunent. This task involves a 

comprehensive review of existing pesticide 

use as stipulated by the reregistration 

provision, as well as a comprehensive 

reassessment and update of existing 

tolerances within ten years, as required by 

FQPA. 

The 2003 request emphasizes efforts 

to evaluate existing tolerances for currently 

registered pesticides to ensure they meet the 

new Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) 

health standards. This tolerance 

reassessment program screens and requires 

testing of certain pesticides and chemicals to 

evaluate their potential for disrupting 

endocrine systems in animal<; or in humans . 

The emphasis will be on balancing the need 

for pesticides with the risks of exposure, and 

allowing for smooth transitions to safer 

pesticide alternatives, through an open and 

transparent process that seeks input from all 

stakeholders. 

EPA uses the latest scientific 

advances in health-risk assessment practices, 

to ensure that current pesticides meet the 

standard of a reasonable certainty of no 

harm, as stipulated by FQPA. This includes 

the incorporation of new scientific data 

relating to the effects of endocrine 

disruption and the special needs of 

111-2 

susceptible populations such as children and 

Native Americans. 

Adoption of biotechnology has great 

potential to reduce reliance on some older, 

more risky chemical pesticides, and to lower 

worker risks. For example, the use of St 

cotton has affected the use of other 

insecticides which present higher risk to 

wildlife. According to the reported number 

of insecticide treatments per planted acre of 

cotton, use of insecticides labeled either 

toxic or extremely toxic to wildlife has 

undergone significant reduction since 1995, 

the extremely toxic pesticides decreasing 

from 1.6 to 0.5 acre treatments, a 68% 

reduction. (See chart.) 

c ... .,.. "'HCIi< .... ~ .. 

, ....... '""'e. ,0 O"" 'M ..1 .. ,/1. 

"r--------,....,= "'"~,_ --"'-""'" --.,.>< ,,~ ... --... -,,,,~ 

/ 

r~~~ .. --===~~ 

." 

Outreach activities on the subject of 

biotechnology such as public meetings and 

scientifi c peer reviews of our policies and 

assessments are likely to be expanded to 

keep pace with changing science and the 

public's demand for information in this area. 

EPA is working closely with other federal 

agencies involved in biotechnology and is 

also active ly involved III developing 

international standards for the regulation of 

biotechnology products. Specific activities 

I 
I Goal 3: Safe Food 

In 2003 will include advancing scientific 

knowledge of allergcnicity (i.e.human 

allergic reactions to pesticide residlrs); 

continued implementation of the plant 

incorporated proteetanl rule, which defines 

the type of substances used in bioengineered 

plants that must undergo scientific 

evaluation by the Agency; and participating 

In the Codex Ad Hoc Intergovernmental 

Task Force on Food Derived from 

Biotechnology. The Task force is involved 

10 developing international standards 

governmg foods derived from 

biotechnology. 

Use of biotechnology to modify 

plants so that they resist harmful insects or 

the effects of herbicides is likely to attract 

continued public scrutiny, particularly on 

Issues such as allergenicity and gene 

transfer. Biotechnology IS becoming 

increasingly more important in our economy 

with bioengineered plants accounting for a 

large r share of acres planted than ever 

before in the United States. For example, in 

1996, Herbicide Resistant (HT) Soybeans 

accounted for onl y 8% of the total U.S. acres 

planted in soybeans. In 2000, HT Soybeans 

accounted for 53% of the acres planted (see 

chart). 

'" 

Adoption of Genetically Modified Plant 

Incorporated Protectant Crops 

United Stlltes. 99~ - 2UUO (percent of IIcres) 

* liT C .. non 

...... 01111 Con .. n 

1995 1996 1991 1998 1999 1000 

111-3 

While certain issues remam to be 

addressed, among the potential benefits of 

biotechnology is a reduction of our reliance 

on some older, more risky chemical 

pesticides, thereby reducing worker 

exposure to these chemical pesticides. To 

ensure the safety of foods derived from 

biotechnology, EPA will continue to seek 

outside expert scientific advice through 

scientifi c peer reviews on our regulatory 

decisions, poli cies, methods and tools. 

New registration actions result in 

more pesticides on the market that meet the 

strict FQPA pesticide risk-based standards, 

which brings the Agency closer to the 

objective of reducing adverse risks from 

pesticide use. Tolerance reassessments may 

mean mandatory use changes because a 

revision in the allowable residue levels can 

involve changes in pesticide application 

patterns, changes in the foods the pesti cides 

may be appli ed to, and other risk 

management methods. As measured by the 

number of tolerances that have been 

reassessed, the Agency's progress in the 

tolerance reassessment program directly 

serves the objective of reducing the use on 

food of pesticides that do not meet the new 

standards. 

In addition to setting the 

requirements for continued legal use of 

agricultural pesticides, EPA works in 

partnership with USDA, FDA and the States 

toward the broader effort to prevent the 

misuse of pesticides. In the ever changing 

environment of pesticide use, accessibility to 

infonna tion is a primary component of an 

effective strategy to infonn the public on the 

appropriate, safe use of pesticides to 

minimize risk. 

I 
I Goal 3: Safe Food 

More information about EPA's food 

safety efforts is ava ilable on the Agency's 

website at ha p:llwww.epa.g,ov/pesticides. 

Research 

Current approaches to human health 

risk assessment focus on single peslicides 

and do not adequate ly account for 

cumul ati ve risks arising from complex 

exposure patterns and human variability due 

to age, gender, pre-existing disea se, health 

and nutritional status, and geneti c 

predisposition. Existing tools for controlling 

and preventing exposure are limited 10 

certain processes and materi als. 

To support the Food Quality 

Protection Act (FQPA), EPA must develop 

the tools (methods, models, approaches) and 

quality exposure data for characteri zing 

aggregate risks from exposure to pesticides 

in ord.er to reduce unce rtainty in risk 

assessments. The FQPA identifies clear 

science needs, including the evaluation of all 

potential routes and pathways of exposures 

to pesticides, and resulting health effects, 

particul arl y for sensiti ve sUbpopulations and 

considering effe cts from cumulative 

exposures. 

EPA's research program will 

continue to focus on: I) developing and 

validating methods to identify and 

characterize, as well as models to predict, 

the potential increased susceptibility to 

human health effects experi enced by infa nts 

and children; 2) identifying and 

understanding major exposure routes, 

pathways, and processes, and developing 

theoretical and experimenta ll y based 

multipathway exposure models for 

pesticides and other toxic substances; and 3) 

addressing the adeq uacy of current risk 

1IJ-4 

assessment methods and providing the 

necessary risk assessment guidance. 

Highlights 

Reduce Public Health Risk from Pesticide 

Residues 

FFDCA and FIFRA authori ze EPA 

to set terms and conditions of pesti cide 

registration, marketing and use. EPA will 

use these authoriti es to reduce residues of 

pesticides with the highest potenti al to cause 

cancer or neurotoxic effects, including those 

which pose particular risks to children and 

other susceptible populations. All new 

pesti cides, including food/feed- use 

pesti cides are registered after an extensive 

review and evaluation of human health and 

ecosystem studies and data, applying the 

most recent scientific advances in risk 

assessment. The Registration program 

includes registration activities, such as 

setting tolerances, registering new acti ve 

ingredi ents, new uses, and handling 

experimental use permits and emergency 

exemptions. 

In 2003, the Agency will continue its 

efforts to decrease the risk the public faces 

from agri cultural pesticides through the 

regul atory review of new pesticides, 

including reduced risk pesti cides and 

biopesticides. EPA expedites the 

registration of reduced risk pesticides, which 

are generally presumed to pose lower risks 

to consumers, lower risks to agricultural 

workers, and lower risk to the earth 's ozone 

layer, groundwater, aquatic organisms or 

wildlife. These accelerated pestic ide 

reviews provide an incentive for industry to 

develop, register, and use lower risk 

pesticides. Additiona ll y. the avail ability of 

these reduced risk pesticides provides 

I 
I Goal 3: Safe Food 

alternatives to older, potentiall y more 

hannfll! products currentl y on the market. 

Reduce Use on Food of Pesticides Not 

Meeting Current Standards 

In FY 2003, the Agency will 

continue its review of older pesticides am 

move forward toward its ten year statutory 

deadline of reassessing all 9,72 1 tolerances, 

reassessing a cumulative 66 percent of those 

tolerances by August 2002 as it tracks 

towards achieving the goal of a cumulative 

100 percent by August 2006. The Agercy 

will also continue to develop tools to screen 

pesti cides for their potentia l to disru pt the 

endocrine system. In 2003, EPA will work 

toward completing 17 Reregistration 

Eligibility Decisions (REDs), 750 product 

reregistrations and 225 tolerance 

reassessments. 

The tolerance reassessment process 

addresses the highest-risk pesticides first. 

Using data surveys conducted by the USDA, 

the FDA and other sources, EPA has 

identified a group of " top 20" foods 

consumed by children and matched those 

with the tole ra nee reassessments required 

for pesti cides used on those foods. The 

Agency has begun to track its progress in 

determining appropriate tolerances for these 

pestic ides under the new FQ PA standards. 

In 2003, EPA wi ll continue its effort to 

red uce dietary risks to children, by 

completing approximately a c umulati ve 75 

percent of these tolerances of spec ial 

cOllcem . 

Two widely used groups of 

pesticides, organophosphates and 

carbamates, are believed to pose higher 

risks, particularl y to children. Curtai ling or 

restricting the use of these pesticides will 

significantly change current famling 

111-5 

practices that have relied upon them, by 

adopti ng integrated pest management 

strategies tha t draw on cultural, biological, 

and mechanica l techniques as well as 

chemical. With new strategies comes a 

steep learning curve on how to use them 

e ffcctively. This transition requires broad 

input and parti cipation by stakeholders to 

minimize adve rse. unintended consequences 

on agri culture. To achieve input, EPA 

developed a special process for its 

stakeholder for addressing data analysis and 

regulatory requirements. protocols, and 

scientific and public review as the Agency 

continues to reduce risks posed by these 

pesticides through regulatory acti ons. The 

Agency will continue this important 

dia logue with stakeholders as we protect 

human health and the environment by 

assessing risks of other groups of pesticides. 

EPA's authority to coll ect 

Reregistration Maintenance Fees expires at 

the end of FY 2002 under the 2002 

appropriations bill for the Agency. The 

2003 request substitutes appropriated funds 

for fees to fund the reregistration program. 

The appropriated dollars for this we re 

reprogrammed from the tolerance 

assessment program which will be funded 

by fee revenue starting in March 2003. 

The Reregistration program was 

accelerated by the 1988 amendments to 

FIFRA and enhanced by FQPA, which 

includes a tolerance reassessment 

requirement. Through the Reregistration 

program, EPA reviews pestic ides c urrently 

on the market to ensure they meet the latest 

health standards. Pesticides not in 

compliance with the new standards will be 

eliminated or restri cted in order to minimize 

potentially harmfu l exposure. The issuance 

of a Reregistration Eligi bility Decision 

(RED) for a pesticide under reregistration 

I 
I Goal 3: Safe Food 

review summarizes the health and 

environmental effects findings of that 

pesticide and determines whether existing 

tolerances protect human health and the 

environment. The findings delennine 

whether the products registered under this 

chemical are eligible for reregistration. The 

Agency's progress in achieving goals for 

production of REDs and its tolerance 

reassessment component are summarized in 

the chart. 

FQPA added considerably morc 

complexity into the pesticide reregistration 

process lengthening the "front end" of 

reregistration. These requirements include 

considering aggregate exposure and 

cumulative risk in O Uf risk assessments, 

implementing new processes to increase 

involvement of pesticide users and other 

stakeholders, and ensuring a reasonable 

opportunity for agriculture to make the 

transition to new, safer pest control tools and 

practices. Over the longer run, these 

changes will enhance protection of human 

health and the environment. 

Pesticide reregistration is a statutory 

requirement under the 1988 amendments to 

FIFRA. Under the law, a ll pesticides 

registered prior to November 1984 must be 

reviewed to ensure that they meet current 

health and safety standards. The 1996 Food 

Quality Protection Act requires the 

reassessment of pesticide tolerances by 

2006. Many pesti cides must be revi ewed 

under both statutes. 

The program has been working to 

integrate new FQPA requirements with the 

reregistration program to avoid duplication 

and increase efficiency. Implementing 

FQPA has also consumed time and effort as 

the techni cal chall enge posed by 

reregistration of older pesticides has been 

111-6 

increased by the health and safety 

enhancements of FQPA, including: 

• Review of inert ingredients; 

• Reform of the antimicrobial review 

process; 

• Traffiparency of our regulatory 

decisions; 

• Incorporation of aggregate and 

cumulative risk into our reviews; 

• Specia l protection for infants and 

children; and 

• Endocrine screening of pesticides, 

minor use enhancements and reduced 

risk registration emphasis. 

These and other additional 

requirements required that the Agency 

revise, in some cases overhaul, its existing 

policies, procedures, process, and databases. 

The Agency also needed to consider a 

reasonable transition to FQPA for 

agriculture, and thus a substa ntive 

stakeholder part ic ipation process had to be 

developed for input from those affected. All 

these considerations resulted Ifl the 

temporary slow-down of the program. 

By the end of FY 2003, EPA expects 

to have implemented EPA 's SCience 

policies, including the cumulative risk 

policy, to meet the terryear tolerance 

reassessment deadline. As required by 

FQPA, EPA has developed a tol erance fee 

rul e that recovers from pesticide 

manufacturers the full cost of setting and 

reevaluating pesticide tolerances on food. 

Additionally, to meet another FQPA 

need, EPA is developing a process for 

periodic review of pesticide registrations. 

This new program will update all pesti cide 

registrations using current health standards, 

scientific data, risk assessment 

methodologies, program policies and 

I 
I Goal3: Safe Food 

effective risk reduction measures. In 2003, 

the Agency will continue deve loping and 

refining the framework for the registration 

review program and issue the fina l 

regulation for the program. 

In FY 2003, EPA's research program 

wi ll continue to develop pestic ides exposure 

and effects data, risk assessment methods 

and models for children, and control 

technologies needed to comply with the 

requirements of Food Quality Protection Ac t 

both long· term exposures and multiple aClle 

exposures. Rjsk assessment resea rch will 

continue to compare pesticide exposures 

across age groups, identify factors leading to 

higher exposures, and analyze data to 

improve the evaluation of exposure factors 

for pesticide risk assessment. Results will 

support risk assessments under FQPA and 

the development of Agency guide li nes for 

cumu lative risk assessment through the EPA 

Risk Assessment Forum (ERA F). Risk 

management resea rch will evaluate 

characteristi cs of commonly used pesticides 

or pesticides of particular concern to 

dctennine which chemicals should be 

targeted for development of risk 

management tools. 

2003 Annual Performance Goals 

• In 2003, decrease adverse risk from 

agricultura l uses from 1995 levels 

and assure that new pesticides that 

enter the market are safe for humans 

and the environment, through 

ensuring that all registration action 

are timely and comply with 

standards mandated by law. 

111 -7 

(FQPA) effectively engagmg all 

components of the risk paradigm. 

Specifica ll y, exposure research will 

address major exposure data gaps, 

distributions of key exposure factors 

(especially across age groups for children 

and exposures for other susceptible sub -

populations), and uncertainties associa ted 

with the exposure assessment requirements 

for FQPA. Health effects research will a lso 

develop methods to evaluate the effects of 

cumulative exposures to pesticides and toxic 

chemicals, including: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

In 2003, occurrence of residues of 

carcinogenic and cholinesterase 

inhibiting neurotoxic pesticides on 

food s eaten by children will have 

decreased by 20 percent (cumulative) 

from their average 1994 to 1996 

levels. 

In 2003, at least six percent of acretreatments will use applications of 

reduced risk pesticides. 

In 2003, assure that pesticides active 

ingredients registered prior to 1984 

and the products that contai n them 

are reviewed to assure adequate 

protection for human health and the 

environment. Also consider the 

unique exposure scenarios such as 

subsistence lifestyles of Native 

Americans in regulatory decisions. 

By the end of 2003 EPA will 

reassess a cumulative 68% of the 

9,72 1 pesticide tolerances required to 

be reassessed over ten years and 

complete reassessment of a 

cumualtive 75% of tolerances of 

specia l concern in protecting the 

health of chi ldren 

I 
I Goal 3: Safe Food 

Goal 3: Safe food Key Programs 

(dollars ill rholls{J//(is) 

Endocrine Disruplor Screening Program 

Facil ities Infrastructure and Operations 

Homeland Sec urilY· 

Legal Services 

Management Services and Stewardship 

Pestic ide Registration 

Pesticide Reregistration 

Pesticide Residue Toler,mec Reassessments 

Research to Suppon FQP A 

Safe Pestic ide Appliclitio ns 

Science Coordination and Po lic 

FY 2002 

E1l3C1!td 

$5.249. 1 

$9.300.4 

$ 14.0 

$ 1.453.2 

$ 1.435.5 

$3 1.832.4 

$33,397.8 

$ 14.671.8 

511.377.4 

525.0 

$3 15. 1 

FY 2003 

President's 

B!<sU!!.:sl 

55.360.4 

59,616.6 

$0.0 

$ 1.560.8 

S 1.275.2 

$30.882.2 

$44.265.8 

$5.267.9 

$10.821.3 

$0.0 

$764.4 

*FY 2002 does not include S 175.6 million provided in the EmergellC.Y Supplemental 

Apprupriations Act/or Homeland SeclIrity. 

III- 8 

I 
Goal 4: 

Preventing Pollution and 

Reducing Risk in 

Communities, Homes, 

Workplaces, 

and Ecosystems 

Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities, 

Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems 

Strategic Goal: Pollution prevention and risk management strategies 

aimed at eliminating. reducing, or minimizing emissions and contamination 

will result in cleaner and safer envirorunents in which all Americans can 

reside, work. and enjoy Ii fe. EPA will safeguard ecosystems and promote 

the health of natural communities that are integral to the quality of life in 

this nation. 

Resource Summary 

(dollars in tIIOU.'tQllds) 

Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in 

Communities, Homes, Workplaces, and 

Ecosystems 

Reduce Public and Ecosystem Risk from Pesticides 

FY 2002 

Enacted 

FY 2003 

Request 

$319,915.1 $326,651.9 

$55,543.9 $55,409.8 

FY 2003 o 

FY 2002 

$6,736.8 

($ 134.1) 

Reduce Risks from Lead and Other Toxic Chemicals $36,273.5 $36,355.9 $82.4 

Manage New Chemical Introduction and Screen 

Existing Chemicals for Risk 

Ensure Healthier Indoor Air 

Facilitate Prevention, Reduction and Recycling of 

PBTs and Toxic Chemicals 

Assess Conditions in Indian Country 

Workyears 

Means and Strategy 

The diversity and sensitivity of 

America's environments (communities, 

homes, workplaces and ecosystems) requires 

EPA to adopt a multi- faceted approach to 

IV·I 

$74,235.6 $77,538.2 $3,302.6 

$39,670. 1 $40,322.7 $652.6 

$48,755.4 $46,115.9 ($2,639.5) 

$65,436.6 $70,909.4 $5,472.8 

1,204.9 1,193.9 ( 11.0) 

protecting the public from the threats posed 

by pesticides, toxic chemicals and other 

pollutants. The underlying principle of the 

activities in this goal is the application of 

pollution prevention practices, which can be 

cheaper and smarter than cleanup and 
Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities. 

Homes. Workplaces and Ecosystems 

remediation, as evidenced by the high cost 

of Superfund, Resource Conservation and 

Recovery Act (Re RA), and Polychlorinated 

Biphenyls (PCB) cleanups. Pollution 

Prevention (P2) involves changing the 

behavior of those that cause the pollution 

and fostering the wider use of preventive 

practi ces as a means to achieve effective, 

sustainable results. 

Under this Goal, EPA ensures that 

pesticides and their application methods do 

not present unreasonabl e risks to human 

health, the environment, and ecosystems. In 

addition to the array of risk-management 

measures specified in the registration 

authoriti es under the Federal Insecticide, 

Fungicide. and Rodentcide Act (FI FRA) for 

individual pesticide ingredients, EPA has 

specific programs to foster worker and 

pestic ide-user safety. !,'Tound- water 

protection, and the safe use of pesti cides and 

other pest control methods. These programs 

work to ensure the comprehensive 

protection of the environment and wildlife, 

endangered species in particular, and to 

red uce the contribution of pesticides to 

ecological threats such as pollutant loading 

in select geographic areas. EPA is also 

addressi ng emergmg threats such as 

endoc rine disruptors by developing and 

implementing new screening technologies to 

assess a chemical 's impact on hormonal 

acti vity. 

Within the pesticide program, EPA 

pursues a variety of fi eld activities at the 

regional, state, Tribal and local levels, 

including the promotio n of pesticide 

environmental stewardshi p and Integrated 

Pest Management (IPM). States and Tribes 

are vital partners in our work to implement 

FQPA. Newer lab equipment will assist 

States enforcement of new FQPA standards. 

IV-2 

The voluntary partnerships and o utreach 

programs that help farmers transition away 

from the riskier products are often catalyzed 

by state participation. These programs, 

combined with the availability of newer and 

safer pesticides, are having a real impact. In 

2003 we expect at least 6 percent of acretreatments will use applicati ons of reducedrisk pestic ides. We are seeing a reduction in 

wildli fe impacts from pesticides as we ll , and 

in 2003 we proj ect an additional 10 percent 

reduction in reported incidents of wildlife 

mortalities, from the 1995 level (for a 

cumulative 20 percent). That means fewe r 

bird casualties, and fewer fish kills. The 

accumulation of these improvements will 

mean safer food, improved biodiversity, and 

a cleaner environment. 

The Agency rema ins committed to 

safeguardi ng our Nation's communities, 

homes, workplaces and ecosystems. 

Preventing pollution through regulatory, 

voluntary, and partnership actions 

educating and changing the behavior of the 

public - is a sensible and effective 

approach to sustainable development while 

protecting our nation 's health. Two groups 

with signifi cant potential to effect 

environmental change are industry and 

academia. The Agency has successfully 

pursued a number of poll ution preve Iltion 

programs with both of these groups. 

Likewise, improved understanding of the 

potential risks to health from airbome toxic 

chemicals present indoors will strengthen 

our ability to reduce residents' exposure 

through voluntary changes in behavior and 

through potential product re fonnulat ion. 

Preventing pollution through 

partnerships is also central to EPA's 

Chemi cal Right-to-Know Program 

(ChemRTK) which has already started 
Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities, 

Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems 

providi ng the public with information on the 

basic hea lth and environmenlal effects of the 

2,800 highest production volume (HPV) 

chemicals in the United States (chemicals 

manufactured in or imported into the U.S. in 

quantities of at least 1 million pounds), 

Most residents come into dail y contact with 

many of these chemicals, yet re latively little 

is known about their potential impacts. 

Ge tting basic hazard testing information on 

large volume chemi ca ls is the focus of the 

"HPV Chall enge Program," a voluntary 

program challenging industry to develop 

chemical hazard data that are critical to 

enable EPA, State, Tribes, and the public to 

sc reen chemicals already in commerce for 

any risks they may be posing. 

Children's heahh remai ns a strong 

focus of the indoor environments program. 

Efforts in FY 2003 will target reductions in 

the presence of indoor triggers of asthma, 

such as environmental tobacco smoke and 

biological contaminants, by continuing to 

educate the public about the disease and 

about the steps they can take to reduce the 

severity and frequency of asthma attacks. 

Voluntary work will be undertaken by 

schools to empower their stwents to manage 

their asthma symptoms better, by school 

personnel to Improve the indoor 

environments of their schools, and by health 

care personnel to incorporate education 

about managmg environmental asthma 

triggers into ast hma treatment plans for their 

patients. EPA will continue to work toward 

bottom line results to reduce risk and 

Improve indoor a ir quality through 

implementation of the Indoor Air Quality 

(IAQ) "Tools for Schools" kit and schoolsbased asthma education programs such as 

the "Open Airways" program in elementary 

schools. EPA will also continue work in the 

radon area primarily through the State 

IV-3 

Indoor Radon Grant Program where EPA 

provides assistance to the States for the 

development and implementation of 

programs to assess and mitigate radon to 

enhance the effectiveness of state and local 

activities for radon risk management and 

reduction. 

Also centra l to the Agency's work 

under this goal in FY 2003 will be continued 

attention to reducing potential risk from 

persistent, bioaccumulative arrl highl y toxic 

chemicals (PBTs) and from chemicals that 

have endocrine disruption effects. PBT 

chemica ls are of particular concern not onl y 

because they are tox ic but a lso because they 

may remain in the enviromnent for a lo ng 

peri od of time , are not readil y destroyed, 

and may build up or accumulate to high 

concentrations in plant o r animal tissue. In 

cases involving mercury and PCBs, they 

may accumulate in human tissue. EPA is 

also taking the initia l steps to address the 

potential threat of endocrine disrupting 

chemicals on the health of humans and 

wildlife. Work focuses on developing and 

validating new chemical screens and tests to 

isolate those chemicals and characteri ze the 

threat. 

EPA programs under this Goal have 

many indirect effects that signifi cantly 

augment the stream of benefits they provide. 

For example, each year the Toxic 

Substances Control Act (TSCA) New 

Chemicals program reviews and manages 

the potential risks from approx imately 1,800 

new chemicals and 40 products of 

biotechnology that enter the marketplace. 

This new chemical review process not o nl y 

protects the public from the possible 

immediate threats of hannful chemica ls, like 

PCBs, from entering the marketplace, but it 

has also contributed to changing the 
Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities. 

Homes. Workplaces and Ecosystems 

behavior of the chemical industry, making 

industry more aware and responsible for the 

impact these chemicals have on human 

health and the environment. This awareness 

has led industry to produce safer "greener" 

alternative chemicals and pesticides. Under 

the Pollution Prevention Framework, the 

Agency recently started providing industry 

training in the use of the same tools that 

EPA uses to assess new chemicals, enabling 

companies to make smarter choices at earlier 

stages in their de sign process, reducing 

govenunent costs, and hastening the entry of 

safer new products into the marketplace. 

The Design for the Environment 

(OtE), Green Chemistry Program and Green 

Engineering (OE) build on and expand new 

chemistry efforts. They target industry and 

academia to maximize pollution prevention. 

Our DfE Program forms partnerships with 

industry to find sensible solutions to prevent 

pollution. In one example, taking a sector 

approach, EPA has worked with the 

electronics industry 10 reduce the use of 

formaldehyde and other toxic chemicals in 

the mmufacture of printed wiring boards. 

Our Green Chemistry Program also forms 

partnerships with industry and the scientific 

community to find economically viable 

technical solutions to prevent pollution. In 

addition, the Green Engineering Program 

works with the American Society of 

Engineering Education (ASEE) to 

incorporate GE approachcs into engineering 

curricula. 

In seve ral cases, achieving the 

strategic objectives under this goa l is a 

shared responsibility with other federal, state 

and Tribal partners. For example, EPA 's 

role in reducing the levels of childrens lead 

exposure involves promotion of federalstate-Tribe partnerships to decrease the 

IV-4 

number of specific sources of lead to 

children, primarily from addressing leadbased paint hazards. These partnershi ps 

emphasize development of a professional 

infrastructure to identify, manage and abate 

lead-based paint hazards, as we ll as publi c 

education and empowennent strategies, 

which fit into companion Federal efforts 

with Department of Health and Human 

Services (HHS), Department of Defense 

(DOD), Department of Energy (DOE), 

Department of Justice (DOJ), Centers for 

Disease Control (CDC), and Department of 

Housing and Urban Development (HUD). 

These combined efforts help to monitor lead 

levels in the environment, with the intent of 

virtually eliminating lead pOisomng 111 

children. 

Intrinsic to the effort to prevent 

pollution IS the minimization of the 

quantities of waste generated by the public, 

industry, government agenci es, and 

hazardous-waste management operations. 

Strategies range from fostering mate rials 

reuse and recycling and other resourcerecovery processes to broad-based 

campaigns to re-engineer the consumption 

and use of raw materials or personal 

conservation of resources. Effective and 

sustainable programs reduce the need for 

storage, treatment or disposal of hazardous 

or municipal wastes, while reducing costs to 

industry and municipalities. 

In FY 2003, EPA's waste 

management program will 1I1crease 

consumer and individual awareness of 

environmental Issues by focusing on an 

environmental retail theme. This will 

emphasize a retail outreach approach 

targeted at consumers and households. 

EPA's environmental retail theme promotes 

better environmental decision-making, 
Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities. 

Homes. Workplaces and Ecosystems 

greater interest in the environment, and 

environmental stewardship on the 

manufacturing level. 

Since this Goal focuses on how the 

public lives in communities, it features the 

Agency's commitment of fulfilling its 

responsibility for assuring human health and 

promoting environmenta l protection in 

Indian Country. EPA's policy is to work 

with Tribes on a government-Ie-government 

basis that affinns the vital trust 

responsibility that EPA has with 572 Tribal 

governments and remain cognizant of the 

Nation's interest in conserving the cultural 

uses of natural resources. 

Research 

Currently, there arc significant gaps 

with rega rd to the understa nding o f actua l 

human and ecological exposures to 

pestic ides and toxic substances. To address 

those data gaps, this research will provide a 

strategic frame work for developing an 

integrated suite of tools and models that will 

enhance EPA's procedures for assessing the 

risks to human hea lth and ecological 

systems assoc iated with commercia l 

chemicals, microorganisms, and genetica ll y 

modified organisms. 

Highlights 

EPA seeks to prevent poll utio n at the 

source as the first choice in managing 

enviro nmental risks to humans and 

ecosystems. Where pollution prevention at 

the source is not a viable alternati ve, the 

Agency will employ risk management and 

cost effecti ve remediatio n strategies. 

Reducing pollution at the source will be 

carried o ut using a muhi- media approach in 

the followi ng enviro nmenta l problem areas: 

IV-5 

Reduce Public and Ecmystem Risks from 

Pesticides 

Reducing risk from exposure to 

pesticides requires a multi- faceted approach. 

Beyond being exposed thro ugh the food we 

eat, the general public, applicators, and farm 

workers may be exposed to pesticides 

through direct handl ing, groundwater 

contamination or aerial spray. One intent of 

the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) is 

to protect the public by shi fti ng the nation 

towa rd reduced risk pestic ides and safe r 

pesticide use. Appropriate transition 

strategies to reduced risk pesticides are 

important to the nation to avoid disruption 

of food supply or sooden changes in the 

market that could result from abruptl y 

tenninating the use of a pesti cide before 

well-targeted reduced risk equival ents can 

be identified and made avail able. In 2003, 

the initiative will continue efforts to reach 

more farmers, and grower groups, encourage 

them to adopt safer pesticides, use 

environmenta l stewardship and integrated 

pest management practices, and adopt a 

"whole fann" approach to environmental 

protection. Through these partnership 

programs the Agency has become more 

aware of the multiple pressures o n our 

nation's agricultura l industry and the 

illleraction of the various environmenlal 

requirements that affect it. In 2003, the 

strategic agri cultural partnership program 

will be expanded to explore policy and 

process improvcrrents that more fu ll y 

integrate EPA's water, air and pestic ides 

programs' work with the agricultural 

industry. 

In 2003, the Agency will increase 

funding by almost 50% to strengthen state 

capacity In the pesticides program 

impl ementation to meet the growmg 
Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities, 

Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems 

challenges of FQPA, as we ll as providing 

mult~year funding devoted specifically to 

Improvmg state laboratory capacity. 

Additionally, through the Certification and 

Training (C&T) and Worker Protection 

(WP) programs, EPA will continue training 

and educating fann workers and employers 

on worker safety practices and the dangers 

of pesticides. EPA will continue to protect 

the Nation's ecosystems and reduce adverse 

impacts to endangered species through 

various regulatory and voluntary programs, 

including the Pesticide Environmental 

Stewardship Program (PESP) and integrated 

pest management (IPM). The Agency wi ll 

emphasize efforts with OUT Tribal partners to 

address pesticide issues and enhance the 

development of Triba l technical capacity, 

particularly in the areas of risk management, 

worker safety, tra ining, and pollution 

prevention. 

Together, the WP and the C&T 

programs address issues of safe pesticide use 

and pesticide exposure . These programs 

emphasize safeguarding workers and other 

pesticide users from occupational exposure 

to pesticides by providing training for 

workers, employers, and pestic ide 

appl icators and handl ers. Training and 

certification of applicators of restricted use 

pesticides further ensures that workers and 

other vulnerable groups are jl"otected from 

undue pesticide exposure and risk. 

Recertification requirements keep their 

knowledge current with label changes. 

application imp rovements, availability of 

new pesticides a nd other pesticide re lated 

issues. The Endangered Species program 

will enlist the support of the agric ultura l 

community and other interested groups to 

protect wildlife and ·cri tical habitats from 

pesticides. This voluntary program is 

carried out through communications and 

outreach efforts and in coordination with 

other federal agencies. The Pesticide 

Environmental Stewardship Program 

(PESP) and Integrated Pest Management 

(lPM) play pivotal roles in moving the 

nation to the use of safe pest control 

methods, including reduced risk pesticides. 

These closely rela ted programs promote risk 

reduction through collaborative efforts with 

stakeholders to use safer alternatives to 

traditional chemi cal methods of pest control. 

Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Members 

Rigtlts of Way/Electric I 

"'."" 

142% 

LaooscapingITurf (includes golf 

9.2% :~:;:;;;~_ Government/Municipal ities (If I 

10.0% 

IV- 6 

Growers/food Crops 

32.5% 

Food Processors 

' .2% 

10,0% 
Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities. 

Homes. Workplaces and Ecosystems 

Antimicrobia l sterilants and 

disinfectants are used to kill microorganisms 

on surfaces and objects in hospitals, schools, 

restaurants and homes. Antimicrobials 

require appropriate labeling and handling to 

ensure safety and efficac y_ EPA remains 

focused on accurate product labeling and 

product efficacy and meeting other 

requirements for antimicrobial sterilants set 

fonh by FQPA, as well as the reregistration 

of older antimicrobials to ensure they meet 

loday's standards. 

Reduce Risks from Lead and Other Toxic 

Chemicals 

EPA is part of the Federal effort to 

address lead poisoning and elevated blood 

levels in children by assisting in, and in 

some cases guiding, federal activities aimed 

at reducing the exposure of children in 

homes with lead· based paint. During FY 

2003, EPA will continue implementing its 

comprehensi ve program to reduce the 

incidence of lead poisoning and elevated 

blood levels in children nationwide. 

In 2003, EPA will continue the Lead 

Based Paint Training & Certification 

Program in all fifty States through EPA 

authorized state, territorial or Tribal 

programs or, in States and territories without 

EPA authorization, through direct 

implementation by the Agency. By the end 

of 2003, we expect to have provided the 

nation with more than 6,000 individuals and 

firms fonnally certifi ed in properly abating 

lead paint hazards. In the lead regulatory 

program, EPA will finalize one major rule 

on training and ce rtification for re novation 

and remodeling activities. We will also be 

working to finali ze a major rule setting 

standard for deleading of buildings and 

IV-7 

stnlc tures, which will be proposed late tn 

2002. 

EPA will continue to implement the 

new Lead Hazards Standards Rule (fina li zed 

in 200 I), the Lead Renovati on Information 

Rul e and the Rea l Estate Notificati on & 

Disclosure Rule. EPA is work ing with other 

Federal Agenc ies including Department of 

Health and Human Serviced (HHS), 

Department of Housing and Urban 

Development (HUD). Department of 

Defense (DOD), Department of Energy 

(DOE), Consumer Product Safety 

Commission (CPSC), and Department of 

Justice (DOJ) on implementing a Federal 

Strategy to virtually eliminate lead 

poisoning. 

For other chemi cals whose 

significant risks are well established (such as 

PCBs, asbestos, and dioxin), reductions in 

use and releases are important to reducing 

exposure of the general population as well 

·as sensitive SUb-popUlations. In FY 2003, 

EPA's PCB control efforts will encourage 

phase·out of PCB electrica l equipment, 

ensuring proper waste disposal methods and 

capacity, and fostering PCB site cleanups. 

660,000,000 Kg of bulk PCB-contaminate 

waste will be safely disposed of in 2003. 

The Agency will continue assessing dioxin 

risks, including identifying and quantifying 

the link between dioxin sources and the 

general population exposure, and 

deve lopment of a plans to develop an dioxin 

strategy to respond to the latest science and 

address dioxin risk management in a more 

comprehensive cross· media approach. 
Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities, 

Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems 

Manage New Chemical Introduction and 

Screen Existing Chemicals lor Risk 

Under TSCA, EPA identifies and 

controls unreasonable risks associated with 

chemicals. The chemical right-la-know 

program addresses a critical gap in the 

nation's knowledge about the health and 

environmental hazards of high production 

volume chemica ls (HPVs). EPA is working 

with industry to put infannation about those 

chemicals into the hands of the public so 

they can make better and more infonned 

consumer choices. 

EPA's Chemical Right-to-K;10W 

Initiative (ChemRTK) has already started 

providing the public with infonnation on the 

basic hea lth and environmenta l effects of the 

2,800 highest production volume (HPV) 

chemicals in the United States (chemicals 

manufactured in or imported into the U.S. in 

quantities of at least I million pounds). 

Industry response to the HPV Challenge has 

been overwhelming: more than 460 

compames ha ve voluntarily committed 

themselves to providing EPA with test data 

for 2, 155 chemi ca ls and 187 chemical 

categories of the 2,800 HPV chemicals. 

EPA has already commenced its review and 

public posting of these company 

submissions. By the end of FY 2002, the 

Agency expects to have posted test data 

covering 8% of the HPV chemicals. EPA is 

requesting additional resources for the 

ChemRTK program in FY 2003 to bolster 

our ability to keep pace with the pending 

increase of industry data submissions. 

These additiona l resources will make it 

possiM:' for EPA to nearly double the 

amount of publicly ava il able HPV chemica l 

test data, increasing the cumulative number 

of chemical data postings from 224 

IV-8 

chemicals in 2002 to 420 chemica ls in 2003 

( 15%oflhe 2,800 HPV's). 

Under a parallel Voluntary 

Childre n's Chemi ca l Evaluation Program 

that will be launched in 2002 (a pilot was 

started in 200 I), EPA and industry will 

collaborate in fu ll y assessing the risks 

associated with chemicals to which children 

are exposed. With our state partners we will 

work to establish a series of pilot programs 

to address TSCA responsibilities at the state 

level. where local knowledge of unique 

problems or solutions can bring greater 

efficiencies to this wide rangi ng program. 

An important Agency priority is to 

develop and use \8 lid chemical screens and 

tests to identify and characterize the risk of 

chemicals that may cause endocrine 

disruption in humans, fish and wildlife. In 

2002 EPA will put in place an Endocrine 

Disruptor Methods Validation 

Subcommittee (EDMVS) made up of 

approximately 25 scientific experts 

representing outside interest groups. These 

experts will meet during 2002 and 2003 to 

provide advice and counsel to EPA on 

scientific issues associated with the conduct 

of studies necessary for va lidation of 

screening and testing methods listed in the 

Agency's Endocrine Disruptor Screening 

Program. The EDMVS will be reviewing 

the development of approximately J 3 

laboratory test methods. 

Ensure Healthier Indoor Air for All 

The Agency has set a goal of 

healthier indoor air for millions of students, 

staff, and faculty. To meet this goal, the 

Agency will reduce asthma incidents and 

other respiratory a il ments by promoting 

improved indoor air quality and indoor 
Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities. 

Homes. Workplaces and Ecosystems 

environment management. By increasing 

the number of schools where "Tools for 

Schools" indoor air qua li ty guidelines are 

adopted and implemented, healthier indoor 

air will be provided for millions of students, 

staff, and faculty. In FY 2003, improved air 

quality is anticipated for 1,050,000 students, 

staff and faculty through the voluntary Tools 

for Schools (TfS) program, including an 

effort to obtain commitments from fi ve of 

the 50 largest school districts in the country 

to implement TIS. 

In FY 2003, the Agency expects 

848,000 Americans to be living in healthier 

residenial indoor environments. Part of 

meeting this goa l includes the expansion of 

EPA's successful community-based 

educational partnerships addressing sound 

indoor environmental management. In FY 

2003, the Agency expects to utilize these 

partnerships to edu::ate 136,000 people with 

asthma and their caregivers about improved 

indoor air quality techniques. Additionally, 

EPA will focus on indoor environment 

issues related to older Americans' health by 

assessing the li nks between environmenta l 

exposure and older Americans' health and 

developing activities to address those links. 

The Agency will also develop pilot 

programs with community organizations 

serving older populations in order to gather 

infonnation and address and educate older 

Ameri cans about indoor environmental 

Issues. 

Facilitate Prevention, Redllction and 

Recycling C!f paTs and Toxic Chemicals 

Pollution prevention and waste 

minimi zation require a comprehensive effort 

of minimizing the qua ntity and toxicity of 

waste generated by industri es, the 

government and individual citizens. EPA's 

IV-9 

role includes several specific activities 

addressing industrial hazardous waste and 

municipal and industria l solid waste. 

Preventing poll ution can be costeffective to industry in cases where it 

reduces excess raw materials and energy 

use. P2 can also reduce the need for 

expensive "end-of-pipe" treatment and 

disposal, enable firms to avoid potential 

liability, and support quality improvement 

incentives in place at facilities. Current 

EPA strategies include institutiornlizing 

preventive approaches in EPA's regulatory, 

ope rating, and compliance/enforcement 

programs and faci li tating the adoption of 

pollution prevention techniques by States, 

Tribes, the academic community and 

industry. 

In FY 2003, EPA is requesting 

additonal resources to launch a bold new 

Advancing Environmenta l Stewardship in 

America's Communities Initiative. The 

Agency will be working hand- in-hand with 

States to challenge and assist American 

industry in achieving important national 

environmental goals through new 

innovations in product and service design, 

production, and delivery. 

One approach the Agency employs is 

the industrial sector-based focus that 

promotes cleaner technologies leading to a 

reduction of risks to health and the 

environment. EPA's Design for the 

Environment (OfE ) Program works III 

partnership with industry to develop 

comparative risk, performance, and cost 

information about alternative technologies, 

chemicals, and processes in order to make 

environmenta ll y informed business 

decisions. 
Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities, 

H omes, Workplaces and Ecosystems 

In this obj ective, EPA provides the 

natio nal leadership so important to reducing 

the generation of muni cipa l and industria l 

solid waste regulated under Re RA Subtitle 

o and to improving the recovery and 

conservation of materi als and energy 

through source reduction and recycling. 

EPA encourages source reduction of 

municipal solid waste through its 

WasteWise program and encourages 

recyc ling and the recycling market thro ugh 

sucl-J programs as Pay-As-You-Throw and 

Jobs Thro ugh Recycli ng. In additio n, 

working with publi c and private sector 

stakeholders, EPA promotes financial and 

technological oppo rtunities for 

recycling/reuse businesses. In FY 2003, the 

Agency will serve as a catalyst for 

innovative source reduction and recycling in 

many industrial sectors, ioc luding waste 

reduction opportunities for construction and 

demolition debris, food wastes, tires, 

electro nics equipment, carpet, transport 

packaging, and plasti c beverage packaging. 

EPA will kick off an environmental retail 

initiati ve that encourages cons umers and 

individuals to think abo ut environmenta l 

issues at the "point of purchase." 

In the hazardous waste arena, 

regulated under RCRA Subtitle C, the 

Agency's focus is on reduc ing the presence 

of priori ty c hemicals in haza rdous waste by 

50 percent by FY 2005 (compared to a 199 1 

baseline). This goal is consistent with other 

nationa l and international toxic chemical 

reduction efforts. In FY 2003 the Agency 

will encourage and suppo rt implementation 

at the Regional, state and local leve ls 

through voluntary pollution preventio n 

partnerships that not only make economi c 

sense but must also decrease human and 

environmental exposure to toxic wastes. By 

FY 2003, EPA plans to initiate partnerships 

IV-lO 

with companies willing to make spec ific 

commitments to reducing ha zardo us waste 

as part of the Agency-wide Voluntary 

Chemi cal Reductions program. 

The Agency will continue reducing 

the barriers to safe recycling of hazardous 

waste through changes to recycling 

regulatory standards and ongoing o utreach 

to stakeholders to explore additiona l 

innovations. EPA will place partic ular 

emphasis on ways to increase safe hazardous 

waste recycling whil e reducing the burden 

fo r small businesses co ncerned with 

printi ng, e lectronics recycling, and metal 

finishing. 

The Green Chemistry Clllll enge 

Program continues to be an effective catalyst 

for the behavioral change necessary to dri ve 

the research, development, and 

impleme ntation of green chemistry 

technologies. In addition, this program a lso 

continues to provide an opportunity to 

quantitati vely demonstrate the technical, 

environmental, and economic benefits that 

green chemistry technologies offer. In 2003, 

the Green Chemistry Program will be 

focusing its outreach, awards, and resea rch 

efforts to target: I) audi ences not currently 

involved in green chemistry product and 

process design; and, 2) specific high priori ty 

chemicals, products, and/or processes for 

which safer alternatives are not availabl e. 

To address continuing Issues 

associated with PSTs, EPA launched a 

cross-office, cross-med ia PST program in 

FY 1999. Through this e ffort , the Age ncy 

seeks to prevent, minimize and, when 

possible, eliminate PBTs which are hannful 

to both human health and the environment. 

By the beginning of FY 2003, the Agency 

plans to be well into the implementation of 
Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities, 

Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems 

its Mercury National Action Plan, focusing 

on seven key priority areas. Cri tical 

measurement and monitoring e fforts will be 

In their third year, faci lities will be 

collecting PST chemical release data under 

the new TRI rule , and submissions under 

TSCA for approval of new PST chemicals 

for entry into commerce will be under close 

scrutiny. 

Assess Conditions in Indian Country 

EPA places particular priority on 

working with Federally Recogni zed Indian 

Tribes on a government-Io-gove rnment basis 

to improve environmenta l conditions in 

Indian country in a manner that affirms the 

vita l trust responsibility that EPA has with 

some 572 Tribal governments. The Agency 

will concentrate on buildi ng Tribal programs 

and stri ve to complete a documented 

baseline assessment of environmental 

conditions for Tribes. These assessments 

will provide a blueprint for plalUling future 

acti vities identified In TribailEPA 

Environmental Agreements (TEAs) or 

similar Tribal environmental plans to 

address and support priority environmental 

multi-media concerns in Indian country. 

In 2003. EPA is requesting a total of 

$57.5 million for Indian General Assistancc 

Program grants. These resources will allow 

most Tribes to support at least one or two 

persons working in their community to build 

a strong, sustainable environment for the 

future. These stewa rds perfonn vita l work 

by assessing the status of a Tribc's 

environmental condition and building an 

environmenta l program tailored to that 

Tribe's needs. Another key role of this 

workforce is to alert EPA of serious 

conditions requiri ng attention in the near 

tenn so that, in addition to assisting in the 

IV-II 

buildi ng of Tribal environmenta l capacity, 

EPA can work with the Tribe to respond to 

immediate public health and ecological 

threats. 

EPA continues to consider additional 

approaches on how EPA and Indian Tribes 

might work in concert to protect publi c 

health and the environment in Indian 

country. As part of that effort, EPA is 

proposing to continue authority granted in 

FY 2002 to enter into cooperati ve 

agreements with Tribes to assist EPA in 

implementing environmental programs in 

instances where the Tribe has not achieved 

primacy. Implementation of this approach 

would allow for a more gradual transition to 

fu JI program authorization by allowing for 

varying degrees of Tri bal involvement based 

on an individual Tribe's capabilities and 

interests. 

Research 

In FY 2003, health effects research 

under this goa l will continue to foc us on 

development of mechanistically-based 

predictive models for human health risk 

assessment, such as structure-acti vityrelationship models, to help detenninc 

testing needs under Section 5 of the Tox ic 

Substances Control Act (TSCA), which 

addresses thc introduction of new chemicals 

into commercc. Research will address the 

need for methods to evaluate effects 

associated with a variety of exposure 

conditions and the special sensitivities of 

certain subpopulations (including children) 

based on age, genetic factors, and health 

status. These methods will be used to 

evaluate endpoints of toxicity that arc 

qualitatively different from those of concern 

for the general population. EPA will 

continue to participate in the Agriculture 
Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities. 

Homes. Workplaces and Ecosystems 

Health Study (AHS). The primary objective 

of the EPA exposure study is to collect high 

qua lity exposure data that can be used to 

evaluate how accurate ly the AHS 

questionnaire classifies pesticide application 

activities and enables the prediction of 

appli cator exposure and dose. 

Also, EPA proposes in FY 2003 to 

begin a major research effort focused on 

biotechnology. Areas of research will 

include: 1) potential allergeni city of proteins 

introduced into the food supply by 

biotechnology; 2) potential adverse 

ecological effects on non· target species or as 

a result of unintended gene transfer: and 3) 

potential development of pesticide resistance 

in the target species. This research will 

result in improved capability to assess the 

risks of all ergenicity from geneticall y 

altered food, improved capability to assess 

the ecological risks assoc iated with 

gene tically modified organisms, and tools to 

manage gene transfer and resistance. 

2003 Annual Performance Goals 

• 

• 

• 

In 2003, reduce by 20 percent from 

1995 levels the number of incidents 

involving morta li ties to terrestrial 

and aq uatic wildlife caused by 

pesticides. 

In 2003, reduce lead exposure in 

housing units and in the deleading of 

bridges and structures. 

In 2003, of the approximate 1,800 

appli cations for new chemicals and 

microorganisms submitted by 

industry, ensure those marketed arc 

safe for humans and the 

environment. Increase proportion of 

commercial chemicals that have 

IV-1 2 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

undergone PMN review to signi fy 

they are properly managed and may 

be potential green alternatives to 

existing chemicals. 

In 2003, provide information and 

analytical tools to the public for 

assessing the risks posed by toxic 

chemicals. 

In 2003, 834,400 additiona l people 

will be living in healthier residential 

indoor environments. 

In 2003, 1,050,000 students, facu lt y 

and staff will experience improved 

indoor air qua li ty in their schools. 

In 2003, the quantity of Toxic 

Re lease Inventory (TRI) pollutants 

released. disposed of, treated or 

combusted for energy recovery in 

2003, (nonnalized for changes in 

industrial production) will be 

reduced by 200 mill ion pounds. or 

2%, from 2002. This data will be 

reported in 2005. 

In 2003, divert an additional 1% (for 

a cumulative total of 32% or 74 

million tons) of munic ipal solid 

waste from land filling and 

combustion, and maintain per capita 

generation of RCRA munic ipal solid 

waste at 4.5 pounds pe r day. 

• In 2003, AI EO will evaluate norr 

Federal sources of environmental 

data pertaining to conditions in 

Indian Country to enrich the Triba l 

Baseline Assessment Project. 
Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities, 

Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems 

C oal 4: Preventing Pollution Key Programs 

(dollars ill thousallds) 

Air.Slale.Local anti Triba l Assistance Grants: Other Air Grants 

American Indian Environmental Offi ce 

ATSDR Superfund Support 

Children's Indoor Env ironments 

Community Assistance 

Congressionally Mandated Projects 

Design for the Environment 

Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program 

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program. EMAP 

Ex isting Chemical Data. Screening. Testing and Management 

Facilities Infrastructure and Operations 

Grants to States for Lend Risk Reduction 

Indoor Environments 

Lead Risk Reduction Program 

Lega l Services 

Management Services and Stewardship 

Nat ional Progr.lnl chemica ls: PCBs. Asbestos. Fibers.and Dioxi n 

New Chemical Re view 

P:mnerships 10 Reduce High Risk Pesti cide Use 

PBTI 

Pesticide Registration 

Pestic ide Reregistration 

Pesticides Program Implementation Grant 

Pollution Prevention Incentive Grants to States 

Po llution Prevention Program 

Radon 

RCRA State Grants 

RCRA Waste Reduction 

Regional Management 

Research to Support Safe Communitics 

Safe Pesticide Applications 

Sc ience Coordination and Policy 

Tribal General Assistance GranlS 

IV- I3 

FY 2003 

FY 2002 President's 

!;;OilI;JS:sI Rcguc:a 

$8.139.9 $8.139.9 

$9.9 11 .6 $10.219.7 

$654.3 $0.0 

S13.21P.lJ $13,918.4 

$474.4 S507. 1 

54.267.5 $0.0 

$4.707.6 $4.8 10.7 

$3.703.3 $3.703.1 

$66.0 $0.0 

528.286.4 $28.331 ,9 

$ 16.964.9 SI6.Q76.0 

$13.682.0 $13.682.0 

$9,366.2 $9.307.6 

$13.092.6 513.166.3 

$2.986.9 53.277.1 

S2.822.0 $2.789.6 

$6.775.5 $6,994.5 

$1 4,088.8 $14.730.2 

$ 10.407.0 $12279.8 

$2.572.5 52.580.5 

$10,609.7 $11 .016.6 

$3.793.3 53,907.2 

513.085.5 513.085.5 

$5.986.3 $5.986.3 

$9.597.8 $9.902.8 

$6.453.0 $6.493.9 

S4.007.6 $4.007.0 

$ 14.633.7 $13.740.7 

$93.3 $98. 0 

$21.593.6 S25.149.6 

SII. 157.2 SIO.193.9 

$177. 1 S185.7 

S52.469.7 $57.469.7 

Goal 5: 

Better Waste Management, 

Restoration of 

Contaminated Waste Sites, 

and Emergency Response 

GoalS: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated 

Waste Sites, and Emergency Response 

Strategic Goal: America's wastes will be stored, treated, and disposed of 

in ways that prevent harm to people and to the natura l environment. EPA 

will work to clean up previously poll uted sites, restore them to uses 

appropriate for surrounding communities, and respond to and prevent 

waste-related or industria l accidents. 

Resource Summary 

(dollars in fho/( and~) 

Better Waste Management, Restoration of 

Contaminated \Vaste Sites, and Emergency 

Response 

Control Risks from Contam inated Sites and 

Respond to Emergencies 

Regulate Facilities to Prevent Releases 

Workyears 

Means and Strategy 

EPA and its partners will continue 

their efforts to achieve this goal by 

promoting better waste management, 

cleaning up contaminated waste sites, and 

preventing waste-related or industrial 

acciderts. To date, EPA and its partne rs 

have made significant progress toward 

achi eving its two primary objectives thai 

address human hea lth and the environment 

at thousands of Superfund, Brownfields, 

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 

(ReRA), underground storage tank (UST), 

and oil sites. Brought together by our 

common interest to protect our health, 

envirorunent, and livelihoods, EPA and its 

partners have established an effective 

V-I 

FY 2002 

Enacted 

$1,520,683.8 

$ 1,354.840.9 

$ 165,842.9 

4,308.5 

FY 2003 

Request 

$1 ,711,279.8 

$ 1,544,0 18.6 

$167,261.2 

4.498.7 

FY 2003 So 

FY 2002 

$190,596.0 

$189. 177.7 

$1,418.3 

190.2 

structure to manage the nation's hazardous 

and solid wastes. 

To achieve this goal, EPA seeks to 

further reduce or control the unacceptablc 

risks posed to human health and the 

environment through better waste 

management and restoration of abandoned 

waste sites. In partnership with states, triba l 

governments, the public, and other 

sta keholders, EPA will reduce or control lhe 

risks to human health and the environment 

at thousands of Superfund, Brownfields, 

Re RA, and UST sites. EPA's strategy is to 

apply the fastest, most effective waste 

management and cleanup methods available. 

while involving affected communities in the 

dec ision making process. The Agency will 
Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated 

Waste Sites, and Emergency Response 

employ enforcement e fTons to further assist 

in reducing risk to humans from hazardous 

waste exposure. 

In FY 2003, EPA will focus on four 

overarching themes In achieving its 

objectives: 

• Homeland Security: Enhancing 

EPA's emergency preparedness and 

emergency response programs to 

ensure the $lfety and health of the 

public, and other emergency 

response personnel. The Agency 

will then be able to provide 

appropriate and time ly crisis and 

consequence management related to 

weapons of mass destruction and 

re leases of hazards substances. EPA 

will a lso conduct researc h on better 

technologies and assessments to 

clean up buildings contaminated by 

biological and chemical agents. 

• Revitalization: Broad promotion of 

the successes and lessons learned by 

the brownficlds program and other 

waste program revitalization efforts, 

and how revitalization can 

complement our traditional cleanup 

programs and lead to faster cleanups 

a nd productive reuse of properti es. 

• 

• 

O ne Cleanup Program: Creating a 

national dialogue on the future of 

Superfund and other waste/cleanup 

programs. Continue progress in 

cleanups while mcreasmg 

consistency and transparency across 

programs. 

Recycling, Waste Minimization 

and Energy Recovery: Promotion 

of recycling, waste minimization and 

V-2 

energy recovery for both hazardous 

and no ..... hazardous wastes. 

Homeland Security 

In support of Homeland Security, the 

Agency IS requesting $86 million to 

strengthen the Agency's preparedness, 

response structure and improve state and 

local emergency response capabi lities, 

continue operations of the Environmental 

Response Team Center West (ERTC· West), 

and research decontamination of buildings 

resulting from a release of biological agents. 

Through the ERTC-West, the 

Superfund Program will maintain an around· 

the·clock emergency response activa tion 

system to support regions and states in the 

western part of the country. The ERT 

provides critical technical support services 

to EPA's response personnel in the fi eld. 

These services include: environmental 

monitoring, decontamination, tec hni cal 

assistance on hazardous and radiation 

emergencies, and support to FB I· led 

response teams. The ERT also offers 

techni cal training to Federal, State, and bcal 

government officials in the latest response 

technology. 

EPA plays a vital role in he lping to 

protect the Ameri can people from hazardous 

substances releases as we ll as the highl y 

dangerous agents (chemical, biological, 

radiological) associated with acts of 

terrorism. Any major terrorism event, 

whether it involves explosives, conventional 

haza rdous materia ls or radiological, 

chemi cal or biological agents, will 

necessitate an EPA response to, first, assess 

the risks to publi c health, the environment 

and to response workers, second, to manage 
Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated 

Waste Sites, and Emergency Response 

and mitigate the hazards of residual 

contamination, and, third, to conduct 

assessments of the adequacy of the response 

sufficient to a llay the concerns of the public 

who will re-occupy the affected area. 

Currently. EPA's capability to conduct such 

responses resides In our Emergency 

Response program. 

The Agency's chemical emergency 

preparedness and prevention (CEPP) 

program complements EPA's emergency 

response efforts. This program addresses 

the risks associated with the manufacture. 

transportation, storage and usc of hazardous 

chemicals to prevent and mitigate chemical 

releases whether an incident may be 

accidental or intentional. as is the case in 

releases caused by terrorist acts. To meet its 

homeland security ob ligations the CEPP 

program works with state agencies and 

Local Emergency Planning Committees 

(LEPCs) to help strengthen their capabilities 

to prepare for and respond to potential 

incidents of terrorism. The LEPC is a 

community organization that brings toge ther 

all entities (first responders, fire 

departments, hospitals, emergency 

technicians, planners, industry, the media, 

and local elected officials) that have primary 

responsibility for emergency preparedness at 

the local level. The program also works in 

partnership with the chemical and 

petrochemi cal industry to improve site 

security and the safe operations of facilities 

throughout the country. 

Within the National Response 

System, EPA supports a national emergency 

preparedness and response capability. Under 

the National Response Team (NRT), 

Regional Response Team (RRT) and 

Federa l Response Plan (FRP) the Fede",1 

government helps states and local 

V-3 

governments address major incidents that 

are beyond their capabilities, including those 

in volving terrorism. EPA chairs the NRT 

and co-chairs the 13 RRTs throughout the 

U.S. whi ch integrates actions of a ll Federal 

partners to prevent, prepare for and respond 

to haza rdous material releases including 

chemical, biological and radiological 

substances. The Agency also participates 

with other Federal agencies to implement 

national security, continuity of operations 

and other homeland security requirements. 

The FY 2003 President's Budget 

requests resources to conduct research on 

beller technologies and assessments to 

c leanup buildings contaminated by 

biological and chemical agents. These 

efforts will include the transfer of 

technologies and guidance on 

decontam ination processes, evaluation of 

existing and new cleanup and detection 

technologies, development of risk 

assessment methodologies, and production 

of rapid decontamination techniques and 

technologies. 

Revitalization 

To address the theme of 

revitali zati on, EPA is requesting S200 

million to implement the Small Business 

Liability Relief and Brownfields 

Revitali zatio n and Environmental 

Restoration Act (H.R. 2869), signed by 

President Bush on January II , 2002. 

Brownfields are abandoned, idled, or 

underused industri al and commercial 

properties and are not traditional Superfund 

sites. Generally, Brownfields are not highly 

contami nated and, therefore, present lesse r 

health risks. Economic changes over several 

decades have left thousands of communities 

with these contaminated properties and 
Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated 

Waste Sites, and Emergency Response 

abandoned sites. This legislation promotes 

brown fields redevelopment by providing 

financial assistance for assessment and 

cleanup, refonning Superfund li ability and 

enhancing stale response programs. The 

legislation was the top environmental 

priority of the Administration and EPA will 

be working with Congress, other Federal 

agencies, states, tribes, local governments, 

the private sector and non· profit 

organizations on its implementation. In 

addition to the activities which have been 

carried out in the past, the new legislation 

will expand EPA 's ability to address sites 

contaminated with petroleum and permit 

EPA to establish grants for brownfields 

cleanup. 

EPA is committed to integrating the 

concept of revitalization and reuse into the 

process of cleaning up abandoned, inactive 

and contaminated waste sites, active and 

closing Federal faci li ties, and other 

properties. An essentia l element of the 

assessment and cleanup of contaminated 

property, whether they are Brownfields. 

Superfund, RCRA Corrective Action, Base 

Realignment and Closure. Federal facilities 

or USTs. is the ultimate goal of revitalizing 

and reusing that property. Although 

assessment and cleanup provide clear 

environmental benefits in mitigating 

exposure to hazardous contaminants, the 

ultimate goal is the reuse of these properties 

to improve the quality of life in America's 

communities. Building upon the Agency's 

recent successes in this area, EPA's waste 

cleanup programs will actively seek out 

opportunities to leverage public or private 

investment, create jobs associated with 

reuse, and increase the overall acreage 

reused. 

V-4 

One Cleanup Program 

In support of the one cleanup 

program theme, the Superfund program 

works with States, Tribes, local 

governments, and other Federal agencies to 

protect human health and the environment 

and to restore sites to uses appropriate for 

nearby communities. Many of the Nation'S 

largest and most technically complex 

contaminated properties including 

abandoned, private, and Federal facilities are 

cleaned up by the Superfund Program. Site 

assessment is the first step in determining 

whether a site meets the criteria for 

placement on the National Priorities List 

(NPL) or for remova l action to prevent, 

minimize or mitigate significant threats. 

When a site is placed on the NPL it becomes 

eligible for a fund· financed cleanup. The 

Agency also provides outreach and 

education to the surrounding communities to 

improve their understanding of potential site 

risk, such as risks posed by radioacti ve 

materials, and to promote direct involvement 

in every phase of the cleanup process. 

One of the Superfund program's 

major goals is to have responsible parties 

pay for and conduct cleanups at abandoned 

or uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. The 

Superfund enforcement program maximizes 

Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) 

participation and is committed to refonns, 

which increase fairness, reduce transaction 

costs, and promote econom ic 

redevelopment. The Agency also seeks to 

recover costs associated with a site cleanup 

from responsible parties when Superfund 

trust fund monies have been expended. 

The RCRA corrective action 

program addresses a significant number of 

industrial sites, including Federally·owned 
Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated 

Waste Sites, and Emergency Response 

fac ilities. Administered by EPA and 

authorized states, these sites include some of 

the most intractable and controversial 

cleanup proj ects In the country. 

Approximate ly 3,500 industrial faciliti es 

must undergo a cleanup under the Re RA 

program. Of these fac ilities. EPA and stale 

partners have identifi ed over 1,700 facilities 

as high priority because people or the 

environment are likely to be at significant 

current or future risk. As evidence of 

success in meeting this challenge, EPA and 

the states have now documented that both 

exposure to contamination and further 

migration of contaminated groundwater 

ha ve been controll ed at ove r 600 of the 1700 

high priority fa cilities. 

The RCRA corrective action 

program continues to emphasize 

redevelopment of ReRA corrective action 

sites to prevent these properties from 

becoming Brownfields (unused or underused 

prope rty due to perceived concerns 

rega rd ing hazardous waste contamination). 

Through its nine active pilots, the RCRA 

Brownfields Prevention Pilot program 

showcases the implementation of the RCRA 

corrective action refonns and the use of 

innovative approaches to cleanup activities. 

In addition, the ReRA program also 

sponsors a Targeted Site Effort (TSE) to 

focus a small amount of funds at specific 

sites to give assistance in moving forward in 

the corrective action process. 

In partnership with the states, the 

Agency prevents releases. detects releases 

earl y in the event they occur, and addresses 

leaks from USTs containing petroleum and 

hazardous substances. The strategy for 

achieving this goal is to promote and 

enforce compliance with the regulatory 

requirements aimed at preventing and 

V-5 

detecting UST releases, thereby protecting 

our nation's groundwater. While the vast 

majority of the approximately 700,000 

acti ve USTs have the proper equipment per 

Federal regulation, significant work remains 

to be done to ensure UST owners and 

operators properly maintain and operate 

their systems. The Agency's role is to work 

with states to promote compliance with the 

spill , overfill, and corrosion protection 

requirements, and ensure that the leak 

detection requirements are a national 

pri ority. This encompasses compliance for 

all Federally-regulated UST systems, 

including those on private and public 

property, in Indian Country, and Federal 

facilities. The Agency ha s primary 

responsibility for implementing the UST 

program in Indian Country. 

The Leaking Underground Storage 

Tank (LUST) Program will continue its 

progress by promoting rapid and effective 

responses to releases from USTs containing 

petroleum. EPA plays a key role in 

implementing the national LUST Program 

by supporting the management of state , 

local, and tribal enforcement and response 

capability, as well as, sharing lessons 

learned with state regul ators and the 

regulated community to increase cleanup 

accomplishments. The Agency's highest 

priorities in the LUST program over the next 

several years is to address approximately 

\ 50,000 ceanups that have yet to be 

completed, and to address methyl. tertiarybutyl·ether (MTBE) contamination which 

states are increasingly discovering, and 

which pose unique and often difficult 

remediation challenges. 
GoalS: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated 

Waste Sites, and Emergency Response 

Recycling, \Vaste Minimization, and 

Energy Recovery 

In support of the recycling, waste 

minimization and energy recovery theme, 

the ReM pro!,,'Tam will focus on improving 

current waste management practices, 

providi ng greater regulatory flexibility and 

promoting opportunities for converting 

waste to future energy and raw material 

sources. In FY 2003, EPA will undertake a 

comprehensive revIew of its waste 

management programs and regulations 

regard ing hazardous and non-hazardous 

waSle recycling, waste minimization and 

energy recovery practices. The review 

objec ti ve will be to identify opportunities to 

further the goal of resource conservation and 

recovery, while remaining true to the 

mission of ensuring safe and protective 

waste management practices. 

Other elements of the Better Waste 

Management goal are associated with the 

promotion of safe waste management 

practices, which serve to avoid future 

cleanup and redevelopment burdens. For 

facilities that currently manage hazardous 

wastes, EPA and the authorized states 

ensure human health and environmental 

protecti on through the issuance of RCRA 

hazardous waste permits. The RCRA 

program works primarily through stale 

partners to reduce the risks of exposures to 

dangerous hazardous wastes by maintaining 

a cradle·to·grave waste management 

framework. Under this framework. EPA 

and the states oversee the handli ng, 

transport, treatment, storage. and disposal of 

hazardous waste, ensuring that communities 

arc not exposed to haza rds through improper 

management. Hazardous waste 

management facil ities with appropriate 

controls in place have made significant 

V-6 

progress in mmmllzing the threat of 

exposure to hazardous substances. To date, 

48 states, Guam, and the District of 

Columbia are authorized to issue permits. 

State authorization for all portions of the 

ReRA program, including regulations that 

address waste management issues included 

in permits, is an important Agency goa l. 

The RCRA program strives to ach ieve 

greater efficiencies by adapting new 

ilmovative technologies that not onl y 

streamline permitting processes am better 

protect our land but also provide greater 

regulatory flexibili ty and opportunity for 

converting waste to futu re energy and raw 

material sources. 

The Agency's chemical emergency 

preparedness and prevention program 

addresses some of the risks associated with 

the manufacture, transportation, storage and 

use of hazardous chemicals to prevent and 

mitigate chemical releases. whether an 

incident may be accidental or intentional, as 

is the case in a terrorist event. The program 

also implements right· to· know initiatives to 

inform the public about chemical hazards 

and encourages actions at the local level to 

reduce risk. Section 11 2(r) of the Clean Air 

Act requires an estimated 16,000 fac ilities to 

deve lop comprehensive risk management 

plans (RM Ps) and submit them to EPA, state 

agencies, and Local Emergency Planning 

Committees. The Agency believes that 

states are best suited to implement the RM P 

program because they benefit directl y from 

its success and they often have established 

relationships with the communities that may 

be at risk. 

The Oil Spill Program prevents, 

prepares for, responds to, and monitors oil 

spills as mandated and authori zed in the 

Clean Water Act and Oil Pollution Ac t of 
Goal 5: Better Waste Management , Restoration of Contaminated 

Waste Sites, and Emergency Response 

1990. EPA protects U.S. waterways through 

oil spill prevention, prepa redness, and 

enforcement compliance. There are 465,000 

non-transportation-related oil storage 

facilities that EPA regulates. When 

necessary, the Agency undertakes oil spill 

response in the inland zone whi ch is then 

funded through a reimbursable agreement 

with the U.S. Coast Guard. 

Finall y, the Agency has established 

performance objectives specific to Indian 

Tribes and Alaska Nati ve Villages. These 

objectives stress waste prevention and 

cleanup and assistance to Tribes. To meet 

these objecti ves, EPA will identify Tribal 

needs. SlIpport and promote the involvement 

of Tribes in implementation ac ti vities, and 

control risks in Indian Country through 

assessment and clean up of contaminated 

sites in consultation and partnership with 

Tribes. 

Research 

The FY 2003 waste research 

program supports the Age ncy's objective of 

reducing or controlling potential risks to 

human hea lth and the environment at 

contaminated waste sites by accelerating 

scientificall y defensible and cost·effec tive 

decisions for cleanup at complex sites, 

mining sites, marine spi lls, and Brownfields 

in accordance with CERCLA. Research 

will: I) provide improved methods and 

dose·response models for estimating risks 

from complex mi xtures contaminating soils 

and groundwater; 2) provide improved 

methods for measuring, mo nitoring, and 

characterizing complex waste sites in tenns 

of soils and groundwater; 3) develop more 

reliable technologies for cleanup of 

contaminated soils. groundwater, and 

sediments; and 4 ) detenninc the effects of 

V-7 

contaminants on the enviromnent. A new 

effort in Homeland Security will also begin 

in 2003 and focus on critical issues, such as 

the decontamination of buildings, in order to 

prevent and respond to future instances of 

bioterrorisl1l. 

Waste identification, waste 

management, and combustion constitute the 

three major areas of research under RCRA 

in FY 2003, as the Agency works towa rds 

preventing releases through proper facility 

management. Waste identification research 

will focus on multimedia. multi-pathway 

exposure modeling and environmental fate 

and transport; physica l estimation in support 

of risk· based exemption levels for wastes; 

deve lopment of targeted exemptions of 

waste streams that do not pose unacceptable 

risks; and efforts to streamline the waste de· 

listing process. These efforts could 

significantl y reduce compliance costs while 

still supporting EPA's missio n to protect 

human health and the environment. Waste 

management research will focus on 

developing more cost·effec ti ve ways to 

manage/recycle nOl~haza do s wastes and 

will examme other remediation 

technologies, while combustion resea rch 

will continue to focus o n characterizing and 

controlling emiSSions from waste 

combustion. 

H ighlights 

In FY 2003, EPA and state cleanup 

actions will protect human hea lth by 

reducing the effects of uncontrolled releases 

on local populations and sensitive 

environments. The Agency will build on 

past successes in cleaning up sites. The 

following accomplishments provide 

examples of what has been done by the 

Agency to achieve its goal: 
• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated 

Waste Sites, and Emergency Response 

Cleaned up 804 Superfund National 

Priorities List Sites through 

September 30, 200 I; 

Conducted over 6,500 Superfund 

removal response actions from 1982 

through September 30, 200 I: 

Assessed over 43,700 potential 

Superfund sites: 

Removed more than 32,700 sites 

from the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-pensation 

and Liability Information System 

(CERCLl S) waste site list; 

Secured greater than $20 billion in 

PRP commitments, through response 

and cost recovery settlements, over 

the life of the Superfund program. 

Resolved potential liability of 24,700 

small volume waste contributing 

parties through more than 475 

deminimis settlements; 

Responded to or monitored 300 oil 

spills in a typica l year; 

Awarded 399 Brownfields 

assessment pilots, over 129 

brownfiek:ls cleanup revol ving loan 

fund pilots, and 48 job training pilots 

through September I, 200 I; 

Over 600 of approximately 1,700 

high priority ReRA sites targeted for 

aggressive risk reduction have met 

GPRA Environmental Indicator 

goals; 

74% of approximately 2,750 

hazardous waste management 

facilities have effective controls in 

place; 

Launched a ReRA Brownfields 

Prevention Pilot pro1:,rram with nine 

active pilots; 

Cleaned approximately 259,000 

leaking underground storage tanks 

since 1987. 

V-8 

In FY 2003, EPA's goal is to 

complete construction at 40 private and 

Federal Superfund sites and take action to 

address contamination at 275 sites using 

removal authorities. In addition, EPA and 

its partners will make final site assessment 

decisions on 475 additional sites. The 

Superfund enforcement program's goal will 

be to obtain PRP commitments to initiate 

work at 70% of construction starts at r~ 

Federal faci li ty sites on the NPL and to 

conduct or fund removals. 

In FY 2003, the Superfund 

redevelopment initiative will facilitate the 

return of additiona l Superfund sites to 

productive reuse. The Agency has compiled 

a list of over 260 Superfund sites that have 

been recycled. At these sites, more than 

60,000 ac res are now in ecological or 

recreational use. Approximately 15,500 

jobs, representing approximately $500 

million in annua l income, are located at sites 

that have been recycled for commercial usc. 

In FY 2003, the Agency will 

improve its Homeland Security preparedness 

and response capability, workforce safety, 

and coordinatnl1 with our Federal and local 

partners. This will support national efforts to 

combat terrorist threats including biological, 

chemical and radiological attacks on 

populations in the United States. The 

Agency will implement a n initiative to 

establish a viable Homeland Security 

program at EPA that will reduce the risk to 

the public, better protect our emergency 

responders, and prevent environmental 

harm. This initiative will support the 

National Homeland Security strategy 

developed by the Office of Homeland 

Securi ty and the White House that assigns 

EPA a c riti cal role in preparing for and 
Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated 

Waste Sites, and Emergency Response 

responding to terrorist incidents. This 

responsibili ty is based upon EPA's umque 

expertise and experience 111 emergency 

preparedness and response to hazardous 

material re leases. 

The Agency's Homeland Security 

efforts will concentrate on: (1) developing a 

multi-skilled workforce and providing them 

with advanced training; (2) implementing an 

EPA-wide event planning/response program 

that can fu ll y participate in national interagency exercises: (3) providing state-o f-lheart response equi pment (e.g., personal 

protection, field analysis, decontamination) 

and the resources to mai ntain the equipment; 

a nd (4) enhancing planning, coordination, 

and o utreac h efforts at the local, state, and 

Federal leve ls. 

Reducing chemical accidents is vita l 

to ensure that communities are not exposed 

to hazardous materials. The Agency will 

continue its efforts to help states and loca l 

emergency planning committees implement 

the risk manafJ!ment plan (RM P) program. 

EPA continues to make steady progress in 

this area and, in FY 2003, will delegate the 

program to eight additional states for a 

cumulati ve tota l of twenty- five. To reach 

this goa l, EPA will provide technical 

assistance grants, technica l support, 

outreach, and traini ng to state and loca l 

emergency planning committees. Through 

these acti vities, states, local communities, 

and individuals will be better prepared to 

prevent and prepare for chemical acc idents. 

Through the Federal Oil Spill 

Program, EPA will continue to preve nt, 

respond to, and monitor oil spills that occur 

in the waters of the United States and 

adjoining shorelines. Over 24,000 spills are 

reported annua ll y while approximately half 

V-9 

are in the inl and zone which is under EPA's 

jurisdictio n. EPA typically responds to and 

monitors the work of responsible parties at 

approximately 300 significa nt spills a year. 

To reduce the risk of hazardous exposure to 

people and the environment, the Agency 

aims to prevent oil spills from occurring, 

prepare for oil spills that do occur, and 

respond to and monitor spills when 

necessary. 

The EPA Browllfields program 

coordi nates a Federal, state, tri bal, and loca l 

government approach to assist in addressing 

environmenta l site assessment and cl eanup. 

This program has experienced tremendous 

growth 10 applications for new and 

supplemental pilots, averagmg 198 

applications per year. The passage of 

Brownfi elds authorizi ng legislation in 

December 200 I a llows an expanded 

program to address enviro nmental and 

economic challenges presented at 

brownfi elds sites including: 

• Grants to address petroleum 

contaminated sites 

• Grants for clean up acti vities 

• Expanded resources for state and 

triba l programs 

• Tribal program fu nds for monitori ng 

public health 

• Responding to mi ne scarred lands, 

contaminati ve, and controll ed 

substances 

In FY 2003, EPA will do uble our 

Brownfield's program, providing SIOO 

million more in funding. The Brownfie lds 

program will provide $29 million in funding 

and technical support for 74 new 

assessments and 52 existing assessments. 

These assessments provide states (includi ng 

U.S. territori es), poli tical subdivisions 
GoalS: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated 

Waste Sites, and Emergency Response 

(including cities, towns, and counties), and 

Fede rally recognized Tribes with necessary 

tools, information, and strategies for 

promoting a unified approach to 

environmental site assessment, characterization, and redevelopment. Benefits 

deri ved from this effort will include 

leveraging a total of S5 billion in cleanup 

and redevelopment fu nds, generation of 

21,300 jobs, and assessment of 3,350 sites 

through FY 2003. In addition, the Agency 

and its Federal partners will continue to 

support the existing 28 showcase 

communities whi ch serve as models to 

demonstrate the benefits of interagency 

cooperative efforts m addressing 

environmental and economic issues related 

to brownfields. The showcase communities 

capitali ze on a muhi-agency partnership 

designed to provide a wide range of support 

depending on the particular needs of each 

corrununity. 

As part of this initiative, EPA will use 

approximate ly $30 million to address the 

regulatory gap that prohibits EPA funds 

from addressing the estimated 200,000 

abandoned underground storage tanks 

(USTs) and other petroleum contamination 

found on brownfie lds properties. With these 

funds, EPA will support assessment and 

cleanup of petrole um contaminates in 50 

brown fields communities. 

To further enhance a community's 

capacity to respond to brown fields 

redevelopment, the Agency will also provide 

funding for 33 communities to capitalize 

brownfields cleanup revol ving loan funds 

(BCRLF) with the requested increase. All 

communities with brown fields properties are 

eligible to apply. For the first time, 

Brownfields legislation authorizes funding 

for cleanup grants. It is estimated that 

V-I O 

cleanup funding might be available for up to 

25 sites. 

The Agency will also provide $50 

million for states and Indian tribes to 

establish or enhance their response 

programs. The new legislation will also 

permit the recipients to capitalize revolving 

loan funds, purchase insurance or de ve lop a 

risk sharing pool, an indemnity pool, or an 

insurance mechanism to provide financing 

for response actions under a state response 

program. 

To augment the communities' 

capacities to clean up brown fields sites, 

EPA will fund 10 additional job training 

pilots for community residents and will 

provide $3 million to the National Institute 

of Environmental Heahh Sciences (NlEH S) 

to supplement its minority worker training 

programs that focus on brown fi elds 

workforce development acti vities. In 

addition, EPA will continue to explore 

connections between Re RA low-priority 

correcti ve action efforts and cleanup of 

brownfields properti es. 

In FY 2003, 257 additional high 

priority Re RA facilities will have current 

human exposures under control and 172 

additional high priority ReRA facilities will 

have migration of contaminated 

groundwater under control. To accomplish 

its ReRA objectives, the Agency has 

improved the pace of cleanups through 

administrative reforms announced in 1999 

and 200 I. The reforms successfull y 

established an environment for program 

implementers to be innovati ve and resultsoriented by promoting fa ster, focused. more 

flexible cleanups. The Agency de ve loped 

these refonns with input from states, 

industry and environmental organiza tions to 
Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated 

Waste Sites, and Emergency Response 

accomplish the following objectives: pilot 

innovative approaches, acce lerate the 

changing culture, connect commumtles to 

cleanups, and capitalize on redevelopment 

potenti al. 

In FY 2003, the Re RA hazardous 

waste permits program will have permits or 

other approved controls in place for 77% of 

the hazardous wa ste management facilities 

(out of a baseline of approximately 2,750 

facilities). Securing approved controls in 

place at facilities minimizes the threat of 

exposure to hazardous substances beea use 

the ReRA program's comprehensive 

framework regulates the handling, transport, 

treatment, storage, and disposal of 

hazardous waste. In addition, the program is 

planning an e-permitting initiative which 

would complement the new standardized 

pennit process. This initiative will expedite 

and simplify the pennitling process and 

provide better public access to pennitting 

information. 

The Agency has several efforts 

underway to improve waste management 

prac,tices throughout the RCRA program to 

better reflect actual levels of risk. The 

hazardous waste identification rule and 

follow-up efforts seek to exclude lower risk 

wastes from hazardous waste regulation. In 

FY 2003, the Agency will continue to 

develop exemptions for specific lowconcern wastes as well as concentratioJlbased exemption levels for constituents 

occurring in hazardous wastes. 

As the maximum achievable control 

technology (MACT) standards for hazardous 

waste incinerators and kilns are 

implemented, emissions of dioxins, furans, 

toxic metals, acid gases and particulate 

matter from these sources will be reduced. 

V- I I 

These efforts are intended to further reduce 

the indirect exposure to hazardous 

constituents in emissions, especially to 

children. In 2000, the Agency initiated work 

on Phase II MACT standards for hazardous 

waste burning boi lers and halogen acid 

furnaces. However, in 200 I the D.C. Circuit 

Court of Appeals vacated the Phase I MACT 

standards. In 2002 and FY 2003, EPA wi ll 

work to revise the combustion standards and 

address the court's action. 

In FY 2003, the Agency will work 

with states. industry, and community 

representatives to begin implementation of 

the voluntary guidelines for industrial nOI}-

hazardous waste management. These 

voluntary guidelines address a range of 

issues including groundwater contamination, 

air emissions, and alternati ves to waste 

disposal. 

Based on EPA 's mmimum national 

standards for municipal solid waste (MSW), 

states regulate landfill practices. The 

Agency worked with states to review the 

national standards. The Agenc y is currently 

initiating regulatory revisions to ·provide 

additional flexibility so that compliance is 

less costly and easier to achi eve. Regulatory 

revisions will provide an opportunity for 

bioreactor technology, to pave the way for 

future new energy and raw material sources. 

The Agency will accelerate the pace 

of LUST cleanups through additional 

support to the states to hire staff to oversee 

and expedite cleanups. Better oversight and 

quicker action can reduce the costs of 

cleaning up MTBE contamination, which 

can cost 100% more than a cleanup 

involving the typical gasoline contaminants. 

Accelerating the pace of these cleanups will 

result in 500 additiona l cleanups completed, 
Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated 

Waste Sites, and Emergency Response 

from the end of FY 2002, that may involve 

groundwater and MTBE contamination. In 

tum, fewer communities and individuals, 

including those in Indian Country, will lose 

their drinking water supplies. UST owners 

and operators undertake nearly all cleanups 

under the supervision of state or local 

agencies. The Agency oversees these 

activities in Indian Country. 

Research 

In FY 2003, contaminated sites 

research will be conducted to: 1) reduce 

uncertainties associated with soil! 

groundwater sampling and analysis; 2) 

reduce the time and cost associated with site 

characterization and site remediation 

activities; 3) evaluate the magnitude of the 

risks posed by contamina nts to human health 

and the ecosystem as we ll as the 

contributions of multiple exposure 

pathways, the bioavailability of adsorbed 

contaminants and treatment residuals, and 

the toxicological properties of contami nant 

mixtures: and 4) develop and demonstrate 

more effective and less costly remediation 

technologies involving complex sites and 

hard-fo-trcat wastes. Other proposed work 

will enhance and accelerate current 

contaminated sediments research efforts, 

providing the data needed to make and 

support crucial decisions on high impact and 

high visibility sites. Research focusing on 

Homeland Security issues such as transfer of 

technologies and guidance on 

decontamination processes, evaluating 

existing and new cleanup and detection 

technologies, developing risk assessment 

methodologies for the both the short and 

long term, and producing rapid 

decontamination techniques and 

technologies for cleanup of contaminated 

buildings will begin in FY 2003 . . These 

V- 12 

research efforts are critical in order to 

prevent and respond to future instances of 

bioterrorism. 

Waste management research in FY 

2003 will support the Hazardous Waste 

Identification Rule (HWIR), a risk-based 

approach for delisting wastes, as well as 

study improved ways to minimize waste 

releases and impacts. Additionally, waste 

management research will be conducted to 

improve the management of both solid and 

hazardous wastes. 

2003 Annual Performance Goals 

• In 2003, EPA and its partners will 

complete 22,500 Leaking 

Underground Storage Tank (LUST) 

cleanups for a cumulati ve total of 

approximately 313,300 cleanups 

sillce 1987. 

• In 2003, EPA and its partners will 

complete 40 Superfund cleanups 

(construction completions). 

• In 2003, ensure trust fund 

stewardship by getting PRPs to 

initiate or fund the work and recover 

costs from PRPs when EPA expends 

trust fund monies. Address cost 

recovery at all NPL and nor~ PL 

sites with a statute of limita tions 

(SOL) on total past costs equal to or 

greater than $200,000. 

• In 2003, maximize all aspec ts of 

PRP participation which includes 

maintaining PRP work at 70% of the 

new remedial construction starts at 

non-Federal Faci li ty Superfund, and 

emphasize fairness in the settlement 

process. 
• 

• 

• 

Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated 

Waste Sites, and Emergency Response 

In 2003. 257 (for a cumulati ve tota l 

of 1,252 or 73%) of high priority 

RCRA facilities will have human 

exposures controll ed and 172 (for a 

cumulati ve total of 1,054 or 6 1%) of 

high priority RCRA facilities wiIJ 

have groundwater re leases 

controlled. 

In 2003, 10 ensure cost-effective and 

technicall y sound site clean-up, 

deliver state-of-the are guidance and 

methods to EPA and stakeholders for 

risk management of fue l oxygenates: 

organi c and inorganic contamination 

of sediments, ground water and/or 

soils: and oil spil ls. 

In 2003. EPA will provide additio nal 

site assessment funding to 74 new 

sites, and to 52 existi ng sites, 

resulting In a cumulative total of 

3,350 properties assessed, the 

generation of 2 1,300 jobs, and the 

leveraging of $5.0 bill ion in cleanup 

and redevelopment funds since 1995. 

V- 13 

• 

• 

• 

In 2003, EPA and its state and tribal 

partners will ensure that 80% of UST 

facili ti es will be 111 significant 

operatio nal compliance with leak 

detection requirements, and 85% of 

UST facilities will be in significant 

operational compliance with spi ll, 

overfi ll and corrosio n protection 

regulations. 

In 2003, 77.2 of the hazardous waste 

management facilities will have 

approved controls in place to prevent 

dangerous releases to air, soil, and 

groundwater. This represents an 

additiona l 39 fac ilities meeting the 

goal this year. 

In 2003, ce rtify that 8,000 55 gallon 

drums of radioacti ve waste 

(containing approximately 24,000 

curi es) shi pped by DOE to the Waste 

Isolatio n Pilot Plant are pennanentl y 

disposed of safely and according t> 

EPA standards. 
Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated 

Waste Sites, and Emergency Response 

Goal 5: Waste Man agement Key Programs 

(dol/(IrS ill/hoI/SlInds) 

Assessments 

Brown fi elds 

Capacity Bu ilding 

Civil Enforcemen t 

Community Right to Know (Till e Ill) 

Compli ance Assistance and Centers 

Congressionally Mandated Projects 

Facilities Infra structure and Operations 

Fcdcr.a l F:lcililics 

Feder-II Facility lAGs 

Federal Preparedness 

Hazardous Substance Rcscarch: Hazardous Substance Research Cente rs 

Hazardous Substance Rcscarch:Supcrfund Innovative Tcchllology Evaluation 

(SITE) 

Hazardous Waste Research 

Home l.md Security· 

Homcstak c Mine 

Leaki ng Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)Coopcrativc Agreements 

Legtll Services 

LUST Cle,mup Programs 

Management Serv ices and Stewardship 

Oil Spills Preparedness, Prevention and Response 

Olher Federal Agency Superfund SUppOTI 

Radiation 

RCRA Correct ive Action 

RCRA Improved Waste Management 

RCRA Slate Grants 

Regional Management 

Research to Suppon Contaminated Sites 

Risk Management Plan s 

V- J4 

FY 2002 

En1!!>: t!;al 

$76,472.9 

$1)7.632 .7 

$725. 1 

52. 124.2 

54.968,4 

$934.8 

$10,915.0 

$60.032.3 

531.206.5 

$8.784.7 

$9.849.3 

54.576.8 

$6.501.0 

$9.088.3 

$3. 192,4 

$0.0 

$59.33 1.9 

$7.061.8 

$ 10.067.4 

$30.1 33.6 

$11.795.4 

510.676.0 

521.624.0 

$38.262.3 

$61.174.6 

$59.451.3 

51.644.8 

529.896.9 

57.202.9 

FY 2003 

President's 

R£g~I:H 

$76.236.3 

SI99.769.0 

$652.0 

$2.120.7 

54.953. 1 

$961.2 

$0.0 

$55.998.4 

$3 1.915.5 

$9.09 1.7 

$9.883.0 

$4.599.2 

$6.545.0 

59.54!5.7 

$86.3 IU .4 

$8.000.0 

$58.341. 2 

$7.710.7 

$10.285,4 

$3 1.625 .1 

$12.332.2 

$10.676.0 

$22,419.1 

$38.965.2 

S61. 860.0 

559.45 1.3 

$ 1.628.9 

$28. I 21.1 

$7.446.0 
Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated 

Waste Sites, and Emergency Response 

'Superfund - Cost Recovery 

Superfund - Justice Support 

Superfund - Maximize PRP Involvement (including reforms) 

Superfund Remedial Actions 

Superfund Remova l Actions 

Underground Slordgc Tank s fUST) 

UST State Grants 

$29.477.5 $30.375,9 

$28.150',0 528.150.0 

581.701.1 $84.396.9 

$484.659.8 $489.355.0 

$202.654.0 $202.610.3 

56.795.7 $7.026.4 

$1 1.91 8.4 $11.91 8.4 

*FY 2002 does nor inelude $175.6 million provided in the Emergency Supp/emelltal 

Appropriations Act/or Homelalld Secll"i~v. 

V-IS 

Goal 6: 

Reduction of Global and 

Cross-Border 

Environmental Risks 

Goal 6: Reduction of Global and Cross-Border Environmental Risks 

,;." ., " 

Strategic Coal: The United States will lead other Nations in successful , 

multilateral efforts to reduce significant risks to human health and 

ecosystems from climate change, stratospheri c ozone depletion, and other 

hazards of international concern. 

Resource Summary 

(dollars in thousands) 

Reduction of Global and Cross-border 

Environment al Risks 

Reduce Transboundary Threats to Human and 

Ecosystem Health in North America 

Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Reduce Stratospheric Ozone Depletion 

FY 2002 

Enacted 

FY 2003 FY 2003 vs. 

Request FY 2002 

$276,588.0 $269,727.2 ($6,860.8) 

S96,869.4 S98,185.9 5 1,3 16.5 

SI45,293.6 SI36,953.4 (58,340.2) 

SI5,843.2 SI5,8 13 .3 ($29.9) 

Protect Human Heahh and Ecosystems from PBTs and 

other T oxics S6,060.9 S6, 173 .6 S11 2.7 

Increase Domestic and International Use of Cleaner and 

More Cost-Effecti ve Technologies SI2,520.9 $ 12,601.0 $80.1 

Workyears 

Means and Strategy 

To reduce environmental and human 

health risks along the U.S.lMexico Border 

and the Great Lakes, EPA employs both 

voluntary and regulatory measures. Efforts 

in the U.S.lMexico Border area utilize a 

series of workgroups that focus on priority 

issues ranging from water infrastructure and 

hazardous waste to outreach efforts focusing 

on communiti es and businesses in the border 

VI- I 

517.7 504.7 ( 13.0) 

area. The programs were initi all y conceived 

in a Federal-Io-Federal context. While this 

may have been appropriate at the start, it is 

clea r that today in both countri es, non .. 

Federal governments arc the appropriate 

entities for developing and carrying out 

much of the work of protecting the border 

environment. The experi ence of the last six 

years has shown U.S. border states as key 

participants in workgroup activities with 

similar experience on the Mexico side. In 
Goal 6: Reduction of Global and Cross-Border Environmental Risks 

the past year all border states have stressed 

the need for greater decentralization of 

environmental authority, and in FY 1999, 

States and the Federal government agreed to 

a set o f principles that clarify the roles of the 

governments and advance State and Triba l 

participation. Under a new environmenta l 

plan developed with SEMARNAP (EPA,s 

Mexican counterpart), targeted for 

completion by December 2002, the States 

and Tribes will playa morc substantial and 

meaningful role in: 

• Delennining how Federal border 

programs are developed and funded: 

• Focusing on developing regional 

workgroups that empower border 

citizens; and 

• Ensuring that programs devolve 

from Mexico=s Federal government 

to the Mexican states, with 

corresponding funding. 

The 2001 Great Lakes Strategy, 

developed by EP A:s Great Lakes National 

Pro&rram Offi ce (GLN PO) and Federal, 

state, and Tribal agencies in consultation 

with the public, advances U.S. Great Lakes 

Water Quality Agreement implementation 

Its long-range vision (a healthy natural 

environment where a ll beaches are open for 

swimming, all fish are safe to eat, and the 

Lakes are protected as a safe source of 

drinking water) is supported by Lakewide 

Management Plans and Remedial Action 

Plans for Areas of Concern. Progress is 

measured through the Integrated 

Atmospheric Deposition etwork and 

GLN PO's open water, fish, and sediments 

monitoring. To prevent degradation of the 

marIne e nvironment, the Agency, 111 

conjunction with the Department of State. 

the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration (NOAA), and other Federa l 

agencies, is focusing on the negotiation and 

VI- 2 

implementation of lega ll y-binding multilateral agreements. These agreements are 

designed to address sources of marine 

poll ution that impact the United States. 

EPA will meet its climate change 

objectives by both worki ng with business 

and other sectors to deliver multi ple benefits 

8 from cleaner air to lower energy bills B 

whi le continuing to improving overa ll 

scientifi c understanding of climate change 

and its potential consequences. The core of 

EPA=s climate cha nge efforts are 

gove rnment/industry partnership programs 

designed to capitali ze on the tremendous 

opportunities avai lable to consumers, 

businesses, and orga ni zations to make sound 

investments in e ffi cient equipment and 

practi ces. These voluntary programs 

remove barriers in the marketplace, resulting 

in faster deployment of energy efficient 

tec hnology into the residential, commercial, 

transportation, and industrial sectors of the 

economy. Through the Clean Automotive 

Technology initiati ve, EPA will work with 

industry to develop and commerc iali ze fueleffic ient hydraulic hybrid and ad vanced 

engine technologies that will utili ze EPA 

deve loped technologies. 

EPA is also engaged in working with 

key developing countries and economiesin-transition to provide capacity building 

and technology transfer in areas of air 

quality, transportation, clean energy use and 

energy e ffic iency, and cleaner production. 

Working hand- in-hand with international 

partners, these joint activities support more 

sustainable practi ces and lead to greenhouse 

gas emissions reduclions as well as build 

local technical capac ity for deve loping 

countri es to take on commitments to reduce 

greenhouse gas emissions und er the 1992 

Climate Convention. EPA's acti vities 

provide infomlation shari ng and training and 
Goal 6: Reduction of Global and Cross-Border Environmental Risks 

contribute to the fulfillment of U.S. 

commitments under the Climate Convention 

to facilitate technology transfer to 

deve loping countri es. 

In orde r to restore am protect the 

ea rtl"J;s stratospheric ozone layer. EPA will 

work on both domestic and international 

fronts to limit the production and use of 

ozone-depleting substances and to develop 

safe alternati ve compounds. EPA will a lso 

provide education about the risk of 

environmental and hea lth consequences of 

overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. 

To address the risks associated with 

persistent and bioaccumulati ve substances 

and other toxies, the Agency employs two 

fundamental approaches. The first approach 

seeks to minimize the hannful impacts of 

toxic substances known to c irculate in the 

environment over long distances through the 

negotiation and implementation of specific 

treaties. The second approach focu ses on 

the cooperative efforts of the Organization 

for Economic Cooperation and Development 

(OECO) and other international 

organizations working to develop 

harmoni zed methods for testing and 

assessing the toxicity of chemi cals, and for 

measuring the effects of chemi cals to 

humans and the environment. 

In aldition to the specific strategies 

noted above. the Agency employs a variety 

of means to achi eve the environmental 

objectives outlined in this goal. These 

include: 

• Implementing forma l bilateral and 

multilateral environmental agreements with key countries, executing 

environmental components of key 

fore ign policy initiatives, and, In 

partnership with the Department of 

VI-3 

• 

• 

Slate, engagmg In regional and 

global negotiations aimed at 

reducing risks via formal and 

informa l agreements. 

Working with other countri es to 

ensure that domestic and international environmental 

poli cies, and priorities 

cognized and implemented. 

laws, 

are rePartnering with other Federal 

agencies, states, business, and 

environmenta l grou ps to promote the 

flow of envi ronmentall y sustainable 

technologies and services worl dwide. 

Research 

EPA:s Global Change Research 

Program contri butes to the Agency:s goa l of 

reduc ing greenhouse gas emissions by 

providi ng the knowledge to allow policy 

makers to find the most appropriate, 

science-based solutions to reduce risks to 

human health and ecosystems posed by 

climate change (e.g., the impacts climate 

change could have on the spread of vectorborne and water- borne disease, as we ll as on 

air and water quality). The Agency is 

worki ng to assess the vulnerability of human 

health and ecosystems to vari ous 

environmental stressors (e.g., climate 

change, land-use change, UV radiation) at 

the regional scale, and to assess adaptation 

strategies. 

Highlights 

In FY 2003, EPA will use a variety 

of approaches to build international 

cooperation and technical capacity and to 

prevent harm to the global environment and 

ecosystems we share with other nations. 
Goal 6: Reduction of Global and Cross-Border Environmental Risks 

one of EPA=s largest areas of potential, and 

at the same time is one of its most 

successful. EPA will continue to build upon 

the successful ENERGY STAR partnerships 

(including ENERGY STAR Labeling and the 

ENERGY Sr AR Buildings Program) and work 

toward the goal of offsetting about 24% of 

the growth in greenhouse gas emissions 

above 1990 levels expected by 20 lO in this 

sector. EP ks programs will contribute 

about 43 MMTCE annually in greenhouse 

gas reductions by 20 I 0 while saving 

businesses and consumers more than $14 

billion. In addition, EPA will continue work 

in the Industry and Transportation Sectors as 

well as fostering efforts In carbon 

sequestration. 

EPA will continue to work closely 

with state an ~ local partners to assess the air 

quality, health, and economic benefits of 

reducing greenhouse gas emissions and 

developing practi cal risk reduction 

strategies. And, it will establish international 

partnerships that will link industrial 

efficiency, reduction of greenhouse gases, 

and sustainable development. 

Stratospheric Ozone 

To protect the earths stratospheric 

ozone layer in accordance with the United 

States: commitment to the Montreal 

Protocol, EPA will continue to regulate 

ozone-depleting compounds, foster the 

development and use of alternative 

chemicals in the U.S. and abroad, inform the 

public about the dange rs of overexposure to 

UV radiation, and use pollution prevention 

strategies to require the recycling of ozonedepleting substances (ODSs) and 

hydrofl ourocarbons. 

VI-6 

Toxies and PoIJutants 

Reduced risks from toxics, especially 

persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and 

selected metals that circulate in the 

environment at global and regional scales, 

will be achieved by working with other 

countries within the frameworks 

established by international instruments B to 

control the production or phase-out from the 

use of targeted chemi cals. EPA is also 

working to reach agreement on import and 

export requirements appli cable to certain 

chemicals, an expansion of poll utant release 

and transfer registers and the harmonization 

of chemical testing, assessment and labeling 

procedures. The goal of international 

harmonization of test guidelines is to reduce 

the burden on chemical compani es of 

repeated testing in satisfying the regul atory 

requirements of different jurisdictions both 

within the United States and internationall y. 

Harmonization also expands the universe of 

toxic chemicals for which needed testing 

infonnation IS available, and fosters 

effi ciency III international infonnation 

exchange and mutual international 

acceptance of chcmi cal test data. EPA will 

continue to cooperate closely with other 

Federal agencies and with other 

industrialized nations within the program 

framework of the Organization for 

Economic Cooperation and Development 

(OECD) in hannonizing testing guideli nes. 

The U.S. is working with other 

OECD member countries 10 implement the 

International Screening Infornlation Data 

Set (SIDS) program, a voluntary 

international cooperati ve testing program 

begun in 1990. The program focuses on 

developing base-leve l test information 

(including data on basic chemistry, 

environmental fate, environmental effects 

and health effects) for international high 
Goal 6: Reduction of Global and Cross-Border E nvironmental Risks 

production volume chemicals. SIDS data 

will be used to screen chemicals and to set 

pnorltles for further testing am/or 

assessment. The Agency will review testing 

needs for 75 SIDS chemi cals in FY 2003. 

POPs Implementation 

The United States recently signed the 

Stockholm Convention on persiste nt organic 

pollutants (POPs) which addresses 

substances such as DDT, PCBs and dioxins. 

These substances travel great distances in 

the environment and thus threaten humans 

and the ecosystem in the U.S., despite 

domestic efforts to reduce releases. The 

problem is especially acute in Alaska and 

the Great Lakes, where POPs are taken up in 

the food chain and impact Native Ameri cans 

who depend on subsistence foods. This 

convention will require ratifying countri es to 

reduce and/or eliminate thei r produc ti on, 

use, and/or re lease of specified POPs. To 

ensure that deve loping countries comply 

with obl igations under this convention. the 

U.S. IS working with the Globa l 

Environment Facility (a joint fu ndi ng 

program run by the World Bank, the United 

Nations Environment Program, and the 

United Nations Development Program) to 

carry out capacity-buildi ng programs III 

developing countries. 

In FY 2003, EPA will target new and 

existing resources to: (I) provide techni cal 

and financia l assistance to key 

countries/regions, with an emphasis on those 

whose releases most di rectly affect the U.S. 

(e.g., Russia, Central America. and the 

Ca ri bbean); (2) address key priorities/areas 

of need for each country as wc ll as gaps in 

technical and financial assistance: (3) 

maximize use of existing bilateral and 

regional partnerships, such as the North 

American Commission on Environmental 

VI-7 

Cooperation (NACEC) and the Arctic 

Council, to achieve efficiencies and leverage 

fundi ng; and (4) support international 

cooperative efforts, such as monitoring and 

assessment, to identify trends and establish 

priorities. 

Research 

EPA will assess the potential 

consequences of global change B including 

climate va riability and change, land use 

changes, and UV radiation B on air quality, 

water quality. ecosystem hea lth, and public 

hea lth. EPA will also assess potential 

adaptation strategies for building resilience 

to global change, whil e responding to both 

risks and opportunities. The program will 

continue to focus on providing scientific 

infonnation to support decision making by 

poli cy makers, resource managers, and othe r 

stakeholders. In FY 2003 , EPt.s G.loba l 

Change Research Program will place 

particular emphasis on continuing its 

support for the assessment of the 

consequences of global change withi n 

regions and sectors, the ongoing U.S. 

National Assessment activities, and other 

related U.S. Global Change Research 

Pro,gram (USGCRP) assessment acti vities, 

The Program will emphasize assessing the 

potential effects of climate change on 

weather-related morbidity and will conti nue 

to support the maintenance of the UV 

monitoring network and da ta coll ection 

using the network. Additional areas of foc us 

in FY 2003 will be contin ui ng the 

assessment of potential consequences of 

global change for air quality (which wi ll 

inform air quality managers and other 

decision makers about how climate change 

might affect regional concentrations of 

criteria air poll utants), water quality (whi ch 

will inform managers of public water 

systems of how climate change might affect 
Goal 6: Reduction of Global arid Cross-Border Environmental Risks 

water quality in states and localities), and 

aquatic ecosystem health. 

2003 Annual Performance Goals 

• In 2003, increase the number of 

residents in the Mexico border area 

who are protected from health risks, 

beach pollution and damaged 

ecosystems from nonexistent and 

failing water and wastewater 

treatment infrastructure by providing 

improved water and wastewater 

service. 

• In 2003, Great Lakes ecosystem 

components will improve, including 

progress on fish contaminants, beach 

toxies. air toxies, and trophi c status. 

• In 2003, greenhouse gas emissions 

wiil be reduced from projected levels 

by approximately 73 .5 MM TCE per 

year through EPA partnerships with 

businesses, schools, state and local 

governments, and 'other 

organizations thereby offse tting 

growth in greenhouse gas emissions 

VI- 8 

• 

• 

• 

• 

above 1990 level by aboUl 20%. 

In 2003, reduce energy consumption 

from proj ected leve ls by more than 

95 billion kilowatt hours, 

contributing to over $ 11 billion in 

energy sav1l1gs to consumers and 

busi nesses. 

In 2003 , restrict domesti c 

consumption of class II HCFCs 

below 9,960 ODP-weighted metric 

tormes (ODP MTs) and restri ct 

domestic exempted production and 

import of newly produced class I 

CFCs and halons below 10,000 ODP 

MTs. 

In 2003, reduce envirorunenta l 

exposure to US and selected 

Countries o f concern from Persistent 

Organi c Pollutants (POPs) through 

the implementation of the Stoc kholm 

Convention on POPs. 

In 2003, enhance environmenta l 

management and institutional capabilities 111 priority countries. 
Goal 6: Reduction of Global and Cross-Border Environmental Risks 

G oal 6: Reduction or Enviro nmental Risks Key Programs 

(dollars iII/hOI/sands) 

Climate Change Research 

Climate Protection Program: Bu ildings 

Cli mate Protection Program: Ca rbon Remova l 

Cli mate Protection Program: Industry 

Climate Protection Program: Int cnlational Capacity Building 

Climate Protection Program: Slate and Local Climate C hange Program 

Climafc Protection Program: Tnansporlation 

Commission for Environmental Cooperation - CEC 

Congrcssiqnally Mand<lted Projects 

EnvironmcnI and Trade 

Facilities Infrastructure and Opcr:uions 

Global Toxies 

Global Trade Issues for Pesticides and Chemicals 

Great Lakes 

Great Lakes National Program Office 

Legal Services 

Management Services and StewardShip 

MultilatcTlll Fund 

rops Implementation 

Regional and Global Environmental Policy Development 

Stratospheric Ozone Protection 

Techn ical Cooperation with Industrial and Developing Countries 

U.S. - Mexico Border 

Water Infrastructure: Mexico Border 

VI-9 

FY 2002 

Enacls;:g 

521.350.5 

S48.571.3 

51.549.7 

$25.368.6 

$6.982.8 

$2.245.6 

530.830.7 

$3.31)6. 4 

5750.0 

51.672.6 

$7.343.5 

$1.522.8 

$3,09 1.2 

$537.6 

$14.929.7 

$1.905.9 

$3.370.0 

$9,575.8 

$0.0 

52,362.7 

$5.602.7 

$4,478.4 

54,149.5 

$75,000.0 

FY 2003 

President's 

R£guest 

$21.729.3 

S49.820.5 

51.576.3 

$25.673. 1 

57.0X6.5 

$2.275.2 

521.567.2 

$3.535. 3 

$0.0 

$1.844.3 

$6.875.2 

S 1.41 5. 1 

53, 125.4 

$0.0 

$ 15. 128.2 

$2.049.1 

$3,386.7 

$<).575.X 

$6!W.3 

$2,046.8 

55.642.2 

$4.330. 1 

$5.364.6 

$75.000.0 

Goal 7: 

Quality Environmental 

Information 

Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information 

, ... 11. 1.0% Strategic Goal: The public and decision makers at all levels will have 

access to information about enviromnental conditions and human health to 

inform decision making and help assess the general environmental health of 

communities. The public will also have access to educational services and 

information services and tools that provide for the reliable and secure 

exchange of quality environmental infonnation. 

Resource Summary 

(dollars ill thousands) 

Quality Environmental Information 

FY 2002 

Enacted 

$197,067.8 

FY 2003 

Request 

$199,124.0 

FY 2003 YS. 

FY 2002 

$2,056.2 

Increase A va ilability of Quality Hea lth and Environmental 

Information $12 1.920.2 5 120,4 14.7 ($1 ,505.5) 

Provide Access to Tools for Using Environmental 

Information 553,26 1.9 548, 181.3 ($5,080.6) 

Improve Agency Information Infrastructure and Security 521,885.7 530,528.0 $8,642.3 

Workyears 

Means and Strategy 

The purpose of this goal is to provide 

government decision makers and the 

Amcrican publi c with information about the 

envi ronment. Environmental information 

can bettcr enable the public to understand 

conditions ·and make informed dec isions 

about protecting the health and the 

environment of local communities. It can 

lead to creati ve and sustainable solutions to 

environmental problems and opportunities 

for poll ution prevention. Environmental 

information of known and documented 

quality is crucial to sound decision making 

and to establishing publ ic trust and 

VII-I 

840.1 847.1 7.0 

confidence i1 those decisions. EPA and its 

partners will focus on eight activities to 

accomplish this goa l. 

First, EPA will continue to increase 

the ava il abi lity of health and environmental 

information by providing 

access to accurate 

citizens with 

and reliable 

environmental information. For instance, 

with the final expansion of Window To My 

Environlllenr - a geographi c portal to 

community-based environmental infonnation - EPA is moving forward on its 

mandate to provide the public with 

electronic and nOil'elec tronic access to 

accurate, useful, and reliable environmental 
Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information 

The Agency will acti vely participate 

in several of the Administration's electronic 

government (e-gov) initiatives, building on 

efforts started in 2002. E-Gov is a major 

component of the President's Management 

Agenda and will spur government-wide 

service improvements and efficiencies. 

EPA's work will include online rule- making 

(e-dockets), electroni c dockets management, 

and parti cipation in the human resources and 

financia l management improvement 

projects. 

The Agency's environmental justice 

program will help communities access 

infonnation to ensure that they do not 

experience a disproportionate amount of 

pollution. Since 1994, more than 950 grants 

have been awarded to community 

organizations. As a result of these grant 

awards, community- based organ izations 

(i.e. , grassroots groups, churches, and other 

nonprofit orga ni zations) have expanded 

citizen involvement and given residents the 

tools to leam more about exposure to 

environmental harms and about assoc iated 

risks and to protect their families and their 

communities. These sma ll grants have 

served as the "seed-money" for 

empowerment of the residents of these 

communities, allowing them to speak for 

themselves and make the ir own decisions. In 

2003, the program will continue to assist 

community-based organizations through the 

community small grants program. 

Key to achi eving our objectives will 

be the further development of the Exchange 

Network. The Network builds on a 

strengthened partnership between EPA and 

the states. It uses an internet-based, multimedia approach to environmental 

information exchange that is standardsbased, highly connected, fl exible, and 

secure. The Exchange Network will provide 

VII-4 

a wide range of shared environmental 

information to the states, Tribes, localities, 

regulated community, EPA, and the public. 

Additionally. through the information grant 

program, begun in 2002, States and Tribes 

will be bener positioned to parti cipate in the 

Exchange Network. 

The Central Data Exchange (CDX) 

is the electronic portal through which 

information is securely received, translated 

and forwarded data to EPA's data systems. 

In 2003, the CDX infrastructure, a key 

component of the Exchange Network, will 

servi ce 45 states and a total of 25,000 

facili ties, companies, and laboratories will 

usc it to provide data to EPA electronicall y. 

By widely implementing an electroni c 

reporting infrastructure, CDX will reduce 

reliance on less efficient paper-based 

processes, resulting in improved data 

quality, reduced reporting burden, and the 

creation of new opportuniti es for 

simplifying the reporting process. By the 

end of 2003, electronic reporting through 

CDX will be possible for all of the national 

environmental systems. 

In 2003, data standa rds will be 

expanded to include additional areas of 

environmental information. Access to 

related information for use by EPA's 

partners and stakeholders will be greatly 

enhanced by improvements to the 

Environmental Data Registries. This system 

of registries will continue to provide the 

technical detail needed to promote the 

adoption of data standards by other parti es, 

and will also provide authoritati ve sources 

for popUlating records, thereby promoting 

data sharing and integration. 

Users of EPA's website have a tool 

for notifying the Agency of potential errors 

they find in the national environmental data 
Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information 

systems. The error correction program is the 

first step in an internal process by which the 

Agency or a state will assess all reported 

potential errors, and notify the individual 

who reported the error of the findings and 

corrective actions. This program will 

continue to operate in 2003 and will serve as 

the basis for the data and information quality 

"complaint resolution process" ca lled for in 

the O ffice of Management and Budget's 

recentl y-published quality guidelines. 

Citi zens and the regulated 

community will have greater online access 

to information conta ined in EPA's rulemaki ng dockets. The Regulatory Public 

Access System will be the internet 

complement to EPA's combined docket 

fac ility, and will be first available in mid2002 and more" fu ll y populated in 2003. 

This effort is part of the Administration's egovernment initiative. 

in partnershi p with the states, the 

Agency will continue its efforts to expand 

publicly available infonnation. both 

electronically via the internet and through 

no n- electronic medi a. This includes tre 

Enviro facts database, a major data 

wa rehouse comprised of II national 

databases. It is used extensively by EPA, 

the states, and the pUblic. 

In 2003, the Agency will continue its 

e fforts to promote public access through the 

Agency's Access to Interpretative 

Documents projec t (fonna ll y known as 

Enhanced Public Access). This project is 

designed to make all signifi cant Agency 

guidance, policy statements, and 

site-specific interpretatio ns of regul ated 

emities environmental management 

practices electronically available to the 

states, industry, and the public in a secure 

manner. 

VII- 5 

EPA will continue to implement the 

Toxics Release In ventory (TRI) Program. 

The TRI Program pro vides the publi c with 

infonnation on waste management · and 

releases of chemi ca ls to the environment. 

Two laws, Section 3 13 of the Emergency 

Pl anning and Community Right-To-Know 

Ac. (EPCRA) and Sec. ion 6607 of .he 

Pollution Prevention Act, mandate that EPA 

annuall y collect infonnation on listed toxic 

chemicals from certain industries and make 

the infonnation ava il able to the public 

through vario us means, including a publicly 

accessi ble national database. Usi ng this 

infonnation, citizens, businesses, 

community groups, researchers, and 

governments can work together to better 

protect the environment. 

in 2003, EPA will continue to reduce 

TRI reporting burdens on industry and 

improve TRJ data quality by distributing its 

new software tool, "TRI Made-Easy (TRIME)." EPA expects to further increase the 

percentage of TRI reporting fonns that are 

submitted in digital fonnat. EPA will 

continue to re fine and expand the public's 

understanding of TRI data by improving 

data access tools such as the "TRI 

Explorer." In 2003, EPA will release data 

for the first reporting year since the Agency 

lowered the TRI reporting thresholds for 

lead and lead compounds in 200 I. EPA will 

also be issuing a rule to transition from 

using the old industry classification system, 

the Standard Industrial Code system, to the 

new classification system, the North 

Ameri can Industry Classifi cation System for 

TRI reporting. As part o f its on- going 

responsibilities under the Emergency 

Pl anning and Community Ri ght-to-Know 

Act (EPCRA), EPA will continue to respond 

to petitions to add and delete chemi ca ls on 

the TRl list and to other petitiorE to amend 

the program. 
Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information 

In 2003, the Agency will continue to 

modernize its information systems in 

cooperation with the states. Modernization 

efforts will focus on data integration and 

data qua lity. These projects will be planned 

and managed under the Clinger-Cohen Act 

investment review with oversight by EPA 

management. 

EPA's information technology 

program will maintain its commitment to 

strong customer service and strategic 

investment in new technology to ensure our 

contin ued ability to deliver informatDIl 

servIces efficiently. e ffectively, and 

securely. Through emphasis on acquiring 

the right skills, technologies, and services, 

EPA will take additional steps to strengthen 

and secure the Agency's information 

technology infrastructure. Tn 2003, EPA 

will implement a program to ensure that all 

of its central infrastructure, finan a~ a nd 

mission criti cal environmental systems are 

assessed for potential security risks as part 

of regular system security plan updating. 

EPA's quality program will conti nue 

to develop the Agency-wide policies a nd 

proccdures for planning, documenting, 

implementing, and assessi ng data coll ection 

and use in Agency dec isions. The quality 

program will also develop training material 

on the various policies and ove rsee 

implementation of EPA's quality systems. 

Research 

In FY 2003, the Agency wi ll 

continue to provide technical guidance for 

conducting risk assessments to improve the 

scientific basis for decision making. To 

achieve this goal, the Agency's Risk 

Assessment Forum will focus in three areas: 

c umulative risk assessme nt, ecological risk 

assessment, and risk assessments for 

VIJ-6 

children. Efforts will result in technical 

guidance on the identification of appropriate 

age groupings for exposure assessments for 

c hildren, technical issue papers, and a 

framework for preparing cumulative risk 

assessments. EPA wi ll also coll ect, manage, 

and present environmenta l infonnation for 

the benefit of the Agency and the public in 

order to enhance the availability and utility 

of data, infonnation, and tools for decision 

making. To that end, the Agency will 

deve lop and/or update Agency consensus 

human health assessments for 8- J 0 

environmental substances of high priority to 

EPA and make them publicly availabl e on 

Integrated Risk Infonnation System (IRIS). 

2003 Annual Performance Goals 

• In 2003, dec ision makers have access 

to the environmental data that EPA 

collects and manages to make sound 

environmental decisions whil e 

minimizing the rcporting burden on 

data providers. 

• 

• 

In 2003, the public will have bette r 

infonnation on toxic releases and 

wastes being managed 111 their 

communities. EPA will also work 

with the owners and operators of 

fa cilities to reduce the recordkeeping and reporting burdens 

associated with submitting their TRJ 

fonns to EPA by 14%. 

In 2003, ensure that EPA's policies, 

programs and activities address 

disproportionate ly exposed and 

under-represented popUlation issues 

so that no segment suffers 

disproportionately from adverse 

health and environmental effects. 
• 

Goal 1: Quality Environmental Information 

In 2003, the public will have access 

to a wide range of Federal, state, and 

local infonnation about local 

environmental conditions and 

features in an area of their choice. 

• 

VII-7 

In 2003, OMB reports that all EPA 

infonnation systems meet/exceed 

established standards for security. 
Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information 

Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information Key Programs 

(dollars iI/thousands) 

FY 2003 

FY 2002 Preside nt's 

En i!ctcd ~!J cst 

Capacity Buildi ng SO.O $162.8 

Communicating Research Infonnation $5.543.7 $5.569.6 

Community Assistance $650.2 $921.8 

Congressional Projects $2,078.6 $1.991.3 

Congressionally Mandated Projects $7,275.0 $0.0 

Congrcs~ional cgislativc Analysis $4.852.2 $4.857.8 

Correspondence Coordi nation S 1,200.7 $1 .096.3 

Data Collection $ 125.9 $ 125.9 

Data Management Sl.400.7 $2.630.1 

Data Standards $5.339,9 $6.480.6 

Direct Public Informat ion and Assistance $8.612.7 $8,998.4 

Environmental Education Division $9.160.2 $0.0 

Environmental Justice $5.064.4 $4 ,978.8 

Executive Support $0.0 $83.0 

Fac ilities Infrastructure and Operations S11.516.6 SI0.935.8 

Geospatial $1.0 15.3 $743.4 

Homeland Security" $607.8 $473.3 

In formation Exchange Network S25.000.0 $25.000.0 

Infonnation Integration $6.1 16.1 S20. 157.0 

Information Technology Management S28.521.4 S28.082.3 

Intergovernmental Relations - OA $1.5 19.8 $UD5.4 

Legal Se rvices $2.979.6 $3.210.0 

Management Services and Stewardship $2.697.7 $2.369.0 

Multi-Media Communicatio ns S~21.3 $870.3 

NACEPT Support $ 1.803.1 $ 1.670. 1 

NAFT A Imp lementation $514.3 $747.{) 

National Assoc iation Li aison $346.0 $262.5 

Pesticide Registration $570.6 $221.4 

Pesticide Reregistration $392.2 $198. 1 

Pub lic Access $12,485.3 $15.569.4 

Regional Management $ 1.977.9 $2.022. 1 

Regional Operatio ns and Liaison $547.5 $477.6 

VlI-8 
Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information 

Regulatory Development 

Rei nventing EnvirOllmclltal lnfomul1ion (REI ) 

SBREFA 

Small. Minority. Women-Owned Business Assistance 

System Modernizat ion 

Toxic Release Inventory I Right-to-Know (RtK) 

Web Products Qua lity Control 

$5,000.5 

$8,623.8 

$686.2 

$2.295.5 

$ 13.690.0 

$14. 155.6 

$879.5 

$4.817.4 

$7.900.0 

$60fi.8 

$3.305.0 

SI3.690.0 

SI5.293.2 

$767.0 

·FY 2002 does 1101 inellide $/75.6 millioll provided ill the Emergency Supplemental Appropriatioll.I' AClfor 

Home/alld Seclll'il,r, 

VJJ-9 

Goal 8: 

Sound Science, Improved 

Understanding of 

Environmental Risk and 

Greater Innovation to 

Address Environmental 

Problems 

GoalS: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental 

Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems 

Strategic Goal: EPA will develop and apply the best available science for 

addressing current and future environmental hazards as well as new 

approaches toward improvi ng environmental protection. 

Resource Summary 

(dollars in thousands) 

FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2003 VS. 

Enacted Regucst FY 2002 

Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Env. 

Risk, and Greater Innovation to Address Env. 

Problems $336,066.9 $327.837.9 ($8,229.0) 

Conduct Research for Ecosystem Assessment and 

Restoration $ 120.594.7 $1 19. 114.6 ($1,480. 1) 

Improve Scientific Basis to Manage Environmental 

Hazards and Exposures $53.021.7 $56.355.0 $3,333.3 

Enhance Capabi lities to Respond to Future 

Environmental Developments $62.808.9 $50.965 .8 ($11.843.1) 

Improve Environmental Systems Management $57.723 .6 $52.274.1 ($5.449.5) 

Quanti fy Environmental Results of Partnership 

Approaches $8.672.7 $9,058.4 $385.7 

Incorporate Innovative Approaches $23,324.5 $29,787.9 $6.463.4 

Demonstrate Regional Capability to Assist 

Environmental Decision· Making $6.677.9 $6.591.8 ($86.1 ) 

Conduct Peer Review to Improve Agency 

Decisions $3.242.9 $3,690.3 $447.4 

Workyears 989.6 996.3 6.7 

VIII-I 
GoalS: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental 

Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems 

Means and Strategy 

EPA is continuing to ensure that it is 

a source of sound scientific and technical 

information, and that it is on the leading 

edge of environmental protection 

innovations that will allow achievemenl of 

our strategic objectives. The Agency 

consults a number of expert sources. both 

internally and externally. and uses several 

deliberative steps in planning its research 

programs. As a starting point, the Agency 

draws input from the EPA Strategic Plan. 

available research plans. EPA program 

offices and Regions. Federal research 

partners, and outside peer advisory bodies 

such as the Science Advisory Board (SAB). 

This input is used internally by cross-office 

teams that prioritize research areas using 

risk and other fac tors such as National 

Science and Technology Council (NSTC) 

research and development priorities. client 

office priorities. court orders. and legislative 

mandates. EPA's research program 

increases our understanding of 

environmental processes and our capability 

to assess environmental risks to both human 

health and ecosystems. 

In the area of ecosystem protection 

research, EPA will stri ve to establish 

baseli ne conditions from which changes. and 

ultimately trends, in the ecological condition 

of the Nation's aquatic ecosystems can be 

confidently documented. and from which the 

results of environmental management 

poli cies can be evaluated at regional scales. 

Currently, there is a patchwork of 

monitoring underway in the aquatic systems 

of the U.S. Due to differences in objectives. 

methods. monitoring designs, and needs, 

these data cannot be combined to estimate, 

with known confidence. the magnitude or 

extent of improvement or degradation 

VIII-2 

regionally or nationally in this economicall y 

critical resource. Therefore. the ability to 

demonstrate success or fa ilure of 

increasingly tlexible watershed management 

policies. regionally and nationally. is also 

nOI possible. EPA's ecosystem protection 

research program is providing the methods 

and designs to address these weaknesses. In 

FY 2003. EPA will produce a report on the 

condition of the nation's estuaries. This 

report will provide the first integrated. 

comprehensive. and statistically valid 

national report card on the health of a 

specific aq uatic resource. This work is an 

important step toward providing the 

scientific understanding to measure, model, 

maintain. and restore the integrity and 

suslainability of ecosystems. 

In order to improve the scientifi c 

basis for identifying. characterizi ng. 

assessing, and managing environmental 

exposures that can pose the greatest health 

risks 10 the American public. EPA is 

committed to developing and verify ing 

innovative methods and models for 

assessing the susceptibilities of subpopulations. such as children. to 

environmental agents such as pesticides. 

Many of the current human health risk 

assessment methods. models. and databases 

are based on environmental risks for adults. 

This research is aimed at enhancing current 

risk assessment and management strategies 

and guidance to better consider risk 

determination needs for children. This 

infonllation will be useful in detennini ng 

whether children are more susceptible to 

environmental risks than adults and how to 

assess risks to children. 

EPA's leadership role in protecting 

both human and ecosystem health requires 

that the Agency continue to be vigil ant in 
GoalS: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental 

Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems 

identifying and addressing emerging issues. 

EPA will continue 10 enhance its capabilities 

to anti cipate. understand. and respond to 

future environmental developments. EPA 

will address these uncertainties by 

conducting research in areas that combine 

human health and ecological considerations. 

Continued research in the areas of endocrine 

disrupting chemicals and mercury is leading 

toward the deve lopment of improved 

methodologies for integrated human health 

and environmenta l risk assessment and 

sound approaches for risk management. 

EPA will conduct research to enhance its 

capacity 10 evaluate the economic costs and 

benefits and other social impacts of 

environmental policies. These efforts. 

undertaken in concert with other agencies. 

wi ll result in improved methods to assess 

economic costs and benefits. such as 

improved economic assessments of land use 

poli cies and improved assessments for the 

valuation of children's health. as well as 

other social impacts of environmental 

decision-making. 

The Agency also seeks to 

characterize, prevent. and clean up 

contaminants associated wi th high priority 

human health and environmental problems 

through the development and verification of 

improved environmental tools and 

technologies. EPA will incorporate a 

holistic approach to pollution prevention by 

assessmg the interaction of multiple 

stressors threatening both human and 

environmental health. and by developing 

cost-effective responses to those stressors. 

Research will also explore the principles 

governing sustainable systems and the 

integration of sociaL economic. and 

environmental objectives in environmental 

assessment and management. Emphasis will 

be placed on develo ping and assessing 

VIII-3 

preventive approaches for industries and 

communllies having difficulty meeting 

pollution standards. The Agency is 

accumulati ng data on performance and costs 

of environmental pollution prevention and 

control technologies that will serve as a 

basis for EPA. as we ll as other 

organizations. to eval uate and compare 

effectiveness and costs of a variety of 

technologies developed within and outside 

the Agency. 

In FY 2003. EPA wi ll improve its 

regulatory and poli cy deve lopment process. 

The Agency will strengthen the poli cy 

analysis of key regul atory and nonregulatory actions. improve the economic 

ana lysis underlying Agency actions, and 

improve the regulatory and policy action 

infonnation management system. 

The Agency also seeks to deve lop 

and verify improved tools. methodologies. 

and technologies for modeling. measuri ng. 

characterizing. preventing. controlling, and 

cleaning up contaminants assoc iated with 

high priority human health and 

environmental problems. In order to do this. 

EPA will deve lop, evaluate, and deli ver 

technologies and approaches that eliminate. 

minimize. or control high risk pollutants 

from multiple sec tors. Emphasis will be 

placed on preventive approaches ror 

industries and comm unities having diffic ulty 

meeting comrol/emissionlemuent standards. 

EPA's strategy for solvi ng 

environmental problems and Improving our 

system of environmental protection includes 

deve loping, implementing and institutionalizing new policy tools, coll aborative 

community-based and sector-based 

strategies, and the capacity to expe riment. 

test. and disseminate innovati ve ideas that 
GoalS: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental 

Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems 

result in better environmental outcomes. In 

each area, EPA is looking to advance the 

application of the innovative tool or 

approach by promoting broader testing and 

incorporation into our system of 

environmental protection and to support 

collaborative partnerships for environmenta l 

management based upon prudent ana lysis 

and decision methodologies. For example. 

EPA's Sector p.rogram Plan 2001-2005 sets 

forth a vision and specific actions to 

enhance the effectiveness of innovative 

sector activities (al the Federal and state 

levels) and to fully integrate sector 

approaches into the Agency" s overall 

mission and core programs. Similarly. EPA 

is strengthening its capacity to evaluate 

innovative approaches and make 

institutional changes that adopt successful 

innovations. 

EPA's community-based approach 

works to provide integrated assessment tools 

and information and direct assistance for 

environmental protection in partnership with 

local. state. and Tribal governments. The 

work focuses on building the capacity of 

commumtles to work effecti ve ly at 

identifying and solving environmenta l issues 

in ways that support healthy local economies 

and improved quality of life. 

Sector strategies complement current 

EPA activities by allowing the Agency to 

approach issues more holisti call y; tailor 

efforts to the particular characteristics of 

each sector; identify re lated groups of 

stakeholders with interest in a set of issues; 

link EPA"s efforts with those of other 

agenc ies; and craft new approaches to 

environmental protection. EPA is building 

on successful experiences from its current 

sector-based programs and sector-based 

compliance assistance programs to expand 

VIII-4 

the ways in which the Agency is working in 

partnership with industry sectors to meet 

high environmental standards using fl exible, 

innovative approaches. These programs a lso 

foster the development of innovations al the 

industry sector level, testing new regulatory 

ideas, technologies. tools. and incentives in 

non-adversarial settings. I.n a somewhat 

related effort. EPA is exploring the potential 

for broader use of a sector-based regulatory 

model for small businesses developed by the 

state of Massachusetts. 

Highlights 

Research for Ecosystem Assessment and 

ResfOration 

In order to balance the growth of 

human activity with the need to protect the 

environment. it is important to understand 

the current condition of ecosystems. what 

stressors are changing that condition. what 

the effects are of those changes. and what 

can be done to prevent, mitigate. or adapt to 

those changes. In FY 2003 EPA is 

proposing an initiative to refine and extend 

the Environmenta l Monitoring and 

Assessment Program's (EMAP) approach to 

the large rivers of the Mississippi Ri ver 

Basin (the Central Basi n). The large rivers 

of the Central Basin are the inland receivi ng 

walers fo r the majority of the Nation's 

heartl and, and are the link between small 

upl and streams and the Gulf of Mexico. 

Through cooperative programs with the 

Regions. States, Tribes. and other Federal 

agencies in the Central Basin. EPA proposes 

to fill remaining scientific gaps (indicators, 

sampling design. and sampling 

methodology) currently limiting our ability 

to measure the condition of large ri vers. 

EPA will use this information, a long with 

that provided by other agencies. to develop 
GoalS: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of E nvironmental 

Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems 

future baseline assessments of Centra l Basin 

ri vers. The approaches and technology 

developed within this effort will be 

transferred to the many responsible parties 

within the Basin to enable coordinated. 

scientifically defensible, long-tenn 

monitori ng of the condition of these rivers 

that can help inform environmental 

management decisions affecting these rivers 

as well as the Gulf of Mexico. These 

approaches and technologies will also have 

widespread applicability 10 all of the 

Nation's large ri ve rs. Also in FY 2003, the 

National Coasta l Assessment (NCA) 

program will produce a report on the 

condition of the nation's estuaries. This 

report will provide the EPA and Congress 

with the first integrated. comprehensive, and 

statistically valid national report card on the 

health of a specific aquatic resource. 

Research for Human Health Risk 

Assessment 

To reduce uncertainties in risk 

assessment. in FY 2003 human health 

research wi ll develop measurements. 

methods, and models to evaluate exposures 

and effects of environmenta l contaminants. 

particularly in children. The Agency will 

continue to support a chi ldren's health 

research program specifica ll y targeted at 

addressing major areas of uncertainty and 

susceptibility. In an effort to address 

chi ldre n's exposure in daycarc centers and 

school environments. EPA is proposing new 

research to develop information on 

exposure. determinants of exposure for 

children in school and daycare 

environments. and approaches to reduce 

potentially harmful exposures, and to link 

these with health outcomes that can be 

measured using school health attendance 

VIII-S 

and performance records. Other children's 

research focuses on asthma and data gaps 

(e.g., the Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study). 

EPA will a lso conduct research on 

the influence of genetic factors on 

responsiveness to environmental chemi cals. 

The main scientifi c question for this 

research is whether geneti c differences arc 

sufficient to influence risk assessment. 

Along with the current program designed to 

address aggregate and cumulative risks, in 

FY 2003 the Agency is proposing increased 

efforts to more comprehensively address 

these areas. This research is intended to 

complement and build on EPA's dra ft 

Human Health Research Sirategy. New 

research will add ress temporal variation in 

exposures and its influence on health effects, 

methods for predicting the re lative toxicity 

of mixture components. the development of 

biological markers that can quantify 

exposure, effects and susceptibility. and the 

use of the biological data and information on 

biological mechanisms and mode of action 

to assess cumulative risk. 

Reseorch 10 Enhance Environ mento/ 

Decision Making 

In recent years. EPA has begun to 

move beyond environmental regulation to 

anticipate and prevent potenti al problems 

before they evolve into major concerns. In 

FY 2003, research wi ll focus on improving 

our understanding of the impacts of potentia l 

exposure to environmental pollutants. 

particularly endocrine disrupting chemicals 

(EDCs) and mercury. on human health and 

the environment. and on developing 

approaches to reduce human heallh and 

ecological risks. This research will result in 

accessible and seaml ess methodologies for 

combined human health and ecological risk 
GoalS: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental 

Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems 

assessments. Additiona l research results 

wi ll include an improved framework for 

decision-making. increased ability to 

anticipate and perhaps prevent potentially 

serious environmental risks. improved 

methods for assessing socio-economic 

factors. and enhanced communication with 

the public and other stakeholders. EPA will 

a lso direct spec ia l grant solicitations to 

support research at Minority Institutions. 

This program specifi cally assists minority 

institutions in establishing and supporti ng 

environmenta l research activities that would 

build capacity to assess and solve 

environmenta l problems. The cumulative 

result of EPA resea rch is to provide sound 

approaches for risk management to dec ision 

makers. providing them with the integrated 

view of risk needed to make inte lligent 

choices. 

Improve Environmental 

Systems Management 

In FY 2003. the Agency will 

continue its systems-based approach to 

pollution prevention. whi ch will lead to a 

more thorough assessment of human health 

and environmental risks and a more 

comprehensive management of those risks. 

EPA will deve lop tools and methodologies 

to prevent pollution at its source and will 

evaluate environmental technologies 

through the Envi ronmental Technology 

Verification (ETV) Program. Research wi ll 

a lso deve lop methodologies to better convey 

the social. economic. and environmenta l 

costs and benefits of reducing environmenta l 

risks. Additionally. through the National 

Environmental Technology Competition 

(NETC). EPA will recognize and reward 

innovative technologies that produce more 

e ffective and lower cost solutions to 

environmental problems. In FY 2003. EPA 

VIII-6 

plans to develop competitive solic itations 

for technologies in vari ous areas of 

environmental concern. including arsenic 

treatment technologies for small community 

drinking water systems. Research efforts 

will also focus on the reduction of pe rsistent 

bioaccumulative toxics (PSTs) and volatile 

organic compounds (VOCs). This work will 

enhance EPA's ability 10 mitigate harm 

caused by environmenta l pollutants and will 

provide the public and pri vate sec tors with 

cost-effective environmental technologies. 

Regulatory and Polh)1 Developmenr 

EPA will improve its 

regulatory and poli cy development process 

by strengthening the poli cy ana lysis of key 

regulatory and non-regulatory ac tions. 

improving the economi c analysis underl ying 

Agency actions. and Improvlllg the 

regul atory and poli cy action information 

management system. 

Increased Commltnily-Based Approaches 

Regional Geographi c 

Initiati ves (RG I) are an approach EPA 

Regional offices usc to partner with states, 

local govemments. pri vate organizations. 

and others to solve environmental problems 

that are of particular local concern to the 

Regions and States. 

Science Advisory Board Peer Review and 

Consulrafions 

The Agency will continue to support 

the acti vities. principally peer reviews. or 

the SAS, \"lhich provides independent 

technica l advice to Congress and the 

Administrator on scientifi c. enginee ri ng, and 

economic Issues that serve as the 

underpinnings for Agency positions. from 
GoalS: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental 

Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems 

research direction to regulations. The SAB 

helps the Agency to "do the right science" 

and to use the results of that science 

appropriate ly and effectively in making 

regulatory decisions. In so doing, the SAB 

promotes sound science wit hi n the Agency 

and a wider recognition orthe quality of lha1 

science outside the Agency. In this regard. 

the SAB is active in consulting with the 

Agency on how to incorporate science 

appropriately and effectively into the new 

approaches the Agency is using to make 

environmental decisions. 

2003 Annual Performance Goals 

• In 2003. provide the public with a 

reliable and statisti call y valid 

baseline for the condition of the 

Nation's estuaries against which to 

VIII-7 

• 

• 

measure the success of ecosystem 

protection and risk management 

practices. 

In 2003. develop 10 testing protocols 

and complete 40 technology 

verifications for a cumulative 

Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) program total of 230 

to aid industry, stales, and consumers 

in choosing effective technologies to 

protect the public and environment 

from high risk pollutants. 

In 2003. EPA will direct 

enforcement actions to maximize 

compliance and address environmental and human health 

problems. 
GoalS: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental 

Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems 

Coastal Environmental Monitoring 

Common Sense Initiative 

Congressionally Mandated Projects 

Goal S: Sound Scienn Key P.-ograms 

(dolfors in Ihousonds) 

Ecosystems Condition. Protection and Restoration Research 

Endocrine Disruptor Research 

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program. EMAP 

Environmental Technology Verificat ion (ETV) 

Facilities Infrastructure and Operations 

Homeland Security· 

Human Health Research 

Legal Services 

Management Services and Stewardship 

Performance Track 

Regional Geographic Program 

Regional Science and Technology 

Regulatory Development 

Research to Support Emerging Issues 

Research to Support FQPA 

Research 10 Support Pollution Prevention 

Science Advisory Board 

Small Business Ombudsman 

STA R Fellowships Program 

Superfund Remed ial Actions 

FY 2002 

Enacted 

$7.325.3 

$1.838.7 

$27.468.1 

$66.707.9 

$10.722.4 

$32.360.0 

$3.607.7 

$15.03 1.0 

5579.6 

$47.225.6 

$730.5 

52.469.1 

$ 1.834.6 

$7.609.2 

$3.574.9 

S20.803.6 

$28.658.5 

$1.217.0 

$37.672.9 

$2.887.8 

S3.049. 1 

$9.748.7 

$2.944.7 

FY 2003 

Presidenl's 

Reguest 

$7.671.2 

$0.0 

$0.0 

$67.202. 1 

$ 12.178.7 

$38.259.6 

$3.617.6 

$ 14.163.5 

5 1.875.0 

551.824.5 

$788.1 

$2.339.9 

$1.834.6 

58.651.1 

S3.60 1.8 

$29.96 1.8 

$29, 150.8 

$ 1,221.0 

$44,075.4 

$3.352.5 

S3.124.0 

50.0 

$2.944.7 

$FY 2002 does 1101 include $175.6 miflion provided in the Emergency SlIpplemelllal Appropriations Ac:t for 

Homeland Security. 

VlII-8 
Goal 9: 

A Credible Deterrent to 

Pollution and Greater 

Compliance with the Law 

Goal 9: A Credible Deterrent to Pollution and Greater Compliance 

With the Law 

,;..,., ,., ... Strategic Goal: EPA will ensure full compliance with the laws intended to 

protect human health and the environment. 

Resource Summary 

(dollars in thousand!>) 

A Credible Deterrent to Pollution and Greater 

Compliance with the Law 

Increase Compliance Through Enforcement 

Promote Compliance Through Incentives and 

Assistance 

Workyears 

Means and Stntegies 

Many of the environmental 

improvements in this country during the past 

30 years can be attributed to a strong set of 

environmental laws and EPA '5 ensuring 

compliance with the laws using a variety of 

tools including: enforcement, compliance 

monitoring, compliance assistance, and 

compliance incentives in cooperation with 

our regulatory partners. 

Due to the breadth and di versity of 

private, public, and federal facilities 

regulated by EPA under various statutes, the 

Agency needs to target its enforcement and 

compliance assurance activities strategically 

to address the most significant risks to 

human health and the environment and to 

ensure that certain populations do not bear a 

IX·I 

I'Y 2002 IT 2003 I'Y 2003 v •• 

Enacted Request I'Y 2002 

$386,539.6 $402,462.9 $15,923.3 

S330,77 1.1 S346,590.5 SI5,8 19.4 

555,768.5 S55,872.4 S\03.9 

2,442.5 2.330.7 (111.8) 

disproportionate environmental burden. A 

strong enforcement program identifies 

noncompliance problems, assists the 

regulated community In understanding 

environmental laws and regulations, 

punishes violators, stri ves to secure a level 

economic playing field for law-abiding 

companies, and deters future violations. 

EPA's continued enforcement efforts will be 

strengthened through the development of 

measures 10 assess the impact of 

enforcement acti vities and assist in targeting 

areas that pose risks to human health or the 

environment, display patterns of no~ 

compliance and include disproportionately 

exposed popu lations. Further, EPA cooperates with other nations to enforce and 

ensure compliance with environmental 

regulations. 
Goal 9: A Credible Deterrent to Pollution and Greater Compliance 

With the Law 

The Agency reviews and evaluates 

the acti vities of the regulated community to 

determine compliance with applicable laws, 

regulations, pennit conditions and 

settl ement agreements and to detennine 

whether conditions presenting imminent and 

substantia l endangemlcnt exist. The 

majority of workyears devoted to 

compliance monitoring are provided to the 

regions to conduct investigations and on-site 

inspections including monitoring, sampling 

and emissions testing. Compliance 

monitoring acti vities are bOlh environmental 

media and sector· based. The traditional 

media -based inspections compliment those 

performed by States and Tribes and arc a 

key strategy for meeting the long-term and 

annual goals established for the air, water, 

pestic ides. toxic substances, and hazardous 

waste enviromnental goals included in the 

EPA Strategic Plan. 

The Agency's enforcement and 

compli ance assurance program uses 

compliance assistance and incentive tools to 

ensure compliance with regulatory 

requirements and reduce adverse public 

health and environmental problems. To 

achieve compliance, the regulated 

community must understand its regul atory 

obligations and how to comply with those 

obligations. EPA supports the regula ted 

community by assuring that requirements 

are clearly understood and by helping 

industry find cost-effecti ve options to 

comply through the use of poll ution 

prevention and innovative technologies. 

EPA also enables other assistance providers 

(e.g., states, universities) to provide 

compliance information to the regul ated 

community. Maximum compliance requires 

the acti ve efforts of the regul ated 

community to police itself. EPA will 

continue to investigate options for 

IX-2 

encouragmg self-directed audits and 

disclosure; measure and evaluate the 

effecti veness of Agency programs In 

Improving compliance rates: provide 

infornlation and compli ance assistance to 

the regulated commun ity; and de ve lop 

innovative approaches to meeting 

environmental standards through better 

communi cation, cooperati ve approaches and 

application of new technologies. 

State, tribal and local governments 

bear much of the responsibility for ensuri ng 

compliance, and EPA works in partnership 

with them and other Federal agenc ies to 

promote environmental protection. Further, 

EPA cooperates with other nations to 

enforce and ensure compliance with 

environmental regulations. At the Federal 

leve l. EPA addresses its uniquely Federal 

responsibilities under the National 

Environmental Poli cy Act (NEPA) by 

seeking remedies for potentially adverse 

impacts of major actions taken by EPA and 

other Federal agencies. 

Highlights 

Environmental Enforcement 

Coordinating its activities with the 

states. EPA will continue to support 

deterrence and compliance acti vities by 

focusing its compliance monitoring on site 

inspections and investigations. In setting the 

compli ance and enforcement priorities and 

strategic direction of the program, EPA 

coordinates its efforts with and solic its the 

views of our states partners. The Agency 

uses the State/EPA Enforcement Forum as a 

vehicle in advancing the coordination of 

efforts for joint strategic J:ianni ng between 

EPA and the states. 
Goal 9: A Credible Deterrent to Pollution and Greater Compliance 

With the Law 

The Agency will continue to work 

with States and Tribes to target areas that 

pose risks to human health or the 

environment, display patterns of noncompli ance, or include disproportionately 

exposed populations. Media-specific and 

industry seclor-based priorities have been 

established for the national program through 

the Office of Enforcement and Compliance 

Assurance's Memorandum of Agreement 

2002/2003 guidance, developed In 

conjunction with the Regional offices. 

The civil and criminal enforcement 

program, in contributing to EPA's goa l to 

protect public health and the environment, 

targets its actions based on health and 

environmenta l risk. The program aims to 

level the economic playing fie ld by ensuring 

that violators do not rea lize an economic 

benefit from noncompliance and seeks to 

deter future violations. In FY 2003, the 

Agency's enforcement initiatives include 

enforcement of the lead paint rules, and 

modernization of its dam systems to assist in 

targeti ng compliance and enforcement 

efforts. 

State, Trihal. and !nternational Capaci~\I 

Building 

A strong state and triba l enforcement 

and compli ance assurance presence 

contributes to creating deterrence and to 

reducing noncompliance. In FY 2003, the 

enforcement and compliance assurance 

programs will work with and support Slale 

agencies implementing authorized, delegated, or approved environmental 

programs. Consistent with regulations and 

EPA policy. the Agency wi ll provide an 

appropriate level of oversight and guidance 

to States to ensure that environmenta l 

IX-3 

regulations are fairly and consistently 

enforced across the nation. 

The Agency provides grant funding, 

oversight, training and technical assistance 

to States and Tribes. The state and triba l 

grant programs are designed to build 

environmental partnerships with States and 

Tribes and strengthen their ability to address 

environmental and public health th reats. 

These threats include contaminated drinking 

water, pesticides in food, hazardous waste, 

toxic substances and air poll ution. 

Meeti ng its objective of achieving 

the benefits of environmental requirements 

through an enforcement presence requires 

EPA to effectively implement international 

commitments for enforcement and compliance cooperation with other countries. 

especially those a long the U.S. border. 

Through such arrangements, EPA works to 

reduce environmental risks to U.S. citizens 

from external sources of poll ution, as well as 

to prevent or reduce the impact of pollution 

originating in the United States. 

Compliance !ncentives and Assistance 

The Agency will continue to support 

the regulated community's compli ance with 

environmental requirements through 

volu ntary compliance incentives and 

assistance programs. In FY 2003, the 

compli ance incentives program will 

cont inue to implement the policy on 

Incentives for Self-Policing, Small Business 

Compliance Policy and Sma1i Communities 

Poli cy as core elements of the enforcement 

and compliance assurance program. In 

addition, the Agency will provide 

information and technical assistance to the 

regulated corrununity through the 

compliance assistance program to inc rease 
Goal 9: A Credible Deterrent to Pollution and Greater Compliance 

With the Law 

its understanding of Sl3tUlory and regulatory 

environmental requirements, thereby 

reduc ing risk to human health and the 

environment and gaining measurable 

improve ments in compliance. The program 

will continue to develop strategies and 

compli ance assistance tools that will support 

initiatives targeted toward Improving 

compliance In specific industria l and 

commercial sectors or with certain 

regulatory requirements. The annual 

Compli ance Assistance Activity Plan 

provides infonnation on planned compliance 

assistance activities in the upcoming fiscal 

year and will serve as a reference for other 

assistance providers and the public on 

EPA 's planned tools and acti vities. The 

Agency will continue to support the sector 

based Compliance Assistance Centers, 

update the Compliance Clearinghouse, 

sponsor a Federal advisory commiuee on 

compliance assistance and will col1inue to 

develop and enhance a platfonn from which 

to launch additional assista nce centers. 

2003 Annual Performance Goals 

• In 2003, EPA will direct 

enforcement actions to maximi ze 

compli ance and address environmental and human health problems. 

• In 2003, EPA will conduct 

inspections, criminal investigations, 

and civil investigations targeted to 

areas that pose risks to human health 

or the environment, display patterns 

. of non- compliance, or include 

disproportionate ly exposed popul ations. 

• In 2003, EPA will provide direct 

investigative, forensic, and technical 

support to the Office of Homeland 

• 

• 

• 

• 

IX-4 

Defense, FBI and lor other federal, 

state and local law enforcement 

agencies to help detect and prevent, 

or respond to, terrorist-related 

environmental, biological or 

chemical incidents. 

In 2003, identify noncompliance, and 

focus enforcement and compliance 

assurance on human health and 

environmental problems, by 

maintaining and Improving quality 

and accuracy of data. 

In 2003, improve capacity of states, 

localities and Tribes to conduct 

enforcement and compliance 

programs. EPA wi ll provide training 

as well as assistance with state and 

tribal inspections to build capacity. 

including implementation of the 

inspector credenti als program for 

tribal law enforcement personnel. 

In 2003, mcrease opportuniti es 

through new targeted sector 

initiatives for industries to 

voluntarily self-d isclose and correct 

violations 011 a corporate-wide basis. 

In 2003, mcrease the regulated 

community'S compliance with 

environmental requirements through 

their expanded use of compliance 

assistance. The Agency will 

continue to support small business 

compli ance assistance centers and 

develop compliance assistance tools 

such as sector notebooks and 

compliance guides. 
Goal 9: A Credible Deterrent to Pollution and Greater Compliance 

With the Law 

Goal 9: Deterrent to Pollution Key Programs 

(dollars ill Thousallds) 

FY 2002 

Enacted 

Capacity Building S 10.031.1 

Civil Enforcement $ 10 1.437. 2 

Compliance Assistance and Centers 525.735.4 

Compliance Incentives $10.095.3 

Compliance Monitoring $53.216.3 

Criminal Enforcement 541.555.7 

Dllta Management $ 16.069.9 

Enforcement Training $3,947.3 

Facilities Infrastructure and Operations $31.294.2 

Homeland Security· $3.457.3 

Legal Services $1.284.5 

Management Services and Stewardship $6.665. 1 

NEPA Impl ementation $ 11.507.5 

RCRA Enforcement State Grants $42.904.7 

Regional Management S122. 1 

Sector Grants $2,209.3 

State Multimed ia Enforcement Grants $0.0 

State Pest icides Enforcement Grants $ 19,807.8 

Stale Toxies Enforcement Grants $5.13 8.9 

FY 2003 

President's 

Request 

$ 1 L272.4 

$99.7 18.8 

$25. ]()(U 

$9.689.9 

SSL198A 

$42538.1 

$ 16.372.7 

$3.880.4 

S33. 188.3 

S3.807.0 

$1.378.4 

$7.395.3 

S I 1.785.8 

$42.904 .7 

$10.0 

S2.209.3 

$JS.OOO.O 

$19,807.8 

$5,138.9 

"FY 2002 does 1101 it/elude S/75.6 milliOIl pl"lJl'it/ed ill Ihe Emergellcy SUP!J/emelllo/ Appro!Jriafiot/s Acr/or 

Home/uml Securily. 

IX-5 

Goal 10: 

Effective 

Management 

I Goal 10: Effective Management 

Strategic Goal: EPA will maintain the highest-quality standards for 

environmental leadership a nd for effective internal management and fiscal 

responsibility by managing for results. 

Resource Summary 

(dollars in thousands) 

Effective Management 

Provide Leadership 

Manage for Results Through Services, Policies, 

and Operations 

Provide Quality Work Environment 

Provide Audit, Evaluation. and In vestigative 

Products and Services 

Workyears 

Means and Strategy 

The Agcrcy will continue to provide 

vision, leadership, policy and oversight for 

all its programs and partnerships. It will 

employ management strategies to advance 

the protection of human health and the 

environment. Strategies that cut across all 

organizational boundaries and are key to 

performing the Agency's mission are: 

• 

• 

Developing partnerships with stakeholders to ensure mutual goals are 

met: 

Promoting cost-effective investment 

in environmental protection and 

public health through sound 

X-I 

• 

• 

FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2003 vs. 

Enacted Request FY 2002 

$424,928.0 $460,963.2 $36,035.2 

$47,207.9 549,767.0 52.559. 1 

$ 186,431.5 $20 I ,462 .0 S 15,030.5 

$ 139,327.3 $ 156, 141.5 SI6,8 14.2 

$5 1,961.4 $53,592.7 51,63 1.3 

1,996.2 1,943.7 (52.5) 

stewardship and resporsible resultsbased management. EPA works to 

achieve this goal through keeping 

pace with technological change, 

meeting accounting standards, 

consulting with customers and 

stakeholders, and improving delivery 

of services; 

Providing responsive and accounttable management; 

Assessing management challenges 

and program risks identified by 

Congress, oversight agencies, EPA 's 

DIG and State and Tribal partners; 

I 
I Goal 10: Effective Management 

• 

• 

Committing to manage human 

resources; foster diversity; and work 

10 secure, deve lop, empower. and 

retain talented people to accomplish 

the Agency's environmental mission; 

Investing in COfe infrastructure that 

promote energy effi ciency and b'Tccn 

procurement, and maintain a safe, 

healthy, and productive work 

environment; 

• Implementing of streamlined 

systems and processes in grants and 

contracts/management; and 

• Recogni zing of the specia l 

vulnerability of children and other 

sensitive sub· popu lations, such as 

older Americans, 10 environmental 

risks and fac ilitati ng the intensified 

commitment to protect childre n and 

the elderly. 

EPA wi ll continue to aggressively 

impl ement its ac tion plan in support of the 

Agency's Strategy for Human Capital. This 

strategy will enable EPA to attract, retain 

and further develop a diverse workforce 

prepared to meet CUrrent and future 

challenges. Building on work that began in 

1998, EPA's goals for human capital will 

focus on implementing a workforce 

planning model, completing a 

comprehensive pay review, and deve loping 

de livery systems and processes to enhance 

the training and deve lopment of EPA's 

workforce. 

In continuing to provide a quality 

work environment that is energy conscious 

and va lues employee safety and security, the 

Agency will implement repair and 

improvement projects at severa l EPA 

facilities. These facilities provide the tools 

X-2 

essential to research innovative solutions for 

current and future environmental problems 

and enhance our understanding of 

environmental risks. In FY 2003, EPA's 

goa ls in this area are a imed at reducing 

energy consumption at its faci lities by 

encouraging the use of new and adva nced 

tec hnologies and energy savmgs 

performance contracts. 

By building on the success of its 

integrated pla nning, budgeting, and 

accountability processes and initiatives, 

EPA promotes the implementation of the 

Government Performance and Results Act 

(GPRA) to ensure sound stewardship of 

Agency fiscal resources. As pan of this 

effort, the Agency IS lmprovmg its 

capabilities to usc performance data and 

other information to make cost-effective 

investments for environmental results. EPA 

collaborates extensively with panners and 

stakeholders to forge the partnerships 

required for shared approaches to meeting 

the chall enges of the GPRA. EPA consults 

with internal customers on fiscal 

management services to meet their needs for 

timeliness, effic iency and qual ity. 

Audit, evaluation, investigative. and 

advisory products and services contribute to 

effective management by fac ilitating the 

accomplishment of the Agency's mission. 

Specificall y, audits, evaluations, and 

advisory services lead to improved 

economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in 

EPA business practices and assist in the 

accomplishment of environmental goa ls. 

Investigations detect and deter fraud and 

other improprieties which can undermine the 

integrity of EPA programs and resources. 

All Office of Inspector General work is 

focused on the anticipated va lue it will have 

on influencing resolution of the Agency's 

major management chall enges, reduc ing 

I 
I Goal 10: Effective Management 

risk, improving management and program 

o perations, and saving taxpayer dollars 

whi le leading to the attainment of EPA '5 

strategic goals. 

The Agency will continue its 

commitment to protect children's hea lth by 

targeting resources towards acti vities that 

will assure that the decisio ns and actions 

taken by the Agency consider risks to 

children, including working to deve lop 

sound scientific information to provide the 

basis for these decisions and actions. The 

Agency will also provide policy direction 

and guidance o n equal employment 

opportunity and c ivil rights. The Agency's 

Admi nistrative Law Judges and its 

Environmental Appea ls Board Judges will 

issue decisions on admi nistrative complaints 

and environmenta l adjudications, 

respectively, in a timely manner. 

Highlights 

EPA's efforts to meet what has been 

ca lled the ''Federal huma n resources crisis" 

has led to the development of a human 

resources strategic plan entitled Investing in 

Our People, EPA's Strategy for Human 

Capital, The Agency is committed to 

improve recruitment of indi viduals with 

mi ss io~critical sc ientifi c and technical 

skills: to enhance trai ni ng and deve lopment 

of senior executives and managers; and 10 

improve retention of a diverse and high 

performing workforce. Several components 

of EPA's human capital strategy are 

currentl y underway or in development and 

include the EPA Intem Program: the Midlevel Development Program; the 

Management Development Program: and the 

SES Candidate Development Program. In 

FY 2003, the EPA wi ll link these efforts to 

the Agency's strategic goals through 

completion of a comprehensive workforce 

X-3 

planning mode l. Combined, these efforts 

will provide a comprehensive and dynamic 

approach to identifyi ng, managing and 

developing the skills and competencies of 

EPA's future workforce. 

The Agency continues to strengthen 

pre-award and post-award management of 

assistance agreements, and continues its 

transition toward electroni c execution of 

brra nts. In addition, EPA will increase the 

number of contracts that are perfonnancebased and will improve electronic commerce 

by providing electronic communication and 

contract management between EPA program 

offices and EPA contractors through the use 

of EPA's Program Office Interface System. 

Agency management provides 

vision, leadership, and conducts poli cy 

ove rsight for all Agency programs. Sound 

management principles, practices, resultsbased planning and budgeting, fiscal 

accountability, quality customer serVIce, 

rationa l poli cy guidance and care ful 

stewardship of our resources are the 

foundation for everything EPA does to 

advance the protection of human health and 

the environment. The effecti veness of EPA's 

management will detennine, III large 

measure, how successful we will be in 

pursuit of the other goals identified in the 

Agency's annual plan. 

In FY 2003, EPA will bui ld on its 

prOb'Tess III linking resources to 

environmental results through goa~based 

fiscal resource management. The Agency 

will provide more useful cost accounting 

information for environmental decision 

making. EPA will make continued progress 

in assessing the environmental results of its 

program activities. Highl ights of expected 

Agency FY 2003 ac hievements· in effective 

management are: 

I 
I Goal 10: Effective Management 

• 

• 

• 

Expand Agency and State partner 

capacity to manage for results 

through support for the improvement 

of the quality and use of perfonnance 

measures. 

Meet new Federal requirements for 

timely financia l infonnation and 

maintenance of a clean audit opinion 

on the Agency's financial statements 

to demonstrate the highest caliber of 

resource stewardship and the 

credibility and reliability of Agency 

financial infonnatiol1. 

Continue efforts to provide decisionmakers with integrated cost and 

perfonnance infonnation to support 

results-based management and 

progress on environmental prioriti es. 

FY 2003 efforts will focus on: 

• completing 

plan for a 

that will 

burdens, 

the impiemertalion 

new payroll system 

reduce costs and 

• making recommendations for 

replac ing EPA's integrated 

financia l management system, 

• further developing desk-top 

access to key cost accounting and 

perfonnance infonna~ion. 

The Office of the Inspector General 

will conduct and supervise independent and 

objective audits, evaluations, and 

investigations re lating to Agency 

management and program operations, and 

will provide advisory and assistance 

services. The O IG wi ll also review and 

make recommendations regarding existing 

and proposed legislation and regulations 

impacting the Agency. In addition, program 

evaluations/audits and four other types of 

audits will be conducted: contract, assistance 

X-4 

agreement, financial statement, and systems 

audits. Four types of investigations will be 

perfonned: program integrity, assistance 

agreement, contract and procurement, and 

employee integrity. The OIG Computer 

Crimes Unit will conduct investigations of 

computer intrusions, support the OIG and 

Agency personnel as a Penetration Testing 

Laboratory, and provide a Forensics 

Laboratory to assist with OIG investigati ons. 

Combined, these activities promote 

economy, effi ciency, and effectiveness 

within the Age ncy, prevent and detect fraud, 

waste, and abuse, and contribute to 

improved environmental quality and human 

healt h. The O IG will keep the EPA 

Administrator and Congress fully infonned 

of problems and de ficiencies identified in 

Agency programs and operations and the 

necessity for corrective actions. 

In FY 2003, the OIG will a lso 

rece ive, analyze, and facilitate the resolution 

of citizen's compla ints regarding Agency 

programs and activities, as part of the 

Ombudsman function. The Ombudsman 

pcrfonns the OIG Hotline function, and is 

responsible for the review of public 

compl aints about Agency programs and 

activities. 

The Agency's building operations 

and new construction budget ensure a 

healthy, safe and secure work environment 

for its employees and integrates energy 

conservation. green procurement, and stateof-the-art technology into its daily activities. 

In FY 2003, the Agency will expand its 

focus on improving EPA's infrastructure by 

implementing repair, improvement and 

energy conservation projects at several EPA 

fac ilities. These facili ti es provide the tools 

essential for researching innovative 

solutions to current and future 

I 
I Goal 10: Effective Management 

environmental problems and for enhancing 

our understanding of environmental risks. 

In FY 2003 the Agency will also 

respond to an increased need to provide a 

secure working environment for all its 

employees. The EPA is undertaking a 

comprehensive security assessment of all 

EPA fa cilities nationwide. EPA will 

upgrade existing interi or and exterior 

security features as necessary, and will 

provide a more comprehensive and betterequipped security forcc. 

EPA will continue its commitment to 

protect children's health. The Agency will 

direct resources toward the programs that 

reduce risks to children from a range of 

environmental hazards. In FY2003, the 

Agency will develop Comprehensive School 

Enviro nmental Health Guidelines. The 

Agency will continue to work to dec rease 

the frequency and severity of asthma attacks 

in children through reduction and avoida nce 

o f key asthma tri ggers, including 

environmenlal tobacco smoke, prevalent 

indoor all ergens and ambi ent air pollution. 

The Ab'ency will continue efforts to reduce 

children's exposure to lead, particularl y in 

low income minority neighborhoods, where 

children li ving in older ho using are much 

more likely to be exposed to lead. 

Additionall y, the Office of Children's 

Health Protectio n will launch a new 

initiative to improve the Agency's base of 

knowledge regarding the link between 

environmental exposure and senior citizens' 

health through an ana lysis of the issues, and 

in consultation with EPA Programs and the 

Department of Health and Human Services, 

will develo p a dra ft ac ti on strategy. detailing 

research needs and other actions that are 

necessary to safeguard elders from adverse 

health e ffects from environmental threats. 

X-5 

2003 Annual Performance Goals 

• 

• 

In 2003, strengthen EPA's 

manage ment services in support of 

the Agency's mISSIOn while 

addressing the challenges included in 

the President's Management Agenda 

In 2003, Improve envirorunental 

quality and human health by 

recommending 75 improvements 

across Agency environmental goals, 

ident ifying and recommending 

solutions to reduce 20 of the highest 

environmental risks, and identifying 

20 best enviro nmental practi ces. 

I 
I Goal 10: Effective Management 

Goa l 10: Effective i\1 a nagemt'nt Key Programs 

Administrat ive Law 

Assistance Agreement Audits 

Assistance Agreement Investigations 

Brownficlds 

(dol/ars ill Iholl5(lllriS) 

Childrcns Health, Program Deve lopment and Coordination 

Civil Rightsrrit k VI Conlll hmce 

Contract and Procurement Investigations 

Contract Audits 

Employee Integrity Investigations 

Environmental Appeals Boards 

Enviro nmental Fi nance Center Grants (EFC) 

Executive Support 

Facilities Infrastructure anu Operations 

Financial Statement Aud its 

Home land Sec urity* 

Immed iate Office of the Admin istrator 

I ntergovemmcllIal Relations - OA 

Investigations 

Lega l Services 

Management Services and Stewardship 

Planning and Resource Management 

Planning. Ana lysis. and Results - IG 

Program Aud its 

Prognlm Eva luation - IG 

Program Eva luations/Aud it 

Prognl1ll Integrity Investigations 

Public Access 

Regional Management 

Regional Program Infrastructure 

Regul atory Development 

Superfund Remed ial Actions 

FY 2002 

l!i! !,; ~!.l 

S2.684.0 

S2.000.0 

$2,900.0 

$0.0 

$6.099.0 

510. 143.6 

53.100.0 

$5.200.0 

$1.000.0 

S\.667.3 

52.000.0 

$3. 113.0 

5168.512.0 

$4.000.0 

$0.0 

$4.175.9 

52.167.4 

SO.O 

58,733 .9 

$67.646.3 

556,295.3 

$6.286.0 

$4.900.0 

515.000.0 

$0.0 

5 1,5 00.0 

$ 1.429.0 

535.288.4 

S6.1J2.2 

$ 1,608.0 

$1.346.8 

FY 2003 

Preside nt's 

R !;:gU!:;5t 

S2.869.8 

SO.O 

$0.0 

$231.1 

$6.670.9 

$11.770.7 

$0.0 

SO.O 

$0.0 

$1.737.7 

S2.0OO.0 

$3.037.6 

SI1I4.776.6 

$0.0 

$11),000.0 

$4.343.7 

52.292.7 

$<),41)9.6 

59.475.6 

$77.015.5 

562,791.1 

$0.0 

SO.O 

SO.O 

538.597.4 

$0.0 

$0.0 

535.902.0 

56.032. 1 

$ 1.602.3 

$ 1.346.S 

*FY 1002 does "OT i"elude 51 75.6 mil/io" provided ill TIlt' Emerge"cy Supplememol Approprialions ACI for 

Homelaml SecuriTy. 

X-6 

I 
Additional 

Information 

I Homeland Security 

Introduction 

EPA played a critical role in 

responding to the September II , 200 I 

attacks at the World Trade Center in New 

York City and the Pentagon. At the World 

Trade Center, the Agency aided in debris 

removal from Ground Zero, combined 

efforts with Occupational Health and Safety 

Administration and tllC New York City 

Department of Health to monitor worker 

exposure to contaminated dust and 

particulate matter. and coordi nated with the 

New York City Department of 

Environmental Protection to sample 

drinking water and ambient air quality. 

Similar monitoring efforts were conducted 

at the Pentagon crash site. AI the Senate 

Hart Office Building in Washington, D.C., 

EPA worked with the Sergeant at Anns, 

who served as the lead during the Anthrax 

decontamination process, which was 

successfully completed in January 2002. 

EPA recognizes that establishing 

comprehensive home land security does not 

end with the conclusion of cleanup effons in 

New York and Washington, DC. In FY 

2002 and FY 2003 the Agency will be 

invest ing over $300 million for preparedness 

and response activities. 

FY 2001/2002 Immediate Response 

Immediately following the 

September 11 , 2001 attack at the World 

Trade Center (WTC) in New York City, 

EPA entered into the first in a series of 

Mission Assignments with the Federal 

Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 

for response work at Ground Zero. By the 

end of December, the Mission Assignments 

totaled $42.6 million. Subsequent to 

December 3 1, FEMA transferred an 

additional $52.7 million to EPA via InterXI-I 

AbYency Agreemems to continue the work 

through mid-2002, making the total amount 

$95.3 million. EPA's assignments included: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Implementation of personnel and 

equipment decontamination operations for thousands of on-site workers: 

Conducting continuous air arrl water 

sampling in and around the WTC site: 

Conducting asbestos sampli ng, 

radiological monitoring and waste 

categorization monitoring at the Staten 

Island Landfill; 

Vacuum cleaning of sidewalks, streets, 

and buildings in the WTC area. 

These operations ha ve been 

continually maintained since September I I. 

200 I, under the overall management of 

Region 2's Superfund response program and 

supported by the East Coast Environmental 

Response Team, as well as staff and 

management from EPA 's other nme 

Regional offices. 

EPA criminal investigators also 

assisted the FBI and other local and Federal 

law enforcement organizations at the WTC 

site. Agency staff aided in the collection of 

crime scene evidence. photographic 

documentation, and related investigative 

duties. 

At the Pentagon crash site, EPA 

emergency responders worked with the FBI 

and the Department of Defense from 

September 11 through Septembe r 29, 200 I 

to collect air, wate r, and debris samples to 

ensure the safety of response personnel, 

Pentagon employees, and nearby residents. 

The Agency's air monitoring did not detect 

any pollutants from the fires and building 

debris. EPA sampling also indicated that 

there was no threat of drinking water 

contamination. EPA criminal investigator 

I 
I Homeland Security 

staff provided the FBI with crime scene 

investigative support in the areas of body 

recove ry. evidence collection, and assistance 

at the morgue. 

EPA's homeland security emergency 

response efforts entered a new phase in 

October 200 I, beginning with the discovery 

of Anthrax in Florida. The Agency 

responded to private sites, the U.S. Posta l 

Service (USPS) and other govemment 

agency sites, and the Capitol Hill complex. 

The Superfund emergency response program 

has provided the personnel, equipment and 

contractors to provide assessment, technical 

assistance and remediation services 

according to the needs of each site. Through 

the end of January 2002, EPA has obligated 

over $20 million for Anthrax cleanup at the 

Capitol Hill complex. 

EPA 's criminal investigations 

program provided direct investigative and 

forensic assistance to the FBI, Capitol 

Police, Sergeant at Arms, Senate Director of 

Security, and the Senate Select Intelligence 

Committee. Acti viti es included documenting 

and gathering crime scene evidence, 

removing suspected contaminated mail from 

several Capitol Hill facilities, examining 

mail to obtain additional evidence, and 

environmental sampli ng of hot zones on the 

5th and 6th floors of the Hart Buildi ng and 

seve ral other locatiors. EPA's criminal 

program is continuing to provide criminal 

investiga ti ve and technical support to the 

FBI 's Joint Terrorism Task Forces and the 

Anomey General's Anti-Terrorism Task 

Forces ac ross the coun try. 

FY 2002 Emergency Supplemental 

Appropriation 

The 2002 Emergency Supplemental 

Appropriations Act provided $175.6 mi llion 

XI-2 

to EPA. The Agency allocated these 

resources to address the most important 

priorities, descri bed below. 

In the President 's request to 

Congress, following the attacks on the 

World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the 

security of Federal faci li ties was highlighted 

as an imperative issue. A tota l of $30 

million was provided to assess the security 

needs at EPA buildings and laboratories and 

mitigate those to the extent possible. 

Investments include, but are not limited to: 

additiona l contract guards, cameras, X-ray 

machines, blast resistant glass, closed circuit 

TVs, locks, and motorized gates. 

The nation's water supply is one of 

our most vital natural resources. Potential 

threats to this resource include 

contamination with biological, chemical, or 

radiological agents; destruction of physical 

infrastructure; and disruption of electrical 

and computer systems. EPA will invest 

$88.8 million to support enhancement of 

security at the nation's drinking wa ter 

systems. $79.8 million wi ll be used to direct 

grants to the largest drinking water systems 

to ca rry out vulnerability systems and 

enhance emergency response plans, to 

provide technical assistance on vulnerability 

assessments and emergency response plans 

to sma ll and medium dri nking water 

systems, and to further refine securityrelated detection, monitoring, and treatment 

tools. In FY 2002 EPA will invest $4 

million in accelerating the development and 

testing of counter terrorism tools, supporting 

trai ning for tlr development of vulnerabi lity 

assessments, providing technical assistance, 

and conducting resea rch on redesign and 

detection of collection and treatment 

systems, and testing and implementation of 

this resea rch. In addition, the Agency will 

provide $5 million to the states to support 

I 
I Homeland Security 

homeland security coordination work in 

conjunction with EPA and drinking water 

utilities to implement homeland security 

acti vities. EPA will also develop tools and 

traini ng for medium and small drinking 

water utilities to assess vulnerabilities and 

deve lop appropri ate emergency response 

plans. 

Any major terrorist inc ident, whether 

involving explosives, conventional 

haza rdous materials or radiological , 

chemi cal or biological agents necessitates an 

EPA response. This includes first assessing 

the risks to public health, the envirorunent, 

and response workers: second, managing 

and mitigating the hazards of residual 

contamination: and third, conducting 

assessments of the adeq uacy of the response 

sufficient to allay the concems of the publi c 

who will re·occupy the affected area. The 

ability to effectively execute these tasks is 

crucial in providing homeland security. 

Creating a West Coast Environmenta l 

Response Team (ERT) will enable the 

Agency to respond more rapidly to an event 

beyond the immediate · reach of EPA's 

c urrent dedicated response team based in 

New Jersey. The Agency will also use 

Suppl emental resources to enhance 

preparedness and response effecti veness 

within each EPA Regional office, fortify the 

East Coast ERT, and iocrease Headquarters 

support. Specific investments include 

equipment (breathing apparatus, chemical 

agent monitors, fi eld analytical and 

communi cations equipment, etc.); training 

and exercises for EPA responders and OilScene Coordinators; participation in inter· 

agency events with the Federal Bureau of 

Investigation (FBI), FEMA, and others; pre· 

deployment of security at nationa l events, 

such as the 2002 Winter Olympics and 

1M F !World Bank meetings: and 

coordination with states and local 

Xl-3 

communities to include homeland security 

preparedness in their emergency planning 

programs. 

EPA worked to clean up the Hart 

Senate Office Buildi ng from anthrax 

contamination, while also assisting at the 

Brentwood facility in Washington, DC and 

the AM I building in Florida. Staff provided 

direct investigative and forensic assistance 

to the FBI and Capitol Police, bringing the 

Agency's subj ect matter expertise to bear on 

the gatheri ng of potenti al crime scene 

evidence; removal and examination of 

suspected contaminated mail from several 

Capitol Hill fa cilities; and environmental 

sampling of hot zones in the Hart Building. 

The 2002 Emergency Supplementa l 

Appropriation Act provided resources for 

EPA's cleanup e fforts, as we ll as funds to 

hire and train additional criminal 

investigators. 

The 2002 Emergency Supplemental 

Appropriation Act also provides funds to 

initiate research and development activities 

in support of homeland security needs. With 

these resources EPA will develop a uniq ue 

pathological suite at its Cincinnati lab 

capable of sampling and eva luating Anthrax 

and other biological agents. In addition, 

EPA will use these resources to eva luate the 

performance of drinking water treatment 

systems for their abi li ty to cost e ffectively 

remove inactivate biological and chemical 

warfare agents. Finally, these increased 

resources will provide scientifically based 

data to assist In selecting effective 

technologies to destroy chemical and 

biological contami nants on surfaces and in 

buildings. 

At presen t, there are no registered 

pesticide products for killing anthrax. 

Accordingly, EPA expects an upsurge in 

I 
I Homeland Security 

requests to market new .... L antimicrobial 

products many of whi ch mutlrr be tested on 

an expedited basis for homeland defense. 

To prepare for such reviews, EPA will be 

focusing on chemicals that can combat other 

mi crobes, both professional decontamination 

products and some clinicallhousehold 

disinfectants that may be effective against 

multiple biological terrorism threats. The 

Agency wi ll be reviewing requests to market 

new anthrax and otrer mi crobe-killing 

pesticides. 

EPA will deal with potential 

homel and security problems from misuse of 

industrial chemicals, by accelerating work in 

detecting and analyzing the impact of 

potential threats from exposure to toxic 

industrial chemi cals. Addi tional information 

needed to determine the risks to human 

health from short-term exposures to acute ly 

toxic chemicals will be deve loped, and 

subsequently disseminated through the 50 

State Emergency Response Commissions 

(SERCs) to more than 3,500 Local 

Emerge ncy Planning Comminees (LEPCs). 

Preserving and protecting the qua li ty 

of air IS a critical aspect of ensuring 

homeland security. EPA's monitoring 

efforts at the World Trade Center site 

ill ustrate the importance of monitoring 

ambient air and indoor air. Resources will 

be used to: purchase fie ld equipment that 

enables the Agency to sc reen for 

contamination, collect samples, ensure 

protection of response personnel, and infoml 

the pUblic. In addition, EPA will invest in 

mobile assets, such as sample preparation 

trailers, mobile radioanalytical labs, and 

liquid scintillation counters. The Agency 

wi ll provide training to new laboratory and 

headquarters support personnel and facil itate 

coordination efforts with other agencies. 

XI-4 

The attacks of September II , 200 I, 

directly affected EPA personnel in the New 

York area. Information technology and 

communication equipment in the Agency's 

downtown Manhattan office was destroyed 

or damaged: the building was closed for 

several weeks; and staff were re located to an 

EPA facility in Edison, New Jersey. A 

portion of the Supplemental Appropriation 

will be used to re imburse costs of replac ing 

and mainta ining equipment at this location. 

With regards to public access and 

environmental information, EPA will usc 

resources to provide environmental updates 

on environmental data to the Agency's website regarding cleanup efforts at the World 

Trade Center. 

FY 2003 President's Request 

The President's FY 2003 request 

includes $ 19 million 10 continue security 

up&,'l'ades of EPA facilities and maintain the 

increased contract guards that were initiated 

with funds from the 2002 Emergency 

Supplemental Appropriation. This in vestment sustai ns the Administration's 

commitment in preserving a safe and healthy 

work environment for all Federal 

employees. 

Building on its 2002 investments. the 

Agency requests $ 16.9 million to conduct 

additional drinking water vulnerability 

assessments for small and medium-sized 

systems, and $5 million in grants to states to 

support homeland security coordination 

EPA will continue to operate the 

West Coast ERT in FY 2003. The 

President's request incl udes $5.5 million for 

the maintenance of this program. An 

additional 57.7 mi llion IS also being 

requested to upgrade EPA response 

capabilities. 

I 
I Homeland Security 

In FY 2003, EPA, investing 53.8 

million for special agents who will provide 

environmental crimes expertise to the FBI's 

Joint Terrorism Task forces and the 

Department of Justice's Anti- Terrorism 

Task Forces. Personnel will also fcnn five 

National Counter Terrorism Response 

Teams to coordinate with FBI field offices, 

perfonn protection duty services for the 

Administrator's Office, and proved on-site 

in vestigative support for designated National 

Security Special Events. Additionally, 

experts at the National Enforcement 

Investigations Center will respond with 

technical support in the event of a hazardous 

chemical release intended to threaten 

home land security. 

One of EPA's ten goals is to provide 

the public with qua li ty environmental 

information. In FY 2003, the Agency will 

in vest $0.5 million to enhance outreach and 

ensure that the American people are kept 

infonned on the issues of home land security 

and the environment. 

XI-5 

The FY 2003 President's Budget 

requests an additional $75 million to 

conduct research on better technologies and 

assessments to cleanup buildings 

contaminated by biological and chemical 

agents. These efforts will include the 

transfer of technologies and guidance on 

decontamination processes, evaluation of 

existing and new cleanup and detection 

technologies, development of risk 

assessment methodologies, and production 

of rapid decontamination techniques and 

technologies. The incidents in Florida, New 

York, and Washington, DC illustrate the 

potential use of biological and chemical 

agents as deadly weapons. Through these 

research efforts, EPA will work to achieve a 

higher degree of preparedness which will 

strengthen Federal response efforts. 

I 
I Homeland Security I 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

FY 2002/2003 Homeland Security Summary 

(dollars in thol/sands) 

FY 2002 FY 2002 FY 2002 F\' 2002 FY 2003 FY 2003 

Goal BaSf' FTE Supplemental Supplem('ntal Bas(' President's 

Objective Resources Resources FT" Resource Budget 

Appropriation Request In"('stments 

Clean Air $874.0 9.2 $600.0 0.0 SO.O 50.0 

Altain NAAQS $520.5 6.9 5600.0 0.0 SO.O SO. 

EPM SO.O 0.0 5600.0 0.0 SO.O SO. 

S&T $520.5 6.9 $0.0 0.0 50.0 $0. 

Reduce Air Toxies Risk $353.5 2.3 SO.O 0.0 SO.O $0. 

5&T $353.5 2.3 SO.O 0.0 SO.O SO. 

Clean and Safe Water S3,764.1 12.0 S88,794.0 10.0 SI,946.5 520,000.0 

Safe Dri nking Water 53.264.1 12.0 S87.794.0 10.0 S I.946.5 $20.000. 

5&T 53,264. 1 12.0 582,794.0 10.0 $1.946.5 $15.000. 

STAG SO.O 0.0 S5.000.0 0.0 $0.0 $5.000. 

Reduce Loadings $500.0 0.0 S 1.000.0 0.0 $0.0 SO.C 

EPM S5OO.0 0.0 S 1.000.0 0.0 SO.O SO.C 

Sare Food 514.0 0.2 $1,465.4 2.7 SO.O $0.0 

Reduce Risk SO.O 0.0 $602.6 1.4 SO.O $0.0 

EPM SO.O 0.0 $60 2.6 1.4 $0.0 SO. 

Elim Pesticide Usc on Food S14.0 0.2 $862.8 1.3 SO.O SO. 

EPM SO.O 0.0 $862.8 1.3 SO.O SO. 

S&T S14.0 0.2 SO.O 0.0 SO.O SO. 

Preve nting Pollution SO.O 0.0 $1.734.6 3.3 50.0 $0.0 

Reduce Pests Risks SO.O 0.0 $482.4 2.0 SO.O SO. 

EPM SO.O 0.0 $482.4 2.0 $0.0 SO. 

Reduce Risks from Lead SO.O 0.0 S1 50.0 0.0 SO.O SO. 

EPM SO.O 0.0 $ 150. 0 0.0 $0.0 $0. 

Manage New Chemical $0.0 0.0 $ 1.1 02.2 1.3 $0.0 SO. 

EPM SO.O 0.0 $1.1 02.2 1.3 SO.O $0. 

XI- 6 
I Homeland Security I 

u.s. Environmental Protection Agency 

FY 200212003 Homeland Security Summary (continued) 

(dollars in thousands) 

FY 2002 FY 2002 FY 2002 FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2003 

Goal Bast' FTE Supplementa l Supplemental Base President's 

Objective Resources Rt'sources FTE Resource Budget 

Aoorooriation Reauest Investments 

Better Waste Managemen t 53.192.4 12.1 542,300.0 80.0 53, 185.4 $83,125.0 

Control Risks $3.185.4 12.0 $42.300.0 80.0 $3.185.4 $83.125. 

EPM SO.O 0.0 $3.300.0 5.0 SO.O SO. 

Superfund 53. 185.4 12.0 $39,000.0 75.0 $].185.4 $83.125. 

Regu late Facilities 57.0 0.1 $0.0 0.0 $0.0 SO. 

S&T 57.0 0.1 $0.0 0.0 $0.0 SO. 

Quality Environmental Info 5607.8 5.0 $2, 181.5 6.0 $473.3 SO.O 

Increase Availability $600.8 4.9 $0.0 0.0 $473.3 SO. 

EPM $600.8 4.9 $0.0 0.0 $473.3 SO. 

Provide Access $7.0 0.1 $253.1 3.0 SO.O SO. 

EPM SO.O 0.0 S253. 1 3.0 SO.O SO. 

S&T S7.0 0.1 SO.O 0.0 $0.0 SO. 

Improve Agency In fo $0.0 0.0 $ 1,928.4 3.0 $0.0 $0. 

EPM SO.O 0.0 $1.028.4 3.0 SO.O $0. 

Superfund $0.0 0.0 $900.0 0.0 $0.0 SO. 

So und Science S579.6 5.0 SI,474.0 2.0 SO.O SI,875.0 

Conduct Research $65.5 0.9 SO.O 0.0 SO.O SO. 

S&T $65.5 0.9 SO.O 0.0 SO.O SO. 

Improve Scientific Basis 5360.1 1.9 SO.O 0.0 $0.0 SO. 

S&T 5360.1 1.9 50.0 0.0 $0.0 SO. 

Enhance Capabilities 5 147.0 2.1 5 1.440.6 20 SO.O SO. 

S&T $ 147.0 2.1 $1.440.6 2.0 50.0 SO. 

Improve En viro nmental $7.0 0.1 $33.4 0.0 SO.O S1.875. 

5&T $7.0 0.1 $)).4 0.0 50.0 $0.( 

Superfund $0.0 0.0 $0.0 0.0 $0.0 51.875. 

Xl-7 
I Homeland Security I 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

(dollars in thousands) 

FY 2002 FY 2002 FY 2002 FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2003 

Goal Base FTE Supplemental Supplementa l Base President's 

Objecti\'c Resources Resources FTE Resource Budget 

Appropriation Request Investments 

Credible Deterrent $3,457.3 30.0 S7,010.5 50.0 $3,807.0 SO.O 

Increase Compliance $2.715.5 24.0 $7.010.5 50.0 $3.807.0 SO. 

EP1vl $2.715.5 24.0 $5.618.5 40.0 $3.036.3 SO. 

Superfund SO.O 0.0 SU92.0 10.0 5770.7 SO. 

Promote Compliance $741.8 6.0 SO.O 0.0 $0.0 $0. 

Superfund 5741 .8 6.0 $0.0 0.0 $0.0 $0. 

Effective Management $0.0 0.0 530,040.0 3.0 $0.0 $19,000.0 

Provide Quality Work Env. $0.0 0.0 $30,040.0 3.0 $0.0 $ 19.000. 

EPM $0.0 0.0 524.000.0 3.0 $0.0 $6,000. 

5&T $0.0 0.0 $6.040.0 0.0 $0.0 S1.500. 

B&F $0.0 0.0 $0.0 0.0 SO.O S 11.500'< 

Total SI2.489.2 73.5 $175,600.0 157.0 $9,412.2 5124,000.0 

Note: Table docs not inc lude FEMA reimbursable resources 

XI-8 
I Categorical Grants Program 

(dollars in millions) 

In 2003. the President's Budget 

req uests a total of $1,158.3 million for 23 

"categorical"" program grants for state and 

tribal governments. This is an increase of 

$83.9 million over 2002. EPA will 

continue to pursue its strategy of building 

and supporting state. local and tribal 

capacity to implement. operate. and enforce 

the Nation's environmental laws. Most 

environmental laws envision establishment 

of a decentralized nationwide structure to 

protect publi c health and the environment. 

In this way. environmental goals will 

ultimately be achieved through the actions. 

programs. and commitments of state. tribal 

XII-l 

$1.158 

and local governments, organi zations and 

citizens. 

In 2003. EPA will continue to offer 

more flexibility to state and triba l 

governments to manage the ir environmental 

programs as well as provide technical and 

financ ial assistance to achieve mutual 

environmental goals. First. EPA and its 

state and tribal partners will continue 

implementing the National Environmental 

Performance Partnership System (NEPPS). 

NEPPS is designed to allow states more 

fl exibility 10 operate their programs, while 

increasing emphasis on measuring and 

reporting enviromnental improvements. 

I 
I Categorical Grants Program 

Second. Perfonnance Partnership Grants 

(PPGs) will continue to allow states and 

tribes funding nexibility to combine 

categorical program grants to address 

environmental priorities. 

Highlights 

Enforcement Slale Grants 

In 2003, the President's Budget 

includes a new $ 15.0 million grant program. 

This fencets a shift in emphasis for 

enforcement from Federal to State levels for 

those programs already delegated 10 the 

States. This shift creates a new grant 

program for States and tribes that will bring 

enforcement closer to the entity being 

regulated. EPA will offer media specifi c 

and multi-media funding to states and tribes 

for compli ance assurance activities 

including compliance assistance and 

incentives, inspections, and enforcement 

actions. 

National Environmental Information 

Exchange Nenvork 

In 2003, the President's Budget 

requests $25.0 million to continue a grant 

program. started in 2002, that will provide 

states and tribes assistance to develop the 

Nationa l Environmental Infomlation 

Exchange Network (NEIEN). This grant 

program will build on work currently 

underway in several states and assist states 

and tribes in evaluating their readiness to 

participate in NEIEN. Funds will also 

support stale and tribal efforts to complete 

necessary changes to their information 

management systems to fac ilitate 

participation, and enhance state information 

integration efforts. NEIEN will improve 

environmental decision making. improve 

data quali ty and accuracy. ensure securi ty of 

XII-2 

sensitive data. and reduce the burden on 

those who provide and those who access 

information. 

BrOWf?fields State Grants 

In 2003. in support of recently 

enac ted Brownfields legislation. the 

President's Budget requests $50.0 million to 

launch a new brownfi elds grant program that 

will provide states and tribes assistance to 

establish or enhance their response program. 

The new program will also permit the 

recipients to capitalize revolving loan funds: 

purchase insurance or develop a risk sharing 

pool, an indemnity pool. or an insurance 

mechanism to provide financing for 

response actions under a state response 

program. 

Indian General Assistance Program Grants 

In 2003 , the President"s Budget 

requests $57.5 million for the Indian 

General Assistance Program (GAP). This is 

an increase of $5.0 million over 2002. This 

increase supports the goal of establishi ng a 

minimum environmental presence for all 

Federall y recognized Tribes and inter-tribal 

consortia. 

COl/iller Terrorism Grants 

In 2003. the President's Budget 

requests $5.0 million for counter terrorism 

grants to support states' efforts to work with 

utilities to develop and enhance emergency 

operations plans; conduct training in the 

implementation of remedia l plans in small 

systems; and, develop detection, monitoring 

and treatment technology to enhance 

security at utilities. 

I 
I Categorical Grants Program 

Elimination of Triba! Cap on Non-Poin! 

Sources 

In 2003, the President's Budget is 

proposing to eliminate the statutory oncthird-of-one-percent cap on Clean Water Act 

Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution 

grants that may be awarded to tribes. Tribes 

applying for and receiving Section 319 

grants have steadily increased from two in 

1991 to over 70 in 200 I. This number is 

expected to increase annuall y as more 

federally recognized Tribes with significant 

NPS pollution problems become eligible to 

participate in the 319(h) program. This 

proposal recognizes the increasing demand 

for resources to address tribal nonpoint 

source program needs. 

XII-3 

I 
I Categorical Grants Program 

CATEGORIAL PROGRAM GRANTS (STAG) 

by Nationa l Proj!r1Im Ma Raecr and Sta te Grant 

(dollars in fhous(llld~) 

FY 2003 

FY 2001 FY 2002 President's 

Gra nt [nacled Enacted Budget 

Air & Radiation 

State and Local Assistance S208.540.1 S22 1.540. 1 S211.540. 1 

Tribal Assistance $ 11.044.5 $ 11 .044.5 $1 1.044.5 

Radon , 139.9 ~8, l9,9 SB,llQ·9 

$227.724.5 $240,724.5 $240. 724.5 

Water 

Pollution Control (Section 106) $ 171.883.3 5192.476.9 5 180.376.9 

Beaches Protection $0.0 $10.000.0 510.000.0 

Counter-Terrorism $0.0 50.0 $5.000.0 

Nonpoint Source (Section 31 9) $237.476.8 5237.476.8 $238.476.8 

Wetlands Program Developmenl $ 14.967.0 $ 14.967. 0 5 14.967.0 

Water Qua lity Cooperalive Agmlls ~ 18,9~8.2 ~ 18,958.2 S38,958.2 

S443.285.3 S473.878.9 $487.778.9 

Drinking Water 

Public Watcr System Superv ision (PWSS) 593. 100.2 593. 100.2 S93.100.2 

Underground Injection Control (U IC) ~1 ,950 9 ;i;10,950.9 SI 0,950.9 

$1 04.05 1.1 $104.051.1 $ 104.05 1.1 

Haza rdous Waste 

H.W. Financial Assistance 5106.363.6 $1 06.363.6 5 106.363.6 

Brownfields $0.0 $0.0 $50.000.0 

Underground Storage Tanks 5 11,9 18.4 $ 11 ,9 18.4 $ 11.9 18.4 

5 1 18.282.0 5 118.282.0 S 168.282.0 

Pesticides & Toxies 

Pestic ides Program Implementation $ 13.085.5 513.085.5 $13.085.5 

Lead SI3.682.0 $13.682.0 $ 13.682.0 

To.-..: ic Substances Compliance $5. 138.8 55. 138.8 55. 138.8 

Pesticides Enforceme nt $:19,867.9 ~ 19,867.8 $ [9,867.8 

$51.774.2 $5 1.774.1 $5 1.774. 1 

Multimedia 

Environmcnla ll nformation $0.0 525.000.0 525.000.0 

Enforcement State Grants $0.0 $0.0 $15.000.0 

Pollution Prevention $5.986.3 55.986.3 S5.986.3 

Enforcement & Compliance Assurance $2.209.3 $2.209.3 S2.209.3 

Indian General Assistance Program ~52,469 7 552,469.7 557,469.7 

$60.665.3 $85.665.3 5 105.665.3 

TOTALS 51,005,782.4 $ 1,074,376.0 $ 1,158,276.0 

FY 2001 Enacted includes 0.22"/0 rescission: FY 2002 does not inclutk fu nding providL-d in the Emergency 

Suppicmemal Appropriations Act for Uomeland Security. 

XII-4 

I 
I Infrastructure Financing 

(dollars in milliom) 

Infrastructure Financing 

Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) 

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) 

Mexican Border Projects 

Alaska Nati ve Villages 

Specia l Needs Proj ects 

Targeted Projects 

Brownfields Infrastructure Projects 

Total 

Infrastructure Funds 

The President's Budget requests a 

total of $2,305.5 mi llion in 2003 for EPA 's 

Infrastructu re programs, a decrease of 

$353.4 million from 2002 . Of the total 

infrastructure request, $2,102.0 million will 

support EPA's Goal 2: Clean and Safe 

Water, $ 128.5 million will support EPA 's 

Goa l 5: Better Waste Management, a nd 

575 .0 million will support EPA 's Goal 6: 

Reduction of Global and Cross-border 

Environmental Risks. Thc $353.4 million 

decrease is the net result of an increase of 

$ 120.5 million for the new Brownfields 

Infrastruc ture Projects: an increase of 58.0 

million 111 Targeted Projects for the 

Homestake Mine: a $ 138.0 mill ion decrease 

in the Clean Water Sta te Revolving Fund 

(CWSRF) program: and a S343.9 million 

reduction in 2002 Congressional eannarks. 

XIII-J 

FY 20032 

FY 2002 Enacted President's 

Budget 

S I,350.0 5 1,2 12.0 

$850.0 $850.0 

$75.0 $75.0 

S40.0 S40.0 

$343.9 $0 

SO $8.0 

----- S120.5 

$2,658.9 $2,305.5 

The resources requested in this 

budget will enable the Age ncy. III 

conj unction with EPA's state, local, and 

triba l partners, to achieve severa l important 

goa ls for 2003. Some of these goa ls 

include: 

• 

• 

92 percent of the population scrved 

by community water systems will 

receive dri nking water meeti ng all 

hea lth- based standards, in e ffect as 

of 1994, up from 83% in 1994. 

Provide additiona l site assessment 

funding 10 74 new sites, and to 52 

existi ng sites, resulti ng in a 

cumulati ve total of 3,350 properties 

assessed, the generation of 21.300 

jobs, and the leveraging o f 55.0 

billion in cleanup and redevelopment 

funds since 1995. 

I 
I Infrastructure Financing 

Infrastructure funding under the 

State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) 

appropriation provides financial assistance 

10 states, municipalities and tribal 

governments to fund a variety of drinking 

water, wastewater, and Brownfields 

infrastructure projects. These funds are 

essential to fulfi ll the Federal govemment's 

commitment to help our state, tribal and 

local partners obtain adequate fundi ng to 

construct the facilities required to comply 

with federal envirorunental requirements and 

ensure public health and revitalize 

contaminated properties. 

Providing STAG funds through State 

Revolving Fund (SRF) programs, EPA 

works in partnership with the stales to 

provide low-cost loans to municipalities for 

infrastructure construction. SRF funds are 

also provided as grants to tribal governments 

to help them address the ir drinking wa ler 

and wastewater needs. The Brownfields 

Infrastructure Program provides states, 

tribes, political subdivisions (including 

cities, towns, and counties) the necessary 

tools, infomlation, and strategies for 

promoting a unified approach to 

environmental assessment cleanup, 

characterization, and redevelopment at sites 

contaminated with hazardous wastes and 

petroleum contaminants. 

Goal 2: Enhancing Human Health 

through Clean and Safe Water 

Capitalizing Clean Ware,. and Drinking 

Water State Revolving Funds 

The Clean Water and Drinking 

Water State Revolving Fund programs 

demonstrate a true partnership between 

states, locali ties and the Federal 

government. These programs provide 

Federal financial assistance to states, 

XllI-2 

localities, and tribal governments to protect 

the nation'S water resources by providing 

funds for the construction of drinking water 

and wastewater treatment facil ities. The 

state revolving fu nds are two important 

elements of the nation 's substantial 

investment in sewage treatment and drinking 

water systems whi ch provides Americans 

with significant benefits in the fonn of 

reduced water pollution and safe drinking 

water. 

EPA will continue to capitalize the 

Clean Water State Revolving Fund 

(CWSRF). Through .his program, .he 

Federal government provides financial 

assistance for wastewater and other water 

projects, incl uding nonpoint source, estuary, 

stonnwater, and sewer overflow projects. 

Water infrastructure projects contribute to 

direct ecosystem improvements by lowering 

the amount of nutrients and toxic pollutants 

in all types of surface waters. 

This budget request includes 

$1,212.0 million for the CWSRF. More 

than $19 billion has already been provided 

to capitalize the CWSRF, over twice the 

original Clean Water Act authorized level of 

$8.4 billion. Total CWSRF funding 

available for loans since 1987, reflecting 

loan repayments, state match doll ars, and 

other funding sources, is approximately 

$37.7 billion, of which more than $34 

billion has been provided to communities as 

financial assistance. As of July 200 1, $3.4 

billion had not been utilized, but is ready for 

loans. 

The dramatic progress made In 

improving the quality of wastewater 

treatment since the 1970s is a national 

success. In 1972, only 84 million people 

were served by secondary or advanced 

wastewater treatment fa cili ties. Today, 99 

I 
I Infrastructure Financing 

percent of community wastewater treatment 

plants, serving 18 1 million people. lise 

secondary treatment or better. 

In 2003, the President is requesting 

$850.0 million for the Drinking Water State 

Revolving Fund (DWSRF). Through the 

DWSRF program, states wi ll provide loans 

to finance improvements to community 

water systems so that they can achieve 

compliance with the mandates of the Safe 

Drinking Water Act and continue to protect 

public health. Some non-state recipients, 

such as the Distri ct of Columbia and the 

tribes. will receive their DWSRF allocations 

in the fonn of grants. 

The DWSRF will be sclf.sustaining 

in the long run and will help offset the costs 

of ensuring safe drinking wate r supplies and 

assisting small communities in meeting their 

responsibilities. The FY 2003 request keeps 

EPA on track with our commitment to meet 

the goal for the DWSRF to provide an 

average of $500 million in annual financial 

assistance, even after Federal capitalization 

ends. Through FY 200 I, Congress has 

appropriated $4.4 billion for the DWSRF 

program. Through June 30, 2000, States had 

received $3 .6 billion in capitalization grants. 

which when combined with the state match, 

bond proceeds and other funds provided 

S5.2 bi llion in total cumulative funds 

available for loans. Through June 30, 2000, 

States had made close to 1,800 loans totaling 

S3.8 billion and 5 1.4 billio n remained 

ava ilable for loans. 

State Flexibili~y Between SRFs 

The Age ncy requests continuation 

of authority provided in the 1996 Safe 

Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments 

which allows states to transfer an amount 

equal to 33 percent of their DWSRF grants 

XIII-3 

to their CWSRF programs, or an equivalent 

amount from their CWSRF program to their 

DWSRF program. The transfer provision 

gives states flexibility to address the most 

critical demands in either program at a give n 

time. Unless extended, the transfer 

provision expires September 30, 2002. 

Set.Asidesfor Tribes 

To improve public hea lth and water 

quality in Indian Country, the Agency 

proposes to continue the I 1/2% set· aside of 

the CWSRF for wastewater grants to tribes 

as provided 111 the Agency's 2002 

appropriation. More than 70,000 homes in 

Indi an country have inadequate or 

nonexistent wastewater treatment. EPA and 

the Indian Health Service estimate that tribal 

wastewater infrastructure needs exceed 

$650.0 million as of 1997. 

Supporting Alaska Native Vii/ages 

The President's Budget requests 

540.0 million for Alaska nati ve villages for 

the construction of wastewater and drinking 

water faciliti es to address serious sanitatio n 

problems. EPA will continue to work wit h 

the Department of Health and Human 

Services' Indian Health Service, the State of 

Alaska, and loca l communities to provide 

needed financial and technical assistance. 

Goal 5: Bettcr Waste Management, 

Restoration of Contaminated Wastc Sites, 

and Erne rgency Response 

Browl{fieids b?lrastructure Projects 

The President's Budget requests a 

total of $120.5 million for brown fields 

infrastructure projects. EPA will award 

grants for assessment activities and for the 

brown fields cleanup revolvi ng loan funds 

I 
I Infrastructure Financing 

(BeRLF). In addition, under the new 

Brownfields Revitalization and Environmental Restoration Act of 200 I, the term 

brownfields has been expanded to include 

sites contaminated by petroleum or a 

petroleum product, therefore, grants will be 

awarded to assess and cleanup these sites. 

The statute also permits the award of bryants 

to perform cleanup activities and EPA will 

develop procedures to implement their 

award. 

Targeted Projects 

The President's Budget requests 58.0 

million for maintaining the Homestake Mine 

in South Dakota unti l the National Science 

Foundation makes a determination on 

whether to establish a National lab at the 

mmc. 

X 111-4 

Goal 6: Reducing Cross-border Enviro~ 

mental Risks - U.S.lMexico Border 

The President 's Budget requests a 

total of $75.0 million for water 

infrastructure projects along the 

U.S.lMexico Border. The goal of this 

pro!"TTam is to reduce environmental and 

human health risks along the U.S.lMexico 

Border. The communities a long both sides 

of the Border are facing unusual human 

health and environmenta l threats because of 

the lack of adeq uate wastewater and 

drinking water facilities. EPA's 

U.S.lMexico Border program provides funds 

to support the planning, design and 

construction of high priority water and 

wastewater treatment projects a long the 

U.S.lMexico Border. 

I 
I Trust Funds 

(doll(lrS ill millions) 

FY 2002 FY 2003 fY 2003 

FY 2002 Enacted President's President's 

Enacted FTE Budget Budget FTE 

Superfund 

Response $910. 1 1.555.3 5831.9 1.500.6 

Enforcement 5 167.5 1,129.6 $171.8 1.1 29. 1 

Management & Support 5132.9 490.9 $134.6 488.0 

Other Federal Agellcies S IO.7 0.0 S 10.7 U.O 

Homeland Security Supplemental $41 .3 0.0· 50.0 0.0 

Pension & Benefits Accrual Costs $19.4 0.0 $20.0 0.0 

Trall.~rer~ 

Inspector General $1 1.9 94. 1 $12.7 94. 1 

Research & Deve lopment 536.9 109.2 S 11 1.2 109.2 

Superfund TOlal $1 ,330.7 3,379.1 51,292.9 3.321.0 

Base Realignment and Closure (BRAe) $0.0 81.3 SO.O 83.5 

L UST S73.0 80.3 573.3 80.4 

Pension & Benefits Accrual Costs SO.9 0.0 $0.9 0.0 

T rust Fund Total: $1,404.6 3,625.7 $1,366.1 3,484.9 

F), ]()()] doe~' 1101 illdlldt' uvrJ.:yt'urs pl'ol'ided ill Ihe t:lllerg,,//('y Slipplelllellwi Approprimiolls ..lei fO/'Nomdol/(l XCI/ri/): 

SUPERFUND 

In 2003 , the President's Budget 

requests a total of $1 ,292.9 million in 

discretionary budget authority and 3,321.0 

workyears for Superfund, Currently, more 

XJV-I 

than 92 percent of 1,450 sites on the 

Superfund final national priorities list (NPL) 

are either undergoing cleanup construction 

(remedial or removal) or are completed. 

I 
I Trust Funds 

Of the total funding requested, 

$83 1.9 million and 1,500.6 workyears are 

for Superfund cleanups. The Agency's 

Superfund cleanup program addresses public 

health and environmental threats from 

uncontrolled re leases of hazardous 

substances. In 2003, EPA and its partners 

will complete 40 Superfund cleanups at NPL 

sites to achieve the ove rall goal of 884 

construction completions by the end of 

2003. 

Of the total funding requested, 

$ 17 1.8 million and 1,129. 1 workyears for 

the Superfund Enforcement program. One 

of Superfund's primary goa ls is to have 

responsible parties pay for and conduct 

cleanups at abandoned or uncontrolled 

hazardous waste sites. The program focuses 

on maximizing all aspects o f potentially 

responsible party (PRP) partIcIpation, 

including having PRPs initiate work at 70% 

of the new construction sta rts at non-Federa l 

Fac ility Superfund sites, and emphasizing 

fa irness in the settlement process. Where 

PRP negotiations and previous enforcement 

actions fail , EPA uses its appropriation to 

clean up sites and then seeks to recover 

these costs from the PRPs. 

The remammg portion of the 

Superfund FY 2003 President's Budget 

comprises Management and Support, other 

Federa l agencIes, Research and 

Development and Inspecto r General. The 

President's Budget requests $134.6 million 

and 488.0 workyears for management and 

support activities. These resources support 

Agency-wide resource management and 

control functions including: essential 

infrastructure, contract administration, 

x/v-2 

financial accounting and other fiscal 

operations. 

Included in our Superfund request is 

$10.7 million for our Federal agency 

partners. The Agency works with several 

other Federal agencies to perfonn essenti al 

services in areas whcre the Agency docs not 

possess the specialized expertise. Currently 

the Agency has interagency agreements with 

the United States Coast Guard, the 

Department of the Inte rior, the Federal 

Emergency Management Agency, and the 

Occupational Safety and Health 

Administration. 

The President 's Budget also requests 

$ 123 .9 million and 203.3 workyears to be 

transferred to Research and Development 

for innovative cleanup technology testing 

and the Inspector General for program 

auditing. 

Base Realignment and Closure Act 

(BRAC) 

The FY 2003 President's Budget 

requests 83 .5 reimbursable workyears to 

conduct the BRAC program. Since 1993, 

EPA has worked with the Department of 

De fense (0 00 ) and the states' 

environmental programs to make property 

environmentally acceptable for transfer, 

whi le protecting human health and the 

environment -- at realigning or closing 

mili tary insta llations. Between 1988 and 

1995, 497 major military installations 

representing the Army, Navy, Air Force, and 

Defense Logistics Agency were slated for 

realignment or closure. Of these, 108 

install ations have been designated as FastI 
I Trust Funds 

Track sites. The Fasl-Track program strives 

to make parcels ava ilable for reuse as 

qui ckl y as possible, by either transfer of 

uncontaminated or remedi al parcels, or lease 

of contaminated parcels where cleanup is 

underway or "early transfer" of 

contaminated property undergoing cleanup. 

LUST 

The FY 2003 President's Budget 

requests $73.3 million and 80A workyears 

for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank 

(LUST) program. Approxi mately 85 

pe rcent of this will be used for state 

cooperative agreeme nts and support for 

tribal cleanup. One of the Agency's highest 

priorities in the LUST progmm over the next 

several years is to address approximately 

150,000 cleanups that have yet to be 

compl eted (as of September 200 1), and to 

address LUST sites that are difficult to 

rcmediate because they arc contaminated by 

methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and 

other oxygenates. In 2003 the Agency's 

goa l is to complete 22,500 cleanups under 

the supervision of EPA and its state, local 

and tribal partners. 

XIV-3 

I 

Environmental Protection Agency 

Summary of Agency Workforce by Goal 

Worl..years 

FY 2002 FY 2003 

Enacted Request 

I. Clean Air 1,830.7 1.820.0 

2. Clean and Safe Water 2.737.3 2,742.8 

3. Safe Food 777.5 770. 1 

4. Preventing Pollution 1,204.9 1, 193.9 

5. Belter Waste Management 4,308.5 4,498.7 

6. Global and Cross-Border Risks 517.7 504.7 

7. Quality Envi ronmental In formation 840. 1 847.1 

8. Sound Sc ience 989.6 996.3 

9. Credible Deterrent 2,442.5 2,330.7 

IO.Effective Management 1,996.2 1,943.7 

Grand Total 17,645.0 17,648.0 

FY 2002 dues not include workyears provided in the Emergency SupplemenUlI 

Appropriations ActIor Homeland Security. 

XV-I 

Delta 

FY 2003 vs. 

FY 2002 

(10.7) 

5.5 

(7.4) 

(11.0) 

190.2 

( 13.0) 

7.0 

6.7 

( 111.8) 

(52.5) 

3.0 
Environmental Protection Agency 

Summary of Aeency Resources bV Goal 

(dollars in thousands) 

Delta 

FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2003 VS. 

Enacted Request FY 2002 

I. Clean Air $593,36 1.8 $597,977.3 $4,6 15.5 

2. Clean and Safe Water $3,738,990.3 $3,2 14,674.2 ($524,3 16. 1 ) 

3. Safe Food $ 109,071.7 $ 109,8 14.6 $742.9 

4. Preventing Pollution 53 19,9 15.1 $326,65 1.9 $6,736.8 

5. Better Waste Management SI,520,683.8 $1,7 11,279.8 $190,596.0 

6. Global a nd Cross-Borde r Risks S276,588.0 5269,727.2 (S6,860.8) 

7. Quality Environmentall nfonnation $ 197,067.8 SI99,124.0 $2,056.2 

8. Sound Science $336,066.9 S327,837.9 (58,229.0) 

9. Credible Deterrent $386,539.6 $402,462.9 SI5,923.3 

10. Effective Management $424,928.0 $460,963.2 $36.035.2 

Offsetting Receipts 50.0 ($4,000.0) ($4,000.0) 

Adjustment to account for proposed 

retirement and health benefits legislation $103.588.6 $107,087.8 SO.O 

Grand Total Budget Authorit)' $8,006,801.6 $7,723,600.8 ($283,200.8) 

FY 2002 does 1I0t include $ / 75.6 millioll provided ill the Emergenc.:v Supplemental 

Appropriations Act for Homeland SecllriO'-

XV-2 
Environmental Protection Agency 

Summary of A2enCY Resources by AJ!I!!'opriation 

(dollars in thousands) 

FY 2002 

FY 2002 Supplemental FY 2003 

Enactcd Rcsources Request 

Science & Technology $712,867.3 590,308.0 $685,275. 1 

Environmental Programs and Management $2,1 19,363.6 539,000.0 $2, 114,860.6 

Buildings & Facilities 525,3 18.0 $0.0 $42,9 18.0 

Oil Spill Response $ 16,104.5 $0.0 $ 16,706.4 

Inspector General $36,591.0 $0.0 $37,953 .9 

Superfund $1,289,352.0 54 1,292.0 $ 1,292,855.6 

Supe,.1ilnd Program $/.240.594.0 $4 /.292.0 5 /. / 68.945.6 

Research Tran4er 536.89 /. 0 $0.0 $ /1/. /68.0 

IG Tramler 5/ /. 867.0 $0.0 5/ 2.742.0 

State & Tribal Assistance Grants $3,733,276.0 $5,000.0 $3,463,776.0 

Leaking Undeq~,'1'ollnd Storage Tanks $73,929.2 $0.0 $73,255 .2 

Offsetting Receipts $0.0 50.0 ($4,000.0) 

Grand Total Budget Authority $8,006,801 .6 $175,600.0 $7,723,600,8 

FY 2003 ineilides SI07 million for proposed new pension alld health bene/its legislation . To make 

colllmlls comparable. the FY 2002 Enacted level has been revised for this change. 

XV-3