FY 2014

EPA Budget in Brief

United States Environmental Protection Agency

www.epa.gov
United States Environmental Protection Agency

Office of the Chief Financial Officer (2710A)

Publication Number: EPA-190-S-13-001

April 2013

www.epa.gov

Printed with vegetable-oil-based inks and is 

100-percent postconsumer recycled material, chlorine-free-processed and recyclable.
 PAGE 

Overview .................................................................................................................. 1 

Summary Resource Charts

 

EPA’s FY 2014 Budget by Goal..........................................................................11

EPA’s FY 2014 by Appropriation.........................................................................12

EPA’s Resource History......................................................................................13

EPA’s Resources by Major Category..................................................................14

Highlights of Major Budget Changes ................................................................... 15 

Goals

 

Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality .................23

Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters .................................................................. 35 

Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development ... 49 

Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution...................65

Goal 5: Enforcing Environmental Laws ...............................................................73

Appendices

 

Summary Resource Tables

 EPA’s Resources by Appropriation..................................................................87 

 EPA’s Program/Projects by Program Area.......................................................89

 

Highlighted Programs 

 Categorical Grants .........................................................................................103

 STAG (State and Tribal Assistance Grants) ...................................................105

 Estimated SRF Obligations by State (FY 2012 – FY 2014)............................113

 Infrastructure Financing .................................................................................117

 Trust Funds (Superfund, Leaking Underground Storage Tanks) ...................123

 

List of Acronyms ............................................................................................... 129

Mission

The mission of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

is to protect human health and the environment. 

Budget in Brief Overview

The mission of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is to protect human health 

and the environment by keeping pollution out of the air we breathe, toxins out of the 

water we drink and swim in, and harmful chemicals out of the food we eat and the lands 

where we build our homes and our communities. The agency’s FY 2014 budget request 

supports new directions in transforming our work as well as critical core efforts in the 

agency’s priorities. Advancing environmental justice and achieving transparency in 

agency decision-making are an integral part of achieving our mission. 

Environmental challenges and health threats have the capacity to limit opportunity and 

hold back the progress of entire communities. The environmental impact of disasters, 

both natural and man-made, whether regional or local in scale, reinforce the critical 

importance of fulfilling the EPA’s mission and providing the safeguards that the 

American people look to the agency to deliver. We will meet these challenges by using 

the best available scientific information and ensuring fair and effective enforcement of 

environmental laws. By instituting transformational changes to how we do our work 

made possible by advances in technology, we will be able to provide all parts of 

society—communities, individuals, businesses, and federal, state, local, and tribal 

governments—access to accurate information so that they may participate effectively in 

managing human health and environmental risks. The EPA’s work is guided by the best 

possible data and research and a commitment to transparency and the accountability 

that comes with it. 

The EPA strives to be a good steward of taxpayer resources and to deliver 

environmental protection in the most efficient way. To learn more about how the agency 

accomplishes its mission, including information on the organizational structure and 

regional offices, visit: http://www2.epa.gov/aboutepa/.

FY 2014 Annual Performance Plan and President’s Budget (including FY 2012 

Annual Performance Report)

The EPA’s FY 2014 Annual Performance Plan and President’s Budget requests $8.153

billion, $296 million or 3.5 percent below FY 2012 Enacted funding. The EPA’s budget 

request includes a balanced approach to meeting our core program responsibilities in 

FY 2014 and into the future by investing in transformational change and making 

necessary reductions to programmatic spending and significant cuts to infrastructure 

financing. As part of adapting to the current fiscal reality, the FY 2014 budget focuses 

on core work and significantly reduces or eliminates programs where the mission has 

been largely achieved or can be accomplished by other organizations - either public or 

1
private. The budget also reflects savings from program and operational efficiencies, 

changes to the EPA’s workforce, and continued efforts to manage the EPA’s real estate 

footprint.

In FY 2014, the EPA seeks to maintain the strength of federal, state and tribal core 

programs. The agency recognizes the difficult fiscal situation the nation is facing and 

made very difficult decisions resulting in reductions to support for water infrastructure

and other select activities within the EPA’s operating budget. This budget proposes 

large strategic reductions that allow continued support for our established priorities and 

core work to sustain necessary and fundamental human health and environmental 

protection. Recognizing the limitations of the federal budget and the declining resources 

of the states, the agency will continue to implement strategies that use resources more 

efficiently and find opportunities to focus and leverage efforts at all levels to achieve 

results. This budget highlights actions to reduce costs and redirect our resources to 

higher priorities across programmatic lines. 

An essential aspect of the FY 2014 budget is our investment in transformational change

to how we do our work; adapting and embracing opportunities for innovation and 

reinvention. The budget identifies resources critical to this process and to achieving a 

more efficient way to deliver environmental protections and the vision of a Government 

of the 21st Century. Changing business, technology, and resource challenges require 

the EPA to take a new approach to accomplish our mission. 

The EPA strives to connect the results we have achieved to our planning and budgeting 

decisions and to support our overall strategic direction and priorities. The EPA’s FY 

2012 performance information is highlighted throughout the budget request.

FY 2014 Funding Priorities

Support for Core Mission and Priorities

The FY 2014 Annual Performance Plan and Budget of $8.153 billion invests in 

transformational change to how we do our work and where we do it, provides resources 

critical to dealing with tomorrow’s challenges today, funds our core programs to 

advance our priorities, and maintains support for states and tribes. Our FY 2014 request 

will continue our progress in clean air and climate change, protecting the nation’s 

waters, supporting sustainable water infrastructure, protecting our lands, ensuring the 

safety of chemicals, and realizing the benefits of technology by implementing the Next 

Generation Compliance initiative designed to transform enforcement and compliance 

approaches and improve environmental protection. Additional details and supporting 

information can be found in the program descriptions. 

E-Enterprise 

A total of $60 million across the agency supports this effort in FY 2014. The 

vision of E-Enterprise is a world where businesses routinely conduct 

environmental business transactions with regulators electronically. The EPA will

develop a single portal where “customers” register to conduct business with the 

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EPA, much like online banking. The system will “push” tailored information out to 

customers based on their unique needs. They will be able to go online to apply 

for permits, check compliance status, report their emissions, and learn about new 

regulations that may apply to them. A goal of E-Enterprise is to replace outdated, 

paper-reporting with integrated e-reporting systems using advanced technology 

and shared IT services. The paperwork and regulatory reporting burden would be 

reduced by more efficient collection, reporting, and use of data, plus regulatory 

revisions to eliminate redundant or obsolete information requests. 

Through a combination of e-reporting and regulatory streamlining, the regulatory 

reporting burden would be reduced while simultaneously giving industry, 

government and the public better information on sources, pollutant releases and 

environmental conditions. E-Enterprise will enable local communities to have 

quicker and broader access to information about environmental conditions and 

pollution sources in their neighborhoods. The effectiveness of collaboration 

between the EPA and states will be enhanced, resulting in more effective public 

programs.

Enforcement and Compliance

In FY 2014, the EPA seeks to maintain the strength of its core national 

enforcement and compliance assurance program. Recognizing the challenging 

fiscal climate at both the federal and state level, the agency will implement 

strategies to use resources more efficiently and find opportunities to focus and 

leverage efforts to assure compliance with environmental laws. The EPA has 

achieved impressive pollution control and health benefits through vigorous 

compliance monitoring and enforcement, but the sheer number of regulated 

facilities and the contribution of large numbers of smaller sources of pollution, 

combined with federal and state budget constraints, means that the EPA needs 

to find approaches that go beyond the traditional single facility inspection and 

enforcement model to ensure widespread compliance. 

In light of fiscal constraints, there is a need to innovate so the EPA can achieve 

gains in compliance over the long-term. The EPA is developing and 

implementing new methods based on advances in both monitoring and 

information technology that will improve compliance and our ability to focus on 

the most serious violations. This initiative, Next Generation Compliance, includes 

five key components: the use of state-of-the-art monitoring technology to detect 

pollution problems; leveraging electronic reporting to enhance government 

efficiency and reduce paperwork and regulatory reporting burden; enhancing 

transparency so the public is aware of facility and government environmental 

performance; implementing innovative enforcement approaches; and structuring 

regulations to be more effective in facilitating improved compliance. Next 

Generation Compliance complements E-Enterprise. 

Climate Change

A request of $176.5 million for climate change supports the President’s 

commitment to address this important challenge. This level of funding, $8.1 

million above FY 2012, will support efforts across multiple EPA programs to 

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address the impacts of climate change. Funding will allow the agency to continue 

to support a mix of voluntary and regulatory approaches to reducing greenhouse 

gas (GHG) emissions. The ENERGY STAR program, the Global Methane 

Initiative, the GHG Reporting Rule, Clean Air Act permits, and state and local 

technical assistance and partnership programs, such as SmartWay, will all help 

reduce GHGs. 

The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report, Adapting to the Impacts of 

Climate Change1 highlights the impacts to environmental systems that are crucial 

to our social and economic well-being. The report indicates that climate change 

is associated with increased flooding, prolonged drought, more severe heat 

waves, more frequent wildfires, and changes in wetland, forest, and grassland 

habitats. These events result in substantial economic consequences through the 

contamination of drinking water resources, impaired air and water quality, and 

reduced capacity of ecosystems to provide the services to society that we 

depend upon. Better information about the severity and extent of these impacts 

will enable the EPA to achieve its goals in environmental and human health 

protection. 

The EPA will consider the results of a range of international assessments to 

address climate impacts of short-lived climate forcers. These traditional air 

pollutants, including black carbon, a constituent of particulate matter (PM), and 

ozone have an immediate impact on climate. Reducing emissions of these 

pollutants can reap immediate climate and public health benefits. The EPA’s 

work to establish the new fuel and national emissions standards to reduce 

emissions of air pollution and educate consumers on the ways their actions affect 

the environment have led to real success stories. The most recent, the new 

corporate average fuel economy (café) standards, require cars and light trucks to 

get a minimum of 54.5 miles to the gallon starting with the model year 2025 - 

saving 12 billion barrels of oil and eliminating 6 billion metric tons of carbon 

dioxide pollution, along with saving consumers $1.7 trillion at the pump over the 

life of the program. 

Improving Air Quality 

The EPA is dedicated to protecting and improving the quality of the nation’s air to 

promote public health and protect the environment. Improving air quality has 

important economic benefits for American citizens. Scientific studies have linked

climate change to worsening air quality, which is linked to adverse impacts such 

as reduced productivity through missed work and school days, increased hospital 

visits, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and even premature death – 

especially for certain vulnerable populations like the elderly, the poor, and 

children. The EPA’s budget includes resources that will be dedicated to 

improving air quality in FY 2014, maintaining the progress already made over the 

last several years. 

1 http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/materials-based-on-reports/reports-inbrief/Adapting_Report_Brief_final.pdf

4
In FY 2014, the EPA will continue its Clean Air Act prescribed responsibilities to 

administer the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) by taking federal 

oversight actions and by developing regulations and policies to ensure continued 

health and welfare protections. The EPA will maintain support for core work in 

particulate matter (PM) NAAQS to include the 2012 PM NAAQS revisions; the 

new Renewable Fuel Standards (RFS2) program; and implementing the Energy 

Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005 and the Energy Independence and Security Act 

(EISA) of 2007. We will continue work addressing risks and exposures to air 

toxics from multiple sources and fulfilling Clean Air Act and court-ordered 

obligations. Funding also supports our continued efforts in indoor air, 

stratospheric ozone and radiation programs. 

 

Protecting America’s Waters

The EPA’s ecosystem protection programs encompass a wide range of 

approaches that address specific at-risk regional areas and larger categories of 

threatened systems, such as urban waters, estuaries, and wetlands. Locally 

generated pollution, combined with pollution carried by rivers and streams and 

through air deposition, can accumulate in these ecosystems and degrade them 

over time. The EPA and its federal partners along with states, tribes, 

municipalities, and private parties, will continue efforts to restore the integrity of

the impaired waters of the United States as part of the agency’s mission and also 

in recognition of the expected long-term benefits of healthy aquatic systems as 

economic cornerstones vital to property values, tourism, recreational and 

commercial fishing, and hunting. 

From nutrient loadings and stormwater runoff to invasive species, energy 

extraction, and drinking water contaminants, water quality programs face 

complex challenges that can be addressed effectively only through a combination 

of traditional and innovative strategies. The EPA will continue to work hand-inhand with states and tribes to develop and implement nutrient limits; focus on 

Total Maximum Daily Loads2 (TMDLs) and National Pollutant Discharge 

Elimination System (NPDES) permits; and continue to strengthen the nationwide 

monitoring network. 

Resources for core program work will support continued progress and lead to 

important milestones and improvements in FY 2014. The EPA will complete 

statistically valid surveys of the nation’s waters and develop or publish the 

National Rivers and Streams Assessment3 (monitoring in 2014; due in 2016), the 

National Wetland Condition Assessment4 (due in 2014), and the National Lakes 

Assessment (due FY 2015). The EPA will continue to promote the application of 

new reporting, monitoring and assessment tools to support the integration of 

federal, regional, state and local monitoring efforts for water quality management. 

2 For more information, visit: http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/lawsguidance/cwa/tmdl/index.cfm. 3 For more information, visit: http://water.epa.gov/type/rsl/monitoring/riverssurvey/index.cfm 4 For more information, visit: http://water.epa.gov/type/wetlands/assessment/survey/index.cfm. 

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The EPA Water Quality Exchange5 launched in 2007 allows states, tribes and 

other organizations to share their monitoring data over the Internet. 

The EPA will continue to emphasize watershed stewardship, watershed-based 

approaches, water efficiencies and best practices. The EPA will focus specifically 

on green infrastructure, nutrients, and trading among point sources and nonpoint 

sources for water quality improvements and urban waters. In FY 2014, the 

agency will advance the water quality monitoring initiative under the Clean Water 

Act and develop important rules and implementation activities under the Safe 

Drinking Water Act. Related efforts to improve monitoring and surveillance will 

help advance water security nationwide. As part of our transformational change 

efforts under E-Enterprise, the request includes $2.2 million to replace the EPAoperated SDWIS/Fed with SDWIS Next-Gen. This will enable electronic data 

exchange among laboratories, states, and EPA; more efficient reporting and 

display of drinking water quality; and a reduction in the cost of the system over 

time. 

Much remains to be done, and progress is incremental; the most recent impaired 

waters listing numbered over 41,000. The 2012 Coastal Conditions survey found 

our nation’s coasts in fair condition, essentially the same as the last report four 

years ago. Great Lakes’ conditions were rated the lowest, although this 

Administration’s Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) is yielding 

improvements. This effort has contributed to the removal of 21 Beneficial Use 

Impairments at 12 different Great Lakes Areas of Concern, meeting the EPA’s 

cumulative target of 33 for this measure and exceeding the GLRI Action Plan 

target.6 In FY 2014, EPA will fund the Great Lakes effort at $300 million. Overall 

geographic programs are funded at $410.9 million and include $73 million for 

Chesapeake Bay, another significant national effort. 

Sustainable Water Infrastructure

The Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds are provided $1.912 

billion in FY 2014, a $472 million reduction from FY 2012. As part of the 

Administration’s long-term strategy, the EPA is implementing a Sustainable 

Water Infrastructure Policy that focuses on working with states and communities 

to enhance technical, managerial and financial capacity which also addresses 

"green infrastructure" options and their multiple benefits. Federal dollars provided 

through the State Revolving Funds will act as a catalyst for efficient system-wide 

planning and ongoing management of sustainable water infrastructure. New 

infrastructure improvement projects for public drinking water systems are 

supported by $817 million for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund and by 

$1.095 billion for public water treatment systems under the Clean Water State 

Revolving Fund. 

5 For more information, visit: http://www.epa.gov/storet/wqx/. 6 Results are achieved through GLRI funding as well as other non-GLRI federal and/or state funding.

6
Protecting Our Land

In FY 2014, the EPA will continue its core program work to cleanup, redevelop, 

and revitalize contaminated sites through the Superfund, Brownfields, RCRA 

Corrective Action, and Leaking Underground Storage Tanks programs. Many 

communities across the country regularly face risks posed by intentional and 

accidental releases of hazardous substances into the environment. To address 

exposures to releases that have already occurred and/or will occur in the future, 

the EPA will continue to identify and implement opportunities to integrate and 

leverage the full range of the agency’s land cleanup authorities to accelerate the 

pace of cleanups, address a greater number of contaminated sites, and put these 

sites back into productive use while protecting human health and the 

environment. One example is the $0.3 million increase to support Strong Cities, 

Strong Communities to provide guidance, technical assistance and analytical 

support to local efforts to update land use codes to support the economic 

trajectory of the community and better catalyze economic redevelopment. 

The Superfund program protects the American public and its resources by 

cleaning up contaminated sites which pose an imminent or long-term risk of 

exposure and harm to human health and the environment. In FY 2014, the 

agency will maintain the funding level necessary to respond to emergency 

releases of hazardous substances as well as maintain the goal of sites achieving 

human exposure and groundwater migration under control at cleanup sites. As of 

October 2012, the EPA had controlled human exposures to contamination at 

1,361 National Priority List sites. 

The EPA also will continue to implement its Community Engagement Initiative to 

ensure transparent and accessible decision-making processes, deliver 

information that communities can use to participate meaningfully, and help the 

EPA produce outcomes that are responsive to community perspectives and that 

ensure timely cleanup decisions. Also increasing transparency and creating 

efficiencies, the e-Manifest system will reduce paperwork burden for firms 

regulated under RCRA’s hazardous waste provisions by a range of $77 million to 

$126 million annually and provide access to key information about hazardous 

wastes being transported. System development will begin for this component of 

E-Enterprise in FY 2014. 

Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals

Ensuring the safety of new or existing chemicals in commerce to protect the 

American people remains a key EPA priority. Chemicals are ubiquitous in our 

everyday lives and products. They are used in the production of everything from 

our homes and cars to the cell phones we carry and the food we eat. Chemicals 

often are released into the environment as a result of their manufacture, 

processing, use, and disposal. The $686.2 million requested in FY 2014 will allow 

the EPA to sustain its success in managing the potential risks of new chemicals 

entering commerce without impacting progress in assessing and ensuring the 

safety of existing chemicals. 

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In FY 2014, the approach focuses on: 1) using all available authorities under the 

Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) to take immediate and lasting action to 

eliminate or reduce identified chemical risks and develop proven safer 

alternatives; 2) using regulatory mechanisms to fill remaining gaps in critical 

exposure data and increasing transparency and public access to information on 

TSCA chemicals; and 3) using data from all available sources to conduct detailed 

chemical risk assessments on the chemicals EPA identified in its TSCA Work 

Plan to determine which risk management actions may be needed and why. The 

EPA’s pesticide licensing program will continue to evaluate new pesticides before 

they reach the market and will continue to ensure that pesticides already in 

commerce are safe when used in accordance with the label. 

 

Achieving an environmentally sustainable future demands that the EPA address 

today’s environmental problems while simultaneously preparing for long-term 

challenges. These efforts support the development and employment of 

approaches for alternative sustainable product formulations found by studying 

chemical life cycles to address issues of cumulative risk, environmental chemical 

mixtures, population-vulnerability, and environmental justice, as related to 

exposure disparities. Chemical safety research is directed to manage the risks 

arising from exposure to hazardous chemical substances. In FY 2014, the EPA 

will continue the multi-year transition away from the traditional assays used in the 

endocrine disruptor screening program through efforts to validate and use 

computational toxicology and high throughput screening methods. This is 

expected to allow the agency to more quickly, efficiently, and cost-effectively 

assess potential chemical toxicity.

Supporting State and Tribal Partners

Supporting our state and Tribal partners, the primary implementers of 

environmental programs on the ground, is a long-held priority of the EPA. 

Funding to states and tribes in the State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) 

account continues to be the largest percentage of the EPA's budget request, at 

nearly 40 percent in FY 2014. The FY 2014 budget includes a total of $1.136

billion in categorical grants, an increase of $47 million over FY 2012 levels. 

These funds support core regulatory program work conducted by states and 

tribes essential to maintaining hard won progress in environmental and human 

health protection in the air, water, waste management, and pesticides programs. 

The request also will provide a much needed increase for Tribal governments in 

building environmental protection program capacity. In FY 2014, the request 

includes resources for our state, local and Tribal partners, as part of the EEnterprise Initiative, to build integrated data systems that will reduce burden on 

industry and improve services for the regulated community and the public. 

Priority Science and Research

Science and research continue to be the foundation of all our work at the EPA. 

The Research and Development program’s integrated and cross-disciplinary 

organization of the scientific research programs provide a systems’ perspective 

that leverages expertise to address the multi-dimensional challenges facing the 

8
agency, increasing the benefits from high-quality science. Superior science leads 

to shared solutions; everyone benefits from clean air and clean water. Rigorous 

science leads to innovative solutions to complex environmental challenges. In FY 

2014, the EPA is focusing research on the most critical issues facing the agency, 

ensuring the best scientific underpinning for regulatory actions and finding more 

sustainable solutions for environmental issues. These include assessing the 

human health and environmental impacts of energy production and use; 

minimizing the impacts of climate change; and developing effective, systemsbased watershed management approaches as well as forward-looking national, 

regional and community level strategies for green infrastructure, chemical safety 

and other innovative alternative practices. 

One area of continued importance in FY 2014 is hydraulic fracturing. Energy and 

mineral extraction and production are important to the nation’s economy but also 

have the potential to impact surface and subsurface water resources. Multiple 

federal agencies are engaged in hydraulic fracturing (HF) research, and the EPA 

is committed to collaborating across agencies. In FY 2014 HF research will focus 

on understanding and preventing the potential negative impacts of associated 

activities on water resources. The EPA will publish the Impacts of Hydraulic 

Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources draft report that is expected for release 

in the late calendar year of 2014. This report will outline the results of research 

focused on whether HF has adverse effects on drinking water resources, and, if 

so, what the driving factors are. 

Eliminations and Efficiencies

Recognizing the tight limits on discretionary spending across government, the EPA has 

evaluated and reprioritized its work and made necessary adjustments to focus FY 2014 

resources toward the agency’s highest priorities and most critical needs. These 

reductions and eliminations and the projected impacts are described in fuller detail in 

appropriate sections of the FY 2014 Justification of Appropriation. 

Eliminations

The EPA continues to examine its programs to find those that have served their 

purpose and accomplished their mission. The FY 2014 budget proposes the elimination 

of programs totaling $54 million. Many of these were included as elimination in the FY 

2013 President’s Budget including: the Clean Automotive Technology Program; Beach 

categorical grants; Environmental Education; State Indoor Radon Grants; the Support to 

Other Federal Agencies program within Superfund; and the Fibers program. As a 

continuation of this effort, in FY 2014, the SunWise program and the Greener Economy 

programs also are proposed for elimination. 

Efficiencies

As part of the overall effort to transform into the EPA of the 21st Century, EPA is 

examining how it can do its work differently, both programmatically and administratively, 

to achieve efficiencies and results. In addition to E-Enterprise, the EPA has been taking 

9
a series of important steps to lay the groundwork for longer-term efficiencies. Major 

projects include continued enhancement of collaboration tools and IT systems, 

implementing Regional Centers of Expertise and consolidating or reconfiguring our 

space (including the Las Vegas facilities), all of which will help ensure the best use of 

human and financial resources. The EPA is continuing the effort to analyze staffing 

levels and deploy human resources to achieve the agency’s mission more effectively 

and efficiently. To that end, the FTE request of 16,870 in the FY 2014 budget is the 

lowest in 20 years. 

10
Environmental Protection Agency’s

FY 2014 Budget by Goal

Total Agency: $8,153 Million

Note: Totals may not add due to rounding.

Goal 1

 13.1%

Goal 2

45.0%

Goal 3

23.2%

Goal 4

8.4%

Goal 5

10.3%

Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality

Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters

Goal 3: Cleaning Up Our Communities

Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution

Goal 5: Enforcing Environmental Laws

$1,072 M

$3,665 M $1,889 M

$686M

$841 M

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Environmental Protection Agency’s

FY 2014 Budget by Appropriation

Total Agency: $8,153 Million

Note: Totals may not add due to rounding.

S&T

9.6%

EPM

34.5%

IG

$45 M

0.6%

B&F

$54 M

0.7%

Oil

$21 M

0.3%

SF

14.5%

LUST

$99 M

1.2%

STAG

38.7%

Science & Technology Environmental Programs & Management

Inspector General Buildings & Facilities

Inland Oil Spill Programs Superfund

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks State & Tribal Assistance Grants

eManifest

$3,154 M $784 M

$1,180 M

$2,813 

STAG 

38.7% 

eManifest

$2 M

12
$8.2 $8.1 $8.1 

$8.4 

$8.0 

$7.6 $7.7 $7.5 $7.6 

$10.3 

$8.7 $8.5 

$0.0

$2.0

$4.0

$6.0

$8.0

$10.0

$12.0

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013CR 2014

Dollars in Billions

Fiscal Year

President's Budget Enacted Budgets

EPA’s Enacted Budget FY 2002 to 2014

(Dollars in Billions)

FY 2014 President’s Budget

Notes:

FY 2002 Enacted includes $175.6 M provided for Homeland Security in the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act.

FY 2006 Enacted excludes hurricane supplemental funding. 

FY 2009 Enacted excludes ARRA funding.

FY 2013 CR as of March 25, 2013 excludes Hurricane Sandy Relief supplemental appropriation of $608 million.

All Enacted Budgets include rescissions.

17,832 17,802 17,909 17,759

17,631 17,560

17,324 17,252

17,417 17,494

17,055 17,055

16,870

15,000

15,500

16,000

16,500

17,000

17,500

18,000

18,500

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013CR 2014

FTE

Fiscal Year

EPA’s FTE* Ceiling History

* FTE (Full Time Equivalent) = one employee working full time for a full year (52 weeks X 40 hours = 2,080 hours), or the equivalent number of 

hours worked by several part-time or temporary employees.

FY 2014 President’s Budget

$8.5

13
Environmental Protection Agency’s

Resources by Major Category 

(Dollars in Billions)

$2.4 $2.1 $2.1 $1.9 $1.9

$3.9

$2.7 $2.5 $2.5 $2.0

$1.3 $1.3 $1.3 $1.4 $1.4

$1.4

$1.4 $1.3 $1.3

$1.2

$3.1 $3.2 $3.2 $3.2 $3.3

$3.9

$3.7 $3.6 $3.6

$3.8

$1.1 $1.1 $1.1 $1.1 $1.1

$1.1

$1.1 $1.1 $1.1 $1.1

$0.0

$2.0

$4.0

$6.0

$8.0

$10.0

$12.0

2005 

EN

2006 

EN

2007 

EN

2008 

EN

2009 

EN

2010 

EN

2011 

EN

2012 

EN

2013 

CR

2014 

PB

Infrastructure Financing

Trust Funds

Operating Budget

Categorical Grants

$7.5 $7.6

$8.0 $7.6 $7.7

Notes:

Totals may not add due to rounding

The Operating Budget includes funding provided for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative.

FY 2005 Enacted reflects 0.8% Rescission

FY 2006 Enacted reflects 0.476% rescission plus 1% additional rescission and $80 M rescission to prior year funds. 

 Excludes $21 million in Hurricane Katrina Supplemental funding

FY 2008 Enacted includes a 1.56% rescission and $5 M rescission to prior year funds

FY 2009 Enacted reflects a $10 M rescission to prior year funds

FY 2009 Enacted excludes ARRA funding

FY 2010 Enacted reflects a $40 M rescission to prior year funds

FY 2011 Enacted reflects a 0.2% rescission and $140 M rescission to prior year funds

FY 2012 Enacted reflects a 0.16% rescission and $50 M rescission to prior year funds

FY 2013 CR as of March 25, 2013 excludes Hurricane Sandy Relief supplemental appropriation of $608 million.

$8.7 $8.5 $8.5

$10.3

$8.2

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Highlights of Major Budget Changes

E-Enterprise

Total E-Enterprise funding in FY 2014 is $60 million.

Highlights include the following:

• +$16.1 million in Exchange Network program to develop a single portal where “customers” would 

register to conduct business with EPA similar to on-line banking. The system would “push” tailored 

information out to customers based on their unique needs. It will create a single EPA infrastructure 

that enables specific programs and state systems to allow businesses to routinely conduct electronic 

environmental business transactions with regulators. They could go on-line to apply for permits, 

check compliance, report their emissions, and learn about new regulations that could apply to them.

• +$15.0 million in Compliance Monitoring and Civil Enforcement programs will reduce the regulatory 

reporting burden on regulated entities and provide easier access to and use of environmental data. 

Specific projects will support field work through a collection, evidence management, and reporting 

system for conducting inspections. The system will leverage new monitoring technology and digital 

services using e-reporting and interactive systems to reduce regulatory reporting burden while 

simultaneously giving industry, government, and the public better information on sources of pollutant 

releases and environmental conditions.

• +$11.6 million in Environmental Information Grants for our state, local and Tribal partners to convert 

to integrated data systems that will contribute to reducing regulatory reporting burden on industry and 

improve services for the regulated community and the public. Grants will be used to assist with the 

development of interactive and shared solutions that are more efficient to operate than current 

reporting. 

• +$4.4 million in RCRA Waste Management within two appropriations accounts for development of an 

e-Manifest system that will reduce paperwork reporting burden on industry and improve services for 

the regulated community. When fully implemented, e-Manifest is projected to reduce reporting costs 

for regulated businesses in the range of $77 to $126 million annually by converting the 5.1 million 

paper manifests for hazardous waste shipments to a modern tracking and reporting system.

• +$3.4 million in Water Pollution Control Grants (Sect. 106) is to support state E-Enterprise activities to 

enhance management of electronic data and improved automation in screening and analysis of water 

quality data. 

• +$3.4 million in Drinking Water Programs to be used to replace the EPA’s SDWIS/Fed with a Next 

Generation System that will be accessible to primacy agencies via the agency’s central portal.

• +$2.2 million in IT/Data Management for shared-IT solutions to support the National Enforcement and 

Inspection System (NEIS). NEIS will provide EPA regional and state inspectors with the capability to 

receive, analyze, and report information from the field, significantly reducing time and resources 

needed to conduct inspections.

• +$2.0 million in Federal Support for Air Quality Management to support the development of electronic 

emissions reporting. This increase will enhance the agency’s ability to collect electronic submissions 

of emissions data directly from the sources subject to CAA regulations. This effort will contribute to 

reducing the regulatory reporting burden and costs for industry, states, and federal activities.

• +$1.6 million across Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certification, Chemical Risk Review 

and Reduction and Protect Human Health from Pesticide Risk to create a shared system for data 

15
reporting from industries that submit directly to the EPA. The system will focus on simplifying 

reporting for small businesses, while enabling larger businesses to more readily integrate their own 

data to help eliminate duplicative data entry and streamline reporting. 

Climate Change and Air Quality 

Federal Support for Air Quality Management

(FY 2014 PB: $140.5M, FY 2012 Enacted: $130.1M, FY 2014 Change: +$10.4M) 

Significant changes include:

• +$3.2 million to support climate change efforts in the program such as greenhouse gas (GHG) 

related issues for expanded PSD programs and Title V operating permits reviews by the Regional 

Offices and sector- and source-specific guidance from headquarters, including guidance on 

significant national policy issues.

• +$2.0 million to support the E-Enterprise initiative as described above.

Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certification

(FY 2014 PB: $100.4M, FY 2012 Enacted: $91.9M, FY 2014 Change: +$8.5M) 

Significant changes include:

• +$2.2 million to make further progress addressing climate change, by beginning the technical work 

and analyses necessary to support GHG standards for non-road sources, such as locomotives, 

marine craft, and aircraft. These funds also will update scientific tools needed to evaluate new biofuel 

fuel technologies

• +$2.1 million to address vulnerabilities in EPA’s certification and compliance testing programs. These 

vulnerabilities are the result of a more than four-fold increase in demand for EPA vehicle and engine 

certifications since 1995, more challenging compliance oversight requirements, the increasing 

diversity of sophisticated technologies, and the expanded universe of regulated parties that must be 

monitored, particularly in the area of imported small engines. Currently, EPA conducts very limited 

testing of small imported engines, yet a high fraction of those engines fail EPA’s tests.

• +$0.4 million to support the E-Enterprise initiative as described above.

Climate Protection Program (EPM)

(FY 2014 PB: $106.2M, FY 2012 Enacted: $99.4M, FY 2014 Change: +$6.8M)

Significant changes include:

• +$2.4 million for the ENERGY STAR program for oversight of the third-party certification system for 

ENERGY STAR products and the implementation of the EPA’s verification process for residential, 

commercial and industrial buildings. The increase will improve quality control over the ENERGY 

STAR product labeling program and revise product and building specifications to advance energy 

efficiency. 

• +$2.4 million to support the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. The additional resources will allow 

the agency to handle increases in the reporting and verification workload across the many industry 

sectors and emission sources as well as our work with states.

Federal Stationary Source Regulations (FY 2014 PB: $34.1M, FY 2012 Enacted: $27.3M, FY 2014 Change: +$6.8M) 

• +$4.7 million of the requested increase will provide additional resources to ensure that the EPA will 

meet court-ordered deadlines and work on statutory deadlines to issue stationary source regulations.

This increase will allow the EPA to more efficiently coordinate actions to meet multiple CAA 

objectives for controlling both criteria and toxic air pollutants while considering cost effectiveness, the 

technical feasibility of controls, and provide greater certainty for regulated industry. 

• +$2.2 million will support climate change efforts in this program. The agency will use the latest 

science and data to make determinations whether regulation of GHG emissions from certain source 

categories is warranted, and to begin rulemakings as appropriate.

16
Climate Protection (S&T)

(FY 2014 PB: $8.3M, FY 2012 Enacted: $16.3M, FY 2014 Change: -$8.0M) 

• In the FY 2013 budget, EPA proposed eliminating funding associated with the EPA’s Clean 

Automotive Technology (CAT) program. The Agency again proposes this in FY 2014 in order to 

support the growing workload in vehicle, engine, and fuel standards certification at the Ann Arbor 

laboratory, while also saving $8.0 M. 

• In FY 2014, other Federal research programs such as DOE’s Vehicles Technology program will 

support the development of advanced technologies. 

• Expert staff and resources ($8.0 million) in the Climate Change program will implement necessary 

compliance functions associated with new GHG emission standards for light-duty and heavy-duty 

vehicles as well as needed actions for the NHTSA’s new CAFE standards.

Diesel Emission Reduction Act (DERA) Grants

(FY 2014 PB: $6.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $30.0M, FY 2014 Change: -$24.0M) 

• Requested resources support a new approach, initiated in FY 2013, designed to transition the 

program away from ongoing Federal support. The modified funding strategy will use rebates and 

revolving loan funds to concentrate resources on communities in a limited set of high exposure areas 

such as near ports and freight distribution hubs.

Radon Program (EPM)

(FY 2014 PB: $2.3M, FY 2012 Enacted: $3.9M, FY 2014 Change: -$1.6M) 

• -$1.5 million eliminates oversight for the State Indoor Radon Grants, which are also being eliminated, 

and targets remaining resources to implement the Federal Radon Action Plan, a multi-year, multiagency strategy for reducing the risk from radon exposure by leveraging existing federal housing 

programs and more efficiently implementing radon-related activities to have a greater impact on 

public health. 

America’s Waters 

Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI)

(FY 2014 PB: $300.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $299.5M, FY 2014 Change: +$0.5M) 

• Requested resources support EPA-led interagency efforts that focus on priority environmental issues 

such as toxic substances, nonpoint source pollution, habitat degradation and loss, and invasive 

species. In FY 2014, special priority will be placed on cleaning up and de-listing Areas of Concern, 

reducing phosphorus contributions from agricultural and urban lands that contribute to harmful algal 

blooms and other water quality impairments, and invasive species prevention. 

Chesapeake Bay Program 

(FY 2014 PB: $73.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $57.3M, FY 2014 Change: +$15.7M)

• Additional requested resources will increase implementation and accountability grants to the six 

Chesapeake Bay states and the District of Columbia to facilitate work on Watershed Implementation 

Plans and integration of state and local efforts, as well as an increase in monitoring grants.

Surface Water Protection

(FY 2014 PB: $213.3M, FY 2012 Enacted: $203.9M, FY 2014 Change: +$9.4M)

• Requested resources will strengthen the EPA’s full range of efforts to restore and maintain the 

chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation’s waters. Resources will support partnerships 

with states to address nonpoint source pollution including development and implementation of 

TMDLs, water quality monitoring, NPDES permit issuance support and oversight, WaterSense new 

product development, efforts to promote sustainability, and strengthening of water and wastewater 

infrastructure. Resources also will support urban communities, especially underserved communities, 

working to achieve their water restoration goals.

17
Drinking Water Programs

(FY 2014 PB: $107.7M, FY 2012 Enacted: $102.3M, FY 2014 Change: +$5.4M)

Significant changes include:

• +$3.4 million to support the E-Enterprise initiative as described above.

• +$0.9 million to provide resources to integrate environmental outreach activities through an intraagency workgroup to increase transparency about America’s drinking water standards, pollution 

runoff, improving water quality, and other critical environmental issues.

Wetlands

(FY 2014 PB: $27.7M, FY 2012 Enacted: $21.2M, FY 2014 Change: +$6.5M)

• +$6.5 million will support the EPA’s implementation of core Clean Water Act responsibilities under 

Section 404, including timely review of Section 404 permits, science reviews needed for agency

decision-making, and support for state efforts to establish and implement effective wetlands 

protection programs.

Geographic Programs

(FY 2014 PB: $30.8M, FY 2012 Enacted: $47.6M, FY 2014 Change: -$16.8M)

• Decrease reflects reductions to the Geographic Programs for Puget Sound, Gulf of Mexico, Lake 

Champlain, Long Island Sound, and San Francisco Bay. 

Beach / Fish Programs (FY 2014 PB: $0.7M, FY 2012 Enacted: $2.5M, FY 2014 Change: -$1.8M) 

• This decrease reflects the elimination of the Beach Program. The Beach Program has provided 

important guidance and significant funding which successfully supported states and local 

governments in establishing their own programs. Also includes a reduction to the Fish Advisory 

Program. The EPA will redirect ongoing work where possible to the Food and Drug Administration

and encourage the states’ implementation of their Fish Advisory Programs.

Marine Pollution

(FY 2014 PB: $11.6M, FY 2012 Enacted: $12.9M, FY 2014 Change: -$1.3M)

• This reflects a slight reduction to ocean monitoring and assessment activities. 

Water Infrastructure

State Revolving Funds (SRFs) 

(FY 2014 PB: $1,912.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $2,384.3M, FY 2014 Change: -$472.3M)

• The FY 2014 Budget request of $1,912 million includes $1,095 million for the Clean Water SRF and 

$817 million for the Drinking Water SRF. This funding level maintains the Administration’s support for 

the State Revolving Funds and brings the total to $20 billion for funds requested and/or received for 

the SRFs since FY 2009. 

State and Tribal Partnerships

State and Local Air Quality Management Grants

(FY 2014 PB: $257.2M, FY 2012 Enacted: $235.7M, FY 2014 Change: +$21.5M)

• This increase provides funds to States to support the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule, facilitating 

States' collection, review, and use of GHG emissions data. Additionally, funds will support GHG 

permitting to provide state and local agencies the resources to review permit applications and issue 

permits to large sources of greenhouse gas emissions.

18
Water Pollution Control Grants (Sect. 106) 

(FY 2014 PB: $258.7M, FY 2012 Enacted: $238.4M, FY 2014 Change: +$20.3M) 

• This increase is for states to improve their water quality programs relating to the management of 

nutrients and includes $3.4 million to support the E-Enterprise initiative as described above. 

Environmental Information Grants (FY 2014 PB: $21.6M, FY 2012 Enacted: $10.0M, FY 2014 Change: +$11.6M) 

• This increase is to support the E-Enterprise initiative as described above.

Tribal General Assistance Program (GAP) Grants 

(FY 2014 PB: $72.6M, FY 2012 Enacted: $67.6M, FY 2014 Change: +$5.0M)

• This reflects an increase in base funding available for GAP grants, which will: 1) increase the average 

size of grants made to eligible tribes while providing tribes with a stronger foundation to build Tribal 

capacity; and 2) further the EPA’s partnership and collaboration with tribes to address a wider set of 

program responsibilities and challenges.

Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Grants 

(FY 2014 PB: $109.7M, FY 2012 Enacted: $105.3M, FY 2014 Change: +$4.4M) 

• This increase in the PWSS program supports replacement of the state operated Safe Drinking Water 

Information System (SDWIS/State), a partner effort to the SDWIS/Fed E-Enterprise work under 

Drinking Water programs. These funds will allow more efficient sharing of drinking water data 

between states and the agency. 

Evidence-Based Enforcement and Compliance Grants

(FY 2014 PB: $4.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $0.0M, FY 2014 Change: +$4.0M) 

• Resources will assist states in developing and implementing innovative measures for assessing the 

performance of the enforcement and compliance assurance program and designing, implementing 

and evaluating innovative enforcement tools and approaches.

Beaches Protection Categorical Grants 

(FY 2014 PB: $0.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $9.9M, FY 2014 Change: -$9.9M) 

• EPA is proposing to eliminate these grants. The EPA has worked with state, tribal, and territorial 

governments for over ten years to develop their capacity to implement beach monitoring programs. 

Many of these non-federal agencies now have the ability and knowledge to run their own programs 

without federal support. 

Radon Categorical Grants

(FY 2014 PB: $0.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $8.0M, FY 2014 Change: -$8.0M) 

• EPA is proposing to eliminate these grants. This is a mature program that has achieved significant 

progress over the 23 years of its existence in mitigating radon exposure and building capacity at the

local and state government level to continue radon protection efforts without federal support.

Enforcement and Compliance

Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance

(FY 2014 PB: $624.6M, FY 2012 Enacted: $582.6M, FY 2014 Change: +$42.0M)

Significant changes include:

• +$15.0 million to support the E-Enterprise initiative as described above.

• +$6.4 million to maintain the capacity and support for case development, negotiation, and litigation. 

• +$4.1 million is for high priority activities such as conducting compliance inspections, maintaining 

compliance monitoring tools for effective targeting and supporting EPA’s enforcement data systems.

19
• +$4.0 million for Evidence-based Enforcement and Compliance grants as described above. 

• +$2.8 million to provide support for targeted, intelligence-led enforcement activities which will permit 

agents to more quickly and effectively investigate complex criminal cases. 

Chemical Safety 

Chemical Risk Review and Reduction

(FY 2014 PB: $62.7M, FY 2012 Enacted $56.5M, FY 2014 Change: +$6.2M) 

Significant changes include:

• +$5.6 million to develop, peer review, and finalize risk assessments of additional TSCA work plan 

chemicals and increase the pace of its review of existing TSCA confidential business information 

cases.

• +$0.6 million to support the E-Enterprise initiative as described above.

Protect Human Health from Pesticide Risk

(FY 2014 PB: $61.8M, FY 2012 Enacted $61.5M, FY 2014 Change: +$0.3M)

Significant changes include:

• +$0.6 million to support the E-Enterprise initiative as described above.

Endocrine Disruptors

(FY 2014 PB: $6.9M, FY 2012 Enacted $8.3M, FY 2014 Change: -$1.4M) 

• This decrease reflects progress in the program as well as anticipates savings from the development

and implementation of the Computational Toxicology program. In the near term, computational 

toxicology based approaches will enable the EPA to more efficiently prioritize chemicals for screening 

and increase efficiency in identifying chemicals with the potential to disrupt the endocrine system.

Chemical Risk Management

(FY 2014 PB: $3.6M, FY 2012 Enacted $6.0M, FY 2014 Change: -$2.4M) 

• This decrease reflects elimination of the fibers program and a reduction to guidance to manage the 

disposal of PCBs.

Healthy Communities 

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

(FY 2014 PB: $117.8M, FY 2012 Enacted: $112.0M, FY 2014 Change: +$5.8M)

Significant changes include:

• +$4.4 million to support the E-Enterprise initiative as described above.

Environmental Outreach

(FY 2014 PB: $5.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $0.0M, FY 2014 Change: +$5.0M)

• $5.0 million request is to integrate environmental outreach activities into existing environmental 

programs under a streamlined and coordinated approach across the Offices of Water, Air and 

Radiation, Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, and Solid Waste and Emergency Response.

Oil Spill: Prevention, Preparedness and Response

(FY 2014 PB: $17.1M, FY 2012 Enacted: $14.7M, FY 2014 Change: +$2.4M)

• +$1.3 million to improve the federal capacity to prevent oil spills by conducting up to 34 additional 

high-risk facility inspections, thereby providing additional protection of the oil storage network.

20
Tribal Capacity Building

(FY 2014 PB: $15.2M, FY 2012 Enacted: $13.7M, FY 2014 Change: +$1.5M)

• Requested resources support tribal capacity building efforts through development, support, and 

implementation of planning tools and data management systems to identify environmental issues. 

Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE)

(FY 2014 PB: $1.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $0.0M, FY 2014 Change: +$1.0M)

• This requested increase will support awarding up to 10 CARE assistance agreements to communities 

to improve local environmental and human health. 

Brownfields Projects

(FY 2014 PB: $85.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $94.8M, FY 2014 Change: -$9.8M)

• This change reduces competitive grant funding for assessment, Revolving Loan Fund (RLF), cleanup 

and Environmental Workforce Development and Job Training (EWDJT) program cooperative 

agreements. 

Environmental Education

(FY 2014 PB: $0.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $9.7M, FY 2014 Change: -$9.7M)

• No new activities or funding is planned for this program in FY 2014. The agency is eliminating its 

Environmental Education program in order to focus resources on further integrating environmental 

education activities into existing environmental programs. 

Research 

Research Program

(FY 2014 PB:$554.1M, FY 2012 Enacted:$567.5M, FY 2014 Change: -$13.4M) 

• Includes $8 million to expand work with DOE and the USGS under a memorandum of agreement on 

hydraulic fracturing research which will analyze the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on air, 

ecosystem and water quality. 

• Other increases for research include: 

• $4.1 million for research to develop processes and products that minimize the hazardous 

impacts of the manufacture, use, and disposal of chemicals, including nanomaterials

• $3.2 million for climate change research to understand the impacts of climate change on 

human health and vulnerable ecosystems 

• $1.8 million to integrate both natural and built water infrastructure and green infrastructure

• $1.3 million to expand our understanding of the potential impacts of biofuel production on

human health and ecosystems

• Research decreases include: 

• $16.4 million from STAR/GRO fellowships, consistent with the Administration’s proposal for 

comprehensive reorganization of STEM programs to increase the outcomes of Federal 

investments in graduate fellowships and undergraduate education 

• $2.3 million from drinking water research reduces competitively awarded center for research 

on small drinking water systems and drinking water and water quality research for technical 

support activities

• $2.0 million from the EPA Laboratory Infrastructure Study obligated in 2013

• $1.2 from endocrine disruptors research

• $1.1 from beaches research, reflecting completion of required studies

• $1.0 million from effects of cleaning materials in school settings on children’s health

• $1.0 million from community, children and minority population’s health research

• $1.0 million from drinking water and wastewater technologies demonstrations

21
Superfund

Superfund Program

(FY 2014 PB: $1,180.4M, FY 2012 Enacted: $1,213.8M, FY 2014 Change: -$33.4M) 

Significant changes include:

• -$25.9 million that downsizes and rebalances the overall Superfund Remedial program to give priority 

to completing projects at various stages in the response process as opposed to starting new project 

phases. The agency anticipates delays in the initiation of construction work at approximately another 

10-15 projects, so that 40-45 projects will be potentially unfunded by the end of FY 2014.; however, 

the EPA will continue to maintain the level of sites that reduce risk by achieving human exposures 

under control and groundwater migration under control.

• A reduction of $5.8 million results in the discontinuation of the automatic transfer of Superfund 

funding to support other Federal Agencies. Funding may be pursued for Superfund-related support 

services on an as-needed basis through inter-agency agreements. 

Homeland Security 

Homeland Security 

(FY 2014 PB: $101.7M, FY 2012 Enacted: $101.8M, FY 2014 Change: -$0.1M) 

• Among other areas, this change includes a reduction to the Water Security Initiative as well as an 

increase to support Regional Homeland Security Centers of Expertise for Water Teams. The EPA will 

continue to maintain its existing state of preparedness to respond to events. 

Facilities Infrastructure 

Facilities Infrastructure and Operations (B&F)

(FY 2014 PB: $46.3M, FY 2012 Enacted: $29.3M, FY 2014 Change: +$17.0M) 

• +$5.0 million will support construction associated with the EPA’s space consolidation effort which 

must take place to enable the agency to reduce its footprint resulting in significant long term rent 

savings.

• +$12.0 million supports the construction design and engineering for a Las Vegas facility. The project 

will consolidate EPA’s Las Vegas employees that currently work in many leased facilities under a 

single facility that will have a smaller footprint than the current leased locations and lower operating 

and rent costs. 

22
Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality

Strategic Goal: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop adaptation strategies 

to address climate change, and protect and improve air quality.

Resource Summary

(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2013

Annualized 

CR

FY 2014

President’s

Budget

Difference

FY 2012 EN

to FY 2014

PresBud

1 - Address Climate Change $199,950 $201,056 $212,914 $12,964

2 - Improve Air Quality $768,372 $761,909 $801,084 $32,712

3 - Restore the Ozone Layer $17,965 $17,990 $17,735 ($230)

4 - Reduce Unnecessary 

 Exposure to Radiation $38,497 $38,008 $40,586 $2,089

 Goal 1 Total $1,024,783 $1,018,962 $1,072,319 $47,536

Workyears 2,718 2,719 2,759 41

NOTE: Goal objectives include indirect costs. Goal totals may not add due to rounding. FY 2013 Annualized CR as 

of March 25, 2013 excludes Hurricane Sandy Relief supplemental appropriations.

Introduction

The EPA is dedicated to protecting and improving the quality of the nation’s air to 

protect public health and the environment. The agency continues to partner with states, 

local governments, and tribes to implement programs and standards. Air pollution 

concerns are diverse and significant, and include: climate change, outdoor and indoor 

air quality, stratospheric ozone depletion, and radiation protection.

Since passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) in 1990, nationwide air quality 

has improved significantly. Levels of those pollutants linked to the greatest health 

impacts continue to decline. From 2003 to 2011 population-weighted ambient 

concentrations of fine particulate matter and ozone have decreased 26 percent and 16, 

respectively. Despite this progress, in 2010, approximately 40 percent of the U.S. 

population lived in counties with air that did not meet health-based standards for at least 

one pollutant. Long-term exposure to elevated levels of certain air pollutants has been 

associated with increased risk of cancer, premature mortality, and damage to the 

immune, neurological, reproductive, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. Short13.1% of Budget

23
term exposure to elevated levels of certain air pollutants can exacerbate asthma and 

lead to other adverse health effects and economic costs. The impact of degradation of 

views in national and state parks is difficult to quantify but is likely to affect tourism and 

quality of life.

The issues of highest importance facing the air program over the next few years will 

continue to be greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation and climate change adaptation, and 

ozone and particulate air pollution and their precursors. The program also works to 

reduce interstate transport of these air pollutants, emissions from transportation 

sources, toxic air pollutants, and indoor air pollutants. The EPA uses a variety of 

approaches to reduce pollutants in indoor and outdoor air. Strategies include traditional 

regulatory tools; innovative market-based techniques; public- and private-sector 

partnerships; community-based approaches; voluntary programs that promote 

environmental stewardship; and programs that encourage cost-effective technologies 

and practices.

The EPA will continue to address the impacts of climate change through careful, costeffective rulemaking and voluntary programs that focus on the largest entities and 

encourage businesses and consumers to limit unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions. 

The EPA will continue to implement its Climate Change Adaptation Plan, released to the 

public in February 2013, to meet the agencywide priorities on climate adaptation. The 

climate is warming, as evidenced by observations published in the peer-reviewed 

scientific literature that show increasing temperatures, rising sea levels, and widespread 

melting of snow and ice. As the number of days with extremely hot temperatures 

increases, severe heat waves are projected to intensify and lead to heat-related 

mortality and sickness. The increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather 

events also has caused mortalities across the country. Additionally, with time, more 

Americans are likely to be affected by certain diseases that thrive in areas with higher 

temperatures and greater precipitation, including pest-borne diseases and food and 

water-borne pathogens. The costs of these impacts of climate change include increased 

hospital visits, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and even premature death – 

especially for certain vulnerable populations like the elderly, the poor, and children. 

The EPA continues to implement a suite of climate change programs that work with key 

industry sectors to reduce greenhouse gases and facilitate energy-efficiency 

improvements. As an example of the EPA’s voluntary partnerships, this past year the 

ENERGY STAR program rolled out new and more rigorous requirements for homes to 

earn the ENERGY STAR label. These new home specifications represent a multiyear 

development process that redefined nearly every aspect of the program, which had 

already labeled more than 1.3 million homes and achieved a 26 percent national market 

share in 2011. 

Among the most common and significant sources of air pollution are highway motor 

vehicles and their fuels. The EPA establishes national emissions standards to reduce 

air pollution from these sources. The agency also provides emissions and fuel economy 

information for new cars to educate consumers on the ways their actions affect the 

24
environment. The EPA’s motor vehicle GHG and renewable fuels standards have 

already begun changing the cars Americans drive and the fuels they use. The supply 

and diversity of biofuels in America grow every year, and new automobile technologies, 

including several new plug-in hybrids and all-electric vehicles, continue to “hit the road.” 

The EPA, in coordination with the National Highway Transportation Safety 

Administration (NHTSA), will continue to reduce GHGs from light-duty and heavy-duty 

mobile sources. This national program is particularly important given that the White 

House announced, in August 2012, a significant tightening of future fuel efficiency 

standards. In model year 2025, the EPA and NHTSA standards will require average fuel 

economy for cars and light trucks of approximately 54.5 miles to the gallon, a significant 

increase from current average vehicle fuel efficiency. The national program of fuel 

economy and greenhouse gas standards for model year 2011 through 2025 light-duty 

vehicles will save approximately 12 billion barrels of oil and prevent 6 billion metric tons 

of GHG emissions over the lifetimes of the vehicles sold through model year 2025. 

The EPA’s air toxic control programs are critical to continued progress in reducing 

public health risks and improving the quality of the environment. The EPA will continue 

to focus efforts on communities with greater levels of industrial and mobile source 

activity (e.g., near ports or distribution areas), which, according to the 2005 NationalScale Air Toxics Assessment, often have greater cumulative exposure to air toxics than 

non-industrial areas. In 2013 and 2014, approximately 81 stationary source air toxics 

rules are due for review under Section 112 of the CAA, of which 30 are on court-ordered 

deadlines and are in some stage of development. To develop effective standards, the 

EPA needs accurate information about actual emissions, their composition, specific 

emission points, and transport into communities.

Because people spend much of their lives indoors, the quality of indoor air is a major 

concern. For example, indoor allergens and irritants play a significant role in making 

asthma worse and triggering asthma attacks. Over 25 million Americans currently have 

asthma, which annually accounts for over 500,000 hospitalizations, more than 10 million 

missed school days, and over $50 billion in economic costs. In addition, indoor radon 

causes an estimated 21,000 lung cancer deaths annually in the U.S.

Major FY 2014 Changes and Efficiencies

To address resource constraints, and continue funding critical priorities within resource 

limits, the EPA carefully evaluated air program activities to assess where the pace of 

progress could be slowed, where other governmental entities could provide needed 

support, or where requested increases had not been appropriated. In FY 2014, 

resources are focused on the agency’s core statutory work to reduce public health risks 

through standards setting, market-driven and partnership innovations, and support for 

state and tribal partners. The requested FY 2014 resources will enable the agency to 

maintain progress toward longer-term goals in critical areas. 

• A request of $114.5 million for Climate Protection will allow the agency to 

continue to reduce GHGs through approaches including ENERGY STAR, the 

25
Global Methane Initiative, the GHG Reporting Rule, and state and local technical 

assistance and partnership programs, such as SmartWay. 

• The agency is increasing its resources to issue and oversee increased numbers 

of Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) and Title V permits with new 

requirements for GHG emissions control and permitting sources in Indian 

country. The agency expects that it will review an increasing number of permits 

issued by states, tribes, or local agencies and review changes to state, tribal, and 

local PSD and Title V programs due to the incorporation of GHG provisions. 

• The requested FY 2014 funding to improve air quality will enable the agency and 

state and tribal partners to oversee compliance with air toxics regulations and 

conduct core statutorily mandated work on the National Ambient Air Quality 

Standards (NAAQS) for criteria pollutants. 

• In FY 2014, the EPA requests $270 million in state and local air quality 

management grant and tribal air quality management grant funding, an increase 

of $21.5 million from the FY 2012 Enacted Budget for state and local air quality 

management grant and tribal air quality management grants. 

• The FY 2014 resources also will support review of criteria pollutant standards in 

accordance with the statutory schedule and monitoring of the nation’s air by EPA 

and its state and tribal partners. The requested funding will allow the EPA to 

continue to coordinate actions to meet multiple CAA objectives for controlling 

both criteria and toxic air pollutants while considering their cost effectiveness and 

technical feasibility, as well as providing greater certainty for regulated industry. 

• In FY 2014, the EPA will transform its Fuel and Fuel Additive Registration 

Reporting System to be fully integrated with the EPA’s E-Enterprise initiative. EEnterprise will create an easy-to-use, one-stop access point for all of the EPA’s 

programs that will provide the user with customized content, reusable e-forms 

and tailored notifications of relevant information. 

• In FY 2014, the Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) program funding 

request is $6 million, a $24 million reduction from the FY 2012 Enacted Budget. 

DERA provides emission reductions from existing diesel engines through 

retrofits, rebuilds and replacements of older, dirtier engines; switching to cleaner 

fuels; idling reduction strategies; and other clean diesel strategies. In FY 2014, a 

modified funding strategy using grants and rebates will be used to concentrate 

resources on communities in high exposure areas. Through the rebate 

mechanism, the agency will more precisely target the awards toward the dirtiest, 

most polluting engines and can provide funding directly to private fleets. 

• The agency is eliminating Radon Categorical Grants ($8 million in STAG) in FY 

2014 and cutting approximately $2 million from regional portion of the Radon 

program. Over the 23 years of its existence, the EPA’s radon program has 

26
provided guidance and significant funding to help states establish their own 

programs. Because exposure to radon gas continues to be a significant risk to 

human health, EPA will focus resources on implementing the Federal Radon 

Action Plan, a multi-year, multi-agency strategy for reducing risks from radon 

exposure, by leveraging existing federal housing programs and more efficiently 

implementing radon-related activities.

Priority Goals 

The EPA’s FY 2012-2013 Priority Goal to improve the nation’s ability to measure and 

control Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions is: 

• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks. Through September 30, 

2013, the EPA, in coordination with DOT's fuel economy standards program, will be 

implementing vehicle and truck greenhouse gas standards that are projected to 

reduce GHG emissions by 1.2 billion metric tons and reduce oil consumption by 

about 98 billion gallons over the lifetime of the affected vehicles and trucks.

The EPA is on track to complete implementation of this Priority Goal in FY 2013. 

Note: As part of the formulation of the FY 2015 budget, the EPA will develop new FY 

2014-2015 Priority Goals that advance the Administrator’s Priorities and the agency’s 

Strategic Plan. Additional information on the agency’s Priority Goals can be found at

www.performance.gov.

FY 2014 Activities

Address Climate Change

The EPA’s strategy to address climate change supports the President’s GHG reduction 

goals. Climate change poses risks to public health, the environment, cultural resources, 

the economy, and quality of life. Many impacts of climate change are already evident 

and will intensify in the future. Climate change impacts include increased temperatures 

and more stagnant air masses that make it increasingly challenging to achieve air 

quality standards for smog in many regions of the country. This adversely affects public 

health if areas cannot attain or maintain clean air and increased costs to local 

communities. 

The agency’s request for $176.5 million will allow it to work with partners and 

stakeholders to provide tools and information related to greenhouse gas emissions and 

impacts and will reduce emissions domestically and internationally through costeffective, voluntary programs while pursuing additional regulatory actions as needed. In 

FY 2014, the agency will focus on core program activities including:

• Implement the ENERGY STAR program across the residential, commercial and 

industrial sectors.

27
• Implement the important new vehicle fuel economy labeling requirements. For the 

first time, the new label provides consumers with GHG, as well as fuel economy, 

information. 

• Implement the harmonized DOT and EPA fuel economy and GHG emission 

standards for light-duty vehicles (model years 2012-2016) and heavy-duty vehicles 

(model years 2014-2018). The EPA will begin developing a second phase of heavyduty GHG regulations that may incorporate a wider range of advanced technologies, 

including hybrid vehicle drive trains. The EPA is considering several petitions asking 

the agency to develop GHG emission standards for a wide range of non-road 

equipment, locomotives, aircraft, and transportation fuels. 

• Support implementation and compliance with GHG emission standards for light-duty 

and heavy-duty vehicles and National Highway and Transportation Safety 

Administration (NHTSA’s) CAFE standards. Under the CAA and the Energy Policy 

Act, the EPA is responsible for issuing certificates and ensuring compliance with 

both the GHG and CAFE standards. 

• Address the pending proposal to set a standard for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions 

from new power plants and evaluate petitions seeking the establishment of GHG 

emissions standards for a variety of industrial sectors and mobile source categories.

• Support reporting and verification in the GHG Reporting Program of emissions 

across 41 industry sectors and emission sources and approximately 10,000 

reporters. Work in FY 2014 includes continued support for users on how to comply 

with the rule and how to report emissions using the electronic reporting tool. 

Continuing activities also will include expanding the database management systems 

to ensure alignment with regulatory amendments, verifying reported data and 

sharing data with the public, other federal agencies, state and local governments 

and reporting entities.

• Lead the Global Methane Initiative (GMI) and enhance public-private sector 

cooperation to reduce global methane emissions and deliver clean energy to 

markets.

• Promote cost-effective corporate GHG management practices and provide 

recognition for superior efforts through a joint award program with non-government 

organizations.

Improve Air Quality

Clean Air

Particulate Matter (PM) is linked to tens of thousands of premature deaths per year and 

repeated exposure to ozone can cause acute respiratory problems and lead to 

permanent lung damage. Short term exposure to elevated levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) 

can result in adverse respiratory effects, including narrowing of the airways which can 

cause difficulty breathing and increased asthma symptoms, particularly in at risk 

populations including children, older adults, and people with asthma. 

Implementation of the PM National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), including 

the 2012 PM NAAQS revisions, is among the agency’s highest priorities for FY 2014. 

28
The EPA will provide technical and policy assistance to states developing or revising 

attainment State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and will designate areas as attainment or 

nonattainment. The EPA will also continue to partner with states, tribes, and local 

governments to create a comprehensive compliance program to ensure that multisource and multi-pollutant reduction targets and air quality improvement objectives, 

including consideration of environmental justice issues, are met and sustained. The 

budget includes $257.2 million in state and local air quality management grants to 

support core state workload for implementing NAAQS, reducing exposure to air toxics to 

ensure improved air quality in communities, and for additional air monitors required by 

revised NAAQS. In FY 2014, the EPA also will continue its work with states, tribes, and 

communities to implement the existing ozone standard. The EPA will provide technical 

and policy assistance to states developing or revising SIPs or regional haze 

implementation plans and will continue to review and act on SIP submissions in 

accordance with the CAAA. These objectives are supported by ongoing technical 

assistance to state, tribal and local agencies. This support includes source 

characterization analyses, emission inventories, quality assurance protocols, improved 

testing and monitoring techniques, and air quality modeling. EPA also will work with the 

states to address the interstate transport of pollution.

The EPA will continue to implement the new Renewable Fuel Standards (RFS2) 

program and carry out other actions required by the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005 

and the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007. The EPA is responsible 

for establishing test procedures to estimate the fuel economy of new vehicles and for 

verifying car manufacturers’ data on fuel economy. In FY 2014, the EPA will utilize its 

upgraded vehicle, engine, and fuel testing capabilities at the National Vehicle and Fuel 

Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) to increase testing and certification capacity to ensure 

that new vehicles, engines, and fuels are in compliance with new vehicle and fuel 

standards. In 2012, the EPA provided certifications for over 4,100 different types of 

engines – a workload that has quadrupled over the past decade. The EPA’s workload 

will continue to grow, as the agency begins to implement new and more stringent GHG 

emission standards promulgated in 2012 and 2013 for additional classes of vehicles 

and engines. Also, FY 2014 resources will support increased oversight of credit trading 

under RFS2 and engine regulations and to manage critical data reporting systems. 

Air Toxics

The agency will continue to work with state, tribal, and local air pollution control 

agencies and community groups to assess and address air toxics emissions in areas of 

greatest concern. Additionally, the program will focus on disproportionately impacted 

communities where the most vulnerable members of our population live, work, and go to 

school.

One of the top priorities for the air toxics program is to eliminate unacceptable health 

risks and exposures to air toxics from multiple sources in affected communities and to 

fulfill its CAAA and court-ordered obligations. The CAAA requires that all technologybased standards be reviewed and updated as necessary every eight years. In FY 2014, 

29
the EPA will continue to conduct risk assessments to determine whether the 

technology-based rules appropriately protect public health.

The EPA will continue development of its multi-pollutant efforts by constructing and 

organizing analyses around industrial sectors. By addressing individual sectors’ 

emissions comprehensively and prioritizing regulatory efforts on the pollutants of 

greatest concern, the EPA will continue to identify ways to take advantage of the cobenefits of pollution control. In developing sector and multi-pollutant approaches, the 

agency seeks innovative solutions that address pollutants in the various sectors and 

minimize costs to the EPA, states, tribes, local governments and the regulated 

community. 

 

The EPA will continue to improve the dissemination of information to state, local and 

tribal governments, and the public, using analytical tools such as the National Air Toxic 

Assessment (NATA), enhancing quantitative assessment tools such as BenMAP, 

improving emission inventory estimates for toxic air pollutants, and managing 

information for regulated entities electronically in a single location by modernizing the 

Air Facility System (AFS) database. The EPA anticipates that these improvements will 

increase the agency’s ability to meet aggressive court-ordered schedules to complete 

rulemaking activities, especially in the Risk Technology Review program.

Indoor Air

The EPA will continue to promote comprehensive asthma care that integrates 

management of environmental asthma triggers and health care services by building 

community capacity for delivering comprehensive asthma care programs through the 

Communities in Action for Asthma-Friendly Environments Campaign. By implementing 

the Federal Asthma Disparities Action Plan, the EPA will place a particular emphasis on 

improving asthma health outcomes for vulnerable populations, including children, and 

low-income and minority populations as well as improving indoor air quality (IAQ) in 

homes and schools. Over the past four years, at least 16,000 health care professionals, 

including school nurses and primary care physicians, have been trained by the EPA and 

its partners on environmental management of asthma triggers. Additionally, 

approximately one third of our nation’s schools now have effective indoor air quality 

management programs in place, helping to ensure asthma-friendly school 

environments.

The EPA will deliver clear and verifiable protocols and specifications to ensure good 

indoor air quality in homes and schools through the Indoor airPlus program and 

protocols that protect IAQ during energy upgrades. The EPA will collaborate with public 

and private organizations to integrate these protocols and specifications into existing 

energy-efficiency, green-building and health-related programs and initiatives. FY 2014 

activities include equipping the affordable housing sector with training and guidance to 

promote adoption of these best practices with the aim of creating healthier, more 

energy-efficient homes for low income families. 

30
EPA will drive action to reduce radon-induced lung cancer health by implementing the 

Federal Radon Action Plan, published in June 2011. In 2012, the EPA invested and 

established committees to establish standards for school measurement and mitigation, 

multifamily mitigation, and quality assurance. These actions will promote testing for 

indoor radon, fixing homes and schools when radon levels are high, and building new 

homes and schools with radon-resistant features. It is estimated that 1.1 million existing 

homes found with high radon levels now have active radon mitigation systems in them 

and 1.9 million new homes have been built with radon-resistant features. 

Restore the Ozone Layer

The stratospheric ozone program implements the provisions of the CAAA and the 

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol). 

Under the CAAA and the Montreal Protocol, the EPA is authorized to control and reduce 

ozone depleting substances (ODS) in the U.S., and to contribute to the Montreal 

Protocol Multilateral Fund. As of January 1, 2010, ODS production and imports were 

capped at 3,810 ODP-weighted metric tons, which is 25 percent of the U.S. baseline 

under the Montreal Protocol. In 2015, U.S. production and import will be reduced 

further, to 10 percent of the U.S. baseline, and in 2020, all production and import will be 

phased out except for exempted amounts. As ODS and many of their substitutes are 

potent GHGs, appropriate control and reduction of these substances also provides 

significant benefits for climate protection. As a signatory to the Montreal Protocol, the 

U.S. is committed to ensuring that our domestic program is at least as stringent as 

international obligations and to regulating and enforcing its terms domestically. In FY 

2014, the EPA will focus its work to ensure that ODS production and import caps under 

the Montreal Protocol and CAAA continue to be met. Funding for the SunWise 

program, which provided awareness of health risks from UV radiation and sun safety 

behaviors, has been eliminated. 

Reduce Unnecessary Exposure to Radiation

In FY 2014, the EPA Radiation program, in cooperation with federal agencies, states, 

tribes, and international radiation protection organizations, will develop and use 

voluntary and regulatory programs, public information, and training to protect the public 

from unnecessary exposures to radiation. Responding to improved science and industry 

advances, the agency is updating its radiation protection standards for the uranium fuel 

cycle, developed over 30 years ago, and its health and environmental protection 

standards for uranium and thorium mill tailings. In addition, the agency will begin work in 

FY 2014 to ensure that the nation has generic, non-site-specific standards that protect 

public health and the environment from risks associated with geologic disposal of highlevel radioactive waste.

In FY 2014, the EPA’s Radiological Emergency Response Team (RERT) will maintain 

and improve the level of readiness to support federal radiological emergency response 

and recovery operations under the National Response Framework (NRF) and the 

National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). The 

31
National RadNet ambient radiation air monitoring system, which includes the country’s 

100 most populous cities, will provide data to assist in protective action determinations.

Research

Environmental challenges in the 21st century are complex. These challenges are 

complicated by the interplay between air quality, climate change, and emerging energy 

options, and they require different thinking and solutions than those used in the past. 

Reducing risk can no longer be the only approach to environmental protection. Industry 

and government are turning to innovative solutions that enhance economic growth and 

social well-being, as well as protect public health and the environment. These solutions 

require research that transcends disciplinary lines and includes all stakeholders in the 

process -- the EPA’s regional and program offices, states and communities -- who rely 

on the EPA’s research. Ultimately, the EPA is seeking technological innovations that 

support environmentally responsible solutions and foster new economic development. 

In FY 2014, the EPA will strengthen its planning and delivery of science by continuing 

the more integrated research approach begun in FY 2012. Integrated research looks at 

problems more systematically and holistically. This approach will yield benefits beyond 

those possible from more narrowly targeted approaches that focus on single chemicals 

or problem areas.

The Air, Climate and Energy (ACE) program, funded at $105.7 million for FY 2014, an 

increase of $7.7 million from FY 2012, conducts high priority research on environmental 

and human health impacts related to air pollution, climate change, and biofuels. 

Exposure to an evolving array of air pollutants is a considerable challenge to human 

health and the environment. By integrating air, climate and energy research, the EPA 

can better understand, define and address the complexity of these interactions. The 

agency will provide models and tools necessary for communities and for decision 

makers at all levels of government to make the best decisions. 

For example, the ACE research program will improve the widely-used Community 

Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. State and local agencies and the EPA 

rely on this tool to implement the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). 

Specifically, nations, states, and communities use CMAQ to model how air pollution 

levels change when different emission reduction alternatives are used. With this tool, 

decision-makers can test a range of strategies and determine what approach best fits 

their situation. Improvements to CMAQ will increase users’ capability to accurately 

model changes in ozone, particulate matter, and hazardous air pollutant concentrations. 

The CMAQ model has over 1,500 users in the U.S. and 1,000 more in over 50 

countries.

The ACE research program will continue to address critical science questions under 

three major research themes.

32
Theme 1: Assess Air Quality and Climate Impacts – Assess human and ecosystem 

exposures and effects associated with air pollutants and climate change. Evaluate the 

effects of air pollution and climate change on individuals, ecosystems, communities, and 

regions (including the effects on those most susceptible or vulnerable).

Theme 2: Prevent and Reduce Emissions – Provide the science needed to develop and 

evaluate approaches to preventing and reducing harmful air emissions. The EPA 

decision makers and other stakeholders need such data and methods to analyze the full 

life-cycle impacts of new and existing energy technologies. With ACE’s data, decision 

makers can determine which energy choices are most environmentally and 

economically appropriate. 

Theme 3: Respond to Changes in Climate and Air Quality – Provide modeling and 

monitoring tools, metrics, and information on air pollution exposure. Individuals, 

communities, and governmental agencies will use these tools and information to make 

public health decisions related to air quality and climate change. 

Figure 1: Integration of Air, Climate, and Energy1

Figure 1, “Integration of Air, Climate, and Energy,” illustrates the relationships among air, climate, and 

energy. The figure identifies the major earth and human systems impacted by air pollution and climate 

change. It portrays the responses and social factors influencing the relationships among each.

In FY 2014, research will study the generation, fate, transport, and chemical 

transformation of air emissions to identify individual and population health risks. The 

ACE research program considers the environmental impacts of energy production and 

use across the full life cycle. For example, increased use of wood in residences can 

reduce greenhouse gas emissions but cause local air pollution problems. The program 

1 Adapted from IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III 

to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

33
will incorporate air, climate, and energy research to ensure the development of 

sustainable solutions and attainment of statutory goals in a complex multi-pollutant 

environment. The ACE program will conduct research to better understand and assess 

the effects of global change on air quality, water quality, aquatic ecosystems, land use, 

human health, and social well-being. 

In addition, the program will conduct systems-based sustainability analyses that include 

environmental, social and economic dimensions. In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to 

study the impacts of energy production from unconventional oil and gas operations on 

air, water quality, and ecosystems. This research will complement the EPA’s current 

study on potential impacts of unconventional oil and gas operations on drinking water. 

The ACE and Safe and Sustainable Water Resources (SSWR) programs are 

collaborating with the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Department of the Interior 

(DOI) to evaluate the impacts of unconventional oil and gas operations, including those 

related to air quality. 

34
Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters

Strategic Goal: Protect and restore our waters to ensure that drinking water is safe, 

and that aquatic ecosystems sustain fish, plants and wildlife, and economic, 

recreational, and subsistence activities.

Resource Summary

(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2013 

Annualized 

CR

FY 2014

President’s

Budget

Difference

FY 2012 EN

to FY 2014

PresBud

1 - Protect Human Health $1,296,121 $1,302,170 $1,184,982 ($111,139)

2 - Protect and Restore Watersheds 

 and Aquatic Ecosystems $2,799,161 $2,805,718 $2,479,570 ($319,591)

 Goal 2 Total $4,095,283 $4,107,887 $3,664,552 ($430,730)

Workyears 3,419 3,471 3,434 15

NOTE: Goal objectives include indirect costs. Goal totals may not add due to rounding. FY 2013 Annualized CR as 

of March 25, 2013 excludes Hurricane Sandy Relief supplemental appropriations.

Introduction

While much progress to improve water quality has been made over the last two

decades, America’s waters remain imperiled. Increased demands, land use practices, 

population growth, aging infrastructure, and climate variability continue to pose 

challenges to our nation's water resources. The National Coastal Condition Report IV 

shows that although improvement has taken place since 1990, the overall condition of 

the nation’s coastal resources continues to be rated fair1

. In addition, the latest national 

assessments2 confirm that America’s waters are stressed by nutrient pollution, excess 

sedimentation, and degradation of shoreline vegetation, which affect more than 50 

percent of our lakes and streams. The rate at which new waters are listed for water 

quality impairments exceeds the pace at which restored waters are removed from the 

list. For many years, nonpoint source pollution —principally nitrogen, phosphorus, and 

1 U.S. EPA. 2012. National Coastal Condition Report IV. EPA-842-R-10-003. Available at 

http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/assessmonitor/nccr/upload/NCCR4-Report.pdf. 2 U.S. EPA, 2006. Wadeable Streams Assessment: A Collaborative Survey of the Nation’s Streams. EPA 841-B-06-

002. Available at http://www.epa.gov/owow/streamsurvey. See also EPA, 2010. National Lakes Assessment: A 

Collaborative Survey of the Nation’s Lakes. EPA 841-R-09-001. Available at 

http://www.epa.gov/lakessurvey/pdf/nla_chapter0.pdf.

45.0% of Budget

35
sediments — has been recognized as the largest remaining impediment to improving 

water quality, and it is difficult to address the varied and widespread sources of this 

pollution. Pollution discharged from industrial, municipal, agricultural, and stormwater 

point sources continue to cause a decline in the quality of our waters. Other significant 

contributors to degraded water quality include: loss of habitat; habitat fragmentation; 

and changes in the way water is infiltrated into soils, runs off the land, and flows down 

streams (hydrologic alteration).

From nutrient loadings and stormwater runoff, to invasive species, energy extraction, 

and drinking water contaminants, water quality programs face complex challenges that 

can be addressed effectively only through a combination of traditional and innovative 

strategies. The EPA will continue to work hand-in-hand with states and tribes to develop 

and implement nutrient limits and intensify our work to restore and protect the quality of 

the nation’s streams, rivers, lakes, bays, oceans, and aquifers. We will continue the 

increased focus on communities, particularly those disadvantaged communities facing 

disproportionate impacts, or that have been historically underserved. We also will use 

our authority to protect and restore threatened natural treasures such as the Great 

Lakes, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Gulf of Mexico; address our neglected urban 

rivers; ensure safe drinking water; and reduce pollution from nonpoint and industrial 

dischargers. The EPA will continue to address post-construction runoff, water-quality 

impairments from surface mining, and drinking water contamination. 

As part of the agency’s long-term strategy, the EPA is implementing a Sustainable 

Water Infrastructure Policy that focuses on working with states and communities to 

promote more effective management and enhance technical, managerial and financial 

capacity within the drinking water and wastewater sectors. Important to the enhanced 

technical capacity will be alternatives analyses to expand "green infrastructure" options 

and their multiple benefits. Federal dollars provided through the State Revolving Funds 

will act as a catalyst for efficient system-wide planning and ongoing management of 

sustainable water infrastructure. 

The EPA continues to work with its partners across the Federal government to leverage 

resources and avoid duplication of efforts. The EPA and USDA continue to enhance 

existing coordination efforts in reducing nonpoint source pollution. The EPA, DOI, and 

DOE are working together to research the impacts of hydraulic fracturing activities to 

support the state and Federal agencies that oversee this growing energy extraction

method.

Major FY 2014 Changes

To address resource constraints, the EPA carefully evaluated water program activities 

to assess where the pace of progress could be slowed, where other governmental 

entities could provide needed support, and where requested increases had not been 

appropriated in order to continue funding critical agency priorities. The EPA will direct 

limited resources to best protect: 1) public health, especially in disadvantaged 

communities; 2) support the core work of state and tribal partners; and 3) focus on the 

36
largest pollution problems. Part of this effort is the continued review of operations for 

savings which has resulted in administrative savings and efficiencies. The requested FY

2014 resources are pivotal to enabling the agency to maintain progress toward longerterm goals in critical areas.

In FY 2014, the agency is requesting $1.912 billion, a reduction of $472 million, for the 

Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds (SRFs). The budget will allow 

the SRFs to finance approximately $6 billion in wastewater and drinking water 

infrastructure projects annually.

The Administration has strongly supported the SRFs, having received and/or requested 

funding totaling over $20 billion since 2009. Since their inception, the SRFs have been 

funded at over $55 billion. Going forward, the EPA will work to target assistance to small 

and underserved communities with a limited ability to repay loans, while maintaining 

state program integrity. The Administration strongly supports efforts to expand the use 

of green infrastructure to meet Clean Water Act goals. To further these efforts, the 

Budget will target funding for green infrastructure approaches to manage stormwater, 

which helps communities improve water quality while creating green space, mitigating 

flooding, and enhancing air quality.

• The FY 2014 budget request maintains funding for most categorical grants at FY 

2012 levels. The total increase to these Goal 2 categorical grants is 

approximately $14.8 million3

. The EPA is requesting an additional $4.4 million in 

categorical grants for Public Water System Supervision to augment assistance to 

states and replace the state-operated Safe Drinking Water Information System 

(SDWIS/State) with a web-based system, SDWIS Next Generation (Next-Gen) 

as a part of the agency’s larger E-Enterprise initiative. 

• The agency is requesting a $20.3 million increase (8.5 percent increase from FY 

2012 enacted amount) to the CWA Section 106 Water Pollution Control grants. 

The increase will support state e-enterprise activities, which will enhance the 

management of electronic data and improve automation in screening and 

analysis of water quality data. Further, the EPA will provide $15.0 million of 

Section 106 funds to support states, interstate agencies and tribes that commit to 

strengthening their nutrient management efforts consistent with EPA Office of 

Water guidance issued in March 2011.

• The Chesapeake Bay Program’s FY 2014 budget request of about $73 million, 

an increase of approximately $15.7 million over FY 2012 enacted levels, will 

allow the EPA-led interagency Federal Leadership Committee to continue 

implementing the President’s Executive Order on Chesapeake Bay Protection 

and Restoration and meet its broad responsibilities under Clean Water Act 

Section 117. 

3 $14.8 M = PWSS categorical grant dollar increase, $4.4 million, plus Pollution Control (Section106) categorical 

grant dollar increase, $20.3million, minus Beaches categorical grant dollar decrease, $9.9million.

37
• The FY 2014 budget includes an increase of $9.4 million for Surface Water 

Protection Programs, reflecting, for the most part, increased workforce costs to 

support clean water activities that protect and restore the nation’s waters. In 

addition, the budget includes a total of $3.4 million increase to the Drinking Water 

program to integrate the antiquated SDWIS/Fed with the states’ SDWIS NextGen.

• In this difficult financial climate, the agency will eliminate the Beaches Grant

Program in FY 2014, as initially proposed in FY 2013. While beach monitoring 

continues to be important, well-understood guidelines are in place, and state and 

local government programs have the technical expertise and procedures to 

continue beach monitoring without federal support.

Priority Goals

The EPA’s two FY 2012-2013 Priority Goals to improve water quality are: 

• Improve, restore, or maintain water quality by enhancing nonpoint source program 

accountability, incentives, and effectiveness. By September 30, 2013, 50 percent of 

the states will revise their nonpoint source program according to new Section 319 

grant guidelines that the EPA released recently. 

• Improve public health protection for persons served by small drinking water systems 

by strengthening the technical, managerial, and financial capacity of those systems. 

By September 30, 2013, the EPA will engage with twenty states to improve small 

drinking water system capability through two EPA programs, the Optimization 

Program and/or the Capacity Development Program. 

Please note, as part of the formulation of the FY 2015 budget, the EPA will be 

developing new FY 2014-2015 Priority Goals that advance the agency’s priorities and 

the agency’s Strategic Plan. Additional information on the Agency Priority Goals can be 

found at www.performance.gov. 

FY 2014 Activities

The EPA will continue to emphasize watershed stewardship, watershed-based 

approaches, water efficiencies, and best practices. The EPA will focus specifically on 

green infrastructure, nutrients, and trading among point sources and nonpoint sources 

for water quality improvements and urban waters. In FY 2014, the agency will continue 

to advance the water quality monitoring initiative under the Clean Water Act and 

develop important rules and implementation activities under the Safe Drinking Water 

Act. Related efforts to improve monitoring and surveillance will help advance water 

security nationwide.

38
Drinking Water

To help achieve the agency’s priority to protect America’s waters, in FY 2014 the EPA 

will continue to implement its Drinking Water Strategy, an approach to expanding public 

health protection for drinking water. The strategy will streamline decision-making, 

expand protection under existing laws, and promote cost-effective new technologies to 

meet the needs of rural, urban and other water-stressed communities. The agency will 

focus on regulating groups of drinking water contaminants, improving water treatment 

technology and expanding communication with states, tribes and communities. 

In FY 2014, as discussed above, the agency is proposing a $4.4 million increase in 

categorical grants for Public Water System Supervision. These funds will be used to 

replace the state-operated Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/State), 

enabling primacy agencies to use a single system; reduce costs of maintaining 

individual data systems; manage their PWSS programs more efficiently; share data with 

EPA; and more effectively target resources to assist public water systems to comply 

with regulations. In addition, the request includes a total of $3.4M to replace the EPA 

operated SDWIS/Fed. These funds would be used to design and build SDWIS NextGen, enabling electronic data exchange among laboratories, states, and EPA; more 

efficient reporting and display of drinking water quality; and a reduction in the cost of the 

system over time. The shared web services will provide the user with customized 

content and functions, including reusable e-forms and notifications. 

In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to provide PWSS grants to support state and tribal efforts 

to meet existing drinking water regulations and prepare for implementation of new 

regulations, including the Revised Total Coliform Rule. States and tribes will work to 

ensure that systems can acquire and maintain basic implementation capabilities and 

can conduct sanitary surveys according to required schedules. These resources also 

will be used by states and tribes as they provide technical assistance and training to 

help meet the continued needs of the small water systems. The grants have been 

successful in helping public water systems achieve compliance with standards, as well 

as decreasing the number of small systems that have repeat health-based violations of 

standards. As of the end of FY 2012, 91 percent of community water systems (CWSs) 

are meeting all applicable health-based standards, surpassing the performance target of 

90 percent. The program also ensured safe drinking water in FY 2012, as 95 percent of 

the population served by CWSs received drinking water that met all applicable healthbased drinking water standards, well above the performance target of 91 percent. 

To help ensure water is safe to drink and address the nation’s aging drinking water 

infrastructure, $817 million for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund will support new 

infrastructure improvement projects for public drinking water systems in FY 2014 and 

beyond. Getting these funds to where they are most needed in a timely manner is 

important. Beginning in FY 2014, appropriated DWSRF funds will be allocated to the 

states based on the new 2011 Needs Survey scheduled to be reported to Congress in 

2013. The DWSRF tribal set-aside also will be allocated based on a new formula 

accounting for drinking water access needs. These funds have been utilized effectively 

39
by the states. Since FY 2006, the fund utilization rate4 for the DWSRF has surpassed its 

target, and most recently in FY 2012, the DWSRF utilization rate of 90 percent 

exceeded the EPA’s target of 89 percent. In concert with the states, the EPA will focus 

this affordable, flexible financial assistance to support utility compliance with safe 

drinking water standards. The EPA also will work with utilities to promote technical, 

financial, and managerial capacity as a critical means to meeting infrastructure needs 

and enhancing program performance and efficiency. For small drinking water systems, 

this is an Agency Priority Goal. On schedule with the goal’s quarterly milestones, EPA 

has conducted many webinars for the states, water utilities and even the Department of 

Veteran Affairs (VA), to help the VA recruit veterans into the water sector.

Clean Water

In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to collaborate with states and tribes to make progress 

toward the EPA’s clean water goals. Programs for controlling nonpoint sources of 

pollution are key to reducing the number of impaired waters nationwide. The programs 

provide a multi-faceted approach to the problem, combining innovative development 

strategies to help leverage traditional tools. The EPA will support efforts of states, tribes, 

other federal agencies, and local communities to develop watershed-based plans to 

achieve water quality standards. Maximizing the partnership with USDA will allow more 

targeted, results-focused nonpoint source control efforts. Working with states to more 

fully utilize the revolving fund capitalization grants will help build, revive, and “green” our 

aging infrastructure. In FY 2014, a funding level of $558.9 million in categorical grants 

for clean water programs will enable the EPA, states, and tribes to implement core 

clean water programs and promising innovations on a watershed basis to accelerate 

water quality improvements. 

In FY 2014, the EPA and USDA will continue their ongoing partnership to ensure that 

federal resources – including both the EPA’s Section 319 grant funds and the USDA 

Farm Bill funds – are managed in a coordinated manner, where feasible, to protect 

water quality from agricultural pollution sources. In FY 2012, 154 watersheds were 

selected for targeted conservation investments. In FY 2013, additional selections will be 

considered by NRCS, which may result in the addition of a limited number of 

watersheds. In FY 2014, the EPA will work with states to provide monitoring support in 

these watersheds to demonstrate water quality progress from implemented 

conservation practices. Tackling nonpoint source pollution is an Agency Priority Goal 

with quarterly milestones. 

Building on 30 years of clean water successes, the EPA, in conjunction with states and 

tribes, will address the requirements of the Clean Water Act by focusing on two primary 

tools: Total Maximum Daily Loads5 (TMDLs) and National Pollutant Discharge 

4 Utilization rate is the cumulative dollar amount of loan agreements divided by cumulative funds available for 

projects. Cumulative funds available include the federal capitalization grant portion and everything that is in the 

SRF (state match, interest payments, etc.). 5 For more information, visit: http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/lawsguidance/cwa/tmdl/index.cfm. 

40
Elimination System (NPDES) permits, built upon scientifically sound water quality 

standards and technology-based pollutant discharge limits. The EPA policy is for 

TMDLs to be established for all pollutants on an impaired water body segment within 8-

13 years from the time the impairment is identified. TMDLs focus on clearly defined 

environmental goals and pollutant budgets, implemented through local, state, and 

federal watershed plans/programs. In FY 2012, about 2,900 TMDLs were established or 

approved by EPA on schedule, meeting the agency’s annual target. More recently, 

states have started to address more difficult TMDLs, such as broad-scale mercury and 

nutrient TMDLs, which require involvement at the state and federal level across multiple 

programs. Since FY 2007, the number of water body segments meeting their standards 

has increased more than 150%, from 1,409 to 3,527. With 3,527 water body segments 

now fully attaining their water quality standards, the EPA has met its 2015 Strategic 

Target early. 

The EPA will continue to work with states to structure the permit program to better 

support comprehensive protection of water quality on a watershed basis. Progress has 

been steady in improving water quality conditions in impaired watersheds nationwide. In 

2008 there were only 60 watersheds that experienced improved water quality 

conditions. By FY 2012, this number had risen to 332, exceeding the target of 312. It 

remains a significant challenge, with approximately 41,000 impaired water bodies 

nationwide. In FY 2014, the EPA will focus on key focus areas, including: promoting the 

use of green infrastructure in stormwater permits; controlling discharges from 

concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs); and addressing issues of permitting 

for new waste streams, such as shale gas extraction; and steam electric power plants. 

To combat stormwater as a main contributor of nutrients and sediments, the agency 

issued a final 2012 NPDES general permit for stormwater discharges from large and 

small construction activities. The general permit will strengthen requirements for 

stormwater discharges from, at minimum, eligible existing and new construction projects 

in all areas of the country where EPA is the NPDES permitting authority.

The EPA will continue to provide annual capitalization to the Clean Water State 

Revolving Fund (CWSRF). As of June 2012, the CWSRF has offered over 32 thousand 

assistance agreements to local communities, providing over $95.4 billion in affordable 

financing for wastewater infrastructure, nonpoint source pollution control, and estuary 

management projects. The CWSRF’s Green Project Reserve invests in green 

infrastructure to promote environmentally innovative activities; in FY 2014 EPA 

proposes setting aside 20 percent of capitalization grants for green infrastructure 

projects. Recognizing what has already been achieved and the long-term benefits to 

come, the EPA is continuing our CWSRF commitment by requesting $1.095 billion in FY 

2014. The fund utilization rate for the CWSRF in FY 2012 was 98 percent, surpassing 

the target of 94.5 percent.

In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to strengthen the nationwide monitoring network and 

complete statistically valid surveys of the nation’s waters. The results of these efforts 

are scientifically defensible water quality data and information essential for cleaning up 

and protecting the nation’s waters. With its partners, the EPA will develop or publish the 

41
National Rivers and Streams Assessment6 (monitoring in 2014; due in 2016), the 

National Wetland Condition Assessment7 (due in 2014), and the National Lakes 

Assessment (due FY 2015). The National Wetland Condition Assessment8 is the first 

ever statistically valid comprehensive survey of nation wetland condition. In FY 2014, 

the EPA/State Steering Committee for the National Coastal Assessment9 will be 

planning the next survey, targeted for monitoring to commence in 2015. The EPA will 

continue to promote the application of new reporting, monitoring and assessment tools 

to support the integration of federal, regional, state and local monitoring efforts for water 

quality management. The EPA Water Quality Exchange10 launched in 2007 allows 

states, tribes and other organizations to share their monitoring data over the Internet. 

The EPA, in cooperation with federal, state and tribal governments and other 

stakeholders will continue to make progress toward achieving the national goal of no net 

loss of wetlands under the Clean Water Act Section 404 regulatory program. In addition, 

the agency is requesting $15.1 million for Wetlands Program Development Grants.

Since 2002, almost one and a half million acres of habitat have been protected or 

restored within National Estuary Program study areas. The agency’s FY 2014 budget 

requests of $27.2 million for National Estuaries Programs and Coastal Waterways that 

will enable the protection or restoration of more than one hundred thousand habitat 

acres. 

The agency will continue in FY 2014 to assist communities - particularly underserved 

communities - in their local efforts to restore and protect the quality of their urban 

waters. By integrating water quality improvement activities with local priorities, the EPA 

will help to sustain local commitment for water quality improvement in urban 

watersheds. In support of the President’s America’s Great Outdoors (AGO) initiative, the 

EPA will provide grants and technical assistance and will partner with federal, state, 

local, and non-governmental organizations to support community stewardship of local 

urban water restoration efforts, helping communities revitalize their waterfronts and 

accelerate measurable water quality improvements. 

 

Under the Urban Waters Federal Partnership, the EPA will coordinate with member 

agencies to deliver technical assistance to communities. Two new federal agencies 

have joined the partnership, and there are now a total of thirteen members. In many 

cities, stormwater has become a growing challenge to protecting and improving water 

quality. However, green infrastructure, such as green roofs, rain gardens, wetlands, and 

forest buffers, can be a cost-effective way to manage stormwater and meet Clean Water 

Act goals. In 2014, the Urban Waters Federal Partnership will partner with at least two 

communities to incorporate green infrastructure into their stormwater management 

plans, eventually providing models for others also facing the same challenges. The EPA 

6 For more information, visit: http://water.epa.gov/type/rsl/monitoring/riverssurvey/index.cfm 7 For more information, visit: http://water.epa.gov/type/wetlands/assessment/survey/index.cfm. 8 For more information, visit: http://water.epa.gov/type/lakes/lakessurvey_index.cfm. 9 For more information, visit: http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/assessmonitor/nccr/index.cfm. 10 For more information, visit: http://www.epa.gov/storet/wqx/. 

42
is requesting $4.4 million to support federal partnership activities, technical assistance 

and the Urban Waters grant program that will fund innovative local approaches for water 

quality improvements in urban watersheds. 

Climate Change

Climate change also contributes to changes in water quality and poses significant 

challenges to water resource managers. Impacts of climate change include too little 

water in some places and too much water in others, while some locations are subject to 

all of these conditions during different times of the year. Water cycle changes are 

expected to continue and will adversely affect energy production and use, human 

health, transportation, agriculture, and ecosystems. In 2012, the National Water 

Program published the second National Water Program 2012 Strategy: Response to 

Climate Change, which describes a set of long-term goals for the management of 

sustainable water resources for future generations in light of climate change and charts 

the key “building blocks” that would need to be taken to achieve those goals. It also 

reflects the wider context of climate change-related activity that is underway throughout 

the nation. The 2012 Strategy is intended to be a roadmap to guide future programmatic 

planning and inform decision-makers during the agency’s annual planning process.

WaterSense, Climate Ready Estuaries, Climate Ready Water Utilities, and Green 

Infrastructure are examples of programs that will help stakeholders adapt to climate 

change in FY 2014. The Climate Ready Water Utilities initiative will help water systems 

of all sizes integrate climate variability considerations into their long-range planning. 

Efforts to incorporate climate change considerations into key programs will help protect 

water quality and the nation’s investment in drinking water and wastewater treatment 

infrastructure.

EPA’s Safe and Sustainable Water Resources (SSWR) research program is developing 

resource-management tools to allow decision makers and environmental managers to 

assess the sustainability of watersheds and the services they provide under current and 

future land use and management practices, and to systematically consider complex 

tradeoffs occurring in a watershed on a regional or national scale. Researchers are 

focusing on watersheds in order to understand their resilience to stressors, identify 

specific watersheds that require enhanced protection, and understand factors that affect 

successful watershed restoration. 

Geographic Water Programs

The Administration has expanded and enhanced numerous cross-agency efforts to 

promote collaboration and coordination among agencies, which include a suite of large 

aquatic ecosystem restoration efforts. Three prominent examples of the EPA of crossagency restoration efforts are the Great Lakes, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Gulf of 

Mexico. Working with its partners and stakeholders, the EPA has established special 

programs to protect and restore each of these unique natural resources. 

43
The EPA’s ecosystem protection programs encompass a wide range of approaches that 

address specific at-risk regional areas and larger categories of threatened systems, 

such as urban waters, estuaries, and wetlands. Locally generated pollution, combined 

with pollution carried by rivers and streams and through air deposition, can accumulate 

in these ecosystems and degrade them over time. The EPA and its federal partners 

along with states, tribes, municipalities, and private parties, will continue efforts to 

restore the integrity of imperiled waters of the United States.

Puget Sound:

The Puget Sound program’s FY 2014 budget request of $17 million will allow the EPA to 

support efforts to protect and restore the Puget Sound by implementing the Puget 

Sound Action Agenda. The Action Agenda emphasizes three areas: shellfish, 

stormwater, and habitat. The goal is for the estuary to support balanced indigenous 

populations of shellfish, fish and wildlife, and the extensive list of recognized uses of the 

Puget Sound, as well as to meet obligations under federal tribal treaties. In FY 2012 the 

Puget Sound was able to report almost an additional 2,000 acres of near shore, 

riparian, and wetland habitat acres protected or restored since 2011. 

The EPA Region 10 provides leadership for the Puget Sound Federal Caucus and cochairs the overall federal effort to address Treaty Rights at Risk11. For FY 2014, 

consistent with past years, EPA proposes to provide 25 percent of the total program 

funding directly to tribes. Additionally, fifty percent of the total funding will be directed to 

assistance agreements addressing salmon and shellfish recovery, and specifically 

riparian buffers and habitat protection. We expect that funding for these activities will 

directly benefit tribal interests in Puget Sound. 

Great Lakes:

In FY 2014, $300 million in funding for the EPA-led Great Lakes Restoration Initiative 

will address priority environmental issues (e.g., toxic substances, nonpoint source 

pollution, habitat degradation and loss, and invasive species) in the largest freshwater 

system in the world. This carefully coordinated interagency effort involves the White 

House Council on Environmental Quality, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Department of Health and Human Services, Department of 

Homeland Security, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of 

State, Department of Defense, Department of Interior, and Department of 

Transportation. This effort has contributed to the removal of 21 Beneficial Use 

Impairments at 12 different Great Lakes Areas of Concern, meeting EPA’s cumulative 

target of 33 for this measure and exceeding the GLRI Action Plan target.

The EPA expects to continue to achieve substantial public and environmental health 

results through both federal projects and projects conducted in collaboration with states, 

tribes, municipalities, universities, and other organizations. Progress will continue in 

each of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative’s five focus areas: Toxic Substances and 

11For more information, visit: http://nwifc.org/w/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2011/08/whitepaper628finalpdf.pdf 

44
Areas of Concern; Invasive Species; Nearshore Health and Nonpoint Source; Habitat 

and Wildlife Protection and Restoration; and, Accountability, Education, Monitoring, 

Evaluation, Communication and Partnerships. The EPA will place a priority on: 1) 

cleaning up and de-listing Areas of Concern; 2) reducing phosphorus contributions from 

agricultural and urban lands that contribute to harmful algal blooms and other water 

quality impairments; and 3) invasive species prevention. A few expected outcomes with 

FY 2014 GLRI and other agency base funds include remediation of over 400 thousand 

cubic yards of contaminated sediment; delisting of one or more Areas of Concern; 

reduction or control of terrestrial invasive species on about 1,000 acres; and targeting of 

sources of excess nutrients in sub-watersheds of the western basin of Lake Erie, 

Saginaw Bay on Lake Huron, and Green Bay on Lake Michigan. 

Chesapeake Bay:

The Chesapeake Bay program’s FY 2014 budget request of about $73 million, an 

increase of approximately $15.7 million over the FY 2012 enacted levels, will allow the 

EPA-led inter-agency Federal Leadership Committee to continue to implement the 

President’s Executive Order on Chesapeake Bay Protection and Restoration and meet 

its broad responsibilities under Clean Water Act Section 117. The key initiatives include: 

assisting states in implementing their Phase II Watershed Implementation Plans; 

maintaining oversight of state permitting and compliance actions for the various sectors; 

assisting Bay jurisdictions in developing effective offset and trading programs; 

expanding and improving a publicly accessible TMDL tracking and accountability 

system; maintaining and improving the Bay monitoring system; deploying technology to 

integrate discrete Bay data systems and to present the data in an accessible 

accountability system called ChesapeakeStat. This increased funding will help the 

Chesapeake Bay Program continue to implement pollution controls necessary to restore 

Bay water quality. The program met or exceeded its FY12 targets for pollution controls.

By FY 2014, the program expects to achieve 30 percent of its goals for implementing 

nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment reduction actions to achieve final TMDL allocations, 

as measured through the phase 5.3 watershed model.

The EPA will direct investments toward local governments and watershed organizations 

based on their ability to reduce nutrient and sediment loads through such key sectors as 

land development and agriculture. The Chesapeake Bay Program’s grant programs are 

important tools for ensuring progress on the seven Bay jurisdictions’ Watershed 

Implementation Plans, and the EPA is working to ensure that the states provide support 

to local governments as they take the on-the-ground actions necessary to achieve the 

goals of the Chesapeake Bay TMDL. Several of the Bay watershed jurisdictions have 

established or expanded water quality trading programs to support the goals of their 

WIPs and other milestones. In FY 2014, the EPA will provide additional resources to 

Bay watershed jurisdictions that wish to improve the viability and integrity of their water 

quality offset and trading programs, including through development of and participation 

in pilot interstate trading projects, where appropriate. 

45
Gulf of Mexico Program:

The Gulf of Mexico program’s FY 2014 budget request of $4.5 million will allow the EPA 

to continue its support for Gulf restoration work, such as habitat conservation and 

replenishment and protection of coastal and marine resources. The EPA will actively 

support the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council and other activities in the Gulf of 

Mexico. The coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico received an overall health rating of 2.4 

out of 5 in the National Coastal Conditions Report, meeting its FY 2012 target. The 

index is a compilation of 5 individual indices measuring a broad range of environmental 

conditions: water quality, sediment quality, benthic zone conditions, condition of coastal 

habitats, and fish tissue contaminants.

The Gulf of Mexico program will continue to restore and enhance the environmental and 

economic health of the Gulf of Mexico through cooperative partnerships to address the 

program’s long-term restoration goals. These goals include: restoring and conserving 

habitat; restoring water quality; replenishing and protecting living coastal and marine 

resources; education and outreach; and enhancing community resilience. Specifically in 

FY 2014, the EPA will support Gulf state nutrient criteria pilots and develop science and 

management tools for the characterization of nutrients in coastal ecosystems; address 

excessive nutrient loadings that contribute to water quality impairments in the basin; 

foster regional stewardship and awareness through annual Gulf Guardian Awards; 

support initiatives that include direct involvement from underserved and 

underrepresented populations and enhance local capacity to reach these populations; 

and work towards the goal of fully attaining water quality standards in at least 360 

impaired segments in priority coastal watersheds. In FY 2012, 316 impaired segments 

were restored, just short of the agency’s annual target for that year of 320. 

Homeland Security

In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to build its capacity to identify and respond to threats 

to critical national water infrastructure. The EPA’s wastewater and drinking water 

security efforts will continue to support the water sector by providing access to 

information-sharing tools and mechanisms that provide timely information on 

contaminant properties, water treatment effectiveness, detection technologies, 

analytical protocols, and laboratory capabilities for use in responding to a water 

contamination event.

In FY 2014, the EPA requests support for its Regional Centers of Expertise for Water 

Teams. Currently, all ten regions have water emergency response teams that are 

available to assist in responses to large-scale or multiple environmental impact events. 

The two Regional Centers requested in FY 2014 will provide desk and field staff in 

instances where an incident may overwhelm other regional offices’ more modest 

emergency response capabilities. They also will conduct training and exercises 

designed to ensure a higher level of preparedness.

46
Research

Environmental challenges in the 21st century are more complex than before. Causes of 

environmental and health risks, such as climate change, urbanization, nonpoint source 

water pollution, and increased water demand have become universal and require 

different thinking and solutions than in the past. Reducing risk can no longer be the only 

approach to environmental protection. Industry and government are looking toward 

solutions that enhance economic growth, social well-being, public health, and 

environmental quality. 

Increased demands, land use practices, population growth, aging infrastructure, and 

climate change and variability, pose significant threats to our nation's water resources. 

(See Figure 1)

Figure 1: Conceptual model for watersheds, where socioeconomic forces influence the 

ecosystem; human activities place stress on the ecosystem; the state is the condition of 

the ecosystem; the impact relates to benefits that ecosystems provide, and their value to 

human well-being; and responses are the environmental management actions and 

decisions by society.

Such competing interests require the development of innovative new solutions for water 

resource managers and other decision makers. To address these challenges, the EPA’s 

Safe and Sustainable Water Resources (SSWR) research program provides the 

information and tools that the EPA needs to meet its legal, statutory, and policy 

challenges. Research will integrate social, economic, and environmental sciences to 

support the nation’s range of growing water-use and ecological requirements. 

SSWR is developing resource management tools to allow decision makers to 

systematically consider complex tradeoffs occurring in a watershed on a regional or 

national scale. For example, wetland health indicators and the interpretation of national 

wetlands survey data is informing the EPA’s first National Wetlands Condition Report 

47
scheduled for FY 2014.12 This report will form the baseline for analyzing future wetland 

changes and trends in response to programs and policies. 

Research also addresses and adapts to future water resources management needs to 

ensure that natural and engineered water systems have the capacity and resiliency to 

meet current and future water needs. The SSWR program will continue developing, 

implementing, and providing guidance on green infrastructure projects as a costeffective approach to stormwater management. Additionally, the SSWR research 

program will continue to ensure the safety of America’s water resources through new 

approaches to monitor and mitigate aging distribution and collection systems. 

SSWR research also focuses on protecting and restoring water resources for 

designated uses (e.g., drinking water, aquatic life, recreation, industrial processes). In 

FY 2014, the EPA’s researchers will continue to develop tools for the better detection 

and assessment of groups of highly harmful waterborne chemicals and microbial 

contaminants. The EPA also is conducting research on uses of systems-based 

approaches to identify and manage nutrient-degraded water resources and to promote 

protection and recovery of those resources. In FY 2014, the SSWR research program 

will continue developing integrated nutrient management methods for estuarine 

ecosystems and watersheds to develop solutions that can be broadly applied to the 

nation’s coastal watersheds. 

Energy and mineral extraction and production also have the potential to impact surface 

and subsurface water resources. The SSWR program is developing assessment 

techniques to assist our policy and decision makers in creating an environmentally 

responsible energy policy. In particular, in FY 2014 hydraulic fracturing (HF) research 

will focus on understanding the potential negative impacts of energy-associated 

activities on water resources.

Multiple federal agencies are engaged in HF research, and the EPA is committed to 

collaborating across agencies. In April 2012, the EPA signed a Memorandum of 

Agreement (MOA) with DOE and DOI, develop a multi-agency program to focus on 

timely, policy relevant science to support sound policy decisions by state and Federal 

agencies for ensuring the prudent development of energy sources while protecting 

human health and the environment. Additional goals include minimizing potential risks in 

developing these resources, maximizing each agency’s particular strength, and 

reducing interagency overlap.

The EPA expects to publish the Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking Water 

Resources draft report in late calendar year 2014. This report will outline the results of 

research focused on the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water 

resources, and, if so, what the driving factors are. Additionally, in a coordinated effort 

between the SSWR and the Air, Climate and Energy (ACE) research programs, the 

EPA will study potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on air, water quality, water 

resources, ecosystems, and health risk.

12 For more information, see: http://water.epa.gov/type/wetlands/assessment/survey/index.cfm. 

48
Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development

Strategic Goal: Clean up communities, advance sustainable development, and protect 

disproportionately impacted low-income, minority, and tribal communities. Prevent 

releases of harmful substances and clean up and restore contaminated areas.

Resource Summary

(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2013

Annualized 

CR

FY 2014

President’s

Budget

Difference

FY 2012 EN 

to FY 2014 

PresBud

1 - Promote Sustainable and Livable 

 Communities $485,886 $485,271 $452,388 ($33,498)

2 - Preserve Land $233,238 $231,095 $239,141 $5,903

3 - Restore Land $1,126,822 $1,133,362 $1,102,147 ($24,675)

4 - Strengthen Human Health and 

 Environmental Protection in Indian 

 Country $88,398 $87,094 $95,705 $7,308

 Goal 3 Total $1,934,343 $1,936,821 $1,889,381 ($44,962)

Workyears 4,334 4,349 4,262 (72)

NOTE: Goal objectives include indirect costs. Goal totals may not add due to rounding. FY 2013 Annualized CR as 

of March 25, 2013 excludes Hurricane Sandy Relief supplemental appropriations

Introduction

The EPA strives to protect and restore land, one of America’s most valuable resources, 

by cleaning up communities to create a safer environment for all Americans. Hazardous 

and non-hazardous wastes on land can migrate to air, groundwater and surface water, 

contaminating drinking water supplies, causing acute illnesses and chronic diseases, 

and threatening healthy ecosystems. The EPA will continue efforts to prevent and 

reduce risks posed by releases of harmful substances to land, clean up communities, 

strengthen state and Tribal partnerships, expand the conversation on environmentalism, 

and work for environmental justice. The agency also will advance sustainable 

development and maximize efforts to protect disproportionately impacted low-income, 

minority, and Tribal communities through outreach and protection efforts for 

communities historically underrepresented in the EPA’s decision-making.

In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to partner with state and tribal partners to prevent and 

reduce exposure to contaminants. Improved compliance at high-risk oil and chemical 

facilities through inspections will help prevent exposure and lower the risk of accidents. 

23.2% of Budget

49
The EPA and its key state, tribal, and local partners, including affected communities, 

have matured in our collaborative approaches to identifying and cleaning up 

contaminated sites and putting these sites back into productive use for communities. 

The EPA will continue the multi-year Integrated Cleanup Initiative (ICI) program for the 

fifth year. The ICI identifies and implements opportunities to integrate and leverage the 

full range of the agency’s land cleanup authorities to accelerate the pace of cleanups, 

address a greater number of contaminated sites, and put these sites back into 

productive use while protecting human health and the environment. Furthermore, the 

EPA will build on the lessons learned, such as increased communication, partnering 

and planning, or phased tasking of remedial investigation projects. These changes in 

contracting approaches are expected to improve performance, increase opportunities 

for optimization, and enhance contract award opportunities for small and socioeconomically disadvantaged businesses.

In FY 2014, the EPA will continue its work to cleanup, redevelop, and revitalize 

contaminated sites, such as Superfund sites, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 

(RCRA) sites, brownfield sites, and leaking underground storage tanks. Many 

communities across the country regularly face risks posed by intentional and accidental 

releases of hazardous substances into the environment. Through its RCRA Corrective 

Action program, the EPA and its state partners issue, update, or maintain RCRA 

permits for 2,465 hazardous waste facilities. Through these efforts, the EPA has 

achieved a total of 3,041 RCRA facilities with human exposures to toxins under control 

as of the end of FY 2012. In addition, there are 1,676 sites on the Superfund National 

Priorities List (NPL), 364 of which have been deleted. Sites are placed on the NPL when 

the presence of contamination, often from complex chemical mixtures of hazardous 

substances, has impacted groundwater, surface water, and/or soil. The precise impact 

of many contaminant mixtures on human health remains uncertain; however, 

substances commonly found at Superfund sites have been linked to a variety of human 

health problems, such as birth defects, infertility, cancer, and changes in 

neurobehavioral functions. As of October 2012, the EPA had controlled human 

exposures to contamination at 1,361 NPL sites. 

Improvements to land cleanup programs (e.g., Superfund, Brownfields, RCRA 

Corrective Action, and Leaking Underground Storage Tanks) to address the cleanup 

needs at individual sites will be supported by sound scientific data, research, and costeffective tools that alert the EPA to emerging issues and inform agency decisions on 

managing materials and addressing contaminated properties. The EPA also will 

continue to implement its Community Engagement Initiative to ensure transparent and 

accessible decision-making processes, deliver information that communities can use to 

participate meaningfully, and help the EPA produce outcomes that are responsive to 

community perspectives and that ensure timely cleanup decisions. 

The Risk Management Program (RMP) provides the foundation for community and 

hazard response planning by requiring chemical facilities to take preventative 

measures, as well as collecting and sharing data to assist other stakeholders in 

preventing and responding to releases of all types. Taken together, the RMP and 

50
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) establish a structure 

within which federal, state, local, and Tribal partners can work together to protect the 

public, the economy, and the environment from chemical risks. Since FY 1996, there 

has been a significant decrease in accidents reported at RMP facilities, from a high of 

478 accidents in FY 1998 to a low of 122 accidents in FY 2011. Overall accident 

reductions could be attributed to a number of factors including those actions taken by 

facilities to prevent spills. The EPA has worked to increase inspection activities at highrisk facilities, made it possible to submit RMPs online, and increased the number of 

RMP inspectors. 

Major FY 2014 Changes

To address resource constraints, the EPA carefully evaluated all cleanup activities to 

assess where the pace of progress could be slowed, where other governmental entities 

could provide needed support, or where requested increases had not been appropriated 

in order to continue funding critical priorities. The EPA will direct limited resources to 

best protect public health, especially in disadvantaged communities; support core work 

of state and Tribal partners; and focus on the largest problems. Part of this effort 

addresses operational efficiencies, under implementation of the Administration’s 

Management Agenda which has resulted in administrative savings and efficiencies. The 

requested FY 2014 resources will enable the agency to maintain progress toward 

longer-term goals in critical areas.

• The request of $539.1 million represents a decrease of $25.9 million from the FY 

2012 Enacted Budget for EPA’s Superfund Remedial program. In recognition of 

these budget constraints, the EPA will downsize and rebalance the overall 

Superfund Remedial program to give priority to completing projects at various 

445

478

368

278

235

295 286 283

244

195

274

233

215

143

122

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Accidents at RMP Facilities FY 1997-2011 

51
stages in the response process as opposed to starting new project phases. 

• The request of $85 million represents a $9.8 million decrease in funding from the 

FY 2012 Enacted Budget for Brownfields Projects grants. At this level of funding, 

the Brownfields program will continue to foster federal, state, Tribal, local, and 

public-private partnerships to return properties to productive economic use in 

communities. 

• The $72.6 million request maintains support for the Tribal General Assistance 

Program (GAP) at a $5.0 million increase compared to the FY 2012 Enacted 

Budget. As the largest single source of the EPA’s funding to tribes, the Tribal 

GAP grants assist tribes to establish the capacity to implement programs to 

address environmental and public health issues in Indian County. 

• The agency requests a total of $4.4 million in RCRA Waste Management within 

two appropriations accounts for the development of an e-Manifest system, a key 

component of the agency’s E-Enterprise initiative. When fully implemented, the 

e-Manifest program is estimated to reduce the burden of reporting costs for 

regulated businesses in the range of $77 million to $126 million annually. 

• In FY 2014, the EPA will reduce support to states in LUST prevention assistance 

agreements by $1.5 million and in LUST cooperative agreements by $1.6 million, 

resulting in 2,400 fewer inspections conducted and approximately 155 fewer 

cleanups, respectively. The decreased funding in FY 2014 may reduce state staff 

levels, as approximately 75 and 80 percent of the state assistance agreements 

are used for state staff salaries respectively. As EPA and states have increased 

frequency of inspections and implement other prevention efforts, there has also 

been a decrease in new confirmed releases. Continued reduction in confirmed 

releases will remain a critical component in backlog reduction, but maintaining a 

strong prevention program and cleanup progress are essential as well.

• The EPA’s Oil Spill program protects U.S. waters and communities. The request 

of $17.1 million for the Oil Spill: Prevention, Preparedness and Response 

program is an increase of $2.4 million from the FY 2012 Enacted Budget. This 

level reflects an increase to improve the federal capacity to prevent oil spills by 

conducting up to 34 additional high-risk facility inspections, thereby providing 

additional protection of the oil storage network, the public, and the environment 

from accidental releases. 

52
Priority Goal

The EPA has established an FY 2012-2013 Priority Goal to highlight progress made in 

cleaning up contaminated sites. Four cleanup programs contribute to the priority goal – 

Brownfields, Underground Storage Tanks, Superfund and RCRA Corrective Action. The 

Priority Goal is:

• Clean up contaminated sites and make them ready for use. By September 30, 2013, 

an additional 22,100 sites will be ready for anticipated use.

Since the EPA began collecting the number of sites ready for anticipated use (RAU) in 

FY 2008, the cumulative number of sites RAU has increased. As of October 2012, 

428,825 sites and 2,428,822 acres were made ready for anticipated use. Over the past 

53
three years the annual number of sites made RAU has decreased. This is primarily 

because of the increasing cost and complexity of cleanups as well as a recalibration of 

cleanup targets due to the expiration of funding such as that associated with the 

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. For FY 2012, EPA achieved 99.3% (over 

11,500 sites) of the FY 2012 milestone for this Priority Goal. The graphs below highlight 

incremental progress in meeting RAU long-term and annual performance goals, which 

is also the focus of the FY 2012-2013 Priority Goal. 

Please note, as part of the formulation of the FY 2015 budget, the EPA will be 

developing new FY 2014-2015 Priority Goals that advance the agency’s priorities and 

the agency’s Strategic Plan. Additional information on the agency's Priority Goals can 

be found at www.performance.gov. 

FY 2014 Activities

Work under Goal 3 supports four objectives: 1) Promote Sustainable and Livable 

Communities, 2) Preserve Land; 3) Restore Land; and 4) Strengthen Human Health and 

Environmental Protection in Indian Country. 

Promote Sustainable and Livable Communities

In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to use several approaches to promote sustainable, 

healthier communities and protect vulnerable populations and disproportionately 

impacted low-income, minority, and Tribal communities. The agency especially is 

concerned about threats to sensitive populations, such as children, the elderly, and 

individuals with chronic diseases.

Brownfields: 

The EPA’s Brownfields program is funded at nearly $158.6 million, which includes 

related Smart Growth activities. This program supports states, local communities, and 

Tribes in their efforts to assess and cleanup sites that may be contaminated within their 

13,428

12,171 12,003 11,555

54
jurisdiction and return them to productive reuse. Although, the $9.8 million reduction in 

grants may result in 20 fewer assessment grants, four fewer Revolving Loan Fund 

grants, nine fewer cleanup grants, and two fewer Environmental Workforce 

Development and Job Training grants, the EPA will still be able to award approximately 

120 assessment grants, 51 cleanup grants, eight Revolving Loan Fund grants, 11 

Environmental Workforce Development and Job Training grants, 20 area wide planning 

grants, and a variety of technical assistance, targeted assessment, and petroleum 

brownfields grants. In FY 2014, this support includes the continued assessment and 

cleanup of brownfields sites along with activities that advance the goals of the HUDDOT-EPA Partnership for Sustainable Communities, including greater use among local 

and state governments of sustainable redevelopment approaches to brownfields. 

The EPA requests $2.4 million to oversee, manage and support hundreds of 

brownfields cooperative agreements awarded each year, while removing barriers and 

creating incentives for brownfields cleanup and redevelopment. This program will 

continue to provide technical assistance for brownfields redevelopment in cities in 

transition (areas struggling with high unemployment as a result of structural changes to 

their economies). In addition, the Brownfields program, in collaboration with the EPA’s 

Smart Growth program, will address critical issues for brownfields redevelopment, 

including financing, accountability to uniform systems of information for land use 

controls, and other factors that influence the economic viability of brownfields 

redevelopment. The FY 2014 funding request also includes a $300 thousand increase 

to support Strong Cities, Strong Communities to provide guidance, technical assistance 

and analytical support to local efforts to update land use codes to support the economic 

trajectory of the community and better catalyze economic redevelopment. In FY 2014, 

the Brownfields program will continue to foster federal, state, local, and public-private 

partnerships to return properties to productive economic use in communities. 

Smart Growth: 

The agency’s Smart Growth program works across the EPA and with other federal 

agencies to help communities strengthen their economies and protect the environment 

through use of smart growth and sustainable design approaches. This program focuses 

on streamlining, concentrating, and leveraging state and federal assistance in urban, 

suburban, and rural communities that offer the greatest opportunity for development that 

will deliver environmental and economic benefits. 

In FY 2014, the EPA requests $1.9 million to continue its work to help community and 

government leaders meet environmental standards through sustainable community and 

building development, design, policies, and infrastructure investment strategies. The 

program does this by providing technical assistance to states, regions, and local and 

Tribal governments; conducting research and developing tools that help communities 

see the connection between development and the environment, the economy, and 

public health; and engaging, leveraging and aligning community-based activities and 

investments with other federal agencies. The program will continue to innovate and use 

new mechanisms to address the growing demand from communities for more direct 

55
technical assistance, including in rural areas, in areas that are disadvantaged, or in 

areas that have been adversely affected by contamination and environmental 

degradation. 

The agency also will continue its support for the HUD-DOT-EPA Partnership for 

Sustainable Communities by coordinating efforts across the three agencies that impact 

housing, transportation, air quality, and protection of land and water resources. EPA 

and the Partnership will help support a broader Administration commitment to help 

communities improve their resilience through direct technical assistance, provision of 

useful data and tools, and support for planning. By aligning grant resources and 

program investments, and through continued coordination among the three agencies, 

EPA is helping to ensure that the federal government makes investments that advance 

the Livability Principles and deliver economic, environmental and community benefits.

Environmental Justice: 

The EPA is committed to environmental justice (EJ) regardless of race, color, national 

origin, or income. Recognizing that minority and/or low-income communities frequently 

may be exposed disproportionately to environmental harm and risks, the agency works 

to protect these communities and to ensure they are given the opportunity to participate 

meaningfully in environmental decisions, including clean-ups. In FY 2014, the 

implementation of the EPA’s strategic plan on environmental justice, Plan EJ 2014, by 

agency programs and regional offices is a key component of the EJ program’s efforts. 

The EPA requests $7.6 million for the EJ program to continue its efforts to incorporate 

EJ considerations into rulemaking and permitting processes, and to maintain the 

successful ongoing grants program with an emphasis on ensuring evidence to support 

needs described in proposed projects. In FY 2014, the EJ program will continue to apply 

effective methods suitable for decision-making involving disproportionate environmental 

health impacts on minority, low-income, and Tribal populations. The EPA also is 

implementing technical guidance to advance the integration of EJ considerations in 

analyses that support the EPA’s actions.

U.S.-Mexico Border: 

In FY 2014, the EPA is requesting $4.4 million for the US-Mexico Border program within 

Goal 3. The 2,000 mile border between the U.S. and Mexico is one of the most complex 

and dynamic regions in the world. The U.S.-Mexico Border region hosts a growing 

population of more than 14 million people and accounts for three of the ten poorest 

counties in the U.S. These demographics pose unique drinking water and wastewater 

infrastructure challenges as well as air pollution issues. The Border 2020 program 

identifies five long-term strategic goals to address the serious environmental 

and environmentally-related public health challenges including the impact of 

transboundary transport of pollutants in the border region. The goals are: reduce air 

pollution; improve access to clean and safe water; promote materials management,

waste management and clean sites; enhance joint preparedness for environmental 

response; and enhance compliance assurance and environmental stewardship.

56
Preserve and Restore Land

In FY 2014, the agency is requesting over $1.341 billion to continue to apply the most 

effective approaches to preserve and restore land by developing and implementing 

prevention programs, improving response capabilities, and maximizing the effectiveness 

of response and cleanup actions under RCRA, Superfund, LUST and other authorities. 

This strategy will help ensure that human health and the environment are protected and 

that land is returned to beneficial use in the most effective way.

In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to use a hierarchy of approaches to protect the land: 

reducing waste at its source, recycling waste, managing waste effectively by preventing 

spills and releases of toxic materials, and cleaning up contaminated properties. The 

agency is especially concerned about threats to sensitive populations, such as children, 

the elderly, and individuals with chronic diseases, and prioritizes cleanups accordingly.1

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act 

(CERCLA, or Superfund) and RCRA provide legal authority for the EPA’s work to 

protect the land. The agency and its partners use Superfund authority to clean up 

uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites, allowing land to be returned to 

productive use. Under RCRA, the EPA works in partnership with states and tribes to 

address risks associated with anyone who generates, recycles, transports, treats, 

stores, or disposes of waste. 

In FY 2014, the EPA will work to preserve and restore the nation’s land by ensuring 

proper management of waste and petroleum products, reducing waste generation, 

increasing recycling and by supporting its cleanup programs and oversight of oil and 

chemical facilities. These efforts are integrated with the agency’s efforts to promote 

sustainable and livable communities. The EPA’s land program activities for FY 2014 

include seven broad efforts: 1) Integrated Cleanup Initiative; 2) Land Cleanup and 

Revitalization; 3) RCRA Waste Management and Corrective Action; 4) Recycling and 

Waste Minimization; 5) Underground Storage Tanks management; 6) Oil Spills and 

Chemical Safety, and 7) Homeland Security. Note, for FY 2014 the EPA will no longer 

provide automatic transfers to other federal agencies from the Superfund Account. 

Integrated Cleanup Initiative2: 

In FY 2010, the EPA initiated a multi-year strategy called the Integrated Cleanup 

Initiative (ICI) to improve accountability, transparency, and effectiveness by better 

integrating and leveraging the agency’s land cleanup authorities. The ICI establishes a 

framework of activities, milestone dates, and deliverables to enable the EPA to address 

a greater number of sites, accelerate the pace of cleanups, and put those sites back 

into productive use while protecting human health and the environment. One of the 

primary goals of ICI is to communicate progress, successes, and challenges in a 

1 Additional information on these programs can be found at: www.epa.gov/superfund, 

http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/er_cleanup.htm, http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/ca/, http://www.epa.gov/Brownfields/, 

http://www.epa.gov/swerust1/, http://www.epa.gov/swerffrr/ and http://www.epa.gov/landrevitalization/index.htm 2 Additional information on this initiative may be found on http://www.epa.gov/oswer/integratedcleanup.htm. 

57
transparent manner to stakeholders and the public. For example, ICI helped streamline 

the review processes of both the National Remedy Review Board (NRRB) and the 

Contaminated Sediments Technical Advisory Group (CSTAG) by improving review 

coordination by the different boards, increasing opportunity for stakeholder input, and 

increasing the transparency of board findings.

In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to accelerate and otherwise improve comprehensive 

management of all aspects of the agency’s cleanup programs while addressing the 

three critical points in the cleanup process—starting, advancing, and completing site 

cleanup. The agency is exploring new project management efficiencies, broadening the 

use of optimization techniques, and improving the efficiency of the grants and 

contracting processes that are so important to our cleanup programs. 

Land Cleanup and Revitalization: 

In addition to promoting sustainable and livable communities, the EPA’s cleanup 

programs (e.g., Superfund Remedial, Superfund Federal Facilities Response, 

Superfund Emergency Response and Removal, RCRA Corrective Action, Brownfields, 

TSCA PCB Cleanup and Disposal, and Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) 

Cooperative Agreements) and their partners are taking proactive steps to facilitate the 

cleanup and revitalization of contaminated properties. To support the Land 

Revitalization Initiative, EPA created the Land Revitalization Agenda3 to integrate reuse 

into EPA's cleanup programs, establish partnerships, and help make land revitalization 

part of EPA's organizational culture. In FY 2014, the agency will continue to help 

communities clean up and revitalize these once productive properties by removing 

contamination, helping limit urban sprawl, fostering ecologic habitat enhancements, 

enabling economic development, taking advantage of existing infrastructure, and 

maintaining or improving quality of life. In addition, the EPA will continue to support the 

RE-Powering America’s Land initiative4 in partnership with the Department of Energy, 

and support ongoing work with the General Services Administration to expeditiously 

identify parcels of federally-owned property ready for reuse as part of cleanup. These 

projects encourage reuse and development on currently or formerly contaminated land. 

Due to tough budget choices, funding levels for the Superfund Emergency Response 

and Removal program are reduced by approximately $1.8 million to $187.8 million. The 

agency will continue to support all emergency actions and focus on encouraging viable 

PRPs, when available, to conduct removal actions. In FY 2014, the EPA will oversee 

170 PRP removal actions and 170 Superfund-lead removal actions where no viable 

PRP has been identified. In addition, the agency is funding the Superfund Remedial 

program at $539.1 million. The agency will continue to give priority to completing 

projects at various stages in the response process, such as investigation, remedy 

design, and remedy construction. This strategy will create a potential backlog of 

approximately 40-45 new construction projects by the end of FY 2014. However, the 

agency will continue to maintain its levels of sites achieving human exposures under 

control and ground water migration under control, its statutorily mandated actions to

3 Additional information on this agenda can be found on http://www.epa.gov/landrevitalization/agenda_full.htm 4 Additional information on this initiative can be found on http://www.epa.gov/renewableenergyland/. 

58
operate ground water remedies, and to monitor and assess the protectiveness of the 

constructed remedies. In addition, the program estimates accomplishing 115 remedial 

action project completions in FY 2014. This projection is consistent with the FY 2013 

target. The program also will continue to place emphasis on promoting site reuse in 

affected communities and estimate bringing the program’s cumulative total to 726 final 

and deleted NPL sites ready for anticipated use by the end of FY 2014. 

The EPA is making significant progress in assuring that prior to completion of cleanups, 

unacceptable human exposures are eliminated or controlled as soon as possible. The 

RCRA Corrective Action and Superfund programs have made significant progress in 

stabilizing exposure, while longer-term cleanup progresses. The EPA will continue to 

take action to address any unacceptable exposures and eliminate acute risks while 

continuing to pursue long-term, permanent cleanups. This is exemplified by the EPA’s 

goal to control contaminated groundwater migration at 1,099 final and deleted NPL sites 

and control human exposures to contamination at 1,381 final and deleted NPM sites by 

the end of FY 2014. 

RCRA Waste Management, Corrective Action and Hazardous Waste Financial 

Assistance:

In partnership with the states, the agency requests $211.4 million to implement RCRA, 

which is critical to comprehensive and protective management of solid and hazardous 

materials for the entire lifecycle. In FY 2014, the EPA and the states will oversee and 

manage RCRA permits for 10 thousand hazardous waste units at 2,465 facilities. The 

EPA is responsible for the continued oversight and maintenance of the regulatory 

controls at facilities covered by RCRA and directly implements the entire RCRA 

program in Iowa and Alaska.5 The EPA provides leadership, work-sharing, and support 

to the 50 states and territories authorized to implement the permitting program. With 

declining state resources, the EPA is facing the potential of an increasing amount of 

direct implementation responsibility.

The EPA’s Corrective Action program is responsible for overseeing and managing 

cleanups that protect human health and the environment at active RCRA sites. The 

EPA focuses its corrective action resources on the 3,747 operating hazardous waste 

facilities that are a subset of approximately 6 thousand sites with corrective action 

obligations. These facilities include some of the most highly contaminated, technically 

challenging, and potentially threatening sites the EPA confronts in any of its cleanup 

programs.6 In FY 2014, the EPA will focus resources on those sites that present the 

highest risk to human health and the environment and implement actions to end or 

reduce these threats. To this end, the agency will build on its achievement of completing 

final remedy constructions at an estimated total of 1,836 RCRA corrective action 

facilities as of October 2012. In addition, the EPA will focus on controlling the migration 

of groundwater at 80 percent of RCRA facilities and controlling human exposures to 

5 http://www.epa.gov/wastes/hazard/tsd/permit/pgprarpt.htm 6

 There are additional facilities that have corrective action obligations that the EPA does not track under GPRA, as they are 

typically smaller, less significant facilities or sites. The EPA recognizes that the total universe of such facilities or sites "subject 

to" corrective action universe is between five and six thousand facilities or sites.

59
toxins at 90 percent of RCRA facilities in FY 2014. The agency also will support national 

PCB cleanup and disposal activities by assessing emerging technologies and issuing 

approvals (no states can be authorized for PCBs), evaluating PCB wastes against the 

criteria specified in the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).

Hazardous Waste Electronic Manifest: 

On October 5, 2012, the President signed the Hazardous Waste Electronic Manifest 

Establishment Act, requiring the EPA to assemble and maintain the information 

contained in the estimated 5 million forms accompanying hazardous waste shipments 

across the nation. In FY 2013, the EPA initiated the effort to develop a program that 

provided for the submission of information electronically, as well as in paper form. This 

investment at the federal level will significantly reduce the time and costs for state 

regulators and regulated entities associated with submitting, maintaining, processing, 

and publishing data from hazardous waste manifests. When fully implemented, the 

electronic hazardous waste manifest (e-Manifest) program will reduce the reporting 

burden for firms regulated under RCRA’s hazardous waste provisions by a range of $77 

million to $126 million annually. The legislation contains aggressive deadlines for 

rulemaking and system development. Once this system is in place, the legislation 

provides that fees collected through the program will be used to fund the operation of 

the program. 

In FY 2014, the EPA requests a total of $4.4 million, which includes $2.4 million in 

RCRA Waste Management, to begin the e-Manifest system acquisition/development 

process to meet the requirements outlined during the project planning phase; begin to 

develop the economic models to support the development of a user-fee rule; and begin 

needed analyses to support further revision of EPA regulations needed to implement an 

e-Manifest system. E-Manifest will be a key component of the E-Enterprise initiative, 

and will provide a number of framework components in support of E-Enterprise. 

Recycling and Waste Minimization: 

In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to advance the sustainable materials management 

(SMM) practices and a cradle-to-cradle perspective representing an important emphasis 

shift from waste management to materials management. The agency’s approach to 

SMM integrates the safe reuse of materials with economic opportunity. In FY 2014, the 

EPA will utilize SMM to offset the use of virgin resources by 8,603,033 tons of materials 

and products. In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to work on sustainable food 

management and used electronics, and will expand SMM work into other sectors, such 

as strengthening the EPA’s knowledge of the sustainability and the beneficial use of 

industrial materials. SMM is managed through the RCRA: Waste Minimization and 

Recycling program, for which the EPA has requested $9.4 million in FY 2014. 

60
The EPAct and Underground Storage Tanks: 

The EPAct7 contains numerous provisions that significantly affect federal and state 

underground storage tank (UST) programs and requires that the EPA and states 

strengthen tank release and prevention programs. In FY 2014 the EPA will continue to 

provide grants to states to help them meet their EPAct responsibilities, which include: 1) 

mandatory inspections every three years for all underground storage tanks and 

enforcement of violations discovered during the inspections; 2) operator training; 3) 

prohibition of delivery for non-complying facilities8; and 4) secondary containment or 

financial responsibility for tank manufacturers and installers. 

The EPA's goal is to prevent future releases of wastes in the environment. The agency

understands that accidents can happen but proper prevention leads to fewer and fewer 

releases. For example, the number of confirmed releases from USTs has dropped 25 

percent, from 7,570 in FY 2007 to 5,674 in FY 2012. The number of active tanks over 

that period dropped 6 percent, from 629,866 to 583,508. 

The LUST program has achieved significant success in closing releases since the 

beginning of the program. Of the 507,540 total confirmed releases, by the end of FY 

2012, 84 percent (or 425,637) were closed. The LUST program continues to make 

progress decreasing the overall backlog; however, the pace of cleanups is declining. In 

FY 2012, the program completed 97 percent of the annual cleanup goal of 11,250 sites 

by finishing 10,927 cleanups. Achieving these cleanup rates in the future will be more 

challenging. In FY 2011, the LUST program completed a study of its cleanup backlog. 

The EPA’s backlog study helped identify potential strategies to address the 

approximately 83 thousand UST releases remaining. EPA is working with states to 

develop and implement specific strategies and activities applicable to their particular 

sites to reduce the UST releases remaining to be cleaned up.

There is a strong relationship between LUST clean up success and reducing the 

number of new releases through the prevention program. Since 2007, the EPA has 

placed an increased emphasis on monitoring compliance through increased frequency 

of inspections and other Energy Policy Act (EPAct) provisions. During this time, 

compliance rates have increased and there has been a significant decrease in new 

confirmed releases. The continued reduction in confirmed releases will remain a critical 

component in backlog reduction, but maintaining cleanup progress is essential as well. 

Oil Spills and Chemical Safety: 

The discharge of oil into U.S. waters can threaten human health, cause severe 

environmental damage, and induce great financial loss to businesses and the public. 

The Oil Spill program helps protect U.S. waters by effectively preventing, preparing for, 

responding to, and monitoring oil spills. The EPA serves as the lead responder for 

cleanup of all inland zone spills, including transportation-related spills from pipelines, 

7 For more information, refer to http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ058.109.pdf (scroll to Title XV - Ethanol And Motor Fuels, 

Subtitle B – Underground Storage Tank Compliance, on pages 500-513 of the pdf file).

61
trucks, and other transportation systems, and provides technical assistance and support 

to the U.S. Coast Guard for coastal and maritime oil spills. In FY 2014, the EPA will 

continue to focus efforts on oil spill prevention, preparedness, compliance assistance, 

and enforcement activities associated with the more than 600 thousand nontransportation-related oil storage facilities that the EPA regulates through its Spill 

Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Program. In addition, the agency will 

finalize development and begin implementation of the National Oil Database including 

identifying requirements for electronic submission of Facility Response Plans in order to 

create reporting efficiencies for the agency, states, local government and industry.

In FY 2014, the EPA requests a total of $17.1 million which includes a $2.4 million 

increase to improve the federal capacity to prevent oil spills by conducting up to 34 

additional high-risk facility inspections. The EPA will perform inspections of regulated 

high-risk oil facilities to better implement prevention approaches and to bring 50 percent 

of SPCC inspected facilities found to be non-compliant during the FY 2010 through FY 

2013 inspection cycle into compliance. In 2014, EPA anticipates performing 454 

inspections, of which 154 are expected to be at high risk facility inspections.

In FY 2014, the EPA also requests $14.1 million which includes a $0.8 million increase 

to support additional high-risk chemical facility inspections. There is a critical need for 

the agency to continue efforts to prevent and respond to accidental releases of harmful 

substances by developing clear authorities, training personnel, and providing proper 

equipment. Accidents reported to the EPA since 2005 by the current universe of RMP 

facilities have resulted in the deaths of approximately 60 workers and other people, over 

1.3 thousand injuries, nearly 200 thousand people sheltered in place, and more than 

$1.6 billion in on-site and off-site damages.

Homeland Security: 

The EPA’s Homeland Security work is an important component of the agency’s 

prevention, protection, and response activities. The FY 2014 President’s Budget

requests $38.7 million to: maintain its capability to respond effectively to incidents that 

may involve harmful chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) substances; maintain

the Environmental Response Laboratory Network (ERLN); develop and maintain 

agency expertise and operational readiness for all phases of consequential 

management following a CBR incident, specifically environmental characterization, 

decontamination, laboratory analyses and clearance; maintain the Emergency 

Management Portal (EMP); and conduct CBR training for agency responders to improve 

CBR preparedness.

Improve Human Health and the Environment in Indian Country

In FY 2014, the EPA will work with Tribal governments to develop and implement 

strategic planning through joint Tribal-EPA partnership plans. This will assist the agency 

and Tribal governments in identifying key procedures and milestones for building 

capacity for specific programs. Capacity to develop environmental education and 

outreach programs, develop and implement integrated solid waste management plans, 

62
and identify serious conditions posing immediate public health and ecological threats, is 

important for the health of Tribal communities. In FY 2014, Tribal GAP grants will 

maintain progress toward building Tribal capacity and assist tribes in leveraging other 

EPA and federal funding to contribute towards environmental and human health 

protection for this underserved population. Due to continued high staff turnover rates 

within tribes, the funding increases requested in the President’s Budget are critical for 

building and sustaining core environmental program capacities.

Under federal environmental statutes, the EPA has responsibility for protecting human 

health and the environment in Indian country. Since adopting the EPA Indian Policy in 

1984, the EPA has worked with federally-recognized tribes on a government-togovernment basis, in recognition of the federal government's trust responsibility to 

federally-recognized tribes. In FY 2014, the EPA’s Office of International and Tribal 

Affairs will continue to lead agency-wide program efforts to work with tribes, Alaska 

Native Villages, and inter-tribal consortia to fulfill this responsibility. The EPA’s strategy 

for achieving this objective has two major components:

• Work with federally-recognized tribes who want to create an environmental program 

through: direct technical assistance; implementation of the Indian General 

Assistance Program (GAP); development of joint strategic plans; and development 

of measures for tracking progress made toward achieving environmental program 

goals.

• Gather, track, analyze and provide the information and data necessary to access, 

review, and prioritize Tribal environmental conditions for joint planning uses and to 

determine the effectiveness of the EPA and Tribal programs in improving 

environmental. 

Research

The Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research Program (SHCRP) will continue 

research to support the EPA’s program offices, and our state and Tribal partners in 

protecting and restoring land, and supporting community health. The work of the 

SHCRP falls into four inter-related themes:

1. Data and Tools to Support Sustainable Community Decisions uses interactive 

social media and other innovative means to enable communities and 

stakeholders to actively engage in the planning, design, and implementation of 

SHC research to meet their desired sustainability goals;

2. Forecasting and Assessing Ecological and Community Health will enable 

communities to ensure the sustainable provision of ecosystem services and to 

assess how the natural and built environment affects the health and well-being of 

their residents;

3. Near-term Approaches for Sustainable Solutions builds upon the EPA’s program 

office experience to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of methods for 

63
addressing existing sources of land and groundwater contamination, while 

moving to innovative approaches that reduce new sources of contamination and 

enable recovery of energy, materials, and nutrients from waste; 

4. Integrated Solutions for Sustainable Outcomes assesses the state of the art of 

sustainable practices for four high-priority community decision areas: waste and 

materials management; infrastructure, including energy and water; 

transportation; and planning and zoning for buildings and land use. It will use 

whole-system modeling to integrate these four areas to better achieve outcomes 

with multiple benefits and to develop and test Taskforce on Research to Inform 

and Optimize (TRIO) accounting methods.

In FY 2014, the SHCRP will address many facets of site contamination and cleanup. 

This includes source elimination of contaminated ground water and migration at 

Superfund sites and plume management to reduce exposures via drinking water and 

vapor intrusion. Research efforts are leading to screening, sampling, and modeling 

approaches to assess risks from vapor intrusion and to define the need for mitigation in 

homes, schools, and places of employment. This science will be used to develop 

guidance on site assessment and in remedial investigations. 

Research will characterize contaminated sediments, remediation options, and ways to 

enhance cleanup of contaminated sediments, leading to restored ecological functioning 

and lifting of fish consumption advisories in impaired waters. The EPA will use this 

research to improve the cost effectiveness of sediment remediation cleanups and 

achieve human health, environmental, and economic benefits of cleanup projects along 

lakes and rivers. This research provides site-specific and general technical support to 

the EPA as it evaluates options for remediation of Superfund sites. 

The EPA will continue to develop or revise protocols to test oil spill control agents or 

products for listing on the National Contingency Plan Product Schedule, including 

dispersants’ performance and behavior in deep water. In addition, the agency is 

requesting $498 thousand to support research for the Underground Storage Tanks 

program. The SHCRP will deliver improved characterization and remediation methods 

for fuels released from leaking underground storage tanks.

64
Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution

Strategic Goal: Reduce the risk and increase the safety of chemicals and prevent 

pollution at the source.

Resource Summary

(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2013

Annualized 

CR

FY 2014

President’s

Budget

Difference

FY 2012 EN 

to FY 2014 

PresBud

1 - Ensure Chemical Safety $601,318 $597,893 $627,636 $26,319

2 - Promote Pollution Prevention $58,029 $56,613 $58,559 $530

 Goal 4 Total $659,346 $654,506 $686,195 $26,849

Workyears 2,679 2,634 2,593 (87)

NOTE: Goal objectives include indirect costs. Goal totals may not add due to rounding. FY 2013 Annualized CR as 

of March 25, 2013 excludes Hurricane Sandy Relief supplemental appropriations.

Introduction

Chemicals are ubiquitous in our everyday lives and products. They are used in the 

production of everything from our homes and cars to the cell phones we carry and the 

food we eat. Chemicals often are released into the environment as a result of their 

manufacture, processing, use, and disposal. Research shows that children are getting 

steady infusions of industrial chemicals before they are even given solid food.1,2,3 Other 

vulnerable groups, including low-income, minority, and indigenous populations, may be 

disproportionately impacted by chemical exposure and thus particularly at risk.4,5,6

1 The Disproportionate Impact of Environmental Health Threats on Children of Color 

(http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/8d49f7ad4bbcf4ef852573590040b7f6/79a3f13c301688828525770c0063

b277!OpenDocument) 2

 Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks 3 Guide to Considering Children's Health When Developing EPA Actions: Implementing Executive Order 13045 

and EPA's Policy on Evaluating Health Risks to Children 

(http://yosemite.epa.gov/ochp/ochpweb.nsf/content/ADPguide.htm/$File/EPA_ADP_Guide_508.pdf) 4 Holistic Risk-based Environmental Decision Making: a Native Perspective 

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241171) 5 Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low 

Income Populations

8.4% of Budget

65
Under existing Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) authorization, the EPA is charged 

with the responsibility of assessing the safety of commercial chemicals and to act upon 

those chemicals if there are significant risks to human health or the environment. The 

$686.2 million requested in FY 2014 will allow the EPA to sustain its success in 

managing the potential risks of new chemicals entering commerce without impacting 

progress in assessing and ensuring the safety of existing chemicals. In FY 2014, the 

approach focuses on: 1) using all available authorities under TSCA to take immediate 

and lasting action to eliminate or reduce identified chemical risks and develop proven 

safer alternatives; 2) using regulatory mechanisms to fill remaining gaps in critical 

exposure data, and increasing transparency and public access to information on TSCA 

chemicals; and 3) using data from all available sources to conduct detailed chemical 

risk assessments on priority chemicals to determine which risk management actions 

may be needed and why. In FY 2014, the EPA will discontinue funding for the fibers 

program. The fibers program, which is primarily administered by States via their 

departments of environmental protection or health, will continue to be where the public 

gets their information about asbestos. EPA will continue asbestos-related efforts 

elsewhere through the provision of State grants for asbestos compliance.

In FY 2014, the EPA’s pesticide licensing program will continue to evaluate new 

pesticides before they reach the market and will continue to ensure that pesticides 

already in commerce are safe when used in accordance with the label. As directed by 

the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Federal Food, 

Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), and the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA), the 

EPA will register pesticides to protect consumers, pesticide users, workers who may be 

exposed to pesticides, children, and other sensitive populations. The EPA also will 

review potential impacts on the environment, with particular attention to endangered 

species. 

The EPA has a long history of collaboration on a wide range of domestic and global 

environmental issues. The EPA envisions that environmental progress in cooperation 

with international partners can catalyze even greater progress toward protecting our 

environment, including ensuring that trade-related activities sustain environmental 

protection, enhancing the ability of our trading partners to protect their environments 

and develop in a sustainable manner, and improving cooperation and enhancing 

opportunities through effective consultation and collaboration related to issues of mutual 

interest. To advance all of these efforts, the EPA continues to focus on the following 

international priorities: building strong environmental institutions and legal structures; 

improving air quality; expanding access to clean water; reducing exposure to toxic 

chemicals; and cleaning up e-waste.

Chemical safety research is directed to manage the risks arising from exposure to 

hazardous chemical substances. The complexity of twenty-first century socioenvironmental challenges demand enhanced risk prevention and mitigation tools for 

new and existing chemicals that consider the proactive and sustainable design, 

6 Interim Guidance on Considering Environmental Justice During the Development of an Action 

(http://www.epa.gov/compliance/ej/resources/policy/considering-ej-in-rulemaking-guide-07-2010.pdf) 

66
manufacture, use, and disposal of chemicals. One of the principal examples of this 

forward thinking is the computational toxicology work under the Toxicity Forecaster 

(ToxCast) program, which will focus on the following issues: improvement of 

computational systems models of pathways and tissues, development of rapid costefficient exposure models (ExpoCast), and the implementation of web-based tools 

(Dashboards) for analysis and decision support. Achieving an environmentally 

sustainable future demands that the EPA address today’s environmental problems while 

simultaneously preparing for long-term challenges. These efforts support the 

development and employment of approaches for alternative sustainable product 

formulations found by studying chemical life cycles to address issues of cumulative risk, 

environmental chemical mixtures, population-vulnerability, and environmental justice, as 

related to exposure disparities. The EPA’s Science Advisory Board (SAB) recognizes 

that solutions must tackle issues collectively, rather than individually, to be effective.7

This belief is a core philosophy of the EPA’s FY 2014 research program and it will 

position the agency to address the environmental challenges of the 21st Century. 

Pollution prevention is central to the EPA’s sustainability strategies. In FY 2014, the 

EPA will enhance cross-cutting efforts to advance sustainable practices, safer 

chemicals, sustainable lower risk processes and practices, and safer products. The 

combined effect of community-level actions, geographically-targeted efforts, attention to 

chemicals, and concern for ecosystems — implemented through the lens of science, 

transparency, and law — will bring real environmental improvements and protections. 

Major FY 2014 Changes

Recognizing the tight limits on discretionary spending across government, the EPA has 

evaluated its priorities and made necessary adjustments to focus FY 2014 resources on 

the most significant efforts that help protect health and the environment from chemical 

risks. The EPA request represents an increase in FY 2014 of approximately $6.2 million 

above the FY 2012 Enacted Budget for critical work in the objective of Ensuring 

Chemical Safety under the Chemical Risk Review and Reduction program. This 

increase is targeted to the following activities: continue development and peer review in 

order to finalize risk assessments of additional TSCA work plan chemicals; and increase 

the pace of its review of existing TSCA confidential business information cases, with the 

goal of having all such reviews completed a year in advance of the target date in the FY 

2011 – 2015 EPA Strategic Plan.

 

FY 2014 Activities

Chemicals Program

The chemicals program addresses new chemicals, existing chemicals and legacy 

chemicals. The major activity of the new chemicals program is premanufacture notices 

(PMN) review and management, which addresses the potential risks from approximately 

1,000 chemicals, products of biotechnology, and new chemical nanoscale materials 

7 http://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/E989ECFC125966428525775B0047BE1A/$File/EPA-SAB-10-010-

unsigned.pdf

67
received annually prior to their entry into the US marketplace. In FY 2014, the toxics 

program will maintain its ‘zero tolerance’ goal in preventing the introduction of unsafe 

new chemicals into commerce.

The greatest challenge is to address existing chemicals already in use but where 

available information is limited. Existing chemicals activities fall into three major 

components: 1) obtaining, managing, and making chemical information public; 2) 

screening and assessing chemical risks; and 3) reducing chemical risks. Progress will 

be made to address existing chemicals already in commerce under EPA’s 

comprehensive approach to enhance the agency’s existing chemicals management 

program, including under EPA’s TSCA Work Plan that evaluates these chemicals in a 

manner which is efficient and prioritized according to potential risk. 

In FY 2014, EPA also expects to complete final risk assessments in FY 2014 for three 

of the 83 TSCA Work Plan Chemicals identified in March 2012, while making further 

progress in assessing risks for up to 18 additional chemicals. 

In FY 2014, the agency will continue to implement the chemicals risk management 

program to further eliminate risks from high-risk “legacy” chemicals. As illustrated in the 

following figure, the EPA will build on the successful national effort to reduce childhood 

blood lead incidences and continue ongoing implementation of the Lead Renovation, 

Repair and Painting (RRP) Rule through outreach efforts and targeted activities to 

support renovator certifications. 

Endocrine Disruptor Program

In FY 2014, the endocrine disruptor screening program will focus on several areas. The 

program plans to 

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• Finalize the inter-laboratory validation of test protocols to be used to determine 

the endocrine-related effects caused by potential endocrine disruptors at various 

doses; 

• Prioritize and select additional chemicals to undergo screening to determine 

potential for endocrine disruption;

• Continue to issue orders to conduct testing for selected chemicals; and

• Review test data submitted and conduct weight of evidence (WoE) evaluations to 

determine whether pesticide chemicals have the potential to interact with 

endocrine systems, and whether the chemical warrants further testing for 

endocrine effects. 

Further, the program will continue coordination and collaboration with the research and 

development program to identify computational toxicology-based approaches which 

may be used for chemical prioritization and to develop a more targeted approach to 

assess a chemical’s potential to interact with the estrogen, androgen, and thyroid 

systems. 

Pesticides Program

Identifying, assessing, and reducing the risks presented by the pesticides on which our 

society and economy depend are integral to ensuring chemical safety. Chemical and 

biological pesticides help meet national and global demands for food. They provide 

effective pest control for homes, schools, gardens, highways, utility lines, hospitals, and 

drinking water treatment facilities while also controlling animal vectors of disease. The 

program ensures that the pesticides available in the U.S. are safe when used as 

directed. In addition, the program places priority on reduced risk pesticides that, once 

registered, will result in increased societal benefits. 

In FY 2014, $129.5 million is requested to support the EPA pesticide review processes 

for all pesticide applications. The EPA also will focus on improving pesticide 

registrations’ compliance with the Endangered Species Act and ensuring that pesticides 

are correctly registered and applied to ensure protection of water quality. The EPA will 

continue registration and reregistration requirements for antimicrobial pesticides which 

differ somewhat from those of other pesticides. The EPA also will continue to 

emphasize the protection of potentially sensitive groups, such as children, by reducing 

exposures from pesticides used in and around homes, schools, and other public areas. 

In addition, the agency worker protection, certification, and training programs will 

encourage safe application practices. Together, these programs will minimize exposure 

to pesticides, maintain a safe and affordable food supply, address public health issues, 

and minimize property damage that can occur from insects, pests and microbes. 

Pollution Prevention Program

In FY 2014, the requested funding of $20.3 million for the EPA’s pollution prevention 

(P2) program will target technical assistance, information, and assessments to 

encourage the use of greener chemicals, technologies, processes, and products. The 

EPA will continue to support programs with proven records of success, including 

69
Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP), Design for the Environment (DfE), Green 

Suppliers Network, Pollution Prevention Technical Assistance, Partnership for 

Sustainable Healthcare, Green Chemistry and Green Engineering. In addition, the 

EPA’s P2 Programs will support the Economy, Energy, and Environment (E3) 

Partnership among federal agencies, local governments, and manufacturers to promote 

energy efficiency, job creation, and environmental improvement. E3 partnerships are 

active in 18 states; organizations in another 15 states and territories have begun the E3 

process. Work under these programs also supports the energy reduction goals under 

Executive Order 13514. Through these efforts, the EPA will continue to encourage 

government and business to adopt source reduction practices that can help prevent 

pollution and avoid potential adverse human health and environmental impacts. In FY 

2014, the EPA will leverage expertise from other EPA programs to enhance new 

pollution prevention education and outreach resources and create mechanisms to 

ensure their use. Through an intra-agency working group, each program office will 

disseminate educational resources and information to the public. 

International Priorities

In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to work to improve air quality, expand access to clean 

water, and protect vulnerable communities from toxic pollution that extends from North 

America to nearly 180 nations worldwide. Through collaborative efforts with partners 

from around the world, the EPA is working to facilitate commerce, promote sustainable 

development, protect vulnerable populations and engage in environmental issues. In 

June 2012 Administrator Lisa Jackson attended the United Nations Conference on 

Sustainable Development, commonly referred to as Rio+20. The Administrator worked 

to advance U.S. positions in promoting a global green economy.

Specifically, the EPA’s bilateral and multilateral partnerships will continue to address 

environmental health outcomes. The agency’s international priorities will guide 

collaboration with Commission on Environmental Cooperation (CEC) and all 

international partners. 

Through these partnerships, the EPA will maintain focus on several priorities. It will 

continue building strong environmental institutions and legal structure and combating 

climate change by limiting pollutants and improving air quality in the U.S. and around 

the world. The EPA expects to focus on assisting less developed countries with 

technical support needed for ratification of the Minamata Mercury Convention, a legallybinding convention directed at reducing global mercury pollution that was adopted by 

delegates from over 140 countries in January 2013. The EPA also expects to focus on 

continued technical and policy support for global and regional efforts to address 

international sources of mercury use and emission. Reducing exposure to toxic 

chemicals and cleaning up e-waste also will be a priority. 

Research 

The EPA’s Chemical Safety and Sustainability, Human Health Risk Assessment, and 

Homeland Security Research programs underpin the analysis of risks and potential 

70
health impacts across the broad spectrum of EPA programs and provide the scientific 

foundation for chemical safety and pollution prevention. In FY 2014, the EPA will further 

strengthen its planning and delivery of science by continuing an integrated research 

approach that tackles problems systematically instead of individually. 

In FY 2014, the EPA will continue the multi-year transition away from the traditional 

assays used in the endocrine disruptor screening program through efforts to validate 

and use computational toxicology and high throughput screening methods. This is 

expected to allow the agency to more quickly, efficiently, and cost-effectively assess 

potential chemical toxicity. In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to evaluate endocrinerelevant ToxCast high throughput assays to increase coverage for known endocrine 

toxicity pathways through the scientific understanding of adverse outcome pathways.

In FY 2014, the agency’s Human Health Risk Assessment research program will 

continue to develop assessments and other research products including:

• Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) health hazard and dose-response 

assessments; 

• Integrated Science Assessments (ISAs) of criteria air pollutants;

• Community Risk and Technical Support; and

• Methods, models, and approaches to modernize risk assessment for the 21st 

Century. 

In FY 2014, the program will release a final Integrated Science Assessment evaluating 

the health effects of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides to contribute to the EPA’s review 

of the primary NAAQS for these air pollutants. The program also will make significant 

progress toward completion health hazard assessments of high priority chemicals (e.g., 

arsenic (inorganic) and cumulative phthalates).

The Homeland Security research program (HSRP) will continue to enhance the nation’s 

preparedness, response, and recovery capabilities for homeland security incidents and 

other hazards. The HSRP will provide stakeholders with valuable detection and 

response analytics for incidents involving chemical, biological, or radiological agents. 

The program will emphasize research needed to support response and recovery from 

wide-area attacks involving radiological agents, nuclear agents, and biothreat agents 

such as anthrax. 

The EPA will allocate $164.3 million to the Chemical Safety and Sustainability, Human 

Health Risk Assessment, and Homeland Security Research programs in FY 2014.

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72
Goal 5: Enforcing Environmental Laws

Strategic Goal: Protect human health and the environment through vigorous and 

targeted civil and criminal enforcement. Assure compliance with environmental laws.

Resource Summary

(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2013

Annualized 

CR

FY 2014

President’s

Budget

Difference

FY 2012 EN 

to FY 2014 

PresBud

1 - Enforce Environmental Laws $785,630 $782,925 $840,553 $54,923

 Goal 5 Total $785,630 $782,925 $840,553 $54,923

Workyears 3,905 3,883 3,823 (82)

NOTE: Goal objectives include indirect costs. Goal totals may not add due to rounding. FY 2013 Annualized CR as 

of March 25, 2013 excludes Hurricane Sandy Relief supplemental appropriations.

Introduction

The EPA's civil and criminal enforcement programs assure compliance with our nation's 

environmental laws. A strong and effective enforcement program is essential to 

ensuring compliance with our laws and regulations and maintaining a level economic 

playing field, and to realizing the public health and environmental protections our federal 

statutes were created to achieve. The EPA is committed to helping support public health 

in communities disproportionately burdened by pollution through integrating and 

addressing issues of environmental justice (EJ) in the EPA’s programs and policies as 

part of its day-to-day business. The EPA’s EJ program promotes accountability for 

compliance with Executive Order 12898, “Federal Actions to Address Environmental 

Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations.”

On January 18, 2011, President Obama issued a “Presidential Memoranda – 

Regulatory Compliance”1 which reaffirms the importance of effective enforcement and 

compliance with regulations. It states “Sound regulatory enforcement promotes the 

welfare of Americans in many ways, by increasing public safety, improving working 

conditions, and protecting the air we breathe and the water we drink. Consistent 

regulatory enforcement also levels the playing field among regulated entities, ensuring 

that those that fail to comply with the law do not have an unfair advantage over their 

law-abiding competitors.” 

1 Please see: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/01/18/presidential-memoranda-regulatorycompliance

10.3% of Budget

73
In FY 2014, the EPA seeks to maintain the strength of its core national enforcement and 

compliance assurance program. Recognizing the tight fiscal climate at both the federal 

and state level, the agency will implement strategies that use resources more efficiently 

and find opportunities to focus and leverage efforts to assure compliance with 

environmental laws. 

The EPA has achieved impressive pollution control and health benefits through vigorous 

compliance monitoring and enforcement, but the sheer number of regulated facilities, 

the contribution of large numbers of smaller sources of pollution, combined with federal 

and state budget constraints has made it necessary for the EPA to go beyond the 

traditional single facility inspection and enforcement approach to ensure widespread 

compliance. In light of fiscal constraints, the need to innovate is even greater in order for 

the EPA to achieve gains in compliance over the long-term. The EPA is developing and 

implementing new methods based on advances in both monitoring and information 

technology that will improve compliance and our ability to focus on the most serious 

violations, and through electronic reporting will reduce paperwork burdens on business 

and our governmental partners.

This initiative, Next Generation Compliance, incorporates multiple components: the use 

of state-of-the-art monitoring technology to detect pollution problems; leveraging 

electronic reporting to enhance government efficiency and reduce paperwork reporting 

burden; enhancing transparency so the public is aware of facility and government 

environmental performance; implementing innovative enforcement approaches; and 

structuring regulations to be more effective to achieve improved compliance. In FY 

2014, the EPA’s national enforcement and compliance assurance program will continue 

its efforts to implement Next Generation Compliance approaches to achieve the EPA’s 

goals more efficiently and effectively. Next Generation Compliance complements the 

agency’s new E-Enterprise initiative. The agency’s E-Enterprise initiative supports all of 

the agency’s goals and programs. By the end of FY 2013, the EPA expects to finalize 

and formally endorse key operational components of the agency’s E-Enterprise 

initiative, including the plan for joint governance by the states and the EPA, and the 

framework for business case analyses which will guide operations. The initiative will 

reduce the paperwork and regulatory reporting burden on regulated entities and provide 

easier access to and use of environmental data. E-Enterprise resources in the 

Enforcement and Compliance Assurance program will support three initiatives: 1) 

Developing a field collection, evidence management, and reporting system for 

conducting compliance monitoring inspections; 2) Partnering with states to develop and 

implement fillable e-forms for electronically reporting NPDES information; and 3) 

Supporting e-reporting rule development and program evaluation. 

In FY 2014, the agency proposes to accelerate its Next Generation Compliance 

approaches to harness state-of-the-art technology to make this program more efficient 

and effective. In particular, the burden and costs of monitoring and compliance reporting 

will be reduced for the EPA and others by investing in state-of-the-art monitoring 

74
technology and supporting electronic interaction with the regulated community. This will 

allow the EPA and others to move away from the traditional model of reliance on timeconsuming and expensive individual facility inspections and paper reporting. For 

example, the Ohio National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program 

was able to increase compliance and achieve efficiencies by switching from a system of 

paper-based Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMRs) to electronic submissions. With 

more efficient management of the DMR process, the Ohio program was able to 

reduce data staff from eight employees to two, allowing the redeployment of six FTE to 

other priority work. Additionally, non-compliance rates were reduced by over 50 percent 

in one year by managing DMRs electronically. Data errors were reduced from 50,000 

per month to 5,000. The EPA is pursuing a national NPDES rule to replicate similar 

efficiencies and improved compliance nationwide.

The agency also will continue to emphasize the importance of making compliance 

information publicly available to better serve the American people and provide an 

incentive to promote greater compliance with environmental laws. The agency’s 

Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO) tool is the EPA’s premier webbased tool that provides public access to compliance and enforcement information for 

approximately 800,000 EPA-regulated facilities. The EPA, state and local environmental 

agencies collect/report data from facilities and from their own activities and submit that 

data to EPA databases. In addition, ECHO includes State Performance dashboards for 

the Clean Water Act (CWA), Clean Air Act (CAA) and Resource Conservation and 

Recovery Act (RCRA) to allow users to assess each state's performance in enforcing 

the various environmental statutes as well as integrate facility information across media 

specific data systems. Through ECHO and its reports, users can now view this data in a 

comprehensive and organized manner, including a search function. ECHO reports 

provide a snapshot of a facility’s environmental record, showing dates and types of any 

violations, as well as the state or federal government’s response. The system allows the 

public to monitor environmental compliance in communities, corporations to monitor 

75
compliance across facilities they own, and investors to more easily factor environmental 

performance into their decisions. ECHO usage has grown to more than 2 million queries 

in FY 2012.

The Next Generation Compliance effort will enable the EPA to evaluate the 

effectiveness of its enforcement and compliance strategies. The agency is working to 

develop tools that will help collect data to establish a baseline level of environmental 

compliance information. For example, converting paper-based reporting to electronic 

will reduce reporting burdens on facilities. The conversion to electronic reporting 

coupled with advanced monitoring will provide the EPA and the states with more 

complete data on regulated sources, their emissions/discharges and their compliance 

status. More complete, timely information will allow the agency to evaluate compliance, 

experiment with new approaches and identify what works. This more complete data can 

be made publicly available, with transparency itself serving as a compliance driver. 

Major FY 2014 Changes

In FY 2014, the EPA requests $604 million for its National Enforcement and Compliance 

Assurance program to support Goal 5.2 The EPA’s FY 2014 budget submission for the 

Enforcement and Compliance Assurance program continues to focus on the highest 

priority work - those pollution problems that pose the greatest threat to human health 

and the environment, including work on the national enforcement initiatives. The budget 

also reflects efforts to reshape and realign the workforce to accommodate changes in 

programmatic direction and strengthen expertise by balancing the appropriate skill mix, 

2 EPA requests a total of $625 million for the National Enforcement and Compliance Assurance program. There are 

additional resources for the program under Goals 2, 3 and 4.

76
and reducing administrative support through efficiencies. The EPA carefully evaluated 

program activities and will direct limited resources to where they can best protect public 

health, especially in disadvantaged communities; support core work of state and Tribal 

partners; and focus on the largest pollution problems. 

• With the overall objective of assisting the agency with achieving its goals more 

efficiently and effectively, the EPA’s National Enforcement and Compliance 

Assurance program is in the process of restructuring its workforce and reducing a 

total of 62.8 FTE, a cut of 2.0 percent from FY 2012 FTE levels. The EPA will 

prioritize resources to continue to address the most important public health and 

environmental compliance problems. This effort, in part, will allow for additional 

resources to assist the program with the following activities:

• $6.4 million to maintain the capacity and support for case development, 

negotiation, and litigation;

• $4.1 million for high priority activities such as conducting compliance 

inspections, maintaining compliance monitoring tools for effective targeting 

and supporting EPA’s enforcement data systems; and 

• $2.8 million to provide support for targeted, intelligence-led enforcement 

activities which will permit criminal agents to more quickly and effectively 

investigate complex cases.

• In FY 2014, the agency requests $4.0 million for a new Evidence-Based 

Enforcement grant program. This competitive grant program will assist states in 

developing evidence-based, innovative approaches for enforcement and 

compliance, as well as collecting data to assess and improve the enforcement 

and compliance program.

• In FY 2014, the EPA requests an increase of $15.0 million in E-Enterprise for the 

Enforcement program to assess and streamline regulations where possible and 

transition from paper-based to electronic reporting to reduce burden on regulated 

entities and provide easier access to and use of environmental data. These 

resources also will increase the EPA’s ability to detect violations that impact 

public health, reduce transaction costs, and better engage the public to drive 

behavioral changes in the regulated community.

Priority Goal

The EPA FY 2012-2013 Priority Goal on electronic reporting is part of the Agency-wide 

E-Enterprise initiative. While the enforcement program has a lead role in implementing 

this goal by co-chairing a newly-formed EPA task force, this is a cross-program agency 

goal. The Priority Goal is:

• Increase transparency and reduce burden through e-Reporting. By September 

30, 2013, develop a plan to convert existing paper reports into electronic 

reporting, establish electronic reporting in at least four key programs, and adopt a 

policy for including electronic reporting in new rules. 

77
Please note, as part of the formulation of the FY 2015 budget, the EPA will develop new 

FY 2014-2015 Priority Goals that advance the agency’s Priorities and the agency’s 

Strategic Plan. Additional information on the agency's Priority Goals can be found at 

www.performance.gov.

FY 2014 Activities

The FY 2014 budget incorporates difficult decisions to reduce spending for activities 

where we have made significant progress (and therefore no longer require as active an 

enforcement presence), or that, while important, do not address the most substantial 

impacts to human health. The agency remains committed to implementing a strong 

enforcement and compliance program focused on identifying and reducing noncompliance and deterring future violations. To meet this commitment, the program 

employs a variety of activities, including data collection and analysis, compliance 

monitoring, assistance, civil and criminal enforcement efforts and innovative and 

evidence-based problem-solving approaches to identify and address the most 

significant environmental issues. In FY 2014 these efforts will be enhanced through 

Next Generation Compliance approaches that rely on modern reporting and monitoring 

tools to advance implementation of the agency’s priorities and core program work. 

 

Focus Areas:

• Protecting Air Quality: In FY 2014, the EPA will help improve air quality in 

communities by targeting large pollution sources, especially in the utility, acid, 

cement, glass and natural gas exploration and production industries that are not 

complying with environmental laws and regulations. Where the EPA finds noncompliance, the agency will take action to bring them into compliance, which may 

include installing controls that will benefit communities or improving emission 

monitoring. Enforcement activities to cut toxic air pollution in communities improve 

the health of residents, particularly those overburdened by pollution. In FY 2014 the 

EPA will undertake an effort to examine the general deterrent effect of EPA 

enforcement actions on the pollution control practices of air toxics emitters.

• Protecting America’s Waters: In FY 2014, the EPA will work with states to revamp 

compliance and enforcement approaches to more effectively and efficiently address 

the most important water pollution problems. Our focus will include getting raw 

sewage out of water, cutting pollution from animal waste, and reducing pollution from 

stormwater runoff. The EPA also will continue to promote an integrated planning 

strategy for addressing municipal sewage and stormwater challenges, including the 

use of lower cost and innovative approaches. These efforts will help to clean up great 

waters like the Chesapeake Bay and will focus on revitalizing urban communities by 

protecting and restoring urban waters. Enforcement efforts will also support the goal 

of assuring clean drinking water for all communities, including small systems and in 

Indian country.

78
• Cleaning Up Our Communities: In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to protect 

communities by ensuring that responsible parties conduct Superfund and other 

cleanups, saving federal dollars for sites where there are no viable contributing 

parties. Ensuring that responsible parties clean up the sites also reduces direct 

human exposure to hazardous pollutants and contaminants, provides for long-term 

human health protection, and ultimately makes contaminated properties available for 

reuse. We will continue to integrate environmental justice into the site remediation 

enforcement program by using EJ criteria when enforcing RCRA corrective action 

requirements to meet RCRA 2020 goals and ensuring that institutional controls are 

implemented at sites in environmental justice areas of concern.

• Chemical Safety: In FY 2014, the EPA will strengthen chemical safety enforcement 

and reduce exposure to pesticides, improving the health of Americans. An active 

enforcement program reduces direct human exposures to toxic chemicals and 

pesticides and supports long-term human health protection. Ensuring compliance 

with the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) lead based paint requirements is a top 

priority for the TSCA monitoring and enforcement program. Lead exposure is 

particularly dangerous to children as even low levels of exposure have been 

associated with delays in physical and mental development, lower IQ levels, 

shortened attention spans, and increased behavior problems. An important remaining 

source of lead exposure in children is dust reissued that accumulate on the floors and 

window sills of homes that were painted with pre-1970’s lead-based paint. 

Compliance Monitoring

The EPA’s compliance monitoring program reviews and evaluates the activities of the 

regulated community to determine compliance with applicable laws, regulations, permit 

conditions and settlement agreements, as well as to determine whether conditions 

presenting imminent and substantial endangerment exist. 

In FY 2014, the EPA’s compliance monitoring activities will be both environmental 

media-based and sector-based. The EPA’s media-based inspections complement those 

performed by states and Tribes, and are a key part of the strategy for meeting the longterm and annual goals established for the air, water, pesticides, toxic substances and 

hazardous waste programs. The EPA will target its inspections to the highest priority 

areas and coordinate inspection activity with states and Tribes. In FY 2012, the EPA 

conducted 20,000 federal inspections and evaluations. In FY 2014, as part of Next 

Generation Compliance, the agency will continue to enhance the efficiency and 

effectiveness of the compliance monitoring program by leveraging electronic reporting 

to reduce paperwork burdens, increasing transparency by enhancing systems to report, 

synthesize, utilize, and disseminate monitoring data, designing analytic tools to help 

understand and utilize data and deploying state of the art monitoring equipment to the 

field. Synchronizing data systems to utilize electronic transmissions from regulated 

facilities will benefit the compliance monitoring program by allowing the EPA to better 

apply evidence-based approaches to the program and determine what strategies 

achieve the best results. 

79
Compliance monitoring also includes the EPA’s management and use of data systems 

to oversee its compliance and enforcement programs under the various statutes and 

programs that the agency enforces. In FY 2014, the EPA will accelerate the process of 

enhancing its data systems to integrate with E-Enterprise and to support electronic 

interaction with regulated facilities, providing more comprehensive, accessible data to 

the public and improving integration of environmental information with health data and 

other pertinent data sources from other federal agencies and private entities. The 

agency will complete Phase III of the Integrated Compliance Information System (ICIS), 

the modernization of the Air Facility System (AFS). ICIS supports both compliance 

monitoring and civil enforcement. 

In FY 2014, the proposed compliance monitoring budget is $128.9 million. 

Civil Enforcement

The civil enforcement program’s overarching goal is to assure compliance with the 

nation’s environmental laws and regulations in order to protect human health and the 

environment. The program collaborates with the Department of Justice, states, local 

agencies and tribal governments to ensure consistent and fair enforcement of all 

environmental laws and regulations. The program seeks to protect public health and the 

environment and ensure a level playing field by strengthening partnerships with coimplementers in the states, encouraging regulated entities to rapidly correct their own 

violations, ensuring that violators do not realize an economic benefit from 

noncompliance and pursuing enforcement to deter future violations. 

The civil enforcement program develops, litigates and settles administrative and civil 

judicial cases against serious violators of environmental laws. In FY 2012, the EPA’s 

enforcement actions required companies to invest an estimated $9.1 billion in actions 

and equipment to control pollution (injunctive relief). Also in FY 2012, the EPA’s 

enforcement actions required companies to reduce pollution by an estimated 6.6 billion 

pounds per year. Sustained and focused enforcement attention on serious violations of 

the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) resulted in a 60 percent reduction in violations in 

the past three years as a result of combined federal and state actions and enforcement 

work.

In FY 2014, the EPA’s civil enforcement program will focus on national enforcement 

initiatives and repeat violators, especially in communities that may be disproportionately 

exposed to risks and harm from pollutants in their environment, including minority 

and/or low-income areas. Specifically, the EPA will focus on National Enforcement 

Initiatives selected for FY 2014-2016 through a collaborative selection process taking 

place in FY 2013. These national initiatives address problems that remain complex and 

challenging. Current initiatives include Clean Water Act “wet weather” discharges, 

violations of the Clean Air Act New Source Review/Prevention of Significant 

Deterioration requirements and Air Toxics regulations, RCRA violations at mineral 

processing facilities, and multi-media problems resulting from energy extraction 

80
activities. Information on initiatives, regulatory requirements, enforcement alerts and 

EPA results will be made available to the public and the regulated community through 

websites. 

In FY 2014, the civil enforcement program will benefit from the Next Generation 

Compliance initiative of deploying state of the art monitoring equipment to the field and 

increasing support for electronic interaction with the regulated community. For example, 

the agency will begin to use emission monitoring data collected by facilities and 

regulators and sharing that information with affected communities (see graph below). 

This use of technology and sharing of information can result in reduced exposures to 

harmful pollutants and better public health protections.

Advanced Emissions Technology: 

Estimating versus Knowing

(A Case Illustration)

• Two large refineries assumed a 98% combustion efficiency (full compliance and proper steaming) and used emission factors

• Those refineries reported VOC emissions of 453 and 123 TPY, respectively

• Advanced monitoring technologies allowed EPA to calculate actual emissions which were far higher - 5,609 and 3,119 TPY 

(lower actual combustion efficiency and higher actual flows of waste gas)

• Communities exposed to far more HAPs than assumed

As with the compliance monitoring program, EPA’s enforcement program will benefit 

from synchronizing data systems to receive electronic transmissions from regulated 

facilities and by having more complete and timely data with which to evaluate which 

enforcement approaches are most effective. This utilizes the transformative information 

system-based work of the larger E-Enterprise initiative. The EPA and states will be able 

to better prioritize enforcement resources in those areas where they are most needed 

such as complex industrial operations requiring physical inspection, repeat violators, 

cases involving significant harm to human health or the environment, or potential 

criminal violations.

The civil enforcement program also will focus on how tools, such as fenceline 

monitoring, can be applied in enforcement settlements, in order to make more data 

81
more available, as well as using independent third parties to monitor compliance with 

the settlement. Fence line monitoring can be used to monitor the environment 

immediately surrounding a regulated entity, thereby providing the surrounding 

community information about emissions. 

The civil enforcement program also provides support for other priority programs, 

including the Environmental Justice program and the Chesapeake Bay program. For 

example, the civil enforcement program will help to implement a compliance and 

enforcement strategy for the Chesapeake Bay, providing strong oversight to ensure 

existing regulations are complied with consistently and in a timely manner. 

In FY 2014, the proposed budget for civil enforcement is $193.0 million.

Criminal Enforcement

Criminal enforcement underlies the EPA’s commitment to pursuing the most serious 

pollution violations. The EPA’s criminal enforcement program investigates and helps 

prosecute environmental violations that seriously threaten public health and the 

environment and involve intentional, deliberate or criminal behavior on the part of the 

violator. The criminal enforcement program deters violations of environmental laws and 

regulations by demonstrating that the regulated community will be held accountable 

through jail sentences and criminal fines. Bringing criminal cases to court sends a 

strong deterrence message to potential violators, enhances aggregate compliance with 

laws and regulations, and protects communities at risk. In FY 2012, the EPA has a 95% 

conviction rate for criminal defendants.

To maximize efficient use of resources, in FY 2014 the program will reduce case work in 

lower priority areas and will use its special agent capacity to identify and investigate 

cases with the most significant environmental, human health and deterrence impact. 

The EPA’s criminal enforcement program will target cases across all media that involve 

serious harm or injury; hazardous or toxic releases; ongoing, repetitive, or multiple 

releases; serious documented exposure to pollutants; and violators with significant 

repeat or chronic noncompliance or prior criminal conviction. 

In FY 2014, the proposed budget for Criminal Enforcement is $61.3 million.

Forensics Support

The Forensics support program provides specialized scientific and technical support for 

the nation’s most complex civil and criminal enforcement cases, as well as technical 

expertise for agency compliance efforts. The work of the EPA’s National Enforcement 

Investigations Center (NEIC) is critical to determining non-compliance and building 

viable enforcement cases. The NEIC maintains a sophisticated chemistry laboratory 

and a corps of highly trained inspectors and scientists with a wide range of expertise. In 

82
FY 2014, NEIC will continue to function under rigorous International Standards 

Organization 17025 requirements for environmental data measurements to maintain its 

accreditation. 

In FY 2014, the proposed budget for Forensics Support is $17.0 million. 

Superfund Enforcement

The EPA’s Superfund enforcement program protects communities by ensuring that 

responsible parties conduct cleanups of hazardous waste sites, preserving federal 

dollars for sites where there are no viable contributing parties. Superfund enforcement 

uses an “enforcement first” approach that maximizes the participation of liable and 

viable parties in performing and paying for cleanups in both the remedial and removal 

programs. The EPA will focus Superfund enforcement resources to support Potentially 

Responsible Party (PRP) searches, cleanup settlements, and cost recovery. Similarly, 

the Superfund Federal Facilities enforcement program will place greater reliance on 

federal agencies actively managing their own cleanup efforts. The agency will 

continually assess its priorities and embrace new approaches that can help achieve its 

goals more efficiently and effectively.

Enforcement authorities play a unique role under the Superfund program. The 

authorities are used to ensure that responsible parties conduct a majority of the cleanup 

actions and reimburse the federal government for cleanups financed by federal 

resources. In tandem with this approach, various reforms have been implemented to 

increase fairness, reduce transaction costs, promote economic development and make 

sites available for appropriate reuse.3 Ensuring that responsible parties cleanup sites 

ultimately reduces direct human exposures to hazardous pollutants and contaminants, 

provides for long-term human health protections and makes contaminated properties 

available for reuse. 

The Department of Justice supports the EPA’s Superfund enforcement program through 

negotiations and judicial actions to compel PRP cleanup and litigation to recover Trust 

Fund monies. The agency will provide $23.3 million to the Department of Justice 

through an Interagency Agreement. In FY 2012, the Superfund enforcement program 

secured private party commitments of nearly $900 million. Of this amount, PRPs have 

committed to future response work with an estimated value of $657.3 million; have 

agreed to reimburse the agency for $172.1 million in past costs; and have been billed by 

the EPA for approximately $67.5 million in oversight costs. The EPA also works to 

ensure that required legally enforceable institutional controls and financial assurance 

instruments are in place and adhered to at Superfund sites and at facilities subject to 

RCRA Corrective Action to ensure the long-term protectiveness of cleanup actions.

In FY 2014 the proposed budget for Superfund enforcement is $166.9 million.

3 For more information regarding the EPA’s enforcement program and its various components, please refer to 

http://www.epa.gov/compliance/cleanup/superfund/

83
Partnering with States and Tribes

In FY 2014, the Enforcement and Compliance Assurance program will sustain its 

environmental enforcement partnerships with states and tribes and work to strengthen 

their ability to address environmental and public health threats. In FY 2014, the 

Enforcement and Compliance Assurance program will provide $27.7 million in grants to 

the states and tribes. This request includes $4.0 million for a new Evidence-Based 

Enforcement grant program. This competitive grant program will assist the states in 

developing and collecting innovative measures for assessing the performance of the 

enforcement and compliance program. These grants will support state efforts to 

electronically collect data, and use new analytic approaches to more effectively direct 

program resources. Examples of focus areas could include: utilization of electronic 

facility performance information that reduces reliance on site specific inspections and 

provides whole-universe data; development of tools and data systems that automate the 

transmission of data from inspections and other investigations to enhance program 

management and prioritization; implementation of advanced emissions monitoring 

technologies that reduce costs and increase accuracy of both on-site and remote 

assessments; and the integration of a broader range of data, such as ambient 

environmental data, health data, and economic data to make prioritization more efficient 

and effective. These grants also will support states’ efforts to improve compliance 

through increased transparency and to measure the effectiveness of compliance and 

enforcement approaches. Examples of focus areas could include: electronic collection 

of performance information that reduces reliance on site-specific inspections; 

development of tools and data systems to automate transmission of data from 

inspections and other investigations; and implementation of advanced emissions 

monitoring technologies that reduce costs and increase accuracy of both on-site and 

remote assessments. 

In addition, the agency continues to request resources to assist in the implementation of 

compliance and enforcement provisions of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) 

and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). These grants 

support state and tribal compliance activities to protect the environment from harmful 

chemicals and pesticides. Under the Pesticides Enforcement Grant program, the EPA 

will continue to provide resources to states and Indian tribes to conduct FIFRA 

compliance inspections and take appropriate enforcement actions and implement 

programs for farm worker protection. The Toxic Substance Compliance Grants protect 

the public and the environment from PCBs, asbestos, and lead-based paint.

84
Appendices

85
86
Summary of Agency Resources by Appropriation 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Appropriation

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2013 

Ann. CR

FY 2014 

PresBud

Delta 

FY 14 PB - 

FY 12 ENA

Science & Technology (S&T)1 $793,728 $798,586 $783,926 ($9,802)

Environmental Program & Management (EPM) $2,678,222 $2,694,613 $2,812,757 $134,535 

Inspector General (IG)1 $41,933 $42,189 $45,227 $3,294 

Building and Facilities (B&F) $36,370 $36,592 $54,364 $17,994 

Inland Oil Spill Programs (Oil) $18,245 $18,356 $21,268 $3,023 

Hazardous Substance Superfund (SF) $1,213,808 $1,216,206 $1,180,374 ($33,434)

 - Superfund Program $1,180,890 $1,183,086 $1,145,771 ($35,119)

 - Inspector General Transfer $9,939 $10,000 $11,054 $1,115 

 - Science & Technology Transfer $22,979 $23,120 $23,549 $570 

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) $104,142 $104,779 $99,242 ($4,900)

State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) $3,612,937 $3,589,781 $3,153,842 ($459,095)

 - Categorical Grants $1,088,813 $1,076,118 $1,135,842 $47,029 

 - All Other STAG $2,524,124 $2,513,663 $2,018,000 ($506,124)

E-Manifest $0 $0 $2,000 $2,000 

Rescission of Prior Year Funds ($50,000) $50,000 

Agency Total $8,449,385 $8,501,102 $8,153,000 ($296,385)

1 Does not include Superfund transfers—see the Superfund line items below for annual amounts.

NOTE: FY 2013 CR as of March 25, 2013 excludes Hurricane Sandy Relief supplemental appropriation of $608 

million.

87
88
PROGRAM PROJECTS BY PROGRAM AREA

(Dollars in Thousands)

Appropriation

Program Area

Program Project

Sub-Program Project

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2012

Actuals

FY 2013

Annualized CR

FY 2014

Pres Budget

Changes FY12 

Enacted to 

FY14 PresBud

Science & Technology

Clean Air and Climate

Clean Air Allowance Trading Programs $9,082.0 $10,189.4 $9,183.0 $9,594.0 $512.0

Climate Protection Program $16,319.0 $14,063.3 $16,445.0 $8,313.0 ($8,006.0)

Federal Support for Air Quality 

Management $7,091.0 $6,964.6 $7,137.0 $7,690.0 $599.0

Federal Support for Air Toxics Program $0.0 $218.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards 

and Certification $91,886.0 $88,102.3 $92,398.0 $100,374.0 $8,488.0

Subtotal, Clean Air and Climate $124,378.0 $119,537.6 $125,163.0 $125,971.0 $1,593.0

Indoor Air and Radiation

Indoor Air: Radon Program $210.0 $254.3 $210.0 $0.0 ($210.0)

Reduce Risks from Indoor Air $370.0 $351.7 $372.0 $428.0 $58.0

Radiation: Protection $2,094.0 $2,072.6 $2,102.0 $2,133.0 $39.0

Radiation: Response Preparedness $4,076.0 $3,783.5 $4,086.0 $4,097.0 $21.0

Subtotal, Indoor Air and Radiation $6,750.0 $6,462.1 $6,770.0 $6,658.0 ($92.0)

Enforcement

Forensics Support $15,269.0 $16,352.8 $15,302.0 $15,874.0 $605.0

Homeland Security

Homeland Security: Critical 

Infrastructure Protection

Water Security Initiative $8,606.0 $8,605.3 $8,685.0 $7,073.0 ($1,533.0)

Homeland Security: Critical 

Infrastructure Protection (other 

activities) $2,755.0 $2,757.8 $2,765.0 $2,820.0 $65.0

Subtotal, Homeland Security: Critical 

Infrastructure Protection $11,361.0 $11,363.1 $11,450.0 $9,893.0 ($1,468.0)

Homeland Security: Preparedness, 

Response, and Recovery 

Decontamination $17,256.0 $16,777.8 $17,379.0 $15,894.0 ($1,362.0)

Homeland Security: 

Preparedness, Response, and 

Recovery (other activities) $12,579.0 $10,254.4 $12,675.0 $13,650.0 $1,071.0

Subtotal, Homeland Security: 

Preparedness, Response, and 

Recovery $29,835.0 $27,032.2 $30,054.0 $29,544.0 ($291.0)

89
Appropriation

Program Area

Program Project

Sub-Program Project

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2012

Actuals

FY 2013

Annualized CR

FY 2014

Pres Budget

Changes FY12 

Enacted to 

FY14 PresBud

Homeland Security: Protection of EPA 

Personnel and Infrastructure $578.0 $577.0 $584.0 $579.0 $1.0

Subtotal, Homeland Security $41,774.0 $38,972.3 $42,088.0 $40,016.0 ($1,758.0)

IT / Data Management / Security

IT / Data Management $3,652.0 $3,250.7 $3,669.0 $4,029.0 $377.0

Operations and Administration

Facilities Infrastructure and Operations

Rent $33,901.0 $33,901.0 $33,901.0 $34,489.0 $588.0

Utilities $20,162.0 $19,522.7 $20,162.0 $21,010.0 $848.0

Security $10,696.0 $10,564.3 $10,696.0 $11,172.0 $476.0

Facilities Infrastructure and 

Operations (other activities) $7,260.0 $8,940.5 $7,675.0 $9,019.0 $1,759.0

Subtotal, Facilities Infrastructure and 

Operations $72,019.0 $72,928.5 $72,434.0 $75,690.0 $3,671.0

Subtotal, Operations and Administration $72,019.0 $72,928.5 $72,434.0 $75,690.0 $3,671.0

Pesticides Licensing

Pesticides: Protect Human Health from 

Pesticide Risk $3,757.0 $3,532.4 $3,771.0 $3,425.0 ($332.0)

Pesticides: Protect the Environment 

from Pesticide Risk $2,289.0 $2,249.1 $2,296.0 $2,293.0 $4.0

Pesticides: Realize the Value of 

Pesticide Availability $517.0 $417.8 $519.0 $510.0 ($7.0)

Subtotal, Pesticides Licensing $6,563.0 $6,199.3 $6,586.0 $6,228.0 ($335.0)

Research: Air, Climate and Energy

Research: Air, Climate and Energy

Human Health $0.0 $772.7 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Global Change $18,213.0 $22,198.7 $18,346.0 $20,440.0 $2,227.0

Clean Air $77,841.0 $78,552.4 $78,333.0 $83,225.0 $5,384.0

Research: Air, Climate and 

Energy (other activities) $1,994.0 $2,107.7 $2,004.0 $2,059.0 $65.0

Subtotal, Research: Air, Climate and 

Energy $98,048.0 $103,631.5 $98,683.0 $105,724.0 $7,676.0

Subtotal, Research: Air, Climate and 

Energy $98,048.0 $103,631.5 $98,683.0 $105,724.0 $7,676.0

90
Appropriation

Program Area

Program Project

Sub-Program Project

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2012

Actuals

FY 2013

Annualized CR

FY 2014

Pres Budget

Changes FY12 

Enacted to 

FY14 PresBud

Research: Safe and Sustainable Water 

Resources

Research: Safe and Sustainable Water 

Resources

Drinking Water $50,152.0 $10,608.7 $50,454.0 $50,973.0 $821.0

Water Quality $62,584.0 $15,098.7 $62,944.0 $66,859.0 $4,275.0

Research: Safe and 

Sustainable Water Resources 

(other activities) $50.0 $88,550.2 $51.0 $52.0 $2.0

Subtotal, Research: Safe and 

Sustainable Water Resources $112,786.0 $114,257.6 $113,449.0 $117,884.0 $5,098.0

Subtotal, Research: Safe and Sustainable 

Water Resources $112,786.0 $114,257.6 $113,449.0 $117,884.0 $5,098.0

Research: Sustainable Communities

Research: Sustainable and Healthy 

Communities

Human Health $44,697.0 $43,826.9 $45,028.0 $43,120.0 ($1,577.0)

Ecosystems $60,723.0 $59,797.6 $61,015.0 $59,972.0 ($751.0)

Research: Sustainable and 

Healthy Communities (other 

activities) $68,105.0 $69,899.3 $68,612.0 $44,280.0 ($23,825.0)

Subtotal, Research: Sustainable and 

Healthy Communities $173,525.0 $173,523.8 $174,655.0 $147,372.0 ($26,153.0)

Subtotal, Research: Sustainable 

Communities $173,525.0 $173,523.8 $174,655.0 $147,372.0 ($26,153.0)

Research: Chemical Safety and 

Sustainability

Human Health Risk Assessment $39,336.0 $43,342.5 $39,512.0 $40,219.0 $883.0

Research: Chemical Safety and 

Sustainability

Human Health $0.0 $7,080.2 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Endocrine Disruptors $16,861.0 $16,409.4 $16,983.0 $15,896.0 ($965.0)

Computational Toxicology $20,849.0 $23,045.4 $21,028.0 $21,409.0 $560.0

Research: Chemical Safety 

and Sustainability (other 

activities) $53,144.0 $46,612.9 $53,428.0 $57,320.0 $4,176.0

Subtotal, Research: Chemical Safety 

and Sustainability $90,854.0 $93,147.9 $91,439.0 $94,625.0 $3,771.0

Subtotal, Research: Chemical Safety and 

Sustainability $130,190.0 $136,490.4 $130,951.0 $134,844.0 $4,654.0

91
Appropriation

Program Area

Program Project

Sub-Program Project

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2012

Actuals

FY 2013

Annualized CR

FY 2014

Pres Budget

Changes FY12 

Enacted to 

FY14 PresBud

Water: Human Health Protection

Drinking Water Programs $3,782.0 $3,728.2 $3,788.0 $3,636.0 ($146.0)

Congressional Priorities

Water Quality Research and Support 

Grants $4,992.0 $60.0 $5,048.0 $0.0 ($4,992.0)

Total, Science & Technology $793,728.0 $795,394.8 $798,586.0 $783,926.0 ($9,802.0)

Environmental Program & Management

Clean Air and Climate

Clean Air Allowance Trading Programs $20,680.0 $20,266.2 $20,805.0 $20,469.0 ($211.0)

Climate Protection Program

Energy STAR $49,668.0 $51,601.5 $50,249.0 $52,915.0 $3,247.0

Methane to markets $5,013.0 $3,750.3 $5,068.0 $4,803.0 ($210.0)

Greenhouse Gas Reporting 

Registry $15,757.0 $15,233.4 $15,941.0 $18,865.0 $3,108.0

Climate Protection Program 

(other activities) $28,998.0 $25,397.6 $29,265.0 $29,616.0 $618.0

Subtotal, Climate Protection Program $99,436.0 $95,982.8 $100,523.0 $106,199.0 $6,763.0

Federal Stationary Source Regulations $27,298.0 $26,766.5 $27,484.0 $34,103.0 $6,805.0

Federal Support for Air Quality 

Management $123,058.0 $123,602.0 $123,338.0 $132,805.0 $9,747.0

Federal Support for Air Toxics Program $0.0 $784.7 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Stratospheric Ozone: Domestic 

Programs $5,570.0 $5,538.2 $5,608.0 $5,002.0 ($568.0)

Stratospheric Ozone: Multilateral Fund $9,479.0 $9,451.0 $9,627.0 $9,690.0 $211.0

Subtotal, Clean Air and Climate $285,521.0 $282,391.4 $287,385.0 $308,268.0 $22,747.0

Indoor Air and Radiation

Indoor Air: Radon Program $3,861.0 $4,292.9 $3,875.0 $2,271.0 ($1,590.0)

Reduce Risks from Indoor Air $17,135.0 $17,301.5 $17,288.0 $17,204.0 $69.0

Radiation: Protection $9,540.0 $9,454.8 $9,575.0 $10,623.0 $1,083.0

Radiation: Response Preparedness $3,015.0 $2,998.0 $3,026.0 $3,132.0 $117.0

Subtotal, Indoor Air and Radiation $33,551.0 $34,047.2 $33,764.0 $33,230.0 ($321.0)

Brownfields

Brownfields $23,642.0 $23,824.1 $23,708.0 $26,002.0 $2,360.0

Compliance

Compliance Monitoring $106,707.0 $106,690.9 $107,102.0 $127,540.0 $20,833.0

92
Appropriation

Program Area

Program Project

Sub-Program Project

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2012

Actuals

FY 2013

Annualized CR

FY 2014

Pres Budget

Changes FY12 

Enacted to 

FY14 PresBud

Enforcement

Civil Enforcement $177,290.0 $177,402.3 $177,516.0 $189,192.0 $11,902.0

Criminal Enforcement $48,123.0 $49,545.3 $48,207.0 $53,609.0 $5,486.0

Environmental Justice $6,848.0 $7,164.8 $6,895.0 $6,954.0 $106.0

NEPA Implementation $17,298.0 $16,748.9 $17,333.0 $18,087.0 $789.0

Subtotal, Enforcement $249,559.0 $250,861.3 $249,951.0 $267,842.0 $18,283.0

Geographic Programs

Great Lakes Restoration $299,520.0 $280,806.1 $304,025.0 $300,000.0 $480.0

Geographic Program: Chesapeake Bay $57,299.0 $62,297.6 $58,075.0 $72,982.0 $15,683.0

Geographic Program: San Francisco 

Bay $5,838.0 $5,901.7 $5,924.0 $4,819.0 ($1,019.0)

Geographic Program: Puget Sound $29,952.0 $29,931.6 $30,404.0 $17,150.0 ($12,802.0)

Geographic Program: Long Island 

Sound $3,956.0 $3,983.6 $4,018.0 $2,940.0 ($1,016.0)

Geographic Program: Gulf of Mexico $5,455.0 $5,434.3 $5,515.0 $4,482.0 ($973.0)

Geographic Program: South Florida $2,058.0 $1,998.0 $2,082.0 $1,704.0 ($354.0)

Geographic Program: Lake Champlain $2,395.0 $2,415.0 $2,432.0 $1,399.0 ($996.0)

Geographic Program: Other

Northwest Forest $1,294.0 $1,271.1 $1,294.0 $1,445.0 $151.0

Lake Pontchartrain $1,952.0 $1,952.0 $1,982.0 $948.0 ($1,004.0)

Community Action for a 

Renewed Environment 

(CARE) $0.0 $16.1 $0.0 $1,000.0 $1,000.0

Geographic Program: Other 

(other activities) $0.0 $15.3 $2.0 $2,000.0 $2,000.0

Subtotal, Geographic Program: Other $3,246.0 $3,254.5 $3,278.0 $5,393.0 $2,147.0

Subtotal, Geographic Programs $409,719.0 $396,022.4 $415,753.0 $410,869.0 $1,150.0

Homeland Security

Homeland Security: Communication 

and Information $4,249.0 $3,388.1 $4,275.0 $4,000.0 ($249.0)

Homeland Security: Critical 

Infrastructure Protection $1,063.0 $1,191.4 $1,077.0 $1,577.0 $514.0

Homeland Security: Preparedness, 

Response, and Recovery 

Decontamination $0.0 $300.9 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Subtotal, Homeland Security: 

Preparedness, Response, and 

Recovery $0.0 $300.9 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

93
Appropriation

Program Area

Program Project

Sub-Program Project

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2012

Actuals

FY 2013

Annualized CR

FY 2014

Pres Budget

Changes FY12 

Enacted to 

FY14 PresBud

Homeland Security: Protection of EPA 

Personnel and Infrastructure $5,966.0 $4,309.2 $6,053.0 $6,063.0 $97.0

Subtotal, Homeland Security $11,278.0 $9,189.6 $11,405.0 $11,640.0 $362.0

Information Exchange / Outreach 

Children and Other Sensitive 

Populations: Agency Coordination $7,481.0 $7,782.9 $7,553.0 $8,486.0 $1,005.0

Environmental Education $9,699.0 $10,082.2 $9,810.0 $0.0 ($9,699.0)

Congressional, Intergovernmental, 

External Relations $47,638.0 $48,673.0 $47,701.0 $53,208.0 $5,570.0

Exchange Network $17,724.0 $16,479.3 $17,930.0 $33,659.0 $15,935.0

Small Business Ombudsman $2,693.0 $2,756.4 $2,714.0 $3,131.0 $438.0

Small Minority Business Assistance $2,079.0 $2,281.1 $2,094.0 $2,289.0 $210.0

State and Local Prevention and 

Preparedness $13,320.0 $12,250.4 $13,403.0 $14,101.0 $781.0

TRI / Right to Know $16,322.0 $15,605.8 $16,469.0 $16,726.0 $404.0

Tribal - Capacity Building $13,736.0 $13,716.6 $13,775.0 $15,196.0 $1,460.0

Subtotal, Information Exchange / Outreach $130,692.0 $129,627.7 $131,449.0 $146,796.0 $16,104.0

International Programs

US Mexico Border $4,283.0 $4,410.6 $4,305.0 $4,384.0 $101.0

International Sources of Pollution $7,591.0 $7,646.0 $7,605.0 $8,543.0 $952.0

Trade and Governance $5,609.0 $6,257.2 $5,661.0 $6,284.0 $675.0

Subtotal, International Programs $17,483.0 $18,313.8 $17,571.0 $19,211.0 $1,728.0

IT / Data Management / Security

Information Security $6,786.0 $8,551.9 $6,858.0 $6,939.0 $153.0

IT / Data Management $87,939.0 $86,196.5 $88,632.0 $86,599.0 ($1,340.0)

Subtotal, IT / Data Management / Security $94,725.0 $94,748.4 $95,490.0 $93,538.0 ($1,187.0)

Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic 

Review

Administrative Law $5,198.0 $5,207.7 $5,205.0 $5,397.0 $199.0

Alternative Dispute Resolution $1,282.0 $1,476.9 $1,286.0 $1,492.0 $210.0

Civil Rights / Title VI Compliance $11,618.0 $11,639.9 $11,657.0 $14,339.0 $2,721.0

Legal Advice: Environmental Program $42,606.0 $43,393.6 $42,651.0 $44,590.0 $1,984.0

Legal Advice: Support Program $14,539.0 $15,535.4 $14,550.0 $16,413.0 $1,874.0

Regional Science and Technology $2,591.0 $2,796.8 $2,628.0 $2,970.0 $379.0

Integrated Environmental Strategies $14,754.0 $14,619.7 $14,874.0 $16,258.0 $1,504.0

94
Appropriation

Program Area

Program Project

Sub-Program Project

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2012

Actuals

FY 2013

Annualized CR

FY 2014

Pres Budget

Changes FY12 

Enacted to 

FY14 PresBud

Regulatory/Economic-Management and 

Analysis $15,256.0 $16,056.6 $15,292.0 $23,258.0 $8,002.0

Science Advisory Board $5,135.0 $4,907.2 $5,153.0 $6,761.0 $1,626.0

Subtotal, Legal / Science / Regulatory / 

Economic Review $112,979.0 $115,633.8 $113,296.0 $131,478.0 $18,499.0

Operations and Administration

Facilities Infrastructure and Operations

Rent $165,242.0 $164,997.6 $165,242.0 $171,099.0 $5,857.0

Utilities $10,105.0 $9,642.6 $10,105.0 $10,493.0 $388.0

Security $28,916.0 $27,655.2 $28,916.0 $32,643.0 $3,727.0

Facilities Infrastructure and 

Operations (other activities) $115,514.0 $107,682.4 $117,003.0 $115,681.0 $167.0

Subtotal, Facilities Infrastructure and 

Operations $319,777.0 $309,977.8 $321,266.0 $329,916.0 $10,139.0

Central Planning, Budgeting, and 

Finance $72,290.0 $75,138.2 $72,659.0 $78,506.0 $6,216.0

Acquisition Management $33,175.0 $37,238.9 $33,289.0 $33,893.0 $718.0

Financial Assistance Grants / IAG 

Management $24,002.0 $24,577.1 $24,079.0 $26,518.0 $2,516.0

Human Resources Management $37,839.0 $39,628.0 $37,927.0 $40,047.0 $2,208.0

Subtotal, Operations and Administration $487,083.0 $486,560.0 $489,220.0 $508,880.0 $21,797.0

Pesticides Licensing

Pesticides: Protect Human Health from 

Pesticide Risk $57,732.0 $56,278.0 $57,872.0 $58,400.0 $668.0

Pesticides: Protect the Environment 

from Pesticide Risk $37,704.0 $36,969.0 $37,810.0 $39,047.0 $1,343.0

Pesticides: Realize the Value of 

Pesticide Availability $12,514.0 $13,924.9 $12,554.0 $12,350.0 ($164.0)

Science Policy and Biotechnology $1,754.0 $1,635.4 $1,765.0 $1,510.0 ($244.0)

Subtotal, Pesticides Licensing $109,704.0 $108,807.3 $110,001.0 $111,307.0 $1,603.0

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 

(RCRA)

RCRA: Waste Management

eManifest $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $2,376.0 $2,376.0

RCRA: Waste Management 

(other activities) $63,500.0 $62,115.1 $63,696.0 $63,833.0 $333.0

Subtotal, RCRA: Waste Management $63,500.0 $62,115.1 $63,696.0 $66,209.0 $2,709.0

95
Appropriation

Program Area

Program Project

Sub-Program Project

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2012

Actuals

FY 2013

Annualized CR

FY 2014

Pres Budget

Changes FY12 

Enacted to 

FY14 PresBud

RCRA: Corrective Action $39,066.0 $39,160.2 $39,159.0 $40,210.0 $1,144.0

RCRA: Waste Minimization & Recycling $9,468.0 $8,918.4 $9,499.0 $9,400.0 ($68.0)

Subtotal, Resource Conservation and 

Recovery Act (RCRA) $112,034.0 $110,193.7 $112,354.0 $115,819.0 $3,785.0

Toxics Risk Review and Prevention

Endocrine Disruptors $8,255.0 $6,807.0 $8,358.0 $6,891.0 ($1,364.0)

Toxic Substances: Chemical Risk 

Review and Reduction $56,497.0 $55,235.8 $56,812.0 $62,732.0 $6,235.0

Pollution Prevention Program $15,269.0 $14,889.8 $15,333.0 $15,423.0 $154.0

Toxic Substances: Chemical Risk 

Management $5,982.0 $6,417.2 $6,004.0 $3,596.0 ($2,386.0)

Toxic Substances: Lead Risk Reduction 

Program $13,798.0 $13,404.8 $13,829.0 $14,852.0 $1,054.0

Subtotal, Toxics Risk Review and 

Prevention $99,801.0 $96,754.6 $100,336.0 $103,494.0 $3,693.0

Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST) 

LUST / UST $12,742.0 $12,925.5 $12,791.0 $12,345.0 ($397.0)

Water: Ecosystems

National Estuary Program / Coastal 

Waterways $27,014.0 $27,231.5 $27,324.0 $27,227.0 $213.0

Wetlands $21,160.0 $22,275.9 $21,197.0 $27,656.0 $6,496.0

Subtotal, Water: Ecosystems $48,174.0 $49,507.4 $48,521.0 $54,883.0 $6,709.0

Water: Human Health Protection

Beach / Fish Programs $2,552.0 $2,380.8 $2,574.0 $724.0 ($1,828.0)

Drinking Water Programs $98,547.0 $97,070.3 $98,931.0 $104,033.0 $5,486.0

Subtotal, Water: Human Health Protection $101,099.0 $99,451.1 $101,505.0 $104,757.0 $3,658.0

Water Quality Protection

Marine Pollution $12,898.0 $12,400.5 $13,003.0 $11,556.0 ($1,342.0)

Surface Water Protection $203,856.0 $207,190.3 $204,799.0 $213,302.0 $9,446.0

Subtotal, Water Quality Protection $216,754.0 $219,590.8 $217,802.0 $224,858.0 $8,104.0

Congressional Priorities

Water Quality Research and Support 

Grants $14,975.0 $14,975.0 $15,209.0 $0.0 ($14,975.0)

Total, Environmental Program & 

Management $2,678,222.0 $2,660,116.0 $2,694,613.0 $2,812,757.0 $134,535.0

96
Appropriation

Program Area

Program Project

Sub-Program Project

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2012

Actuals

FY 2013

Annualized CR

FY 2014

Pres Budget

Changes FY12 

Enacted to 

FY14 PresBud

Inspector General

Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations

Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations $41,933.0 $45,801.9 $42,189.0 $45,227.0 $3,294.0

Total, Inspector General $41,933.0 $45,801.9 $42,189.0 $45,227.0 $3,294.0

Building and Facilities

Homeland Security

Homeland Security: Protection of EPA 

Personnel and Infrastructure $7,044.0 $5,726.7 $7,087.0 $8,038.0 $994.0

Operations and Administration

Facilities Infrastructure and Operations $29,326.0 $32,434.3 $29,505.0 $46,326.0 $17,000.0

Total, Building and Facilities $36,370.0 $38,161.0 $36,592.0 $54,364.0 $17,994.0

Hazardous Substance Superfund

Indoor Air and Radiation

Radiation: Protection $2,468.0 $2,247.3 $2,465.0 $2,476.0 $8.0

Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations

Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations $9,939.0 $11,003.9 $10,000.0 $11,054.0 $1,115.0

Compliance

Compliance Monitoring $1,221.0 $1,191.0 $1,226.0 $1,182.0 ($39.0)

Enforcement

Environmental Justice $583.0 $578.5 $582.0 $601.0 $18.0

Superfund: Enforcement $165,534.0 $171,560.1 $165,229.0 $166,947.0 $1,413.0

Superfund: Federal Facilities 

Enforcement $10,296.0 $9,674.7 $10,261.0 $8,888.0 ($1,408.0)

Criminal Enforcement $7,903.0 $7,811.9 $7,888.0 $7,675.0 ($228.0)

Forensics Support $2,419.0 $2,657.2 $2,415.0 $1,169.0 ($1,250.0)

Subtotal, Enforcement $186,735.0 $192,282.4 $186,375.0 $185,280.0 ($1,455.0)

Homeland Security

Homeland Security: Preparedness, 

Response, and Recovery 

Decontamination $5,898.0 $5,870.1 $5,911.0 $5,896.0 ($2.0)

Laboratory Preparedness and 

Response $5,626.0 $5,427.9 $5,653.0 $5,645.0 $19.0

97
Appropriation

Program Area

Program Project

Sub-Program Project

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2012

Actuals

FY 2013

Annualized CR

FY 2014

Pres Budget

Changes FY12 

Enacted to 

FY14 PresBud

Homeland Security: 

Preparedness, Response, and 

Recovery (other activities) $29,021.0 $29,249.7 $29,084.0 $29,259.0 $238.0

Subtotal, Homeland Security: 

Preparedness, Response, and 

Recovery $40,545.0 $40,547.7 $40,648.0 $40,800.0 $255.0

Homeland Security: Protection of EPA 

Personnel and Infrastructure $1,170.0 $1,671.0 $1,176.0 $1,172.0 $2.0

Subtotal, Homeland Security $41,715.0 $42,218.7 $41,824.0 $41,972.0 $257.0

Information Exchange / Outreach

Exchange Network $1,431.0 $1,383.6 $1,440.0 $1,433.0 $2.0

IT / Data Management / Security

Information Security $728.0 $462.2 $732.0 $728.0 $0.0

IT / Data Management $15,339.0 $14,843.5 $15,391.0 $13,865.0 ($1,474.0)

Subtotal, IT / Data Management / Security $16,067.0 $15,305.7 $16,123.0 $14,593.0 ($1,474.0)

Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic 

Review

Alternative Dispute Resolution $844.0 $828.6 $847.0 $792.0 ($52.0)

Legal Advice: Environmental Program $682.0 $722.3 $680.0 $708.0 $26.0

Subtotal, Legal / Science / Regulatory / 

Economic Review $1,526.0 $1,550.9 $1,527.0 $1,500.0 ($26.0)

Operations and Administration

Facilities Infrastructure and Operations

Rent $46,797.0 $44,948.5 $46,595.0 $45,464.0 ($1,333.0)

Utilities $3,760.0 $2,984.7 $3,744.0 $3,196.0 ($564.0)

Security $8,269.0 $7,849.8 $8,233.0 $9,130.0 $861.0

Facilities Infrastructure and 

Operations (other activities) $21,715.0 $19,767.6 $21,899.0 $20,361.0 ($1,354.0)

Subtotal, Facilities Infrastructure and 

Operations $80,541.0 $75,550.6 $80,471.0 $78,151.0 ($2,390.0)

Financial Assistance Grants / IAG 

Management $3,128.0 $3,198.9 $3,121.0 $3,169.0 $41.0

Acquisition Management $24,111.0 $24,841.5 $24,067.0 $24,339.0 $228.0

Human Resources Management $6,346.0 $3,938.4 $6,344.0 $7,585.0 $1,239.0

Central Planning, Budgeting, and 

Finance $21,632.0 $26,165.5 $21,599.0 $24,284.0 $2,652.0

Subtotal, Operations and Administration $135,758.0 $133,694.9 $135,602.0 $137,528.0 $1,770.0

98
Appropriation

Program Area

Program Project

Sub-Program Project

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2012

Actuals

FY 2013

Annualized CR

FY 2014

Pres Budget

Changes FY12 

Enacted to 

FY14 PresBud

Research: Sustainable Communities

Research: Sustainable and Healthy 

Communities $17,757.0 $19,395.7 $17,852.0 $18,243.0 $486.0

Research: Chemical Safety and 

Sustainability

Human Health Risk Assessment $3,311.0 $3,918.2 $3,330.0 $3,197.0 ($114.0)

Superfund Cleanup

Superfund: Emergency Response and 

Removal $189,590.0 $200,976.9 $190,248.0 $187,826.0 ($1,764.0)

Superfund: EPA Emergency 

Preparedness $9,244.0 $9,919.3 $9,236.0 $8,150.0 ($1,094.0)

Superfund: Federal Facilities $26,199.0 $28,356.6 $26,188.0 $26,866.0 $667.0

Superfund: Remedial $564,998.0 $639,016.1 $566,889.0 $539,074.0 ($25,924.0)

Superfund: Support to Other Federal 

Agencies $5,849.0 $5,849.0 $5,881.0 $0.0 ($5,849.0)

Subtotal, Superfund Cleanup $795,880.0 $884,117.9 $798,442.0 $761,916.0 ($33,964.0)

Total, Hazardous Substance Superfund $1,213,808.0 $1,308,310.2 $1,216,206.0 $1,180,374.0 ($33,434.0)

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

Enforcement

Civil Enforcement $789.0 $678.7 $789.0 $816.0 $27.0

Operations and Administration

Facilities Infrastructure and Operations

Rent $695.0 $695.0 $695.0 $636.0 ($59.0)

Facilities Infrastructure and 

Operations (other activities) $220.0 $182.0 $221.0 $203.0 ($17.0)

Subtotal, Facilities Infrastructure and 

Operations $915.0 $877.0 $916.0 $839.0 ($76.0)

Acquisition Management $163.0 $170.6 $164.0 $152.0 ($11.0)

Central Planning, Budgeting, and 

Finance $512.0 $416.3 $512.0 $414.0 ($98.0)

Subtotal, Operations and Administration $1,590.0 $1,463.9 $1,592.0 $1,405.0 ($185.0)

Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST)

LUST / UST $11,962.0 $12,542.3 $11,991.0 $10,195.0 ($1,767.0)

99
Appropriation

Program Area

Program Project

Sub-Program Project

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2012

Actuals

FY 2013

Annualized CR

FY 2014

Pres Budget

Changes FY12 

Enacted to 

FY14 PresBud

LUST Cooperative Agreements $58,956.0 $59,968.0 $59,355.0 $57,402.0 ($1,554.0)

LUST Prevention $30,449.0 $31,193.8 $30,655.0 $28,926.0 ($1,523.0)

Subtotal, Underground Storage Tanks 

(LUST / UST) $101,367.0 $103,704.1 $102,001.0 $96,523.0 ($4,844.0)

Research: Sustainable Communities

Research: Sustainable and Healthy 

Communities $396.0 $338.8 $397.0 $498.0 $102.0

Total, Leaking Underground Storage 

Tanks $104,142.0 $106,185.5 $104,779.0 $99,242.0 ($4,900.0)

Inland Oil Spill Programs

Compliance

Compliance Monitoring $138.0 $122.5 $138.0 $142.0 $4.0

Enforcement

Civil Enforcement $2,286.0 $2,514.1 $2,289.0 $2,955.0 $669.0

Oil

Oil Spill: Prevention, Preparedness and 

Response $14,673.0 $15,231.7 $14,768.0 $17,068.0 $2,395.0

Operations and Administration

Facilities Infrastructure and Operations

Rent $437.0 $436.7 $437.0 $426.0 ($11.0)

Facilities Infrastructure and 

Operations (other activities) $98.0 $75.5 $98.0 $83.0 ($15.0)

Subtotal, Facilities Infrastructure and 

Operations $535.0 $512.2 $535.0 $509.0 ($26.0)

Subtotal, Operations and Administration $535.0 $512.2 $535.0 $509.0 ($26.0)

Research: Sustainable Communities

Research: Sustainable and Healthy 

Communities $613.0 $1,051.7 $626.0 $594.0 ($19.0)

Total, Inland Oil Spill $18,245.0 $19,432.2 $18,356.0 $21,268.0 $3,023.0

State and Tribal Assistance Grants

State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)

Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water 

SRF $1,466,456.0 $1,682,041.2 $1,465,370.0 $1,095,000.0 ($371,456.0)

Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking 

Water SRF $917,892.0 $1,199,237.2 $923,509.0 $817,000.0 ($100,892.0)

100
Appropriation

Program Area

Program Project

Sub-Program Project

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2012

Actuals

FY 2013

Annualized CR

FY 2014

Pres Budget

Changes FY12 

Enacted to 

FY14 PresBud

Infrastructure Assistance: Alaska Native 

Villages $9,984.0 $9,984.0 $9,984.0 $10,000.0 $16.0

Brownfields Projects $94,848.0 $98,783.8 $89,848.0 $85,000.0 ($9,848.0)

Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant 

Program $29,952.0 $32,138.2 $24,952.0 $6,000.0 ($23,952.0)

Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico 

Border $4,992.0 $4,992.0 $0.0 $5,000.0 $8.0

Subtotal, State and Tribal Assistance 

Grants (STAG) $2,524,124.0 $3,027,176.4 $2,513,663.0 $2,018,000.0 ($506,124.0)

Categorical Grants

Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection $9,864.0 $10,887.1 $9,681.0 $0.0 ($9,864.0)

Categorical Grant: Brownfields $49,317.0 $50,147.2 $48,398.0 $47,572.0 ($1,745.0)

Categorical Grant: Environmental 

Information $9,964.0 $11,233.4 $9,779.0 $21,564.0 $11,600.0

Categorcial Grant: Evidence-Based 

Enforcement Grants $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $4,000.0 $4,000.0

Categorical Grant: Hazardous Waste 

Financial Assistance $102,974.0 $103,596.8 $101,059.0 $102,974.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Lead $14,512.0 $15,418.5 $14,242.0 $14,512.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Nonpoint Source 

(Sec. 319) $164,493.0 $173,332.4 $168,738.0 $164,493.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Pesticides 

Enforcement $18,644.0 $19,339.8 $18,298.0 $18,644.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Pesticides Program 

Implementation $13,119.0 $14,897.1 $13,119.0 $13,119.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Pollution Control 

(Sec. 106)

Monitoring Grants $18,433.0 $29,050.2 $18,090.0 $18,500.0 $67.0

Categorical Grant: Pollution 

Control (Sec. 106) (other 

activities) $219,970.0 $224,802.8 $215,881.0 $240,164.0 $18,194.0

Subtotal, Categorical Grant: Pollution 

Control (Sec. 106) $238,403.0 $253,853.0 $233,971.0 $258,664.0 $20,261.0

Categorical Grant: Pollution Prevention $4,922.0 $5,292.9 $4,834.0 $4,922.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Public Water System 

Supervision (PWSS) $105,320.0 $108,645.2 $103,362.0 $109,700.0 $4,380.0

Categorical Grant: Radon $8,045.0 $8,614.0 $7,895.0 $0.0 ($8,045.0)

Categorical Grant: State and Local Air 

Quality Management $235,729.0 $245,859.2 $231,346.0 $257,229.0 $21,500.0

Categorical Grant: Targeted 

Watersheds $0.0 $359.9 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances 

Compliance $5,081.0 $6,036.7 $4,986.0 $5,081.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality 

Management $13,252.0 $13,870.1 $13,005.0 $13,252.0 $0.0

101
Appropriation

Program Area

Program Project

Sub-Program Project

FY 2012

Enacted

FY 2012

Actuals

FY 2013

Annualized CR

FY 2014

Pres Budget

Changes FY12 

Enacted to 

FY14 PresBud

Categorical Grant: Tribal General 

Assistance Program $67,631.0 $71,754.0 $66,374.0 $72,631.0 $5,000.0

Categorical Grant: Underground 

Injection Control (UIC) $10,852.0 $10,655.3 $10,650.0 $10,852.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Underground 

Storage Tanks $1,548.0 $1,639.6 $1,519.0 $1,490.0 ($58.0)

Categorical Grant: Wastewater 

Operator Training $0.0 $80.4 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program 

Development $15,143.0 $17,528.3 $14,862.0 $15,143.0 $0.0

Subtotal, Categorical Grants $1,088,813.0 $1,143,040.9 $1,076,118.0 $1,135,842.0 $47,029.0

Congressional Priorities

Congressionally Mandated Projects $0.0 $68,306.4 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Total, State and Tribal Assistance Grants $3,612,937.0 $4,238,523.7 $3,589,781.0 $3,153,842.0 ($459,095.0)

Hazardous Waste Electronic Manifest 

System Fund

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 

(RCRA)

RCRA: Waste Management $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $2,000.0 $2,000.0

Total, Hazardous Waste Electronic 

Manifest System Fund $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $2,000.0 $2,000.0

Rescission of Prior Year Funds ($50,000.0) $0.0 $0.0** $0.0 $50,000.0

SUB-TOTAL, EPA $8,449,385.0 $9,211,925.3 $8,501,102.0 $8,153,000.0 ($296,385.0)

Recovery Act Resources $0.0 $6,038.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Sandy Supplemental $0.0 $0.0 $607,725.0 $0.0 $0.0

TOTAL, EPA $8,449,385.0 $9,217,963.3 $9,108,827.0 $8,153,000.0 ($296,385.0)

*For ease of comparison, Superfund transfer resources for the audit and research functions are shown in the Superfund account. 

**Due to requirements for sequester calculations, under 2013 annualized CR, rescissions of $49,992 have been included in appropriation 

line totals.

NOTE: FY 2013 Annualized CR as of March 25, 2013.

102
NPM / Grant

FY 2012 

Enacted

FY 2012 

Actuals

FY 2013 

Ann. CR

FY 2014 

PresBud

Delta 

FY 14 PB - 

FY 12 EN % Change

Air & Radiation

State and Local Air Quality Management $235,729 $245,859 $231,346 $257,229 $21,500 9.1%

Tribal Air Quality Management $13,252 $13,870 $13,005 $13,252 $0 0.0%

Radon $8,045 $8,614 $7,895 $0 ($8,045) -100.0%

$257,026 $268,343 $252,246 $270,481 $13,455 5.2%

Water

Pollution Control (Sec. 106) $238,403 $253,853 $233,971 $258,664 $20,261 8.5%

Beaches Protection $9,864 $10,887 $9,681 $0 ($9,864) -100.0%

Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319) $164,493 $173,332 $168,738 $164,493 $0 0.0%

Wetlands Program Development $15,143 $17,528 $14,862 $15,143 $0 0.0%

Targeted Watersheds $0 $360 $0 $0 $0 0.0%

Wastewater Operator Training $0 $80 $0 $0 $0 0.0%

$427,903 $456,041 $427,252 $438,300 $10,397 2.4%

Drinking Water

Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) $105,320 $108,645 $103,362 $109,700 $4,380 4.2%

Underground Injection Control (UIC) $10,852 $10,655 $10,650 $10,852 $0 0.0%

$116,172 $119,301 $114,012 $120,552 $4,380 3.8%

Hazardous Waste

Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance $102,974 $103,597 $101,059 $102,974 $0 0.0%

Brownfields $49,317 $50,147 $48,398 $47,572 ($1,745) -3.5%

Underground Storage Tanks $1,548 $1,640 $1,519 $1,490 ($58) -3.7%

$153,839 $155,384 $150,976 $152,036 ($1,803) -1.2%

Pesticides & Toxics

Pesticides Program Implementation $13,119 $14,897 $13,119 $13,119 $0 0.0%

Lead $14,512 $15,419 $14,242 $14,512 $0 0.0%

Toxics Substances Compliance $5,081 $6,037 $4,986 $5,081 $0 0.0%

Pesticides Enforcement $18,644 $19,340 $18,298 $18,644 $0 0.0%

$51,356 $55,692 $50,645 $51,356 $0 0.0%

Multimedia

Environmental Information $9,964 $11,233 $9,779 $21,564 $11,600 116.4%

Pollution Prevention $4,922 $5,293 $4,834 $4,922 $0 0.0%

Tribal General Assistance Program $67,631 $71,754 $66,374 $72,631 $5,000 7.4%

Evidence-Based Enforcement Grants $0 $0 $0 $4,000 $4,000 0.0%

$82,517 $88,280 $80,987 $103,117 $20,600 25.0%

Total Categorical Grants $1,088,813 $1,143,041 $1,076,118 $1,135,842 $47,029 4.3%

NOTES: 1) Actuals refer to Actual Obligations. 2) FY 2013 CR as March 25, 2013 excludes Hurricane Sandy Relief supplemental appropriation of 

$608 million.

103
104
Categorical Grants Program (STAG)

(Dollars in millions)

*Does not account for rescissions or cancellations. 

*EN – Enacted, CR – Annualized Continuing Resolution, PB – President’s Budget

NOTE: FY 2013 CR as of March 25, 2013.

Categorical Grants

In FY 2014, the EPA requests a total of $1.136 billion for 18 “categorical” program 

grants for state, interstate organizations, non-profit organizations, intertribal consortia, 

and Tribal governments. The EPA will continue to pursue its strategy of building and 

supporting state, local, and Tribal capacity to implement, operate, and enforce the 

nation’s environmental laws. Most environmental laws envision establishment of a 

decentralized nationwide structure to protect public health and the environment. In this 

way, environmental goals will ultimately be achieved through the actions, programs, and 

commitments of state, Tribal, and local governments, organizations, and citizens. 

Also, to strengthen grants management, the EPA, working with the states, has issued a 

new policy that replaces the State Grant Performance Measures Template. The policy is 

intended to 1) enhance accountability for achieving grant performance objectives; 2) 

ensure that State grants are aligned with the Agency’s Strategic Plan; and 3) provide for 

more consistent performance reporting. To achieve those objectives, the policy requires 

that state categorical grant workplans and associated progress reports prominently 

display three “Essential Elements: the EPA Strategic Plan Goal; the EPA Strategic Plan 

Objective; and workplan commitments plus time frame. Regions and states transitioned

to the new policy in FY 2012 with the goal of 100 percent compliance for all grants 

awarded on or after October 1, 2012.

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

$1,400

2004 

EN

2005 

EN

2006 

EN

2007 

EN

2008 

EN

2009 

EN

2010 

EN

2011 

EN

2012 

EN

2013 

CR

2014 

PB

$1,168 $1,137 $1,113 $1,113 $1,078 $1,095 $1,116 $1,104 $1,089 $1,076 $1,136 

105
In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to offer flexibility to state and Tribal governments to 

manage their environmental programs as well as provide technical and financial 

assistance to achieve mutual environmental goals. First, the EPA and its state and 

Tribal partners will continue implementing the National Environmental Performance 

Partnership System (NEPPS). NEPPS is designed to allow states more flexibility to 

operate their programs, while increasing emphasis on measuring and reporting 

environmental improvements. Second, Performance Partnership Grants (PPGs) will 

continue to allow states and tribes funding flexibility to combine categorical program 

grants to address environmental priorities.

HIGHLIGHTS:

State & Local Air Quality Management, Radon, and Tribal Air Quality 

Management Grants

The FY 2014 request includes $270.5 million for grants to support state, local, and 

Tribal air management programs, an increase of $21.5 million from the FY 2012 

Enacted Budget. Grant funds for State and Local Air Quality Management and Tribal Air 

Quality Management are requested in the amounts of $257.2 million and $13.3 million, 

respectively. These funds provide resources to multi-state, state, local, and Tribal air 

pollution control agencies for the development and implementation of programs for the 

prevention and control of air pollution and for the implementation of National Ambient 

Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) set to protect public health and the environment. In FY 

2014, the EPA will continue to work with state and local air pollution control agencies to 

develop or implement state implementation plans (SIPs) for NAAQS (including the 8-

hour ozone standard, the fine particle (PM-2.5) standard, and the lead standard) and 

also for regional haze. In addition, the EPA will continue support of state and local 

operation of the 27-site National Air Toxics Trends Stations network. In FY 2014, states 

with approved or delegated permitting programs will continue to implement new 

greenhouse gas requirements as part of their permitting programs. 

The EPA will work with federally-recognized Tribal governments nationwide to continue 

development and implementation of Tribal air quality management programs. Tribes are 

active in protection of air quality for the 4 percent of the land mass of the United States 

over which they have sovereignty and work closely with the EPA to monitor and report 

air quality information from over 300 monitors. Lastly, the FY 2014 budget eliminates 

funding for the State Indoor Radon Grant (SIRG) program. The SIRG program was 

authorized in 1988 to provide financial assistance to States to develop, implement and 

enhance state capacity for reducing radon risk. Now that most states have indoor radon 

programs in place, EPA will narrow support to States to technical assistance alone and 

eliminate financial assistance provided under the SIRG program. 

106
Water Pollution Control (Clean Water Act Section 106) Grants

The FY 2014 EPA request includes $258.7 million for Water Pollution Control grants. 

The $20.3 million increase will strengthen the state, interstate and Tribal water quality 

programs. These water quality programs assist state and Tribal efforts to restore and 

maintain the quality of the nation’s waters by strengthening water quality standards, 

improving water quality monitoring and assessment, implementing Total Maximum Daily 

Loads (TMDLs) and other watershed-related plans, strengthening the National Pollutant 

Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program and implementing practices to 

reduce pollution from all nonpoint sources. EPA will provide $15.0 million of Section 106 

funds to support states, interstate agencies and tribes that commit to strengthening their 

nutrient management efforts consistent with EPA Water Program guidance issued in 

March 2011, including the development of numeric nutrient criteria. In FY 2014, $3.4 

million is directed to E-Enterprise to support the states’ efforts to enhance effectiveness 

of electronic reporting and the automation of screening, analysis, visualization, and 

reporting of water quality data to support priority setting, resource allocation for 

protection and restoration activities, and public accountability. The EPA will work with 

states to implement the rules governing discharges from Concentrated Animal Feeding 

Operations (CAFOs) and will continue to revise the stormwater regulations to better 

protect the nation’s waters from stormwater discharges. The EPA also will work with 

states as they implement individual and general pesticide permit programs. 

States and authorized tribes will continue to review and update their water quality 

standards as required by the Clean Water Act. The EPA encourages states to 

continually review and update the water quality criteria in their standards to reflect the 

latest scientific information from the EPA and other sources. The EPA’s goal for FY 

2014 is that 66.1 percent of states will have updated their standards to reflect the latest 

scientific information in the past three years. In FY 2014, EPA requests $18.5 million for 

monitoring to continue to be designated for states and tribes that participate in collecting 

statistically valid water monitoring data and implement enhancements in their water 

monitoring programs. 

Wetlands Grants

In FY 2014, the request includes $15.1 million for Wetlands Program grants, which 

provide technical and financial assistance to the states, tribes, and local governments. 

These grants support development of state and Tribal wetland programs that further the 

national goal of an overall increase in the acreage and condition of wetlands. The 

Wetland Program Development Grants are the EPA’s primary resource for supporting 

state and Tribal wetland program development. Grants are used to develop new or 

refine existing state and Tribal wetland programs in one or more of the following areas: 

(1) monitoring and assessment; (2) voluntary restoration and protection; (3) regulatory 

programs including Section 401 certification; and (4) wetland water quality standards. 

107
Public Water System Supervision Grants

In FY 2014, the EPA requests $109.7 million for Public Water System Supervision 

(PWSS) grants. These grants provide assistance to implement and enforce National 

Primary Drinking Water Regulations to ensure the safety of the Nation's drinking water 

resources and to protect public health. In FY 2014, the EPA is requesting an increase in 

funding within the PWSS program to replace the state-operated Safe Drinking Water 

Information System (SDWIS/State). The SDWIS Next Generation (“Next-Gen”) project 

is an effort to replace the current drinking water program information system with a webbased system. The system is fundamental to ensuring the effective management of the 

PWSS program and protection of public health. Through Next-Gen’s improvements, 

states will be able to manage their PWSS programs more efficiently and better target 

resources (e.g., increase field presence) to assist public water systems to attain and 

maintain compliance with the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. The 

improved system should also decrease costs that states currently have to maintain 

individual data systems so they can utilize those funds to provide additional technical 

assistance to systems in non-compliance and most in need, including those serving less 

than 10,000 people. 

Underground Injection Control (UIC) Grants

In FY 2014, the EPA requests $10.9 million for the Underground Injection Control grants 

program. Ensuring safe underground injection of waste materials and other fluids is a 

main component of a comprehensive source water protection program. Grants are 

provided to states that have primary enforcement authority (primacy) to implement and 

maintain UIC programs. In December 2010, a rule was finalized which established a 

new class of underground injection well—Class VI—with new federal requirements to 

allow the injection of CO2 for the purpose of Geologic Sequestration (GS). On 

September 15, 2011, the EPA published a notice in the Federal Register indicating that 

the EPA will implement the Class VI GS program as no state has applied for, or 

received, approval for Class VI primacy either through a state UIC program revision, or 

a new application from states without any UIC primary enforcement authority. 

Therefore, in FY 2014, until states receive Class VI primacy approval, the EPA will 

continue to carry out regulatory functions for Class VI geologic sequestration wells in 

most states, along with other classes of wells for which the EPA has direct 

implementation responsibility. The EPA will continue to process primacy applications 

and permit applications for carbon sequestration projects related to Class VI wells. 

States and the EPA also will process Underground Injection Control permits for other 

nontraditional injection streams such as desalination brines and treated waters injected 

for storage and recovered at a later time. 

Non-Point Source Program Grants (NPS – Clean Water Act Section 319)

In FY 2014, the EPA requests $164.5 million for Nonpoint Source Program grants to 

states, territories, and tribes. These grants enable states to use a range of tools to 

implement their programs including: both non-regulatory and regulatory programs, 

108
technical assistance, financial assistance, education, training, technology transfer, and 

demonstration projects. The request also eliminates, for FY 2014, the statutory one-third 

of one-percent cap on Clean Water Act Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution grants 

that may be awarded to tribes. In 2014, the EPA and the USDA will work collaboratively 

in high priority, focused watersheds to address agricultural nonpoint source pollution.

The goal of our collaboration is to coordinate agency efforts, thereby increasing 

conservation on the ground to better protect water resources from nonpoint sources of 

pollution, including nitrogen and phosphorus.

Tribal General Assistance Program Grants 

In FY 2014, the EPA requests $72.6 million in General Assistance Program (GAP) 

grants to provide tribes with a stronger foundation to build their capacity to address 

environmental issues on Indian lands. It will further the EPA’s partnership and 

collaboration with tribes to address a wider set of program responsibilities and 

challenges. The grants will assist Tribal governments in building environmental capacity 

to assess environmental conditions, utilize available federal and other information, and 

build and administer environmental programs tailored to their needs. This additional 

funding will increase the average cost of grants made to eligible tribes and focus on 

mutually agreed-upon concerns in Indian country.

Pesticide Enforcement and Toxics Substances Compliance Grants

The FY 2014 request includes $23.7 million to build environmental enforcement 

partnerships with states and tribes and to strengthen their ability to address 

environmental and public health threats. The enforcement state grants request consists 

of $18.6 million for Pesticides Enforcement and $5.1 million for Toxic Substances 

Compliance Grants. The Toxic Substance Compliance Grants protect the public and the 

environment from PCBs, asbestos, and lead-based paint. State and Tribal enforcement 

grants will be awarded to assist in the implementation of compliance and enforcement 

provisions of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and the Federal Insecticide, 

Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). These grants support state and Tribal

compliance activities to protect the environment from harmful chemicals and pesticides.

Under the Pesticides Enforcement Grant program, the EPA provides resources to states 

and Indian tribes to conduct FIFRA compliance inspections and take appropriate 

enforcement actions and implement programs for farm worker protection. The program 

also sponsors training for state and Tribal inspectors through the Pesticide Inspector 

Residential Program (PIRT) and for state and Tribal managers through the Pesticide 

Regulatory Education Program (PREP). Under the Toxic Substances Compliance Grant 

program, “non-waiver” states inspect on behalf of the EPA and receive funding for 

compliance inspections of asbestos and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and "waiver" 

states inspect under their own regulations and receive funding for compliance 

inspections and enforcement of the asbestos program. States also receive funding for 

implementation of the state lead-based paint certification and training, abatement 

notification and work practice standards compliance and enforcement program. The 

109
funds will complement other Federal program grants for building state capacity for lead 

abatement, and enhancing compliance with disclosure, certification, and training 

requirements. 

Pesticides Program Implementation Grants

The FY 2014 request includes $13.1 million for Pesticides Program Implementation 

grants. These resources will assist states, tribes, and partners with pesticide worker 

safety activities, protection of endangered species and water sources, and promotion of 

environmental stewardship approaches to pesticide use. The EPA’s mission as related 

to pesticides is to protect human health and the environment from pesticide risk and to 

realize the value of pesticide availability by considering the economic, social, and 

environmental costs and benefits of the use of pesticides. Pesticides Program 

Implementation Grants help state programs stay current with changing requirements.

Lead Grants

The FY 2014 request includes $14.5 million for lead grants. This funding will provide 

assistance to states, territories, the District of Columbia, and tribes to develop and 

implement authorized programs for the lead-based paint abatement program to operate 

in lieu of the federal program. Additionally, the program will provide support to those 

entities to develop and implement authorized Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP) 

Programs. The EPA implements these programs in all areas of the country that are not 

authorized to do so. Activities conducted as part of this program include accrediting 

training programs, certifying individuals and firms, and providing education and 

compliance assistance to those subject to the abatement and RRP regulations and the 

general public. 

The EPA recognizes that additional attention and assistance must be given to 

vulnerable populations including those with rates of lead poisoning in excess of the 

national average. In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to award Targeted Grants to 

Reduce Childhood Lead Poisoning. These grants are available to a wide range of 

applicants, including state and local governments, Federally-recognized Indian tribes 

and intertribal consortia, territories, institutions of higher learning, and nonprofit 

organizations. Funding in this program also is used to track the disparities in blood lead 

levels between low-income children and non-low-income children. The program uses 

the data collected to track progress toward eliminating childhood lead poisoning in these 

vulnerable populations.

Pollution Prevention Grants

The FY 2014 request includes $4.9 million for Pollution Prevention grants. The program 

provides grant funds to deliver technical assistance to specific sectors and to address 

priority environmental problems aimed at reducing hazardous materials and hazardous 

pollution. The goal is to assist businesses and industries with identifying improved 

environmental strategies and solutions for reducing waste at the source. The program 

110
demonstrates that source reduction can be a cost-effective way of meeting or exceeding 

Federal and state regulatory requirements. In FY 2014, the EPA is targeting a reduction 

of 1.5 billion pounds of hazardous materials, saving $695.8 million, conserving 24.1 

billion gallons of water, and reducing 3.84 million metric tons of carbon dioxide 

equivalents. 

Environmental Information Grants

In FY 2014, the EPA requests $21.6 million for the Environmental Information Exchange 

Network (EN) grant program. These resources will help states establish and expand 

data systems and networks to support the exchange of regulatory, compliance, and 

non-regulatory data between the EPA and its state, Tribal, and territorial partners. The 

request level will enable partners to complete development work for reporting to priority 

data systems, expand the Network to include other agency data systems, develop 

services to support EPA, co-regulator and public access to data, and develop and 

maintain shared tools and services. Grant funding will support multi-partner projects to 

plan, mentor and train EN partners and develop and exchange data. In addition, funding 

will expand Tribal participation in the EN and continue to leverage grant resources by 

funding Tribal partnerships that seek to build the information management capacity and

fund Tribal data exchanges using cloud-based nodes. As part of the agency’s EEnterprise initiative, in FY 2014, the EPA requests $11.6 million in funding for our state, 

local and Tribal partners to convert and build integrated data systems that will reduce 

paperwork and regulatory reporting burden on industry and improve services for the 

regulated community and the public. Grants will be used to assist with the development 

of interactive and shared solutions that facilitate electronic reporting of compliance data

(e.g. NPDES electronic reporting), and outreach and support for states, tribes, and other 

government partners. This work will build off the successful state/EPA collaboration with 

the Environmental Information Exchange Network, a partnership which is enabling the 

exchange and sharing of critical environmental data, leading to enhanced analysis of 

environmental conditions and improved decision making.

State and Tribal Underground Storage Tanks Program

The FY 2014 request includes $1.5 million for Underground Storage Tank (UST) grants.

In FY 2014, the EPA will make grants to states under Section 2007 of the Solid Waste 

Disposal Act, available to support core program activities as well as the leak prevention 

activities under Title XV, Subtitle B of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct).

In FY 2014, the EPA will continue to focus attention on the need to bring all UST 

systems into compliance with release detection and release prevention requirements 

and continue to implement the provisions of the EPAct. States will continue to use the 

UST categorical grant funding to implement their leak prevention and detection 

programs. Specifically, with these UST categorical grants, states will fund such activities 

as: seeking state program approval to operate the UST program in lieu of the Federal 

program, approving specific technologies to detect leaks from tanks, ensuring that tank 

111
owners and operators are complying with notification and other requirements, ensuring 

equipment compatibility, conducting inspections, and implementing operator training. 

Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance Grants

In FY 2014, the EPA requests approximately $103.0 million for Hazardous Waste 

Financial Assistance grants. Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance grants are used for 

the implementation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous 

waste program, which includes permitting, authorization, waste minimization, 

enforcement, and corrective action activities. In FY 2014, the EPA will work with states 

to meet the annual target of 100 hazardous waste facilities with new or updated 

controls.

 

By the end of FY 2014, the EPA and the authorized states also will control human 

exposures to contamination at 90 percent of the 2020 universe of 3,747 facilities that 

may need cleanup under the RCRA Corrective Action Program. The EPA also will 

control migration of contaminated groundwater at 80 percent of these facilities and 

complete the construction of final remedies at 57 percent of these facilities.

Brownfields Grants

In FY 2014, the EPA requests $47.6 million for the Brownfields grant program that 

provides assistance to states and tribes to develop and enhance their state and Tribal 

Brownfields response programs. This funding will help states and tribes develop 

legislation, regulations, procedures, and guidance, to establish or enhance the 

administrative and legal structure of their response programs.

Evidence-Based Enforcement Grants

In FY 2014, the EPA requests $4.0 million for the new Evidence-Based Enforcement

and Compliance grants program. This program will provide assistance to states to 

develop innovative approaches for enforcement and compliance and collect data to 

assess and measure the effectiveness of these new ideas. These grants will build state 

capacity for collecting, using, and sharing enforcement and compliance data, and for 

determining the most efficient and effective practices for improving compliance. 

Evaluation of new approaches will help to determine those most promising for potential 

expansion and replication.

112
Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) Resources 

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) Resources 

State-by-State distribution of Actual and Estimated Obligations 

Fiscal Years 2012 to 2014 – Dollars in Thousands

The following tables show state-by-state distribution of resources for EPA’s two largest State 

and Tribal Grant Programs, the Clean Water State Revolving Fund and the Drinking Water State 

Revolving Fund. These tables do not reflect total resources that EPA provides to individual

states. 

113
Infrastructure Assistance: 

Clean Water State Revolving Fund (SRF)

(Dollars in Thousands) 

FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

STATE

ACT. 

OBLIG.

CR EST. 

OBLIG.

EST. 

OBLIG.

Alabama $32,474.0 $15,960.0 $11,999.0

Alaska $8,543.7 $8,543.0 $6,423.0

American Samoa $7,734.0 $7,732.0 $5,814.0

Arizona $15,775.7 $9,641.0 $7,248.0

Arkansas $9,341.1 $9,337.0 $7,020.0

California $104,838.5 $102,083.0 76,749.0

Colorado $11,305.0 $11,416.0 $8,584.0

Connecticut $35,623.2 $17,486.0 $13,146.0

Delaware $34,058.2 $7,007.0 $5,268.0

District of Columbia $17,010.0 $7,007.0 $5,268.0

Florida $48,189.0 $48,180.0 $36,223.0

Georgia $24,137.0 $24,133.0 $18,144.0

Guam $7,044.5 $5,595.0 $4,207.0

Hawaii $11,057.0 $11,055.0 $8,311.0

Idaho $7,008.0 $7,007.0 $5,268.0

Illinois $65,240.0 $64,554.0 $48,533.0

Indiana $34,392.3 $34,399.0 $25,862.0

Iowa $39,208.8 $19,317.0 $14,524.0

Kansas $12,886.0 $12,884.0 $9,686.0

Kentucky $18,169.0 $18,166.0 $13,658.0

Louisiana $32,560.0 $15,691.0 $11,797.0

Maine $11,051.0 $11,049.0 $8,307.0

Maryland $34,528.0 $34,521.0 $25,954.0

Massachusetts $48,488.3 $48,461.0 $36,434.0

Michigan $61,384.0 $61,373.0 $46,142.0

Minnesota $26,239.0 $26,234.0 $19,724.0

Mississippi $129.0 $12,860.0 $9,668.0

Missouri $80,443.5 $39,568.0 $29,749.00 

Montana $7,122.0 $7,007.0 $5,268.0

Nebraska $7,275.6 $7,301.0 $5,489.0

Nevada $7,008.0 $7,007.0 $5,268.0

New Hampshire $14,268.1 $14,263.0 $10,724.0

New Jersey $57,755.0 $58,327.0 $43,852.0

New Mexico $16,753.2 $7,007.0 $5,268.0

New York $162,068.7 $157,544.0 $118,445.0

North Carolina $26,908.0 $25,760.0 $19,367.0

North Dakota $14,130.0 $7,007.0 $5,268.0

Northern Mariana Islands $3,595.0 $3,604.0 $2,702.0

Ohio $80,368.0 $80,353.0 $60,412.0

Oklahoma $19,067.0 $11,532.0 $8,670.0

Oregon $16,127.0 $16,124.0 $12,122.0

Pennsylvania $56,549.0 $56,539.0 $42,508.0

Puerto Rico $38,074.0 $18,616.0 $13,996.0

Rhode Island $9,586.0 $9,584.0 $7,206.0

South Carolina $15,273.0 $14,622.0 $10,993.0

South Dakota $7,108.0 $7,007.0 $5,268.0

Tennessee $20,738.0 $20,735.0 $15,589.0

Texas 65,414.2 $65,237.0 $49,048.0

Utah $7,522.0 $7,520.0 $5,654.0

Vermont $7,008.0 $7,007.0 $5,268.0

Virgin Islands, U.S. $4,781.0 $4,488.0 $3,374.0

Virginia $29,216.0 $29,211.0 $21,962.0

Washington $24,826.0 $24,821.0 $18,662.0

West Virginia $22,254.0 $22,250.0 $16,728.0

Wisconsin $78,515.0 $38,588.0 $29,011.0

Wyoming $7,014.3 $7,007.0 $5,268.0

Tribal Resources $16,859.3 $29,129.0 21,900.0

Undistributed National Resources $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

TOTAL: $1,682,041.2 $1,456,456.0 $1,095,000.0

Notes: State-by-state figures for the FY 2013 Annualized CR level correspond with FY 2012 funding levels, and do not match funding totals listed elsewhere in 

 the BIB or in the FY 2014 Analytical Perspectives.

 FY 2013 Estimated Obligations do not include the five percent reduction due to the sequester. 

114
Infrastructure Assistance:

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (SRF)

(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

STATE

ACT. 

OBLIG.

CR EST. 

OBLIG.

EST. 

OBLIG.1

Alabama $22,799.0 $11,125.0 $9,899.0

Alaska $9,001.1 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

American Samoa $1,447.2 $1,360.0 $1,210.0

Arizona $22,181.2 $18,026.0 $16,040.0

Arkansas $27,834.0 $13,582.0 $12,086.0

California $85,058.1 $83,957.0 $74,702.0

Colorado $16,186.0 $15,920.0 $14,166.0

Connecticut $18,393.0 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

Delaware $9,125.0 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

District of Columbia $18,757.9 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

Florida $29,306.0 $29,306.0 $26,077.0

Georgia $46,793.2 $21,208.0 $18,872.0

Guam $3,018.2 $3,398.0 $3,023.0

Hawaii $9,125.0 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

Idaho $9,080.8 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

Illinois $33,879.0 $33,879.0 $30,146.0

Indiana $14,970.0 $14,970.0 $13,321.0

Iowa $16,077.0 $15,322.0 $13,633.0

Kansas $11,330.3 $10,981.0 $9,771.0

Kentucky $12,956.0 $12,956.0 $11,529.0

Louisiana $34,760.2 $16,962.0 $15,093.0

Maine $9,125.0 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

Maryland $14,794.9 $13,926.0 $12,392.0

Massachusetts $17,012.0 $16,732.0 $14,889.0

Michigan $27,263.0 $27,263.0 $24,259.0

Minnesota $15,062.0 $15,062.0 $13,403.0

Mississippi $19,143.0 $9,341.0 $8,312.0

Missouri $53,967.5 $17,348.0 $15,437.0

Montana $9,125.0 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

Nebraska $8,716.5 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

Nevada $9,125.0 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

New Hampshire $9,125.0 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

New Jersey $20,174.0 $19,174.0 $17,061.0

New Mexico $21,406.1 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

New York $61,322.0 $59,138.0 $52,622.0

North Carolina $24,698.0 $23,537.0 $20,944.0

North Dakota $18,393.0 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

Northern Mariana Islands $4,007.0 $4,065.0 $3,618.0

Ohio $30,821.0 $28,839.0 $25,662.0

Oklahoma $11,337.0 $11,151.0 $9,923.0

Oregon $9,863.5 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

Pennsylvania $26,737.0 $26,297.0 $23,399.0

Puerto Rico $18,393.0 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

Rhode Island $18,393.0 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

South Carolina $9,418.0 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

South Dakota $9,125.0 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

Tennessee $10,142.0 $9,975.0 $8,876.0

Texas $116,946.1 $57,041.0 $50,755.0

Utah $9,125.0 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

Vermont $18,395.8 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

Virgin Islands, U.S. $4,869.0 $4,640.0 $4,128.0

Virginia $15,469.0 $15,215.0 $13,539.0

Washington $22,914.0 $22,914.0 $20,389.0

West Virginia $9,277.7 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

Wisconsin $34,114.7 $15,474.0 $13,769.0

Wyoming $9,125.0 $8,975.0 $7,987.0

Tribal Resources $18,394.2 $18,358.0 $16,341.0

Undistributed National Resources $1,840.0 $2,000.0 $2,000.0

TOTAL: $1,199,237.2 $917,892.0 $817,000.0

Notes: State-by-state figures for the FY 2013 Annualized CR level correspond with FY 2012 funding levels, and do not match funding totals listed elsewhere in 

 the BIB or in the FY 2014 Analytical Perspectives.

 FY 2013 Estimated Obligations do not include the five percent reduction due to the sequester.

1 Since the results of the FY2011 Needs Survey have not yet been released, the FY2014 state allocations are currently based on the 2007 Needs Survey, which was used 

for both FY2012 and FY2013. The FY2014-2018 state allocations will ultimately be based on the most recent needs survey, which EPA will release separately. 

115
116
Infrastructure / STAG Project Financing

(Dollars in Thousands)

Type / Grant

FY 2012 

Enacted

FY 2013

Annualized 

CR**

FY 2014 

PresBud

Delta

FY 14 PB – 

FY 12 EN

 Clean Water State Revolving Fund $1,466,456* $1,465,370 $1,095,000 -$371,456

 Drinking Water State Revolving Fund $917,892 $923,509 $817,000 -$100,892

State Revolving Funds $2,384,348 $2,388,879 $1,912,000 -$472,348

 Mexico Border $4,992 $0 $5,000 $8

 Alaska Native Villages $9,984 $9,984 $10,000 $16

Special Needs Projects $14,976 $9,984 $15,000 $24

Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant 

Program $29,952 $24,952 $6,000 -$23,952

Brownfields Projects $94,848 $89,848 $85,000 -$9,848

Infrastructure Assistance Total $2,524,124 $2,513,663 $2,018,000 -$506,124

*FY 2012 ENA for CWSRF does not reflect rescission. This program was decreased by the rescission amount of -

$9,741.8K bringing the FY 2012 ENA to $1,456.7.

**FY 2013 Annualized CR as of March 25, 2013 excludes Hurricane Sandy Relief supplemental appropriations.

Infrastructure and Special Projects Funds

The FY 2014 President’s Budget includes a total of $2.0 billion for the EPA’s 

Infrastructure programs in the State and Tribal Assistance Grant (STAG) account. This 

budget funds the SRFs at $1.9 billion total. 

Infrastructure and targeted projects funding under the STAG appropriation provides 

financial assistance to states, municipalities, interstates, and tribal governments to fund 

a variety of drinking water, wastewater, air, and brownfields environmental projects.

These funds help fulfill the federal government’s commitment to help our state, tribal 

and local partners obtain adequate funding to construct the facilities required to comply 

with federal environmental requirements and ensure public health and revitalize 

contaminated properties.

Providing STAG funds to capitalize State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs, the EPA

works in partnership with the states to provide low-cost loans to municipalities for 

infrastructure construction. All drinking water and wastewater projects are funded based 

on state developed priority lists. Through SRF set-asides, grants are available to Indian 

tribes and U.S. territories for infrastructure projects. 

117
The resources included in this budget will enable the agency, in conjunction with the 

EPA’s state, local, and tribal partners, to achieve important goals. For example: 92 

percent of the population served by community water systems will receive drinking 

water meeting all health-based standards. 

Capitalizing Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds 

The Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs demonstrate a 

true partnership between states, localities, and the federal government. These 

programs provide federal financial assistance to protect the nation’s water resources by 

providing funds for the construction of drinking water and wastewater treatment 

facilities. The state revolving funds are two important elements of the nation’s 

substantial investment in sewage treatment and drinking water systems, which provides 

Americans with significant benefits in the form of reduced water pollution and safe 

drinking water.

The EPA will continue to provide financial assistance for wastewater and other water 

projects through the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). CWSRF projects 

include nonpoint source, estuary, stormwater, and sewer overflow projects. The 

dramatic progress made in improving the quality of wastewater treatment since the 

1970s is a national success. In 1972, only 78.2 million people were served by 

secondary or advanced wastewater treatment facilities. As of 2008 (from most recent 

Clean Watersheds Needs Survey), over 99 percent of Publicly Owned Treatment 

Works, serving 222.6 million people, use secondary treatment or better. Water 

infrastructure projects supported by the program contribute to direct ecosystem 

improvements by lowering the amount of nutrients and toxic pollutants in all types of 

surface waters. While great progress has been made, many rivers, lakes and 

ocean/coastal areas still suffer a significant influx of pollutants after heavy rains 

resulting in beach closures, infected fish, and degradation of the ability of watersheds to 

sustain a healthy ecosystem. 

The FY 2014 request includes $1.095 billion in funding for the CWSRF. Total CWSRF 

funding available for loans from 1988 through June 2012 exceeds $97.4 billion. This 

total reflects loan repayments, state match dollars, as well as other funding sources. 

The EPA estimates that for every federal dollar contributed, more than two dollars are 

provided to municipalities.

Since its inception in 1997, the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) program 

has made $26.4 billion available to finance 9,809 infrastructure improvement projects 

nationwide, with an average of $1.78 made available to localities for every $1 of federal 

funds invested. As of June 30, 2011, $14.7 billion in capitalization grants have been 

awarded, amounting to loans/assistance of $23.7 billion. The DWSRF helps address the 

costs of ensuring safe drinking water supplies and assists small communities in meeting 

their responsibilities.

 

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EPA will work to target assistance to small and underserved communities with limited 

ability to repay loans. 

For FY 2014, the EPA requests that not less than 20 percent but not more than 30 

percent of the CWSRF and DWSRF funds be made available to each state to be used 

to provide additional subsidy to eligible recipients in the form of forgiveness of principle, 

negative interest loans, or grants (or a combination of these). For FY 2014, the EPA will 

encourage states to utilize the subsidy to assist small drinking water systems with 

standards compliance. The EPA also is requesting, to the extent there are sufficient 

eligible project applications, that not less than 20 percent of a portion of a CWSRF 

capitalization grant be made available for green infrastructure projects, and not less 

than 10 percent of the funds made available under this title to each State for Drinking 

Water State Revolving Funds shall be used for projects that address green 

infrastructure, water or energy efficiency improvements, or environmentally innovative 

activities. 

As part of the Administration’s long-term strategy, the EPA is implementing a 

Sustainable Water Infrastructure Policy that focuses on working with states and 

communities to enhance technical, managerial, and financial capacity. Important to the 

technical capacity will be enhancing alternatives analysis to expand "green 

infrastructure" options and their multiple benefits. Federal dollars provided through the 

SRFs will act as a catalyst for efficient system-wide planning and ongoing management 

of sustainable water infrastructure. Overall, the Administration requests a combined 

$1.9 billion for the SRFs.

Set-Asides for Tribes and Territories 

To improve public health and water quality on tribal lands, the agency is requesting to 

maintain the tribal set asides in the CWSRF and DWSRF at up to 2 percent. The EPA 

also is requesting to maintain the SRF set aside for territories at up to 1.5 percent for 

the CWSRF and for the DWSRF at up to 1.5 percent. 

Alaska Native Villages

The President’s Budget requests $10 million for Alaska native villages for the 

construction of wastewater and drinking water facilities to address serious sanitation 

problems. The EPA will continue to work with the Department of Health and Human 

Services’ Indian Health Service, the State of Alaska, the Alaska Native Tribal Health 

Council, and local communities to provide needed financial and technical assistance.

Diesel Emission Reduction Grants

The Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) authorizes a grant program that provides 

immediate, cost-effective emission reductions from existing diesel engines through 

engine retrofits, rebuilds and replacements; switching to cleaner fuels; idling reduction 

strategies; and other clean diesel strategies. Retrofitting or replacing diesel engines 

119
reduces particulate matter (PM) emissions up to 95 percent, smog-forming emissions, 

such as hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx), up to 90 percent, and 

greenhouse gases up to 20 percent in the upgraded vehicles.

The FY 2014 budget requests $6 million to continue a new approach designed to 

transition the program away from ongoing Federal support. The modified funding 

strategy will use rebates and revolving loan funds to concentrate resources on 

communities in a limited set of high exposure areas such as near ports and freight 

distribution hubs. Through the rebate mechanism, the agency is able to more efficiently 

target the awards toward the dirtiest, most polluting engines. 

Brownfields Projects 

The President’s Budget requests $85 million for Brownfields projects. With the FY 2014

request, the EPA plans to fund at least 120 assessment cooperative agreements and 

approximately 51 direct cleanup cooperative agreements. The EPA also will support 

cleanup of up to 90 sites contaminated by petroleum or petroleum products and award 

an estimated $2.2 million in environmental workforce development and job training 

grants. In FY 2014, the funding provided is expected to result in the assessment of 

1,200 brownfields properties. Using EPA grant dollars, the brownfields grantees will 

leverage 5,000 cleanup and redevelopment jobs and $1.2 billion in cleanup and 

redevelopment funding.

During FY 2014, the Brownfields program will continue to support the agency’s ongoing 

brownfields area-wide planning efforts. The cooperative agreements and technical 

assistance provided for brownfields area-wide planning will assist approximately 20 

communities identify viable reuses of brownfields properties, as well as associated 

infrastructure investments and environmental improvements needed, which will help 

lead to site cleanup and area revitalization. 

The EPA will continue to provide technical assistance for brownfields redevelopment in 

cities in transition which are struggling with high unemployment as a result of structural 

changes to their economies. In addition, the Brownfields program will continue to work 

closely with the EPA's Sustainable Communities program to address critical issues for 

brownfields redevelopment, including land assembly, development permitting issues, 

financing, accountability to uniform systems of information for land use controls, greener 

development practices, and other factors that influence the economic viability of 

brownfields redevelopment. The best practices, tools, and lessons learned from the 

Sustainable Communities program will directly inform and assist the EPA's efforts to 

increase area-wide planning for assessment, cleanup, and redevelopment of 

brownfields sites. In FY 2014, the Brownfields program will continue to foster federal, 

state, local, and public/private partnerships to return properties to productive economic 

use in communities. The Brownfields projects funding also supports participation in the 

Administration-wide initiative, the America’s Great Outdoors (AGO), by promoting the 

planning of urban parks and greenways on once abandoned or scarred lands.

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Mexico Border

The President’s Budget requests a total of $5 million for water infrastructure projects 

along the U.S.-Mexico Border. The goal of this program is to reduce environmental and 

human health risks along the U.S.-Mexico Border. The EPA’s U.S.-Mexico Border 

program provides funds to support the planning, design, and construction of high priority 

water and wastewater treatment projects along the border. The agency’s goal is to 

provide protection to people in the U.S.-Mexico border area from health risks by 

connecting homes to potable water supply and wastewater collection and treatment 

systems. 

121
122
Trust Funds

(Dollars in Millions)

FY 2012

Enacted 

Budget1

FY 2013

Annualized

CR1

FY 2014

President’s 

Budget1

Trust Funds Program $ FTE $ FTE $ FTE

Superfund2 $1,181 2,953 $1,183 2,953 $1,146 2,861

Inspector General (Transfers) $10 65 $10 65 $11 66

Research & Development 

(Transfers) $23 105 $23 105 $24 106

Superfund Total $1,214 3,123 $1,216 3,123 $1,180 3,033

Base Realignment and 

Closure3 $0 28 $0 28 $0 14

LUST4 $104 70 $105 70 $99 63

Superstorm Sandy 

Supplemental5 $0 0 $7 0 $0 0

Trust Funds Total6: $1,318 3,221 $1,328 3,221 $1,279 3,110 1 Totals may not add due to rounding. FY 2013 CR as of March 25, 2013. 2. FTE numbers include all direct and reimbursable Superfund employees, excluding Base Realignment and Closure 

which is discussed below.

3 Funding for reimbursable FTE provided by the Department of Defense via an Interagency Agreement. 4 EPAct Grants for Prevention activities are included in the FY 2012 Enacted, FY 2013 Annualized CR, and FY 

2014 President’s Budget. 5 Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2013 (P.L. 113-2) provided $5 million for LUST and $2 million for 

Superfund.

6 Trust Funds Total includes reimbursable FTE for Base Realignment and Closure as well as other Superfund 

reimbursable FTE.

Superfund

In FY 2014, the President’s Budget requests a total of $1,180 million in discretionary 

budget authority and 3,033 FTE for Superfund. This funding level will address 

environmental and public health risks resulting from releases or threatened releases of 

hazardous substances associated with any emergency site, as well as the over 14,100

active Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) and non-NPL sites. It also provides 

funding to pursue responsible parties for cleanup costs, preserving federal dollars for 

sites where there are no viable contributing parties. As of February 2013, there are 

1,676 sites on the NPL. 1,147 sites (69 percent) are construction completed or are 

deleted, 305 sites (18 percent) are undergoing cleanup construction, 224 sites (13

percent) are pending investigation or being investigated. The EPA will continue to give 

123
attention to all phases of the investigation and cleanup of NPL and non-NPL sites, 

including post-construction completion activities to ensure that Superfund response 

actions provide for the long-term protection of human health and the environment. A 

significant statutorily required post-construction activity is a Five-Year Review1, which 

generally is necessary when hazardous substances remain on-site above levels that 

permit unrestricted use and unlimited exposure. In FY 2014, the EPA plans to conduct 

over 200 Five-Year Reviews.

Of the total funding requested for Superfund, $762 million and 1,389 FTE are for 

Superfund cleanups which include the Superfund Remedial, Emergency Response and 

Removal, EPA Emergency Preparedness, and Federal Facilities programs. The 

Superfund program protects the American public and its resources by cleaning up sites 

which pose an imminent or long term risk of exposure and harm to human health and 

the environment. In FY 2014, the agency will maintain the funding level necessary to 

respond to emergency releases of hazardous substances, but, in recognition of budget 

constraints, will downsize and rebalance the overall Superfund Remedial program to 

give priority to completing projects at various stages in the response process as 

opposed to starting new project phases. As a result, the number of sites assessed, sitewide construction completions, sites ready for anticipated use, and remedial action 

project completions also will be reduced. The EPA and its partners will focus on 

completing construction activities at 15 site wide construction completions as well as 

110 individual project completions by the end of FY 2014, while also maintaining the 

level of sites achieving human exposure and groundwater migration under control. 

The agency works with several federal agencies that provide essential services in areas 

where the agency does not possess the specialized expertise. Over the last 30 years of 

operations, the relationship between the federal agencies for cleanup activities has 

become more defined and the agencies that received automatic transfers from the EPA 

have developed their own mission-specific funding for the purposes that the EPA had 

previously subsidized. In FY 2014, the agency is again proposing to eliminate the last 

remaining automatic transfers to other federal agencies, including the United States 

Coast Guard (USCG), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 

and the Department of the Interior (DOI). The agency has determined an automatic 

transfer is no longer needed and interagency assistance agreements are more 

appropriate for this activity. Funding for the other federal agencies may be pursued by 

Superfund-related support services, on an as-needed basis. 

Of the total funding requested, $186 million and 976 FTE are for Superfund 

enforcement-related activities. One of the Superfund program’s primary goals is to have 

responsible parties pay for and conduct cleanups at abandoned or uncontrolled 

1 Five-Year Reviews are used to evaluate the implementation and performance of all components of the 

implemented remedy and to determine whether the remedy remains protective of human health and the environment. 

The Five-Year Review includes not only the physical remedy itself, but also institutional controls necessary to 

manage the use of the site. The EPA develops an annual Report to Congress describing the protectiveness of 

remedies as found through Five-Year Reviews including those conducted by federal agencies and reviewed by the 

EPA through the Superfund Federal Facilities Response program.

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hazardous waste sites. The agency focuses on maximizing all aspects of Potentially 

Responsible Party (PRP) participation; including reaching a settlement with or taking an 

enforcement action by the time of a Remedial Action start for at least 99 percent of nonfederal Superfund sites that have viable, liable parties. The agency has reached a 

settlement or taken an enforcement action on 100 percent of non-federal Superfund 

sites with viable, liable parties in FY 2012. 

CERCLA authorizes the agency to retain and use funds received pursuant to an 

agreement with a potentially responsible party (PRP) to carry out the purpose of that 

agreement. The EPA retains such funds in special accounts and uses them to finance 

site-specific CERCLA response actions in accordance with the settlement agreement, 

including, but not limited to, investigations, construction and implementation of the 

remedy, post-construction activities, and oversight of PRPs conducting the cleanup. 

Through the use of special accounts, the EPA pursues its “enforcement first” policy – 

ensuring responsible parties pay for cleanup – so that appropriated resources from the 

Superfund Trust Fund are conserved for sites where no viable or liable PRPs have been 

identified. Because response actions may take many years and the use of special 

account funding is limited by the terms of the settlement agreements, the full use of 

special account funds may also take many years. Since the inception of special 

accounts through the end of FY 2012, the EPA has collected approximately $3.9 billion 

from PRPs and earned approximately $400.5 million in interest. Of this amount, $21.9 

million has been transferred to the Superfund Trust Fund for future appropriation by 

Congress after EPA has determined that more funds reside in a special account than 

are needed for future site response work, typically when site work is close to 

completion. As of the end of FY 2012, over $2.2 billion has been disbursed to finance 

site response actions and approximately $269.7 million has been obligated but not yet 

disbursed, which is more than 58 percent of the cumulative funds available in special 

accounts. In FY 2012, the EPA increased disbursements from special accounts by 4 

percent compared to FY 2011. Both special account resources and appropriated 

resources are critical to the Superfund program.

The EPA’s Homeland Security work is an important component of the agency’s 

prevention, protection, and response activities. The FY 2014 President’s Budget 

requests $38.7 million to: maintain its capability to respond effectively to incidents that 

may involve harmful chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) substances; maintain 

the Environmental Response Laboratory Network (ERLN); develop and maintain 

agency expertise and operational readiness for all phases of consequential 

management following a CBR incident, specifically environmental characterization, 

decontamination, laboratory analyses and clearance; maintain the Emergency 

Management Portal (EMP); and conduct CBR training for agency responders to improve 

CBR preparedness. 

The FY 2014 President’s Budget also includes resources supporting agencywide 

resource management and control functions. This includes essential infrastructure, 

contract and grant administration, financial accounting, and other fiscal operations.

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In addition, the agency provides funds for Superfund program research and for auditing.

The President’s Budget requests $24 million and 106 FTE to be transferred to Research 

and Development. Research will enable the EPA’s Superfund program to accelerate 

scientifically defensible and cost-effective decisions for cleanup at complex 

contaminated Superfund sites. The Superfund research program is driven by program 

office needs to reduce the cost of cleaning up Superfund sites, improve the efficiency of 

characterizing and remediating sites, identify effective remediation technologies, and 

reduce the scientific uncertainties for improved decision-making at Superfund sites. The 

President’s Budget also requests $11 million and 66 FTE to be transferred to the 

Inspector General for program auditing.

There are still sites where no viable PRP has been identified and there are many 

activities that the EPA performs that are not otherwise reimbursed. For this reason, the 

FY 2014 Budget supports reinstatement of the Superfund tax. The Superfund tax on 

petroleum, chemical feedstock and corporate environmental income expired in 1995. 

Since the expiration of Superfund tax, Superfund program funding (the “Superfund 

appropriation”) has been largely financed from General Revenue transfers to the 

Superfund Trust Fund, thus burdening the general public with the costs of cleaning up 

hazardous waste sites. Reinstating the Superfund taxes would provide a stable, 

dedicated source of revenue for the Superfund Trust Fund and restore the historic 

nexus that parties who benefit from the manufacture and sale of substances found in 

hazardous waste sites contribute to the cost of cleanup. The reinstated Superfund taxes 

are estimated to generate a revenue level of approximately $1.6 billion beginning in 

January 2014 to more than $2.6 billion annually by 2023. Total tax revenue over the 

period 2014 to 2023 is predicted to be $22.9 billion. The revenues will be placed in the 

Superfund Trust Fund and would be available for appropriation from Congress to 

support the assessment and cleanup of the Nation’s highest risk sites within the 

Superfund program.

Base Realignment and Closure Act 

The FY 2014 President’s Budget requests 14 reimbursable FTE to conduct the Base 

Realignment and Closure (BRAC) program (BRAC I-IV). The EPA’s participation in the 

first four rounds of BRAC has been funded by an interagency agreement which expires 

on September 30, 2016. Since 1993, the EPA has worked with the Department of 

Defense (DOD) and state environmental programs to make property environmentally 

acceptable for transfer, while protecting human health and the environment at realigning 

or closing military installations. Between 1988 and 2005, over 500 major military 

installations representing the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Defense Logistics Agency 

have been slated for realignment or closure. Under the first four rounds of BRAC (BRAC 

I-IV), 107 of those sites were identified as requiring accelerated cleanup. The EPA 

provided critical environmental support to DOD and participated in the acceleration 

process of the first four rounds of BRAC. The accelerated cleanup process strives to 

make parcels available for reuse as quickly as possible, by transfer of uncontaminated 

or remediated parcels, lease of contaminated parcels where cleanup is underway, or 

“early transfer” of contaminated property undergoing cleanup. Seventy-two Federal 

126
facilities currently listed on the NPL were identified under the fifth round of BRAC 

(BRAC V) as closing, realigning, or gaining personnel. 

The FY 2014 request does not include support for BRAC-related services to DOD at 

BRAC V facilities. Rather, the EPA services and resources to support the BRAC V 

installations may be requested from DOD, on an as-needed basis. 

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks 

The FY 2014 President’s Budget requests $99 million and 63 FTE for the Leaking 

Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund program. The agency, working with 

states and tribes, addresses public health and environmental threats from releases

through prevention and cleanup activities. As required by law (42 U.S.C. 6991c(f)), not 

less than 80 percent of LUST appropriated funds will be used for reasonable costs 

incurred under a cooperative agreements with any state to carry out specific purposes. 

The EPA will continue to work with the states to achieve more cleanups, and reduce the 

backlog of 82,903 cleanups not yet completed. Between 1986 and 2012, the LUST 

program addressed 84 percent (424,637) of all reported releases. In FY 2014, working 

with state partners, the LUST program will strive to achieve 9,000 cleanups, a decrease 

relative to the FY 2012 target. The FY 2014 target reflects a recalibration based on the 

expiration of this funding source, as well as an overall decrease in expected cleanups 

due to increasing costs of cleanups, and the complexity of remaining sites to be cleaned 

up.

The LUST Trust Fund financing tax expired on March 30, 2012 and was extended by 

Public Law 112-141 through September 30, 2016. While tank owners and operators are 

liable for the cost of cleanups at sites for which they have responsibility, EPA and State 

regulatory agencies are not always able to identify responsible parties and sometimes 

responsible parties are no longer financially viable or have a limited ability to pay. In 

those cases, the cost of the cleanup is distributed among fuel users through the 

targeted fuel tax, which is available for appropriation from Congress to support the 

prevention and cleanup of sites within the LUST program. For FY 2012, the Trust Fund 

received more than $170 million in tax receipts.

127
128
Environmental Protection Agency

List of Acronyms

AA Assistant Administrator

ACE Air, Climate, and Energy

ACE/ITDS Automated Commercial Environment/International Trade Data System

ACRES Assessment Cleanup and Redevelopment Exchange System

ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution 

AFS Air Facility System

ANCR Annual Non-Compliance Report

AOP Adverse Outcome Pathway 

ARA Assistant Regional Administrator

ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

B&F Buildings and Facilities

BFRs Brominated Flame Retardants

BOSC Board of Scientific Counselors

BRAC Base Realignment and Closure

CAA Clean Air Act

CAFO Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule

CAP Clean Air Partnership Fund

CARE Community Action for a Renewed Environment

CBEP Community-Based Environmental Protection

CBP Customs and Border Protection

CBR Chemical, Biological and Radiological

CCAP Climate Change Action Plan

CCS Carbon Capture and Storage

CCTI Climate Change Technology Initiative

CEIS Center for Environmental Information and Statistics

CENRS Committee on Environment, Natural Resources, and Sustainability

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act 

CERFA Community Environmental Response Facilitation Act 

CMAQ Community Multiscale Air Quality

CMDS Content Management and Discovery Services

COOP Continuity of Operations

CSI Common Sense Initiative

CSO Combined Sewer Overflows

CWA Clean Water Act

CWAP Clean Water Action Plan

DASEES Decision Analysis for a Sustainable Environment, Economy & Society

DBP Disinfection Byproducts

DFAS Defense Finance and Accounting System

DfE Design for the Environment

DMR Discharge Monitoring Reports 

ECHO Enforcement and Compliance History Online

129
EDSD Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program

EISA Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007

EJ Environmental Justice

ELP Environmental Leadership Project

EMP Emergency Management Portal

EN Enacted (Budget)

EPAct Energy Policy Act of 2005

EPCRA Emergency Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know Act

EPM Environmental Programs and Management

EPP Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program

ERRS Emergency Rapid Response Services

ESC Executive Steering Committee

ETI Environmental Technology Initiative

ETV Environmental Technology Verification

EU European Union

EWDJT Environmental Workforce Development and Job Training

FAN Fixed Account Numbers

FASAB Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board

FCO Funds Certifying Officer

FFDCA The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act

FLC Federal Leadership Committee

FMFIA Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act

FQPA Food Quality Protection Act 

FSMA Food Safety Modernization Act

FSMP Financial System Modernization Project

FTE Full-Time Equivalent` 

GAPG General Assistance Program Grants

GHG Greenhouse Gas

GHGRP Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program

GPRA Government Performance and Results Act

GSN Green Suppliers Network

HPPG High Priority Performance Goals

HPV High Production Volume

HS Homeland Security

HSWA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984

HWIR Hazardous Waste Identification Media and Process Rules

IAG Interagency Agreements

ICR Information Collection Rule

IFMS Integrated Financial Management System

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IPM Integrated Pest Management

IRM Information Resource Management

ISA Integrated Science Assessments

ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act

ITMRA Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1995-AKA 

Clinger/Cohen Act

130
LUST Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

M&O Management and Oversight

MARL The Microarray Research Laboratory

MACT Maximum Achievable Control Technology

MTM Mountaintop Mining

NAAQs National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement

NAPA National Academy of Public Administration

NAS National Academy of Sciences

NATA National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment

NCDC National Clean Diesel Campaign

NEA Nuclear Energy Agency

NDPD National Data Processing Division

NEP National Estuary Program

NEPPS National Environmental Performance Partnership System 

NESCA National Enforcement Strategy for Corrective Action

NESHAP National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

NIPP National Infrastructure Protection Plan

NLIC National Lead Information Center

NOA New Obligation Authority

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

NPDWRs National Primary Drinking Water Regulations

NPL National Priority List

NPM National Program Manager

NPR National Performance Review

NPS Nonpoint Source

NPSR National Pesticide Standard Repository

NRCS Natural Resource Conservation Service

NROC Northeast Regional Ocean Council

NRT National Response Team

NVFEL National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory 

OA Office of the Administrator

OAM Office of Acquisition Management

OAR Office of Air and Radiation

OARM Office of Administration and Resources Management

OCFO Office of the Chief Financial Officer

OCHP Office of Children’s Health Protection

OECA Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance

OEI Office of Environmental Information

OERR Office of Emergency and Remedial Response

OFA Other Federal Agencies

OFPP Office of Federal Procurement Policy

OGC Office of General Counsel

OIG Office of Inspector General

OMTR Open Market Trading Rule

OPAA Office of Planning, Analysis and Accountability

ORD Office of Research and Development

OSWER Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response

131
OTAG Ozone Transport Advisory Group

OW Office of Water

PB President’s Budget

PBTs Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxics

PC&B Personnel, Compensation and Benefits

PHEV Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

PIP Plant-incorporated Protectants

PM Particulate Matter

PNGV Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

POTWs Publicly Owned Treatment Works

PPG Performance Partnership Grants

PPIN Pollution Prevention Information Network

PPRTV Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values

PRC Program Results Code

PRIA Pesticide Registration Improvement Act 

PRIRA Pesticide Registration Improvement Renewal Act

PWSS Public Water System Supervision

RC Responsibility Center

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976

RGI Regional Geographic Initiative 

RLF Revolving Loan Fund

RMP Risk Management Plan

ROE Report on the Environment

RPIO Responsible Planning Implementation Office

RR Reprogramming Request

RRP Renovation, Repair and Painting 

RWTA Rural Water Technical Assistance

S&T Science and Technology

SALC Sub-allocation (level)

SAP Science Advisory Panel

SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986

SBO Senior Budget Officer

SBLRBRA Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act

SBREFA Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act

SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act

SDWIS Safe Drinking Water Information System

SHC Sustainable and Healthy Communities

(SIRG) State Indoor Radon Grants 

SITE Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation 

SLC Senior Leadership Council

SNEE Southern New England Estuaries

SRF State Revolving Fund

SRO Senior Resource Official

STAG State and Tribal Assistance Grants

STAR METRICS Science and Technology in America’s Reinvestment-Measuring

 Effects of Research on Innovation, Competitiveness, and Science

132
STORS Sludge-to-Oil-Reactor System

SWP Source Water Protection

SWTR Surface Water Treatment Rule

TIM Technology Infrastructure Modernization

TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load

TRI Toxic Release Inventory

TRIO Taskforce on Research to Inform and Optimize

TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act

TSD Treatment, Storage and Disposal

UIC Underground Injection Control

UST Underground Storage Tanks

WCF Working Capital Fund

WIF Water Infrastructure Funds

WIPP Waste Isolation Pilot Project

WSI Water Security Initiative

WHO World Health Organization

WTO World Trade Organization

133


United States Environmental Protection Agency

www.epa.gov