Appendices


Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water

Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water

Strategic Goal: Ensure drinking water is safe. Restore and maintain oceans,
watersheds, and their aquatic ecosystems to protect human health, support economic
and recreational activities, and provide healthy habitat for fish, plants, and wildlife.

Resource Summary

($ in 000)
5 FY 2010 FY 2011 Difference
45.7% of Budget Enacted President's FY 2010 EN to
Budget Budget_FY 2011 PresBud
1 - Protect Human Health $1,770,225 $1,603,813 ($166,412)
2 - Protect Water Quality $2,981,365 $2,831,001 ($150,363)
3 - Enhance Science and Research $144,915 $152,372 $7,457
Goal 2 Total $4,896,505 $4,587,186 ($309,319)
Workyears 2,925 2,928 4

Numbers may not add due to rounding.

Protecting America’s waters is a top priority and EPA has an ambitious vision for the
nation’s waters in the years ahead. Water quality has tremendous impacts on quality of
life, on economic potential, and on human and environmental health. America’s
waterbodies are imperiled as never before from nutrient loadings and stormwater runoff to
invasive species and drinking water contaminants. These challenges demand both
traditional and innovative strategies, both national and local action.

In FY 2011, the Agency is launching new initiatives to confront the challenges from
multiple angles - local and national, traditional and innovative. The Mississippi River Basin
initiative will focus on nonpoint source program enhancements to result in water-quality
improvement throughout the watershed and in the Gulf of Mexico. As part of the Healthy
Communities Initiative, EPA will launch the Community Water Priorities program to
address issues related to urban waters. The Agency will also continue collaboration with
the Department of Interior and the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) to implement an
Interagency Action Plan (IAP) to significantly reduce the harmful effects of Appalachian
surface coal mining operations.

To make progress, the Agency also needs unprecedented partnerships with the states
and tribes. In FY 2011, significant new resources are targeted to states, to help with the
growing universe of facilities and the growing needs for Total Maximum Daily Limits
(TMDLs), monitoring and innovative strategies for addressing infrastructure requirements.

25


United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of the Chief Financial Officer (2710A)
Publication Number: EPA-205-S-10-001
February 2010
Wwww.epa.gov

Recycled/Recyclable—Printed on 100% postconsumer recycled paper.


Resources by Program Area

Resources by Program Area

(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2010 FY 2011 Change
FY 2009 Enacted President's —_ FY10 Enacted to
Actuals Budget Budget FY11 PresBud

Categorical Grant: Underground Storage Tanks $4,549.5 $2,500.0 $2,550.0 $50.0

Categorical Grant Wastewater Operator Training $233 $0.0 $00 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Water Quality Cooperative Agreements $14.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program Development $15,345.41 $16,830.0 $17,167.00 $337.0
Total, State and Tribal Assistance Grants $2,996,640.1 $4,970,223.0 $4,781,873.0 -$188,350.0
SUBTOTAL, EPA (Excludes Rescission to Prior Year Funds) $7,194,420.7 $10,329,864.0 $10,030,000.0 -$299,864.0
Rescission to Prior Year Funds ! $0.0 -$40,000.0 -$10,000.0 $30,000.0
SUBTOTAL, EPA. $7,794,420.7 $10,289,864.0 '$10,020,000.0 -$269,864.0
Specified Infrastructure Grants:

Hunter's Point, California 2 $8,000.0 $8,000.0 $0.0 -$8,000.0
SUBTOTAL, EPA + Specified Infrastructure Grants $7,802,420.7 $10,297,864.0 '$10,020,000.0 -$277,864.0
Recovery Act Resources $7,100,098.3 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0
TOTAL, EPA + Specified Infrastructure Grants $14,902,519.0 $10,297,864.0 '$10,020,000.0 -$277,864.0

Notes: FY 2009 Actuals include obligations of carryover.

FY 2010 and FY 2011 resource totals do not include estimated ARRA obligations.

1$10M rescission implemented in FY 2009 against prior year funds.

2 Hunter's Point funds transferred to Department of the Navy 3" Quarter FY 2009.

NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.
68


SRF Obligations by State

Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) Resources

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) Resources

State-by-State distribution of Actual and Estimated Obligations
Fiscal Years 2009 to 2011 — Dollars in Thousands

The following tables show state-by-state distribution of resources for EPA’s two
largest State and Tribal Grant Programs, the Clean Water State Revolving Fund
and the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. These tables do not reflect total
resources that EPA provides to individual states.

79


Highlights of Major Budget Changes

Acquisition Management

(FY 2011 PB: $3.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $0.0M, FY 2011 Change: +$3.0M)
. Additional funding will allow the Agency to supplement existing acquisition workforce activities for
training, recruitment, retention, and hiring additional acquisition staff in an effort to enhance acquisition
workforce effectiveness.

Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance

(EO 13514)
(FY 2011 PB: $4.8M, FY 2010 Enacted: $3.8M, FY 2011 Change: +$1.0M)

. EO 13514 calls for the Agency to plan for Greenhouse Gas emission reduction by FY 2020.
Additional funding will allow EPA to meet that requirement by retrofitting EPA buildings and
infrastructure and increasing usage of green power.

Water Security Initiative (WSI)

(FY 2011 PB: $11.6M, FY 2010 Enacted: $18.6M, FY 2011 Change: -$7.0M)
. Requests a $7.0 million decrease for a total of $11.6 million to reflect completion of funding for
the establishment of five full-scale contamination warning system demonstration pilots in public water
systems under the WSI.
. The FY 2011 requested funding will be used for WSI outreach, support, and evaluation activities.

Homeland Security Enforcement Efforts

(FY 2011 PB: $0.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $4.4M, FY 2011 Change: -$4.4M)
. Requests a $4.4 million decrease for a total elimination of the Enforcement program's homeland
security activities.
. Beginning in FY 2011, EPA will not need to maintain separate capacity to support environmental
criminal investigations and training for terrorism related investigations. This reduction reflects the
increased capacity of other agencies to handle the environmental forensics work associated with
potential homeland security related incidents.

Homeland Security Emergency Preparedness & Response

(FY 2011 PB: $41.4M, FY 2010 Enacted: $52.6M, FY 2011 Change: -$11.2M)
. Requests a $11.2 million decrease for a total of $41.4 million to reflect completion of ramp up of
Agency investments in homeland security emergency preparedness and response.
. The FY 2011 requested funding will still allow current preparedness activities to be maintained
and continued, but the reduction will cause a few additional planned technology upgrades to be
delayed or deferred.

Research & Threat Assessment

(FY 2011 PB: $28.6M, FY 2010 Enacted: $32.9M, FY 2011 Change: -$4.3M)
. Requests a $4.3 million decrease for a total of $28.6 million to reflect a reduction in the areas of
research of water security, threat and consequence assessment, and safe buildings research.
. This reduction reflects a decreasing need for Water Security Initiative modeling support and a
shift in focus to higher priority Agency needs.

Air Threat Monitoring

(FY 2011 PB: $0.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $1.1M, FY 2011 Change: -$1.1M)
. Requests a $1.1 million decrease for eliminating support for the development of multi-pollutant
monitoring models to demonstrate the effects of air threats to air quality in the United States, as
effective modeling methodologies have been established for use in emergency response situations.


Categorical Grants

problem within an area so that states, tribes and the Agency can better target remaining
areas of high risk.

EPA recognizes that additional attention and assistance must be given to vulnerable
populations including those with rates of lead poisoning in excess of the national
average. In FY 2011, EPA will continue to award Targeted Grants to Reduce Childhood
Lead Poisoning. These grants are available to a wide range of applicants, including
state and local governments, Federally-recognized Indian tribes and_ intertribal
consortia, territories, institutions of higher learning, and nonprofit organizations. In
addition, EPA will continue a grant program initiated in FY 2007 which focuses on low-
income communities through grants to national organizations engaged in working with
these communities. This grant program is designed to help national and community
organizations reach under-served populations that may have a disproportionate number
of children with elevated blood lead levels.

Pollution Prevention Grants

The FY 2011 request includes $5.0 million for Pollution Prevention grants. The program
provides grant funds to deliver technical assistance to small and medium-sized
businesses. The goal is to assist businesses and industries with identifying improved
environmental strategies and solutions for reducing waste at the source. The program
demonstrates that source reduction can be a cost-effective way of meeting or exceeding
Federal and state regulatory requirements. In FY 2011, EPA is targeting a reduction of
1.8 billion pounds of hazardous materials, saving $1.5 billion dollars, conserving 24.9
billion gallons of water, and reducing 11.6 million metric tons of carbon dioxide
equivalent.

Environmental Information Grants

In FY 2011, EPA requests $10.2 million to continue the Environmental Information
Exchange Network (Exchange Network) grant program. Started in 2002, the Exchange
Network grant program provides states, territories, and tribes with assistance
developing the information management and technology (IM/IT) capabilities they need
to take full advantage of the potential benefits provided by the Exchange Network.
Enhancing and expanding the Network improves environmental decision making and
improves data quality, timeliness and accessibility while reducing the burden on those
who provide it. Now that all 50 states, seven tribes, and one territory have nodes, the
emphasis since FY 2009 has shifted from building-out IT infrastructure to upgrading
technology and expanding environmental information management and exchange.
Exchange Network grants also support the work of the Environmental Council of the
States and the National Congress of American Indians, both of which are
representatives of their respective environmental communities as well as conveners and
information disseminators.

74


Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration

with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on cleaning up contaminated sediments in urban
rivers adjacent to Superfund sites.

To protect the land, human health and the environment, EPA focuses on prevention,
protection, and response activities to address risks posed by releases of harmful
substances on land; emergency preparedness, response, and homeland security to
address immediate risks to human health and the environment; enforcement and
compliance assistance to ensure effective and adequate oversight of our responsibilities
by determining what needs to be done and who should pay; and sound science and
research to address risk factors and new, innovative solutions.

EPA will continue to use a hierarchy of approaches to protect the land: reducing waste at
its source, recycling waste, managing waste effectively by preventing spills and releases
of toxic materials, and cleaning up contaminated properties. The Agency especially is
concerned about threats to our most sensitive populations, such as children, the elderly,
and individuals with chronic diseases, and prioritizes cleanups accordingly’.

Prevention, Protection, and Response Activities

EPA leads the country’s activities to prevent and reduce the risks posed by releases of
harmful substances and to preserve and restore land with effective waste management
and cleanup methods. In FY 2011, the Agency requests $1.75 billion to continue to apply
the most effective approach to preserve and restore land by developing and implementing
prevention programs, improving response capabilities, and maximizing the effectiveness
of response and cleanup actions. This approach will help ensure that human health and
the environment are protected and that land is returned to beneficial use.

Controlling the many risks posed by accidental and intentional releases of harmful
substances presents a significant challenge. In FY 2011, EPA will continue to ensure that
it is adequately prepared to minimize contamination and harm to the environment from
spills and releases of hazardous materials by improving its readiness to respond to
emergencies through training as well as maintaining a highly skilled, well-trained, and
equipped response workforce.

EPA's land program activities for FY 2011 align along four broad themes: 1) Integrated
Cleanup Program Initiative; 2) Land Revitalization; 3) Recycling, Waste Minimization and
Energy Recovery; and 4) implementation of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct).

Integrated Cleanup Program Initiative:

In an effort to improve the accountability, transparency, and effectiveness of EPA’s
cleanup programs, EPA initiated a multiyear effort in 2010 to explore better uses of
assessment and cleanup authorities to address a greater number of sites, accelerate
cleanups, and put those sites back into productive use while protecting human health and

Additional information on these programs can be found at: http:/Avww.epa.gov/superfund/,
http:/Awww.epa.gov/oem/content/er_cleanup. htm, http:/Avww.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/ca/,
http:/Awww.epa.gov/swerust1/, http://www.epa.gov/fedfac/ and http://www.epa.gov/swerrims/landrevitalization/.

32


Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

Strategic Goal: Protect, sustain, or restore the health of people, communities, and
ecosystems using integrated and comprehensive approaches and partnerships.

Resource Summary

($ in 000)

» FY 2010 FY 2011 Difference
16.7% of Budget Enacted President’s FY 2010 EN to
Budget Budget FY 2011 PresBud

1- Chemical, Organism, and
Pesticide Risks $411,538 $425,034 $13,496
2 - Communities $251,749 $297,729 $45,980
3 - Ecosystems $728,969 $530,132 ($198,838)
4 - Enhance Science and Research $407,486 $420,623 $13,137
Goal 4 Total $1,799,743 $1,673,517 ($126,225)
Workyears 3,891 3,967 76

Numbers may not add due to rounding.

In FY 2011, the Environmental Protection Agency will protect, sustain or restore the
health of communities and ecosystems by bringing together a variety of programs, tools,
approaches and resources. Results stem from effective regulatory frameworks but also
from partnerships with stakeholders. Partnerships with international, Federal, state,
tribal, local governments and non-governmental organizations have long been a
common thread across EPA’s programs. Environmentalism has been described as a
conversation that we all must have because it is about protecting people in the places
they live, work and raise families. In FY 2011, the Agency is focused on expanding the
conversation to include new stakeholders and involve communities in more direct ways.
EPA is proactive about detection and prevention of environmental risks to watersheds,
communities, homes, schools and workplaces — but today’s challenges require renewed
and re-focused efforts to address old pollution and prevent new pollution.

The Agency will carry out its responsibilities based on the core values of science,
transparency and the rule of law, and will include environmental justice principles in the
full range of decision-making. High-priority, cutting edge research will guide the Agency
in finding efficient, innovative and sustainable ways to address complex, inter-related
and cumulative sources and effects of pollution.

39


Resources by Program Area

Resources by Program Area

(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2010 FY 2011 Change
FY 2009 Enacted President's —_ FY10 Enacted to
Actuals Budget Budget FY11 PresBud
(Methane to markets) ($3,847.3) ($4,569.0) ($4,591.0) (822.0)
(Greenhouse Gas Reporting Registry) ($5,163.1) ($16,685.0) ($20,750.0) ($4,065.0)
Compliance $132,163.1 $134,582.0 $110,467.0 -$24,115.0
Enforcement $207,461.5 $224,899.0 $264,908.0 $40,009.0
(Environmental Justice) ($5,460.3) ($7,090.0) ($7,317.0) ($227.0)
Environmental Protection / Congressional Priorities $4,983.5 $16,950.0 $0.0 -$16,950.0
Geographic Programs $83,116.5 $608,441.0 $416,141.0 -$192,300.0
Great Lakes Restoration $0.0 $475,000.0 $300,000.0 -$175,000.0
Geographic Program: Chesapeake Bay $26,317 8 $50,000.0 $62,957 0 $12,957 0
Geographic Program: Great Lakes $22,026.9 $0.0 $00 $0.0
Geographic Program: San Francisco Bay $4,922.0 $7,000.0 $5,000.0 -$2,000.0
Geographic Program: Puget Sound $11,256.6 $60,000.0 $20,000.0 -$30,000.0
Geographic Program: South Florida $2,279.6 $2,168.0 $2,148.0 $200
Geographic Program: Mississippi River Basin $00 $00 $12,400.0 $12,400.0
Geographic Program: Long Island Sound $3,0729 $7,000.0 $3,000.0 -$4,0000
Geographic Program: Gulf of Mexico $4,837.5 $6,000.0 $4,515.0 -$1,485.0
Geographic Program: Lake Champlain $3,1475 $4,000.0 $1,4340 $2,566 0
Lake Pontchartrain $970.0 $1,500.0 $978.0 -$522.0
Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE) $2,842.1 $2,448.0 $2,448.0 $0.0
Geographic Program: Other (other activities) $1411.41 $3,325.0 $1,261.0 -$2,064.0
Regional Geographic Initiatives $325 $0.0 $00 $0.0
Homeland Security $23,523.1 $23,554.0 $15,142.0 -$8,412.0
(Decontamination) ($1,316.7) ($3,522.0) ($2,012.09) (81,5100)
Indoor Air $29,682.3 $26,625.0 $27,771.0 $1,146.0
Information Exchange / Outreach $127,458.3 $130,800.0 $143,208.0 $12,408.0
(Children and Other Sensitive Populations: Agency
Coordination) (6,832.4) (87,100.0) ($10,159.0) (83,059.0)
(Environmental Education) ($8,762.9) ($9,038.0) ($6,448.0) (-$2,590.0)
International Programs $19,805.6 $19,824.0 $19,940.0 $116.0
(US Mexico Border) ($5,621.8) ($4,969.0) ($4,979.0) ($100)
IT/ Data Management / Security $95,374.8 $103,322.0 '$105,090.0 $1,768.0
Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review $121,785.5 $123,597.0 $130,478.0 $6,881.0
Operations and Administration $493,948.7 $498,410.0 $521,112.0 $22,702.0
(Rent) ($155,471.0) ($157,040.0) ($169,915.0) ($12,875.0)
(Utilities) ($6,585.1) ($13,514.0) ($13,409.0) ($105.0)
(Security) ($24,545.2) ($27,997.0) ($30,901.0) ($2,904.0)
Pesticides Licensing $118,340.4 $120,132.0 $123,703.0 $3,571.0
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) $119,330.3 $123,250.0 $122,736.0 $514.0

NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.
64


Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration

Enforcement authorities play a unique role under the Superfund program: they are used
to leverage private-party resources to conduct a majority of the cleanup actions and to
reimburse the Federal government for cleanups financed by appropriations. In FY 2011,
the Agency requests $187.4 million to support enforcement activities at Federal and non-
Federal Superfund sites. EPA's “enforcement first” approach ensures that sites with
financially viable potentially responsible parties (PRPs) are cleaned up by those parties,
allowing EPA to focus appropriated resources on sites where viable PRPs either do not
exist or lack funds or capabilities needed to conduct the cleanup. In tandem with this
approach, various reforms have been implemented to increase fairness, reduce
transaction costs, promote economic development, and make sites available for
appropriate reuse’. The Department of Justice supports EPA’s Superfund Enforcement
program through negotiations and judicial actions to compel PRP cleanup and litigation to
recover Trust Fund monies spent. In FY 2009, the Superfund Enforcement program
secured private party commitments that exceeded $2.3 billion. Of this amount, PRPs
have committed to future response work with an estimated value of approximately $2
billion; PRPs have agreed to reimburse the Agency for more than $371 million in past
costs; and PRPs have been billed by the EPA for approximately $79 million in oversight
costs. These results can be directly linked to Goal 3. EPA also works to ensure that
required legally enforceable institutional controls and financial assurance instruments are
in place and adhered to at Superfund sites and at facilities subject to RCRA Corrective
Action to ensure the long-term protectiveness of cleanup actions.

In FY 2011, the Agency will negotiate remedial design/remedial action cleanup
agreements and removal agreements at contaminated properties. Where negotiations
fail, the Agency will either take unilateral enforcement actions to require PRP cleanup or
use appropriated dollars to remediate sites (or both). When appropriated dollars are used
to clean up sites, the program will recover the associated cleanup costs from the PRPs. If
future work remains at a site, recovered funds could be placed in a site-specific special
account. Special accounts are sub-accounts within the Trust Fund which segregate funds
obtained from responsible parties who enter into settlement agreements with EPA. These
funds act as an incentive for other PRPs to perform cleanup work and can be used by the
Agency to fund cleanup at that site. The Agency also will continue its efforts to establish
and use special accounts to facilitate cleanup, improve tracking, and plan the use of
special account funds. Through the end of FY 2009, more than 948 site-specific special
accounts have been established and over $2.96 billion have been deposited into special
accounts (including earned interest). Approximately $1.43 billion from special accounts
has been used by EPA for site response actions and another $184.3 million has been
obligated but not yet disbursed. EPA is carefully managing the $1.34 billion that was
available as of October 1, 2009 and has developed multi-year plans to use these funds as
expeditiously as possible. These funds will be used to conduct many different CERCLA
response actions, including, but not limited to, investigations to determine the extent of
contamination and appropriate remedy required, construction of the remedy, enforcement
activities, and post-construction monitoring.

7 For more information regarding EPA’s enforcement program and its various components, please refer to
http:/Awww.epa.gov/compliance/cleanup/superfund/.

35


Resources by Program Area

(Dollars in Thousands)

Resources by Program Area

FY 2010 FY 2011 Change

FY 2009 Enacted President's FY10 Enacted to
Actuals Budget Budget FY11 PresBud
State and Tribal Assistance Grants
Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water SRF $706,130  $2,100,000.0 $2,000,000.0 -$100,000.0
Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water SRF $865,487 _$1,387,000.0 $1,287,000.0 -$100,000.0
Congressionally Mandated Projects $124,409.3 $156,777.0 $0.0 -$186,777.0
Infrastructure Assistance: Alaska Native Villages $18,438.4 $13,000.0 $10,000.0 -$3,000.0
Brownfields Projects $101,918.0 $100,000.0 $138,254.0 $38,254.0
Clean Schoo! Bus Initiative $45.3 $00 $0.0 $00
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program $29,367.3 $60,000.0 $60,000.0 $00
Targeted Airshed Grants $15,000.0 $20,000.0 $0.0 -$20,000.0
Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico Border 9129118 $17,000.0 $10,000.0 -$7,000.0
Infrastructure Assistance: Puerto Rico $3,849.0 $00 $00 $00
Categorical Grants $1,119,133 $1,116,446.0 $1,276,619.0 $160,173.0
Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection $9,905.2 $9,900.0 $9,900.0 $00
Categorical Grant: Brownfields $50,586.9 $49,495 .0 $49,495.0 $00
Categorical Grant: Environmental Information $12,628.5 $10,000.0 $10,200.0 $200.0
Categorical Grant: Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance $102,332.3 $103,346.0 $105,412.0 $2,066.0
Categorical Grant: Homeland Security $5,916.9 $00 $0.0 $00
Categorical Grant: Lead $14,295.1 $14,564.0 $14,855 0 $291.0
Categorical Grant: Local Govt Climate Change $00 $10,000.0 $00 -$10,0000
Categorical Grants: Multi-Media Tribal Implementation $00 $00 $30,000.0 $30,000.0
Categorical Grant: Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319) $214,498 2 $200,857 0 $200,857 0 $00
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Enforcement $19,208,7 $18,711.0 $19,085.0 $3740
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Program Implementation $12,720 $13,520.0 $13,690.0 $1700
Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec. 106) $216,836 3 $229,264.0 $274,264.0 $45,000.0
(Monitoring Grants) ($12,975.8) ($18,500.0) ($23,500.0)" ($5,000.0)"
Categorical Grant: Pollution Prevention $4,932.3 $4,940.0 $5,039.0 $99.0
Categorical Grant: Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) $99,440.1 $105,700.0 $105,700.0 $00
Categorical Grant: Radon $8,370.4 $8,074.0 $8,074.0 $00
Categorical Grant: Sector Program S277 $00 $00 $00
Categorical Grant: State and Local Air Quality Management $223,541 5 $226,580.0 $309,080.0 $82,500.0
Categorical Grant: Targeted Watersheds $8,946.4 $00 $0.0 $00
Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances Compliance $5,276.9 $5,099.0 $5,201.0 $102.0
Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality Management $13,962.5 $13,300.0 $13,566.0 $266.0
Categorical Grant: Tribal General Assistance Program $61,681.1 $62,875.0 $71,375.0 $8,500.0
Categorical Grant: Underground Injection Control (UIC) $11,332.4 $10,891.0 $11,109.0 $218.0
NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.
*Corrects President's Budget Funding Levels from printed version. 67


Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

U.S.-Mexico Border Water Infrastructure Program

The U.S.-Mexico Border region hosts a growing population of more than 14.6 million
people, posing unique drinking water and wastewater infrastructure shortages. In many
areas along the US-Mexico Border, no drinking water or wastewater services exist. In
addition, the rapid increase in population and industrialization in the border cities has
overwhelmed those areas that have limited wastewater treatment and drinking water
supply facilities. Untreated sewage pollutes urban waters that flow north into the U.S.
from Tijuana, Mexicali, and Nogales, into the Rio Grande or into the Pacific Ocean. In
FY 2011, EPA sustains its long time commitment to the water and sanitation needs of
the Border region by investing $10 million in water infrastructure projects. The Agency
will continue to monitor the program to ensure it is well managed and the Federal
investment yields access to safe drinking water and wastewater collection and
treatment services for the communities in both countries.

Healthy Communities: Clean, Green, and Healthy Schools

This initiative will create a multidisciplinary Healthy Schools program to support states
and communities in promoting healthier school environments, increasing technical
support and outreach, and co-leading an interagency effort to better coordinate and
integrate existing school programs throughout the Federal government. Under the
Healthy Communities and Ecoystems goal, EPA would broaden the implementation of
EPA's existing school environmental health programs including asthma, indoor air
quality, chemical clean out, green practices (i.e., cleaning products, energy use, lighting,
etc.), and enhanced use of Integrated Pest Management. The Agency would also
provide technical assistance for state school environmental health programs and for
implementing voluntary guidelines for school siting and construction.

Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE)

CARE is a competitive grant and technical assistance program that offers an innovative
way for under-served and other communities to take action to reduce toxic pollution.
Through CARE, communities create local collaborative partnerships that implement
local solutions to minimize exposure to toxic pollutants and reduce their release. In FY
2011, EPA is requesting new grant authority to continue this program beyond the
demonstration phase.

Brownfields

EPA works collaboratively with state, Tribal, and local partners to promote the
assessment, cleanup, and sustainable reuse of Brownfields. In FY 2011, an additional
investment of $38 million in Brownfields work will offer new opportunities to serve
communities acutely impacted by the economic downturn.

Improving a community's ability to make decisions that affect its environment is at the
heart of EPA’s community-centered work. EPA shares information and builds
community capacity to consider the many aspects of planned development or


Infrastructure Financing

assessments for 35 communities and cleanup of Brownfields for approximately 25
communities. EPA will supplementally fund an estimated 30 existing high performing
revolving loan fund recipients. Additionally, this includes cleanup of approximately 17
sites contaminated by petroleum or petroleum products and environmental job training
grants. In FY 2011, the funding provided will result in the assessment of 1,000
Brownfields properties. Using EPA grant dollars, the Brownfields grantees will leverage
5,000 cleanup and redevelopment jobs and $900 million in cleanup and redevelopment
funding.

Brownfields projects will be featured as one of EPA’s High Priority Performance Goals.
By 2012, EPA will have initiated 20 Brownfields community-level projects as part of an
enhanced effort to benefit underserved and economically disadvantaged communities.
This will allow those communities to assess and address multiple Brownfields sites
within their boundaries, thereby advancing area-wide planning and cleanups and
enabling redevelopment of Brownfields properties on a broader scale than on individual
sites. EPA will provide technical assistance, coordinate its enforcement, water and air
quality programs, and work with other Federal agencies, states, tribes and local
governments to implement associated targeted environmental improvements identified
in each community's area-wide plan.

This priority goal reflects emphasis on both environmental health and protection and
economic development and job creation through the redevelopment of Brownfields
properties, particularly in underserved and disadvantaged communities.

Mexico Border

The President's Budget includes a total of $10 million for water infrastructure projects
along the U.S.-Mexico Border. The goal of this program is to reduce environmental and
human health risks along the U.S.-Mexico Border. EPA’s U.S.-Mexico Border program
provides funds to support the planning, design and construction of high priority water
and wastewater treatment projects along the border. The Agency’s goal is to provide
protection of people in the U.S.-Mexico border area from health risks by connecting
homes to potable water supply and wastewater collection and treatment systems.

87


Overview

Environmental Protection Agency’s

Resources by Major Category
(Dollars in Billions)

& Categorical Grants

& Operating Budget

@ Trust Funds

Q Infrastructure Financing

$12.0

$10.0

$8.0 4 ; | 6 $7.7 $7.5 $7.6

$0.0

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN PB

Notes:

Totals may not add due to rounding

FY 2002 includes $175.6 M provided for Homeland Security in the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act

FY 2005 Enacted reflects 0.8% Rescission

FY 2006 Enacted reflects 0.476% rescission plus 1% additional rescission - excludes Hurricane Supplemental funding
FY 2008 Enacted includes a 1.56% rescission and $5 M rescission to prior year funds


Overview

Mission

The mission of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
is to protect human health and the environment.

Budget in Brief Overview

The Fiscal Year (FY) 2011 Budget request supports the Administration’s commitment to
ensure that all Americans are protected from significant risks to human health and the
environment where they live, learn, and work. This mission is being achieved through
collaboration with states and tribes to implement air, water, waste, and chemical
programs.

This budget request builds on the Agency’s work to impact climate change through
actions under the Clean Air Act. It supports a greater focus on community-level
engagement, to augment and reinforce the critical work of our state and tribal partners.
It moves forward with the Agency’s ambitious vision for protecting and restoring
America’s waters. It will help assure the safety of chemicals, and it reflects an increase
to ensure federal laws are enforced fairly and effectively. EPA will carry out its mission
based on the core values of science, transparency, and the rule of law to address the
complex, inter-related, and multi-disciplinary challenges to environmental protection
today.

The EPA FY 2011 budget requests $10.020 billion in discretionary budget authority.
This request will support EPA’s efforts to focus on developing common-sense steps
toward clean air, addressing the climate challenge, protecting our nation’s waters,
cleaning up communities and ecosystems, and strengthening EPA's scientific and
enforcement capabilities. This budget also includes actions to improve EPA’s internal
operations to deliver environmental results for the American people. Below are funding
highlights:

Supports Healthy Communities

The Environmental Protection Agency is committed to protect, sustain or restore the
health of communities and ecosystems by bringing together a variety of programs, tools,
approaches and resources. Results stem from effective regulatory frameworks, but also
from partnerships with stakeholders. Partnerships with international, Federal, state,
tribal, local governments and non-governmental organizations have long been a
common thread across EPA’s programs.

The FY 2011 budget includes a $27 million multidisciplinary initiative for Healthy
Communities. It supports states and communities in promoting healthier school
environments by increasing technical support, outreach, and co-leading interagency
efforts to coordinate and integrate existing school programs throughout the Federal
government. It also provides resources to address air toxics within at-risk communities,


Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

involve reduced risk pesticides which, once registered, will result in increased societal
benefits.

As part of the FY 2011 Healthy Communities initiative the Pesticides program will
expand its work with schools to reduce risks children face from pesticide use in the
school environment.

Reduced concentrations of pesticides in water sources indicate the efficacy of EPA’s
risk assessment, management, mitigation, and communication activities. Using
sampling data, collected under the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water
Quality Assessment program for urban watersheds, EPA will monitor the impact of our
regulatory decisions for four pesticides of concern—diazinon, chlorpyrifos, malathion,
and cabaryl—and consider whether any additional action is necessary

Toxics Programs

These programs span the full range of EPA activities associated with screening,
assessing and reducing risks of both new and existing chemicals. EPA is strengthening
its risk management activities to assure the safety of chemicals in products and in the
environment. EPA will continue reviewing and acting on 1,500 TSCA Section 5 notices,
including Pre-Manufacture Notices, received annually to ensure no unreasonable risk
from new chemicals before they are introduced into U.S. commerce.

EPA will also continue to assess and act on the thousands of existing chemicals already
in commerce before TSCA took effect and review data to support hazard assessment
and risk management actions for High Production Volume (HPV) chemicals. In FY
2011 the program will evaluate the hazards and risks posed by HPV chemicals, and
take appropriate risk management actions to reduce human health and environmental
risks. One focus area is eliminating childhood lead poisoning, including implementing
the Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP) Rule to address lead hazards created by
renovation, repair and painting activities in homes and child-occupied facilities with lead-
based paint.

Pesticides and Toxics Fees
In FY 2011, EPA will administer or propose several user fees as follows:

e Pesticides Maintenance Fee: This fee provides funding for the Registration
Review program with a portion supporting the processing of applications
involving “me-too” or inert ingredients.

e Enhanced Registration Services Fee: To accelerate pesticide registration

decision service, entities seeking to register pesticides for use in the United
States pay a fee at the time the registration action request is submitted to EPA.

42


Categorical Grants

Pesticide Enforcement and Toxics Substance Compliance Grants

The FY 2011 request includes $24.3 million to build environmental enforcement
partnerships with states and tribes and to strengthen their ability to address
environmental and public health threats. The enforcement state grants request consists
of $19.1 million for Pesticides Enforcement and $5.2 million for Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants. State and Tribal enforcement grants will be awarded to assist in
the implementation of compliance and enforcement provisions of the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA) and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA). These grants support state and Tribal compliance activities to protect the
environment from harmful chemicals and pesticides.

Under the Pesticides Enforcement Grant program, EPA provides resources to states
and Indian tribes to conduct FIFRA compliance inspections and take appropriate
enforcement actions and implement programs for farm worker protection. The program
also sponsors training for state and tribal inspectors through the Pesticide Inspector
Residential Program (PIRT) and for state and tribal managers through the Pesticide
Regulatory Education Program (PREP). Under the Toxic Substances Compliance
Grant program, states receive funding for compliance inspections of asbestos and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). States also received funding for implementation of
the state lead-base paint certification and training, and abatement notification
compliance and enforcement program. The funds will complement other Federal
program grants for building state capacity for lead abatement, and enhancing
compliance with disclosure, certification and training requirements.

Pesticides Program Implementation Grants

The FY 2011 request includes $13.7 million for Pesticides Program Implementation
grants. These resources will assist states, tribes, and partners with pesticide worker
safety activities, protection of endangered species and water sources, and promotion of
environmental stewardship approaches to pesticide use. In addition, the Agency
provides grants to promote stronger Tribal pesticide programs. EPA’s mission as
related to pesticides is to protect human health and the environment from pesticide risk
and to realize the value of pesticide availability by considering the economic, social and
environmental costs and benefits of the use of pesticides. Pesticides Program
Implementation Grants help state programs stay current with changing requirements.

Lead Grants

The FY 2011 request includes $14.9 million for Lead grants. This funding will support
the development of authorized programs, including work under the new Lead Rule, in
both states and tribes to prevent lead poisoning through the training of workers who
remove lead-based paint, the accreditation of training programs, the certification of
contractors, and renovation education programs. Another activity that this funding will
support is the collection of lead data to determine the nature and extent of the lead

73


82


BDOESS

FY 201 |
EPA Budget in Brief

United States Environmental Protection Agency
WWW. €pa.gov





30


Trust Funds

Trust Funds
(Dollars in Millions)

FY 2010 FY 2011

Enacted President’s

Budget! Budget!

$ FTE $ FTE

Superfund $1,270 | 3,018 $1,258 3,007
Inspector General (Transfers) $10 66 $10 66
Research & Development
(Transfers) $27 110 $25 108
Superfund Total $1,307 |_ 3,193 $1,293 3,180
Base Realignment and Closure? $0 65 $0 48
LUST? $113 75 $113 74
Trust Funds Total*: $1,420 | 3,269 $1,406 3,255

‘ Totals may not add due to rounding.

? Funding for reimbursable FTE provided by the Department of Defense via an Interagency Agreement.
 EPAct Grants for Prevention activities are included in the FY 2010 Enacted and FY 2011 President's
Budget.

4 Trust Funds Total does not include reimbursable FTE, including Base Realignment and Closure as well
as other Superfund reimbursable FTE.

Superfund

In FY 2011, the President's Budget requests a total of $1,293 million in discretionary
budget authority and 3,180 total workyears for Superfund. As of the end of FY 2009, 96
percent of the 1,607 sites on the Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) are either
undergoing cleanup construction, are completed, or are deleted.

Of the total funding requested for Superfund, $855 million and 1,416 total workyears are
for Superfund cleanups. The Agency’s Superfund cleanup program addresses public
health and environmental threats from uncontrolled releases of hazardous substances.
The Agency expects to demonstrate significant progress in reducing risks to human
health and the environment. In FY 2011, EPA and its partners anticipate completing
construction activities at 25 Superfund NPL sites to achieve the overall goal of 1,127
total construction completions by the end of FY 2011.

The Agency works with several Federal agencies that provide essential services in

areas where the Agency does not possess the specialized expertise. In FY 2011, other
Federal agencies, including the United States Coast Guard, the National Oceanic and

89


Infrastructure Financing

and local partners obtain adequate funding to construct the facilities required to comply
with Federal environmental requirements and ensure public health and revitalize
contaminated properties.

Providing STAG funds to capitalize State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs, EPA works
in partnership with the states to provide low-cost loans to municipalities for infrastructure
construction. All drinking water and wastewater projects are funded based on national
priority lists. Through SRF set-asides, grants are available to Indian tribes and U.S.
territories for infrastructure projects. Grants also are available to Alaskan Rural and
Native Villages for drinking water and wastewater infrastructure needs. The Brownfields
Environmental Program provides states, tribes, and political subdivisions (including
cities, towns, and counties) the necessary tools, information, and strategies for
promoting a unified approach to environmental assessment, cleanup, characterization,
and redevelopment at sites contaminated with hazardous wastes and petroleum
contaminants.

The resources included in this budget will enable the Agency, in conjunction with EPA’s
state, local, and Tribal partners, to achieve several important goals for 2011. Some of
these goals include:

- 91 percent of the population served by community water systems will receive
drinking water meeting all health-based standards.

- Award 235 assessment, cleanup, and revolving loan fund (RLF) grants under the
Brownfields program, bringing the cumulative total awarded to more than 2,400
by the end of FY 2011 and paving the way for productive reuse of these
properties. Brownfields grantees will also leverage 5,000 cleanup and
redevelopment jobs and $900 million in cleanup and redevelopment funding.

Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
(FY 2011 PB: $60M)

Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program

In FY 2011, EPA will invest $60 million in the National Clean Diesel program, authorized
in Sections 791-797 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. This program focuses on
reducing particulate matter (PM) by up to 95 percent from existing diesel engines,
including on-highway and non-road equipment and reducing other, smog-forming
emissions such as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. Five sectors are targeted for
reduction: freight, construction, school buses, agriculture, and ports. Grants will be
provided to eligible entities in areas of the country that are not meeting ambient air
quality standards. This program will help provide immediate reductions by retrofitting
the engines with emission control technologies sooner than would otherwise occur
through normal turnover of the fleet because these engines often remain in service for
20 or more years. EPA will issue and manage various categories of Diesel Emission
Reduction grants:

84


Highlights of Major Budget Changes

and existing environmental regulations, and fully deploy ChesapeakeStat, a web-based decision
making and accountability tool for Bay partners and the public.

Mississippi River Basin Initiative
(FY 2011 PB: $16.8M, FY 2010 Enacted: $0.0M, FY 2011 Change: +$16.8M)

. Requests $16.8 million and 15.0 FTE for new work in the upper Mississippi River Basin to
reinvigorate coordinated efforts with USDA to address nutrient pollution in the watershed. The request
also supports implementation of nonpoint source control recommendations of the Nutrients Innovations
Task Group and Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Action Plan in the Upper Mississippi River Basin.

Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI)
(FY 2011 PB: $300.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $475.0M, FY 2011 Change: -$175.0M)

. In 2009, the President announced a new Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, committing the
Federal government to significantly advance Great Lakes protection and restoration.
. In FY 2011, EPA is increasing the relative funding for the Invasive Species focus area in

recognition of anticipated new demands such as fighting incursion of Asian Carp.
. FY 2011 funding has been reduced to reflect ramp up period, allowing time for the program to
absorb the initial influx of FY 2010 resources.

Building Strong State and Tribal Partnerships

State and Local Air Quality Management Grants (Sect. 105)

(FY 2011 PB: $241.1M, FY 2010 Enacted: $171.1M, FY 2011 Change: +$70M)
. Request of $241.1 million includes an increase of $45.0 million to support expanded core state
workload for implementing additional NAAQS and reducing public exposure to air toxics.
. This will support state workload when implementing updated NAAQS resulting from EPA’s
commitment to review each NAAQS according to the CAA deadlines.
. Request includes the $25.0M state grant increase supporting state efforts to develop and deploy
the technical capacity needed to address greenhouse gas emissions in permitting large sources under
the Clean Air Act (CAA).

Air Monitors

(FY 2011 PB: $15.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $0M, FY 2011 Change: +$15.0M)
. An increase of $15.0 million is requested specifically for additional state air monitors required by
new or revised NAAQS.
. States previously could use grant funding to procure monitors, but this is the first time funding will
be specifically for monitors.
. This increase is in addition to $45.0M (listed above) for expanded core state NAAQS work and
$25.0M for development of state technical capacity to address GHG emissions in permitting of large
sources.

Water Pollution Control Grants
(FY 2011 PB: $274.3M, FY 2010 Enacted: $229.3M, FY 2011 Change: +$45.0M)

. Requests a $45.0 million increase to strengthen the base state, interstate and Tribal programs.

. Increase reflects recognition of the growing workload for State Water programs to address post-
construction runoff and other new or anticipated regulatory requirements and address emerging water
quality issues such as nutrient pollution.

. In addition, the FY 2011 increase will strengthen and expand state enforcement efforts for
existing and new Clean Water Act programs.

12


Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

The Civil Enforcement program’s overarching goal is to protect human health and the
environment, targeting enforcement actions according to the degree of health and
environmental risk in order to promote compliance with Federal environmental statutes
and regulations. The program collaborates with the Department of Justice, states, local
agencies, and tribal governments to ensure consistent and fair enforcement of all
environmental laws and regulations. The program seeks to protect public health and
the environment and ensure a level playing field by strengthening our partnership with
our co-implementers in the states, encouraging regulated entities to rapidly correct their
own violations, ensuring that violators do not realize an economic benefit from
noncompliance, and pursuing vigorous enforcement to deter future violations.

The Civil Enforcement program develops, litigates, and settles administrative and civil
judicial cases against serious violators of environmental laws. In FY 2011 the Civil
Enforcement program will expand to include work previously supported by the
Compliance Incentives and Compliance Assistance programs. In FY 2009, EPA
achieved commitments to invest more than $5 billion in future pollution controls and
pollution reduction commitments totaling nearly 600 million pounds. Over the last nine
years, EPA’s long-term environmental results achieved through enforcement
settlements in FY 2001-2009 total an estimated 9.8 billion pounds of pollution reduced.

In FY 2011, the Agency will continue to aggressively implement its Civil Enforcement
program, including the national compliance and enforcement priorities established for
FY 2011-2013. Existing national priorities address problems that remain complex and
challenging, including Clean Water Act “Wet Weather” discharges, violations of the
Clean Air Act New Source Review/Prevention of Significant Deterioration requirements
and Air Toxics regulations, and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
violations at mineral processing facilities. Information on priorities, regulatory
requirements, enforcement alerts, and EPA results will be made available to the public
and the regulated community through web-based sites. The Civil Enforcement program
also will support the Environmental Justice program and the Administrator's priority to
address pollution impacting vulnerable populations. The Civil Enforcement program will
focus enforcement actions on facilities that have repeatedly violated environmental laws
in communities that may be disproportionately exposed to risks and harms from the
environment, including minority and/or low-income areas. In addition, the Civil
Enforcement program will help to implement the President's directive to develop and
implement a compliance and enforcement strategy for the Chesapeake Bay; activities
will include enhanced enforcement to ensure existing regulations are complied with
consistently and in a timely manner. In FY 2011, the Civil Enforcement program’s
proposed budget is $187.1 million.

EPA's Criminal Enforcement program investigates and helps prosecute environmental
violations which seriously threaten public health and the environment and which involve
intentional, deliberate, or criminal behavior on the part of the violator. The Criminal
Enforcement program deters violations of environmental laws and regulations by
demonstrating that the regulated community will be held accountable, through jail

54


96


Categorical Grants

State and Tribal Underground Storage Tanks Program

The FY 2011 request includes $2.6 million for Underground Storage Tank (UST) grants.
In FY 2011, EPA will make grants to states under Section 2007 of the Solid Waste
Disposal Act, available to support core program activities as well as the leak prevention
activities under Title XV, Subtitle B of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct).

In FY 2011, EPA will continue to focus attention on the need to bring all UST systems
into compliance with release detection and release prevention requirements, and
implement the provisions of EPAct. States will continue to use the UST categorical grant
funding to implement their leak prevention and detection programs. Specifically with
these UST categorical grants, states will fund such activities as: Seeking state program
approval to operate the UST program in lieu of the Federal program, approving specific
technologies to detect leaks from tanks, ensuring that tank owners and operators are
complying with notification and other requirements, ensuring equipment compatibility,
conducting inspections, implementing operator training, prohibiting delivery for non-
complying facilities, and requiring secondary containment or financial responsibility for
tank manufacturers and installers.

Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance Grants

In FY 2011, EPA requests $105.4. million for Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance
grants. Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance grants are used for the implementation
of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous waste program,
which includes permitting, authorization, waste minimization, enforcement, and
corrective action activities. In FY 2011, EPA expects to increase the number of
hazardous waste facilities with new or updated controls to prevent releases by 100
facilities.

By the end of FY 2011, EPA and the authorized states also will control human
exposures to contamination at 72 percent of the 2020 universe of 3,746 facilities that
may need cleanup under the RCRA Corrective Action Program. EPA also will control
migration of contaminated groundwater at 64 percent of these facilities, and complete
the construction of final remedies at 38 percent of these facilities.

Brownfields Grants

In FY 2011, EPA requests $49.5 million to continue the Brownfields grant program that
provides assistance to states and tribes to develop and enhance their state and Tribal
response programs. This funding will help states and tribes develop legislation,
regulations, procedures, and guidance, to establish or enhance the administrative and
legal structure of their response programs. In addition, grant funding will support
technical outreach to address environmental justice issues and Brownfields research.

75


Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration

EPA has ongoing cleanup and property transfer responsibilities at some of the Nation’s
most contaminated Federal properties, which range from realigning and closing military
installations and former military properties containing unexploded ordnance, solvents, and
other industrial chemicals to Department of Energy sites containing nuclear waste. EPA’s
Superfund Federal Facilities Response and Enforcement program helps Federal and local
governments, tribes, states, redevelopment authorities, and the affected communities
ensure contamination at Federal or former Federal properties is addressed in a manner
that protects human health and the environment®. In addition, EPA ensures that Federal
entities are held accountable for the commitments made in Federal Facility Agreements.
EPA also is evaluating the enforcement approach for formerly-utilized Defense sites and
mine sites with Federal ownership.

Enhancing Science and Research to Restore and Preserve Land

EPA's Land Research program, in accordance with the Administration's policy of scientific
integrity’, provides the scientific foundation for the Agency’s actions to protect America’s
land. The FY 2011 Land Research program supports the Agency’s objective of reducing
or controlling potential risks to human health and the environment at contaminated waste
sites by providing the science to accelerate scientifically defensible and cost-effective
decisions for cleanup at complex sites in accordance with CERCLA. The range of
research programs and initiatives will continue both the work of better understanding the
scientific basis of our environmental and human health problems as well as advancing the
design of sustainable solutions through approaches such as green chemistry and green
engineering. In FY 2011, EPA requests $53.4 million in support of EPA's efforts to
enhance science and research for land preservation and restoration.

Restoration research activities in FY 2011 will focus on contaminated sediments, ground
water contamination, site characterization, and site-specific technical support. Research
will advance EPA’s ability to characterize the effectiveness of contaminated sediment
remediation and will be conducted in collaboration with the Great Lakes National Program
Office (GLNPO) to develop alternative technologies to sediment dredging for remedy
selection options. Research products will develop data to support dosimetric and
toxicologic assessment of amphibole asbestos fiber-containing material from Libby,
Montana.

Oil spill remediation research will continue on physical, chemical, and biological risk
management methods for petroleum and non-petroleum oil spills in freshwater and
marine environments as well as development of a protocol for testing solidifiers and
treating oil. UST research will assess UST compatibility with alternative fuels

Research will continue to focus on areas such as resource conservation, corrective
action, multi-media modeling, leaching, containment systems, and landfill bioreactors. In

® For more information on the Superfund Federal Facilities Response and Enforcement program, please refer to
http:/Awww.epa.gov/fedfac/.

° For more information, see http:/Avwww.whitehouse. gov/the_press_office/Memorandum-for-the-Heads-of-Executive-
Departments-and-Agencies-3-9-09/.

36


Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

toxicology, nanotechnology, human health risk assessment, and homeland security.
The range of research programs and initiatives will both continue the work of better
understanding the scientific basis of our environmental and human health problems as
well as advance the design of sustainable solutions through approaches such as green
chemistry and green engineering. This research is critical for the Agency to meet its
priorities for assuring the safety of chemicals, and protecting our communities.

EPA also conducts research through its Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program.
The STAR program leverages innovative and cutting-edge research from top scientists
in academia through a competitive and peer-reviewed grant process that is integrated
with EPA's overall research efforts. In FY 2011, EPA is increasing funding for the STAR
program by more than 40 percent. A significant portion of STAR supports research
under Goal 4, including the STAR Fellowships Research program. STAR Fellowships
contribute to one of the Administration’s top priorities in FY 2011, strengthening science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics education. The Agency proposes $14.0
million for STAR Fellowships in FY 2011, an increase of more than $6 million, which will
allow EPA to award approximately 240 new fellowships. These fellowships help ensure
the Nation has a diverse scientific workforce to meet the challenges of tomorrow. They
also represent an investment in EPA’s future and our ability to ensure that science
remains the backbone of the Agency for years to come.

As designed, most of the long-standing EPA research programs investigate statute-
specific environmental research questions, which have allowed the Agency to address
many important environmental questions. However, current environmental problems
are more complex and require a new approach to maximize the EPA research
programs’ responsiveness to the rapidly changing needs of internal and external
partners. To facilitate this evolution, the Agency is beginning to realign elements of its
research programs to further advance the Agency's ability to conduct integrated,
multidisciplinary research that translates scientific and technological advances and
findings to information that directly informs environmental and public health decisions.
This new, more integrated approach will enhance our ability to develop high capacity
decision support tools for managing contaminants across their life cycles.

In FY 2011, the Human Health Research program is working to maintain its success
with characterizing and reducing uncertainties in exposure and risk assessment as well
as developing improved tools for predicting the safety of chemicals and products. The
program is orienting this work toward understanding linkages along the potential source-
exposure-effects-disease continuum and demonstrating reductions in human risk. This
orientation is designed to include research that addresses limitations, gaps, and health-
related challenges articulated in the health chapter of the EPA Report on the
Environment (2007). Research includes exploration of key events in pathways of
toxicity that can be used to predict adverse health outcomes, development of models to
predict exposures in complex community settings and for susceptible populations, and
identification of viable bio-indicators of exposure, susceptibility, and effect that could be
applied to evaluate public health impacts at various geospatial and temporal scales.
Extramural STAR research complements intramural programs with a strong focus on

48


Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

Improving Compliance with Environmental Laws

To be effective, EPA requires a strong enforcement and compliance program, one
which: identifies and reduces noncompliance problems, responds to complaints from
the public, strives to secure a level economic playing field for law-abiding companies,
and deters future violations. In order to meet the Agency’s goals, the program employs
an integrated, common-sense approach to problem-solving and decision-making. An
appropriate mix of data collection and analysis, compliance monitoring, assistance and
incentives, civil and criminal enforcement efforts, and innovative problem-solving
approaches address significant environmental issues and achieve environmentally
beneficial outcomes. The total proposed FY 2011 budget to improve compliance with
environmental laws is $545.5 million.

EPA's national enforcement and compliance assurance program is responsible for
maximizing compliance with 12 environmental statutes, 28 distinct programs under
those statutes, and dozens of regulatory requirements under those programs which
apply in various combinations to a universe of approximately 40 million regulated
Federal and private entities. In addition, as a means for focusing its efforts, the
enforcement program identifies, in three year cycles, specific environmental risks and
noncompliance patterns as national priorities. The enforcement program coordinates
the selection of these priorities with programs and regions within EPA, and with states,
local agencies, and tribes, in addition to soliciting public comment.

In FY 2011, the Agency proposes to merge the Compliance Assistance and Compliance
Incentives activities into the Civil Enforcement program, with a small component of
compliance assistance moving into the Compliance Monitoring program. Under the
current structure, individual enforcement tools are emphasized. The new model will
allow us to focus on outcomes, tailoring our approach to address the unique
characteristics and requirements of individual cases. This new model also will allow us
to better integrate our efforts with the states, refining our role as state capabilities evolve
to best support the national enforcement program. Merging the Compliance Assistance
and Incentives programs into the enforcement program allows the Agency to pursue the
most effective approach and communicates our commitment to vigorous enforcement,
making the threat of Federal enforcement more credible.

The Agency’s Compliance Monitoring program reviews and evaluates the activities of
the regulated community to determine compliance with applicable laws, regulations,
permit conditions, and settlement agreements as well as to determine whether
conditions presenting imminent and substantial endangerment exist. FY 2011
Compliance Monitoring activities will be both environmental media- and sector-based.
EPA’s media-based inspections complement those performed by states and tribes, and
are a key part of our strategy for meeting the long-term and annual goals established for
the air, water, pesticides, toxic substances, and hazardous waste programs. In FY 2011
the Compliance Monitoring Program will increase to include work previously done under
the Compliance Assistance program, primarily training activities. In FY 2011, the
Compliance Monitoring program’s proposed budget is $111.7 million.

53


Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

children’s health, safe schools, and epidemiologic approaches designed to link
information from exposure and toxicology studies to human health outcomes. The
Agency is requesting $80.1 million in FY 2011 for Human Health research.

In FY 2011, the Agency's Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) program will
continue to implement a process to identify, compile, characterize, and prioritize new
scientific studies into Integrated Science Assessments (ISAs) of criteria air pollutants to
assist EPA’s air and radiation programs in determining the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS). The program will release external review draft ISAs for ozone and
lead for public comment and Clean Air Science Advisory Committee review. In addition,
the HHRA research program will complete multiple human health assessments of high
priority chemicals for interagency review or external peer review and post several
completed human health assessments in the integrated risk information system. In FY
2011, EPA requests $49.0 million for the Human Health Risk Assessment program,
which includes $14.4 million and 48 work years to allow the Integrated Risk Information
System (IRIS) program to maintain recent increases in the annual output of new IRIS
assessments and updates of existing assessments.

In order to assess the benefits of ecosystem services to human and ecological well-
being, it is important to define ecosystem services and their implications, to measure,
monitor and map those services at multiple scales over time, to develop predictive
models for quantifying the changes in ecosystem services, and to develop decision
platforms for decision makers to protect and restore ecosystem services through
informed decision making. The Agency is requesting a total of $74.0 million in FY 2011
to support Ecosystems research. The Ecosystem Services research program has
transitioned to focus on advancing the science of ecosystems services and its
application to decision making.

Over the last decade, the endocrine disruptor research program conducted the
underlying research, developed and standardized protocols, prepared background
materials for transfer to EPA’s Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances
and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, briefed Agency
advisory committees, participated on international committees on harmonization of
protocols, and participated in the validation of 19 different in vitro and/or in vivo assays
for the development and implementation of the Agency’s Endocrine Disruptors
Screening program (EDSP). In FY 2011, EPA is requesting $17.4 million for the
continued development, evaluation, and application of innovative tools for endocrine
disrupting chemicals. This includes a significant increase for the STAR grant program.

In FY 2011, the Computational Toxicology Research program will play a critical role in
coordinating and implementing research across the Agency. In addition, greater
emphasis will be placed on using systems biology based approaches to advance
health-based assessments. In FY 2011, EPA is requesting $21.9 million, an increase of
$1.9 million, to support application of mathematical and computer models to help
assess chemical risk to human health and the environment. Funds for next-generation


Categorical Grants

This new grant will advance negotiated environmental plans, measures and results as
agreed upon by tribes and EPA, ensuring tribal environmental priorities are addressed to
the fullest extent possible.

78


88


Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

e Pre-Manufacturing Notification Fee: This fee supports the review and processing
of new chemical pre-manufacturing notifications submitted to EPA by the
chemical industry.

e Lead Accreditation and Certification Fee: This fee is collected from operators of
lead training programs accredited under the 402/404 rule and for lead-based
paint contractors certified under this rule.

e Accelerated Chemical Risk Reduction Fee: Under proposed TSCA reform
legislation, the Agency envisions collecting fees to directly support
implementation of a restructured chemicals management program.

Water Programs

EPA’s ecosystem protection programs encompass a wide range of approaches that
address specific at-risk regional areas and larger categories of threatened systems,
such as urban waters, estuaries, and wetlands. Locally generated pollution, combined
with pollution carried by rivers and streams and through air deposition, can accumulate
in these ecosystems and degrade them over time. Large water bodies, such as the Gulf
of Mexico, the Great Lakes, and the Chesapeake Bay, have been exposed to
substantial pollution over many years. Coastal estuaries and wetlands are also
vulnerable. As the populations in coastal regions grow, the challenges to preserve and
protect these important ecosystems increase. Working with stakeholders, EPA has
established special programs to protect and restore these unique resources.

In FY 2011, EPA will continue to lead the implementation of the Great Lakes
Restoration Initiative. The Initiative identifies $300 million for programs and projects
strategically chosen to target the most significant environmental problems in the Great
Lakes ecosystem. EPA will collaborate closely with its Federal partners in the Great
Lakes Interagency Task Force to implement the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative
Action Plan to be completed in February 2010. Pursuant to the Action Plan, the
Initiative will use outcome-oriented performance goals and measures to direct Great
Lakes protection and restoration funding to the following areas:

Toxic Substances and Areas of Concern

Invasive Species

Nearshore Health and Nonpoint Source

Habitat and Wildlife Protection and Restoration

Accountability, Education, Monitoring, Evaluation, Communication, and
Partnerships

ececee

Funds will be used to strategically implement both Federal projects and
prioritized/competitive grants. These funds will not be directed toward water
infrastructure programs that are addressed under the Clean Water or Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund program. Funding will be distributed directly by EPA or through
the transfer of funds to other Federal agencies for subsequent use and distribution.


Budget in Brief

Table of Contents

OVEPVIOW oie cc cece cece ceerersesesteseeesescesieersersisiterscssisitieessisistieeesiseeeeeesetee 1

Summary Resource Charts

EPA’s FY 2011 Budget by Goal...
EPA's FY 2011 by Appropriation..
EPA's Resource History..
EPA’s Resources by Major Category..

Highlights of Major Budget Changes 0.000.000... ccc eerie 9
Goals
Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change............000cccceceeeeeeeteeeeeees 17

Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration ..
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship .

Appendices

Summary Resource Tables
EPA's Resources by Appropriation 0.0.0... ccccccccecceteretetetenetetenenenenrents 61
EPA's Resources by Program Area vo... cccccccctneietneieiienetnenenenree 63

Highlighted Programs
Categorical Grants... ccc inreterenetetneierneieineieinenernineerrnreed 69
STAG (State and Tribal Assistance Grants) .....0..0ccccccceceteteeteteeteeeneeneenenes 71
Estimated SRF Obligations by State (FY 2009 — FY 2011 including ARRA)....79
Infrastructure Financing
Trust Funds (Superfund, Leaking Underground Storage Tanks) ..

List Of ACTONYMS 00... cccccceceeteeeetseneeenseteesseseeseesseceeesseeseesieeseeseeeesteeseeeeeeeee 93


Resources by Program Area

Resources by Program Area

(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2010 FY 2011 Change
FY 2009 Enacted President's FY10 Enacted to
Actuals Budget Budget FY11 PresBud

Operations and Administration $130,294.3 $139,181.0 $138,307.0 $874.0

(Rent) ($45,071.8) ($44,300.0) ($41,888.0) (82,4120)

(Utilities) (1,837.0) ($3,397.0) ($3,749.0) ($352.0)

(Security) ($6,056.1) ($8,299.0) ($8,412) ($113.0)

Research: Human Health and Ecosystems $3,716.4 $3,404.0 $3,350.0 $54.0

Research: Land Protection $19,010.1 $21,191.0 $19,069.0 -$2,122.0

Research: Sustainability $96.0 $73.0 $0.0 $73.0

Superfund Cleanup $943,460.2 $856,080.0 $855,461.0 -$619.0

Superfund: Emergency Response and Removal $224,789.2 $202,330.0 $202,784.0 $4540

Superfund: EPA Emergency Preparedness $9,934.8 $9,632.0 $9,760 $1440

Superfund: Federal Facilities $32,761 5 $32,105.0 $31,543.0 -$562.0

Superfund: Remedial $669,293.0 $605, 438.0 $605, 438.0 $00

Superfund: Support to Other Federal Agencies $6,575.0 $6,575.0 $5,920.0 $055.0

Total, Hazardous Substance Superfund $1,385,412.2 —$1,306,541.0 $1,293,060.0 -$13,481.0
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

Compliance $8024 $797.0 $0.0 -$797.0

IT / Data Management / Security $1643 $162.0 $0.0 $162.0

Operations and Administration $2,147.9 $2,184.0 $2,131.0 -$53.0

(Rent) ($696.0) ($696.0) ($696.0) ($0.0)

Research: Land Protection $424.1 $345.0 $457.0 $1120

Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST) $109,725.3 $109,613.0 $109,784.0 si71.0

(LUST/UST} ($10,874.5) ($11,613.09) ($12,162.0) ($549.0)

(LUST Cooperative Agreements) ($61,419.3) ($63,570.0) ($63,192.0) ($378.0)

(EPAct & Related Authorities Implementation) ($37,431.5) ($34,430.0) ($34,430.0) ($0.0)

Total, Leaking Underground Storage Tanks $113,264.0 $113,101.90 $113,219.0 $118.0

il Spill Response

Compliance $293.5 $269.0 $139.0 -$130.0

Enforcement $2,060.5 $1,998.0 $2,559.0 $561.0

IT / Data Management / Security $363 $24.0 $0.0 $24.0

oil $14,445.6 $14,944.0 $14,547.0 -$397.0

Operations and Administration $576.1 $505.0 $534.0 $29.0

(Rent) ($538.0) ($438.0) ($438.0) ($0.0)

Research: Land Protection $3828 $639.0 $689.0 $50.0

Total, Oil Spill Response $17,194.8 $18,379.0 $18,468.0 $89.0

NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.
66


Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

To accelerate the nation’s environmental protection efforts, EPA works to prevent
pollution at the source, and promotes the principles of responsible environmental
stewardship, sustainability, and innovation. EPA works to improve and encourage
pollution prevention as the first choice for environmental protection, striving for
sustainable practices and helping businesses and communities move beyond
compliance and become partners in protecting natural resources, managing materials
more wisely, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and improving the environment and
public health. EPA also works with other nations as they develop their own
environmental protection programs, leading to lower levels of pollution in the United
States and worldwide.

In 1984, EPA adopted a formal Indian Policy. The Agency affirms that Policy in
recognition that the United States has a unique legal relationship with tribal
governments based on the Constitution, treaties, statutes, Executive Orders, and court
decisions. This relationship includes recognition of the rights of tribes — as sovereign
governments — to act with self-determination. Ensuring compliance and promoting
environmental stewardship are important components of the Agency’s efforts to protect
human health and the environment in Indian Country. Tribes, the first stewards of
America’s environment, provide an invaluable perspective on environmental protection
that benefits and strengthens the Agency’s stewardship. In FY 2011, EPA is requesting
an increase in support to tribal programs to address critical needs in assessing
environmental conditions on their lands and building environmental programs tailored to
their needs as well as a new multi-media grant to allow them to implement their highest
priority programs.

EPA also will strengthen the scientific evidence and research supporting environmental
policies and decisions on compliance, pollution prevention, and environmental
stewardship.

High Priority Performance Goal

As part of the Administration’s emphasis on High Priority Performance Goals, EPA will
take actions over the next two years to improve enforcement results. Work under this
goal supports one of the Agency's FY 2011 High Priority Performance Goals,
specifically:

Il. Clean water is essential for our quality of life and the health of our
communities. EPA will take actions over the next two years to improve water
quality.

By the end of fiscal year 2011, increase the percent of federal CWA discharge
permit enforcement actions that reduce pollutant discharges into impaired
waterways from 20% (FY 2009 baseline) to 25% and promote transparency and
right-to-know by posting results and analysis on the web.

52


Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water

EPA will collaborate with states and tribes in each of these areas to achieve clean and
safe water objectives.

In FY 2011, EPA continues its commitment to upgrading drinking water and wastewater
infrastructure with a substantial combined investment of $3.3 billion for the Clean Water
and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs. This investment will both facilitate
continued progress toward drinking water and clean water goals, and result in increased
job opportunities at the local level. EPA is working to ensure that Federal dollars provided
through the State Revolving Funds act as a catalyst for efficient system-wide planning,
improvements in technical, financial, and managerial capacity, and the design,
construction and on-going management of sustainable water infrastructure.

The National Water Program will continue to place emphasis on sustainable
infrastructure, watershed stewardship, watershed-based approaches, water efficiencies,
and best practices through Environmental Management Systems. EPA will specifically
focus on green infrastructure, banking for wetlands conservation, and trading among point
sources and non-point sources for water quality upgrades. In FY 2011, the Agency will
continue advancing the water quality monitoring initiative and a water quality standards
strategy under the Clean Water Act, as well as important rules and activities under the
Safe Drinking Water Act. Related efforts to improve monitoring and surveillance will help
advance water security nationwide.

Drinking Water
High Priority Performance Goal

As part of the Administration’s emphasis on High Priority Performance Goals, EPA will
take actions over the next two years to improve drinking water and surface water quality.
Work under this goal supports one of EPA’s High Priority Performance Goals related to
public health. Over the next two years, EPA will initiate review/revision of at least four
drinking water standards to strengthen public health protection.

During FY 2011, EPA, the states, and community water systems will build on past
successes while working toward the FY 2011 goal of assuring that 91 percent of the
population served by community water systems receives drinking water that meets all
applicable health-based standards. To promote compliance with drinking water
standards, states carry out a variety of activities, such as conducting onsite sanitary
surveys of water systems and working with small systems to improve their capabilities.
EPA will work to improve compliance rates by providing guidance, training, and technical
assistance; ensuring proper certification of water system operators; promoting consumer
awareness of drinking water safety; maintaining the rate of system sanitary surveys and
onsite reviews; and taking appropriate action for noncompliance.

To help ensure that water is safe to drink, EPA requests $1.3 billion continuing EPA’s

commitment for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. EPA will continue to work with
states to encourage targeting this affordable, flexible financial assistance to support utility

26


Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

ENERGY STAR programs that improve the installation of products such as heating and
cooling equipment whose efficiency is greatly affected by installation practices.

Stratospheric Ozone — Domestic and Montreal Protocol

In FY 2011, EPA’s Stratospheric Ozone Protection Program will continue to implement
the provisions of the Clean Air Act and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol), and contribute to the reduction and
control of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in the U.S.

Following the 2010 lowering of the ODS cap, EPA is responding to an increased
number of ODS substitute applications, many of which represent lower GHG options.
Under the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program, EPA will review
alternatives to ODS to assist the market’s transition to alternatives that are safer,
especially for the climate system.

Radiation

In FY 2011, EPA will continue to work with other Federal agencies, states, tribes,
stakeholders, and international radiation protection organizations to develop and use
voluntary and regulatory programs, public information, and training to reduce public
exposure to radiation. The Agency also will continue to conduct radiation risk
assessments including updating its scientific methodology, modeling, and technical
tools for generating radionuclide-specific cancer risk coefficients to more specifically
address sensitive population groups such as infants, women, and the elderly. Risk
managers at all levels of government use this information to assess health risks from
radiation exposure and to determine appropriate levels for clean-up of radioactively
contaminated sites. EPA will continue to provide technical assistance to tribes to locate
and cleanup radioactive wastes produced from uranium mining that contaminate tribal
lands and water resources with radionuclides and heavy metals.

Research

EPA, in accordance with the Administration’s policy of scientific integrity, conducts
research to provide a scientific foundation for the Agency’s actions to protect the air all
Americans breathe. The Agency’s air research program supports implementation of the
Clean Air Act, especially the NAAQS, which sets limits on how much stratospheric
ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and lead,
are allowed in the atmosphere. EPA also conducts research on hazardous air
pollutants, also known as air toxics.

In FY 2011, the budget request for the Agency’s air research program includes an
additional $3.0 million to support a next generation monitoring network for ambient air
pollutants that will help build the scientific backbone necessary to plug gaps in our
regulatory system. The Agency’s air research program will also continue research to
understand the sources and composition of air pollution; develop methods for controlling

22


Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration

Implementing the EPAct:

The EPAct® contains numerous provisions that significantly affect Federal and state
underground storage tank (UST) programs and requires that EPA and states strengthen
tank release and prevention programs. In FY 2011, EPA requests $34.4 million to
provide assistance to states to help them meet their EPAct responsibilities, which include:
(1) mandatory inspections every three years for all underground storage tanks and
enforcement of violations discovered during the inspections; (2) operator training; (3)
prohibition of delivery for non-complying facilities®; and (4) secondary containment or
financial responsibility for tank manufacturers and installers.

In addition to EPA’s land program activities, EPA’s Homeland Security and Enforcement
work are important components of the Agency’s prevention, protection, and response
activities.

Homeland Security

EPA will continue to maintain its Homeland Security emergency preparedness and
response capability. In FY 2011, the Agency requests $40.2 million to continue to:
maintain its capability to respond effectively to incidents that may involve harmful
chemical, biological, and radiological substances; operate the Environmental Response
Laboratory Network (ERLN); maximize the effectiveness of its involvement in national
security events through pre-deployments of assets such as emergency response
personnel and field detection equipment; maintain the Emergency Management Portal
(EMP); and manage, collect, and validate new information for new and existing Weapons
of Mass Destruction (WMD) agents as decontamination techniques are developed or as
other information emerges from the scientific community.

Enforcement

EPA’s Superfund enforcement program ensures prompt site cleanup and uses an
“enforcement first” approach that maximizes the participation of liable and viable parties in
performing and paying for cleanups in both remedial and removal programs. The
Superfund enforcement program includes nationally significant or precedential civil,
judicial, and administrative site remediation cases, and provides legal and technical
enforcement support on Superfund enforcement actions and emerging issues. The
Superfund enforcement program also develops waste cleanup enforcement policies, and
provides guidance and tools that clarify potential environmental cleanup liability, with
specific attention to the reuse and revitalization of contaminated properties, including
Brownfields properties.

5 For more information, refer to http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-
bin/getdoc. cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ058.109. pdf (scroll to Title XV - Ethanol And Motor
Fuels, Subtitle B— Underground Storage Tank Compliance, on pages 500-513 of the pdf file).
Refer to Grant Guidelines to States for Implementing the Delivery Prohibition Provision of the Energy Policy Act of
2005, August 2006, EPA-510-R-06-003, http:/Awww.epa. gov/oust/fedlaws/epact_05.htm#Final.

34


Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

Additionally, the Agency is requesting a new focused $30 million grant program to
support the multi-media Tribal implementation program. These grants are tailored to
address an individual tribe’s most serious environmental needs through the
implementation of Federal environmental programs, and will build upon the
environmental capacity developed under the GAP. This new grant will advance
negotiated environmental plans, measures and results as agreed upon by tribes and
EPA, ensuring that tribal environmental priorities are addressed to the fullest extent
possible.

Enhancing Capacity for Sustainability through Science and Research

The Agency proposes $51.4 million in FY 2011 to enhance capacity for sustainability
through science and research. With the Administrator's focus on a strong scientific
foundation, the research tools and technologies to monitor, prevent, control, and clean
up pollution are critical building blocks in our decision-making. EPA’s Science and
Technology for Sustainability (STS) research program, in accordance with the Agency’s
policy of scientific integrity,’ provides the scientific foundation for the Agency’s actions
for the integrated management of air, water, and land resources, as well as changes in
traditional methods of creating and distributing goods and services. Since the Pollution
Prevention Act of 1990, the Agency has increasingly focused on preventative and
sustainable approaches to health and environmental problems. EPA's efforts in this
area support research specifically designed to address the issue of advancing
sustainability goals.

The range of research programs and initiatives will both continue the work of better
understanding the scientific basis of our environmental and human health problems as
well as advance the design of sustainable solutions through approaches such as green
chemistry and green engineering.

In FY 2011, EPA will initiate a new research effort in design methods and management
strategies for electronic devices to mitigate human exposure and environmental
releases from the recycling and disposal of electronic waste. In addition, EPA will
sustain the biofuels research initiative to help decision-makers better understand the
risk tradeoffs associated with biofuels production and use. The work will inform the life-
cycle analysis and mandatory reporting requirements contained in the Energy
Independence and Security Act. The STS research program also will continue efforts
aimed at creating a suite of science-based sustainability metrics that are readily
understood by the public. This work will address both large and small systems,
including the implementation and tracking of sustainability metrics across the biofuels
system.

* For more information, see http:/mww.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Memorandum-for-the-Heads-of-Executive-
Departments-and-Agencies-3-9-09/.

58


Categorical Grants

Water Pollution Control (Clean Water Act Section 106) Grants

The FY 2011 EPA request includes $274.3 million for Water Pollution Control grants.
The $45 million increase will strengthen the base state, interstate and Tribal programs,
address emerging water quality issues such as nutrients and new regulatory
requirements, and support expanded water monitoring and enforcement efforts. This
grant program assists state and Tribal efforts to restore and maintain the quality of the
nation’s water quality standards, improving water quality monitoring and assessment,
implementing Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) and other watershed-related plans,
strengthening the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit
program, implementing practices to reduce pollution from all nonpoint sources, and
supporting sustainable water infrastructure. EPA will work with states to implement the
new rules governing discharges from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
(CAFOs). States and authorized tribes will continue to review and update their water
quality standards as required by the Clean Water Act. EPA encourages states to
continually review and update the water quality criteria in their standards to reflect the
latest scientific information from EPA and other sources. EPA’s goal for FY 2011 is that
64.3 percent of states will have updated their standards to reflect the latest scientific
information in the past three years. In FY 2011, $23.5 million will be designated for
states and tribes that participate in collecting statistically valid water monitoring data and
implement enhancements in their water monitoring programs.

Wetlands Grants

In FY 2011, the request includes $17.2 million for Wetlands Program grants. Through
Wetlands Program Development Grants, states, tribes, and local governments receive
technical and financial assistance. These grants support development of state and
Tribal wetland programs that further the goals of the CWA and improve water quality in
watersheds throughout the country.

Public Water System Supervision Grants

In FY 2011, EPA requests $105.7 million for Public Water System Supervision (PWSS)
grants. These grants provide assistance to implement and enforce National Primary
Drinking Water Regulations to ensure the safety of the Nation's drinking water
resources and to protect public health. In FY 2011, the Agency will emphasize that states
use their PWSS funds to ensure that drinking water systems of all sizes achieve or remain
in compliance and drinking water systems of all sizes are meeting new and existing
regulatory requirements, e.g., Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and
Ground Water Rule.

Tribal General Assistance Program Grants
In FY 2011, EPA will provide $71.4 million in GAP grants, an increase of $8.5 million, to

help build Tribal environmental capacity to assess environmental conditions, utilize
available information, and build an environmental program tailored to tribes’ needs. The

76


Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water

In FY 2011, EPA requests an additional $45 million in the Section 106 grants. The new
funding will strengthen the base state, interstate and tribal programs, address emerging
water quality issues such as nutrients and new regulatory requirements, and support
expanded water monitoring and enforcement efforts.

imperiled Urban Waters

Many urban waters are impaired by pathogens, excess nutrients, and contaminated
sediments that result from sanitary sewer and combined sewer overflows, polluted runoff
from urban landscapes, and legacy contamination. As part of the Healthy Communities
Initiative, EPA will launch the Community Water Priorities program to address issues
related to urban waters. Through Federal technical support and grants to the states, the
program will advance water quality improvements in urban watersheds through targeted
implementation of core water programs. It also will leverage more effective partnerships
and strategically target resources. With a particular emphasis on disadvantaged
communities, the program will focus water quality protection and restoration efforts on
urban waters.

Appalachian Coal Mining Interagency Action Plan

EPA, the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), and the Department of Interior will implement
the Interagency Action Plan to ensure that Appalachian surface mining projects do not
violate water quality standards or result in significant environmental degradation in the
watershed. Coordinating with the Corps, states, resource agencies, and the public, EPA
will review CWA 404 and 402 permits of concern and negotiate a resolution to
outstanding environmental issues with the Corps and mine operators.

Homeland Security

EPA has a major role in supporting the protection of the nation’s critical water
infrastructure from terrorist threats. EPA will move to the next phase of the Water Security
Initiative (WSI) pilot program, focusing on support and evaluation activities, and will
continue to support water sector-specific agency responsibilities, including the Water
Alliance for Threat Reduction (WATR), to protect the nation’s critical water infrastructure.
The Agency also will continue progress to integrate the Regional laboratory networks and
the WSI pilot laboratories into a national, consistent program. The FY 2011 request
includes $10.4 million for WSI support and evaluation activities and $1.2 million for
WATR.

Research
EPA, in accordance with the Administration’s policy of scientific integrity, conducts
research to provide a scientific foundation for the Agency’s actions to protect America’s

waters, under the authorities of the Clean Water and Safe Drinking Water Acts. The
complementary Drinking Water and Clean Water Research programs are both organized

28


Acronyms

GHG
GPRA
HPPG
HPV
HS
HSWA
HWIR
IAG
ICR
IFMS
IPCC
IRM
ISTEA
ITMRA
LUST
M&O
MACT
MTM
NAAQs
NAFTA
NAPA
NAS
NATA
NCDC
NDPD
NEP
NEPPS
NESHAP
NIPP
NOA
NPDES
NPDWRs
NPL
NPM
NPR
NPS
OA
OAM
OAR
OARM
OCFO
OCHP
OECA
OEl
OERR
OFA
OFPP

OIA
OIG

94

Greenhouse Gas

Government Performance and Results Act

High Priority Performance Goals

High Production Volume

Homeland Security

Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984
Hazardous Waste Identification Media and Process Rules
Interagency Agreements

Information Collection Rule

Integrated Financial Management System
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Information Resource Management

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1995-AKA Clinger/Cohen Act
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

Management and Oversight

Maximum Achievable Control Technology
Mountaintop Mining

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

North American Free Trade Agreement

National Academy of Public Administration

National Academy of Sciences

National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment

National Clean Diesel Campaign

National Data Processing Division

National Estuary Program

National Environmental Performance Partnership System
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
National Infrastructure Protection Plan

New Obligation Authority

National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
National Priority List

National Program Manager

National Performance Review

Nonpoint Source

Office of the Administrator

Office of Acquisition Management

Office of Air and Radiation

Office of Administration and Resources Management
Office of the Chief Financial Officer

Office of Children’s Health Protection

Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
Office of Environmental Information

Office of Emergency and Remedial Response

Other Federal Agencies

Office of Federal Procurement Policy

Office of the General Counsel

Office of International Affairs

Office of the Inspector General


Highlights of Major Budget Changes

Highlights of Major Budget Changes

Taking Action on Climate Change

GHG Rule Rollout

(FY 2011 PB: $20.8M, FY 2010 Enacted: $16.7M, FY 2011 Change: +$4.1M)
. Requests a $4.1 million increase for a total of $20.8 million to support the Greenhouse Gas
Reporting Rule.
. The funding will enable EPA to receive quality-assure, and verify data submitted electronically
from 10,000-15,000 covered facilities. In addition it will fund guidance and support of the first year of
reporting, including technical support meetings and documents, trainings, and workshops.

Energy Efficiency Coordination/ENERGY STAR

(FY 2011 PB: $55.5M, FY 2010 Enacted: $53.6M, FY 2011 Change: +$1.9M)
. Requests a $1.9 million increase for a total of $55.5 million to expand the ENERGY STAR
program across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors.
. Key investments in EPA’s energy efficiency programs will expand their reach and make an
important contribution to advancing the Administration’s climate change objectives.

CAA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Permitting

(FY 2011 PB: $30.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $0M, FY 2011 Change: +$30.0M)
. In FY 2011, states will be developing and deploying the technical capacity needed to address
greenhouse gas emissions in permitting large sources as part of their Clean Air Act programs. The FY
2011 request of $30.0 million, including $25 million for state grants, supports increased state and EPA
efforts.

GHG Standards for Transportation Sources

(FY 2011 PB: $6.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $0.0M, FY 2011 Change: +$6.0M)
. Requests a $2.0 million increase to support the promulgation of GHG standards for passenger
cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles.
. Requests a $4.0 million increase to support analysis and potential development of standards for
other mobile-source categories in order to respond to rulemaking petitions.

Carbon Capture and Sequestration

(FY 2011 PB: $7.1M, FY 2010 Enacted: $4.0M, FY 2011 Change: +$3.1M)
. Requests a $3.1 million increase for a total of $7.1 million to analyze the applicability of Clean Air
Act Authority, and conduct further analyses related to carbon capture and sequestration (CCS)
technology.
. Issues include developing guidance materials and building state capacity for future regulation of
underground injection of CO2 and determining applicability of the Clean Air Act, and other
environmental statutes, to the capture, transport, and storage components of a CCS project and
evaluating technical and economic implications of applying carbon dioxide capture to currently
regulated industry sectors.


Categorical Grants

grants will develop environmental education and outreach programs, develop and
implement integrated solid waste management plans, and alert EPA to serious
conditions that pose immediate public health and ecological threats.

Underground Injection Control (UIC) Grants

The FY 2011, EPA requests $11.1 million for the Underground Injection Control grants
program. Ensuring safe underground injection of waste materials is a fundamental
component of a comprehensive source water protection program. Grants are provided to
states that have primary enforcement authority (primacy) to implement and maintain UIC
programs. EPA and the states will continue to address Classes |, II, and Ill existing
wells determined to be in significant violation and Class V wells determined to be in
violation in FY 2011. EPA and the states also will close or permit Motor Vehicle Waste
Disposal wells (Class V) identified during FY 2011. In addition, states and EPA will
process UIC permit applications for experimental carbon sequestration projects and
gather information from these pilots to facilitate the permitting of large scale commercial
carbon sequestration in the future.

BEACH Act Grants

The FY 2011 request includes $9.9 million for the 35 states and territories with Great
Lakes or coastal shorelines to protect public health at the Nation's beaches. The
Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health Act (BEACH Act) of October
2000 authorizes EPA to award grants to help eligible states and territories develop and
implement beach bacteria monitoring and notification programs. These programs
inform the public about the risk of exposure to disease-causing microorganisms in
coastal waters (including the Great Lakes).

Non-Point Source Program Grants (NPS — Clean Water Act Section 319)

In FY 2011, EPA requests $200.9 million for Nonpoint Source Program grants to states,
territories, and tribes. These grants enable states to use a range of tools to implement
their programs including: both non-regulatory and regulatory programs, technical
assistance, financial assistance, education, training, technology transfer, and
demonstration projects. The request also eliminates the statutory one-third of one-
percent cap on Clean Water Act Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution grants that may
be awarded to tribes. EPA’s goal is to reduce annually the amount of runoff of
phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment through 319-funded projects by 4.5 million pounds,
8.5 million pounds, and 700,000 tons, respectively.

Multi-Media Tribal Implementation Grants
In FY 2011, EPA requests $30.0 million for a new multi-media grant program, which will be
tailored to address an individual tribe’s most serious environmental needs through the

implementation of Federal environmental programs. These grants will build upon the
environmental capacity developed under the Indian General Assistance Program (GAP).

77


Infrastructure Financing

Infrastructure / STAG Project Financing

(Dollars in Thousands)

Delta
FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 11PB-
Type / Grant Enacted PresBud FY 10EN
Clean Water State Revolving Fund $2,100,000 $2,000,000 -$100,000
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund $1,387,000 $1,287,000 -$100,000
State Revolving Funds $3,487,000 $3,287,000 -$200,000
Mexico Border $17,000 $10,000 -$7,000
Alaska Native Villages $13,000 $10,000 -$3,000
Special Needs Projects $30,000 $20,000 -$10,000
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant
Program* $60,000 $60,000 $0
Targeted Airshed Grants $20,000 $0 -$20,000
Brownfields Projects $100,000 $138,254 $38,254
Specified Infrastructure Grants $156,777 $0 $156,777
Infrastructure Assistance Total $3,853,777 $3,505,254 -$348,523
Hunter's Point, California $8,000 $0 -$8,000
Total: Infrastructure Assistance +
Specified Infrastructure Grants for
Hunter’s Point $3,861,777 $3,505,254 -$356,523

* Formerly the Clean Schoo! Bus
Initiative.

Infrastructure and Special Projects Funds

The 2011 President's Budget includes a total of $3.5 billion for EPA’s Infrastructure
programs in the State and Tribal Assistance Grant (STAG) account. This budget
continues robust funding for the SRFs at $3.3 billion, following an unprecedented
increase provided in FY 2010.

Infrastructure and targeted projects funding under the STAG appropriation provides
financial assistance to states, municipalities, interstates, and Tribal governments to fund
a variety of drinking water, wastewater, air and Brownfields environmental projects.
These funds help fulfill the Federal government's commitment to help our state, Tribal

83


Overview

Environmental Protection Agency’s
FY 2011 Budget by Goal

Total Agency: $10,020 Million

Goal 5
8.2% Goal 1
L 11.9%
Goal 4
16.7%
$1,674 M
$1,752 M
oe Goal 2
ewe 45.7%

Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water

O Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration

Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

& Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

Note: Dollar totals in chart exclude a $10 million rescission to prior year funds. Totals
may not add due to rounding.


SRF Obligations by State

Infrastructure Assistance:
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (SRF)

(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2009 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011

ACT. ARRA ACT. EST. EST.

STATE OBLIG. OBLIG. OBLIG. OBLIG.

Alabama $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $16,823.0 $15,608.0
Alaska $0.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
American Samoa $1,434.5 $483.0 $2,057.0 $0.0
Arizona $24,794.0 $55,340.0 $27,259.0 $25,290.0
Arkansas $10,229.0 $24,485.0 $20,539.0 $19,056.0
California $133,107.7 $159,008.0 $126,958.0 $117,792.0
Colorado $14,350.0 $34,352.0 $24,074.0 $22,335.0
Connecticut $0.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
Delaware $10,385.7 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
District of Columbia $0.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
Florida $36,792.0 $88,074.0 $44,316.0 $41,116.0
Georgia $22,882.0 $54,775.0 $32,071.0 $29,755.0
Guam $885.4 $2,124.0 $5,138.0 $0.0
Hawaii $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
Idaho $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
Illinois $33,226.0 $79,538.0 $51,230.0 $47,531.0
Indiana $11,487.0 $27,212.0 $22,638.0 $21,003.0
lowa $10,148.0 $24,293.0 $23,169.0 $21,496.0
Kansas $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $16,605.0 $15,406.0
Kentucky $8,543.0 $20,450.0 $19,592.0 $18,178.0
Louisiana $11,540.0 $27,626.0 $25,649.0 $23,797.0
Maine $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
Maryland $14,266.5 $26,832.0 $21,059.0 $19,538.0
Massachusetts $21,813.0 $52,216.0 $25,303.0 $23,476.0
Michigan $28,178.0 $67,454.0 $41,226.0 $38,250.0
Minnesota $14,667.0 $24,577.0 $22,776.0 $21,132.0
Mississippi $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,125.0 $13,105.0
Missouri $15,816.0 $37,862.0 $26,234.0 $24,340.0
Montana $1,473.8 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
Nebraska $8,248.3 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
Nevada $0.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
New Hampshire $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
New Jersey $18,027.0 $43,154.0 $28,995.0 $26,901.0
New Mexico. $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
New York $36,265.0 $86,811.0 $89,427.0 $82,970.0
North Carolina $27,414.0 $65,625.0 $35,593.0 $33,023.0
North Dakota $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
Northern Mariana Islands $1,012.8 $1,829.0 $6,148.0 $0.0
Ohio $24,421.0 $58,460.0 $43,610.0 $40,461.0
Oklahoma $13,151.0 $31,481.0 $16,863.0 $15,646.0
Oregon $11,912.0 $28,515.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
Pennsylvania $31,905.3 $65,681.0 $39,766.0 $36,894.0
Puerto Rico $0.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
Rhode Island $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
South Carolina $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
South Dakota $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
Tennessee $8,454.0 $20,238.0 $15,084.0 $13,995.0
Texas $67,166.8 $160,656.0 $86,254.0 $80,026.0
Utah $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
Vermont $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
Virgin Islands, U.S. $0.0 $1,999.0 $7,016.0 $0.0
Virginia $17,352.9 $20,761.0 $23,008.0 $21,347.0
Washington $17,464.0 $41,806.0 $34,650.0 $32,148.0
West Virginia $8,280.2 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
Wisconsin $15,770.0 $37,750.0 $23,399.0 $21,710.0
‘Wyoming $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $13,573.0 $12,593.0
Tribal Resources $8,362.6 $30,000.0 $27,740.0 $25,740.0
Undistributed National Resources $2,033.2 $0.0 $2,000.0 $20,889.0
TOTAL: $865,448.7 $1,969,467.0 $1,387,000.0 $1,287,000.0

Note: Estimated Obligations are based on the FY 2010 Enacted Budget and the FY 2011 President's Budget.

81


92


60


Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

improvement Through these efforts, EPA will encourage government and business to
adopt source reduction practices that can help to prevent pollution and avoid resulting
health and environmental impacts. P2 grants to states and tribes enable them to
provide technical assistance, education, and outreach to assist businesses.

In FY 2011, through the Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program (EPP), the
Agency will be a leader in implementing the Federal Electronics Challenge, a
partnership that encourages federal agencies to purchase and properly utilize cleaner
and safer electronic products. In addition, EPA’s Green Suppliers Network Program will
continue to work with large manufacturers to engage their small and medium-sized
suppliers in low-cost technical reviews that focus on process improvements and waste
reduction. Through the Design for the Environment (DfE) and Green Chemistry
programs, EPA will remain active in promoting and recognizing the use of greener
chemicals, synthetic pathways, and formulations. The DfE Program helped companies
reduce the use of more than 460 million pounds of hazardous materials in 2008 alone.

In FY 2011, through the National Partnership for Environmental Priorities (NPEP), the
Agency will continue to reduce priority chemicals in wastes. As of August 2009, the
NPEP program has obtained industry commitments for over eight million pounds of
additional chemical reductions through 2014. Reductions will be achieved by recycling
and/or source reduction made possible by safer chemical substitutes.

In FY 2011, EPA will focus its regulatory innovation work to accomplish a new
Administration priority to promote greener, revitalized, sustainable communities and
regional and national communities. This approach will help the Agency meet its core
mission goals more efficiently by providing more tools and resources to communities
and by creating stronger, more resilient communities. This area of work recognizes the
importance of coordinating and integrating Agency strategies and address emerging
cross-cutting issues to support greener national and local economies.

Promoting a Greener Economy

During FY 2011, EPA will realign and build upon its prior innovation and cross-media
experience with a strategic focus on efforts that help to advance the goal of a greener
economy. EPA also is analyzing and promoting new strategies for: energy and natural
resource use, materials management, increased sustainability in goods and services,
and financial transparency on environmental issues. These new efforts are designed to
maximize the longer-term benefits of near-term investments in a cleaner, healthier
environment and economy.

Program Evaluation

EPA uses program evaluation and performance analysis to support evidence-based
decisions about which programs protect human health and the environment in the most
efficient and the most cost-effective ways. This is particularly important in an era of
fiscal responsibility that calls for greater Federal accountability and public transparency

56


Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

In FY 2011, EPA is providing additional resources to the states and local governments
to implement the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) by monitoring air
quality and developing and implementing State Implementation Plans. In addition, EPA
will develop guidance on GHG permitting for the states and local governments for
anticipated GHG permitting work. To complement that work and to respond to pending
legal obligations, EPA will assess and potentially develop New Source Performance
Standards for GHGs and regulations for large transportation sources. EPA will also be
implementing GHG regulations completed in FY 2009 and expected to be completed in
2010 such as the Mandatory Reporting Rule and the Light Duty Vehicle Rule.

EPA's key clean air programs, including those addressing six common "criteria"
pollutants: particulate matter, ozone, lead, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon
monoxide, and our work on acid rain, air toxics, indoor air, radiation and stratospheric
ozone depletion, focus on some of the highest health and environmental risks faced by
the country. Recent updates for the NAAQS for lead, and proposed updates for ozone
could yield significant health and environmental benefits. Every year, state, local, tribal
and federal air pollution programs established under the Clean Air Act prevent tens of
thousands of premature mortalities, millions of incidences of chronic and acute illness,
tens of thousands of hospitalizations and emergency room visits, and millions of lost
work and schools days.

High Priority Performance Goal

EPA will improve the country’s ability to measure and control greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions. Building a foundation for action is essential.

+ By June 15, 2011, EPA will make publically available 100% of facility-level GHG
emissions data submitted to EPA in compliance with the GHG Reporting Rule.

+ EPA, working with US DOT, will begin implementation in 2011 of regulations
designed to reduce the GHG emissions from light duty vehicles sold in the US
starting with model year 2012.

Clean Air

Cleaner cars, industries, and consumer products have contributed to cleaner air for
Americans in much of the U.S. Since 1990, nationwide air quality has improved
significantly for the six criteria air pollutants for which there are national ambient air
quality standards. Despite this progress, millions of Americans still live in areas that
exceed one or more of the national standards. Ground-level ozone and particle
pollution still present challenges in many areas of the country. In FY 2008, EPA
promulgated a more protective standard for lead; we recently proposed a new standard
for ozone. In FY 2011, we will continue to work with state, local, and tribal agencies to
ensure active progress toward meeting these new standards.

18


Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

manage their natural resources and protect the health of their citizens, EPA also helps
to protect human health and the environment in the U.S

To sustain and enhance domestic and international environmental progress, EPA
enlists the cooperation of other nations and international organizations to help predict,
understand, and address environmental problems of mutual concern. Sound
environmental laws, regulations, policies, and their enforcement and implementation
form an essential foundation for effective global environmental management. However,
only sustainable economic solutions in developed and developing nations will bring real
reductions in worldwide levels of GHG’s or other pollutants of concern.

EPA is committed to reducing the concentration and emissions of long-lived climate-
warming gases while at the same time finding ways to assist communities, especially
those most at risk, to adapt to climate-induced changes, nationally and internationally.
EPA recognizes that adaptation cannot be imposed on anyone but rather, must at its
core be a community-led consultative process that leads to actions that improve the
lives and conditions of affected communities. On climate mitigation EPA is also actively
working to identify additional ways to reduce the panoply of short-lived but potent
climate pollutants such as black carbon soot, tropospheric ozone and methane, in the
interest of trying to mitigate climate warming most immediately on the scale of
continents and regions, while continuing to grapple with reducing the long-lived climate-
warming gases.

EPA assists in the coordination of its international and domestic environmental policies
so that U.S. international obligations are informed by domestic policy and expertise, that
domestic programs fulfill international obligations, and that actions by other countries
needed to reach domestic goals are catalyzed and promoted. .

Consistent with the principles of sustainable development, protecting the environment
and public health in the U.S.-Mexico border region are also priorities for Mexico and the
United States under the Border 2012 Agreement. The key to sustaining and enhancing
progress, both domestically and internationally, is the collaborative efforts of national,
Tribal, state, and local governments, international organizations, the private sector, and
concerned citizens.

Research

EPA has a responsibility to ensure that efforts to reduce potential environmental risks
are based on the best available scientific information. Strong science allows for
identification of the most important sources of risk to human health and the
environment, as well as the best means to detect, abate, and avoid possible
environmental problems, and thereby guides our priorities, policies, and deployment of
resources. To accelerate the pace of environmental protection for healthy people,
communities, and ecosystems, EPA is engaging in high-priority, cutting-edge,
multidisciplinary research efforts in areas related to human health, ecosystems,
mercury, global change, pesticides and toxics, endocrine disruptors, computational

47


Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

Strategic Goal: Protect human health and the environment through ensuring
compliance with environmental requirements by enforcing environmental statutes,
preventing pollution, and promoting environmental stewardship. Encourage innovation
and provide incentives for governments, businesses, and the public that promote
environmental stewardship and long-term sustainable outcomes.

Resource Summary

i ($ in 000)

> FY 2010 FY 2011 Difference

8.2% of Budget Enacted President's FY 2010 EN to

Budget Budget FY 2011 PresBud

1 - Improve Compliance $531,383 $545,315 $13,932

2 - Improve Environmental

Performance through Pollution

Prevention and Innovation $111,467 $102,408 ($9,059)

3 - Build Tribal Capacity $80,732 $124,477 $43,745

4 - Enhance Science and Research $58,340 $51,945 ($6,395)

Goal 5 Total $781,922 $824,146 $42,224

Workyears 3,367 3,329 (37)

Numbers may not add due to rounding.

Protecting the public and the environment from risks posed by violations of
environmental regulations is central to the Environmental Protection Agency's mission
and a priority for this Administration. EPA ensures that government, business, and the
public comply with federal laws and regulations by monitoring compliance and taking
enforcement actions that result in reduced pollution and improved environmental
conditions.

Laws and regulations provide the fundamental building blocks of our environmental
protection system and establish a level playing field for companies and citizens alike.
Many of America’s historic environmental improvements are attributable to EPA’s strong
and aggressive enforcement program. To help the Agency meet its mission, EPA will
continue to employ a vigorous civil and criminal enforcement program to protect the
public from environmental hazards, with a particular emphasis on the protection of
vulnerable communities.

St


SRF Obligations by State

Infrastructure Assistance:
Clean Water State Revolving Fund (SRF)

(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2009 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011
ACT. ARRA ACT. EST. EST.

STATE OBLIG. OBLIG. OBLIG. OBLIG.

Alabama $7,685.9 $44,264.2 $23,013.0 $21,917.0
Alaska $4,113.8 $23,691.9 $12,317.0 $11,731.0
American Samoa $200.0 $3,554.0 $11,129.0 $10,619.0
Arizona $6,157.9 $26,737.0 $13,901.0 $13,238.0
Arkansas: $100.0 $25,895.0 $13,463.0 $12,822.0
California $50,490.0 $283,080.5 $147,193.0 $140,180.0
Colorado $5,498.2 $31 664.8 $16,463.0 $15,678.0
Connecticut $8,420.5 $48,495.3 $25,213.0 $24,012.0
Delaware $100.0 $19,433.4 $10,103.0 $9,622.0
District of Columbia $109.5 $14,573.0 $10,103.0 $9,622.0
Florida $26,182.2 $133,622.6 $69,471.0 $66,161.0
Georgia $11,621.6 $66,930.6 $34,797.0 $33,139.0
Guam $446.5 $2,571.5 $8,052.0 $7,683.0
Hawaii $114.7 $30,658.9 $15,940.0 $15,180.0
Idaho. $3,374.3 $19,433.4 $10,103.0 $9,622.0
Illinois $30,775.8 $179,033.4 $93,080.0 $88,645.0
Indiana $16,747.7 $95,401.5 $49,600.0 $47,236.0
lowa $18,505.2 $53,575.8 $27,854.0 $26,527.0
Kansas $6,204.3 $35,731.5 $18,577.0 $17,692.0
Kentucky $8,748.1 $50,381.9 $26,194.0 $24,946.0
Louisiana $11,952.4 $43,516.2 $22,624.0 $21,546.0
Maine $5,320.8 $30,643.2 $15,932.0 $15,172.0
Maryland $16,624.3 $95,742.0 $49,777.0 $47,405.0
Massachusetts $23,339.6 $134,401.2 $69,876.0 $66,546.0
Michigan $29,554.86 $170,211.1 $88,493.0 $84,277.0
Minnesota $12,633.5 $83,291.6 $37,827.0 $36,025.0
Mississippi $6,192.7 $35,665.0 $18,542.0 $17,659.0
Missouri $19,354.8 $109,739.2 $57,054.0 $54,335.0
Montana $8,374.3 $19,433.4 $10,103.0 $9,622.0
Nebraska $3,521.8 $20,247.5 $10,527.0 $10,025.0
Nevada $100.0 $19,433.4 $10,103.0 $9,622.0
New Hampshire $13,638.0 $39,559.5 $20,567.0 $19,587.0
New Jersey $28,088.2 $161,764.5 $84,102.0 $80,095.0
New Mexico $4,187.2 $19,433.3 $10,103.0 $9,622.0
New York $82,054.8 $436,933.4 $227,170.0 $216,345.0
North Carolina $124.1 $71 443.5 $37,144.0 $35,374.0
North Dakota $6,648.6 $16,833.4 $10,103.0 $9,622.0
Northern Mariana Islands $200.0 $1,651.7 $5,172.0 $4,935.0
Ohio $76,616.7 $222,851.9 $115,861.0 $110,341.0
Oklahoma $661.7 $31,981.8 $16,627.0 $15,835.0
Oregon $7,724.7 $44,718.2 $23,249.0 $22,141.0
Pennsylvania $272.3 $156,805.6 $81,524.0 $77,639.0
Puerto Rico $18,440.8 $51 ,630.5 $26,843.0 $25,564.0
Rhode Island $100.0 $26,580.4 $13,819.0 $13,161.0
South Carolina $7,041.6 $40,553.7 $21,084.0 $20,079.0
South Dakota $3,460.5 $19,433.4 $10,103.0 $9,622.0
Tennessee $9,985.0 $57,505.5 $29,897.0 $28,473.0
Texas $31 433.5 $180,932.6 $94,067.0 $89,585.0
Utah $3,621.6 $20,858.6 $10,844.0 $10,328.0
Vermont $3,374.3 $19,433.4 $10,103.0 $9,622.0
Virgin Islands, U.S. $0.0 $1,962.7 $6,459.0 $6,163.0
Virginia $14,135.3 $81,013.4 $42,119.0 $40,112.0
Washington $11,971.4 $68,840.5 $35,791.0 $34,085.0
West Virginia $10,715.0 $61 ,709.2 $32,083.0 $30,554.0
Wisconsin $18,582.3 $107,018.5 $55,639.0 $52,988.0
Wyoming $3,374.3 $19,433.4 $10,103.0 $9,622.0
Tribal Resources $6,341.4 $60,000.0 $42,000.0 $40,000.0
Undistributed National Resources $61.8 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0
TOTAL: $705,420.3 $3,971,936.6 $2,100,000.0 $2,000,000.0

Note: Estimated Obligations are based on the FY 2010 Enacted Budget and the FY 2011 President's Budget.

80


Highlights of Major Budget Changes

Multimedia Tribal Implementation Grants

(FY 2011 PB: $30.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $0.0M, FY 2011 Change: +$30.0M)
. Requests $30.0 million for a new grant program that will allow the Agency to provide targeted
multi-media grants to tribes for implementation of Federal environmental programs.
. Tribes will be able to develop and implement programs consistent with EPA statutory authorities
such as CAA 105, CWA 106, RCRA and other tribal priorities. This may include tribal activities such as
monitoring, permitting, and other implementation responsibilities.

Tribal Capacity Building

(FY 2011 PB: $15.0, FY 2010 Enacted: $12.1M, FY 2011 Change: +$2.9M)
. Requests a $2.9 million increase and 15.0 FTE for an increase for implementation of the new
multi-media grant program.
. These funds support new positions to oversee, provide guidance, and ensure accountability to
the new grant program and ongoing Tribal GAP work. On-the-ground FTE will provide direct technical
assistance to tribes.

Tribal GAP

(FY 2011 PB: $71.4M, FY 2010 Enacted: $62.9M, FY 2011 Change: +$8.5M)
. Requests an $8.5 million increase for the Agency to increase the base funding available for GAP
grants, providing tribes with a stronger foundation to build Tribal capacity to implement environmental
programs, continuing EPA’s partnership and collaboration with the tribes.
. By increasing GAP grant funding, the Agency is encouraging a stronger environmental program
base, and therefore allowing more tribes to take advantage of the new multi-media implementation
program starting in FY 2011.

Additional Flexibility
. In FY 2011, the President's budget is requesting additional State Revolving Fund grant transfer
authority between the Clean Water Indian Set-Aside Grant and Drinking Water Infrastructure Grants
Tribal Set-Aside programs.
. Allows tribes the flexibility to direct drinking water and wastewater funds to their highest priority
projects, providing the same authority to tribes that is currently available to states.

Research and Development (R&D) Initiatives

Computational Toxicology
(FY 2011 PB: $21.9M, FY 2010 Enacted: $20.0M, FY 2011 Change: +$1.9M)

. Requests a $1.9 million increase for a total of $21.9 million for next-generation tools to speed and
facilitate implementation of the Agency’s Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP). The
application of these tools will introduce a more efficient approach to identifying potential endocrine
disruptors and apply this information across the life cycle of a chemical. This research is critical to help
the Agency meet its priority of strengthening chemicals management and risk assessment.

Science to Achieve Results (STAR)

(FY 2011 PB: $87.2M, FY 2010 Enacted: $61.4M, FY 2011 Change: +$25.8M)
. Requests a $25.8 million increase for a total of $87.2 million to support research in key areas in
support of the Administrator's priorities.
. STAR contains EPA’s primary competitive grants program for funding extramural research in
environmental science and engineering for universities and nonprofit organizations. Through STAR
fellowships, EPA supports the Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) government
wide initiative.


Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

sentences and criminal fines, for such violations. Bringing criminal cases sends a
strong deterrence message for potential violators, enhancing aggregate compliance
with laws and regulations and protecting our communities.

In FY 2011, the Criminal Enforcement program will continue to expand its identification
and investigation of cases with significant environmental, human health, and deterrence
impact while balancing its overall case load of cases across all pollution statutes. By
the end of FY 2010, the program will have completed its three-year hiring strategy,
raising the number of special agents to 200. With these resources, the program will
expand its capacity in supporting efforts to address complex environmental cases in FY
2011. The Criminal Enforcement program’s proposed budget is $59.5 million.

EPA fulfills its uniquely Federal responsibilities under the National Environmental Policy
Act (NEPA) and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act by reviewing and commenting on other
Federal agency Environmental Impact Statements (EISs), and making the comments
available to the public. NEPA requires that Federal agencies prepare and submit ElSs
to identify potential environmental consequences of major proposed activities, and
develop plans to mitigate or eliminate adverse impacts. EPA will continue to work with
other Federal agencies to streamline and to improve their NEPA processes. Work will
focus on a number of key areas such as review and comment on mining, on-shore and
off-shore liquid natural gas facilities, coal bed methane development and other energy-
related projects. EPA will also be conducting work as part of the Appalachian Coal
Mining Interagency Action Plan. In FY 2011, the NEPA program’s proposed budget is
$18.5 million.

Improving Environmental Performance’ through Pollution Prevention,
Stewardship and Innovation

In FY 2011, EPA is reorienting it innovation programs to accomplish a new
Administration priority—environmental stewardship strategies that promote a green,
revitalized, sustainable economy. This will build from work done in previous years, and
actively engage all parts of society (business, communities, government and
individuals) in actions to promote actions that improve environmental quality and
achieve sustainable results. EPA will draw on its innovation and cross media
experience to provide strategic focus analysis and coordination across the Agency, with
States and with other Federal agencies.

In FY 2011, with a request of $15.4 million, EPA’s Pollution Prevention (P2) program will
provide technical assistance, information and supporting assessments to encourage the
use of greener chemicals, technologies, processes, and products through eight principal
programs: Environmentally Preferable Purchasing, Design for the Environment, Green
Suppliers Network, Regional Grants, Pollution Prevention Resource Exchange,
Partnership for Sustainable Healthcare, Green Chemistry and Green Engineering. In
addition, EPA’s P2 program will continue to support the new Economy, Energy and
Environment (E3) partnership among federal agencies, local governments and
manufacturers to promote energy efficiency, job creation and environmental

5S


Overview

and to enhance the important joint DOT/HUD/EPA outreach and related efforts with
communities on sustainable development.

Improving a community's ability to make decisions that affect its environment is at the
heart of EPA’s community-centered work. This budget supports EPA efforts to
accelerate brownfields cleanups through effective outreach and job creation in
disadvantaged communities. The budget includes an increase of $42 million to invest in
revitalizing once productive community properties by removing blight, satisfying a
growing demand for land, limiting urban sprawl, fostering habitat enhancements, and
spurring economic development.

In addition, EPA will integrate and leverage its assessment and cleanup authorities to
address a greater number of contaminated sites, accelerate cleanups, and put those
sites back into productive use while protecting human health and the environment. An
element of this strategy will be to identify and define and implement new program
measures to better portray progress and improve transparency. By deploying all
cleanup tools available, including strengthened enforcement and compliance efforts,
this request supports EPA’s commitment to helping communities address cleaning up
our communities.

Builds Strong State and Tribal Partnerships

This budget includes $1.3 billion for State and Tribal categorical grants. Our partners
are working diligently to implement new and expanded requirements under the Clean
Air Act (CAA) and Clean Water Act (CWA), and need additional support during a time of
constrained state budgets. Increases for air grants include $25 million for development
and deployment of technical capacity needed to address greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions in permitting under the CAA and $60 million to support increased state
workload for implementation of updated National Ambient Air Quality Standards. An
additional $45 million is requested for states to enhance their clean water enforcement
and permitting programs. In order to help tribes move beyond capacity building to
implementation of environmental programs, $30 million is budgeted for a new Tribal
Multi-media Implementation grant program. To further enhance Tribal capacity this
budget also includes an additional $9 million for Tribal General Assistance Program
grants.

Supports Action on Climate Change and Improves Air Quality

EPA will take meaningful, common sense steps to improving air quality and addressing
climate change. Making the right choices now will allow the Agency to improve public
health, drive technology innovation for a better economy, and protect the environment —
all without placing an undue burden on the nation’s economy.

EPA’s FY 2011 budget requests $43.5 million in new funding for additional regulatory
efforts aimed to reduce GHG emissions and address the Climate and Clean Energy
Challenge. This includes $25 million for state grants focused on developing the
technical capacity for addressing GHG in their CAA permitting activities and an


Categorical Grants

To facilitate environmental program implementation on Tribal lands, in FY 2011 EPA will
for the first time offer a multi-media grant to Tribal governments. This new grant will
support tribes as they address critical needs and allow them to implement their highest
priority environmental programs.

Also, to help improve EPA's grants management, the Agency is working with the states
to establish a standardized template for states to use in developing and submitting their
workplans for continuing environmental program grants. Based on experience with
initial template strategies gained in FY 2007 and FY 2008, EPA will continue to partner
with states on implementation in FY 2011.

HIGHLIGHTS:

State & Local Air Quality Management, Radon, and Tribal Air Quality
Management Grants

The FY 2011 request includes $330.7 million for grants to support state, local, and
Tribal air management and radon programs, an increase of $82.5 million. Grant funds
for State and Local Air Quality Management and Tribal Air Quality Management are
requested in the amounts of $309.0 million and $13.6 million, respectively. These funds
provide resources to multi-state, state, local, and Tribal air pollution control agencies for
the development and implementation of programs for the prevention and control of air
pollution and for the implementation of National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) set to protect public health and the environment. In FY 2011, EPA will
continue to work with state and local air pollution control agencies to develop or
implement state implementation plans (SIPs) for NAAQS (including the 8-hour ozone
standard, the fine particle (PM-2.5) standard, the lead standard) and also for regional
haze. In addition, EPA will continue support of state and local operation of the 27-site
National Air Toxics Trends Stations network.

EPA will work with federally-recognized Tribal governments nationwide to continue
development and implementation of Tribal air quality management programs. Tribes
are active in protection of air quality for the 4 percent of the land mass of the United
States over which they have sovereignty, and work closely with EPA to monitor and
report air quality information from over 300 monitors. Lastly, this request includes $8.1
million for Radon grants to continue funding priority activities that reduce health risks.
These activities include reducing radon levels in existing homes and promoting the
construction of new homes with radon reducing features.

72


Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water

compliance with safe drinking water standards. EPA will also continue to work with utilities
to promote technical, financial, and managerial capacity as a critical means to meet
infrastructure needs, and further enhance program performance and efficiency, and to
ensure compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act.

Climate and Clean Energy Challenge

In order to support a potentially important climate mitigation technology, EPA will build on
its regulatory framework for Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS). As part of the
Agency's efforts to meet the Climate and Clean Energy Challenge, EPA is requesting an
additional $1.1 million to support the Agency’s work on geologic sequestration to ensure
the integrity of underground drinking water aquifers. This includes completing guidance
to implement the rule (e.g., monitoring, modeling, and Area of Review determinations),
building state and regional capacity to issue permits, training permit writers to review
complex data, and communicating that there is a protective program in place for Geologic
Sequestration wells. In FY 2011, states and EPA will process Underground Injection
Control permit applications for experimental carbon sequestration and gather information
from these pilots to facilitate the permitting of large-scale commercial carbon
sequestration in the future.

Clean Water

In FY 2011, EPA will continue to collaborate with states and tribes to make progress
toward EPA’s clean water goals. EPA’s FY 2011 request includes a total of $485.1
million in categorical grants for clean water programs. EPA will implement core clean
water programs and apply promising innovations, on a watershed basis, to accelerate
water quality improvements. Building on 30 years of clean water successes, EPA, in
conjunction with states and tribes, will implement the Clean Water Act by focusing on
TMDLs and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits built upon
scientifically sound water quality standards, effective water monitoring, strong programs
for controlling nonpoint sources of pollution, stringent discharge permit programs, and
revolving fund capitalization grants to our partners to build, revive, and “green” our aging
infrastructure.

The Agency’s FY 2011 request continues the monitoring initiative begun in 2005 to
strengthen the nationwide monitoring network and complete the baseline water quality
assessment of the nation’s waters. The results of these efforts are scientifically-
defensible water quality data and information essential for cleaning up and protecting the
nation’s waters. Progress in improving coastal and ocean waters documented in the
National Coastal Condition Report, will focus on assessing coastal conditions, reducing
vessel discharges, implementing coastal nonpoint source pollution programs, managing
dredged material and supporting international marine pollution control. EPA will continue
to provide annual capitalization to the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) to
enable EPA partners to improve wastewater treatment, non-point sources of pollution,
and estuary revitalization. Realizing the long-term benefits derived from the CWSRF, EPA
is continuing our CWSRF commitment by requesting $2.0 billion in FY 2011.

27


70


Resources by Program Area

Resources by Program Area

(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2010 FY 2011 Change
FY 2009 Enacted President's —_ FY10 Enacted to
Actuals Budget Budget FY11 PresBud
Science & Technology

Air Toxics and Quality $105,383.2 $121,857.0 $124,827.0 $2,90.0
Climate Protection Program $15,880.0 $19,797.0 $16,940.0 -$2,857.0
Enforcement $14,450.6 $15,351.0 $15,909.0 $558.0
Homeland Security $66,320.5 $65,276.0 $51,297.0 -$13,979.0
(Water Sentinel) ($16,798.2) ($18,576.0) ($11,643.0) (-$6,933.0)
(Decontamination) ($24,064.7) ($24,857.0) ($21,703.0) (-$3,154.0)
(Laboratory Preparedness and Response) (8648.8) ($499.0) ($0.0) ($499.0)
(Safe Building) (82,181.0) ($1,996.0) ($0.0) €81,996.0)
Indoor Air $1,077.5 $1,215.0 $1,229.0 $14.0
IT/ Data Management / Security $3,852.1 $4,385.0 $4,111.0 $274.0
Operations and Administration $73,519.6 $72,918.0 $70,495.0 -$2,423.0
(Rent) ($36,892.0) ($33,947.0) ($30,950.0) ($2,997.0)
(Wiilities) ($15,710.5) ($19,177.0) ($19,893.0) ($716.0)
(Security) ($8,812.72) ($10,260.0) ($10,349.0) ($89.0)
Pesticides Licensing $5,724.0 $6,566.0 $6,664.0 $98.0
Research: Clean Air $107,535.1 $102,743.0 $107,307.0 $4,564.0
(Research: Global Change) ($17,264.1) ($20,826.0) ($21,985.0) (1,159.0)
Research: Clean Water $108, 688.7 $111,073.0 $121,116.0 $10,043.0
Research / Congressional Priorities $5,282.0 $5,700.0 $0.0 -$5,700.0
Research: Human Health and Ecosystems. $226,649.6 $246,786.0 $256,238.0 $9,452.0
(Research: Computational Toxicology) ($13,710.1) ($20,048.0) ($21,855.0) ($1,807.0)
(Research: Endocrine Disruptor) ($9,948.72) ($11,355.0) ($17,378.0) ($6,023.0)
(Research: Fellowships) ($5,760.7) ($11,083.0) ($17,286.0) ($6,203.0)
Research: Land Protection $11,696.8 $14,111.0 $13,800.0 -$311.0
Research: Sustainability $19,445.7 $27,287.0 $25,292.0 -$1,995.0
Toxic Research and Prevention $28,200.0 $27,347.0 $27,645.0 $298.0
Water: Human Health Protection $3,359.7 $3,637.0 $3,827.0 $190.0
Total, Science & Technology $797,065.1 $846,049.0 $846,697.0 $648.0

Environmental Program & Management
Air Toxics and Quality $195,992.8 $202,160.0 $220,906.0 $18,746.0
Brownfields $23,793.1 $24,152.0 $27,397.0 $3,245.0
Climate Protection Program $97,184.7 $113,044.0 $123,050.0 '$10,006.0
(Energy STAR) ($39,085.5) ($52,606.0) ($55,475.0) ($2,869.0)

NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.

63


Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

Consistent with the Administrator's commitment to Congress, “...to protect the American
public where they live, work, and play [as well as] schoolchildren where they learn,”
from the impacts associated with air toxic pollutants, the request includes funding to
collaborate with states, and communities to identify if and where air toxics pollution is
occurring at unsafe levels, and aggressively reduce air toxics pollution within any at-risk
communities, and around schools and other places where children may be exposed.
This budget includes an increase of $2.3 million to support a limited number of
community pilot programs as they develop and implement air toxics approaches tailored
to their local needs.

Reduce Risks to Indoor Air and Radon Programs

The Indoor Air Program characterizes the risks of indoor air pollutants to human health,
develops techniques for reducing those risks, and educates the public about actions
they can take to reduce their risks from indoor air. EPA educates and encourages
individuals, schools, industry, the health-care community, and others to take action to
reduce health risks in indoor environments. Outreach includes national public
awareness and media campaigns, as well as community-based outreach and
education. EPA also uses technology-transfer to improve the design, operation, and
maintenance of buildings — including schools, homes, and workplaces — to promote
healthier indoor air.

In FY 2011, as a part of the Agency’s Promoting Healthy Communities — Healthy
Schools initiative, the Indoor Air Program will invest an additional $1.1 million in efforts
to improve children's health through the delivery of effective asthma management
strategies in schools and communities. Regional offices will provide support to
communities across the country and will allow targeting of efforts in underserved
communities.

The Radon Program promotes action to reduce the public's risk to indoor radon (second
only to smoking as a cause of lung cancer). This non-regulatory program encourages
and facilitates voluntary national, regional, state, and Tribal programs and activities that
support initiatives targeted to radon testing and mitigation, as well as to radon resistant
new construction.

Clean Energy & Climate Change

The FY 2011 budget request includes additional funding for steps the Agency can take
in the near term to help pave the way to a clean energy future. Most of this funding is
focused on assessing and potentially developing new GHG regulations in response to
legal obligations, or implementing GHG regulations completed in FY 2009 and 2010.
For example, the Agency will implement the GHG Mandatory Reporting Rule while also
including the added benefit of identifying and communicating with industry possible
cost-effective efficiency investments with the resultant GHG reductions.

20


Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration

FY 2011, EPA will continue working with states to optimize operations and monitor
several landfill bioreactors to determine their potential to provide alternative energy in the
form of landfill gas while increasing the nation’s landfill capacity. Additionally,
methamphetamine lab clean up studies will continue to evaluate clean up techniques and
exposure risks. Research efforts also will address science needs for coal combustion
residue regulatory actions.

In FY 2011, research also will continue in the area of nanotechnology fate and transport
as part of the Nanotechnology Research program efforts to address emerging issues and
strategic EPA issues. The goal of this research is to lead the Federal government in
addressing key science questions on the persistence and movement of nanomaterials in
the environment.

37


Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

of our programs. EPA acknowledges that rigorous, independent empirical evidence
plays an important role in effective environmental policy and EPA is committed to
publicly disseminating complete evaluation findings. In FY 2011, EPA will build
evaluation capacity, support a performance management training regimen (online and
classroom) which enables EPA staff and managers to use essential tools such as logic
modeling and performance measurement, and also support outcomes and impact
measurement projects in collaboration with states and other co-regulators. EPA will
make available to the public data that enable external evaluators to assess programs.

Improve Human Health and the Environment in Indian Country

The Administrator's priority on strong partnerships recognizes that Tribes bear important
responsibilities for the day-to-day mission of environmental protection. To help address
this challenge, in FY 2011, EPA is increasing its support of General Assistance Program
(GAP) grants, as well as introducing a new focused multi-media Tribal grant to support
implementation efforts.

Since adopting the EPA Indian Policy in 1984, EPA has worked with Federally-
recognized tribes on a government-to-government basis, in recognition of the Federal
government's trust responsibility to Federally-recognized tribes. Under Federal
environmental statutes, the Agency is responsible for protecting human health and the
environment in Indian country. EPA’s American Indian Environmental Office (AIEO)
leads an Agency wide effort to work with tribes, Alaska Native Villages, and inter-tribal
consortia to fulfill this responsibility. EPA’s strategy for achieving this objective has three
major components:

Establish an Environmental Presence in Indian Country: The Agency will
continue to provide funding through the Indian General Assistance Program so
each federally-recognized tribe can establish an environmental presence.

Provide Access to Environmental Information: EPA will provide the
information tribes need to meet EPA and Tribal environmental priorities, as well
as characterize the environmental and public health improvements that result
from joint actions.

Implementation of Environmental Goals: The Agency will provide
opportunities for the implementation of Tribal environmental programs by tribes,
or directly by EPA, as necessary.

In FY 2011, EPA will provide $71.4 million in GAP grants (an increase of $8.5 million) to
help build Tribal environmental capacity to assess environmental conditions, utilize
available information, and build an environmental program tailored to tribes’ needs. The
grants will develop environmental education and outreach programs, develop and
implement integrated solid waste management plans, and alert EPA to serious
conditions that pose immediate public health and ecological threats.

S7


Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

sources’ emissions; study atmospheric chemistry and model U.S. air quality; investigate
Americans’ exposure to air pollution; and conduct epidemiological, clinical, and
toxicological studies of air pollution’s health effects. The range of research programs
and initiatives will both continue the work of better understanding the scientific basis of
our environmental and human health problems as well as advance the design of
sustainable solutions through approaches such as green chemistry and green
engineering. In FY 2011, the program will continue to focus on the effects of air
pollution near roads on human health, as well as the development and evaluation of
effective mitigation strategies. The Agency will also fund research grants to universities
and nonprofits to study topics such as the relationship between long-term exposure to
fine particles and air pollution mixtures in the atmosphere and the frequency and
progression of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. In FY 2011, EPA requests
$85.3 million for the Clean Air Research program to continue studying Americans’
exposure to air pollution, and the links between sources of pollution and health
outcomes.

Global Change Research is discussed in the Goal 4 overview section.

23


Trust Funds

Atmospheric Administration, and the Department of the Interior, will provide support to
the Agency for Superfund cleanups.

Of the total funding requested, $187 million and 1,076 total workyears are for Superfund
enforcement related activities. One of the Superfund program’s primary goals is to have
responsible parties pay for and conduct cleanups at abandoned or uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites. The Agency focuses on maximizing all aspects of Potentially
Responsible Party (PRP) participation; including reaching a settlement with or taking an
enforcement action by the time of a Remedial Action start at 95 percent of non-Federal
Facility Superfund sites.

CERCLA authorizes the Agency to retain and use funds received pursuant to an
agreement with a PRP to carry out the agreement. EPA retains such funds in special
accounts, which are sub-accounts in EPA’s Superfund Trust Fund. EPA uses special
account funds to finance site-specific CERCLA response actions at the site for which
the account was established. Through the use of special accounts, EPA pursues its
“enforcement first” policy — ensuring responsible parties pay for cleanup — so that
appropriated resources from the Superfund Trust Fund are conserved for sites where
no viable or liable PRPs have been identified. Both special account resources and
appropriated resources are critical to the Superfund program.

The FY 2011 President’s Budget also includes resources supporting Agency-wide
resource management and control functions. This includes essential infrastructure,
contract and grant administration, and financial accounting and other fiscal operations.

In addition, the Agency provides funds for Superfund program research and for auditing.
The President's Budget requests $25 million and 108 total workyears to be transferred
to Research and Development. Research will enable EPA’s Superfund program to
accelerate scientifically defensible and cost-effective decisions for cleanup at complex
contaminated Superfund sites. The Superfund research program is driven by program
office needs to reduce the cost of cleaning up Superfund sites, improve the efficiency of
characterizing and remediating sites, and reduce the scientific uncertainties for
improved decision-making at Superfund sites. The President’s Budget also requests
$10 million and 66 total workyears to be transferred to the Inspector General for
program auditing.

The Superfund taxes on petroleum, chemical feedstock and corporate environmental
income expired in 1995. Since the expiration of Superfund taxes, Superfund program
funding (the “Superfund appropriation”) has been largely financed from General
Revenue transfers to the Superfund Trust Fund, thus burdening the general public with
the costs of cleaning up hazardous waste sites. Reinstating the Superfund taxes would
provide a stable, dedicated source of revenue for the Superfund Trust Fund and restore
the historic nexus that parties who benefit from the manufacture and sale of substances
found in hazardous waste sites contribute to the cost of cleanup. The reinstated
Superfund taxes are estimated to generate a revenue level of over $1.3 billion
beginning in January 2011 to over $2.5 billion annually by 2020. The revenues will be

90


Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

In FY 2011, EPA, the Army Corps of Engineers, and Department of Interior will
implement the Interagency Action Plan to significantly reduce the harmful effects of
Appalachian surface coal mining operations. In FY 2011, EPA will review and/or
develop policy, analyze proposed CWA 404 and 402 permits related to mining
operations, and negotiate resolution to outstanding environmental issues with the Army
Corps of Engineers (ACE) and mine operators. FY 2011, EPA will continue
cooperation with Federal, state and Tribal governments and other stakeholders toward
achieving the national goal of no net loss an overall increase in the acreage and
condition of wetlands. The FY 2011 budget request for NEPs and coastal watersheds is
$27.2 million.

The $63.0 million Chesapeake Bay program FY 2011 budget request will allow EPA to
implement the President's Executive Order (E.0.) on Chesapeake Bay Protection and
Restoration, to implement the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), to
assist program partners in their protection and restoration efforts, to increase the
accountability and transparency of the program, to continue responding to oversight
reports, and to address other priority initiatives as they arise. The efforts initiated in
response to the E.O. will help accelerate implementation of pollution reduction and
aquatic habitat restoration efforts and ensure that water quality objectives are achieved
as soon as possible.

The Chesapeake Bay TMDL, the nation’s largest and most complex TMDL, will
necessitate significant scientific and technical support to states and local jurisdictions in
developing and implementing the most appropriate programs for meeting their
responsibilities under the TMDL allocations. EPA has engaged multiple programs and
offices to provide the regulatory, legal, enforcement, and technical support necessary to
meet these challenges.

EPA is committed to its ambitious long-term goals of 100 percent attainment of
dissolved oxygen standards in waters of the Chesapeake Bay and 185,000 acres of
submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Along with its Federal and state partners, EPA
has stated its intention to establish two-year milestones for all actions needed to restore
water quality, habitats, and fish and shellfish.

The hypoxic zone that forms in the summer off the coasts of Louisiana and Texas is
primarily caused by excess nutrients, many of which originate in middle American cities,
farms and industries. To address this pressing water quality challenge, in FY 2011,
EPA will target the Mississippi River Basin ($12.4 million for grants; $17 million total) to
demonstrate how effective nutrient strategies and enhanced partnerships can yield
significant progress in addressing non-point source driven nutrient pollution. This
initiative supports the Gulf Hypoxia Action Plan 2008" as well as the regional priorities
outlined in the Gulf of Mexico Alliance’s Governor's Action Plan II, both of which
describe a strategy to reduce, mitigate, and control hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of
Mexico and improve water quality in the Mississippi River Basin.

" http:/www.epa.gov/msbasin/actionplan.htm

44


Infrastructure Financing

e 70 percent of the total funding available will be used to establish competitive
National Clean Diesel Campaign (NCDC) grants:

e to directly fund and/or finance retrofits, rebuilds, and replacement
as well as fuel switching and fuel efficiency measures associated
with diesel trucks, ships, school buses and other diesel equipment;

e up to 10 percent of those funds will be used to establish grants to
advance emerging diesel emission reduction technologies, with a
focus on new technologies applicable to ocean-going vessels,
harbor craft, and goods movement; and

e¢ competitive grants will be established to help qualifying entities
(states, local governments, ports etc) create innovative finance
programs that provide low cost, flexible loans for the purchase of
new and cleaner used equipment, as recommended by the
Agency's Environmental Finance Advisory Board (EFAB).

e 30 percent of the total funding available will be used in formula grants to states to
implement state diesel emission reduction programs defined under the DERA.

Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
(FY 2011 PB: $3.3B)

Capitalizing Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds

The Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs demonstrate a
true partnership between states, localities and the Federal government. These
programs provide Federal financial assistance to states, localities, and Tribal
governments to protect the nation’s water resources by providing funds for the
construction of drinking water and wastewater treatment facilities. The state revolving
funds are two important elements of the nation’s substantial investment in sewage
treatment and drinking water systems, which provides Americans with significant
benefits in the form of reduced water pollution and safe drinking water.

EPA will continue to provide financial assistance for wastewater and other water
projects through the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). CWSRF projects
include nonpoint source, estuary, storm water, and sewer overflow projects. The
dramatic progress made in improving the quality of wastewater treatment since the
1970s is a national success. In 1972, only 84 million people were served by secondary
or advanced wastewater treatment facilities. Today, 99.76 percent of community
wastewater treatment plants, serving 219.5 million people, use secondary treatment or
better. Water infrastructure projects supported by the program contribute to direct
ecosystem improvements by lowering the amount of nutrients and toxic pollutants in all
types of surface waters. While great progress has been made, many rivers, lakes and
ocean/coastal areas still suffer an enormous influx of pollutants after heavy rains. The
contaminants result in beach closures, infect fish and degrade the ability of the
watersheds to sustain a healthy ecosystem.

85


62


Infrastructure Financing

The FY 2011 request includes $2.0 billion in funding for the CWSRF. Approximately
$33 billion has been provided to date to capitalize the CWSRF. Total CWSRF funding
available for loans since 1988 through June 2008, reflecting loan repayments, state
match dollars, and other funding sources, exceeds $77 billion. EPA estimates that for
every Federal dollar contributed, more than two dollars are provided to municipalities.

Since its inception in 1997, the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) program
has made available $18.72 billion to finance 6,905 infrastructure improvement projects
nationwide, with a return of $1.83 for every $1 of Federal funds invested. As of June
30, 2009, $10.7 billion in capitalization grants have been awarded, amounting to
loans/assistance of $16.2 billion. The DWSRF helps offset the costs of ensuring safe
drinking water supplies and assists small communities in meeting their responsibilities.

For FY 2011, EPA proposes a new approach to helping small drinking water systems,
as well as reforms to improve the long-term financial, managerial, and environmental
sustainability of the SRFs. As part of that strategy, we are working to ensure that federal
dollars provided through the State Revolving Funds acts as a catalyst for efficient
system-wide planning, improvements in technical, financial and managerial capacity,
and the design, construction and on-going management of sustainable water
infrastructure.

Set-Asides for Tribes and Territories: To improve public health and water quality on
Tribal lands, the Agency is requesting increases to the Tribal set asides in the CWSRF
and DWSRF from 1.5 percent to up to 2 percent. Through this program, EPA
contributes to this goal which will provide for the development of sanitation facilities for
tribes and Alaska Native Villages. EPA also is requesting an increase to the SRF set
aside for territories from 0.25 percent to up to 1.5 percent for the CWSRF and from 0.33
percent for the DWSRF to up to 1.5 percent. The 2002 World Summit in Johannesburg
adopted the goal of reducing the number of people lacking access to basic sanitation by
50 percent by 2015.

Alaska Native Villages

The President's Budget provides $10 million for Alaska native villages for the
construction of wastewater and drinking water facilities to address serious sanitation
problems. EPA will continue to work with the Department of Health and Human
Services’ Indian Health Service, the State of Alaska, the Alaska Native Tribal Health
Council, and local communities to provide needed financial and technical assistance.

Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
(FY 2011 PB: $148M)

Brownfields Environmental Projects

The President's Budget includes $138 million for Brownfields environmental projects.
The $38 million increase will provide funding for disadvantaged and underserved
communities. With the FY 2011 request, EPA plans to perform targeted brownfields

86


Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration

Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration

Strategic Goal: Preserve and restore the land by using innovative waste
management practices and cleaning up contaminated properties to reduce risks posed
by releases of harmful substances.

Resource Summary

($ in 000)
FY 2010 FY 2011 Difference
17.5% of Budget Enacted President's FY 2010 EN to
Budget Budget_FY 2011 PresBud
1 - Preserve Land $246,689 $252,853 $6,164
2. - Restore Land $1,462,951 $1,445,922 ($17,029)
3 - Enhance Science and Research $54,744 $53,427 ($1,317)
Goal 3 Total $1,764,384 $1,752,204 ($12,182)
Workyears 4,556 4,551 (4)

Numbers may not add due to rounding.

Land is one of America’s most valuable resources and cleaning up our communities to
create a safe environment for all Americans is a priority for EPA. Hazardous and non-
hazardous wastes on the land can migrate to the air, groundwater, and surface water,
contaminating drinking water supplies, causing acute illnesses or chronic diseases, and
threatening healthy ecosystems in urban, rural, and suburban areas. Communities are
directly affected by EPA’s actions whether they are site-specific actions or broad national
policies. In recognition of the role of communities and stakeholders in its work, EPA has
begun a new era of outreach and protection for communities historically
underrepresented in EPA decision-making.

In FY 2011, EPA is helping to meet the Climate and Clean Energy Challenge, investing in
Healthy Communities initiatives (Clean Green and Healthy Schools, Brownfields and
Sustainable Communities) and continuing to build strong state and Tribal partnerships.
EPA will work with states and tribes to assess Underground Storage Tank (UST)
compatibility with alternative fuels and evaluate the transport and degradation
characteristics of ethanol and diesel blends; promote safe handling and management of
poly-chlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-containing caulk in schools while building necessary
regional technical support and outreach to effectively implement site-specific cleanup and
disposal plans; build healthy and sustainable communities particularly in urban areas with
EPA's efforts working with Feed People — Not Landfills; and strengthen our partnership

31


Overview

EPA’s Enacted Budget FY 1999 to 2011

(Dollars in Billions)

$120

O President's Budget Enacted Budgets $10.3 $100

$10.0

Dollars in Billions

FY 2011 President’s Budget

1999 2000» 2001-2002» 2008» 2004-2005 20062007 «2008 «= 2009 20102011
Fiscal Year

EPA’s FTE Ceiling History

19,000

18,500 49%

18,100

18,000

11631 17,560 sn
mat

17,500

17,000

FTEs

16,500

16,000

18,500

FY 2011 President's Budget

15,000
1999 2000 2001 «2002 «2003 2004 «2005 «2006 )§= 2007 «2008 «2009 «2010-2011

Fiscal Year

* FTE (Full Time Equivalent) = one employee working full time for a full year (52 weeks X 40 hours = 2,080 hours), or the
equivalent number of hours worked by several part-time or temporary employees


Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

redevelopment. EPA encourages community development by providing funds to
support community involvement and area-wide planning associated with the
assessment and cleanup of Brownfields sites. | Through area-wide planning,
communities would identify how Brownfield properties can be redeveloped to meet their
needs for jobs, housing, recreation, and health facilities that would make a more viable
and sustainable community, as well as identify opportunities to leverage additional
public and private investment.

In addition, the Smart Growth program works with stakeholders to create an improved
economic and institutional climate for Brownfields redevelopment. Addressing these
challenges requires combining innovative and community-based approaches with
national guidelines and interagency coordination to achieve results.

Environmental Justice

EPA is committed to identifying and addressing the health and environmental burdens
faced by communities disproportionately impacted by pollution. The Agency is
committed to expanding the reach of environmentalism and giving those communities a
voice in critical decisions that impact their lives. EPA works to make environmental
justice an integral part of every program, policy and activity by:

+ Engaging communities in EPA decision-making and enlisting our partners to meet
community needs. EPA works to “open its doors” to communities of color, Native
Americans, the poor, and other historically underrepresented groups. In addition,
EPA actively engages community groups, other Federal agencies, states, local
governments, and Tribal governments to recognize, support and advance
environmental protection and public health for vulnerable communities.

Supporting community efforts to build healthy, sustainable and green
neighborhoods. EPA works to empower vulnerable communities to protect
themselves from environmental harms and to build healthy and sustainable
neighborhoods that enable disadvantaged groups to participate in the new green
economy. EPA's efforts to build community capacity include financial and technical
assistance.

+ Applying EPA’s regulatory tools to protect vulnerable communities. EPA will work to
incorporate environmental justice considerations in EPA’s regulatory and policy
decisions by building a strong scientific and legal foundation and engaging the public
in EPA’s decision-making processes.

International Activities

Emissions from automobiles on the world’s highways contribute to the same urgent
environmental problem as the degradation of peat bogs in Indonesia and deforestation
in the Amazon — or booming industrial centers in China and India. In this global
challenge, every nation’s actions create impacts that extend well beyond our individual
borders. By assisting developing countries to improve their environmental governance,

46


Overview

Environmental Protection Agency’s
FY 2011 Budget by Appropriation

Total Agency: $10,020 Million

STAG

S&T
8.4%

$4,782 M

$2,891 M

LUST EPM
Ll 28.8%
1.1% SF “
12.9% — il $46 M
$18 M 0.5%
0.2% 0.4%
El Science & Technology @ Environmental Programs & Management
& Inspector General O Buildings & Facilities
Oil Superfund
O Leaking Underground Storage Tanks O State & Tribal Assistance Grants

Note: Dollar totals in chart exclude a $10 million rescission to prior year funds. Totals
may not add due to rounding


Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

In FY 2011, EPA will invest in building Healthy Communities from multiple vantages:
Brownfields to assist economically hard hit communities; Clean and Green Schools to
protect our children, Community Waters grants to engage communities in new ways in
making improvements in their immediate environment, and Sustainable Communities
activities to help protect the future through smart development. Targeted geographic
approaches receive new funds also, to support important work to restore the
Chesapeake Bay under the Executive Order, and to reduce nutrient loading in the
Mississippi River Basin with downstream benefits to the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, the
Agency will move forward with the far-reaching Great Lakes initiative begun in 2010.

Ideally, EPA implements a strategy of preventing pollution at the source. EPA works to
assure the safety of chemicals before they are in use, as well as maximize the use of
recent advances in toxicology and analytical chemistry for chemical review. The
Agency is shifting its focus to identify and address chemicals of concern more quickly
through Existing Chemicals Action Plans, as well as filling data gaps on widely
produced chemicals in commerce, including endocrine disruptor screening. Innovation
in green chemistry and research to develop faster more efficient ways to uncover
potential adverse effects are vital components of this work. In FY 2011 new funding will
allow expansion and acceleration in endocrine disruptor research and computational
toxicology.

In managing risk and in ensuring that environmental rules protect all Americans, EPA
directs its efforts toward identifying and mitigating exposures and other factors in our
communities, schools, homes, and workplaces that might negatively impact human
health and environmental quality. To do so, EPA conducts research to understand how
specific groups of people may differ in their inherent susceptibility or may be
disproportionately exposed. For example, sensitivity in children can depend on
developmental stage, which can determine how they metabolize (absorb and detoxify)
chemicals. People living in communities near certain industrial sources of pollution
and/or roadways with high traffic volume may be disproportionately impacted. Native
Americans, or other Americans who rely on traditional sources of food, may consume
more fish or other locally gathered foods and may be disproportionately exposed to
contaminants in those foods. A renewed focus is being placed on the continuing
Environmental Justice (EJ) efforts to address the environmental and public health
concerns of minority, low income, Tribal, and other disproportionately burdened
communities and focus on improving environmental and public health protection in
these communities.

Changes in ecosystems have long-range impacts that are beginning to be recognized
and difficult to reverse. In FY 2011, the Agency will continue collaboration with the
Department of Interior and the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) to implement an
Interagency Action Plan (IAP) to significantly reduce the harmful effects of Appalachian
surface coal mining operations. Research on ecosystem services as well as the impact
of climate change will help identify opportunities in regulatory, voluntary and outreach
efforts. Routine ecological risk assessments determine potential effects of pesticides,

40


Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

As EPA issues more protective NAAQS at a faster pace, states are faced with an
increasing workload as they revise their State Implementation Plans (SIPs) to meet the
new NAAQS. States must develop more stringent measures for areas that did not meet
the previous NAAQS, and measures for new areas not previously in nonattainment.
The measures often are based on multi-state strategies that require additional and more
complicated modeling, refined emissions inventories, and increased stakeholder
involvement. In some cases NAAQS revisions have also contained requirements for
States to expand monitoring networks to help determine compliance with revised
NAAQS. In addition, states will likely be tasked with new responsibilities under the
Clean Air Act in order to help reduce GHG emissions. State programs for issuing
operating permits and for prevention of significant deterioration will require additional
resources when they begin to address greenhouse gas emissions in permitting large
sources.

EPA’s NOx SIP Call, and the Acid Rain Program have contributed to significant
improvements in air quality and environmental health. The required reductions in sulfur
dioxide and oxides of nitrogen have reduced ozone and particle pollution, improved
visibility in our treasured national parks, and led to significant decreases in atmospheric
deposition. The decreases in deposition have contributed to improved water quality in
lakes and streams. Between the 1989-1991 and 2005-2007 time periods, wet sulfate
deposition decreased by more than 30 percent and wet inorganic nitrogen decreased by
approximately 15 percent in the eastern U.S. Scientists have observed measurable
improvements and signs of recovery in a number of acidic water bodies.

Promoting Healthy Communities

From 1990 to 2005, emissions of air toxics declined by 42 percent — the results of a
number of regulations for industrial and transportation sources. EPA has issued 96
industrial air toxics standards, affecting 174 categories of industry. When fully
implemented, these standards will reduce 1.7 million tons of air toxics every year.

Historically, although EPA’s air toxics program has conducted significant outreach to
communities and tribes, it has focused largely, at a macro level, on developing national
emission standards for air toxics and conducting national-scale risk assessments. As a
general matter, EPA’s enforcement program has taken a similar sector-based approach
to addressing air toxic emissions.

The FY 2011 budget request builds on work that the Agency has done in communities
in 2008 and 2009. Our efforts with the City of Houston and other communities
disproportionately impacted by air toxic emissions (e.g. Port Arthur, Texas), make it
evident that the public health and environmental impacts associated with air toxics
emissions occur largely at the local level. Further, existing information suggests that
such risks may disproportionately affect some vulnerable subpopulations, such as
schoolchildren.


Highlights of Major Budget Changes

Highlights of the STAR program include:

e Hydraulic Fracturing Research

(FY 2011 PB: $4.3M, FY 2010 Enacted: $1.8M, FY 2011 Change: +$2.5M)
e Endocrine Disruptors Research

(FY 2011 PB: $17.4M, FY 2010 Enacted: $11.4M, FY 2011 Change: +$6.0M)
e Green Infrastructure Research

(FY 2011 PB: $10.4M, FY 2010 Enacted: $4.4M, FY 2011 Change: +$6.0M)
e Air Quality Research

(FY 2011 PB: $85.3M, FY 2010 Enacted: $81.9M, FY 2011 Change: +$3.4M)
e Research Fellowships

(FY 2011 PB: $17.3M, FY 2010 Enacted: $11.1M, FY 2011 Change: +$6.2M)

Other Significant FY 2011 Changes

The Agency also proposed a number of changes to increase program effectiveness as well as to reflect
programmatic and administrative efficiencies. The reductions and savings demonstrate our commitment
to being thoughtful stewards of public funds.

Integrated Compliance Information System

(FY 2011 PB: $13.2M, FY 2010 Enacted: $11.2M, FY 2011 Change: +$2.0M)
. Increase of $.8 million will be used for design and development of necessary functionality in
Integrated Compliance Information System (ICIS)-National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) to enable the electronic transfer of NPDES data from states’ system to ICIS-NPDES via the
Environmental Exchange Network.
. Additional $1.2 million will increase assistance to states to help them modify their own state
systems to electronically flow data to ICIS-NPDES via the Environmental Exchange Network.

Enforcement Training Efficiency

(FY 2011 PB: $2.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $4.2M, FY 2011 Change: -$2.2M)
. EPA is streamlining and consolidating the Enforcement Training program into the Compliance
Monitoring program to increase program efficiency.
. The Agency will maximize the use of National Enforcement Training Institute’s web-based training
and reduce classroom training.

RCRA Waste Management

(FY 2011 PB: $64.5M, FY 2010 Enacted: $68.8M, FY 2011 Change: -$4.3M)
. Decreases $4.3 million in resources supporting existing efforts aimed at promoting the reduction,
reuse, and recycling of municipal solid waste and industrial materials to reflect the progress in these
partnership programs.

Rent Avoidance through Space Consolidation

(FY 2011 PB: $243.9M, FY 2010 Enacted: $236.4M, FY 2011 Change: +$7.5M)
. Net rent increase for the Agency reflects a reduction to current lease projections including
estimated savings from rent avoidance from EPA’s on-going space consolidation effort.
. EPA had in the past conducted comprehensive review of space utilization at facilities nationwide.

EPA is again engaging in a cross-Agency exercise to identify potential more efficient use of space

and reduce rent costs. This effort has provided rent avoidance and helped defray projected rent
increases.

14


Overview

additional $5 million for related EPA efforts It also includes $13.5 million in additional
funding for the development and implementation of new emission standards that will
reduce GHG emissions from transportation sources for passenger cars, light-duty
trucks, and medium duty passenger vehicles. Funds also will support EPA’s
assessment and potential development, in response to legal obligations, for other
mobile sources and for assessment and potential development of New Source
Performance Standards for several categories of major stationary sources through
means that are flexible and manageable for business.

The budget requests an additional $4 million for implementing the Mandatory GHG
Reporting Rule, to ensure the collection of high quality data. This budget includes an
increase of $2.3 million to support community pilot programs as they develop and
implement air toxics approaches tailored to their local needs. An additional $1.1 million
will be invested to improve children’s health through the delivery of effective asthma
management strategies in schools and communities.

Invests in Clean Water

Protecting America’s waters is a top priority and EPA has an ambitious vision for the
nation’s waters in the years ahead. Water quality has tremendous impacts on quality of
life, on economic potential, and on human and environmental health.

In FY 2011, EPA continues its commitment to upgrading drinking water and wastewater
infrastructure with a substantial combined investment of $3.3 billion for the Clean Water
and drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs. America’s waterbodies are
imperiled as never before from nutrient loadings and stormwater runoff to invasive
species and drinking water contaminants. EPA will confront the challenges from
multiple angles — local and national, traditional and innovative. A new Mississippi River
Basin program is funded at $17 million to focus on nonpoint source program
enhancements to result in water-quality improvement. In addition, $300 million is
requested for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and support for the Chesapeake
Bay Program is increased by $13 million to $63 million. Investments in these and other
Clean Water and Drinking Water projects reflect a commitment to use leverage from
Federal agency partnerships to strengthen disadvantaged communities by reconnecting
them with their waters and achieving community-based goals.

Strengthens Enforcement

Through strengthened oversight, we will focus on environmental justice and partnership
efforts to ensure innovative and creative environmental programs are delivered
consistently nationwide, reaching historically under represented and at-risk populations.
The FY 2011 President's Budget includes approximately $618 million for EPA’s
enforcement and Compliance Assurance Program.

This includes $2 million to support updated and enhanced state water program data
transfers to our Integrated Compliance Information System (ICIS). ICIS is a critical tool
for reviewing water quality information and strengthens the Agency’s ability to


Categorical Grants

Categorical Program Grants (STAG)

by National Program and State Grant
(Dollars in Thousands)

Delta
FY 2009 FY 2010 FY2011 -FY11PB-
INPM / Grant Actuals Enacted PresBud __—=FY10EN _% Change|
State and Local Assistance $223,542 $226,580 $309,080 $82,500 36.4%
Tribal Air Quality Management $13,963 $13,300 $13,566 $266 2.0%
Radon $8,370 $8,074 $8,074 $0 0.0%
Local Government Climate Change $0 $10,000 $0___ ($10,000) -100.0%
$245,874 $287,954 $330,720 $72,766 28.2%
Water
Pollution Control (Section 106) $216,836 $229,264 $274,264 $45,000 19.6%
Beaches Protection $9,905 $9,900 $9,900 $0 0.0%
Nonpoint Source (Section 319) $214,498 $200,857 $200,857 $0 0.0%
Wetlands Program Development $15,345 $16,830 $17,167 $337 2.0%
Targeted Watersheds $8,946 $0 $0 $0 0.0%
Wastewater Operator Training $23 $0 $0 $0 0.0%
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements $14 $0 $0 $0 0.0%
$465,569 $456,851 $502,188 $45,337 9.9%
Drink
Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) $99,440 $105,700 $105,700 $0 0.0%
Underground Injection Control (UIC) $11,332 $10,891 $11,109 $218 2.0%
Homeland Security $5,917 $0 $0 so 0.0%
$116,689 $116,591 $116,809 $218 0.2%
Hazardous Waste
H.W. Financial Assistance $102,332 $103,346 $105,412 $2,066 2.0%
Brownfields $50,587 $49,495 $49,495 $0 0.0%
Underground Storage Tanks $4,550 $2,500 $2,550 $50 2.0%
$157,469 $155,341 $157,457 $2,116 1.4%
Pesticides & Toxics
Pesticides Program Implementation $12,772 $13,520 $13,690 $170 13%
Lead $14,295 $14,564 $14,855 $291 2.0%
Toxic Substances Compliance $5,277 $5,099 $5,201 $102 2.0%
Pesticides Enforcement $19,209 $18,714 $19,085 $374 2.0%
$51,553 $51,894 $52,831 $937 1.8%
Environmental Information $12,629 $10,000 $10,200 $200 2.0%
Pollution Prevention $4,932 $4,940 $5,039 $99 2.0%
Sector Program (Enf & Comp Assurance) $2,718 $0 $0 $0 0.0%
Tribal General Assistance Program $61,681 $62,875 $71,375 $8,500 13.5%
Tribal Implementation $0 $0 $30,000 $30,000 0.0%
$81,960 $77,815 $116,614 $38,799 49.9%
| Total Categorical Grants $1,119,113 $1,116,446 $1,276,619 $160,173 14.3%)

Totals do not include $7.22 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009.
FY 2009 Actuals include obligations of carryover.
NOTE: Totals may not add due to rounding.

69


24


Highlights of Major Budget Changes

GHG New Source Performance Standards

(FY 2011 PB: $7.5M, FY 2010 Enacted: $0.0M, FY 2011 Change: +$7.5M)
. In response to legal obligations regarding NSPS, this funding will support the assessment, and
potential development, of greenhouse gas limits for several categories of major stationary sources of
greenhouse gases through means that are flexible and manageable for businesses.

Green Travel / Conferencing

(FY 2011 PB: $5.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $0.8M, FY 2011 Change: +$4.2M)
. Requests an increase of $4.2 million to support the Agency's effort in promoting green travel
practices and increasing the use web-based video conferencing to facilitate EPA meetings. Agency-
wide travel budget reduction reflects this commitment.
. Additional funding will support the creation of multi-use conference rooms in selected locations.

Renewable Fuel Storage

(FY 2011 PB: $2.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $0.0M, FY 2011 Change: +$2.0M)
. Increased resources will be used to assess the Underground Storage Tank compatibility with
alternative fuels.

Cleaning Up Our Communities

Brownfields

(FY 2011 PB: $215.1M, FY 2010 Enacted: $173.6M, FY 2011 Increase: +$41.5M)
. Requests an increase of $41.5 million to focus area-wide planning and cleanups and enable
redevelopment of Brownfields properties, especially in under-served and economically disadvantaged
communities.
. Will provide additional funding for assessment and cleanup of abandoned underground storage
tanks (USTs) and other petroleum contamination found on Brownfields properties in approximately 65
communities.
. Total budget request of $215.1 million to provide an estimated 118 assessment grants, 110
cleanup grants, 7 Revolving Loan Fund grants, and 13 job-training grants.

Clean, Green and Healthy Schools Initiative

(FY 2011 PB: $6.3M, FY 2010 Enacted: $0.1M, FY 2011 Change: +$6.2M)
. Requests a $6.2 million increase to create healthier school environments for all children.
. EPA will co-lead an interagency effort in integrating existing school programs including asthma,
indoor air quality, chemical clean out, green practices and enhanced use of integrated pest
management.
. Promotes safe handling and management of PCB-containing caulk in schools and build
necessary regional technical support and outreach to effectively implement site-specific cleanup and
disposal plans. Assesses the impacts of non-compliance with existing environmental laws on health
tisks in schools.
. Increases technical assistance on voluntary Energy Independence Security Act (EISA) school
siting and environmental health guidelines.

10


Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water

around specific long-term goals to provide needed scientific information and tools to the
Agency and other decision makers.

In FY 2011, the range of research programs and initiatives will continue both the work of
better understanding the scientific basis of our environmental and human health problems
as well as advancing the design of sustainable solutions through approaches such as
green chemistry and green engineering. The Drinking Water and Water Quality research
programs will work to align themselves to provide a more unified approach to particular
high-priority problems of source water quality and sustainability.

In FY 2011, drinking water research will be expanded to address potential water supply
consequences associated with hydraulic fracturing. Congress has urged EPA to conduct
this research, which supports the Agency’s efforts to ensure the protection of our aquifers.
Green infrastructure research will be expanded in FY 2011 to assess, develop, and
compile scientifically rigorous tools and models that will be used by EPA’s Office of
Water, states, and municipalities. Green chemistry and green engineering approaches
will advance the design of sustainable solutions to clean water challenges. EPA will
leverage the success of the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grants program by
significantly increasing funding for research grants to top scientists in academia.

29


United States Environmental Protection Agency
WWW. €pa.gov



Trust Funds

placed in the Superfund Trust Fund and would be available for appropriation from
Congress to support the clean up of the Nation’s highest risk sites within the Superfund
program.

Base Realignment and Closure Act

The FY 2011 President's Budget requests 48 reimbursable workyears to conduct the
Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) program (BRAC I-IV). EPA's participation in
the first four rounds of BRAC has been funded by an interagency agreement which
expires on September 30, 2011. Since 1993, EPA has worked with the Department of
Defense (DOD) and the states’ environmental programs to make property
environmentally acceptable for transfer, while protecting human health and the
environment at realigning or closing military installations. Between 1988 and 2005, over
500 major military installations representing the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Defense
Logistics Agency have been slated for realignment or closure. Under the first four
rounds of BRAC (BRAC I-IV), 107 of those sites were identified as requiring accelerated
cleanup. EPA has participated in the acceleration process of the first four rounds of
BRAC. The accelerated cleanup process strives to make parcels available for reuse as
quickly as possible, by transfer of uncontaminated or remediated parcels, lease of
contaminated parcels where cleanup is underway, or “early transfer’ of contaminated
property undergoing cleanup. Seventy-two Federal facilities currently listed on the NPL
were identified under the fifth round of BRAC (BRAC V) as closing, realigning, or
gaining personnel.

The FY 2011 request does not include support for BRAC-related services to DOD at
BRAC V facilities. If EPA services are required at levels above its base for BRAC V
installations, the Agency will require reimbursement from DOD for the costs the Agency
incurs to provide those additional services.

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

The FY 2011 President's Budget requests $113 million and 74 total workyears for the
Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program. The Agency, working with states
and tribes, addresses public health and environmental threats from releases through
prevention as well as cleanup. As required by law, not less than 80 percent of LUST
appropriated funds will be used in cooperative agreements for states and tribes to carry
out specific purposes. EPA will continue to work with the states to achieve more
cleanups, and reduce the backlog of 100,000 cleanups not yet completed. Since the
beginning of the Underground Storage Tank (UST) program, EPA has cleaned up
almost 80 percent (or 388,331) of all reported releases through the end of FY 2009. In
FY 2011, the LUST program will achieve 30 cleanups in Indian Country that meet risk-
based standards for human exposure and groundwater migration.

91


Highlights of Major Budget Changes

Sustainable Communities

(FY 2011 PB: $10.9M, FY 2010 Enacted: $5.7M, FY 2011 Change: +$5.2M)
. Increase of $5.2 million to: allow EPA to more fully implement the Partnership for Sustainable
Communities with U.S. Department of Transportation, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban and
Development, and EPA, and
. Increases technical assistance provided to Tribal, state, Regional, and local governments in
integrating smart growth. Promotes reducing, reusing, and recycling waste based on lifecycle materials
management approaches.

Air Toxics

(FY 2011 PB: $6.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $0M, FY 2011 Change: +$6.0M)
. Requests a $5.8 million increase to conduct integrated pilots in several communities to
systematically evaluate and reduce risks from air toxics through regulatory, enforcement, and voluntary
efforts in communities with an emphasis on, expanding outreach to schools based on air toxics
monitoring.

Community Water Priorities

(FY 2011 PB: $9.5M, FY 2010 Enacted: $0.0M, FY 2011 Change: +$9.5M)
. Requests $9.5 million for targeted technical assistance to assist underserved communities in
restoring urban waterways for the Community Water Priorities program.
. Requests funds for the community grants to address water quality challenges in urban
watersheds and to build the capacity of disadvantaged communities through projects that revitalize
these watersheds.

Superfund Budget

Superfund Program

(FY 2011 PB: $1,293.1M, FY 2010 Enacted: $1,306.5M, FY 2011 Decrease: -$13.4M)
. Request of $1,293.1 million includes $855.5 million for the Superfund Cleanup programs which
maintains steady funding overall to support cleanup at hazardous waste sites that address
emergencies (Superfund Emergency Response and Removal) at the Nation’s highest priority sites
(Superfund Remedial).

Protecting America’s Waters

Clean Water State Revolving Fund and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund

(FY 2011 PB: $3,287.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $3,487.0M, FY 2011 Change: -$200.0M)
. The FY 2011 Budget contains robust funding for the State Revolving Loan Funds following an
unprecedented increase provided in FY 2010. EPA is working to ensure that Federal dollars provided
through the State Revolving Funds act as a catalyst for efficient system-wide planning, improvements
in technical, financial, and managerial capacity, and the design, construction and on-going
management of sustainable water infrastructure.

Chesapeake Bay

(FY 2011 PB: $63.0M, FY 2010 Enacted: $50.0M, FY 2011 Change: +$13.0M)
. In response to the President’s Executive Order, the Chesapeake Bay program is engaged in
some of the most important activities of its 26 year existence, developing a new action plan for Bay
restoration and accountability.
. EPA's FY 2011 Budget requests a total of $63.0 million for the Bay. This increase of $13 million
will support Executive Order implementation, development of regulations to reduce nutrient pollution in
the Bay watershed, support state nonpoint source program enhancements and enforcement of new




Resources by Program Area

(Dollars in Thousands)

Resources by Program Area

FY 2010 FY 2011 Change
FY 2009 Enacted President's —_ FY10 Enacted to
Actuals Budget Budget FY11 PresBud
Toxics Risk Review and Prevention $100,229.1 $101,915.0 $100,513.0 -$1,402.0
(Endocrine Disruptors) ($10,937.0) ($8,625.0) ($8,601.0) ($240)
Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST) $13,581.6 $12,424.0 $14,647.0 $2,223.0
Water: Ecosystems $82,989.5 $58,507.0 $55,464.0 -$3,043.0
Great Lakes Legacy Act $32,7827 $0.0 $00 $0.0
National Estuary Program / Coastal Waterways $27,082.7 $32,567.0 $27,233.0 -$5,334.0
Wetlands $23,124.41 $25,940.0 $28,231.0 $2,291.0
Water: Human Health Protection $101,352.6 $105,168.0 $108,302.0 $3,134.0
Water Quality Protection $213,699.7 $222,023.0 $240,061.0 $18,038.0
Total, Environmental Program & Management $2,405, 796.7 $2,993,779.0 $2,891,036.0 -$102,743.0
Inspector General
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations $40,605.1 $44,791.0 $45,646.0 $855.0
Total, Inspector General $40,605.1 $44,791.0 $45,646.0 $855.0
Building and Facilities
Homeland Security $8,559.9 $8,070.0 $8,070.0 $0.0
Operations and Administration $29,282.8 $28,931.0 $31,931.0 $3,000.0
Total, Building and Facilities $37,842.7 $37,001.0 $40,001.0 $3,000.0
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Air Toxics and Quality $2,299.2 $2,495.0 $2,593.0 $98.0
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations $10,314.2 $9,975.0 $10,156.0 $181.0
Compliance $1,416.5 $1,216.0 $1,220.0 $4.0
Enforcement $195,000.2 $195,448.0 $198,890.0 $3,442.0
(Environmental Justice) ($624.6) ($795.0) ($806.0) ($11.0)
(Superfund: Enforcement) ($172,412.0) ($172,668.0) ($176,532.0) ($3,864.0)
(Superfund: Federal Facilities Enforcement) ($9,265.5) ($10,570.0) ($10,909.0) ($339.0)
Homeland Security $58,450.0 $56,534.0 $43,468.0 -$13,066.0
(Decontamination) ($8,954.3) ($10,996.0) (7,011.0) (-$3,985.0)
(Laboratory Preparedness and Response) ($8,933.2) ($9,626.0) (85,838.0) (-$3,788.0)
Information Exchange / Outreach $929.7 $1,433.0 $1,433.0 $0.0
IT/ Data Management / Security $18,279.3 $17,872.0 $17,448.0 $424.0
Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review $2,086.1 $1,639.0 $1,665.0 $26.0

NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.

65


Categorical Grants

Categorical Grants Program (STAG)

(Dollars in millions)

$1,400 $1,276

$1,143 $1,168 $1,116
$1,200 $1,079 $1,137 $4,113 $1,113 g4 078 $1,095
$1,006

$1,000-1] sg¢3

$800-

$600-

$400-

$2004

$0.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN PB

*Does not account for the 2006 $80.0 million rescission. (EN — Enacted, PB — President’s Budget)
Categorical Grants

In FY 2011, EPA requests a total of $1.276 billion for 20 “categorical” program grants for
state, interstate organizations, non-profit organizations, intertribal consortia, and Tribal
governments. This includes a short-term increase of $130.2 million that will support
states during this period of constrained budgets and support growth in workload as a
result of recent regulatory actions such as NAAQS revisions and new requirements for
construction site runoff. In addition, the agency is proposing a new multimedia grant for
tribes to support environmental program implementations. EPA will continue to pursue
its strategy of building and supporting state, local and Tribal capacity to implement,
operate, and enforce the nation’s environmental laws. Most environmental laws
envision establishment of a decentralized nationwide structure to protect public health
and the environment. In this way, environmental goals will ultimately be achieved
through the actions, programs, and commitments of state, Tribal and local governments,
organizations and citizens.

In FY 2011, EPA will continue to offer flexibility to state and Tribal governments to
manage their environmental programs as well as provide technical and financial
assistance to achieve mutual environmental goals. First, EPA and its state and Tribal
partners will continue implementing the National Environmental Performance
Partnership System (NEPPS). NEPPS is designed to allow states more flexibility to
operate their programs, while increasing emphasis on measuring and reporting
environmental improvements. Second, Performance Partnership Grants (PPGs) will
continue to allow states and tribes funding flexibility to combine categorical program
grants to address environmental priorities.

ral


Highlights of Major Budget Changes

Superfund Tax Reinstatement
. The Administration supports reinstating the Superfund taxes to ensure that parties who benefit
from the manufacture or sale of substances commonly found in hazardous waste sites contribute to the
cost of cleanup.
. As of the beginning of FY 2010, the Superfund Trust Fund had an available balance of
approximately $26 million.
. Reinstating the Superfund taxes would provide a stable, dedicated source of revenue to be
placed in the Superfund Trust Fund where the revenues would be available for appropriation by
Congress to support the cleanup of the Nation’s most contaminated sites.

16


Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

The Agency will analyze critical air and climate-related issues relating to carbon capture
and sequestration (CCS) technology, and eventually develop a framework for the
permitting of the carbon dioxide capture component of the CCS project. This budget
request includes an increase of $2.0 million for this work.

The FY 2011 budget request provides an increase of $6 million for analysis,
development and implementation of new emission standards that will reduce GHG
emissions from transportation sources. This includes the implementation of new
standards for light-duty vehicles (passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium duty
passenger vehicles), covering model years 2012 through 2016. The Agency plans to
finalize these first ever GHG emission standards in FY 2010. EPA also plans to
propose and promulgate heavy-duty vehicle and engine standards to complete its
obligation to regulate GHG emissions from motor vehicles in response to the Supreme
Court’s Massachusetts v. EPA decision. In addition, EPA will conduct analyses and
technical assessments and potentially develop GHG emission standards for other
transportation source categories in response to petitions to regulate GHG emissions of
these sources.

New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) regulations could be an effective
mechanism to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from major industrial sources. The
NSPS program provides the opportunity to begin achieving emission reductions at new
facilities through such actions as improvements in energy and industrial process
efficiency. The request includes $7.5 million to assess and potentially develop NSPS
regulations for major industrial sectors and seek, where possible, market-oriented
mechanisms and flexibilities to provide lowest cost compliance options.

This request includes an additional $25 million to support state permit programs as they
prepare to issue permits for large sources of GHGs.

Voluntary GHG Reducing Programs

For more than a decade, businesses and other organizations have partnered with EPA,
through voluntary climate protection programs, to pursue common sense approaches to
reducing GHG emissions. Voluntary programs, such as Energy Star and SmartWay
Transport, have increased the use of energy-efficient products and practices, spurred
investment in clean energy development, and reduced emissions of carbon dioxide,
methane, and other GHGs with very high global warming potentials.

EPA will continue to implement the ENERGY STAR program across the residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors consistent with the updated Memorandum of
Understanding with DOE, with an increase of $2 million. EPA will do this by:
Enhancing the use of the ENERGY STAR label on products including adding products
to the program; accelerating the rate that product specifications are updated in terms of
stringency; and developing a comprehensive product certification and verification
initiative for ENERGY STAR qualifying products. Another focus will be expanding

21


Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

tools will speed and facilitate implementation of EPA’s Endocrine Disruptor Screening
Program (EDSP).

In FY 2011, continued pesticides and toxics research will focus on characterizing
toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles of perfluoroalkyl chemicals, developing analytical
methods and examining the potential for selected perfluorinated telomers to degrade to
perfluoroctanoic acid or its precursors. The program also will conduct research to
develop spatially-explicit probabilistic models for ecological assessments. In FY 2011,
EPA requests $27.6 million for continued pesticides and toxics research to support the
scientific foundation for addressing the risks of exposure to pesticides and toxic
chemicals in humans and wildlife.

EPA will continue to investigate nanotechnology’s environmental, health, and safety
implications in FY 2011. This research will examine which processes govern the
environmental fate of nanomaterials and what data are available and needed to enable
nanomaterial risk assessment. EPA is requesting $20 million for the Nanomaterials
Research program in FY 2011 to expand the availability of information to ensure the
safe development, use, recycling and disposal of products that contain nanoscale
materials.

EPA will continue research to better understand how climate change will affect the
environment, including the environmental and human health implications of greenhouse
gas adaptation and mitigation strategies, and the implications of climate change for the
Agency's fulfillment of its statutory, regulatory and programmatic requirements. The
Agency’s climate change research also includes the development of decision support
tools to help resource managers adapt to changing climate conditions. In FY 2011,
EPA requests $22.0 million for the Global Change Research program to enhance
understanding of the effects of global change on the environment.

In FY 2011, the Agency will continue to enhance the nation’s preparedness, response,
and recovery capabilities for homeland security incidents through research,
development, and technical support activities in the areas of decontamination, water
infrastructure protection, and threat and consequence assessment. The FY 2011
request level for this area is $30.7 million.

50


OMTR
OPAA
OPPTS
ORD
OSWER
OTAG
Ow

PB
PBTs
PC&B

PNGV
POTWs
PPG
PRC
PRIA
PRIRA
PWSS
RC
RCRA
RGI
RMP
RPIO

RRP
RWTA
S&T
SALC
SARA
SBO
SBREFA
SDWA
SDWIS
SITE
SLC
SRF
SRO
STAG
STORS

SWTR
TMDL
TRI
TSCA
UIC
UST
WCF
WIF
WIPP
WSsI

Acronyms

Open Market Trading Rule

Office of Planning, Analysis and Accountability
Office of Pesticides, Prevention and Toxic Substances
Office of Research and Development

Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Ozone Transport Advisory Group

Office of Water

President's Budget

Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxics

Personnel, Compensation and Benefits
Particulate Matter

Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles
Publicly Owned Treatment Works

Performance Partnership Grants

Program Results Code

Pesticide Registration Improvement Act
Pesticide Registration Improvement Renewal Act
Public Water System Supervision

Responsibility Center

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976
Regional Geographic Initiative

Risk Management Plan

Responsible Planning Implementation Office
Reprogramming Request

Renovation, Repair and Painting

Rural Water Technical Assistance

Science and Technology

Sub-allocation (level)

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorizations Act of 1986
Senior Budget Officer

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
Safe Drinking Water Act

Safe Drinking Water Information System
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
Senior Leadership Council

State Revolving Fund

Senior Resource Official

State and Tribal Assistance Grants
Sludge-to-Oil-Reactor

Source Water Protection

Surface Water Treatment Rule

Total Maximum Daily Load

Toxic Release Inventory

Toxic Substances Control Act

Underground Injection Control

Underground Storage Tanks

Working Capital Fund

Water Infrastructure Funds

Waste Isolation Pilot Project

Water Security Initiative

95


Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration

the environment. By bringing to bear the relevant tools available in each of the cleanup
programs (Superfund Remedial, Superfund Emergency Response and Removal,
Superfund Federal Facilities Response, and Brownfields Projects), EPA will better
leverage the resources available to address needs at individual sites. For example, EPA
is defining and implementing new performance measures that further describe the
achievements of EPA’s cleanup programs. As an early step toward an improved
Superfund Remedial program measurement, in FY 2011, EPA will implement a new
performance measure to augment the site-wide construction completion measure.
Further, this effort will examine all aspects of EPA’s cleanup programs, in a more granular
fashion, identifying key process improvements, enhanced efficiencies, and associated
performance measures to clearly gauge and demonstrate progress from site assessment
through site-wide construction completion. This effort may expand the transparency for
EPA’s cleanup programs, encourage community involvement, and enhance accountability
to the public.

Land Revitalization:

All of EPA’s cleanup programs (Superfund Remedial, Superfund Federal Facilities
Response, Superfund Emergency Response and Removal, RCRA Corrective Action, and
Underground Storage Tanks) and their partners are taking proactive steps to facilitate the
cleanup and revitalization of contaminated properties. In FY 2011, the Agency requests
$950.7 million to help communities revitalize these once productive properties by
removing blight, satisfying the growing demand for land, helping limit urban sprawl,
fostering ecologic habitat enhancements, enabling economic development, and
maintaining or improving quality of life. EPA continues to support the RE-Powering
America’s Land initiative“ in partnership with the Department of Energy. Finding suitable
environmentally impaired lands to site renewable energy facilities is one significant way
EPA and the states can help the Administration meet its goals of 25 percent renewable
energy by 2025.

Recycling, Waste Minimization, and Energy Recovery:

EPA requests $11.1 million in FY 2011 to support EPA’s strategy for reducing waste
generation and increasing recycling. EPA's strategy will continue to be based on: (1)
establishing and expanding partnerships with businesses, industries, tribes, states,
communities, and consumers; (2) stimulating infrastructure development and
environmentally responsible behavior by product manufacturers, users, and disposers;
and (3) helping businesses, government, institutions, and consumers reduce waste
generation and increase recycling through education, outreach, training, and technical
assistance. In FY 2011, EPA will continue the Resource Conservation Challenge (RCC)
as a major national effort to find flexible ways to conserve our valuable natural resources
through waste reduction, energy recovery, and recycling®. Through RCC, the Agency will
continue to build partnerships with government agencies*, businesses, and nonprofits to
encourage recycling and waste prevention, and leverage resources to improve energy
conservation.

? Additional information on this initiative can be found on http://www. epa. gov/renewableenergyland/.
For more information, refer to http:/Awww.epa.gov/rcc.
Federal, state, local and Tribal agencies.

33


Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

Strategic Goal: Protect and improve the air so it is healthy to breathe and risks to
human health and the environment are reduced. Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions by enhancing partnerships with businesses and other sectors.

Resource Summary

($ in 000)

1.9% of Budget Enacted President's FY 2010 EN to

Budget Budget_FY 2011 PresBud

1 - Healthier Outdoor Air $720,156 $811,320 $91,164

2 - Healthier Indoor Air $45,456 $47,111 $1,655

3 - Protect the Ozone Layer $18,631 $18,609 ($21)

4 - Radiation $42,631 $42,635 $4
5 - Reduce Greenhouse Gas

Emissions $167,264 $168,558 $1,294

6 - Enhance Science and Research $101,173 $104,716 $3,543

Goal 1 Total $1,095,311 $1,192,950 $97,638

Workyears 2,679 2,795 116

Numbers may not add due to rounding.

EPA will take meaningful, common sense steps to improving air quality and addressing
climate change. Making the right choices now will allow the Agency to improve public
health, drive technology innovation for a better economy, and protect the environment --
all without placing an undue burden on the nation's economy.

The Clean Air program is founded on several principles: using health and
environmental risks to set priorities, streamlining programs through regulatory reforms,
continuing to partner with state, local and tribal governments as well as industry and
non-governmental organizations, promoting energy efficiency and clean energy supply,
and encouraging market-based approaches. EPA implements the Clean Air and
Global Climate Change goal through national, state, local, tribal and regional programs
designed to provide healthier outdoor and indoor air for all Americans, reduce
greenhouse gases (GHG), protect the stratospheric ozone layer, minimize radiation
releases and enhance science and research.


Summary of Agency Resources by Appropriation

(Dollars in Thousands)

Resources by Appropriation

FY 2010 FY 2011 Change
Enacted President’s FY 10ENto

Appropriation Account Budget Budget FY 11 PB
Science & Technology (S&T) ' $846,049 $846,697 $648
Environmental Programs and Management (EPM) $2,993,779 $2,891,036 ($102,743)
Office of Inspector General (IG) ' $44,791 $45,646 $855
Buildings & Facilities (B&F) $37,001 $40,001 $3,000
Oil Spill Response (OIL) $18,379 $18,468 $89
Superfund (SF) $1,306,541 $1,293,060 ($13,481)
- Superfund Programs $1,269,732 $1,258,377 ($11,355)
- Inspector General Transfer $9,975 $10,156 $181
- Science & Technology Transfer $26,834 $24,527 ($2,307)
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) $113,101 $113,219 $118
State & Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) $4,978,223 $4,781,873 ($196,350)
Rescission of Prior Year Funds ($40,000) ($10,000) $30,000
Agency Total: $10,297,864 $10,020,000 _($277,864)

Totals do not include $7.22 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009.
FY 10 Resource totals include $8 million in Specified Infrastructure Grants for Hunter's Point, CA.
' Does not include Superfund transfers—see the Superfund line items below for annual amounts.

61


Overview

modernize our compliance network, improve transparency, and provide important data
to allow EPA, states and the public to track environmental progress and prioritize future
actions.


AA

Acronyms

Environmental Protection Agency

List of Acronyms
Assistant Administrator

ACE/ITDS Automated Commercial Environment/International Trade Data System

ADR
ARA
ARRA
ATSDR
B&F
CAA
CAFO
CAIR
CAP
CARE
CBEP
CBP
CCAP
CCS
CCTI
CEIS
CERCLA
CG
CSI
CSO
CWA
CWAP
DBP
DFAS

Alternative Dispute Resolution

Assistant Regional Administrator

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Buildings and Facilities

Clean Air Act

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Clean Air Interstate Rule

Clean Air Partnership Fund

Community Action for a Renewed Environment
Community-Based Environmental Protection
Customs and Border Protection

Climate Change Action Plan

Carbon Capture and Storage

Climate Change Technology Initiative

Center for Environmental Information and Statistics
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
Categorical Grant

Common Sense Initiative

Combined Sewer Overflows

Clean Water Act

Clean Water Action Plan

Disinfection Byproducts

Defense Finance and Accounting System

Design for the Environment

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
Environmental Justice

Environmental Leadership Project

Enacted (Budget)

Energy Policy Act of 2005

Emergency Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know Act
Environmental Programs and Management
Emergency Rapid Response Services

Executive Steering Committee

Environmental Technology Initiative

Environmental Technology Verification

Fixed Account Numbers

Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board
Funds Certifying Officer

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act

Food Quality Protection Act

Financial System Modernization Project

Full-Time Equivalent

General Assistance Program Grants

93


38


Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

toxics or pollutants from various sources on plants, animals, and ecosystems as a
whole, as well as those species that are listed as threatened or endangered.

The combined effect — community level actions, geographically targeted investments,
attention to chemicals, concern for ecosystems - implemented through the lens of
science, transparency and law - will bring real improvements and real protections for
ourselves and for our children.

High Priority Performance Goal
As part of the Administration’s emphasis on High Priority Performance Goals,

Il. EPA will take actions over the next two years to improve water quality. Clean water
is essential for our quality of life and the health of our communities.

+ All Chesapeake Bay watershed States (including the District of Columbia) will
develop and submit approvable Phase | watershed implementation plans by the end
of CY 2010 and Phase II plans by the end of CY 2011 in support of EPA's final
Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL).

+ By the end of fiscal year 2011, increase the percent of federal CWA discharge
permit enforcement actions that reduce pollutant discharges into impaired
waterways from 20% (FY 2009 baseline) to 25%, and promote transparency and
right-to-know by posting results and analysis on the web.

Ill. EPA will ensure that environmental health and protection is delivered to our
communities.

+ By 2012, EPA will have initiated 20 Brownfields community-level projects as part of
an enhanced effort to benefit under-served and economically disadvantaged
communities. This will allow those communities to assess and address multiple
Brownfields sites within their boundaries, thereby advancing area-wide planning and
cleanups and enabling redevelopment of Brownfields properties on a broader scale
than on individual sites. EPA will provide technical assistance, coordinate its
enforcement, water and air quality programs, and work with other federal agencies,
states, tribes and local governments to implement associated targeted
environmental improvements identified in each community's area-wide plan.

Pesticides Programs

A key component of protecting the health of people, communities, and ecosystems is
identifying, assessing, and reducing the risks presented by the thousands of chemicals
on which our society and economy have come to depend. Toward that end, EPA is
investing $144 million in Pesticides Licensing programs in FY 2011. Chemical and
biological pesticides help meet national and global demands for food; provide effective
pest control for homes, schools, gardens, highways, utility lines, hospitals, and drinking
water treatment facilities; and control animal vectors of disease. Many of these actions

41