II 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 4306 

To direct the Secretary of Defense to establish a working group to develop 

and coordinate an artificial intelligence initiative among the Five Eyes 

countries, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MAY 9, 2024 

Ms. ROSEN (for herself and Mr. BUDD) introduced the following bill; which 

was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

A BILL 

To direct the Secretary of Defense to establish a working 

group to develop and coordinate an artificial intelligence 

initiative among the Five Eyes countries, and for other 

purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Five AIs Act 2024’’. 


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1 SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF WORKING GROUP FOR ARTIFI2 CIAL INTELLIGENCE INITIATIVE AMONG FIVE 

3 EYES COUNTRIES. 

4 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 90 days after 

5 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 

6 Defense, in coordination with the Director of National In7 telligence, shall establish a working group to be known as 

8 the ‘‘Five AIs Strategic Artificial Intelligence Working 

9 Group’’ (in this section referred to as the ‘‘Working 

10 Group’’). 

11 (b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Working Group 

12 shall be to develop and coordinate an artificial intelligence 

13 initiative among the Five Eyes countries. 

14 (c) ORGANIZATION.— 

15 (1) DESIGNATION OF HEAD.—The Secretary of 

16 Defense, in coordination with the Director of Na17 tional Intelligence, shall designate a senior civilian 

18 officer of the Department of Defense or senior mili19 tary officer with experience leading relevant efforts, 

20 as determined by the Secretary, to serve as the head 

21 of the Working Group. 

22 (2) PARTICIPATION BY OTHER MEMBER COUN23 TRIES.—The Secretary of Defense, in coordination 

24 with the Director of National Intelligence, shall en25 courage participation in the Working Group by the 


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1 members of the Five Eyes Intelligence Oversight and 

2 Review Council. 

3 (d) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The responsibilities of the 

4 Working Group shall be to develop and coordinate efforts 

5 to implement an artificial intelligence initiative between 

6 the Department of Defense, the Office of the Intelligence 

7 Community Inspector General of the United States, and 

8 the other members of the Five Eyes Intelligence Oversight 

9 and Review Council to— 

10 (1) compare— 

11 (A) the various artificial intelligence sys12 tems and the elements thereof (including ma13 chine learning and generative artificial intel14 ligence such as large language models) used for 

15 covered operational uses by such members; and 

16 (B) the respective practices associated with 

17 the employment of such systems for covered 

18 operational uses by such members; 

19 (2) identify (including by experimenting, test20 ing, and evaluating) potential solutions to advance 

21 and accelerate the interoperability of artificial intel22 ligence systems used for intelligence sharing, 

23 battlespace awareness, and other covered operational 

24 uses; 


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1 (3) test and evaluate the effects of artificial in2 telligence model redundancy, including the risks and 

3 safety measures associated with operating multiple 

4 artificial intelligence systems, including in tandem 

5 with one another; 

6 (4) develop a shared strategy for the research, 

7 development, test, evaluation, and employment of ar8 tificial intelligence systems for covered operational 

9 uses carried out jointly by the Five Eyes countries; 

10 (5) develop a shared strategy for— 

11 (A) managing data-informed artificial in12 telligence systems; and 

13 (B) testing and evaluating artificial intel14 ligence systems with combined data sets at the 

15 unclassified and classified levels; 

16 (6) test and evaluate the capabilities of the de17 fense industrial base of the Five Eyes countries to 

18 incorporate artificial intelligence systems into sys19 tems used for covered operational uses; 

20 (7) compare and use ethical frameworks to ac21 celerate technological advancements with respect to 

22 artificial intelligence systems; 

23 (8) expand innovation efforts by the Five Eyes 

24 countries and share among such countries best prac25 tices for the accelerated procurement and adoption 


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1 of artificial intelligence technologies for covered 

2 operational uses; 

3 (9) leverage commercially available artificial in4 telligence technologies to advance near-term 

5 jointness between the armed forces and intelligence 

6 components of the Five Eyes countries; 

7 (10) jointly identify and source artificial intel8 ligence systems, as practicable, and advise Five Eyes 

9 countries with respect to export controls applicable 

10 to such systems; 

11 (11) share, to the extent practicable and as 

12 agreed upon by the Working Group, the results, op13 portunities, and frameworks assessed or otherwise 

14 identified by the Working Group for the informed 

15 use of artificial intelligence with allies and partners 

16 of the United States other than Five Eyes countries; 

17 and 

18 (12) carry out such other activities as the Sec19 retary of Defense, in consultation with the Director 

20 of National Intelligence and any members of the 

21 Five Eyes Intelligence Oversight and Review Council 

22 participating in the Working Group, determines to 

23 be relevant to such responsibilities. 

24 (e) CONTROL OF KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNICAL

25 DATA.—The Secretary of Defense shall seek to ensure 


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1 that any knowledge or technical data produced by a Five 

2 Eyes country under any cooperative project carried out by 

3 the Working Group shall be controlled by that country 

4 under the export control laws and regulations of that 

5 country and shall not be subject to the jurisdiction or con6 trol of any other Five Eyes country. 

7 (f) PLAN AND REPORTS.— 

8 (1) PLAN.— 

9 (A) SUBMISSION.—Not later than 60 days 

10 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 

11 Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the 

12 Director of National Intelligence, shall submit 

13 to the appropriate congressional committees a 

14 plan for the establishment and activities of the 

15 Working Group. 

16 (B) ELEMENTS.—The plan under subpara17 graph (A) shall include— 

18 (i) a plan for the establishment of the 

19 Working Group, including for efforts to en20 gage with the members of the Five Eyes 

21 Intelligence Oversight and Review Council 

22 with respect to such establishment; 

23 (ii) a description of any funding re24 quirements or administrative support nec25 essary to carry out this section; 


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1 (iii) a description of any additional 

2 statutory authorities necessary to carry out 

3 this section; 

4 (iv) a plan for the fulfilment of re5 sponsibilities under subsection (c) by the 

6 Working Group; 

7 (v) an evaluation of existing joint ef8 forts by the Five Eyes countries to fulfill 

9 similar responsibilities; 

10 (vi) a plan for the integration of the 

11 artificial intelligence initiative developed 

12 and coordinated by the Working Group 

13 with other programs and initiatives of the 

14 elements of the Department of Defense or 

15 the Office of Director of National Intel16 ligence with responsibilities relating to mu17 tual security and artificial intelligence ef18 forts among the Five Eyes countries; 

19 (vii) performance indicators by which 

20 the activities of the Working Group will be 

21 assessed; and 

22 (viii) a description of how efforts of 

23 the commanders of the combatant com24 mands relating to military interoperability 

25 and test and evaluation of artificial intelVerDate Sep 11 2014 19:14 Jun 11, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S4306.IS S4306

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1 ligence systems will be tasked and executed 

2 by and through the Working Group. 

3 (2) BIANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than 180 

4 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and 

5 on a semiannual basis thereafter until the date of 

6 termination under subsection (f), the Secretary of 

7 Defense shall submit to the appropriate congres8 sional committees a report on the activities and 

9 milestones of the Working Group. Each such report 

10 shall include, with respect to the period covered by 

11 the report— 

12 (A) an assessment of the activities of the 

13 Working Group based on the performance indi14 cators set forth in the plan under paragraph 

15 (1)(B)(vii); and 

16 (B) a description of any efforts of the com17 manders of the combatant commands taken in 

18 support of the responsibilities of the Working 

19 Group. 

20 (g) TERMINATION.— 

21 (1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para22 graph (2), the Working Group shall terminate on 

23 September 30, 2028. 

24 (2) AUTHORITY TO EXTEND.—The Secretary of 

25 Defense may extend the termination date under 


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1 paragraph (1) if the Secretary determines such ex2 tension to be in the national security interests of the 

3 United States. 

4 (h) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

5 (1) The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com6 mittees’’ means— 

7 (A) the congressional defense committees, 

8 as such term is defined in section 101 of title 

9 10, United States Code; and 

10 (B) the congressional intelligence commit11 tees, as such term is defined in section 3 of the 

12 National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 

13 3003). 

14 (2) The term ‘‘battlespace awareness’’ has the 

15 meaning given that term in the Joint Publication 1– 

16 02 of the Department of Defense, titled ‘‘Depart17 ment of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associ18 ated Terms’’, or successor publication. 

19 (3) The term ‘‘covered operational use’’ means 

20 use by a government for operations in a defense or 

21 intelligence context. 

22 (4) The term ‘‘Five Eyes countries’’ means the 

23 following: 

24 (A) Australia. 

25 (B) Canada. 


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1 (C) New Zealand. 

2 (D) The United Kingdom. 

3 (E) The United States. 

4 (5) The term ‘‘Five Eyes Intelligence Oversight 

5 and Review Council’’ means the council established 

6 pursuant to the agreement entered into between the 

7 Inspector General of the Intelligence Community of 

8 the United States and the relevant foreign counter9 parts of the governments of the Five Eyes countries, 

10 titled ‘‘Charter of the Five Eyes Intelligence Over11 sight and Review Council’’, done on October 2, 

12 2017. 

Æ 


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