U.S. Department of Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey October 1998

Water Resources Update

New Hampshire-Vermont District Newsletter

 

Message from the

District Chief

The new U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

visual identity (above) is part of an

expanded program of outreach and information dissemination designed to

increase public awareness of the USGS

mission and how our products and services benefit the Nation every day. Here

in the New Hampshire-Vermont District,

program growth has made it more challenging to keep our colleagues informed

of all our new water-resources activities.

We hope this new annual newsletter will

help. 

The leading article highlights the waterquality activities of the District. In October 1998, the New England Coastal

Basins study for the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program

will begin its 3-year high intensity

phase, which is funded at more than

$5 Million. We are looking forward

to managing this major project from

our District.

Other articles provide brief descriptions and updates for on-going

projects, such as the statewide assessment of fractured-bedrock aquifers in

New Hampshire, the investigation of

the effectiveness of remediation

activities at the Savage Well Superfund site in Milford, N.H., and the

global change research at the Sleepers

River Watershed in Danville, Vermont. Also included is an article on

new borehole imaging technology

that will be available through our

District. 

A new 5-year study to develop a Geographic Information System (GIS)-

based flood-frequency estimating system

for ungaged streams in Vermont is

described on page 6. This project is being

undertaken in cooperation with the Vermont Agency of Transportation. This Fall

we will begin our first collaborative study

with the University of New Hampshire,

which is also described on page 6. This

study, funded cooperatively by the USGS

and the Cooperative Institute for Coastal

and Estuarine Environmental Technology

(CICEET), will investigate ground-water

inflows and associated loadings of nutrients and contaminants to the Great Bay

Estuary system. 

 Key statistics for the floods in New

Hampshire and Vermont that topped the

news in the spring and early summer of

1998 are provided on page 4. Here we also

describe the District’s real-time streamflow Web page that tracked the events as

they occurred. 

Finally, in this issue we would like to

introduce our new ‘visible gage’ educational site on the Contoocook River near

Elm Brook State Park in Hopkinton, New

Hampshire. A description of the gage and

directions to it are provided in the article

on page 7.

We hope you enjoy browsing through this

first issue of the newsletter and would

appreciate your feedback on how we

might improve future editions.

—Brian R. Mrazik

 

 

INSIDE THIS ISSUE

2

Water Quality: Increasing

Focus of District Projects

Project Updates

4

Significant Events

5

New Technology

6

New Projects

7

Visible Gaging Station

Recent Publications

Hydrologic technicians measuring streamflow from a 

cableway during early spring floods on the Connecticut

River near Lebanon, N.H.

(Photo by Jennifer Hauck-Valley News)
Water Resources Update 2

In recent years, many agencies and organizations have recognized the need for better information about the quality of

the Nation’s waters. A combination of existing and new

studies underway in the NH-VT District will help to define

water quality at a local, regional, and statewide scale in our

two States. The importance of water-quality related studies

to overall District programs is expected to increase in the years ahead. Future studies assessing nonpoint sources of contamination and

the effect of best management practices and determining long-term changes in water-quality conditions are under development. The

District will also be participating in developing regional nutrient criteria.

The National Water-Quality Assessment Program is designed to assess the quality of the Nation’s surface and ground waters and

to determine the primary factors influencing water quality. The Program conducts regional-scale studies and has two study areas that

include parts of New Hampshire and Vermont - the Connecticut-Thames-Housatonic River Basins study area and the New England

Coastal Basins study area. The Connecticut-Thames-Housatonic River Basins study ended an intensive monitoring period in 1997,

whereas the New England Coastal Basins study will begin intensive monitoring of surface and ground waters this Fall and continue for

the next 3 years. The data and reports from both of these efforts are available to the public and can assist policy makers in understanding

regional water-quality conditions.

New Hampshire

In New Hampshire, the Bedrock Aquifer Assessment Project is evaluating the quality of ground water in bedrock throughout the

State. Regional variations in levels of iron, manganese, arsenic, radon, and other indicators of water quality will be described. A cooperative study between the State of New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES) and USGS, the Bedrock Aquifer

Assessment Project will also help assess future water supplies from the bedrock aquifer. Also in New Hampshire, the District is cooperating with NHDES and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) on a ground-water flow and chemical transport

modeling study to assist with remediation of the contaminated Savage Well Superfund Site in Milford, N.H. The studies at this site

will help to determine the effectiveness of clean-up activities.

Vermont

In Vermont, the Sleepers River Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budget Study is part of a national research program to

monitor geochemical processes in selected small watersheds across the country. The information generated from these studies can be

used to help understand influences of global climatic changes on small headwater streams. Changes in hydraulic and hydrologic processes in such streams can often serve as early indicators of changes at larger scales. Finally, the District recently completed a study

of phosphorus levels in the sediments of the Winooski River Basin in Vermont. This study was designed to assist in developing

nutrient budget models for the Basin, which is the largest tributary to Lake Champlain. Managing phosphorus input to Lake Champlain

is necessary to ensure the long-term health of the Lake.❑

National Water-Quality 

Assessment Program

Plans are near completion for 3-year

field-data-collection efforts for the New

England Coastal Basins study, which

will be assessing ground- and surfacewater quality and stream ecology in eastern New England. In September, samples of streambed sediment and fish

tissue were collected at 10 sites in New

Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Rhode

Island to look at the occurrence of a variety of contaminants. In October and

November, water-quality sampling will

begin at about 10 stream sites in Maine,

Massachusetts, and Rhode Island; monitoring of these streams/rivers will continue for the next 2 years. The purpose of

this monitoring is to assess nutrient loadings to coastal waters from the major rivers in eastern New England and to

determine the influence of gradients of

urbanization on stream quality and ecology. In addition, shallow wells are being

drilled at 30 locations in eastern Massachusetts and southern New Hampshire to

evaluate the influence of new urbanization on the quality of water from stratified-drift aquifers.

Over the past year, analysis of existing

ground-water-quality data from 804 public-supply bedrock wells in eastern New

England shows that the occurrence of

arsenic in ground water varied significantly among the bedrock lithochemical

groups found in the region. Data were

collected from state laboratories in all

the states in the study area. For example,

water from nearly half of all wells drilled

in calcareous metasedimentary bedrock

contained detectable arsenic levels,

whereas arsenic was detected in less than

one-fourth of the wells drilled in other

types of bedrock. A full report on this

study is currently being prepared. ❑

Aquifer Assessments in 

New Hampshire

As of 1998, all mapping for New Hampshire’s sand and gravel (stratifieddrift) aquifers is complete and available

to the public in a series of 13 reports.

Aquifer boundaries, ground-water flow

directions, transmissivity, saturated

thickness, and water quality are shown

on maps and described in an accompanying report for each watershed.

The New Hampshire Bedrock Aquifer

Assessment project continues the effort

by the State to identify water resources.

Water Quality: Increasing Focus 

of District Projects
Water Resources Update 3

This assessment involves mapping

potential locations of high-yielding

zones in fractured bedrock through the

use of remote-sensing images, fieldlevel fracture analysis, and geophysical

methods. The surface of the Earth is

marked by straight-line patterns that are

often the result of fractures in the underlying rock. Flows through these fractures

could yield moderate to large quantities

of ground water to wells drilled near

them. Phase I of the study will produce a

series of 14 maps that identify the location of these fracture patterns or lineaments. Currently, lineament data maps

are published for five areas in the southern part of New Hampshire from the seacoast to Keene and north to Concord.

Remaining lineament maps are scheduled to be published by the end of 1998.

Well yields will be compared to lineament patterns, geologic data, and other

site information to assess what information can help improve the location of

high-yield bedrock wells.

Phase II of the project includes creating

a georeferenced water-quality data base

from ground-water wells around New

Hampshire by matching well sites with

results of chemical analyses. With the

assistance of the New

Hampshire Department of

Environmental Services,

Water Management Section, water-quality samples have been matched

with the location of wells

constructed since 1982.

More than 20,000 wells in

New Hampshire have been

geographically located and

a total of 1,353 bedrock

wells have been matched

with 1,818 water-quality

samples. 

Relations between the

mapped bedrock units, or

major groupings of units,

and various water-quality

constituents are being

identified. The New

Hampshire Bedrock Aquifer Resource Assessment

project is working with the New England

Coastal Basins National Water-Quality

Assessment Program to examine pH,

hardness, fluoride, iron, manganese,

arsenic, and radon in ground water.

Additional arsenic and radon data, from

public supplies in New Hampshire and

adjacent states, are being included in the

joint statistical analysis.

Reports on stratified-drift and bedrock

aquifers are available through the New

Hampshire/Vermont District’s Publications and Outreach Coordinator. ❑

Monitoring of Ground Water 

at a Former HazardousWaste Disposal Site

The USGS is cooperating with the

NHDES and the USEPA in a study of the

chemical transport of tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-contaminated ground waters

in a glacial-drift river-valley aquifer in

Milford, N.H. The aquifer is an important source of water for commercial and

state fish hatcheries, supplying more

than 2 million gallons of water per day

(Mgal/d). Before the aquifer was contaminated, it also supplied more than 

1 Mgal/d to two municipal water-supply

wells. Through extensive field monitoring and numerical modeling of the contaminated area of the aquifer, called the

Savage Well Superfund Site, the USGS

is providing information to help improve

the design and operation of a planned

remedial system and the design of a

long-term monitoring plan. ❑

Global Climatic Change 

Research

As part of the USGS Global Change

Research Program, the Sleepers River

Research Watershed in Danville Vermont is one of five USGS Water,

Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets

(WEBB) sites across the nation. The purpose of WEBB is to (1) improve understanding of the processes controlling

terrestrial water, energy, and biogeochemical fluxes, the interactions of

these processes, and the relations of

these processes to climatic variables; and

(2) to improve the capability to predict

continental water, energy, and biogeochemical budgets over a range of

spatial and temporal scales.

(cont. on page 5)

Map shows location of 1,353 bedrock wells 

matched with water-quality samples for the bedrock aquifer assessment project.

Map shows aquifer boundary, ground-water withdrawal locations, and

extent of volatile organic plume, Milford, N.H. 
Water Resources Update 4

 Spring Floods 

Three highwater events since January 1998 have caused major flooding and

extensive property damage in parts of New Hampshire and Vermont. The flooding began with an early spring snowmelt runoff at

the end of March. Three days of 80+ degree temperatures triggered major snowmelt (greater than 6 inches of water equivalent), and

this coupled with an inch or more of precipitation in the northern parts of New Hampshire and Vermont, caused flooding in the

Androscoggin, Connecticut, and Missisquoi River Basins from March 31 to April 2. The highest flows in 83 years on the Androscoggin River and in 59 years on the Connecticut River were recorded.

Early summer arrived with more than 7 inches of rainfall during June 13–17 in eastern and southern New Hampshire. Many rivers and streams were flooded, primarily

in the Saco and Piscataqua River Basins in New Hampshire.

Vermont did not escape unscathed when 10 days later, on June 27, parts of northern

Vermont and New Hampshire received heavy rainfall ranging from 2 to 5 inches. The

heaviest amounts of rain fell on saturated soil and swollen rivers in central Vermont

from about Bristol on the western side of the Green Mountains to Bradford to the

east. As a result, flash flooding occurred primarily along rivers in the St. Lawrence

and Connecticut River Basins of central Vermont. Property damage was extensive

and a state of emergency was declared by the Governor. More details of these events

can be accessed through the District home page at

http://bowdnhbow.er.usgs.gov

Other features on the page include streamflow data (historical and current) and

monthly summaries of ground- and surface-water conditions. Parts of the annual

report, Water Resources Data, New Hampshire and Vermont, Water Year 1997, are posted on the home page and available for downloading. ❑

Table 1. Provisional flood data for selected stream-gaging sites in New Hampshire and Vermont for spring floods, 

1998

[ft3/s, cubic feet per second; ~, approximately; gt, greater than; Stage, water level in feet above gage zero; --, no data; modified from the NH-VT District home 

page]

Station

Drainage 

area, in 

square 

miles

Station 

number Peak stage

Peak

discharge

(ft3/s)

Approximate recurrence 

interval

(years)

Date Time

Provisional data for floods of March 31- April 1, 1998

Diamond River near Wentworth Location, N.H. 152 1052500 12.11 13,700 100 3/31/98 1900

Androscoggin River near Gorham, N.H. 1,361 1054000 10.15 20,200 ~50 4/01/98 1100

Conn. R below Indian Stream, nr Pittsburg, N.H. 254 1129200 7.6 4,760 50 to 100 3/31/98 1515

Connecticut River at North Stratford, N.H. 799 1129500 15.63 28,600 50 to 100 3/31/98 1745

Missisquoi River near North Troy, Vt. 131 4293000 12.68 7,710 ~50 3/31/98 0200

Missisquoi River near East Berkshire, Vt. 479 4293500 17.09 20,400 ~50 3/31/98 0415

Provisional data for floods of June 14-15, 1998

Saco River near Conway, N.H. 385 1064500 14.66 36,400 20-25 6/14/98 2145

Bear Camp River near South Tamworth, N.H. 67.6 1064801 9.61 6,000 gt 25 6/14/98 0245

Ossipee River at Effingham Falls, N.H. 330 1065000 10.38 7,500 25-50 6/14/98 --

Oyster River near Durham, N.H. 12.1 1073000 5.26 586 10 6/14/98 1300

Lamprey River near Newmarket, N.H. 183 1073500 11.50 4,440 10 6/15/98 2330

Provisional data for floods in Vermont, June 27, 1998

East Orange Branch at East Orange, Vt. 8.9 1139800 5.09 513 10-25 6/27/98 0545

Ayers Brook at Randolph, Vt. 30.5 1142500 11.93 4,200 gt 100 6/27/98 0800

White River at West Hartford, Vt., 690 1144000 17.38 34,500 10-25 6/27/98 1545

New Haven River at Brooksville near

 Middlebury, Vt.

115 4282525 14.08 21,200 gt 100 6/27/98 0715

Significant Events

Flood waters rush through the dam on Ossipee 

River in eastern New Hampshire after June 13-

17, 1998.

(photo by B. Mrazik, USGS)
Water Resources Update 5

 Borehole Imaging 

(cont. from page 3)

The research is primarily conducted in a

headwater forested catchment where

hydrologic flow paths are studied at

scales ranging from a small hillslope to

the 43-square mile Sleepers River

Watershed.

One focus of the study is to examine how

streamflow-generation mechanisms

change as basin size increases and land

cover shifts from forest to agriculture.

Research is also addressing the process

of biogeochemical cycling in low-order

drainage basins or catchments. Isotopic,

chemical, and hydrometric techniques

are providing complementary information on water source and flow paths. Currently, the USGS has focused on nearstream or riparian processes as the potential key to how streams respond to rain

and snowmelt. 

 Future data collection at Sleepers River

will address the effects of agriculture on

runoff and water quality through measurements of streamflow, precipitation,

temperature, relative humidity, seasonal

snow depth and water equivalent, and

seasonal ground frost depth. ❑

Sediment Transport in 

Vermont Rivers

On July 14-16, 1997, flooding in northern Vermont caused severe localized

damage and resulted in a disaster declaration. Erosion and deposition was significant at numerous locations in the

disaster area. Many local officials and

the public believe that removal of sand,

gravel, and cobbles from channels is a 

(cont.on page 6)

The USGS is assessing new capabilities for collecting high-resolution digital images

of rocks and fractures below the surface. A digital borehole camera, called Borehole

Image Processing System (BIPS), can obtain video images of the inside of a well

above and below the water surface. The camera permits the direct inspection of the

borehole wall and records a digital image. The images provide quantitative and qualitative data that can be used to describe the lithology and fractures observed in the

boreholes, potentially identify onsite contamination, aid in the planning and interpretation of other geophysical logs, and provide insight for conceptual models of fractures, ground-water flow, and contaminant transport.

The digital borehole camera collects a continuous, magnetically oriented and digitized 360° color image of the borehole wall. Complete radial coverage is obtained by

collecting an image from a narrow scan by a conical-shaped mirror. The resolution of

the scan can be as high as 720 pixels for each 0.25 millimeter depth of the well. The

digital camera can collect images in boreholes ranging from 66 to 200 millimeters in

diameter and record magnetic declination and inclination with depth. In addition, the

instrument collects three-dimensional (3-D) location data as it goes down the well,

which provides the information needed for mapping how far the well has deviated

from vertical and the azimuthal direction (0-360°).

Each video image from the digital imaging tool can be viewed as an unrolled, flat

image that shows the depth along the vertical axis and magnetic direction along the

horizontal axis (fig. 1). The horizontal axis represents a 360° scan of the borehole wall

from south (on the left side of the plot), through west, north, east, and south again (on

the right side of the plot). Depth, in meters, is shown along the vertical axis. The sinusoidal lines in the two-dimensional image actually represent a 3-D plane that intersects the borehole. Planes, such as fractures, foliation, and lithologic contacts, can be

identified directly on the images and strike and dip can be determined. With the use

of post-processing software, the image can be wrapped into a cylinder and viewed as

a “virtual core” (fig. 2) from wells where no core was taken. The BIPS has been tested

in boreholes at the USGS fractured rock research site near Mirror Lake in Thornton,

New Hampshire. ❑

Figure 2. The two dimensional image can be

Figure 1. Digital optical image represents an

“unrolled” 360° scan of the borehole well.

rotated using post-processing software. 

rolled into a “virtual core,” and the core can be
Water Resources Update 6

Flow Frequency in Vermont 

Streams

The USGS, in cooperation with the Vermont Agency of Transportation, is

embarking on a project to evaluate the

flow-frequency characteristics of Vermont streams. Estimates of the magnitude and frequency of floods are

primarily used in the design of bridges,

culvert openings, roadbed elevations,

embankments, dams, or other structures

near streams. This information is also

used for floodplain management, identification of flood hazard areas, and establishing flood insurance rates. These

estimates are generally required at

ungaged sites where no observed flood

data are available for frequency analysis.

For this study, the flow statistics at each

of the Vermont gages will be recomputed and statistical relations will be

developed between various basin characteristics and flood flows. This will allow

flood discharges at an ungaged site to be

estimated from measured basin characterisitics such as drainage area. Estimates of flood flow for small, highelevation watersheds is of major concern

in the mountainous areas of the State

where gage data are sparse. In these

areas, basin rainfall-runoff models will

be used to simulate streamflow records. 

Because the measurement of basin characteristics can be a time consuming task,

the final product submitted to the Vermont Agency of Transportation will

include software and a data base developed to provide a user-friendly interface

with Geographic Information Systems

(GIS). With this new software, a user

will be able to zoom in on a map of Vermont, visually select a point on a stream,

and obtain basin characteristics and flow

frequency statistics for that area of the

stream. ❑

Inflow and Chemical Loadings 

from Ground Water to the 

Great Bay Estuary, New 

Hampshire

Great Bay, in southeastern New Hampshire, is part of the National Estuarine

Research Reserve. The health of this

estuary, similar to many of the Nation's

estuaries, is threatened by point and nonpoint-source pollution. The quantity and

rates of ground-water discharge, and

associated chemical and nutrient load to

the Bay, are unknown. Ground-water

discharge to the Great Bay Estuary most

likely follows preferred hydraulic pathways through overlying sediments and

through bedrock fracture zones. Wateruse and land-use practices influence the

amount and quality of ground and surface water discharged to the Bay.

Whereas surface-water inflows and associated chemical and nutrient loads have

been studied, the quantity of ground

water flowing into the Bay remains to be

investigated in order to determine the

locations and effects of these influences

on marine environments and ecosystems.

To assess inflow and loadings of contaminants to the Great Bay Estuary, the

USGS is cooperating with the University

of New Hampshire, Department of Civil

Engineering, in a three-phase investigation. The first phase will use remotesensing (thermal infrared imagery) and

geophysical methods to identify the

areas in the Great Bay Estuary that

receive significant ground-water discharge. The second phase of the project

will involve estimating the quantity of

ground water flowing into the Great Bay

Estuary. This phase will build on the

results of the first phase and will involve

well installation, hydraulic testing, and

measurement of hydraulic gradients. The

third phase of the project will assess

ground-water quality. Ground-water

samples will be collected and analyzed

from selected locations determined in the

earlier phases of the project. Data from

these samples will be used to estimate

chemical and nutrient loads and will be

incorporated into an existing computer

model of the Great Bay Estuary system.

Additionally, the project results will be

directly applicable to the development of

the Estuarine Contaminant Status and

Forecast System. ❑

(cont. from page 5)

key to preventing future flooding. Currently, Vermont streambed management

policies restrict such activities.

In response to this problem, the USGS,

in cooperation with the Vermont Agency

of Natural Resources and the Federal

Emergency Management Agency, began

a study of sediment transport by rivers

during floods. The rivers selected for the

study are the Trout River in Montgomery, the Wild Branch in Wolcott, and the

Lamoille River in Cambridge. The

investigation includes resurveying channel cross sections at the same locations

surveyed for flood insurance studies

more than 10-years ago and documenting changes in channel shape. A hydraulic-flow model will be developed from

the post-flood cross sections to evaluate

changes in the 10- and 100-year watersurface profiles. A sediment-transport

computer model will also be applied to

simulate deposition and erosion of the

channel.

The sediment-transport model will be

used to simulate the effect of various

streambed management practices on the

movement of channel bed materials and

the 10- and 100-year water-surface profiles. Practices such as no removal of bed

materials, removal of bars or other areas

of channel deposition, and dredging of

the entire section of the river will be simulated to assist the State in evaluating its

current policies and formulating any

future changes. The study is scheduled to

be completed in July 1999. ❑

.

 
Water Resources Update 7

Efforts are underway to create a “visible

stream gage” educational center on the

Contoocook River near the Elm Brook

State Park and Hopkinton Dam in Hopkinton, New Hampshire. This selfdirected educational center is being built

in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corp

of Engineers and the property owner,

Papertech Corporation. A new gage

house has been constructed on the site

and will be equipped with state-of-theart streamflow, hydrometerological, and

water-quality measuring equipment and

a satellite hookup to relay instantaneous

data to the District’s website. 

The gage house has a glass door through

which visitors can view the equipment in

action. The site also has a cableway that

is used to make streamflow measurements during floods. A display sign will

be erected to explain why and how

streamflow is monitored and to identify

the equipment used and its purpose. This

information will give the public a better

understanding of why and how the

USGS keeps track of the amount of

water flowing in streams and rivers in

New Hampshire and Vermont. This selfdirected educational site will be a

resource for teachers from local schools

and to the general public passing by or

visiting Elm Brook State Park. A grand

opening in the Spring is planned. 

The station can be reached by taking Exit

6 off I-89, State Route 127 South.

Proceed 2.0 miles south on Route 127.

The gage is on the right just downstream

of Covered Bridge No. 9. ❑

District Contacts

District Chief: Brian Mrazik (603) 226-7807 bmrazik@usgs.gov

Water-Quality Program: Keith Robinson (603) 226-7809 kwrobins@usgs.gov

Surface-Water Investigations and Monitoring: 

 Kenneth Toppin (603) 226-7808 ktoppin@usgs.gov

Ground-Water Investigations: Thomas Mack (603) 226-7805 tjmack@usgs.gov

Water Use: Laura Medalie (802) 828-4512 lmedalie@usgs.gov

Publications and Outreach Requests, Editor of Newsletter: Debra Foster (603) 226-7837

District and cooperator staff are shown constructing the Contoocook River visible

stream gaging station and educational center in Hopkinton, N.H. 

Outreach Visible Stream-Gaging Station and Educational Center

Recent Publications of the 

New Hampshire/Vermont 

District 

October 1, 1997-September 30, 1998

Clark, S.F., Jr., Ferguson, E.W., Picard, M.Z., 

and Moore, R.B., 1998, Lineament map 

of area 4 of the New Hampshire bedrock 

aquifer assessment, southeast-central 

New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey, 

Open-File Report 97-763, 1 sheet, scale 

1:48,000. 

Coakley, M.F., Olimpio, J.R., Kiah, R.G., and 

Ward, S.L., 1998, Water resources data, 

New Hampshire and Vermont Water Year 

1997: U.S. Geological Survey WaterData Report NH-VT-97-1, 180 p. 

Ferguson, E.W., Clark, S.F., Jr., Picard, M.Z., 

and Moore, R.B., 1998, Lineament map 

of area 3 of the New Hampshire bedrock 

aquifer assessment, eastern New 

Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 97-762, 1 sheet, scale 

1:48,000

 _____ 1998, Lineament map of area 5 of the 

New Hampshire bedrock aquifer 

assessment, southwestern New 

Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 97-761, 1 sheet, scale 

1:48,000 

Harte, P.T., Flynn, R.J., Kiah, R.G., 

Severance, Timothy, and Coakley, M.F., 

1997, Information on hydrologic and 

physical properties of water to assess 

transient hydrology of the MilfordSouhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, 

New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 97-414, 96 p.

(photos by M. Coakley, USGS)
U.S. Department of Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

New Hampshire/Vermont District

361 Commerce Way

Pembroke, NH 03275

Visit the USGS website at http://www.usgs.gov

 Harte, P.T., and Willey, R.E., 1997, Effects 

of historical withdrawals on advective 

transport of contaminated ground waters 

in a glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New 

Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Fact 

Sheet FS-162-97, 6 p.

Johnston, C.M. and Harte, P.T., 1998, 

Documentation and application of a 

method to compute maximum slope and 

aspect of hydraulic gradients: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 98-4021, 25 p.

 Olimpio, J.R., and Mullaney, J.R., 1997, 

Geohydrology and water quality of 

stratified-drift aquifers in the Upper 

Connecticut and Androscoggin River 

Basins, northern New Hampshire: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 96-4318, 172 p., 

8 pls. 

Mack, T.J., Johnson, C.D., and Lane, J.W., 

Jr., 1998, Geophysical characterization 

of a high-yield, fractured-bedrock well, 

Seabrook, New Hampshire: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 

98-176, 28 p. 

Medalie, Laura, 1997, Estimated water 

withdrawals and use in New Hampshire, 

1995: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 97-

4177, 18 p. 

_____ 1997, Estimated water withdrawals 

and use in Vermont, 1995: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 97-4178, 18 p.

 Robinson, K.W. and Horn, M.A., 1998, 

Availability and suitability of data from 

public water-supplier sources for use in 

water-quality assessments: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-

825, 18 p. 

Abstracts 

Ayotte, J.D., 1998, Relation of arsenic 

concentrations in ground water to 

bedrock lithology in eastern New 

England: Geological Society of America 

abstracts with programs, Annual 

Meeting, October 26-29, 1998, Toronto, 

Canada.

Chalmers, A.T., 1998, Distribution of 

phosphorus in bed sediments of the 

Winooski River Watershed, Vermont: 

poster for Lake Champlain Research 

Consortium. 

Harte, P.T., and Willey, R.E., 1998, An 

examination of the anatomy of a 

chlorinated solvent plume: A superfund 

site case study: Geological Society of 

America abstracts with programs, 

Annual meeting, October 1997, Salt 

Lake City, Utah. 

_____ 1998, Is it necessary to incorporate 

transient-flow processes in model 

simulations?: An example from a rivervalley aquifer: American Geophysical 

Union abstracts with programs, Annual 

Meeting, May 1998, Boston, Mass. 

Mack, T.J., and Harte, P.T., 1998, Use of 

test models to assess discretization in the 

design of a complex ground-water-flow 

model: American Geophysical Union 

abstracts with programs, Annual 

Meeting, May 1998, Boston, Mass. ❑

Address Correction Requested

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