book

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE

fact book

fact book

fact book

fact bookfact book

FACT BOOK

FISCAL YEAR

2005

F EBRUA RY 2006

FO R ADMINISTR ATIVE US E

NATIONAL I NSTITUTES

O F HEALTH

NATIONAL HEART, L UNG ,

AND BLOOD I NSTITUTE

fact book

fact book

NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Contents

iii

Figures ..............................................................................................................................................v

Tables ..............................................................................................................................................vii

1. Directory of Personnel .................................................................................................................1

2. Program Overview.......................................................................................................................9

3. Important Events........................................................................................................................27

4. Disease Statistics........................................................................................................................37

5. Institute-Initiated Programs Starting in FY 2005.......................................................................57

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees.......................................................................................63

7. Fiscal Year 2005 Budget Overview...........................................................................................69

8. Long-Term Trends.....................................................................................................................73

9. Research Grants .........................................................................................................................81

10. Research and Development Contracts .....................................................................................109

11. Clinical Trials...........................................................................................................................117

12. Minority Activities...................................................................................................................139

13. Research Training and Career Development Programs...........................................................157

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2005 ..........................................................165

Appendixes

Types of Research Activity......................................................................................................191

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms.......................................................................................197

Index ........................................................................................................................................201

Contents

NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Figures

v

Figures

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2003.........................................................................................................................39

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2003......................................................................39

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 2003...................................................................................................40

Deaths From Lung Diseases, U.S., 2003...................................................................................................................40

Deaths From Blood Diseases, U.S., 2003 .................................................................................................................40

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2003.........................................................................................41

Death Rates for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2003 ....................................................................................41

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2003..........................................................................................42

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2002 .......................................................................42

Deaths From Heart Failure, U.S., 1970–2003...........................................................................................................43

Death Rates for Heart Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2002 ..................................................44

Death Rates for Stroke by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2002 ..............................................................44

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2003 .....................................................................................45

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead 

From Hospitals, U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2003..........................................................................................................45

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Men Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2003 ...................46

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Women Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2003..............46

Change in Death Rates for Selected Causes by Race and Gender, U.S., 1993–2003...............................................47

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2003....................................................................................47

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2003 ................................................................................................48

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2003 ..................................................48

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Men Ages 35+ Years, 

Selected Countries, 1980–2003 ..............................................................................................................................49

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Women Ages 35+ Years, 

Selected Countries, 1980–2003 ..............................................................................................................................49

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, 

U.S., 1985–2002 .....................................................................................................................................................50

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 1990–2003.................................................................................50

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults by Age, U.S., 1999–2002 ...........................................................51

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases by Age, U.S., 2002 ........................................52

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2001 ....................................................52

Hypertensive Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Age 18+, U.S., 1976–80 to 1999–2002 .......................53

Adult Population With Hypertension by Age, Gender, and Race, U.S., 1999–2002................................................53

Hospitalization Rates for Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 Years and 65+ Years, U.S., 1971–2003................................54

Persons Experiencing Asthma Episodes in Previous 12 Months by Age, U.S., 1997–2004 ....................................54

Total Economic Costs, U.S., 2006 ............................................................................................................................55

Economic Costs: Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2006 ..............................................................55
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Figures

vi

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2005 Budget Overview

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category........................................................................................................ 69

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program............................................................................................................ 69

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Division............................................................................................................ 69

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Current Dollars....................................................................................................................................................... 74

Constant 1995 Dollars............................................................................................................................................ 74

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1995–2005.......................................................... 76

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 ........................................ 77

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 1995–2005......................................................................................................................................... 77

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Dollars .................................................................................................................................................................... 79

Percent of Extramural Funds.................................................................................................................................. 80

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category............................................................................................................. 81

NHLBI Research Project Grant, Research Centers Grant, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1995–2005......................................................................................................................................... 82

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded........................................................................................................... 83

Number Reviewed and Awarded ........................................................................................................................... 84

Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate) ................................................................................... 84

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 ........................ 85

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1995–2005 ........................................................... 87

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005........................................... 109

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 ............................... 157

NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 1995–2005........................................................................... 157

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements Program 

Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 ................................................................................................................. 163

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2005

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2005 ........................................................................... 165
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Tables

vii

Tables

Chapter 2. Program Overview

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases and Blood Resources Programs ....................................10

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1983 and 2003 ...............................................................................................................................................39

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2003........................................................40

Death Rates for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1963, 1983, and 2003..............................43

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2003 ..................................................48

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2003.....................................................51

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2006......................................................55

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2005 Budget Overview

NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005..............................................................................69

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2005..............................................................................70

NHLBI Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005 ........................................................................................70

NHLBI Epidemiology and Clinical Applications Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005 ........................................................................................70

NHLBI Lung Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005 ........................................................................................71

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005 ........................................................................................71

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research Program

Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005..........................................................................................71

Women’s Health Initiative 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005 ........................................................................................72

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2005.........................................................................................73

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Current Dollars .......................................................................................................................................................75

Constant 1995 Dollars ............................................................................................................................................75

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 ..........................................................76

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 1995–2005.......................................................................................................76

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Dollars ....................................................................................................................................................................78

Percent of Total Extramural Budget.......................................................................................................................78

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Dollars ....................................................................................................................................................................79

Percent of Total Extramural Budget.......................................................................................................................80
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Tables

viii

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005 ..................................................................... 81

NHLBI Research Project Grant, Research Centers Grant, and Other Research 

Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 ......................................................................................................... 82

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded........................................................................................................... 83

Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded .......................................................................................... 84

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 ........................ 85

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 1995–2005.......................... 86

Facility and Administrative (F&A) Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 ............. 86

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1995–2005 ........................................................... 87

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10) Programs.......................................................................................... 88

Specialized Centers of Research (P50) and Specialized Centers of 

Clinically Oriented Research (P50) Programs ..................................................................................................... 103

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 ................................. 109

Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program ........................................................................ 110

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 ............................................................... 117

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2005: Summary by Program...................................... 121

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Contracts .............................................................................................................................................................. 122

Cooperative Agreements...................................................................................................................................... 124

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2005: Summary by Program

Contracts .............................................................................................................................................................. 126

Cooperative Agreements...................................................................................................................................... 126

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2005........................ 158

History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 1995–2005................................................................. 159

Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 1995–2005..................................................................... 160

NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 1995–2005............................................................................... 161

NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 ............................................................ 162

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research 

Supplements Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005............................................................................. 163

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 ............................................ 164

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 ........................ 164

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2005

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2005......................................................... 166
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

1

Office of the Director Bldg. Room Phone MSC†‡

Director, Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A48 496–5166 2486

Acting Deputy Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Assistant to the Director and 

Deputy Ethics Counselor, NHLBI, Sheila Pohl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A48 496–6471 2486

Associate Director for Administrative Management, 

Donald P. Christoferson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Associate Director for Scientific Program Operation, 

Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A03 496–6331 2482

Associate Director for Prevention, Education, and Control,

Gregory J. Morosco, Ph.D., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Associate Director for Minority Health Affairs,

Helena O. Mishoe, Ph.D., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2§ 8188 451–5081 7913

Office of Administrative Management 

Director/Executive Officer, Donald P. Christoferson . . . . . . . . . 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Administrative Officer, Rebecca Ellett-Tener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

Management Policy and Administrative Services Branch

Chief, Marilyn Jackson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

Freedom of Information/Privacy Act

Coordinator, Suzanne Freeman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–9737 2490

Financial Management Branch

Chief, Sandra Gault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A21 496–4653 2490

Extramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Loretta L. Barnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2§ 7026 435–6373 7921

Intramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Gary Unger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N220 451–0892 1670

Office of Workforce Relations 

Chief, Mishyelle I. Croom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A28 496–1763 2490

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Director, Carl E. Hunt, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL1** 6022 435–0199 7993

Administrative Officer, Stacey A. Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Women’s Health Initiative

Director, Barbara M. Alving, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3B11 496–5793 2128

Administrative Officer, Charlotte M. Wiltshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Office of Minority Health Affairs

Director, Helena O. Mishoe, Ph.D., M.P.H.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8188 451–5081 7913

Administrative Officer, Stacey A. Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Office of Prevention, Education, and Control

Director, Gregory J. Morosco, Ph.D., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Administrative Officer, Rebecca Ellett-Tener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

1. Directory of Personnel*

* Current as of October 31, 2005. For locating personnel not listed, the general information number is 301–496–4000. All listed phone numbers are in 

area code 301. The Personnel Directory, which is periodically updated throughout the year, is located on the NHLBI Home Page under About NHLBI.

† MSC—Mail Stop Code.

‡ Full mailing address formats are located at the end of this chapter.

§ RKL2—Rockledge II Building.

** RKL1—Rockledge I Building.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

2

Health Communications and Information Science

Senior Manager, Terry C. Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–0554 2480

International Programs

Senior Manager, Vacant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–5375 2480

Program Operations

Senior Manager, Nancy J. Poole, M.B.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Public Health Program Development

Senior Manager, Robinson Fulwood, Ph.D., M.S.P.H. . . . . 31 4A10 496–0554 2480

NHLBI Nutrition Coordinator, Darla E. Danford, D.Sc., M.P.H. 31 4A10 496–0554 2480

National High Blood Pressure Education Program

Coordinator, Edward J. Roccella, Ph.D., M.P.H.. . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Cholesterol Education Program

Coordinator, James I. Cleeman, M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Asthma Education and Prevention Program

Coordinator, Diana K. Schmidt, M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Heart Attack Alert Program

Coordinator, Mary McDonald Hand, M.S.P.H., R.N. . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Obesity Education Initiative

Coordinator, Karen Donato, M.S., R.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

NHLBI Women’s Heart Health Education Initiative

Coordinator, Ann Taubenheim, Ph.D., M.S.N.. . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–4236 2480

Pediatric Cardiovascular Risk Reduction and Science Application

Senior Medical Officer, Rae-Ellen Kavey, M.D., M.P.H.. . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

Office of Science and Technology

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A03 496–6331 2482

Deputy Director, Barbara Liu, S.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A06 496–9899 2482

Administrative Officer, Rebecca Ellett-Tener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

Program Studies and Reports Program

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A03 496–6331 2482

Science and Special Issues Program

Director, Barbara Liu, S.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A06 496–9899 2482

Office of Public Liaison

Acting Coordinator, Barbara Liu, S.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A06 496–9899 2482

Information Resources and Technology Program

Director, Ralph Van Wey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL1 6210 435–0119 7994

Administrative Officer, Amy W. Sheetz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6367 7921

Office of Technology Transfer and Development

Director, Lili M. Portilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL1 6018 402–5579 7992

Administrative Officer, Stacey A. Long. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases

Director, Stephen C. Mockrin, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9160 435–0466 7940

Deputy Director, Sonia Skarlatos, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9158 435–0477 7940

Special Assistant for Clinical Studies, David J. Gordon, M.D. . . . . . RKL2 9152 435–0515 7940

Research Training and Special Programs Scientific Research Group

Leader, Jane Scott, Sc.D., M.S.N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9135 435–0535 7940

Administrative Officer, Lisa A. Freeny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7110 435–6373 7921

Clinical and Molecular Medicine Program

Director, Alice Mascette, M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9166 435–0555 7940

Office of the Director (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

3

Associate Director, Susan Old, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9137 435–1802 7940

Cardiovascular Medicine Scientific Research Group

Leader, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9178 435–0515 7940

Bioengineering and Genomic Applications 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Sunil Pandit, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9144 435–0513 7940

Heart Research Program

Acting Director, Denis Buxton, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9188 435–0504 7940

Associate Director, Charlene A. Schramm, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9200 435–0510 7940

Arrhythmias, Ischemia, and Sudden Cardiac Death 

Scientific Research Group 

Leader, David A. Lathrop, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9192 435–0504 7940

Heart Development, Function, and Failure 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Gail D. Pearson, M.D., Sc.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9202 435–0510 7940

Vascular Biology Research Program

Director, Eser Tolunay, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10198 435–0545 7956

Associate Director, 

Deborah Applebaum-Bowden, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10190 435–0545 7956

Atherosclerosis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Momtaz Wassef, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10196 435–0550 7956

Hypertension Scientific Research Group

Leader, Paul A. Velletri, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10202 435–0560 7956

Division of Lung Diseases

Director, James P. Kiley, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10122 435–0233 7952

Deputy Director, Carol E. Vreim, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10120 435–0233 7952

Administrative Officer, Amy W. Sheetz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Airway Biology and Disease Program

Director, Gail G. Weinmann, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10210 435–0202 7952

Senior Scientific Advisor, Susan P. Banks-Schlegel, Ph.D. . . . . RKL2 10220 435–0202 7952

Asthma Scientific Research Group

Leader, Patricia Noel, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10222 435–0202 7952

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Environment 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Thomas Croxton, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10208 435–0202 7952

Cystic Fibrosis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Susan P. Banks-Schlegel, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10220 435–0202 7952

Sleep and Neurobiology Scientific Research Group

Leader, Michael J. Twery, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10116 435–0202 7952

Training and Special Programs Scientific Research Group

Leader, Ann Rothgeb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10124 435–0202 7952

Lung Biology and Disease Program

Director, Dorothy B. Gail, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10100 435–0222 7952

Senior Scientific Advisor, Andrea Harabin, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10108 435–0222 7952

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/Tuberculosis

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Hannah H. Peavy, M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10110 435–0222 7952

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

4

Acute Lung Injury/Critical Care Scientific Research Group

Leader, Andrea Harabin, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10108 435–0222 7952

Developmental Biology and Pediatric Pulmonary Diseases 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Mary Anne Berberich, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10102 435–0222 7952

Immunology/Fibrosis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Herbert Y. Reynolds, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10112 435–0222 7952

Lung Cell and Vascular Biology Scientific Research Group

Leader, Elizabeth Denholm, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10114 435–0222 7952

Training and Special Programs Scientific Research Group

Leader, Sandra Hatch, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10104 435–0222 7952

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

Director, Charles Peterson, M.D., M.B.A.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10160 435–0080 7950

Deputy Director, Liana Harvath, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10170 435–0080 7950

Senior Program Analyst, Susan Pucie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10166 435–0079 7950

Special Assistant, Henry Chang, M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10158 435–0080 7950

Clinical Trials Specialist, Elizabeth Wagner, M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10159 435–0080 7950

Administrative Officer, Kathryn Lightbody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Blood Diseases Program

Director, Blaine Moore, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10162 435–0050 7950

Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics Scientific Research Group

Leader, Greg Evans, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10152 435–0055 7950

Research Training, Ellen Werner, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10156 435–0050 7950

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program

Director, Pankaj Ganguley, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10176 435–0070 7950

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Rebecca Link, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10178 435–0070 7950

Research Training, Rita Sarka, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10165 435–0050 7950

Blood Resources Program

Director, Jean Henslee-Downey, M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10138 435–0065 7950

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics 

Scientific Research Group 

Leader, George J. Nemo, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10142 435–0065 7950

Research Training, Traci Mondoro, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10135 435–0065 7950

Small Business Research, Phyllis Mitchell, M.S.. . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10163 435–0075 7950

Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications

Director, Peter Savage, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8100 435–0422 7938

Deputy Director, Diane Bild, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8104 435–0422 7938

Senior Advisor, Jeffrey Cutler, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8102 435–0433 7938

Administrative Officer, Charlotte Wiltshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Office of Biostatistics Research

Director, Nancy L. Geller, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8210 435–0434 7938

Clinical Applications and Prevention Program

Director, Denise Simons-Morton, M.D., Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8130 435–0414 7936

Clinical Prevention and Translation Scientific Research Group

Leader, Lawrence Fine, M.D., Dr.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8138 435–0377 7936

Division of Lung Diseases (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

5

Clinical Trials Scientific Research Group

Leader, Michael Domanski, M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8146 435–0399 7936

Behavioral Medicine and Prevention Scientific Research Group

Leader, Peter G. Kaufmann, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8118 435–0404 7936

Epidemiology and Biometry Program

Acting Director, Paul D. Sorlie, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8176 435–0707 7934

Analytical Resources Scientific Research Group

Leader, Paul D. Sorlie, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8176 435–0707 7934

Genetic Epidemiology Scientific Research Group

Leader, Richard Fabsitz, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8164 435–0444 7934

Field Studies and Clinical Epidemiology 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Jean Olson, M.D., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8154 435–0701 7934

Framingham Epidemiology Research Unit

Leader, Daniel Levy, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2

Framingham, MA 01702–5827

508–935–3458

Jackson Heart Study

Leader, Evelyn Walker, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jackson Medical Mall

350 West Woodrow Wilson Drive

Jackson, MS 39213

601–368–4654

Division of Extramural Affairs

Director, Deborah P. Beebe, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7100 435–0260 7922

Deputy Director, Robert Musson, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7216 435–0266 7922

Committee Management Officer, Kathryn M. Valeda . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7220 435–0255 7922

Administrative Officer, Veronica M. Vanwagner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7112 435–6373 7921

Review Branch 

Chief, Valerie Prenger, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7214 435–0270 7924

Referral Officer, Roy White, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7202 435–0287 7924

Heart/Lung Scientific Review Group

Leader, William Johnson, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7178 435–0725 7924

Vascular/Blood Scientific Review Group

Leader, Jeffrey H. Hurst, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7208 435–0303 7924

Clinical Studies and Training Scientific Review Group

Leader, Patricia Haggerty, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7194 435–0288 7924

Office of Acquisitions

Chief, John C. Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6100 435–0330 7902

Deputy Chief, Pamela S. Lew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6106 435–0340 7902

Blood Diseases and Resources/NIAMS Branch

Chief, Joanna Magginas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6136 435–0355 7902

Heart, Lung, and Vascular Diseases Branch

Chief, Pamela S. Lew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6106 435–0340 7902

Epidemiology and Clinical Applications/ 

Women’s Health Initiative Branch

Chief, Patricia A. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6126 435–0345 7902

Procurement Branch

Chief, Debra C. Hawkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6150 435–0366 7902

Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

6

Grants Operations Branch

Chief, Suzanne A. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7160 435–0144 7926

Deputy Chief, Raymond Zimmerman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7174 435–0144 7926

Clinical and Molecular and Vascular Biology

Grants Management Section

Chief, David Reiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7172 435–0177 7926

Lung Diseases Grants Management Section

Chief, Robert A. Pike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7154 435–0166 7926

Blood Diseases and Resources Grants Management Section

Chief, Robert Vinson, Jr.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7156 435–0166 7926

Epidemiology and Clinical Application Grants Management Section

Chief, Teresa F. Marquette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7152 435–0177 7926

Heart Research and Training Grants Management Section

Chief, Mary S. Baylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7146 435–0166 7926

Division of Intramural Research

Office of the Scientific Director

Director, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10CRC* 4-1581 496–2116 1458

Intramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Gary Unger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N214 451–0892 1686

Office of the Clinical Director

Director, Richard O. Cannon III, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10CRC 4-1581 496–9895 1458

Office of Clinical Affairs

Associate Director, Maria Stagnitto, M.S.N. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N210 496–2295 1755

Office of Education

Chief, Herbert Geller, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8C106 451–9940 1755

Cardiology Branch

Chief, Toren Finkel, M.D., Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10CRC 5-3332 402–4081 1454

Hermatology Branch

Chief, Neal Young, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10CRC 3-5142 496–5093 1652

Flow Cytometry Core (FACS)

Head, Philip McCoy, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4A07 451–8824 1357

Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine Branch

Chief, Joel Moss, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6D03 496–1597 1590

Vascular Medicine Branch

Chief, Mark Gladwin, M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10CRC 5-5142 435–2310 1476

Biochemistry and Biophysics Center

Director, Boon Chock, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2134 496–2073 8012

Cell Biology and Physiology Center

Director, Edward D. Korn, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2517 496–1616 8017

Bioinformatics Core

Head, Eric Billings, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4A15 496–6520 1348

Light Microscopy Core

Head, Christian Combs, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6N309 496–3236 1623

Lipid Trafficking Core

Head, Edward Neufeld, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N116 496–3195 0850

Proteomics Core

Head, Rong-Fong Shen, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6C208 594–1060 1597

Division of Extramural Affairs (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

* 10CRC—Buidling 10 Clinical Research Center
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

7

Genetics and Development Biology Center

Director, Cecilia Lo, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4537 451–8041 8019

Animal MRI/Imaging Core

Head, Stasia Anderson, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2N240 401–0908 1518

Pathology Core

Head, Zu-Xi Yu, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2N240 496–5035 1518

Transgenic Core

Head, Chengyu Liu, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3305 435–5034 8018

Immunology Center

Director, Warren Leonard, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N252 496–0098 1674

NIH Mailing Address Formats

NHLBI staff e-mail addresses can be found by using the NIH Directory and E-mail Forwarding Service located 

on the Internet at http://directory.nih.gov.

Please use the following formats for NIH mailing addresses:

Division of Intramural Research (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Building 10 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 10, Room ____

10 Center Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Building 14E Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 14E, Room ____

14 Service Road South MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Building 31 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 31, Room ____

31 Center Drive MSC*____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Building 50 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 50, Room ____

50 South Drive MSC*

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Rockledge II

Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Two Rockledge Center, Room ____

6701 Rockledge Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20817–MSC†

Rockledge I

Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

One Rockledge Center, Room ____

6705 Rockledge Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20817–MSC†

* Retain the letters MSC before adding the mail stop code number.

† Replace the letters MSC with the mail stop code number.

NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

9

The National Heart Institute (NHI) was established 

in 1948 through the National Heart Act with a mission to support research and training in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular 

diseases (CVD). Twenty-four years later, through 

section 413 of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, 

Lung, and Blood Act (P.L. 92–423), Congress mandated the Institute to expand and coordinate its activities in an accelerated attack against heart, blood 

vessel, lung, and blood diseases. The renamed 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) 

expanded its scientific areas of interest and intensified its efforts related to research on diseases within 

its purview. Over the years, these areas of interest 

have grown to encompass genetic research, sleep disorders, and the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). 

The mission of the NHLBI is to provide leadership 

for a national program in diseases of the heart, blood 

vessels, lung, and blood; sleep disorders; and blood 

resources management. The Institute: 

• Plans, conducts, fosters, and supports an 

integrated and coordinated program of basic 

research, clinical investigations and trials, 

observational studies, and demonstration and 

education projects related to the causes, 

prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of heart, 

blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases, and 

sleep disorders conducted in its own 

laboratories and by other scientific institutions 

and individuals supported by research grants 

and contracts. 

• Plans and directs research in development and 

evaluation of interventions and devices related 

to the prevention of heart, lung, and blood 

diseases and sleep disorders and the treatment 

and rehabilitation of patients who suffer from 

them. 

• Conducts research on the clinical use of blood 

and all aspects of the management of blood 

resources. 

• Supports career training and development of 

new and established researchers in fundamental sciences and clinical disciplines to enable 

them to conduct basic and clinical research 

related to heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood 

diseases; sleep disorders; and blood resources 

through individual and institutional research 

training awards and career development 

awards. 

• Coordinates relevant activities with other 

research institutes and all Federal health 

programs in the above areas, including the 

causes of stroke. 

• Conducts educational activities, including 

development and dissemination of materials 

for health professionals and the public in the 

above areas, with emphasis on prevention. 

• Maintains continuing relationships with 

institutions and professional associations, and 

with international, national, state, and local 

officials, as well as voluntary agencies and 

organizations working in the above areas. 

• Oversees management of the WHI. 

Each year, the NHLBI assesses progress in the scientific areas for which it is responsible and updates 

its goals and objectives. As new opportunities are 

identified, the Institute expands and revises its areas 

of interest. Throughout the process, the approach 

used by the Institute is an orderly sequence of 

research activities that includes: 

• Acquisition of knowledge 

• Evaluation of knowledge 

• Application of knowledge 

• Dissemination of knowledge. 

As shown on page 10, the programs of the NHLBI 

are implemented through five extramural program 

units: the Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases 

(DHVD), the Division of Lung Diseases (DLD), the 

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources (DBDR), 

the Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications (DECA), and the National Center on Sleep 

Disorders Research (NCSDR); and one intramural 

unit, the Division of Intramural Research (DIR). 

Although the NHLBI has primary responsibility for 

2. Program Overview
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

10

the WHI, it is run by a consortium that includes the 

National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute on 

Aging (NIA), and the National Institute of Arthritis and 

Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). The 

Divisions and the Center pursue their own scientific 

missions but cooperate in areas of common interest. The 

extramural Divisions and the NCSDR use a variety of 

funding mechanisms, such as research grants, 

cooperative agreements, program project grants, Small 

Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grants, Small 

Business Technology Transfer grants, Specialized 

Centers of Research (SCOR) and Specialized Centers of 

Clinically Oriented Research (SCCOR) grants, 

comprehensive center grants, contracts, and research 

training and career development programs. Descriptions 

of the Division and Center programs, as well as the WHI, 

follow.

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Heart Research

Heart Development

Cardiac Function and Heart Failure

Ischemic Heart Disease

Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac 

Death

Vascular Biology Research

Atherosclerosis

Hypertension

Biology and Pathophysiology of 

Blood Vessels

Gene Therapy for Prevention and 

Treatment of Vascular Diseases

Clinical and Molecular Medicine

Cardiovascular Medicine

Bioengineering/Systems

Genomic and Proteomic 

Applications

Imaging/Nanotechnology

Bioinformatics

Lung Diseases 

Airway Biology and Disease 

Asthma 

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary 

Disease (COPD) and 

Environmental Lung Diseases

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) 

Neurobiology and Sleep

Lung Biology and Disease 

Lung Cell and Vascular Biology

Developmental Biology and 

Pediatric Lung Disease 

Critical Care and Acute Lung Injury

Acquired Immunodeficiency 

Syndrome (AIDS) and 

Tuberculosis (TB)

Immunology and Fibrosis 

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood Diseases

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)

Thalassemia

Erythropoiesis

Red Cells

Thrombosis and Hemostasis

Hemophilia and Other Bleeding 

Disorders

Hematologic Immune Disorders

Blood Resources 

Transfusion Medicine

Use, Safety, and Availability of 

Blood and Blood Components

Stem Cell Biology and Disease

Myelodysplasia, Marrow Failure, 

and Myeloproliferative Disorders

Hematopoietic Stem Cell 

Transplantation

Novel Cellular Therapies for Repair 

and Regeneration

Immune Deficiencies, 

Reconstitution, Response, and 

Tolerance

Epidemiology and Clinical 

Applications

Clinical Applications and 

Prevention 

Clinical Prevention and Translation 

Clinical Trials 

Behavioral Medicine and Prevention

Epidemiology and Biometry 

Field Studies and Clinical 

Epidemiology 

Analytical Resources 

Genetic Epidemiology

National Center on Sleep 

Disorders Research

Sleep 

Sleep Disorders and Related 

Conditions

Women’s Health Initiative

Intramural Research

Clinical Research 

Cardiology

Cardiothoracic Surgery

Hematology 

Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine

Laboratory Research 

Biochemical Genetics

Biochemistry

Cardiac Energetics

Cell Biology

Cell Signaling

Developmental Biology

Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism

Molecular Cardiology

Molecular Immunology

Molecular Physiology

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases and Blood Resources Program
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

11

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases 

The DHVD plans and directs a coordinated research 

program on the causes of heart and vascular diseases and 

on their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Fundamental biomedical research, including cutting-edge areas 

such as genomics, proteomics, nanotechnology, cellbased therapeutics, and gene therapy, is emphasized. 

Multidisciplinary programs are supported to advance 

basic knowledge of disease and to generate the most 

effective methods of clinical management and prevention. Clinical trials are an important part of the research 

program; they provide an opportunity to test and apply 

promising preventive or therapeutic measures. 

The Division is organized into three major research 

programs: 

• Heart Research Program 

• Vascular Research Program 

• Clinical and Molecular Medicine Program 

and the Research Training and Special Programs Scientific Research Group (SRG). 

Heart Research Program 

The Heart Research Program supports basic and clinical research in cardiac diseases, from embryonic life 

through adulthood. Targeted areas include heart development, cardiac disorders, inflammation and infectious 

disorders of the heart, heart transplantation, and myocardial preservation. Individual studies focus on normal 

and abnormal cardiac development, diabetic cardiomyopathy, gene–nutrient interactions in the pathogenesis of 

congenital heart defects, pathogenesis of heart failure, 

electrical remodeling, and various aspects of human 

immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection as it relates to 

the heart. SCCORs support clinical collaborative 

research in (1) cardiac dysfunction and disease and 

(2) pediatric heart development and disease. The Program comprises the two SRGs described below. 

Heart Development, Function, and Failure SRG 

The Heart Development, Function, and Failure SRG 

oversees a research program in heart development, cardiac function, and heart failure. It includes basic studies 

examining normal functional and structural development 

of the heart and major blood vessels, as well as the 

genetic, molecular, environmental, and mechanical etiology of congenital cardiovascular malformations. Clinical research networks are used to evaluate new treatment 

methods and management strategies for congenital malformations and acquired pediatric heart disease. 

Research on cardiac function and failure focuses on 

fundamental mechanisms associated with the structure, 

function, mechanics, and bioenergetics of normal and 

diseased myocardium; the role of contractile proteins in 

the cardiovascular system; and causes of cardiac hypertrophy and the subsequent transition from hypertrophy to 

heart failure. Individual projects include molecular, cellular, and physiological studies of diabetic cardiomyopathy; pathogenesis of heart failure, with emphasis on 

apoptosis (programmed cell death), myocyte division 

and growth, and cell transplantation; and studies to identify modifiers of gene defects leading to hypertrophic 

cardiomyopathy and heart failure. 

Arrhythmias, Ischemia, and Sudden Cardiac Death SRG 

The Arrhythmias, Ischemia, and Sudden Cardiac 

Death SRG oversees a research program on cardiac 

arrhythmias that focuses on elucidating the mechanisms 

involved in control of cardiac electrical activity; determining the contribution of cardiac membrane biophysics, 

membrane structure and organization, ion pumps and 

channels, and transport and gap junction proteins to electrogenesis; and understanding the long-term control of 

cardiovascular function as it relates to the onset or 

maintenance of arrhythmias. Investigators are seeking 

knowledge that will lead to the development of new 

approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 

arrhythmias. 

The SRG also oversees a research program on the etiology and pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease and 

its consequences and control and treatment of cardiac 

electrical activity, rhythm, and rate, especially as they 

relate to sudden cardiac death. Researchers are seeking 

ways to improve the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial ischemia. Special attention is directed toward 

understanding the pathophysiology of ischemic heart 

disease in blacks, a population that is disproportionately 

affected by the disorder. 

Vascular Biology Research Program 

The Vascular Biology Research Program supports 

research in atherosclerosis, hypertension, basic vascular 

biology, and gene therapy for prevention and treatment 

of vascular diseases. Other targeted areas focus on the 

etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of excess CVD in 

diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular complications of 

HIV/AIDS. SCORs support collaborative studies on 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

12

molecular medicine and atherosclerosis and the molecular genetics of hypertension. The Program comprises the 

two SRGs described below. 

Atherosclerosis SRG 

The Atherosclerosis SRG oversees a comprehensive 

research program on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of atherosclerosis. Areas 

of emphasis include pathobiology and genetics of the 

vasculature; vascular growth and angiogenesis; interactions of the vascular wall with systemic and humoral 

factors promoting atherogenesis; and lesion progression, 

complication, and regression. Individual studies focus 

on characterization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, 

pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms, role of 

homocysteinemia in atherosclerosis, mechanisms of 

atherosclerosis in various vascular beds, and research 

on atherosclerotic lesions. Additional projects target 

pathobiological determinants of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus, vessel-wall 

calcification, the role of infectious agents in atherosclerosis, immunobiology of the vessel wall, obesityassociated CVD, exercise physiology, peripheral artery 

disease (PAD), and effect of protease inhibitors on atherosclerosis development in HIV infection. Of special 

interest is understanding atherosclerosis risk among 

minorities. 

Hypertension SRG 

The Hypertension SRG directs a research program to 

identify and characterize genes and their corresponding 

phenotypes involved with hypertension; elucidate regulation mechanisms associated with blood pressure control; clarify functional control of the cerebrovasculature; 

and identify causative factors of essential hypertension 

and rare forms of high blood pressure. It also seeks to 

determine the mechanisms by which high blood pressure 

increases the risk of, or occurs concomitantly with, other 

diseases such as kidney failure, stroke, metabolic syndrome X, obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, 

preeclampsia, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Further, 

it fosters studies to develop preventive strategies and 

interventions for hypertension, understand the biological 

underpinnings of salt sensitivity and the basis of targetorgan damage in hypertension, and identify neurological 

mechanisms responsible for long-term control of blood 

pressure and functional neurological changes that result 

in essential hypertension. Attention is directed to eliminating health disparities among minorities and between 

men and women. 

Clinical and Molecular Medicine Program 

The Clinical and Molecular Medicine Program supports clinical, basic, engineering, and quantitative 

research on CVD and health. Areas of interest include 

genetics, genomics, and proteomics; engineering theory 

and practice applied to cardiovascular biology and medicine; informatics and simulation; computational systems; 

and cohort, case-control, and randomized clinical trials. 

Projects focus on heart failure, revascularization, renal 

stenting, diabetes management, outcome improvement in 

resuscitation, reduction in cardiovascular health disparities, minority and women’s health, and the implantable 

artificial heart. The program comprises the two SRGs 

described below. 

Cardiovascular Medicine SRG 

The Cardiovascular Medicine SRG directs a research 

program on CVD in adult and pediatric patients. It 

examines the role of lipid interventions, nutrition, and 

exercise in preventing heart disease. Areas of emphasis 

include development of treatments or new applications 

of existing medical and surgical strategies for acute and 

chronic ischemic heart disease; dietary and medical management of dyslipidemia; quantitative measurement of 

atherosclerosis; diagnosis and management of arrhythmias; resuscitation; cardiomyopathies of different etiologies (e.g., ischemic, valvular, metabolic, HIV-related, 

other infectious); congenital malformations; peripheral 

vascular disease; restenosis after revascularization procedures; cardiovascular applications of radiotherapy; and 

cardiovascular dysfunction in long-term pediatric cancer 

survivors. 

Bioengineering and Genomic Applications SRG 

The Bioengineering and Genomic Applications SRG 

directs an interdisciplinary research program that applies 

engineering theory and practice to increase knowledge at 

the genetic, molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ level 

and examines materials, processes, and devices for the 

cardiovascular system. Individual projects focus on 

innovative ventricular assist systems, implantable total 

artificial hearts, genetically enhanced cardiovascular 

implants, nanotechnology, magnetic resonance angiography, physical stress and strain, micromechanics, selfassembly, mathematical models, simulation and systems, 

imaging, biomaterials, tissue engineering, and therapeutic devices.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

13

Division of Lung Diseases 

The DLD plans and directs a coordinated research 

program on the causes and progression of lung diseases 

and on their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Areas 

of interest include the biology and function of the respiratory system, fundamental mechanisms associated with 

specific pulmonary disorders, and development of new 

treatment strategies for patients. SCORs support collaborative studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of 

asthma, airway biology and pathogenesis of CF, the 

pathobiology of lung development, and the pathobiology 

of fibrotic lung disease; a SCCOR supports collaborative 

translational research in acute lung injury. Demonstration and education projects to transfer basic research and 

clinical findings to health care professionals and patients, 

as well as training and career development programs for 

individuals interested in furthering their professional 

abilities in lung diseases research, also are important 

activities. 

The Division is organized into two major research programs: 

• Airway Biology and Disease Program 

• Lung Biology and Disease Program. 

Airway Biology and Disease Program 

The Airway Biology and Disease Program supports 

basic and clinical research, education, and training 

related to asthma, COPD, CF, control of breathing, bronchiolitis, respiratory neurobiology, sleep, and other adult 

airway diseases. It comprises the four research SRGs 

described below and a Training and Special Programs 

SRG, which manages training and career development in 

lung diseases research for individuals at all stages of 

their professional development. 

Asthma SRG 

The Asthma SRG oversees a broad research program 

in asthma. Basic research focuses on elucidating the 

etiology and pathophysiology of the disease. Studies 

include elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with development, exacerbation, and 

persistence of asthma and the effect of the environment 

on them; identifying susceptibility genes that influence 

development, progression, outcome, and response to 

treatment in different racial groups; determining the 

differences between the pathophysiology of severe 

asthma and mild-to-moderate asthma; and investigating 

the role of the immune system, its function in early life, 

and its influence on asthma development. 

Clinical research focuses on improving asthma management and reducing health disparities in asthma that 

exist between whites and other ethnic groups, as well as 

economically disadvantaged populations. Two asthma 

networks have been established to assess new treatment 

strategies and ensure rapid dissemination of research 

findings to health care professionals. The Division has 

established cooperative partnerships between minorityserving institutions and research-intensive institutions to 

examine factors that contribute to health disparities and 

to develop strategies for their elimination. The purpose 

of the partnerships is to conduct collaborative research 

on asthma disparities and provide reciprocal training 

experiences to enhance research opportunities and capabilities and enrich the cultural sensitivity at both institutions. 

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Environment 

SRG 

The COPD/Environment SRG oversees research on 

the underlying causes of COPD and improving its 

treatment and management. Studies include examining 

the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of COPD; 

searching for genes that may make some individuals 

more susceptible to the development of the disorder; 

identifying and characterizing biomarkers of COPD 

presence, severity, and exacerbation; evaluating treatment strategies; and applying gene therapy to correct the 

defective gene or to introduce the functional gene for 

alpha-1 antitrypsin in deficient individuals with familial 

emphysema. 

A clinical research network has been established to 

conduct clinical trials of promising therapies for COPD 

that may reduce the frequency and severity of disease 

exacerbation. Additionally, a program was initiated to 

provide researchers with lung tissue specimens that were 

removed for medical reasons and are not needed for 

diagnostic purposes. 

Cystic Fibrosis SRG 

The CF SRG oversees basic and clinical research 

related to the origins and control of infections and 

inflammatory and immune responses in the lungs of CF 

patients, loss of CF transmembrane conductance regulation on development of CF, effects of other genes on its 

manifestation, and genetic and metabolic defects underlying pulmonary complications associated with CF. 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

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Developing new genetic, pharmacologic, and nonpharmacologic (e.g., gene transfer) treatments also is an area 

of emphasis. 

Sleep and Neurobiology SRG 

The Sleep and Neurobiology SRG oversees sleep 

research on sleep and circadian neurobiology, sleep regulation, health consequences, and treatment of sleep disorders, sleep disordered breathing, and ventilatory control. 

Lung Biology and Disease Program 

The Lung Biology and Disease Program supports 

research, education, and training programs in lung cell 

and vascular biology; developmental biology and pediatric lung diseases; acute lung injury and critical care medicine; interstitial lung diseases, including pulmonary 

fibrosis; and AIDS and TB. It comprises the five 

research SRGs described below and a Training and Special Programs SRG that manages training and career 

development in lung diseases research for individuals at 

all stages of their professional development. 

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/Tuberculosis 

SRG 

The AIDS/TB SRG oversees a research program on 

the basic pathogenetic mechanisms involved in HIVrelated lung disorders, especially TB–HIV dual infection 

and animal and mathematical models to gain information 

that may lead to new treatment strategies. Many of the 

studies employ genetic, molecular, and cellular approaches. Additional areas of interest include cardiopulmonary complications of HIV infection in infants, 

children, and adults; pathobiology of TB and Pneumocystis carinii and basic cell biology of pulmonary 

manifestation of AIDS; lung-specific drug delivery systems for enhanced TB treatment; behavioral interventions for control of TB; and educational programs to 

improve training in TB. 

Acute Lung Injury/Critical Care SRG 

The Acute Lung Injury/Critical Care SRG oversees 

research on the etiology and molecular and cellular 

pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome 

(ARDS). It supports an ARDS clinical network to 

evaluate therapeutic strategies such as pulmonary artery 

catheterization, fluid management, and use of antiinflammatory agents, including corticosteroids, in 

patients with the disorder and those at risk. Other areas 

of focus include basic studies on the pathogenesis of 

acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the lung and studies to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of 

critically ill patients with lung injury.

Developmental Biology and Pediatrics SRG 

The Developmental Biology and Pediatrics SRG oversees research on normal lung development and on factors 

that may contribute to its abnormal development such as 

prenatal and postnatal infections and reactive inflammation. Additional areas of emphasis include understanding the regulation of lung alveoli development in order to 

design new treatments for lung diseases, creating a 

molecular profile of bronchopulmonary dysplasia to 

advance understanding of the condition and lead to 

effective clinical intervention, evaluating the safety and 

efficacy of nitric oxide in preventing and treating chronic 

lung disease in newborn infants, and evaluating the efficacy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure compared with conventional ventilation, with and without 

surfactant, in the management of premature newborns. 

Immunology/Fibrosis SRG 

The Immunology/Fibrosis SRG oversees research on 

interstitial lung diseases, such as sarcoidosis, idiopathic 

pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), which are characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the lung alveolar 

walls and surrounding tissue. Specific projects focus on 

elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of 

lung inflammation and fibrosis; identifying potential targets and agents for IPF therapy; establishing an IPF network, identifying genetic factors that influence 

sarcoidosis in blacks and genes that increase susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis; translating basic research findings into clinical applications for LAM; and improving 

allograft function after lung transplantation. 

Lung Cell and Vascular Biology SRG 

The Lung Cell and Vascular Biology SRG oversees 

research on the molecular and cellular biology of epithelial and endothelial cells of the alveoli and the lung surfactant system. Additional areas of interest encompass 

studies on regulation of the pulmonary vasculature, 

including cell growth and signaling; cellular and molecular mechanisms of primary pulmonary hypertension; 

identification of genes related to lung function; and 

development of new methods to deliver drugs via lung 

epithelial cells. 
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Division of Blood Diseases and Resources 

The DBDR plans and directs a coordinated research 

program on the causes and prevention of blood diseases 

and disorders. Areas of interest encompass a broad 

spectrum of research from stem cell biology to medical 

management of blood diseases, with a focus on nonmalignant and premalignant processes. The Division 

also has a major responsibility to improve the adequacy 

and safety of the Nation’s blood supply. It has recently 

taken a leading role in developing cell-based therapies, 

combining the expertise of transfusion medicine and 

stem cell technology with the exploration of repair and 

regeneration of human tissues and biological systems. 

The Division is organized into three major programs: 

• Blood Diseases Program 

• Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program

• Blood Resources Program. 

Blood Diseases Program 

The Blood Diseases Program supports research and 

training in nonmalignant disorders, including anemias, 

SCD, and thalassemia. It also supports studies on 

malaria, iron overload and erythropoiesis, and red cells. 

The Program comprises one research SRG described 

below and a Research Training Group that manages training and career development in blood diseases research for 

individuals at all stages of their professional development. 

Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics SRG 

The Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics SRG oversees 

a comprehensive program focusing on reducing morbidity and mortality caused by disorders of the hematopoietic system and preventing their occurrence. Diseases 

include SCD, thalassemia, Fanconi anemia, and 

Diamond-Blackfan anemia. 

Research in SCD and thalassemia ranges from elucidating their etiology and pathophysiology to improving 

disease treatment and management. Areas of emphasis 

include genetics, regulation of hemoglobin synthesis, 

iron chelation, development of drugs to increase fetal 

hemoglobin production, and gene therapy. Developing 

animal models for preclinical studies is another area of 

interest. Clinical studies in SCD are investigating stroke 

prevention and the long-term effects of hydroxyurea 

therapy. A phase III clinical trial is determining whether 

hydroxyurea is effective in preventing chronic end organ 

damage in children with SCD. 

The SRG oversees a program of Comprehensive 

Sickle Cell Centers which collectively form a SCD clinical research network. Individually, each center conducts 

basic and clinical research, delivers state-of-the-art 

patient care, offers educational activities for patients and 

health professionals, performs community outreach, and 

provides genetic counseling services. 

A thalassemia clinical network is evaluating new 

treatment strategies and ensuring that research findings 

on optimal management of the disease are rapidly disseminated to practitioners and health care professionals. 

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program

The Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program supports 

research and training in hemostasis, thrombosis, and 

endothelial cell biology. Areas of interest include gene 

transfer, clinical proteomics, inflammation and thrombosis, coagulation activation, autoimmune disease, and 

thrombotic complications of obesity, diabetes, and cancer. The Program comprises one research SRG 

described below and a Research Training Group that 

manages training and career development related to 

thrombosis and hemostasis.

Thrombosis and Hemostasis SRG 

The Thrombosis and Hemostasis SRG oversees a 

comprehensive program of basic research, clinical studies, and technology development in hemostasis, thrombosis, and endothelial cell biology, with a focus on 

understanding the pathogenesis of both arterial and 

venous thrombosis in order to improve diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of thrombosis in heart attack, 

stroke, and peripheral vascular diseases. A major goal is 

to find additional platelet inhibitors, anticoagulants, and 

fibrinolytic agents that will improve specificity and 

reduce side effects when used in treating thrombotic and 

thromboembolic disorders. SCORs support collaborative studies on hemostatic and thrombotic disorders. 

Finding an effective treatment for hemophilia is 

another priority. Bleeding disorders associated with 

defects in coagulation proteins or abnormal platelet function, such as the immune thrombocytopenias, also are 

being studied. 

Blood Resources Program 

The Blood Resources Program supports research and 

research training in transfusion medicine, stem cell biology and disease, clinical cellular medicine, and blood 
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

16

supply adequacy and safety. The Program is organized 

into one SRG described below.

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics SRG 

The Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics 

SRG supports research on the use, safety, and availability of blood and blood components for transfusion and 

cellular therapies. Areas of interest in transfusion medicine include transmission of disease through transfusion, 

development of methods to detect and inactivate viruses 

in donated blood, improvement of blood donor screening 

procedures, and emerging diseases that may be transmitted by blood transfusions. Also supported are basic and 

clinical investigations related to transfusion immunobiology, focusing on graft-versus-host disease, graftversus-leukemia effect, and dendritic cell therapies. 

The SRG oversees research on hematopoiesis, stem 

cell biology and diseases, and cellular therapies. Areas 

of major focus are determining the factors that cause 

stem cells to start and stop dividing, move throughout 

the body, and lodge in a specific place, and understanding the fundamentals of stem cell biology that will lead 

to cell-based therapies. 

The Program also supports two clinical research networks to promote efficient comparison of innovative 

treatment strategies—one for patients undergoing blood 

or marrow transplantation and the other for patients with 

hemostatic disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. SCORs 

support collaborative studies on hematopoietic stem cell 

biology and transfusion biology and medicine. 

Division of Epidemiology and Clinical 

Applications 

The DECA supports clinical research on the causes, 

prevention, and treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders. The Division oversees a broad array of epidemiological studies (including 

field studies, genetic epidemiology, and clinical epidemiology); clinical trials of interventions to prevent and treat 

disease (particularly chronic CVD and conditions); demonstration and education research; and basic and applied 

behavioral studies. Research often focuses on defined 

populations (e.g., minorities, occupational groups, 

school children, and health professionals) and community settings. For planning and evaluation purposes, the 

Division provides statistics on cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases from national data and cohort studies. 

The Division is organized into two major research programs: 

• Clinical Applications and Prevention Program 

• Epidemiology and Biometry Program 

and an Office of Biostatistics Research. 

Clinical Applications and Prevention Program 

The Clinical Applications and Prevention Program 

supports research and research training on the effects of 

specific clinical and/or behavioral interventions for prevention and treatment of heart and vascular disease. 

Research includes efficacy studies to determine whether 

specific interventions improve disease outcomes under 

rigorously controlled and ideal circumstances, effectiveness studies to determine whether specific interventions 

result in favorable outcomes in more applied settings, 

and translational studies that test interventions to 

improve the delivery of proven approaches in clinical or 

public health settings. The Program is organized into the 

three SRGs described below. 

Behavioral Medicine and Prevention SRG 

The Behavioral Medicine and Prevention SRG 

addresses psychological, social, cultural, lifestyle, and 

other behavioral factors that influence disease etiology, 

pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment. Included 

are studies of basic behavioral principles related to 

health; relationships between psychosocial and lifestyle 

factors and CVD risk; effects of psychosocial factors in 

prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation; efficacy and 

effectiveness of behavioral, psychosocial, or lifestyle 

interventions to reduce disease risk and improve risk factor levels; effects of health-promotion interventions in 

community settings; and methods to disseminate effective lifestyle programs to communities. Key topics 

include stress, depression, social support, adherence, 

quality of life, diet, physical activity, and obesity.

Clinical Trials SRG 

 The Clinical Trials SRG supports studies of new therapies for CVD. A central activity of the group is the 

conduct of multicenter, randomized trials to evaluate 

therapeutic interventions. In addition to evaluating the 

usefulness of specific therapies, trials are used to study 

disease mechanisms as the basis for future interventions. 

Areas of emphasis include heart failure, coronary artery 

disease, sudden cardiac death, and supra ventricular 

arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation.
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17

Clinical Prevention and Translation SRG 

The Clinical Prevention and Translation SRG 

addresses efficacy of risk factor treatments for CVD 

prevention, particularly studies testing interventions that 

would be delivered in outpatient clinical settings if 

successful. Included are pharmacologic treatments of 

known CVD risk factors and of putative novel risk factors for primary prevention, lifestyle interventions for 

primary prevention delivered in clinical practice settings, 

and lifestyle treatments for secondary prevention. The 

SRG also addresses approaches to improve implementation in clinical practice settings of interventions with 

proven efficacy, including research on effective methods 

for disseminating and implementing preventive as well 

as treatment interventions, consistent with evidencebased guidelines, as an integral part of routine medical 

care.

Epidemiology and Biometry Program 

The Epidemiology and Biometry Program supports 

research and research training in epidemiological studies 

of heart and vascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders in defined populations in the United States and 

other countries. Research includes temporal trends and 

population patterns in prevalence, incidence, morbidity, 

and mortality from heart, lung, and blood diseases; risk 

factors for their development and progression; genetic 

and environmental influences and their interactions in 

the development of subclinical and clinical heart, lung, 

and blood diseases and sleep disorders; and design and 

analysis of long-term observational studies. The Program is organized into the three SRGs and two research 

units described below.

Analytical Resources SRG 

The Analytical Resources SRG is responsible for 

(1) conducting research in the area of biometric and 

epidemiologic methods and their application to studies 

involving the incidence of and mortality from cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases; (2) applying research 

strategies using family, longitudinal, and demographic 

information and vital statistics to study the natural history, etiology, and epidemiology of cardiovascular, lung, 

and blood diseases; (3) providing the Program and the 

Institute with statistical and epidemiological consultation 

including national trends in the morbidity and mortality 

associated with cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases; 

(4) advising the Program, the Institute, and outside 

investigators on the design and analysis of large prospective epidemiological studies; and (5) compiling, 

cataloging, and maintaining data sets and files from 

epidemiologic studies conducted by the Program.

Field Studies and Clinical Epidemiology SRG 

The Field Studies and Clinical Epidemiology SRG 

conducts multicenter cohort studies of the development 

and progression of CVD and their risk factors in U.S. 

populations among people of various ages, genders, and 

racial groups. The SRG convenes working groups to 

advise on critical new research, proposes epidemiologic 

research with appropriate study designs, initiates epidemiologic studies, manages large and complex field studies, evaluates study proficiency and productivity, and 

collaborates on scientific research. The SRG advises the 

Program and other Divisions on clinical epidemiology, 

measurements of subclinical CVD, and management of 

complex and large field-based epidemiologic studies.

Genetic Epidemiology SRG 

The Genetic Epidemiology SRG is responsible for 

(1) conducting research studies focused on twins, pairs 

of siblings, and families to elucidate genetic and environmental contributors to heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and to characterize gene–gene and gene–environment 

interactions; (2) advising the Program, the Institute, and 

outside investigators on the design and analysis of studies of genetically characterized individuals in epidemiologic studies; (3) promoting the collection, storage, and 

maintenance of blood samples in existing studies to 

allow genotypic characterization of study cohort members for analyses in relation to phenotypic data; and 

(4) maintaining inventories of existing genetic databases 

and recent findings from ongoing epidemiologic studies 

conducted by the Program.

Framingham Epidemiology Research Unit 

Located in Framingham, MA, the Framingham Epidemiology Research Unit (FERU) collaborates with extramurally funded Framingham investigators to identify 

and pursue research opportunities in cardiovascular, 

lung, and blood diseases in the Framingham Cohort and 

Offspring Studies. FERU staff are involved in all 

aspects of protocol development; clinic operations; event 

review; research training; and development of research 

hypotheses, analyses, reports, and publications.

Jackson Epidemiology Research Unit 

Located in Jackson, MS, the Jackson Epidemiology 

Research Unit (JERU) collaborates with extramurally 

funded Jackson investigators to identify and pursue 

research opportunities in cardiovascular, lung, and blood 
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

18

diseases in the Jackson Heart Study. JERU staff members are involved in all aspects of protocol development; 

clinic operations; event review; research training; and 

development of research hypotheses, analyses, reports, 

and publications. 

Office of Biostatistics Research 

The Office of Biostatistics Research (OBR) provides 

statistical expertise to the Institute and performs diverse 

functions in planning, designing, implementing, and analyzing NHLBI-sponsored studies. It has primary responsibility for providing objective, statistically sound, and 

medically relevant solutions to problems arising in 

NHLBI-sponsored studies. The OBR is concerned with 

designing efficient studies and monitoring data from 

ongoing studies. 

The methodological interests of the OBR concern survival analysis, longitudinal data analysis, and efficient 

study designs, including monitoring ongoing clinical 

studies for efficacy and safety. Recently the OBR has 

made contributions to statistical genetics and has 

extended its expertise to bioinformatics. 

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research 

The NCSDR plans, directs, and supports basic, clinical, and applied research, health education, training, and 

prevention research in sleep, chronobiology, and sleep 

disorders. It oversees developments in its program areas; 

assesses the national needs for research on causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sleep disorders and 

sleepiness; and coordinates sleep research activities 

across the Federal Government and with professional, 

voluntary, and private organizations. The Center promotes information sharing and coordinates implementation of interagency programs. 

The NHLBI sleep research program seeks to understand the molecular, genetic, and physiological regulation of sleep and the relationship of sleep disorders to 

CVD. It also supports efforts to understand the relationships of sleep restriction and sleep-disordered breathing 

to the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, high blood 

pressure, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and vascular 

inflammation. Ongoing NHLBI-funded research 

projects include studies to elucidate the etiology and 

pathogenesis of sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea; 

determine the role of sleep apnea in CVD and cerebrovascular disease; examine sleep and sleep disorders 

in children; and identify new animal models of sleep disorders.

In 2005, the NCSDR coordinated efforts that led to the 

NIH State of the Science Conference on Manifestations 

and Management of Chronic Insomnia in Adults, a consensus conference cosponored by the National Institute 

of Mental Health (NIMH) and the NIH Office of Medical Applications of Research. After considerating the 

scientific evidence presented, the independent panel of 

experts released a state-of-the-science statement on 

insomnia and its treatment, which can be found on the 

Internet at www.consensus.nih.gov.

Multidisciplinary research training programs in sleep 

biology and sleep disorders are being supported to 

ensure that highly trained scientists are available to 

address important gaps in the current biomedical and 

biological understanding of sleep, including those outlined in the 2003 National Sleep Disorders Research 

Plan. 

The NCSDR works closely with the NHLBI Office of 

Prevention, Education, and Control (OPEC) on education pertaining to sleep problems and sleep disorders for 

physicians, other health care providers, and the general 

public. Information for the public about sleep apnea was 

updated and incorporated into the NHLBI Web-based 

Diseases and Conditions Index (DCI) at 

www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Browse/Sleep.html. 

Reaching children and adolescents with messages 

about sleep and sleep disorders is a priority. In 2004, the 

NCSDR disseminated a new high school supplemental 

curriculum on the biology of sleep. In 2005, it published 

in the June issue of Pediatrics a manuscript, “Excessive 

Sleepiness in Adolescents and Young Adults: Causes, 

Consequences, and Treatment Strategies,” prepared by 

the NCSDR Working Group on Sleepiness in Adolescents/Young Adults and the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence. 

Women’s Health Initiative 

The WHI, which was established by the NIH in 1991, 

was transferred to the NHLBI on October 1, 1997. Its 

mission is to address the most common causes of death, 

disability, and impaired quality of life in postmenopausal 

women. These include heart disease, breast and colorectal cancer, and osteoporosis. 
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

19

The WHI is a 15-year project consisting of three major 

components: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial of 

promising but unproven approaches to prevention; an 

observational study to identify predictors of disease; and 

a study of community approaches to developing healthful behaviors. 

The clinical trial and the observational study enrolled 

more than 161,000 women aged 50 to 79, 18.5 percent of 

whom are minorities. More than 68,000 women were 

enrolled in one of three clinical trials for 8.5 years with 

the goal of assessing the preventive use of hormone therapy, diet modification, and calcium and vitamin D supplements. 

• The hormone therapy component focused on risks 

and benefits of combined estrogen (conjugated 

equine estrogen) and progestin (medroxyprogesterone acetate) on coronary heart disease 

(CHD), breast cancer, and osteoporosis risk in 

women with a uterus, and estrogen alone in 

women without a uterus. 

• The dietary modification component focused on 

the efficacy of a diet low in fat but high in fruits, 

vegetables, and grains in preventing breast and 

colorectal cancers and heart disease. 

• The calcium and vitamin D supplements 

component focused on the efficacy of the two 

nutrients in preventing fractures and reducing the 

risk of colorectal cancer. 

Women who were ineligible or unwilling to participate 

in the clinical trial were encouraged to enroll in a concurrent long-term observational study that involved no specific intervention, but tracked their medical history and 

health habits for 8.5 years. The study was looking for 

predictors and biological markers—including genetic 

markers—for disease. 

Forty clinical centers recruited postmenopausal 

women for the clinical trial and the observational study. 

Ten of the centers recruited primarily minority populations: blacks, Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and 

American Indians.

Unlike the clinical trial and observation study components, the Community Prevention Study component 

focused on community-based strategies to persuade 

women, especially those of different races, ethnic 

groups, and socioeconomic strata, to adopt healthful 

behaviors. Its goal was to conduct prevention research 

that translates into model intervention programs, which, 

in turn, could be widely disseminated to communities 

throughout the United States. Areas of emphasis 

included reduction of CVD, especially among black 

women; peer support among minority women; environmental factors and physical activity; osteoporosis prevention, education, and outreach; diabetes care in 

minority women; methods to enhance physical activity; 

and a survey of women’s attitudes regarding surgical 

menopause and hormone therapy. The study was completed in 2000.

On July 9, 2002, after an average of 5.6 years of 

follow-up, the NHLBI announced an early end to the 

estrogen plus progestin trial, which was scheduled to run 

until 2005, because the risks outweighed the benefits. 

Specifically, investigators discovered increased risks of 

invasive breast cancer, heart attacks, strokes, and blood 

clots in study participants on combined hormone therapy 

of conjugated equine estrogen and medroxyprogesterone 

compared with women taking placebo pills. They also 

found decreases in hip fractures and colon cancer in the 

treatment group compared with the control group. 

Although the actual increased risk of breast cancer or 

CVD for women on long-term estrogen plus progestin 

was small—less than one-tenth of 1 percent per year—

applied to the entire population of women over several 

years, its potential public health impact could be 

significant. 

In 2003, a memory substudy of the WHI found that 

older women taking combination hormone therapy had 

twice the rate of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, compared with women who did not take the medication. The study also found that the combined therapy 

did not protect against development of mild cognitive 

impairment, a form of cognitive decline less severe than 

dementia. 

The study of estrogen-alone hormone therapy among 

women who had a hysterectomy was halted at the end of 

February 2004 because of safety issues. Investigators 

found that conjugated equine estrogen resulted in no 

reduction in CHD risk, but increased the risk of stroke in 

postmenopausal women who had been followed an average of 6.8 years. The study, which was scheduled to run 

until March 2005, also found that estrogen-alone therapy 

significantly increased the risk of deep vein thrombosis, 

had no significant effect on the risk of breast or colorectal cancer, and reduced the risk of hip and other fractures. 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

20

The memory substudy of these women, aged 65 to 79 

at the beginning of the trial, showed that older women 

using estrogen-alone hormone therapy could be at a 

slightly greater risk of developing dementia, including 

Alzheimer’s disease, than women who do not use any 

menopausal hormone therapy. In addition, scientists 

found that estrogen alone did not prevent cognitive 

decline. 

The clinical trials of Dietary Modification and Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements ended in March 2005 

as originally planned. Research findings will be published in February 2006. 

The participants of the WHI clinical trials and the 

observational study are partipating in an extension study, 

which will continue until 2010. Biologic resources 

(bloods and DNA) from the studies will be available to 

the broader scientific community in 2006. 

Division of Intramural Research 

The DIR conducts laboratory and clinical research in 

heart, vascular, lung, blood, and kidney diseases and 

develops technology related to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Areas of interest include the biology of 

experimental and clinical arteriosclerosis and its manifestations; pathophysiology of hypertensive vascular disease; functions of the lung; clinical and experimental 

studies on physiologic and pharmacologic aspects of 

heart, lung, and blood diseases; and a broad program of 

other basic research and technical development related to 

them.

In FY 2005, the DIR was reorganized. The Office of 

the Director, Laboratory Research Program, became the 

Office of the Scientific Director and the Office of the 

Director, Clinical Research Program, became the Office 

of the Clinical Director, which was subsumed within the 

Office of the Scientific Director. Clinical branches and 

their laboratories and sections were abolished and four 

new branches were established: the Cardiovascular 

Branch, the Hematology Branch, the Pulmonary Critical 

Care Medicine Branch, and the Vascular Medicine 

Branch. 

The reorganized DIR includes the following four Centers and four Branches:

Biochemistry and Biophysics Center

The Biochemistry and Biophysics Center develops a 

global view of the molecular basis of structure–function 

relationships of proteins and biologically relevant molecules. It performs state-of-the-art nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of protein structure and 

functional interactions, develops mathematical tools for 

generating theoretical models of protein structure–

function relationships, elucidates the mechanisms of 

enzyme function, and investigates the relationship 

between protein stucture–function and cell signaling 

pathways.

Cell Biology and Physiology Center

The Cell Biology and Physiology Center develops a 

global view of the mechanisms that regulate cellular 

function and physiology. It evaluates the mechanisms 

that control different molecular machines within the 

cytosol, including those involved in muscle contraction, 

and cytosolic and membrane transport processes. The 

Center studies cellular signaling events associated with 

hormone action, cytosolic trafficking, and energy metabolism; investigates the role of cellular processes on function and adaptation in whole animal model systems; and 

develops unique measuring devices for studying biochemical and physiological processes in intact cells, 

whole animals, and clinical situations.

Genetics and Development Biology Center

The Genetics and Development Biology Center develops a global view of the mechanisms that regulate cardiovascular development and the etiology of congenital 

heart anomalies and CVD. It evaluates the function of 

specific genes and transcription factors in the development of the heart and other tissues, develops techniques 

and approaches for gene delivery and gene therapy in 

model systems, and works toward a better understanding 

of basic processes involved in regulating and interpreting 

the genetic code in development and disease.

Immunology Center

The Immunology Center develops a global view on 

the molecular basis of immune processes. It studies the 

intracellular and signaling processes involved in the activation of lymphocytes and mast cells, investigates the 

mechanisms by which drugs and other agents result in 

allergic–autoimmune reactions, and relates the results to 

the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic 

approaches in humans.

Cardiovascular Branch

The Cardiovascular Branch develops diagnostic and 

therapeutic modalities for the treatment of CVD. It 

investigates laboratory-based mechanistic studies and 

innovative clinical protocols. 
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21

Hematology Branch

The Hematology Branch conducts basic and clinical 

research on normal and abnormal hematopoiesis. Areas 

of interest include bone marrow failure, viral infections 

of hematopoietic cells, gene therapy of hematologic and 

malignant diseases, bone marrow transplantation, and 

mechanisms of immunologically mediated syndromes 

such as graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune 

diseases.

Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine Branch

The Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine Branch conducts research on the lung and cardiovascular system 

directed at defining, on the molecular level, normal function and disease. It focuses on the integration of biochemical, molecular, biological, and immunological 

events into an understanding of intra- and intercellular 

communications and organ function.

Vascular Medicine Branch

The Vascular Medicine Branch conducts research on 

the lung and vasculature directed at defining, on a molecular, biochemical, and functional level, normal physiological function and novel mechanisms of disease. It 

focuses on translational study and therapeutic modulation of these functions to mitigate vasculopathy in lung 

and heart disease.

Office of Prevention, Education, and Control 

The Institute’s OPEC coordinates the translation and 

dissemination of research findings and scientific consensus to health professionals, patients, and the public, so 

that information can be adapted for, and integrated into, 

health care practice and individual health behavior. 

NHLBI health education programs and initiatives established through the OPEC address high blood pressure, 

high blood cholesterol, asthma, early warning signs of 

heart attack, obesity, sleep disorders, women’s heart 

health, PAD, and COPD. For reducing high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and obesity, two approaches 

are used: one focuses on individuals at high risk and the 

other on the general public. Special attention is given to 

minority populations that are disproportionately affected 

by disorders within the Institute’s mandate. 

The four largest education programs have coordinating committees consisting of national medical, public 

health, and voluntary organizations and other Federal 

agencies, which help to plan, implement, and evaluate 

the Institute’s professional, patient, and public education 

programs. 

The National High Blood Pressure Education Program 

(NHBPEP) was initiated in 1972 to reduce death and 

disability related to high blood pressure. It employs a 

comprehensive strategy to mobilize, educate, and coordinate groups concerned with hypertension prevention and 

control. Major activities include developing and disseminating educational materials and programs that are 

grounded in a strong science base.

In 2004, the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children 

and Adolescents was published as a supplement to Pediatrics; the Institute’s version of the report, along with a 

Pediatric Hypertension Clinical Reference Tool for Palm 

OS and Pocket PC, which was designed to support the 

use of the guidelines, can be downloaded from the 

NHLBI Web site. 

The NHBPEP launched its “Prevent and Control High 

Blood Pressure: Mission Possible” campaign in 2005 to 

help health care and other organizations nationwide promote high blood pressure prevention and control more 

aggressively among their constituents and to enlist support from organizations that have not traditionally been 

involved with high blood pressure activities. A Web site 

was designed to include ideas and materials for activities 

that business organizations, schools, community and 

civic organizations, and provider groups can use to 

become involved.

The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) 

was initiated in 1985 to educate health professionals and 

the public about high blood cholesterol as a risk factor 

for CHD and about the benefits of lowering cholesterol 

levels to reduce illness and death from CHD. Its goal is 

to reduce the prevalence of elevated blood cholesterol in 

the United States, and thereby contribute to reducing 

CHD morbidity and mortality.

In 2005, the NCEP, along with the NHLBI Obesity 

Education Initiative, developed Your Guide to Lowering 

Your Cholesterol With TLC, which provides advice on 

implementing therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC)—diet, 

physical activity, and weight management—to control 

elevated blood LDL cholesterol levels, as well as the 

metabolic syndrome. It published a joint statement with 

the American Heart Association on the diagnosis and 

management of the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that is associated with obesity, 

and developed a paper, Trends in Serum Lipids and 

Lipoproteins of Adults: National Health and Nutrition 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

22

Examination Surveys, 1960–2002, with the National 

Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The paper shows 

that total and LDL cholesterol levels have continued to 

decline in the older age groups, and the percent of U.S. 

adults with high total cholesterol levels (240 mg/dL or 

above) has fallen to 17 percent, thereby meeting one of 

the Healthy People 2010 objectives for the Nation.

The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) was initiated in 1989 to raise awareness 

of asthma as a serious, chronic disease; to promote more 

effective management of asthma through professional, 

patient, and public education; and to provide up-to-date 

information on asthma care. The Program works with 

schools, health care professionals, and patients to 

improve asthma care, prevent disruptions of daily routine, limit hospitalizations, and reduce deaths caused by 

uncontrolled asthma. Special attention is directed to 

minority, low-income, and underserved populations who 

are at increased risk.

The NAEPP employs a number of outreach strategies. 

Major emphasis is placed on developing, disseminating, 

and implementing national guidelines on the diagnosis 

and management of asthma. In 2005, the NAEPP issued 

new treatment guidelines for managing asthma during 

pregnancy that emphasize the importance of controlling 

asthma during pregnancy not only for the well-being of 

the mother, but also for the healthy development of the 

fetus. 

The National Heart Attack Alert Program (NHAAP) 

was initiated in June 1991 to reduce morbidity and mortality from heart attack, including out-of-hospital cardiac 

arrest, through education of health care providers, 

patients, and the public, about the importance of rapid 

identification and treatment of individuals with heart 

attack symptoms. In 1997, the Program’s scope was 

broadened to include early identification and treatment 

of individuals with unstable angina, thereby including 

the full spectrum of acute coronary syndromes.

In 2005, the NHAAP continued to promote the “Act in 

Time to Heart Attack Signs,” a campaign that creates 

national and local partnerships to urge physicians and 

allied health care providers to educate their patients 

about heart attack risk, warning signs, and steps to 

ensure early treatment and survival. Educational materials for the public and for health care providers are available from the NHLBI Web site.

The NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative (OEI) was 

launched in January 1991 to inform the public and health 

professionals about the health risks associated with overweight and obesity. Obesity is not only an independent 

risk factor for CVD, but also a contributor to high blood 

pressure, type 2 diabetes, and high blood cholesterol and 

is related to sleep apnea.

The NHLBI OEI employs a comprehensive strategy to 

mobilize, educate, and coordinate groups interested in 

preventing and treating overweight and obesity. One of 

the major NHLBI OEI prevention activities, which was 

conducted in collaboration with the National Recreation 

and Park Association, is “Hearts N’ Parks,” a national 

community-based program located in 50 at-risk communities in 11 magnet center States. In 2005, the magnet 

centers completed their third year of programs, which 

included encouraging Americans of all ages to seek a 

healthy weight, follow a heart healthy eating plan, and 

engage in regular physical activity while participating in 

local park and recreation department programs. The 

“Hearts N’ Parks” Web site includes programmatic 

details for each magnet center for each of the 3 years. 

In 2005, the NHLBI, in collaboration with the 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney 

Diseases (NIDDK), the National Institute of Child 

Health and Human Development (NICHD), and the NCI, 

launched “We Can!” (Ways To Enhance Children’s 

Activity and Nutrition), a national education program to 

prevent overweight and obesity among youth, ages 8 to 

13. Major elements of the program include partnerships 

and community national media, and consumer outreach. 

Resources are available for parents, caregivers, youth, 

and community groups to encourage healthy eating, 

increase physical activity, and reduce sedentary time at 

http://wecan.nhlbi.nih.gov.

Since the launch of The Heart Truth campaign in 

2002, the NHLBI has formed an extensive cadre of community, media, and corporate partners who are supporting the Institute’s goal of reaching women with critical 

messages about heart health and promoting the Red 

Dress as the national symbol for women and heart disease awareness. Outreach to women at the community 

level has been enhanced by The Heart Truth Road Show, 

Single City Program, and events held by First Lady 

Laura Bush, the campaign’s national ambassador. A key 

focus for the campaign is to expand outreach to women 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

23

of color through the Communities of Color Partnership 

effort implemented in 2005.

Over the past few years, the NHLBI has been working 

with the vascular community to identify educational 

needs related to PAD. In 2005, the Institute awarded a 

3-year contract to plan, develop, and implement an 

NHLBI PAD awareness campaign for use by professional and public interest groups. The campaign is being 

designed to raise awareness of the signs and symptoms 

of PAD, encourage those at risk to seek diagnosis and 

treatment, and educate the public about PAD risk factors. 

The NHLBI has collaborated closely with the PAD Coalition in planning campaign strategies and will continue 

to involve the Coalition and other interested organizations in upcoming campaign activities.

COPD is a new area of education emphasis for the 

NHLBI. The Institute’s 2004 strategy development 

workshop on COPD yielded recommendations for a 

national education initiative. In 2005, a 3-year contract 

was awarded for planning, developing, implementing, 

and evaluating a COPD awareness and education campaign.

Educational activities associated with von Willebrand 

disease were initiated in 2004. In response to a congressional recommendation, the NHLBI convened an expert 

panel to review the current science on the diagnosis and 

treatment of von Willebrand disease and to formulate 

clinical guidelines. Completion of the guidelines and 

their dissemination are scheduled for 2006.

The OPEC also is responsible for coordinating the 

Institute’s nutrition program. The NHLBI Nutrition 

Coordinator serves as a major source of nutrition policy 

and nutrition science knowledge and advises the NHLBI 

Director on nutrition program policies and priorities. 

The Coordinator also is the Institute’s representative to 

other relevant components of the NIH, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), and other 

components of the Federal Government on nutrition 

research and policy. Major activities include contributing to the revision of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which was released jointly by the DHHS and the 

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 2005; joining in the DHHS/USDA dialogue on revising the Food 

Guide Pyramid; and working with the U.S. Food and 

Drug Administration on changes to consumer education 

efforts related to food labels.

As a key part of its response to the Healthy People 

2010 Objectives for the Nation, the NHLBI initiated a 

new funding mechanism in 2001 to establish CVD educational outreach programs in high-risk communities. 

The program—Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization 

Centers (EDUCs)—is a partnership between the NHLBI 

and local communities to eliminate cardiovascular health 

disparities and improve the health of underserved populations. Since its inception, two sets of six EDUCs have 

been awarded that served more than 31 communities in 

10 States. The first set of EDUCs ended in 2004; the 

second set was completed in December 2005. The lessons learned from the EDUCs will provide valuable 

information to other communities interested in conducting CVD outreach and education activities.

Since the NHLBI planning workshop, “Education 

Strategy Development Workshop—Public Health in 

Public Housing: Improving Health, Changing Lives,” 

conducted in 2004, the NHLBI has held exploratory discussions with potential partners to implement clinical 

and public health activities in public housing communities. The goal of the program is to improve prevention 

and control of CVD risk factors and enhance adoption of 

healthy lifestyle behaviors by public housing residents. 

The Institute’s “Salud para su Corazón” (Health for 

Your Heart) Initiative, a community-based heart health 

program for Latinos, has expanded across the United 

States to include communities along the Texas–Mexico 

border and along the southern border areas of California 

and New Mexico. Trained local lay health workers (promotores de salud), applying the values and culture of the 

community, teach individual and patients how to reduce 

their risk of developing CVD. As advocates for change, 

lay health workers have increased the number of Latinos 

in their communities who are engaging in heart healthy 

behaviors. 

The NHLBI and the Indian Health Service have 

worked together since 2000 to bring heart health to 

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. Initial steps were focused on identifying the unique 

needs and issues that affect tribal communities. The 

NHLBI developed a training manual, Honoring the Gift 

of Heart Health, for community instructors to enable 

them to provide a culturally sensitive course on heart 

health. In 2003, a national workshop to train the trainers 

was held for key tribal leaders and health practitioners in 

AI/AN communities nationwide. It produced instructors 

equipped to conduct future training sessions. In 2005, 

three regional skills-building training workshops were 

completed. The regional workshops continue to produce 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

24

local community skills-building workshops, to build 

local tribal capacity and to extend the reach to include 

other nearby tribes.

The NHLBI’s Asian American and Pacific Islander 

Cardiovascular Health Outreach effort focuses on four 

underserved groups with high blood pressure, obesity, 

physical inactivity, and smoking. Individuals of Philippine, Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Native Hawaiian heritage comprise the current targeted audiences. To date, 

educational materials on cardiovascular health have been 

developed for the Filipino and Vietnamese communities. 

A school-based intergenerational cardiovascular health 

curriculum to educate Native Hawaiian elementary 

school children is being developed.

The NHLBI initiated the “Keep the Beat” program in 

January 2004 to promote heart healthy behaviors for its 

employees and to encourage them to become more physically active. A key component of the program was the 

introduction of on site “Take 10” rooms where employees can go to use 10–15 minutes of their daily break time 

to participate in a low-impact physical activity of their 

choice. 

International Activities

The Institute is a world leader in research and policy 

development in heart, lung, and blood diseases, sleep 

disorders, and blood resources. Through its international 

programs, the NHLBI contributes to, and benefits from, 

the rapidly developing global knowledge base in medicine, science, and technology related to its mission. 

The Institute’s international activities are conducted 

through multiple mechanisms, including government-togovernment and institute-to-institute agreements; joint 

research projects; joint symposia and workshops; and 

joint documents, publications, grants, contracts, and fellowships. In addition, the Institute is providing training 

in its laboratories to international research fellows from 

approximately 30 countries. Canada, India, Italy, Japan, 

Korea, Poland, Russia, and Vietnam are among the countries that have maintained collaborative working relationships with the NHLBI. The partnerships extend the 

benefits of the Institute’s prevention and treatment programs to other countries.

The Director and senior NHLBI staff serve as 

consultants to, and partners with, the Pan American 

Health Organization (PAHO) and the World Health 

Organization (WHO). Last year, in recognition of its 

leadership and contributions to global and international 

health, the NHLBI was redesignated as a WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Cardiovascular Diseases in the Americas. Through its activities as a 

PAHO/WHO collaborating center, the Institute is 

addressing the pandemic of CVD in North, Central, and 

South America and the Caribbean. In 2004, it sponsored 

a workshop, “Charting New Directions for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control in the Americas,” 

that was followed up by a symposium, “Lay Health 

Workers/Promotores de Salud: Mobilizing Communities, 

to Improve Heart Health in the Americas,” in 2005.

Plans for continued regional collaboration include 

implementing performance-based demonstration 

projects that will conduct and evaluate promising 

community-based interventions to prevent heart disease 

in low-resource countries in the Americas. The projects 

include collaboration with PAHO’s CARMEN Network 

and NHLBI programs such as “Salud para su Corazón” 

and EDUCs to establish a repository of tools and methodologies that can be disseminated broadly among interested partners in the region.

The NHLBI and the Institute of Circulatory and Respiratory Health, Canadian Institutes of Health Research 

(CIHR), continue their collaborative effort in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and blood diseases research that began 

in 2003. Joint programs were implemented in the following areas: 

• Clinical Research Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcomes

• Cellular and Molecular Imaging of the 

Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Hematopoietic 

Systems

• Inflammation and Thrombosis. 

The NHLBI supports efforts to encourage collaboration and new research endeavors for rare diseases. In the 

area of blood diseases, the Institute supports a collaborative effort with Ghana to compare the differences in epidemiology and etiology of infections in SCD between 

Africa and the United States. In July 2005, the Sickle 

Cell Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

and the Sickle Cell Foundation of Ghana held the 5th 

International African Symposium on Sickle Cell Disease, in Accra, Ghana. The Institute also supports clinical studies on Cooley’s anemia in the United Kingdom 

and has initiated research into the genetics and basic 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

25

mechanisms of Diamond-Blackfan anemia and other rare 

inherited bone marrow failure syndromes with Australia, 

Canada, and Sweden. 

A working group of national and international experts 

in Transfusion Medicine developed the NHLBI Strategic 

Plan on Global Blood Safety in 2004. The working 

group identified research areas to strengthen national 

blood programs and transfusion services in developing 

countries using current grant mechanisms. It provided 

recommendations to the NHLBI on effective interventions to prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS and other 

blood-borne infections through blood products.

The Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS) 

added an international component to conduct epidemiologic, laboratory, and survey research on blood donors in 

selected developing countries in regions seriously 

affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic such as Africa, 

Asia, and South America to increase the safety and availability of blood for transfusion. 

Understanding malarial anemia is a primary concern 

in many parts of the world, especially in sub-Sahara 

Africa, where severe anemia is one of the deadliest complications in children infected with malaria. The Institute is supporting research in Kenya to identify the 

pathogenesis of severe malarial anemia in children. 

All of these activities strengthen the Institute’s international partnerships and coalitions and extend the benefits of the Institute’s research, prevention, and treatment 

programs to other countries.

NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

27

June 16, 1948. President Harry S Truman signs 

the National Heart Act, creating the NHI in the Public Health Service (PHS), with the National Advisory Heart Council as its advisory body.

July 7, 1948. Dr. Paul Dudley White is selected 

to be “Executive Director of the National Advisory 

Heart Council and Chief Medical Advisor to the 

National Heart Institute” under section 4b of the 

National Heart Act.

August 1, 1948. The NHI is established as one 

of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) by Surgeon General Leonard A. Scheele. As legislated in 

the National Heart Act, the NHI assumes responsibility for heart research, training, and administration. 

Intramural research projects in CVD and gerontology conducted elsewhere in the NIH are transferred 

to the NHI. The Director of the NHI assumes all 

leadership for the total PHS heart program. Dr. Cassius J. Van Slyke is appointed as the first Director of 

the NHI.

August 29, 1948. Surgeon General Scheele 

announces the membership of the first National 

Advisory Heart Council. Varying terms of membership for the 16-member Council commence September 1.

September 8, 1948. The National Advisory 

Heart Council holds its first meeting.

January 1949. Cooperative Research Units are 

established at four institutions: the University of 

California, the University of Minnesota, Tulane 

University, and Massachusetts General Hospital. 

Pending completion of the NHI's own research 

organization and facilities, the Units are jointly 

financed by the NIH and the institutions.

July 1, 1949. The NHI Intramural Research Program is established and organized on three general 

research levels consisting of three laboratory sections, five laboratory-clinical sections, and four 

clinical sections. The Heart Disease Epidemiology 

Study at Framingham, Massachusetts, is transferred 

from the Bureau of State Services, PHS, to the NHI.

January 18–20, 1950. The NHI and the American Heart Association jointly sponsor the first 

National Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases to 

summarize current knowledge and to make recommendations concerning further progress against 

heart and blood vessel diseases.

December 1, 1952. Dr. James Watt is appointed 

Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Van Slyke, who 

is appointed Associate Director of the NIH.

July 6, 1953. The Clinical Center admits its first 

patient for heart disease research.

July 1, 1957. The first members of the NHI 

Board of Scientific Counselors begin their terms. 

The Board was established in 1956 “to provide 

advice on matters of general policy, particularly 

from a long-range viewpoint, as they relate to the 

intramural research program.”

February 19, 1959. The American Heart 

Association and the NHI present a report to the 

Nation—A Decade of Progress Against 

Cardiovascular Disease.

April 21, 1961. The President’s Conference on 

Heart Disease and Cancer, whose participants on 

March 15 were requested by President John F. 

Kennedy to assist “in charting the Government’s 

further role in a national attack on these diseases,” 

convenes at the White House and submits its report.

September 11, 1961. Dr. Ralph E. Knutti is 

appointed Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Watt, 

who becomes head of international activities for the 

PHS.

December 30, 1963. February is designated as 

“American Heart Month” by a unanimous joint resolution of Congress with approval from President 

Lyndon B. Johnson.

November 22–24, 1964. The Second National 

Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases, cosponsored by the American Heart Association, the NHI, 

and the Heart Disease Control Program of the PHS, 

is held to evaluate progress since the 1950 Conference and to assess needs and goals for continued and 

accelerated growth against heart and blood vessel 

diseases.

December 9, 1964. The President’s Commission 

on Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke, appointed by 

President Johnson on March 7, 1964, submits its 

report to “recommend steps that can be taken to 

reduce the burden and incidence of these diseases.”

3. Important Events
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

28

August 1, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart assumes the 

Directorship of the NHI upon Dr. Knutti’s retirement.

September 24, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart, NHI 

Director, is named Surgeon General of the PHS.

October 6, 1965. In FY 1966 Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 89–199) allocates funds to implement 

the recommendations of the President's Commission on 

Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke that are within existing legislative authorities. The NHI is given $5.05 million for new clinical training programs, additional 

graduate training grants, cardiovascular clinical research 

centers on cerebrovascular disease and thrombotic and 

hemorrhagic disorders, and planning grants for future 

specialized cardiovascular centers.

March 8, 1966. Dr. Robert P. Grant succeeds 

Dr. Stewart as Director of the NHI. Dr. Grant serves 

until his death on August 15, 1966.

November 6, 1966. Dr. Donald S. Fredrickson is 

appointed Director of the NHI.

March 15, 1968. Dr. Theodore Cooper succeeds 

Dr. Fredrickson as Director of the NHI, the latter electing 

to return to research activities with the Institute.

October 16, 1968. Dr. Marshall W. Nirenberg is 

awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 

discovering the key to deciphering the genetic code. 

Dr. Nirenberg, chief of the NHI Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, is the first Nobel Laureate at the NIH and 

the first Federal employee to receive a Nobel Prize.

October 26, 1968. The NHI receives the National 

Hemophilia Foundation’s Research and Scientific 

Achievement Award for its “medical leadership . . . , 

tremendous stimulation and support of research activities 

directly related to the study and treatment of hemophilia.”

November 14, 1968. The 20th anniversary of the 

NHI is commemorated at the White House under the 

auspices of President Johnson and other distinguished 

guests.

August 12, 1969. A major NHI reorganization plan 

creates five program branches along disease category 

lines in extramural programs (arteriosclerotic disease, 

cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, hypertension and 

kidney diseases, and thrombotic and hemorrhagic diseases); a Therapeutic Evaluations Branch and an Epidemiology Branch under the Associate Director for 

Clinical Applications; and three offices in the Office of 

the Director (heart information, program planning, and 

administrative management).

November 10, 1969. The NHI is redesignated by the 

Secretary, Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), as the 

National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), reflecting a 

broadening scope of its functions.

February 18, 1971. President Richard M. Nixon’s 

Health Message to Congress identifies sickle cell anemia 

as a high-priority disease and calls for increased Federal 

expenditures. The Assistant Secretary for Health and 

Scientific Affairs, HEW, is assigned lead-agency responsibility for coordination of the National Sickle Cell Disease Program at the NIH and NHLI.

June 1971. The Task Force on Arteriosclerosis, 

convened by Dr. Cooper, presents its report. Volume I 

addresses general aspects of the problem and presents the 

major conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical 

language. Volume II contains technical information on 

the state of knowledge and conclusions and recommendations in each of the following areas: atherogenesis, 

presymptomatic atherosclerosis, overt atherosclerosis, 

and rehabilitation.

May 16, 1972. The National Sickle Cell Anemia 

Control Act (P.L. 92–294) provides for a national 

diagnosis, control, treatment, and research program. 

The Act does not mention the NHLI but has special 

pertinence because the Institute has been designated to 

coordinate the National Sickle Cell Disease Program.

June 12, 1972. Elliot Richardson, Secretary, HEW, 

approves a nationwide program for high blood pressure 

information and education and appoints two committees 

to implement the program: the Hypertension Information and Education Advisory Committee, chaired by the 

Director, NIH, and the Interagency Working Group, 

chaired by the Director, NHLI. A High Blood Pressure 

Information Center is established within the NHLI 

Office of Information to collect and disseminate public 

and professional information about the disease.

July 1972. The NHLI launches its NHBPEP, a program of patient and professional education that has as its 

goal to reduce death and disability related to high blood 

pressure.

July 14, 1972. Secretary Richardson approves 

reorganization of the NHLI, with the Institute elevated

to Bureau status within the NIH and comprising seven 

division-level components: Office of the Director, 

DHVD, DLD, DBDR, DIR, Division of Technological 

Applications, and DEA. 

September 19, 1972. The National Heart, Blood 

Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act of 1972 (P.L. 92–423) 

expands the authority of the Institute to advance the 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

29

national attack on the diseases within its mandate. The 

act calls for intensified and coordinated Institute activities to be planned by the Director and reviewed by the 

National Heart and Lung Advisory Council.

July 24, 1973. The first Five-Year Plan for the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program 

is transmitted to the President and to Congress.

December 17, 1973. The National Heart and Lung 

Advisory Council completes its First Annual Report on 

the National Program.

February 13, 1974. The Director of the NHLI forwards his First Annual Report on the National Program

to the President for transmittal to Congress.

April 5, 1974. The Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HEW, authorizes release of the Report to the President 

by the President’s Advisory Panel on Heart Disease. The 

report of the 20-member panel, chaired by Dr. John S. 

Millis, includes a survey of the problem of heart and 

blood vessel disorders and panel recommendations to 

reduce illness and death from them.

August 2, 1974. The Secretary, HEW, approves regulations governing the establishment, support, and operation of National Research and Demonstration Centers for 

heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases, which 

implement section 415(b) of the PHS Act, as amended 

by the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood 

Act of 1972: (1) to carry out basic and clinical research 

on heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; (2) to 

provide demonstrations of advanced methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment; and (3) to supply a training source for scientists and physicians concerned with 

the diseases.

September 16, 1975. Dr. Robert I. Levy is appointed 

Director of the NHLI, succeeding Dr. Theodore Cooper, 

who was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary for 

Health, HEW, on April 19, 1974.

June 25, 1976. Legislation amending the Public 

Health Service Act (P.L. 94–278) changes the name of 

the NHLI to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and provides for an expansion in bloodrelated activities within the Institute and throughout the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program. 

August 1, 1977. The Biomedical Research Extension Act of 1977 (P.L. 95–83) reauthorizes the programs 

of the NHLBI, with continued emphasis on both the 

national program and related prevention and dissemination activities.

February 1978. The NHLBI and the American 

Heart Association jointly celebrate their 30th anniversaries.

September 1979. The Task Force on Hypertension, 

established in September 1975 to assess the state of 

hypertension research, completes its in-depth survey and 

recommendations for improved prevention, treatment, 

and control in 14 major areas. The recommendations are 

intended to guide the NHLBI in its future efforts.

November 1979. The results of the Hypertension 

Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP), a major clinical trial started in 1971, provide evidence that tens of 

thousands of lives are being saved through treatment of 

mild hypertension and that perhaps thousands more 

could be saved annually if all people with mild hypertension were under treatment.

November 21, 1980. The Albert Lasker Special 

Public Health Award is presented to the NHLBI for its 

HDFP, “which stands alone among clinical studies in its 

profound potential benefit to millions of people.”

December 17, 1980. The Health Programs Extension 

Act of 1980 (P.L. 96–538) reauthorizes the NHLBI, with 

continued emphasis on both the national program and 

related prevention programs.

September 8, 1981. The Working Group on Arteriosclerosis, convened in 1978 to assess present understanding, highlight unresolved problems, and emphasize 

opportunities for future research in arteriosclerosis, completes its report. Volume I presents conclusions and 

recommendations in nontechnical language. Volume II 

provides an in-depth substantive basis for the conclusions and recommendations contained in Volume I.

October 2, 1981. The Beta-Blocker Heart Attack 

Trial (BHAT) demonstrates benefits to those in the trial 

who received the drug propranolol compared with the 

control group.

July 6, 1982. Dr. Claude Lenfant is appointed Director of the NHLBI. He succeeds Dr. Levy.

September 1982. The results of the Multiple Risk 

Factor Intervention Trial are released. They support 

measures to reduce cigarette smoking and to lower blood 

cholesterol to prevent CHD mortality but raise questions 

about optimal treatment of mild hypertension.

October 26, 1983. The Coronary Artery Surgery 

Study (CASS) results are released. They demonstrate 

that mildly symptomatic patients with coronary artery 

disease can safely defer coronary artery bypass surgery 

until symptoms worsen.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

30

January 12, 1984. The results of the Lipid Research 

Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT) 

are released. They establish conclusively that reducing 

total blood cholesterol reduces the risk of CHD in men at 

increased risk because of elevated cholesterol levels. 

Each 1 percent decrease in cholesterol can be expected to 

reduce heart attack risk by 2 percent.

April–September 1984. The Tenth Report of the 

Director, NHLBI, commemorates the 10th anniversary of 

the passage of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, 

and Blood Act. The five-volume publication reviews 

10 years of research progress and presents a 5-year 

research plan for the national program.

April 1984. The DECA is created. It provides the 

Institute with a single focus on clinical trials; prevention, 

demonstration, and education programs; behavioral medicine; nutrition; epidemiology; and biometry. It also provides new opportunities to examine the interrelationships 

of cardiovascular, respiratory, and blood diseases.

November 1984. An NHLBI–NIH Clinical Center 

interagency agreement for studies on the transmission of 

HIV from humans to chimpanzees leads to the first 

definitive evidence that the transmission is by blood 

transfusion.

April 1985. Results of Phase I of the Thrombolysis 

in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial comparing streptokinase (SK) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) are published. The new thrombolytic agent 

recombinant t-PA is approximately twice as effective as 

SK in opening thrombosed coronary arteries.

October 1985. The NHLBI Smoking Education Program is initiated to increase health care provider awareness about clinical opportunities for smoking cessation 

programs, techniques for use within health care settings, 

and resources for use within communities to expand and 

reinforce such efforts.

October 14, 1985. NHLBI-supported researchers, 

Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein are awarded 

the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism.

November 1985. The NHLBI inaugurates the NCEP 

to increase awareness among health professionals and 

the public that elevated blood cholesterol is a cause of 

CHD and that reducing elevated blood cholesterol levels 

will contribute to the reduction of CHD.

June 1986. Results of the Prophylactic Penicillin 

Trial demonstrate the efficacy of prophylactic penicillin 

therapy in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with pneumococcal infections in children with SCD.

September 18, 1986. The NHLBI sponsors events 

on the NIH campus in conjunction with the meeting of 

the X World Congress of Cardiology in Washington, DC. 

Activities include a special exhibit at the National 

Library of Medicine entitled “American Contributions to 

Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery” and two symposia—“New Dimensions in Cardiovascular Disease 

Research” and “Cardiovascular Nursing and Nursing 

Research.”

December 17, 1986. The citizens of Framingham, 

Massachusetts, are presented a tribute by the Assistant 

Secretary, HHS, for their participation in the Framingham Heart Study over the past 40 years.

September 1987. The NHLBI commemorates the 

centennial of the NIH and the 40th anniversary of the 

Institute’s inception. Two publications prepared for the 

Institute's anniversary, Forty Years of Achievement in 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Research and A Salute to the 

Past: A History of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute, document significant Institute contributions to 

research and summarize recollections about the Institute’s 40-year history.

October 1987. The National Blood Resource Education Program is established to ensure an adequate supply 

of safe blood and blood components to meet the Nation’s 

needs and to ensure that blood and blood components are 

transfused only when therapeutically appropriate.

April 1988. The NHLBI initiates its Minority 

Research Supplements program to provide supplemental 

funds to ongoing research grants for support of minority 

investigators added to research teams.

September 1988. AIDS research is added to the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases 

and Blood Resources Program. It is the first area of 

research to be added since the Program was established 

in 1973.

September 1988. The NHLBI funds the first of its 

new Programs of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 

designed to foster the study of the organization, modification, and expression of the genome in areas of importance to the Institute and to encourage investigators to 

become skilled in the experimental strategies and techniques of modern molecular biology. 

September 1988. The Strong Heart Study is initiated. It focuses on CVD morbidity and mortality rates 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

31

and distribution of CVD risk factors in three geographically diverse American Indian groups. 

October 1988. The National Marrow Donor Program is transferred from the Department of the Navy to 

the NHLBI. The Program, which serves as a focal point 

for bone marrow research, includes a national registry of 

volunteers who have offered to donate marrow for transplant to patients not having suitably matched relatives.

March 1989. The NHLBI initiates a National 

Asthma Education Program to raise awareness of asthma 

as a serious chronic disease and to promote more effective management of asthma through patient and professional education. 

May 1989. The NHLBI Minority Access to Research 

Careers (MARC) Summer Research Training Program is 

initiated to provide an opportunity for MARC Honors 

Scholars to work with researchers in the NHLBI intramural laboratories.

September 14, 1990. The first human gene therapy 

protocol in history is undertaken at the NIH. A team of 

scientists, led by W. French Anderson, NHLBI, and 

R. Michael Blaese, NCI, insert a normal gene into a 

patient's cells to compensate for a defective gene that left 

the patient's cells unable to produce an enzyme essential 

to the functioning of the body’s immune system.

January 1991. The NHLBI OEI begins. Its objective is to make a concerted effort to educate the public 

and health professionals about obesity as an independent 

risk factor for CVD and its relationship to other risk factors, such as high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol.

February 1991. The expert panel of the National 

Asthma Education Program releases its report, Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, to educate physicians and other health care providers in asthma 

management.

April 8–10, 1991. The First National Conference on 

Cholesterol and Blood Pressure Control is attended by 

more than 1,800 health professionals.

May 1991. The Task Force on Hypertension, established in November 1989 to assess the state of hypertension research and to develop a plan for future NHLBI 

funding, presents its conclusions. The report outlines a 

set of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive 

plan for support over the next several years.

June 11, 1991. The NHLBI initiates a NHAAP to 

reduce premature morbidity and mortality from acute 

myocardial infarction (AMI) and sudden death. The 

Program emphasizes rapid disease identification and 

treatment.

July 1991. Results of the Systolic Hypertension in 

the Elderly Program (SHEP) demonstrate that low-dose 

pharmacologic therapy of isolated systolic hypertension 

in those older than 60 years of age significantly reduces 

stroke and MI.

August 1991. Results of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) are released. They demonstrate that use of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 

(ACE) inhibitor enalapril causes a significant reduction 

in mortality and hospitalization for congestive heart failure in patients with symptomatic heart failure.

August 1991. The NHLBI sponsors the first national 

workshop, “Physical Activity and Cardiovascular 

Health: Special Emphasis on Women and Youth,” to 

assess the current knowledge in the field and to develop 

scientific priorities and plans for support. Recommendations from the Working Groups are published in the supplemental issue of Medicine and Science in Sports and 

Exercise.

March 1992. The International Consensus Report 

on Diagnosis and Management of Asthma is released. It 

is to be used by asthma specialists and medical opinion 

leaders to provide a framework for discussion of asthma 

management pertinent to their respective countries.

March 1992. Results of the Trials of Hypertension 

Prevention Phase I are published. They demonstrate that 

both weight loss and reduction of dietary salt reduce blood 

pressure in adults with high-normal diastolic blood pressure and may reduce the incidence of primary hypertension.

June 26–27, 1992. The Fourth National Minority 

Forum on Cardiovascular Health, Pulmonary Disorders, 

and Blood Resources is attended by nearly 600 individuals.

October 11–13, 1992. The First National Conference 

on Asthma Management is attended by more than 900 

individuals.

October 30, 1992. A celebration of the 20th anniversary of the NHBPEP is held in conjunction with the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee meeting. The Fifth 

Report of the Joint National Committee on the Detection, 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

(JNC V) and the NHBPEP Working Group Report on the 

Primary Prevention of Hypertension are released.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

32

June 10, 1993. The NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 

(P.L. 103–43) establishes the NCDSR within the NHLBI.

June 15, 1993. The Second Report of the Expert 

Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High 

Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP II) is released to the 

public at a press conference held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting.

January 30, 1995. Results of the Multicenter Study 

of Hydroxyurea (MSH) are released through a clinical 

alert. They demonstrate that hydroxyurea reduced the 

number of painful episodes by 50 percent in severely 

affected adults with SCD. This is the first effective treatment for adult patients with this disorder.

September 1995. The NHLBI funds a new Program 

of Specialized Centers of Research in Hematopoietic 

Stem Cell Biology, which is designed to advance our 

knowledge of stem cell biology and enhance our ability 

to achieve successful stem cell therapy to cure genetic 

and acquired diseases.

September 21, 1995. Results of the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation are released 

through a clinical alert. They demonstrate that patients 

on drug treatment for diabetes who had blockages in two 

or more coronary arteries and were treated with coronary 

artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery had, at 5 years, a 

death rate markedly lower than that of similar patients 

treated with angioplasty. The clinical alert recommends 

CABG over standard angioplasty for patients on drug 

therapy for diabetes who have multiple coronary blockages and are first-time candidates for either procedure.

November 5–6, 1995. The first Conference on 

Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Cardiovascular Health 

and Disease is held to determine future opportunities and 

needs for research on SES factors and their relationships 

with cardiovascular health and disease.

December 4–5, 1995. A celebration of the 10th anniversary of the NCEP is held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting. Results of the 

1995 Cholesterol Awareness Surveys of physicians and 

the public are released.

May 1996. The NHLBI announces results from 

the Framingham Heart Study that conclude earlier and 

more aggressive treatment of hypertension is vital to preventing congestive heart failure. The Treatment of Mild 

Hypertension Study (TOMHS) demonstrates that lifestyle changes, such as weight loss, a healthy eating plan, 

and physical activity, are crucial for reducing blood lipids in those treated for Stage I hypertension.

September 1996. Findings from the Asthma Clinical 

Research Network (ACRN) show that for people with 

asthma, taking an inhaled beta-agonist at regularly 

scheduled times is safe but provides no greater benefit 

than taking the medication only when asthma symptoms 

occur. The recommendation to physicians who treat 

patients with mild asthma is to prescribe inhaled betaagonists only on an as-needed basis.

November 13, 1996. The NHLBI releases findings 

from two studies, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial and Trial of Nonpharmacologic 

Intervention in the Elderly (TONE). The DASH Trial 

demonstrates that a diet low in fat and high in vegetables, 

fruits, fiber, and low-fat dairy products significantly and 

quickly lowers blood pressure. The TONE shows that 

weight loss and reduction of dietary sodium safely 

reduce the need for antihypertensive medication in 

older patients while keeping their blood pressure under 

control.

January 1997. Definitive results from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth 

(PDAY) program are published. They show that atherosclerosis develops before age 20 and that the risk factors 

low HDL cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, and cigarette smoking affect the progression of atherosclerosis 

equally in women and men, regardless of race.

February 24, 1997. The NAEPP releases the Expert 

Panel Report 2, Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma to the public at a press conference 

held in conjunction with a meeting of the American 

Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology in San 

Francisco.

May 8, 1997. Results of the Antiarrhythmic Versus 

Implantable Defibrillator (AVID) clinical trial are presented. They show that an implantable cardiac defibrillator reduces mortality compared to pharmacologic 

therapy in patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death.

September 1997. The Stroke Prevention Trial in 

Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) is terminated early because 

prophylactic transfusion resulted in a 90 percent relative 

decrease in the stroke rate among children 2 to 16 years 

old.

September 1997. The Institute’s National Sickle 

Cell Disease Program celebrates its 25th anniversary.

October 1997. The NHLBI commemorates the 50th 

anniversary of the Institute's inception. A publication 

prepared for the Institute's anniversary, Vital Signs: 

Discoveries in diseases of the heart, lungs, and blood 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

33

documents the remarkable research advances of the past 

50 years.

October 1, 1997. The WHI, initiated in 1991, is 

transferred to the NHLBI.

November 6, 1997. The Sixth Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) 

is released at a press conference held in conjunction with 

the 25th anniversary meeting and celebration of the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee.

December 1997. Findings from the Trial to Reduce 

Alloimmunization to Platelets (TRAP) demonstrate that 

leucocyte reduction by filtration or ultraviolet B irradiation of platelets—both methods are equally effective—

decreases development of lymphocytotoxic antibodies 

and alloimmune platelet refractoriness.

February 1998. The Task Force on Behavioral 

Research in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Health and 

Disease, established in November 1995 to develop a plan 

for future NHLBI biobehavioral research in cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders, presents 

its recommendations. The report outlines a set of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive plan for 

support over the next several years.

February 19–21, 1998. The NHLBI and cosponsors—California CVD Prevention Coalition; California 

Department of Health Services; CVD Outreach, 

Resources, and Epidemiology Program; and the University of California, San Francisco—hold Cardiovascular 

Health: Coming Together for the 21st Century, A 

National Conference, in San Francisco.

March 16, 1998. A special symposium is held at the 

annual meeting of the American Academy of Asthma, 

Allergy, and Immunology to celebrate 50 years of 

NHLBI-supported science.

June 17, 1998. The NHLBI, in cooperation with the 

NIDDK, releases Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Treatment, and Evaluation of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: Evidence Report.

December 11, 1998. World Asthma Day is established on this date. The NAEPP launches the Asthma 

Management Model System, an innovative Web-based 

information management tool.

March 1999. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network Study of Ventilator Management in ARDS is stopped early so that critical care 

specialists can be alerted to the results. The study 

demonstrated that approximately 25 percent fewer deaths 

occurred among intensive care patients with ARDS 

receiving small, rather than large, breaths of air from a 

mechanical ventilator. 

March 22, 1999. The NAEPP holds its 10th anniversary meeting and celebration to recognize a decade of 

progress and a continued commitment to the future.

August 1999. Results of the Early Revascularization 

for Cardiogenic Shock are released. They show 

improved survival at 6 months in patients treated with 

balloon angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery compared with patients who receive intensive medical care to 

stabilize their condition. 

September 27–29, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors the 

National Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Meeting the Healthy People 2010 Objectives for 

Cardiovascular Health.

November 2, 1999. The NAEPP convenes a Workshop on Strengthening Asthma Coalitions: Thinking 

Globally, Acting Locally to gather information from coalition representatives on ways the NAEPP could support 

their efforts. 

November 2–3, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors a Workshop on Research Training and Career Development.

March 8, 2000. A part of the Antihypertensive and 

Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial 

(ALLHAT) is terminated early because one of the tested 

drugs, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, was found to be less 

effective than the more traditional diuretic in reducing 

some forms of CVD.

March 29, 2000. The NHLBI launches the Webbased Healthy People 2010 Gateway to provide information and resources on cardiovascular health, asthma, 

sleep, and minority populations.

April 25, 2000. The NHLBI sponsors a special 

expert meeting, Scientific Frontiers in Cardiothoracic 

Surgery, to discuss the future of cardiothoracic research. 

September 2000. NHLBI-supported investigators 

identify a gene for primary pulmonary hypertension.

October 2000. Results from the Childhood Asthma 

Management Program (CAMP) demonstrate that inhaled 

corticosteroids are safe and effective for long-term treatment of children with mild-to-moderate asthma.

January 2001. Results of the DASH-Sodium Trial 

are released. They show that dietary sodium reduction 

substantially lowers blood pressure in persons with high 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

34

blood pressure; the greatest effect occurs when sodium 

reduction is combined with the DASH diet.

February 2001. The NHLBI launches a sleep education program for children, using star sleeper Garfield the 

Cat.

February 1, 2001. The NHLBI, along with the HHS 

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the 

Office of the Surgeon General, the CDC, the National 

Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the 

American Heart Association, signs a memorandum of 

understanding to focus and coordinate their efforts to 

meet the Healthy People 2010 objectives on cardiovascular health.

March 26–27, 2001. A strategy development workshop, “Women’s Heart Health: Developing a National 

Health Education Action Plan,” is held to develop an 

agenda for the NHLBI’s new heart health education 

effort directed at women.

April 2001. The NHLBI releases the international 

guidelines for diagnosis, management, and prevention of 

COPD.

April 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators identify 

genes that regulate human cholesterol levels.

May 2001. The NHLBI releases the NCEP’s new 

Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines for the 

detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults.

June 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators find that 

human heart muscle cells regenerate after a heart attack.

July 2001. A self-contained artificial heart is 

implanted in a patient for the first time.

August 2001. Early results from the National 

Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) identify characteristics of patients at high risk for death following lung 

volume reduction surgery. 

August 2001. Scientists from the NHLBI SCOR program at Yale University identify two genes responsible 

for pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a rare Mendelian 

form of high blood pressure. These genes encode for 

protein kinases involved in a previously unknown pathway and may provide new targets for therapy.

September 10, 2001. The NHLBI, along with the 

American Heart Association and other partners, launches 

a national campaign, “Act in Time to Heart Attack 

Signs,” to increase awareness of the signs of heart attack 

and the need for a fast response.

October 2001. NHLBI-supported scientists report 

that the drug, infliximab, increases risk of TB reactivation and dissemination. The drug is used to treat refractory rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease and is 

proposed as a treatment for several chronic lung diseases. 

November 2001. Results of the Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of 

Chronic Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that using an 

implanted left ventricular assist device can prolong survival and improve quality of life in severely ill patients 

who are not candidates for heart transplantation.

December 2001. For the first time, scientists correct 

SCD in mice using gene therapy.

April 10, 2002. The World Health League (WHL) 

and the NHLBI hold an international symposium; subsequently they prepare an action plan at the WHL Council 

Conference to control hypertension and obesity.

April 11–13, 2002. The NHLBI and cosponsors—

the HHS Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the CDC, the American Heart Association, the 

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the 

Health Resources and Services Administration—hold a 

national conference, “Cardiovascular Health for All: 

Meeting the Challenge of Healthy People 2010.”

June 2002. The NAEPP issues an update of selected 

topics in the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. 

June 2002. The fourth edition of The Management 

of Sickle Cell Disease, which describes the current 

approach to counseling SCD patients and managing 

many of the medical complications of SCD, is issued to 

coincide with the 30th anniversary of the NHLBI Sickle 

Cell Program.

July 9, 2002. The NHLBI stops early the trial of the 

estrogen plus progestin component of the WHI due to 

increased breast cancer risk and lack of overall benefits. 

The multicenter trial also found increases in CHD, 

stroke, and pulmonary embolism in participants on estrogen plus progestin compared to women taking placebo 

pills.

August 2002. NHLBI-supported scientists identify a 

gene variant that is associated with arrhythmia in blacks.

December 4, 2002. Results of the Atrial Fibrillation 

Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management Trial 

(AFFIRM) indicate that rate control rather than rhythm 

control may be the preferred approach for patients with 

atrial fibrillation. The rate control strategy involves the 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

35

use of less expensive drugs and results in fewer hospitalizations.

December 17, 2002. Results of the ALLHAT, the 

largest hypertension clinical trial ever conducted, show 

that less expensive traditional diuretics are at least as 

good as newer medicines (calcium channel blocker and 

ACE inhibitors) in treating high blood pressure and preventing some forms of heart disease.

January 23, 2002. An NHLBI-supported study demonstrates that magnetic resonance imaging can be used to 

detect heart attacks faster and more accurately than traditional methods in patients who arrive at the emergency 

room with chest pain.

February 24, 2002. The Prevention of Recurrent 

Venous Thromboembolism Trial is stopped early 

because treatment with low-dose warfarin to prevent 

recurrence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary 

embolism was so beneficial. 

April 2003. Results of the MSH Patients’ Follow-up 

Study show that the adult patients who took hydroxyurea 

over a 9-year period experienced a 40 percent reduction 

in deaths. Survival was related to fetal hemoglobin levels and frequency of vaso-occlusive events. 

April 23, 2003. Results of the PREMIER trial of 

behavioral lifestyle interventions for blood pressure control show that individuals with prehypertension or 

stage 1 hypertension can lower their blood pressure by 

making multiple lifestyle changes. 

May 14, 2003. The Seventh Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VII)

is released. 

May 22, 2003. The NETT finds that lung volume 

reduction surgery (LVRS) benefits emphysema patients 

with certain clinical characteristics. The findings will be 

useful in the determination of Medicare coverage policy. 

July 2003. The NHLBI and Gen-Probe Corporation 

succeed in developing a test to screen donated blood for 

the West Nile Virus. 

August 2003. The NHLBI establishes a partnership 

with the CIHR to advance research on cardiovascular, 

respiratory, and blood diseases. 

November 2003. The Public Access Defibrillation 

Trial demonstrates that use of an automated external 

defibrillator and CPR by trained community volunteers 

can increase survival for victims of sudden cardiac 

arrest. 

March 2004. The NIH stops the estrogen-alone 

component of the WHI early due to the increased risk 

of stroke and deep vein thrombosis. Estrogen does 

not appear to affect heart disease. 

March 2004. Preliminary results of the Sudden 

Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that 

an implantable cardiac defibrillator can reduce death 

in heart failure patients. 

July 2004. The NHLBI releases an update to the 

2001 NCEP ATP III guidelines on the treatment of high 

blood cholesterol in adults. 

August 2004. The NHBPEP Working Group on 

High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents 

releases the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, 

and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and 

Adolescents.

August 2004. An NHLBI-funded study shows that 

nucleic acid amplification testing for HIV-1 and hepatitis 

C virus further safeguards the Nation’s blood supply.

October 2004. Results from a new study of adults 

with mild asthma by researchers participating in the 

ACRN demonstrated that genes affect patient response, 

over time, to daily doses of inhaled albuterol, a drug used 

for relief of acute asthma symptoms. A few weeks of its 

regular use improves overall asthma control in individuals with one form of the gene, but stopping all use of 

albuterol eventually improves asthma control in those 

with another form of the gene. The findings could lead 

to better ways to individualize asthma therapy.

November 2004. Results of the Prevention of Events 

With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition 

(PEACE) demonstrate that many heart disease patients 

who are already receiving state-of-the art therapy do not 

gain extra cardiovascular protection from ACE inhibitors. 

December 2004. The NHLBI stops early the Stroke 

Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia Trial II (STOP II) so 

that physicians who treat children with sickle cell anemia 

can be alerted to its findings. STOP II, which is a study 

to determine whether children with sickle cell anemia 

and at high risk for stoke could at some point safely stop 

receiving the periodic blood transfusions that prevent 

strokes, shows that children revert to high risk for stroke 

when transfusions are stopped.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

36

January 2005. The NHLBI issues new guidelines 

for managing asthma during pregnancy.

January 26, 2005. Dr. Elizabeth G. Nabel is 

appointed Director of the NHLBI. She succeeds 

Dr. Claude Lenfant.

February 2005. NHLBI-supported scientists identify two genetic mutations common in individuals of

African descent that are associated with a 40 percent 

reduction in LDL cholesterol.

April 20, 2005. Results of the Azithromycin and 

Coronary Events Study show that a 1-year course of 

weekly azithromycin, an antibiotic, does not alter the risk 

of cardiac events among patients with stable coronary 

artery disease.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

37

Cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases constitute a large morbidity, mortality, and economic 

burden on individuals, families, and the Nation. 

Common forms are atherosclerosis, hypertension, 

COPD, and blood-clotting disorders—embolisms 

and thromboses. The most serious atherosclerotic 

diseases are CHD, as manifested by heart attack and 

angina pectoris, and cerebrovascular disease, as 

manifested by stroke.

In 2003, cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

accounted for 1,150,000 deaths and 47 percent of all 

deaths in the United States (p. 39). The projected 

economic cost in 2006 for these diseases is expected 

to be $560 billion, 22 percent of the total economic 

costs of illness, injuries, and death (p. 55). Of all 

diseases, heart disease is the leading cause of death, 

cerebrovascular disease is third (behind cancer), and 

COPD (including asthma) ranks fourth (p. 42). Cardiovascular and lung diseases account for 3 of the 4 

leading causes of death (p. 42) and 5 of the 10 leading causes of infant death (p. 48). Hypertension, 

heart disease, asthma, and chronic bronchitis are 

especially prevalent and account for substantial 

morbidity in Americans (p. 51). Increases in 

prevalence have been greatest for asthma and heart 

failure.

The purpose of the biomedical research conducted by the NHLBI is to contribute to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases. National disease statistics show that 

by mid-century, morbidity and mortality from these 

diseases had reached record high levels. Since then, 

however, substantial improvements have been 

achieved, especially over the past 40 years, as 

shown by the significant decline in mortality rates. 

Because many of these diseases begin early in life, 

their early detection and control can reduce the risk 

of disability and can delay death. Although important advances have been made in the treatment and 

control of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases, 

these diseases continue to be a major burden on the 

Nation.

Cardiovascular Diseases

• In 2003, CVD caused 911,000 deaths—

37 percent of all deaths (p. 39).

• Heart disease is the leading cause of death; the 

main form, CHD, caused 479,000 deaths in 

2003 (pp. 40, 42).

• The annual number of deaths from CVD 

increased substantially between 1900 and 1970 

and remains high (p. 41). 

• The death rate (not age-adjusted) for CVD 

increased from 1920 until it peaked in 1968. 

Since then, the trend has been downward. In 

2003, the rate was similar to the rate in 1930 

(p. 41).

• Cerebrovascular disease, the third leading 

cause of death, accounted for 158,000 deaths in 

2003 (pp. 40, 42).

• Heart disease is second only to all cancers 

combined in years of potential life lost (p. 42).

• Among minority groups, heart disease ranks 

first, and stroke ranks fifth or higher as the 

leading causes of death (p. 42).

• The rapid increase in deaths due to heart failure 

between 1970 and 2003 is a major exception to 

the mortality decline in CVD (p. 43).

• Between 1985 and 2002, death rates for heart 

disease and stroke declined in men and women 

of all racial/ethnic groups. Declines in death 

rates for heart disease were greatest in whites 

and for stroke, were greatest in blacks (p. 44).

• Because of the rapid decline in mortality from 

CHD since the peak in 1968, there were 

941,000 fewer deaths from CHD in 2003 than 

would have occurred if there had been no 

decline (p. 45). 

• Substantial improvements have been made in 

the treatment of CVD. Since 1975 or 1985, 

case-fatality rates from hospitalized AMI, 

stroke, heart failure, and cardiac dysrhythmia 

declined appreciably (p. 45).

• The decline in CHD mortality began earlier in 

the United States than in most countries and 

4. Disease Statistics
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

38

outpaced that in most countries (only selected 

countries are shown) (p. 46).

• Between 1993 and 2003, the percent decline in 

death rates for CHD was greatest among white 

males and least among black females (p. 47).

• In 2003, an estimated 71.3 million persons in the 

United States had some form of CVD, 65 million had 

hypertension, and 13 million had CHD (p. 51).

• Since the 1960s, there has been a substantial 

reduction in the prevalence of CVD risk factors: 

hypertension, smoking, and high cholesterol, but not 

overweight. The decline in prevalence of hypertension ceased in 1990; since then the prevalence has 

increased (p. 52).

• Between 1976–80 and 1999–2002, the percent of 

persons with hypertension who were aware of their 

condition, on treatment for it, and having their blood 

pressure under control increased substantially 

(p. 53).

• A 1999–2002 national survey showed only about 

one-third of hypertensive patients (systolic BP > 140 

mm Hg or diastolic BP > 90 mm Hg or on 

antihypertensive medication) had their condition 

under control (p. 53).

• Hospitalization rates for heart failure increased 

between 1971 and 2003 (p. 54).

• The estimated economic cost of CVD for 2006 is 

approximately $403 billion:

– $258 billion in direct health expenditures

– $36 billion in indirect cost of morbidity

– $110 billion in indirect cost of mortality (p. 55).

Lung Diseases

• Lung diseases, excluding lung cancer, caused an 

estimated 243,000 deaths in 2003 (p. 39).

• COPD caused 122,000 deaths in 2003 and is the 

fourth leading cause of death (pp. 40, 42).

• Between 1993 and 2003, death rates for COPD 

increased substantially in women and decreased in 

men; mortality for asthma decreased appreciably 

(p. 47).

• Between 1980 and 2003, infant death rates for 

various lung diseases declined markedly (p. 45).

• Of the eight leading causes of infant mortality, four 

are lung diseases or have a lung disease component 

(p. 48). Between 1993 and 2003, changes in 

mortality for the causes were:

– Congenital anomalies (-14 percent)

– Disorders of short gestation (-<1 percent)

– Sudden infant death syndrome 

(-60 percent)

– Respiratory distress syndrome

(-57 percent).

• Lung diseases accounted for 18 percent of all deaths 

of children under 1 year of age in 2003 (p. 48).

• The COPD death rate for women in the United 

States is increasing significantly compared with the 

rates in several other countries (p. 49).

• Between 1985 and 2002, death rates for COPD 

increased for women in all racial/ethnic groups 

except Asian. For men, they increased in American 

Indians, decreased in whites and Asians, and were 

essentially flat in blacks and Hispanics (p. 50).

• Sleep disorders are increasingly being recognized as 

an important health problem. The number of 

physician office visits for sleep apnea, restless legs 

syndrome, and narcolepsy increased from 1,046,927 

in 1990 to 5,798,762 in 2003 (p. 50).

• Asthma is a common chronic condition, particularly 

in children (pp. 51, 52, 54). 

• The economic cost of lung diseases is expected to be 

$144 billion in 2006—$87 billion in direct health 

expenditures and $57 billion in indirect cost of 

morbidity and mortality (p. 55).

Blood Diseases

• An estimated 242,000 deaths, 10 percent of all 

deaths, were attributed to blood diseases in 2003

 (p. 39). These include the following:

– 232,000 due to blood-clotting disorders

– 10,000 to diseases of the red blood cell and 

bleeding disorders (p. 40).

• A large proportion of deaths from AMI and 

cerebrovascular disease involve blood-clotting 

problems (p. 40). 

• In 2006, blood-clotting disorders are expected to 

cost the Nation’s economy $94 billion, and other 

blood diseases will cost $13 billion (p. 55).

• The mean age at death for persons with sickle cell 

anemia increased from about 28 years in 1979 to 

37.3 years in 2002 (not shown).
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

39

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1983 and 2003

* Includes 314,000 CVD deaths involving blood-clotting diseases.

** Includes 232,000 CVD deaths involving blood-clotting diseases.

† Includes 12,000 CVD deaths due to pulmonary heart disease.

‡ Includes 14,000 CVD deaths due to pulmonary heart disease.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2003

Total Cardiovascular, Lung, and 

Blood Diseases 47.1%

* Excludes deaths from pulmonary heart disease (14,000).

† Excludes deaths from blood-clotting disorders and 

pulmonary embolism (232,000).

1983 2003

Cause of Death

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

All Causes 2,019,000 100 2,444,000 100

All Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases 1,149,000 57 1,150,000 47

Cardiovascular Diseases 992,000 49 911,000 37

Blood 321,000* 16 242,000 10

Lung 162,000† 8 243,000‡ 10

All Other Causes 870,000 43 1,294,000 53

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases, U.S., 2003

Lung*

9.4%

CVD

37.3%

Blood†

0.4%

Other

52.9%

Lung

19.9%

Blood

0.9%

CVD*

79.2%

* CVD involving blood clotting (20.2%).

**
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

40

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2003

* Deaths from clotting or pulmonary disorders also are included as cardiovascular deaths.

Note: Total, excluding overlap, is 1,150,000.

Source: Estimated by the NHLBI from Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths (Thousands)

Cause of Death Cardiovascular Lung Blood

Acute Myocardial Infarction 171 — 116*

Other Coronary Heart Disease 308 — —

Heart Failure 57 — —

Cerebrovascular Diseases (Stroke) 158 — 103*

Other Atherosclerosis 38 — 4*

Pulmonary Embolism 9 9* 9*

Other Cardiovascular Diseases 170 5* —

Bleeding and Red Blood Cell Diseases — — 10

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — 122 —

Asthma — 4 —

Other Airway Diseases — 1 —

Pneumonia — 63 —

Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders — 5 —

Interstitial Lung Diseases — 6 —

Lung Diseases Due to External Agents — 19 —

Other Lung Diseases — 9 —

Total 911 243 242

Deaths From Lung 

Diseases, U.S., 2003

Deaths From Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 2003

Blood-Clotting Disorders 95.9%

Source: Estimated by the NHLBI from Vital 

Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Airway Diseases

52.3% Interstitial/

Other

14.0%

Pneumonia

25.9% Neonatal

2.0%

Pulmonary

Circulation

5.8%

Stroke

42.6%

Bleeding and Red 

Cell Diseases

4.1%

AMI

47.9%

Other

Atherosclerosis

1.7%

Pulmonary

Embolism

3.7%

Atherosclerosis-Related Disease 81.3%

Deaths From Cardiovascular

Diseases, U.S., 2003

* Includes cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertensive 

disease, and other heart and blood vessel diseases.

Other CHD

33.8%

AMI

18.8%

Stroke

Pulmonary 17.3%

Embolism

1.0%

Other

Atherosclerosis

4.2%

Heart Failure

6.2%

Other CVD*

18.7%
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

41

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2003

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates* for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2003

* Not age-adjusted.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Number of Deaths (Thousands)

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2003

Year

Total CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

1900 1990 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 2010 1980 2000

Number of Deaths (Thousands)

Deaths per 100,000 Population

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2003

Year

CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

1900 1990 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 2010 1980 2000

Deaths per 100,000 Population
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

42

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2003

* Includes 164.8 deaths per 100,000 population from CHD.

† COPD and allied conditions (including asthma); the term in the ICD/10 is “chronic lower respiratory diseases.”

‡ Based on the average remaining years of life up to age 77 years.

Note: Bolded diseases are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2002

* Includes deaths among individuals of Asian extraction and Asian-Pacific Islanders.

† Includes deaths among Aleuts and Eskimos.

Note: Bolded causes of death are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Years of potential life lost

(millions)‡

3.6 4.9 0.6 0.6 3.0 0.6 0.3 < 0.1 0.2 0.2

Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Homicide

Pneumonia

Suicide

COPD

Cirrhosis

Stroke

Diabetes

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

American Indian†

Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Septicemia

Nephritis

Suicide

COPD

Pneumonia

Diabetes

Accidents

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Cause Asian*

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Perinatal

Pneumonia

COPD

Cirrhosis

Homicide

Diabetes

Stroke

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Cause Hispanic

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Septicemia

Nephritis

COPD

HIV Infection

Homicide

Accidents

Diabetes

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Black

Heart

Cancer

Stroke

Accidents

Diabetes

Homicide

HIV Infection

COPD

Nephritis

Septicemia

Heart

Cancer

Accidents

Stroke

Diabetes

Homicide

Cirrhosis

COPD

Pneumonia

Perinatal

Heart

Cancer

Stroke

Accidents

Diabetes

Pneumonia

COPD

Suicide

Nephritis

Septicemia

Heart

Cancer

Accidents

Stroke

Diabetes

Homicide

Cirrhosis

COPD

Pneumonia

Suicide

Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Septicemia

Nephritis

Suicide

COPD

Pneumonia

Diabetes

Accidents

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Asian*

Heart

Stroke

COPD

Deaths per 100,000 Population

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Cause of Death

 1 = Heart*

 2 = Cancer

 3 = Cerebrovascular

 4 = COPD†

 5 = Accidents

 6 = Diabetes

 7 = Influenza and Pneumonia

 8 = Alzheimer’s Disease

 9 = Nephritis

 10 = Septicemia

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 *

Deaths (Thousands)
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

43

Death Rates* for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1963, 1983, and 2003

* Age-adjusted; rate per 100,000 population.

† Comparability ratio (1.0588) applied.

‡ Comparability ratio (1.0478) applied.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths From Heart Failure, U.S., 1970–2003

Note: The sharp drop occurring in 1989 is attributed to the revision of the death certificate.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Rate*

Percent 

Change 

Percent 

Change

Cause of Death 1963 1983 2003 1963–2003 1983–2003

All Causes 1,346 990 831 -38 -16

Cardiovascular Diseases 805 504 307 -62 -39

Coronary Heart Disease 476 316 163 -66 -48

Stroke 174 86 54 -69 -37

Other 153 102 90 -41 -12

Noncardiovascular Diseases 541 486 524 -3 +8

COPD and Asthma 16 33 42 +164 +28

Other 525 453 482 -8 +6

Deaths (Thousands)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Deaths (Thousands)

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

†

‡
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

44

Death Rates* for Heart Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2002

* Age-adjusted.

† Non-Hispanic.

Note: Each line is a log linear regression derived from the actual rates.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates* for Stroke by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2002

* Age-adjusted.

† Non-Hispanic.

Note: Each line is a log linear regression derived from the actual rates.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths per 100,000 Population

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1985

Year

Black

White

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Male Female

†

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Year

1985 1985 2002 2002

Male Female

†

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

1985 2000 1995

Black

White

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Male Male Female

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Year

†

Female

1985 2002 1985 2002

Black

White

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

45

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2003

Actual Rate and Expected Rates if Rise Had Continued or Reached a Plateau

* Age-adjusted.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead From Hospitals, 

U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2003

Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey, NCHS.

Deaths per 100,000 Population

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

More Than 1.6 Million Deaths Expected

in 2003 if Rise Had Continued

1,420,000 Deaths Expected in 2003 

if No Decline From Peak Rate

479,000 Actual Deaths in 

941,000 CHD Deaths Averted in 2003 Due to

Decline From Peak Rate in 1968 (1,420,000–479,000)

Peak Rate

941,000 Deaths Averted in 2003 Due to

Decline From Peak Rate in 1968 (1,420,000–479,000)

479,000 Actual Deaths in 2003

Peak Rate

1,420,000 Deaths Expected in 2003

More Than 1.6 Million Deaths Expected

in 2003 if Rise Had Continued

if No Decline From Peak Rate

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Deaths per 100,000 Population

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Year

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Cardiac 

Dysrhythmia

Pneumonia

Heart Failure

Stroke

AMI

Percent Discharged Dead

1975

1985

2003

Disease
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

46

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Men Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2003

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Organization.

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Women Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2003

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Organization.

Deaths per 100,000 Population

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Finland

Australia

USA

England

Poland

France

Japan

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Deaths per 100,000 Population

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

Finland

Australia

USA

England

Poland

France

Japan

Deaths per 100,000 Population

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

47

Change in Death Rates* for Selected Causes by Race and Gender, U.S., 1993–2003

* Age-adjusted.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2003

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Percent

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

COPD Asthma CHD Stroke

Cause of Death

White Men

Black Men

White Women

Black Women

Percent

Deaths per 100,000 Live Births

0

50

100

150

200

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Sudden Infant

Death Syndrome

Respiratory 

Distress Syndrome

Other Neonatal 

Respiratory Disorder 

Hypoxia

Pneumonia

Deaths per 100,000 Live Births

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

48

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2003

* Congenital CVD and congenital anomalies of the respiratory system (black bar) represented 42 percent of all infant deaths due to congenital anomalies.

† Between 1993 and 2003, congenital CVD declined 28 percent; congenital anomalies of the respiratory system increased 1 percent; other congenital anomalies 

declined 6 percent.

NA: Not available.

Note: Bolded diseases are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2003

Note: Bolded diseases are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Cause of Death

Deaths 

Under Age 1

All Causes 28,422

Cardiovascular Diseases 2,580*

Congenital Anomalies 1,746

Other 834

Lung Diseases 5,169

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 1,994*

Respiratory Distress Syndrome 819*

Pneumonia 314

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) 238

Atelectasis of Newborn 450

Congenital Anomalies 641*

Other Lung Diseases 713

Other Diseases 20,673

Cause of Mortality

0 50 100 150 200

Intrauterine hypoxia

Bacterial sepsis of newborn

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Diseases of the circulatory system

Accidents and adverse effects

Newborns affected by complications 

of placenta, cord, and membrane

Newborns affected by maternal 

complications of pregnancy

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Disorders relating to short gestation

Congenital Anomalies*

Deaths Under Age 1 per 100,000 Live Births

Percent Change

1993–2003

-14†

-<1

+22

+5

-1

-60

-57

NA

+21

-30

Percent Change

1993–2003

Sudden Infant

Disorders relating

to short gestation

Congenital Anomalies*

Newborns affected by maternal

Newborns affected by complications

of placenta, cord, and membrane

Death Syndrome

complications of pregnancy

Accidents and adverse effects

Bacterial sepsis of newborn

Intrauterine hypoxia

Cause of Mortality

0 50 100 150 200

Diseases of the circulatory system

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

-14†

-<1

-60

+22

+5

-1

+21

-57

NA

-30

Congenital 

Anomalies of the 

Respiratory 

System

2.3%

Atelectasis and 

Other Lung 

Diseases

BPD 4.1%

0.8%

Pneumonia

1.1%

RDS

2.9%

SIDS

Other CVD 7.0%

2.9%

Congenital 

Anomalies of the 

CV System

6.1%

Other Diseases

72.7%

CVD 9.1%

Lung Diseases 18.2%
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

49

Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Men Ages 35+ Years, Selected 

Countries, 1980–2003

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, WHO.

Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Women Ages 35+ Years, Selected 

Countries, 1980–2003

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, WHO.

Deaths per 100,000 Population

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

Finland

France

Japan

Year

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Death per 100,000 Population

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

Finland

France

Japan

Year

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Deaths per 100,000 Population
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

50

Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, 

U.S., 1985–2002

* Age-adjusted.

† Non-Hispanic.

Note: Each line is a log linear regression derived from the actual rates. Rates from 1999–2002 are modified by the ICD revision comparability ratio.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 1990–2003

Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, NCHS.

Deaths per 100,000 Population

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1985 2002 1985 2002

Year

White

Black

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Male Female

†

Deaths per 100,000 Population

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1985 2002 1985 2002

Year

White

Black

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Male Female

†

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Year

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1985 1985 2002 2002

White†

Black

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Male Female

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Total

Sleep apnea

Narcolepsy

Restless legs

Year

1990 1992 2000 2003

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

7

Visits (Millions)

1994 1996 1998

Sleep Apnea

Narcolespy

Restless Legs Syndrome

Total
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

51

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2003

* Systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, on antihypertensive medication, or told twice of having hypertension.

Note: Some persons are included in more than one diagnostic group, and persons with more than one form of anemia are counted more than once.

Sources: Extrapolated to United States from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999–2002, and National Health Interview Survey 

(NHIS), 2002, 2003.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases* in Adults by Age, U.S., 1999–2002

* Hypertension, CHD, cerebrovascular disease, or heart failure. 

Hypertension = systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic bloo d pressure > 90 mm Hg, on antihypertensive medication, or told twice of having 

hypertension.

Source: NHANES, 1999–2002.

Disease Number

Total Cardiovascular Diseases 71,300,000

Hypertension* 65,000,000

Coronary Heart Disease 13,200,000

Heart Failure 5,000,000

Stroke 5,500,000

Congenital Heart Disease 1,000,000

Asthma 20,600,000

COPD 10,800,000

Chronic Bronchitis only (age 18+) 8,200,000

Emphysema only (age 18+) 1,700,000

Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema (age 18+) 900,000

Anemias (all forms) (1996) 3,500,000

Percent

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

20–34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+

Ages

20–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75+

Percent

Ages
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

52

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases by Age, U.S., 2002

Note: Numbers depicted in bars are not additive by disease because some persons have more than one disease.

Source: NHIS 1996 for anemias, 2004 for lung diseases, and NHANES 1999–2002 for CVD.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors* in Adults, U.S., 1961–2001

* Age-adjusted.

Note: Hypertension is systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure is > 90 mm Hg, or 

on antihypertensive medication. High cholesterol is 240+ mg/dl. Overweight is BMI 25+ kg/m2. 

Source: NHIS for smoking (age 18+) and NHANES for the other risk factors (ages 20–74).

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Anemias

Asthma

CHF

Stroke

COPD

CHD

Hypertension

Stroke

CHF

COPD

Asthma

CHD

Hypertension 

Anemias

CHD

COPD

Asthma

Hypertension

Asthma <18 Years

18–44 Years

45–64 Years

65+ Years

Percent

Asthma

Hypertension

Asthma

COPD

CHD

Anemias

Hypertension

CHD

Asthma

COPD

Heart Failure

Stroke

Hypertension

CHD

Stroke

COPD

Heart Failure

Asthma

Anemias

Disease

<18 Years

18–44 Years

45–64 Years

65+ Years

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1961 1991 2000 2005

Year

Overweight

Hypertension

Smoking

High Cholesterol

Percent of Population

Year

1960 1965 1970 1975 1985 1995 1980 1990 2000 2005
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

53

Hypertensive Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Age 18+, U.S., 1976–80 to 1999–2002

* Systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, or on antihypertensive medication.

†

 Systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, on antihypertensive medication, or told twice of having hypertension. Here, 

“treated” includes medication use and other means. 

Source: NHANES, NCHS.

Adult Population With Hypertension* by Age, Gender, and Race, U.S., 1999–2002

* Systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, on antihypertensive medication, or told twice of having hypertension.

Source: NHANES, NCHS. 

Percent of Hypertension Population**

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Aware Treated Controlled

1976–80

1988–91

1991–94

1999–02

Aware Treated Controlled

Percent of Hypertensive Population*

Ages

Percent of Population

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0

White

Black

MexicanAmerican

0 20 40 60 80 100

60+

40–59

20–39

White

Black

MexicanAmerican

Men

Ages

Women

Percent of Population

Percent of Hypertension Population*

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Aware Treated Controlled

1988–94

1999–02

Aware Treated Controlled

Percent of Hypertensive Population†
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

54

Hospitalization Rates for Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 Years and 65+ Years, U.S., 1971–2003

Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey, NCHS.

Persons Experiencing Asthma Episodes in Previous 12 Months by Age, U.S., 1997–2004

Source: National Health Interview Survey, NCHS.

0

50

100

150

200

250

Ages 65+ Years

Ages 45-64 Years

Hospitalizations per 10,000 Population

Ages 65+ Years

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Ages 45–64 Years

Percent

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Years

<15 yrs

15-34 yrs

35+ yrs

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

<15 yrs

15–34 yrs

35+ yrs

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2004

Year

Percent

2003
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

55

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2006

* Direct costs are personal health care expenditures for hospital and nursing home care, drugs, home care, and physician and other professional services. The estimation method is based on Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) projections for total 2006 health expenditures by type of direct costs and NCHS 

estimates of direct costs in 1995 for each of the major diagnostic groups. The proportion of costs for 1995 for each diagnostic group is applied to the equivalent 

2006 total by type of direct cost. 

† Morbidity costs were estimated for 2006 by multiplying NCHS estimates for 1980 by a 1980–2006 percent inflation factor derived from the increase in mean 

earnings estimated by the Bureau of the Census.

‡ The mortality cost for each disease group was estimated for 2006 by first multiplying the number of deaths in 2002 in each age- and sex-specific group by the 

2002 present value of lifetime earnings (latest available) discounted at 3 percent; second, summing these estimates for each diagnostic group; and third, multiplying the estimates by a 2002–2006 inflation factor (1.07) based on change in mean earnings. 

§ Costs of blood-clotting disease are estimated from predetermined proportions of CVD morbidity and mortality statistics for MI, cerebrovascular diseases, and 

diseases of arteries.

** Does not include lung cancer or leukemia.

Note: Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding.

Source: Estimates by NHLBI; data from the NCHS, the CMS, the Bureau of the Census, and the Institute for Health and Aging, University of California, 

San Francisco.

Total Economic Costs, U.S., 2006 Economic Costs: Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases, U.S., 2006

Amount (Dollars in Billions) Percent Distribution

Indirect Costs Indirect Costs

Direct 

Costs* Morbidity† Mortality‡ Total

Direct 

Costs Morbidity Mortality Total

Cardiovascular Disease $257.6 $35.6 $109.8 $403.0 14.6% 17.0% 20.7% 16.1%

(including Blood Clotting)§ (60.5) (7.9) (25.6) (94.0) (3.4) (3.8) (4.8) (3.8)

Lung Diseases** 87.0 27.4 29.8 144.2 4.9 13.0 5.6 5.8

Blood Diseases 9.0 0.7 2.9 12.6 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5

Subtotal 353.6 63.7 142.5 559.8 20.1 30.3 26.9 22.4

Diseases of the Digestive 

System

179.2 10.8 24.0 214.0 10.2 5.1 4.5 8.6

Neoplasms 78.2 17.9 110.2 206.3 4.4 8.5 20.8 8.3

Mental Disorders 141.62 27.6 8.4 177.6 8.0 13.1 1.6 7.1

Diseases of the Nervous 

System

147.6 8.2 11.9 167.7 8.4 3.9 2.2 6.7

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal 

System 

100.5 21.4 2.7 124.6 5.7 10.2 0.5 5.0

Diseases of the Genitourinary 

System

74.4 5.5 6.0 85.9 4.2 2.6 1.1 3.4

Endocrine, Nutritional, and 

Metabolic Diseases

70.8 6.9 19.1 96.8 4.0 3.3 3.6 3.9

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 36.1 12.7 26.5 75.3 2.0 6.1 5.0 3.0

Diseases of the Skin 39.7 1.6 0.6 41.9 2.3 0.8 0.1 1.7

Other and Unallocated to 

Diseases

537.8 33.6 177.9 749.3 30.6 16.0 33.6 30.0

Total $1,759.5 $209.9 $529.8 $2,499.2 100% 100% 100% 100%

Other

77.6%

Lung

5.8%

Cardiovascular

16.1%

Blood

0.5%

Indirect 36.7%

Mortality

25.4%

Morbidity

11.3%

Direct

63.2%

NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

57

More than two-thirds of the research supported by 

the NHLBI is initiated by individual investigators; 

the remainder is initiated by the Institute. Instituteinitiated programs are developed in response to 

evolving national needs, Congressional mandates, 

and advances in scientific knowledge. Each initiative represents the outcome of extensive discussions 

and thorough reviews by representatives of the scientific community, Institute advisory committees, 

the Board of Extramural Advisors (BEA), and the 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council 

(NHLBAC). The advisory committees and the 

BEA, together with professional societies and 

NHLBI staff, continually review the progress of 

research within the NHLBI program areas, assess 

newly acquired knowledge, and identify research 

topics that offer the best opportunities or constitute 

the greatest needs. This planning process contributes to policy development at the national level by 

setting priorities among programs and establishing 

budgets for individual programs and projects. 

Initiatives generally emanate as Requests for 

Applications (RFAs) for grants, including cooperative agreements, or Requests for Proposals (RFPs) 

for contracts. A smaller number of initiatives take 

the form of Program Announcements (PAs). Applications and proposals submitted in response to RFAs 

and RFPs compete among themselves for specific 

“set-aside” funds. Applications submitted in 

response to PAs generally compete with other 

investigator-initiated applications for funding. 

RFA, RFP, and PA concepts prepared by the Institute are presented to the BEA, which reviews and 

prioritizes them. The concepts, along with the comments from the BEA, are then sent to the NHLBAC 

for review, comment, and concurrence. Initiatives 

that receive the concurrence of the NHLBAC are 

considered further by the NHLBI Director in the 

context of the Institute’s budget, program priorities, 

review workload, and proposed mechanisms. These 

considerations guide the Director’s subsequent decisions to approve initiatives for release. RFAs, RFPs, 

and PAs are announced in the weekly publication, 

the NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts. 

Applications and proposals submitted in response 

to RFAs and RFPs are reviewed by the NHLBI. 

Applications submitted in response to PAs are 

reviewed by the NIH Center for Scientific Review. 

Descriptions of the Institute-initiated programs 

that began or were renewed (i.e., were funded) in 

FY 2005 are presented below according to NHLBI 

scientific program. Also described are trans-NIH 

and interagency initiatives in which the NHLBI is 

participating. 

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 

Initiatives Being Renewed 

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) 

Study

The purpose of this renewal is to assess trends in 

incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and heart 

failure and to continue identification of their risk 

factors in four diverse communities. Specifically, 

the study will extend community surveillance of 

trends in MI incidence through 2009 and beyond age 

74, initiate surveillance of heart failure, and continue investigation of new risk factors (e.g., first 

time reports of carotid intimal–medial thickness predicting CHD and stroke) for CHD and heart failure 

in the ARIC cohort subjects aged 45–64 at study 

entry. 

Cardiovascular Health Study: Transition Phase

The purpose of this renewal is to enhance the use 

of data and samples from the Cardiovascular Health 

Study (CHS) during a transition period from the current contract-funded, NHLBI-directed program to 

one directed by a steering committee of investigators with independently acquired grants. The goals 

are to maintain the core coordinating center and laboratory support; continue follow-up of participants 

for cardiovascular events and maintenance of sample repository; ensure open access to CHS data and 

specimens for the entire scientific community; and 

promote innovative use of the resource by new collaborators who will develop independently funded 

research projects.

5. Institute-Initiated Programs 

Starting in FY 2005
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

58

Family Blood Pressure Program Extension

The purpose of this renewal is to identify and characterize the genes that contribute to hypertension and 

related conditions in multiple racial groups. The program will also investigate the pathways through which 

genetic variation translates into differences in blood 

pressure levels and risks of hypertension.

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives 

(GOCADAN) Study

The purpose of this renewal is to identify and map the 

genes that contribute to CVD in a population of isolated 

Alaska Natives whose traditional lifestyle is being 

altered by mechanization and a westernized diet. The 

population is beginning to show a marked acceleration in 

the prevalence of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.

Strong Heart Study

The purpose of this renewal is to extend support for 

Phase V of the Strong Heart Study, which is evaluating 

CVD and its risk factors, especially obesity and type 2 

diabetes, in American Indians. Phase V seeks to determine the genetic and environmental contributors of CVD 

in extended families; continue the mortality and morbidity surveillance of the original cohort along with initiating annual mortality surveillance and limited morbidity 

follow-up of the noncohort family members; and reexamine family members so that changes in risk factors 

can be analyzed and genetic effects on changes can be 

estimated. 

New Initiatives 

Community-Responsive Intervention To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in American Indians and Alaska 

Natives 

The purpose of this cooperative agreement is to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral interventions such as 

weight reduction, regular physical activity, and smoking 

cessation to reduce cardiovascular risk in American Indians and Alaska Natives. Investigators will develop and 

test culturally appropriate interventions that can be 

incorporated into clinical programs of the community 

health care systems or delivered through public-health 

approaches in Native communities. 

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research in 

Cardiac Dysfunction and Disease

The purpose of this SCCOR is to improve understanding of the disease process within the myocardium 

through multidisciplinary research that integrates molecular, structural, mechanical, and electrical elements into 

a cohesive picture. The goal is to translate research findings into more effective methods of treatment, diagnosis, 

and prevention of cardiac disorders, including ischemic 

and other cardiomyopathies, left ventricular dysfunction, 

metabolic abnormalities, congestive heart failure, and 

rhythm disturbances. Because some segments of the 

population suffer from heart disease disproportionately, 

investigators will emphasize research that addresses 

issues related to health disparities.

Lung Diseases Program

Initiative Being Renewed

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network 

(ARDSNet)

The purpose of this renewal is to conduct controlled 

clinical trials of treatments and management practices 

for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

New Initiatives 

Causes and Mechanisms of COPD Exacerbations

The purpose of this RFA is to investigate the causes 

of, and the molecular pathways involved in, acute exacerbation of COPD. The goal is to identify specific new 

targets for more effective preventive and therapeutic 

interventions.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research 

Network

The purpose of this RFA is to establish a clinical 

research network to design and perform multiple therapeutic trials in patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic 

pulmonary fibrosis. The trials will evaluate existing or 

new medications, combinations of medications, and 

defined management strategies.

Pathogenesis of SARS Lung Disease: In Vitro Studies 

and Animal Models

The purpose of this PA is to encourage research that 

will rapidly advance understanding of the pathogenesis 

of severe SARS in the lung using in vitro techniques, 

existing animal models of related coronavirus infections, 

and appropriate animal models of SARS. 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

59

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Initiative Being Renewed

Thalassemia Clinical Research Network

The purpose of this renewal is to conduct clinical trials 

to evaluate existing and new therapies for thalassemia. 

The network will move effective therapies from the laboratory to the bedside through rapid and systematic collaborative testing in phase II and phase III clinical trials.

New Initiatives

Cellular and Genetic Discovery Toward Curative 

Therapy in Myeloproliferative Disorders (MPD)

The purpose of this RFA is to stimulate research to 

discover cellular and genetic markers associated with the 

origin and progression of MPD. Investigators will ultimately seek to translate research findings into innovative 

treatments that will cure MPD.

Development of a Health-Related Quality of Life 

Questionnaire in Sickle Cell Disease

The purpose of this RFP is to develop a quality of life 

questionnaire and related materials to be used in clinical 

trials and outcomes research among adults with SCD, 

and subsequently to assist researchers who choose to use 

the new products.

Improved Therapy for Hemophilia and Hereditary 

Bleeding Disorders

The purpose of this RFA is to develop improved therapies, with the goal of finding a cure, for hemophilia and 

other hereditary bleeding disorders. The focus is on 

stimulating research to improve therapy, and enhance 

understanding of immune response and safety issues 

related to new therapeutics, gene transfer, or cell-based 

therapies for bleeding disorders. The RFA is cosponsored by the National Hemophilia Foundation.

Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Seeking Cure Through 

Discovery on Pathogenesis and Disease Progression

The purpose of this RFA is to determine the etiology 

and pathophysiology of myelodysplastic syndrome. 

Investigators will ultimately seek to find a cure for the 

syndrome.

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research 

(SCCOR) in Transfusion Biology and Medicine

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research in transfusion biology and medicine that 

will improve the safety, efficacy, and availability of 

blood, blood components, and plasma derivatives. 

Investigators will apply their findings to evaluate the 

best approaches to provide blood- and bone-marrowderived components to patients.

Trans-NHLBI

Initiatives Being Renewed

Competing Continuation Awards of SBIR Phase II 

Grants for Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Disorders

The purpose of this renewal is to support SBIR Phase 

II awardees in further pursuing development and assessment of devices or conducting preclinical studies of 

products or devices relevant to the NHLBI mission prior 

to clinical evaluation and Federal regulatory agency 

approval. 

NHLBI HBCU Research Scientist Award Extension 

The purpose of this renewal is to facilitate research 

capacity building at the four historically black colleges 

and universities (HBCU) that were awarded the NHLBI 

Research Scientist Awards in 1996 to conduct biomedical or behavioral research in cardiovascular, lung, or 

blood health and disease, transfusion medicine, or sleep 

disorders. The program seeks to increase the number of 

minority individuals involved in biomedical and behavioral research and to reduce health disparities. 

NHLBI Minority Institutional Research Training 

Program

The purpose of this renewal is to provide full-time 

research training to graduate, postdoctoral, or health professional students at minority schools for investigative 

careers in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders.

Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy for Heart, 

Lung, and Blood Diseases

The purpose of this renewal is to continue support to 

the four NHLBI Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy initiated in FY 2000. The renewal will emphasize 

preclinical projects to facilitate the translation of gene 

therapy into clinical studies, clinical studies to test safety 

and efficacy of gene therapy, National Cores to provide 

resources and services to NHLBI investigators at no cost, 

and training positions in clinical projects to train M.D. 

and Ph.D. scientists in conducting gene therapy clinical 

trials.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

60

New Initiatives

Bioengineering Approaches to Energy Balance and 

Obesity 

The purpose of this RFA is to encourage engineers, 

physical scientists, and scientists from other relevant disciplines with expertise in obesity and nutrition to 

develop and evaluate new technologies, instrumentation, 

and medical devices to address clinical problems related 

to energy balance, intake, and expenditure. The goal is 

to increase the number of useful technologies and tools 

available to scientists to facilitate research and support 

behavioral changes to address such problems as weight 

control and obesity.

NHLBI Clinical Proteomics Programs

The purpose of this RFA is to establish clinical proteomics programs to validate existing and new candidate 

protein markers that will enable early detection of heart, 

lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders. The programs will facilitate validation of protein panels that will 

not only provide diagnostic and prognostic information, 

but also mechanistic insight into therapeutic responses 

and new targets for interventions. In addition, the RFA 

seeks to establish a high-quality education and skills 

development program to ensure that scientists develop 

the expertise needed to address the complex challenges 

in clinical proteomics. 

NHLBI Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology

The purpose of this RFA is to create multidisciplinary 

teams capable of developing and applying nanotechnology and nanoscience solutions to the diagnosis and treatment of heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders.

Pulmonary Complications of Sickle Cell Disease

The purpose of this RFA is to encourage collaborative 

research between investigators in hematology and pulmonary science that combines basic and clinical 

approaches. The goals are to translate basic research 

findings into clinical applications to treat pulmonary 

complications of SCD and to encourage clinical and 

basic research on the role of upper airway obstruction 

and sleep disturbances in acute chest syndrome and other 

pulmonary complications of SCD.

Specialized Centers for Cell-Based Therapy (SCCT) for 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases 

The purpose of this RFA is to establish SCCT to conduct preclinical and clinical studies on cell-based therapy 

for treatment of heart, lung, and blood diseases. Investigators will seek to translate basic research findings into 

clinical applications for treatment of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases. They will have 1 to 2 years to do preclinical studies to meet the requirements for an Investigational New Drug application prior to initiating clinical 

studies. By the beginning of the third year, the centers 

should be ready to initiate clinical studies.

Trans-NIH

Initiatives Being Renewed

Jackson Heart Study

The purpose of this renewal is to investigate genetic 

and environmental causes of CVD in blacks. It also will 

build research capabilities in minority institutions, 

address the critical shortage of minority investigators in 

epidemiology and prevention, and reduce barriers to dissemination and utilization of health information in a 

minority population. 

Phamacogenetics Research Network and Knowledge 

Base

The purpose of this renewal is to continue support for 

a network of collaborative groups that are investigating 

the influence of human genetic variations on the 

response to drugs and using the information to develop a 

public pharmacogenetic knowledge base.

New Initiatives

Asthma Exacerbations: Biology and Disease 

Progression

The purpose of this RFA is to elucidate the mechanisms and consequences of asthma exacerbation; define 

the pathways that are altered during resolution of exacerbations; and determine their impact on lung function, 

physiology, and disease state. Research findings will 

provide the basis for developing more effective treatments that will control symptoms and exacerbations 

while maintaining or improving lung function.

Bioengineering Research Partnerships

The purpose of this PA is to support multidisciplinary 

research teams in applying integrative, systems 

approaches to improve understanding of disease and its 

diagnosis, treatment, and prevention or to understand 

health and behavior.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

61

Centers of Excellence in Translational Human Stem 

Cell Research

The purpose of this RFA is to establish Centers of 

Excellence in Translational Human Stem Cell Research 

to accelerate the application of the latest advances in 

human stem cell biology to the development of diagnostic or therapeutic uses for human disorders. The Centers 

will bring together basic stem cell biologists and clinicians with disease-specific expertise, physicians and surgeons skilled in new modes of cell delivery, and 

investigators experienced in developing and assessing 

animal models of human diseases to create new interdisciplinary research teams and to conduct preclinical studies for cell-based therapy.

Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Obesity in 

Primary Care Settings

The purpose of this RFA is to test, in a primary care 

setting, interventions to prevent excessive weight gain in 

children at risk for obesity and to prevent further weight 

gain or to promote weight loss in those who are already 

obese. Interventions will focus on improving dietary 

and physical activity behaviors. 

Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research 

Ethics (K01)

The purpose of this PAR is to support research ethics 

training in biomedical, behavioral, or public health 

research, particularly research involving human participants, by health professionals working at academic and 

other health-related institutions. The candidate must 

identify a mentor with extensive research and academic 

experience in ethical issues related to biomedical 

research. 

Molecular Screening Assay Development for Sickle 

Cell Disease

The purpose of this RFA is to support the development 

and adaptation of biological assays for automated, high 

throughput screening of compounds that can potentially 

be used to improve the understanding of the biology of 

SCD and lead to new agents for treatment.

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24)

The purpose of this PA is to encourage established, midcareer clinician scientists to devote more 

time to patient-oriented research and to act as research 

mentors for beginning clinical investigators. 

Salt Sensitivity Diagnostic Test

The purpose of this PA is to stimulate research focused 

on developing a noninvasive or minimally invasive, 

rapid, and practical diagnostic test for salt sensitivity of 

blood pressure in patients during routine physical examination. Ideally, the test should correlate with the longterm changes with blood pressure resulting from high 

salt intake. 

School-Based Intervention To Prevent Obesity

The purpose of this PA is to encourage partnerships 

between academic institutions and school systems to 

develop and evaluate behavioral interventions designed 

to increase children’s physical activity and decrease the 

amount of time that they devote to sedentary activities 

such as watching television or playing computer games.

Trans-PHS

New Initiatives

Characterization of Genetic Variants of HIV and Other 

Blood-Borne Viruses

The purpose of this initiative is to characterize emerging genetic variants of HIV and other agents transmitted 

by blood transfusion and to determine their effect on the 

performance of licensed tests used to screen donated 

blood.

Development of Serological Assays To Distinguish 

Incident HIV Infections in Vaccine Recipients 

Developing HIV Antibodies During Field Tests

The purpose of this initiative is to develop an enzymatic immunoassay for the differential diagnosis of 

HIV-1 infection in the presence of HIV vaccinegenerated antibodies. The project is predicated on the 

need to distinguish true HIV infections from vaccineinduced antibody responses in populations receiving 

newly formulated complex HIV vaccines.

Mechanical Circulatory Support for End-Stage Heart 

Failure: Interagency Registry 

The purpose of this RFP is to establish a data and clinical coordinating center to manage a registry of patients 

receiving a mechanical circulatory support device to 

treat heart failure. The registry will chronicle device 

implantation procedures, indications, and outcomes; 

identify complications and risk factors for complications; develop predictive outcome models; provide blood 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

62

and tissue for genomic and proteomic investigations; 

generate evidence to permit better device development, 

patient selection, and operating procedures; and generate 

hypotheses for clinical trials and studies that will 

improve clinical outcomes.

Interagency

New Initiative

Understanding and Promoting Health Literacy

The purpose of this PA is to increase scientific understanding of the nature of health literacy and its relationship to healthy behaviors, illness prevention and 

treatment, chronic disease management, health disparities, risk assessment of environmental factors, and health 

outcomes. Such knowledge will enable health care and 

public health systems to serve individuals and populations more effectively and to employ strategies that 

reduce health disparities in the population.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

63

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council

Structure

Chair: Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D., Director, 

NHLBI

Executive Secretary: Deborah P. Beebe, Ph.D., 

Director, Division of Extramural Affairs, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–435–0260 

The Secretary of Health and Human Services 

(HHS) appoints 18 members: 12 members are 

leading representatives of the health and scientific 

disciplines (including public health and behavioral 

or social sciences), and 6 are from the general public 

and are leaders in the fields of public policy, law, 

health policy, economics, and management. 

Members are appointed for overlapping terms of 

4 years. 

The Council includes the following ex officio 

members: 

• Secretary, HHS 

• Director, NIH 

• Director, NHLBI 

• Chief Medical Director, or Designee, Veterans 

Affairs 

• Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health 

Affairs, or Designee. 

Functions 

The NHLBAC reviews applications for research 

grants, cooperative agreements, and training grants 

in heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; 

sleep disorders; and blood resources, and recommends scientific projects that merit support to the 

Director, NHLBI. 

The Council advises the Secretary, HHS, the 

Assistant Secretary for Health, HHS, and the Directors, NIH and NHLBI, on matters relating to causes, 

prevention, and methods of diagnosis and treatment 

of diseases and resources within the purview of the 

Institute. As stated in its charter, the Council also 

“may review any grant, contract, or cooperative 

agreement proposed to be made or entered into by 

the Institute; may make recommendations to the 

Director of the Institute respecting research conducted at the Institute; may collect, by correspondence or by personal investigation, information as to 

studies that are being carried on in the United States 

or any other country with respect to the cause, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of heart, blood 

vessel, lung, and blood diseases, and to the use of 

blood and blood products and the management of 

blood resources and with the approval of the Director of the Institute, make available such information 

through appropriate publications for the benefit of 

public and private health entities and health professions personnel and scientists and for the information of the general public; and may appoint 

subcommittees and convene workshops and 

conferences.” 

The Council may also make recommendations to 

the Director, NIH and other authorized officials 

regarding the acceptance of conditional gifts pursuant to section 2501 of the Public Health Service Act. 

Meetings 

The Chair convenes meetings not fewer than four 

times a year and approves the agenda. 

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

64

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council Membership* 

Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D. 

Chair 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Gordon R. Bernard, M.D. (2006)

Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Roberto Bolli, M.D. (2007)

University of Louisville

Richard C. Boucher, Jr., M.D. (2007)

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Maria R. Costanzo, M.D. (2006)

Edward Heart Hospital

Kim A. Eagle, M.D. (2006)

University of Michigan

Charles T. Esmon, Ph.D. (2008)

Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation

Frances C. Henderson, Ed.D. (2006)

Alcorn State University

Katherine A. High, M.D. (2008)

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Hoxi J. Jones (2008)

Texas Health and Human Services Commission

Robert F. Lemanske, Jr., M.D. (2007)

University of Wisconsin Hospital

Robert J. Mason, M.D. (2005)

National Jewish Medical and Research Center

Jeffrey McCullough, M.D. (2008)

University of Minnesota

Jane W. Newburger, M.D. (2005)

Children’s Hospital Boston

Ngai X. Nguyen, M.D. (2006)

Private Practitioner

George Thomas, M.D. (2005)

Bradenton Cardiology Center 

Linda V. Van Horn, Ph.D. (2005)

Northwestern University Medical School

Patricia W. Wahl, Ph.D. (2008)

University of Washington

Ex Officio Members 

Robert L. Jesse, M.D., Ph.D.

McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Michael O. Leavett

Department of Health and Human Services

Cdr. Richard T. Mahon, M.D.

Naval Medical Research Center

Elias A. Zerhouni, Jr., M.D. 

National Institutes of Health 

* Current as of October 2005. The current roster, containing full addresses for the NHLBI Advisory Council and Committees, can be 

obtained from the Internet at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/nhlbac/roster.htm.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

65

Program Advisory and Review Committee 

Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee 

Chair: Theodore Wun, M.D., University of 

California, Davis Cancer Center 

Executive Secretary: Robert B. Moore, Ph.D., 

Health Scientist Administrator, Division of Blood 

Diseases and Resources, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0050 

The Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee advises 

the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HHS and the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the 

DBDR on matters related to the Sickle Cell Disease 

Program and makes recommendations concerning 

planning, execution, and evaluation of all aspects of the 

program. 

Membership* 

Floyd D. Armstrong, Ph.D. (2008)

University of Miami School of Medicine

Michael R. DeBaun, M.D. (2007)

Washington University School of Medicine

Paul S. Frenette, M.D. (2006) 

Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Johnson Haynes, Jr., M.D. (2007) 

University of South Alabama College of Medicine

Frans A. Kuypers, Ph.D. (2008)

Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute

Shirley Miller (2008)

Children’s Medical Center of Dallas

Dorothy C. Moore, M.D. (2007) 

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey

Eugene P. Orringer, M.D. (2008)

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Russell E. Ware, M.D., Ph.D. (2006)

St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Ex Officio Members 

Joseph Desimone, Ph.D. 

Department of Veterans Administration, Chicago

William H. Hannon, Ph.D. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

Marie Y. Mann, M.D. 

Health Resources and Services Administration

Robert L. Sheffler, M.D. 

Tripler Army Medical Center

Elias A. Zerhouni, Jr., M.D.

National Institutes of Health

Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board 

Chair: Stuart F. Quan, M.D., University of Arizona 

College of Medicine 

Executive Secretary: Carl E. Hunt, M.D., Director, 

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–435–0199 

The Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board advises 

the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the National 

Center on Sleep Disorders Research on matters related to 

the scientific activities carried out by and through the 

Center and policies regarding such activities, including 

the identification of research priorities for coordination 

of sleep and sleep disorders research by the NIH and 

other Federal, professional, and voluntary organizations. 

Membership* 

Sheila C. Connolly, R.N. (2007)

Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation

Julianne Hill (2009)

Worldwide Skur, Inc.

Elizabeth M. Johns (2008)

Patient Advocate for Sleep-Disordered Breathing

* Current as of October 2005. 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

66

Kathryn A. Lee, Ph.D. (2006)

University of California, San Francisco

Rafael Pelayo, M.D. (2006)

Stanford University

Gina R. Poe, Ph.D. (2007)

University of Michigan Medical Center

Susan Redline, M.D. (2006)

Case Western Reserve University

Howard P. Roffwarg, M.D. (2009)

University of Mississippi Medical Center

Michael J. Sateia, M.D. (2006)

Dartmouth Medical School

Michael H. Smolensky, Ph.D. (2008)

University of Texas

Lorraine L. Wearley, Ph.D. (2007)

Lorraine Wearley Consulting, LLC

Phyllis C. Zee, M.D., Ph.D. (2009)

Northwestern University Medical School

Ex Officio Members 

Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D.

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health

Cristina Beato, M.D.

Department of Health and Human Services

Robert W. Greene, M.D., Ph.D.

Veterans Administration, North Texas Medical Center 

Carl E. Hunt, M.D.

NCSDR, National Institutes of Health

Merrill M. Mitler, Ph.D.

NINDS, National Institutes of Health

Andrew Monjan, Ph.D.

NIA, National Institutes of Health

Marian Willinger, Ph.D.

NICHD, National Institutes of Health

Elias A. Zerhouni, Jr., M.D.

National Institutes of Health

Heart, Lung, and Blood Initial Review Group 

Scientific Review Administrator: Jeffery H. Hurst, 

Ph.D., Health Science Administrator, Division of 

Extramural Affairs, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0303 

The Heart, Lung, and Blood Initial Review Group 

provides initial technical merit review for the NHLBAC 

and the Director, NHLBI. This group consists of two 

subcommittees: the Heart, Lung, and Blood Program 

Project Review Committee and the Clinical Trials 

Review Committee. 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review 

Committee 

Chair: Roy L. Silverstein, M.D., Cleveland Clinic 

Foundation 

Scientific Review Administrator: Jeffery H. Hurst, 

Ph.D., Health Scientist Administrator, Division of 

Extramural Affairs, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0303 

The Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review 

Committee provides initial technical merit review for the 

NHLBAC and the Director, NHLBI on program project 

applications proposing research in the areas of heart, 

lung, and blood diseases and resources. 

Membership* 

Edward Abraham, M.D. (2009)

University of Colorado Health Sciences Center

Louis J. Dell’Italia, M.D. (2008) 

University of Alabama

Jeffrey J. Fredberg, Ph.D. (2006) 

Harvard University 

* Current as of October 2005. 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

67

Kathy K. Griendling, Ph.D. (2008)

Emory University

Joseph R. Haywood, Ph.D. (2007)

Michigan State University

Timothy T. Hla, Ph.D. (2008)

University of Connecticut School of Medicine

Sriram Krishnaswamy, Ph.D. (2009)

Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Renee C. LeBoeuf, Ph.D. (2007) 

University of Washington School of Medicine 

Brooke T. Mossman, Ph.D. (2006) 

University of Vermont College of Medicine

Diane J. Nugent, M.D. (2009)

Children’s Hospital of Orange County

Jose M. Ordovas, Ph.D. (2007) 

Tufts University 

Bruce R. Pitt, Ph.D. (2009)

Universitiy of Pittsburgh

Donna Przepiorka, M.D., Ph.D. (2007) 

University of Tennessee College of Medicine

Howard A. Rockman, M.D. (2008) 

Duke University Medical Center 

Susan S. Smyth, M.D., Ph.D. (2009)

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Julian Solway, M.D. (2006) 

University of Chicago 

Michiko Watanabe, Ph.D. (2006) 

Case Western Reserve University 

Clinical Trials Review Committee 

Chair: James E. Fish, M.D., Aventis Pharmaceuticals 

Scientific Review Administrator: Patricia A. 

Haggerty, Ph.D., Health Science Administrator, Division 

of Extramural Affairs, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0288 

The Clinical Trials Review Committee provides initial 

technical merit review for the National Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Advisory Council and the Director of the NHLBI 

on clinical trial applications for the support of studies to 

evaluate preventive or therapeutic measures of blood, 

cardiovascular, or lung diseases. 

Membership* 

Shelly L. Carter, Sc.D. (2006)

The EMMES Corporation

John E. Connett, Ph.D. (2007)

University of Minnesota

Robert M. Elashoff, Ph.D. (2007)

University of California, Los Angeles

Judith S. Hochman, M.D. (2006)

New York University School of Medicine

Ileana L. Pina, M.D. (2007)

Case Western Reserve University

Lynda H. Powell, Ph.D. (2007)

Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center

David M. Reboussin, Ph.D. (2006)

Wake Forest University School of Medicine

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Special Emphasis Panel 

The Institute has established the NHLBI SEP to 

perform initial peer review of applications and proposals 

that were previously handled by ad hoc committees. 

Concept review, previously handled by divisional 

program advisory committees, has also been 

incorporated into the SEP system. The SEP, which has 

neither a fixed membership nor a set meeting schedule, is 

constituted to provide required peer review expertise at 

precisely the time that it is needed. 

Board of Scientific Counselors 

Chair: Pamela B. Davis, M.D., Case Western 

Reserve University 

* Current as of October 2005. 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

68

Executive Secretary: Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D., 

Director, Laboratory Research Program, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–496–2116 

The Board of Scientific Counselors advises the 

Director and the Deputy Director for Intramural 

Research, NIH, and the Directors of NHLBI and the 

Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, on the 

intramural research programs of the NHLBI. 

Membership* 

Ivor J. Benjamin, M.D. (2007)

University of Utah Health Sciences Center

Nancy Berliner, M.D. (2007)

Yale University School of Medicine

Nelson J. Chao, M.D. (2006)

Duke University Medical Center

Kevin J. Foskett, Ph.D. (2006)

University of Pennsylvania

Elizabeth M. McNally, M.D., Ph.D. (2010)

University of Chicago

Gary K. Owens, M.D., Ph.D. (2010)

University of Virginia School of Medicine

Edwin W. Taylor, Ph.D. (2009)

University of Chicago

Sally E. Wenzel-Morganroth, M.D. (2007)

National Jewish and Medical Research Center

Stephen G. Young, M.D. (2006)

University of California, Los Angeles

* Current as of October 2005. 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

69

NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005

* Excludes funds provided by other agencies by means of a reimbursable agreement.

† Includes $74,240 for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants/Small Business Technology Transfer Grants (STTR).

‡ Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

§ Excludes OD and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.

NHLBI Total Obligations NHLBI Extramural NHLBI Extramural

by Budget Category Obligations by Program Obligations by Division

* Includes Heart and Vascular Diseases and Epidemiology and Clinical Applications.

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars*

(Thousands)

Percent of Total 

NHLBI Budget

Research Project Grants† $2,042,050 69.9%

SCORs/SCCORs 124,366 4.3

Sickle Cell Centers 24,314 0.8

Centers for AIDS Research 2,815 0.1

Other Research Grants 116,713 4.0

Research Careers Programs‡ 71,018 2.4

Training Programs 88,346 3.0

Research and Development Contracts 268,573 9.2

Intramural Laboratory and Clinical Research 166,345 5.7

Research Management and Support§ 89,051 3.0

Research Facilities Construction Grants — —

Total Obligations $2,922,573 100%

For detailed data on FY 2005:

• Research grants, see Chapters 9 and 11

• Research and development contracts, see Chapters 10 and 11

• Research training and career development, see Chapter 13

• Geographic distribution of awards, see Chapter 14.

7. Fiscal Year 2005 Budget Overview

Heart and 

Vascular 

Diseases

47.8%

Lung Diseases

21.7% Blood Diseases 

and Resources

16.5%

Epidemiology 

and Clinical 

Applications

10.8%

Sleep Disorders 

Research

1.9%

Women's 

Health Initiative

1.4%

Blood Diseases 

and Resources

16.5% Lung Diseases

21.7%

Sleep Disorders 

Research

1.9%

Heart and 

Vascular 

Diseases*

58.6%

Women's 

Health Initiative

1.4%

Women's 

Health Initiative

1.3%

Heart and 

Vascular 

Diseases*

53.4%

Sleep Disorders 

Research

1.7%

Research 

Management 

Support

3.0% Lung Diseases

19.8%

Intramural 

Laboratory and 

Clinical 

Research

5.7% Blood Diseases 

and Resources

15.0%
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

70

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2005

* Includes Heart and Vascular Diseases and Epidemiology and Clinical Applications.

NHLBI Heart and Vascular Diseases Program*

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005

* Includes Heart and Vascular Diseases only.

† Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

NHLBI Epidemiology and Clinical Applications Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Program

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of NHLBI 

Extramural Budget

Heart and Vascular Diseases* $1,561,843 58.6%

Lung Diseases 578,241 21.7

Blood Diseases and Resources 439,489 16.5

Sleep Disorders Research 49,778 1.9

Women’s Health Initiative 37,826 1.4

Total, Extramural Obligations $2,667,177 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $1,020,558 80.1%

SCORs/SCCORs 51,093 4.0

Other Research Grants 38,948 3.1

Research Career Programs† 30,499 2.4

Training Programs 45,952 3.6

Research and Development Contracts 117,792 9.2

Total, Heart and Vascular Diseases $1,274,343 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $210,280 73.1%

SCORs/SCCORs — —

Other Research Grants 6,704 2.3

Research Career Programs* 5,299 1.8

Training Programs 6,338 2.2

Research and Development Contracts 64,178 22.3

Total, Epidemiology and Clinical Applications $287,500 100%
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

71

NHLBI Lung Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research Program

Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $440,828 76.2%

SCORs/SCCORs 44,435 7.7

Other Research Grants 50,799 8.8

Research Career Programs* 22,148 3.8

Training Programs 21,233 3.7

Research and Development Contracts 20,946 3.6

Total, Lung Diseases $578,241 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $330,166 75.1%

SCORs/SCCORs 22,630 5.1

Sickle Cell Centers 24,314 5.5

Centers for AIDS Research 2,815 0.6

Other Research Grants 18,641 4.2

Research Career Programs* 11,451 2.6

Training Programs 13,092 3.0

Research and Development Contracts 27,831 6.3

Total, Blood Diseases and Resources $439,489 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $40,218 80.8%

SCORs/SCCORs 6,208 12.5

Other Research Grants 1,621 3.3

Research Career Programs* 1,621 3.3

Training Programs 1,731 3.5

Research and Development Contracts — —

Total, Sleep Disorders Research $49,778 100%
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

72

Women’s Health Initiative

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $ — — %

SCORs/SCCORs — —

Other Research Grants — —

Research Career Programs* — —

Training Programs — —

Research and Development Contracts 37,826 100

Total, Women’s Health Initiative $37,826 100%
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

73

 Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2005

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal 

Year

Budget Estimate to 

Congress

House 

Allowance

Senate 

Allowance Appropriation Obligations

Cumulative Fiscal 

Year Obligations

1950 $ 34,630 $ 11,575 $ 29,117 $ 16,075 $ 15,768 $ 15,768

1951 8,800 8,800 9,400 9,400 8,497 24,265

1952 10,237 10,074 10,156 10,083 9,850 34,115

1953 9,779 9,623 12,000 12,000 11,398 45,513

1954 11,040 12,000 15,418 15,168 14,952 60,465

1955 14,570 16,168 17,168 16,668 16,595 77,060

1956 17,454 17,398 23,976 18,808 18,838 95,898

1957 22,106 25,106 33,396 33,396 32,392 128,290

1958 33,436 33,436 38,784 35,936 35,973 164,263

1959 34,820 36,212 49,529 45,613 45,468 209,731

1960 45,594 52,744 89,500 62,237 61,565 271,296

1961 63,162 71,762 125,166 86,900 86,239 357,535

1962 97,073 105,723 160,000 132,912 110,849 468,384

1963 126,898 143,398 149,498 147,398 120,597 588,981

1964 130,108 129,325 130,545 132,404 117,551 706,532

1965 125,640 124,521 125,171 124,824 124,412 830,944

1966 141,412 146,212 143,462 141,462 141,171 972,115

1967 148,407 154,770 164,770 164,770 164,342 1,136,457

1968 167,954 167,954 177,954 167,954 162,134 1,298,591

1969 169,735 164,120 172,120 166,928 161,834 1,460,425

1970 160,513 160,513 182,000 171,257 160,433 1,620,858

1971 171,747 178,479 203,479 194,901 194,826 1,815,684

1972 195,492 211,624 252,590 232,627 232,577 2,048,261

1973 255,280 300,000 350,000 300,000 255,722 2,303,983

1974 265,000 281,415 320,000 302,915 327,270 2,631,253

1975 309,299 321,196 330,000 327,996 327,953 2,959,206

1976 324,934 329,079 379,059 370,096 368,648 3,327,854

TQA 59,715 58,015 58,015 58,763 60,639 3,388,493

1977 342,855 380,661 420,661 396,661 396,857 3,785,350

1978 403,642 432,642 456,000 447,901 447,968 4,233,318

1979 454,336 485,584 485,584 510,134 510,080 4,743,398

1980 507,344 527,544 527,544 527,544 527,248 5,270,646

1981 532,799 560,264 565,264 549,693 550,072 5,820,718

1982 579,602 583,831 587,741 559,637 559,800 6,380,518

1983 577,143 620,947 624,542 624,259 624,260 7,004,778

1984 639,774 665,859 683,489 704,939 705,064 7,709,842

1985 718,852 764,135 807,149 805,269 803,810 8,513,652

1986 775,254 856,388 863,652 859,239 821,901 9,335,553

1987 785,697 921,410 921,502 930,001 929,982 10,265,535

1988 821,887 990,808 1,000,349 965,536 965,283 11,230,818

1989 1,054,503 1,018,983 1,056,003 1,045,985 1,045,508 12,276,326

1990 1,039,846 1,090,930 1,091,597 1,072,354 1,070,683 13,347,009

1991 1,112,502 1,135,589 1,137,235 1,126,942 1,125,915 14,472,924

1992 1,209,924 1,202,398 1,190,396 1,191,500 1,190,070 15,662,994

1993 1,245,396 1,228,455 1,228,455 1,214,693 1,214,693 16,877,687

1994 1,198,402 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,852 18,155,539

1995 1,266,961 1,259,590 1,259,590 1,258,472 1,314,969 19,470,508

1996 1,337,021 1,355,866 1,320,254B 1,355,866 1,351,422C 20,821,930

1997 1,320,555D 1,438,265 1,344,742D 1,432,529E 1,431,821 22,253,751

1998 1,467,189 1,513,004 1,531,898 1,531,061F 1,526,276 23,780,027

1999 1,709,328G 1,720,344 1,793,697 1,793,697F 1,788,008 25,568,035

2000 1,759,806 1,937,404 2,001,185 2,040,291 2,027,286 27,595,321

2001 2,069,582 2,328,102 2,328,105 2,299,866 2,298,035 29,893,356

2002 2,567,429 2,547,675 2,618,966 2,576,125I 2,569,794 32,463,150

2003 2,791,411 2,812,011 2,818,684 2,812,011J 2,793,681 35,256,831

2004 2,867,995 2,867,995 2,897,595 2,882,715 2,882,601 38,139,432

2005 2,963,953 2,963,953 2,985,900 2,965,453 2,922,573 L 41,062,005

8. Long-Term Trends

A TQ=Transition Quarter, July 1–September 30, 1976.

B Senate Allowance reflects the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission 

and the HHS rescission.

C Obligations reflect the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission, the 

HHS rescission, and a transfer to other NIH Institutes through the NIH Director’s 

1 percent transfer authority.

D Excludes funds for AIDS research activities consolidated in the NIH Office of 

AIDS Research (OAR).

E Excludes enacted administrative reduction.

F Excludes Director transfer, Secretary transfer, and rescission.

G Includes Bioterrorism reduction.

H Excludes Office of Human Research Protection transfer, Secretary 

transfer, and rescission.

I Excludes Government-wide rescission, Labor/HHS/Education rescission, from 

HHS to OMB rescission, and Secretary 1 percent transfer.

J Excludes Government-wide rescission.

K Includes Roadmap adjustments.

L Includes Roadmap Transfer and Government-wide rescission.

H

F

K
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

74

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Current Dollars

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Constant 1995 Dollars

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Sleep Disorders 

Research

Women's Health 

Initiative

Intramural 

Research

Research Management 

and Support (RMS)

Dollars in Millions

Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Sleep Disorders

Research

Women’s Health

Initiative

Intramural

Research

Research Management

and Support 

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Sleep Disorders 

Research

Women’s Health 

Initiative

Intramural 

Research

Research Management

and Support (RMS)

Dollars in Millions

Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Sleep Disorders

Research

Women’s Health

Initiative

Intramural

Research

Research Management

and Support 

Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

75

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

This table is based on the Biomedical Research & Development Price Index through 2005.

Current Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Extramural Research

Heart $ 668.9 $ 692.8 $ 737.9 $ 795.6 $ 898.0 $1,058.0 $1,186.6 $1,353.4 $1,475.6 $1,545.9 $1,561.8

Lung 243.0 261.9 273.4 281.7 346.2 380.4 444.0 490.5 541.1 544.1 578.3

Blood 244.6 224.3 242.7 257.5 266.1 305.9 364.0 396.0 419.3 429.2 439.5

Sleep Disorders 

Research

— 15.9 18.7 22.3 31.2 35.1 37.0 44.7 49.4 51.9 49.9

Women’s Health 

Initiative

— — — — 63.1 57.7 59.2 59.0 63.2 58.8 37.8

Intramural Research 98.9 101.8 104.4 111.6 119.5 122.3 133.7 146.7 157.8 164.2 166.3

Research Management 

and Support

59.5 54.8 54.6 57.6 63.9 67.9 73.5 79.4 87.3 88.5 89.0

Total $1,314.9 $1,351.5 $1,431.7 $1,526.3 $1,788.0 $2,027.3 $2,298.0 $2,569.8 $2,793.7 $2,882.6 $2,922.6

Constant 1995 Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Extramural Research

Heart $ 622.2 $ 628.7 $ 651.3 $ 679.4 $ 739.1 $ 835.0 $ 898.9 $ 989.3 $1,045.8 $1,080.6 $1,165.5

Lung 226.0 237.7 241.3 240.6 284.9 300.2 336.4 358.6 383.5 380.3 431.6

Blood 227.5 203.5 214.2 219.9 219.0 241.4 275.8 289.5 297.2 300.0 328.0

Sleep Disorders 

Research

— 14.4 16.5 19.0 25.7 27.7 28.0 32.7 35.0 36.3 37.2

Women’s Health 

Initiative

— — — — 51.9 45.5 44.8 43.2 44.8 41.1 28.2

Intramural Research 92.0 92.4 92.1 95.3 98.4 96.5 101.3 107.2 111.8 114.8 124.1

Research Management 

and Support

55.3 49.7 48.2 49.2 52.6 53.6 55.7 58.0 61.9 61.9 66.4

Total $1,223.0 $1,226.4 $1,263.6 $1,303.4 $1,471.6 $1,599.9 $1,740.9 $1,878.5 $1,980.0 $2,015.0 $2,181.0
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

76

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

* Includes Research Career Programs.

† Excludes Office of the Director and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

* Full-time equivalents.

Current Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Research Grants* $ 982.6 $1,025.4 $1,100.9 $1,189.8 $1,346.6 $1,570.5 $1,796.9 $2,006.2 $2,172.3 $2,257.3 $2,310.2

Research and Development (R&D) Contracts125.9 120.9 121.9 116.7 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6

Training Programs 48.0 48.5 49.8 50.6 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.1 88.4

Intramural Research and 

Research Management 

and Support†

158.4 156.6 159.1 169.2 183.4 190.1 207.3 226.1 245.1 252.7 255.4

Total $1,314.9 $1,351.4 $1,431.7 $1,526.3 $1,788.0 $2,027.3 $2,298.0 $2,569.8 $2,793.7 $2,882.6 $2,922.6

Fiscal Year

Staff 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

FTEs* 822 834 829 840 847 865 868 880 880 861 796

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Research G rants

R esearch and D evelopm ent

(R &D) Contracts

Training P rogram s

Intram ural R esearch and

Research M anagem ent and

Support (R M S)+

Dollars in Millions

Research Grants

Research and

Development (R&D)

Contracts

Training Programs

Intramural Research

and Research

Management and

Support 

Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

77

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

* Includes Research Career Programs.

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 1995–2005

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Investigator-Initiated

G rants*

Institute-Initiated

Awards (G rants and

R &D C ontracts)

Percent of Extramural Funds

Investigator-Initiated

Grants*

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)

Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

0

10

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)

Grants

R&D Contracts

Percent of Extramural Funds

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)

Grants

R&D Contracts

Year Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

78

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

* Includes all R18s.

† Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs), and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

* Includes all R18s.

† Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs), and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* $ 719.0 $ 779.0 $ 830.3 $ 930.5 $1,022.2 $1,187.4 $1,388.8 $1,521.4 $1,616.1 $1,716.8 $1,747.2

Research Career Programs 31.7 33.8 33.9 36.1 47.7 54.2 57.5 63.5 65.8 67.8 71.0

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards 750.7 812.8 864.2 966.6 1,069.9 1,241.6 1,446.3 1,584.9 1,681.9 1,784.6 1,818.2

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 231.9 216.8 236.8 223.2 276.7 328.9 350.7 421.3 490.4 472.5 492.1

 Centers† 107.0 106.7 108.7 114.4 119.9 123.8 127.2 128.2 138.9 140.6 151.5

R&D Contracts (RFP) 125.9 116.7 121.9 116.7 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated 

Awards 357.8 333.5 358.7 339.9 473.9 530.2 570.8 679.6 780.9 758.0 760.7

Training

Individual Awards 7.1 7.3 6.8 7.6 9.2 8.9 8.9 9.5 8.6 8.8 9.7

Institutional Awards 40.9 41.2 43.0 43.0 51.6 56.5 64.8 69.7 77.2 78.4 78.7

Subtotal, Training 48.0 48.5 49.8 50.6 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.2 88.4

Total, Extramural $1,156.5 $1,194.8 $1,272.7 $1,357.1 $1,604.6 $1,837.2 $2,090.8 $2,343.7 $2,548.6 $2,629.8 $2,667.3

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* 62.2% 65.2% 65.2% 68.6% 63.7% 64.6% 66.4% 64.9% 63.4% 65.3% 65.5%

Research Career Programs 

(K04, K06)

2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards

64.9 68.0 67.9 71.2 66.7 67.6 69.2 67.6 66.0 67.9 68.2

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 20.1 18.1 18.6 16.4 17.2 17.9 16.8 18.0 19.2 18.0 18.4

 Centers† 9.3 8.9 8.5 8.4 7.5 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.7

R&D Contracts (RFP) 10.9 9.8 9.6 8.6 12.3 11.0 10.5 11.0 11.4 10.9 10.1

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated Awards 30.9 27.9 28.2 25.0 29.5 28.9 27.3 29.0 30.6 28.8 28.5

Training

Individual Awards 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4

Institutional Awards 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

Subtotal, Training 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

79

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Research Grants* $ 875.7 $ 918.7 $ 992.3 $1,075.4 $1,226.7 $1,446.7 $1,669.8 $1,878.0 $2,033.4 $2,116.6 $2,158.8

Centers 107.0 106.7 108.7 114.4 119.9 123.8 127.2 128.2 138.9 140.6 151.5

R&D Contracts 125.9 120.9 121.9 116.7 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6

Research Training 48.0 48.5 49.8 50.6 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.1 88.4

Total, Extramural $1,156.6 $1,194.8 $1,272.7 $1,357.1 $1,604.6 $1,837.2 $2,090.8 $2,343.7 $2,548.6 $2,629.8 $2,667.3

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts 

Research Training

Dollars in Millions

Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts

Research Training

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

80

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Research Grants* 75.7% 76.9% 78.0% 79.2% 76.4% 78.7% 79.9% 80.1% 79.8% 80.5% 80.9%

Centers 9.3 8.9 8.5 8.4 7.5 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.7

R&D Contracts 10.9 10.1 9.6 8.6 12.3 11.0 10.5 11.0 11.4 10.9 10.1

Research Training 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding

Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts 

Research Training

Percent of Extramural Funds

Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts

Research Training

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

81

Other 

Research 

Grants

2.0%

Research 

Career 

Programs

3.1%

Research 

Centers 

Grants

6.6% Research 

Project Grants

88.4%

Other Research

Grants

2.0%

Research

Centers Grants

6.6%

Research

Career Programs

3.1%

Research

Project Grants

88.4%

9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2005

NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category

Number of 

Grants

Total Cost 

(Dollars in 

Thousands)

Percent of Total 

NHLBI Research 

Grant Dollars

Research Project Grants (RPGs)

Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs)

Regular Research Grants (R01) 3,376 1,328,733 57.51%

Small Research Grants (R03) 1 73 0.00

Program Project Grants (P01) 195 380,358 16.46

Cooperative Agreements (U01) 221 203,546 8.81

Area Grants (R15) 21 4,201 0.18

Explorative Developmental Grant (R21) 107 20,232 0.88

Method to Extend Research in Time (R37) 77 30,667 1.33

Subtotal, Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs) 3,998 1,967,810 85.17

Small Business Research Project Grants

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase I) (R41) 25 4,212 0.18

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase II) (R42) 13 5,291 0.23

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase I) (R43) 90 14,017 0.61

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase II) (R44) 104 50,220 2.17

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Cooperative Agreements (U44) — 500 0.02

Subtotal, Small Business Research Project Grants 232 74,240 3.19

Subtotal, Research Project Grants 4,230 2,042,050 88.37

Research Center Grants 

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) 52 115,730 5.01

Animal Model and Animal and Biological Material Resource Grants (P40) — 125 0.01

Sickle Cell Centers (U54) 12 24,314 1.05

Center for AIDS Research (P30) — 2,815 0.12

Specialized Centers (Cooperative Agreements) (U54) 5 8,186 0.35

National Swine Research and Resource Center (U42) — 325 0.01

Subtotal, Research Center Grants 69 151,495 6.56

Research Career Programs 

Mentored Research Development Award for Minority Faculty (K01) 45 6,088 0.26

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Award (K01) 4 588 0.03

Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research Ethics (K01) 3 355 0.02

Independent Scientist Award (K02) 32 3,218 0.14

Research Career Award (K06) 1 34 0.00

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities Academic Award (K07) 14 1,620 0.07

Clinical Investigator Scientist Award (K08) 239 30,429 1.32

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research (K18) 3 512 0.02

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23) 127 17,086 0.74

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24) 32 3,929 0.17

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (K25) 17 2,206 0.10

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (K30) — 4,589 0.20

Career Transition Award (K22) 2 364 0.02

Subtotal, Research Career Programs 519 71,018 3.08

Other Research Grants

Cooperative Clinical Research (U10, R10) 38 26,295 1.14

Minority Biomedical Research Support (S06, S14, R25) — 2,846 0.12

Other (R09, R13, R18, R24, R25, T15, U09, U24, UH1) 98 16,554 0.72

Subtotal, Other Research Grants 136 45,695 1.98

Total, NHLBI Research Grants 4,954 $2,310,258 100%
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

82

NHLBI Research Project Grant,* Research Centers Grant, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1995–2005

NHLBI Research Project Grant,* Research Centers Grant, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1995–2005

* Includes R01, R03, U01, P01, R37, R41, R43, and R44; R29 in 1994–2002; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 and R42 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 

beginning in 2001.

† Includes Research Career Programs; excludes General Research Support Grants.

‡ Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessment of $4,435,000.

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Research 

Project 

Grants*

$ 819,674 $ 862,027 $ 935,322 $1,009,152 $1,142,473 $1,356,034 $1,580,751 $1,779,573 $1,920,201 $2,003,769 $2,042,050

Research 

Centers 

Grants

106,980 106,688 108,665 114,397 119,889 123,803 127,232 128,161 138,941 140,600 151,495

Other 

Research 

Grants†

 55,974 56,692 56,993 66,234 84,219 90,666 88,958 98,460 113,172 112,785 116,713

Total $ 982,628 $1,025,407‡ $1,100,980 $1,189,783 $1,346,581 $1,570,503 $1,796,941 $2,006,194 $2,172,314 $2,257,154 $2,310,258

Dollars in Millions

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Research Project Grants

Research Centers Grants

Other Research Grants

Dollars in Millions

Year

†

Research Project Grants

Research Centers Grants

Other Research Grants

2,200

1,600

1,200

800

400

0

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

*
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

83

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications*: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications*: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded

* Includes R01, R03, U01, P01, and R37; R29 in 1994–2002; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

† The number for applications reviewed is based on preliminary data.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005†

Applications Reviewed $710.3 $699.2 $802.1 $687.1 $867.1 $809.8 $851.7 $1,221.7 $1,262.5 $1,277.6 $1,381.0

Awarded 207.5 182.1 240.1 252.4 330.4 418.4 424.3 437.4 463.7 477.3 447.8

Dollars in Millions

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Applications Reviewed

Awarded

Dollars in Millions

Applications Reviewed

Awarded

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

400

0

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

200

600
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

84

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications*: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Number Reviewed and Awarded

Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded

* Includes R01, R03, U01, P01, and R37; R29 in 1994–2002; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

† The number of applications reviewed is based on preliminary data.

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005†

Applications Reviewed 2,744 2,605 2,771 2,657 2,704 2,893 2,895 3,064 3,098 3,548 3,865

RPGs Awarded 740 652 821 837 959 1,003 1,033 1,018 1,064 1,034 909

Success Rate (percent) 27.0 25.0 29.6 31.5 35.5 34.7 35.7 33.2 34.3 29.1 23.5

Percent

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Percent

Year

50

45

40

35

0

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

25

20

15

10

30

5

Number of Applications

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Reviewed

Awarded

Reviewed

Awarded

Number of Applications

Year

4,500

4,000

3,500

3,000

0

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

2,500

Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate)
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

85

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

* Includes R01, R03, U01, P01, R37, R41, R43, and R44; R29 in 1994–2002; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 and R42 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and 

R33 beginning in 2001.

† Includes Centers Grants and Cooperative Agreement RFAs. 

‡ Excludes Program Evaluation Assessment of $4,435,000.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Investigator-Initiated* $750.7 $ 804.1 $ 867.9 $ 966.6 $1,069.9 $1,241.6 $1,446.2 $1,584.9 $1,681.9 $1,773.4 $1,822.9

Institute-Initiated† 231.9 216.8 233.0 223.2 276.7 328.9 350.7 421.3 490.4 483.8 487.3

Total $982.6 $1,020.9‡ $1,100.9 $1,189.8 $1,346.6 $1,570.5 $1,796.9 $2,006.2 $2,172.3 $2,257.2 $2,310.2

Dollars in Millions

0

250

500

750

1,000

1,250

1,500

1,750

2,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Investigator-Initiated

Research Grants

Institute-Initiated

Research Grants

†

Dollars in Millions

Year

*

†

Investigator-Initiated

Research Grants

Institute-Initiated

Research Grants

2,000

1,750

1,500

1,250

0

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

750

500

250

1,000
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

86

NHLBI Research Project Grants*: Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 1995–2005

* Includes R01, R03, U01, P01, and R37; R29 in 1994–2002; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

Facility and Administrative (F&A)* Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants†: 

Fiscal Years 1995–2005

* Previously called Indirect Cost.

† Includes R01, R03, U01, P01, and R37; R29 in 1994–2002; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

‡ Excludes Program Evaluation Assessment of $1,216,000.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Competing

New Competing $111.1 $ 90.5 $135.8 $147.5 $ 202.0 $ 266.4 $ 280.0 $ 291.2 $285.5 $290.5 $270.0

Renewal Competing 94.5 90.4 104.0 103.9 127.2 152.0 143.9 143.9 177.2 185.5 176.1

Competing Supplements 1.9 1.2 0.3 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.4 2.3 1.0 1.3 1.7

Subtotal, Competing 207.5 182.1 240.1 252.4 330.4 419.3 424.3 437.4 463.7 477.3 447.8

Noncompeting

Subtotal, Noncompeting 588.4 649.9 662.4 721.3 770.6 889.3 1,101.5 1,281.3 1,390.3 1,454.9 1,520.0

Total, Competing and 

Noncompeting $795.9 $832.0 $902.5 $973.7 $1,101.0 $1,308.6 $1,525.8 $1,718.7 $1,854.0 $1,932.2 $1,967.8

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year Direct Cost F&A Cost† Total Cost

F&A Cost as a 

Percent of Direct Cost

1995 $ 543,502 $ 252,423 $ 795,925 46.4

1996 564,219 267,785 832,004 47.5

1997 611,576 290,915 902,491 47.6

1998 660,009 313,765 973,774 47.5

1999 764,198 336,756‡ 1,100,954 44.1

2000 891,244 417,312 1,308,556 46.8

2001 1,045,144 480,673 1,525,817 46.0

2002 1,182,408 536,324 1,718,732 45.4

2003 1,276,819 577,131 1,853,950 45.2

2004 1,329,106 603,133 1,932,239 45.4

2005 1,355,803 612,007 1,967,810 45.1

%
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

87

NHLBI Research Project Grants*: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1995–2005

NHLBI Research Project Grants*: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1995–2005

* Includes R01, R03, U01, P01, R37, R41, R43, and R44; R29 in 1994–2002; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 and R42 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and 

R33 beginning in 2001.

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Noncompeting $312.8 $317.5 $323.0 $322.6 $323.4 $346.6 $390.7 $418.8 $444.4 $458.7 $490.6

Competing 280.4 279.3 292.5 301.6 344.5 418.0 410.8 409.1 406.7 419.7 459.9

Total $303.7 $308.3 $314.2 $316.9 $329.4 $366.6 $396.1 $416.2 $433.8 $447.9 $484.8

Dollars in Thousands

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Noncompeting

Competing

Total

Dollars in Thousands

Year

Noncompeting

Competing

Total

500

450

400

350

0

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

250

200

150

100

300

50
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

88

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10) Programs

Cooperative Agreements were instituted to support discrete, circumscribed projects in areas of an investigator’s specific 

interest and competency with substantial programmatic participation by the NHLBI during performance of the activity.

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2005

Total FY 2005 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent Vascular Events $ — $ 663,376 $ 663,376

Atherosclerosis, Plaque, and CVD in Communities 4,099,685 5,145,549 9,245,234

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics 

(BARI 2D)

35,553,973 8,304,235 43,858,208

Cardiovascular Heart Study (CHS) Events Follow-up Study — 1,007,645 1,007,645

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL) 4,343,389 5,610,035 9,953,424

Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases 2,827,101 596,406 3,423,507

Claudication Exercise vs. Edoluminal Revascularization — 1,368,413 1,368,413

Coronary Revascularization in Diabetic Patients 3,663,095 4,669,362 8,332,457

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 4,714,221 741,144 5,455,365

Family Blood Pressure Program 84,838,159 3,655,901 88,494,060

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) 7,871,675 1,920,380 9,792,055

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies (GEMS) 15,098,492 2,369,517 17,468,009

Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise 

Training (HF-ACTION)

25,044,553 4,483,140 29,527,693

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial (HAT) 13,263,642 1,800,742 15,064,384

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial Metabolic Enhancement During 

Initial Assessment and Treatment in Emergency Care

5,170,411 9,513,736 14,684,147

Interaction of Genes and Environment in Shaping Risk Factors for Heart, 

Lung, Blood, and Sleep Disorders 

35,525,298 10,547,590 46,072,888

Multidisciplinary Study of Right Ventricular Dysplasia 6,252,319 1,195,224 7,447,543

NHLBI Clinical Proteomics Program — 5,103,660 5,103,660

Partnership Programs To Reduce Cardiovascular Health Disparities 6,468,544 7,202,208 13,670,752

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research Network 18,598,211 3,992,212 22,590,423

Pharmacogenetics Research Network 33,206,897 6,334,303 39,541,200

Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) 2,899,312 2,017,478 4,916,790

Primordial Prevention of Overweight in American Indian Children — 354,427 354,427

Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy 61,140,050 10,803,812 71,943,862

Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology — 6,322,873 6,322,873

Programs of Genomic Applications (PGAs) for Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases

165,782,192 14,858,305 180,640,497

Resuscitation Outcome Improvement Consortium 6,886,109 9,338,606 16,224,715

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS) 6,681,337 2,323,642 9,004,979

Strong Heart Study 46,438,304 5,300,000 51,738,304

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) 13,864,647 6,082,190 19,946,837

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) 28,202,937 5,102,829 33,305,766

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM) 8,054,488 3,098,894 11,153,382

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) 5,617,360 995,753 6,613,113

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 652,106,401 152,823,587 804,929,988

Lung Diseases

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), Phase II 16,605,558 8,667,026 25,272,584

Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities 17,269,191 5,135,604 22,404,795

Childhood Asthma Management Program–Continuation Study 

(CAMP–CS)/Phase 2

3,532,802 2,622,721 6,155,523

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network 31,398,337 5,704,202 37,102,539

Collaborative Program in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 26,302,593 5,353,412 31,656,005

COPD Clinical Research Network 13,691,750 8,437,795 22,129,545

Early Antipseudomonal Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis 1,064,237 1,047,381 2,111,618
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

89

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network — 3,486,226 3,486,226

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment 10,847,376 3,361,644 14,209,020

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis-III (PIOPED III) — 2,301,770 2,301,770

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 120,711,844 46,117,781 166,829,625

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 23,181,808 6,459,743 29,641,551

Center for Human Cell Therapy 2,837,171 2,352,572 5,179,743

Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients Undergoing Surgical Hip 

Fracture Repair (FOCUS)

3,435,202 2,922,730 6,357,932

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (SWITCH) — 3,345,345 3,345,345

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network 11,374,688 2,729,989 14,104,677

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 18,386,476 6,221,140 24,607,616

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 59,215,345 24,031,519 83,236,864

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study (APPLES) 9,354,009 3,188,172 12,542,181

Sleep Heart Health Study 18,109,357 1,494,336 19,603,693

Subtotal, National Center on Sleep Disorders Research 27,463,366 4,682,508 32,145,874

Total, NHLBI Cooperative Agreements $859,496,956 $227,655,395 $1,087,142,351

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2005

Total FY 2005 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

90

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent 

Vascular Events, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this multicenter clinical trial is to 

determine whether extended-release niacin plus simvastatin is superior to simvastatin alone for preventing or 

delaying a major CVD event in patients with atherogenic 

dyslipidemia. Niacin is used to raise HDL (“good”) cholesterol and simvastatin is used to lower LDL (“bad”) 

cholesterol. Twenty-seven percent of the population will 

be black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$663,376

Total Funding to Date—$663,376

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-081616

2. AXIO Research, LLC

Seattle, Washington —HL-081649

Atherosclerosis, Plaque, and CVD in 

Communities, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this study is to identify correlates of 

atherosclerotic plaque characteristics and early changes 

in the vascular wall in a subset of the biethnic Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Investigators will use stored DNA samples to test genomic 

correlates of plaque characteristics and their ability to 

predict coronary heart disease and stroke.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2005—$5,145,549

Fiscal Year 2004—$4,099,685

Total Funding to Date—$9,245,234

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

 1. University of Texas Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-075572

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this trial is to compare alternative 

treatment strategies for managing type 2 diabetic patients 

with angiographically proven coronary artery disease 

and stable angina or ischemia. Revascularization combined with aggressive medical anti-ischemia treatment 

will be compared to aggressive medical anti-ischemia 

treatment alone; simultaneously, researchers will determine whether insulin-sensitizing drugs like metformin 

and the glitazones for controlling blood sugar level offer 

any survival advantage over drugs that increase insulin 

level. Twenty percent of the patients are from minority 

populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2005—$8,304,235

Fiscal Years 2000–2004—$35,553,973

Total Funding to Date—$43,854,208

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-061744

2. St. Louis University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-061746

3. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-061748

4. University of Vermont

Burlington, Vermont —HL-063804

Cardiovascular Heart Study (CHS) Events 

Follow-Up Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this project is to enhance the use of 

data and samples from the CHS during a transition 

period from the current contract-funded, NHLBIdirected program to one directed by a steering committee 

of investigators with independently acquired grants. 

During the follow-up, many of the initial exam components will be repeated and CVD events will be recorded. 

The data and specimens collected in CHS represent a 

major national resource for the study of health, aging, 

and CVD in older adults. Seventeen percent of the participants are from minority populations. 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

91

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$1,007,645

Total Funding to Date—$1,007,645

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-080295

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this trial is to determine whether revascularization of a stenotic renal artery plus medical therapy is associated with improved clinical outcomes 

compared with medical therapy alone. Thirty percent of 

the participants will be black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$5,610,035

Fiscal Year 2004—$4,343,389

Total Funding to Date—$9,953,424

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Medical College of Ohio

Toledo, Ohio —HL-071556

2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072734

3. University of Virginia

Charlottesville, Virginia —HL-072735

4. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072736

 5. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072737

Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this Center is to provide expertise, 

sources, and resources to NHLBI-supported investigators who wish to evaluate viral and nonviral gene transfer strategies in nonhuman primates. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$596,406

Fiscal Years 2001–2004—$2,827,101

Total Funding to Date—$3,423,507

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —HL-069748

Claudication Exercise vs. Edoluminal 

Revascularization, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that 

a strategy of aortoiliac stenting and pharmacotherapy 

improves maximum walking duration better than a strategy of supervised rehabilitation, exercise, and pharmacotherapy for those with aortoiliac artery obstruction at 6 

months. Other objectives are to compare the two treatment groups with a third group, usual care and pharmacotherapy, at 6 months, and to compare maximum 

walking duration change scores at 18 months, changes in 

free living daily activity levels, and patient-perceived 

quality of life among all three groups.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$1,368,413

Total Funding to Date—$1,368,413

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Rhode Island Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island —HL-077221

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-081658

Coronary Revascularization in Diabetic Patients, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this clinical trial is to compare a multivessel stenting strategy using the Sirolimus-eluting 

stents with CABG in diabetic patients with multivessel 

disease. The primary outcome is the difference in mortality rates between the stent group and the CABG group 

during a 5-year period. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$4,669,362

Fiscal Year 2004—$3,663,095

Total Funding to Date—$8,332,457

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Mount Sinai School of Medicine

New York, New York —HL-071988
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

92

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary 

Intervention, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1997

This program, which complements prior NHLBI percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) 

registries and the New Approaches to Coronary Intervention Registry, is evaluating patterns of device usage, 

as well as immediate and follow-up outcomes in patients 

undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary revascularization. Results will provide guidance to the cardiology community in selecting appropriate therapies and in 

designing clinical trials to evaluate competing devices.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$741,144

Fiscal Years 1997–2004—$4,714,221

Total Funding to Date—$5,455,365

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-033292

Family Blood Pressure Program, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1995

The objectives of this program are to identify major 

genes associated with high blood pressure and to investigate the interactions between genetic and environmental 

determinants of hypertension in defined populations, 

many of which consist of specific minority groups. The 

study consists of collaborative networks that share technology, data, skills, biological materials, and population 

resources.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$3,655,901

Fiscal Years 1995–2004—$84,838,159

Total Funding to Date—$88,494,060

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-054471

2. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-054473

3. University of Texas

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-054481

4. Staub Pacific Health Foundation

Health Research Institute

Honolulu, Hawaii —HL-054498

5. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-054512

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska 

Natives (GOCADAN), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2000

The purpose of this study is to document CVD and 

CVD risk factors in approximately 40 extended families 

(1,214 members from villages in Northern Alaska). Scientists seek to identify and characterize genes that contribute to CVD in this unique and understudied 

population.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$1,920,380

Fiscal Years 2000–2004—$7,871,675

Total Funding to Date—$9,792,055

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. MedStar Research Institute 

Washington, DC —HL-064244

2. Norton Sound Health Corporation

Nome, Alaska —HL-082458

3. Southwest Foundation for 

Biomedical Research

San Antonio, Texas —HL-082490

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies 

(GEMS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The objective of this project is to develop and test 

interventions to prevent obesity by decreasing weight 

gain during the high-risk transitional period from prepuberty to puberty in black girls who are at risk for 

developing obesity. Phase 1 (developmental and pilot 

studies) was completed in FY 2002. Two sites began 

Phase 2 trials in FY 2003.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$2,369,517

Fiscal Years 1999–2004—$15,098,492

Total Funding to Date—$17,468,009
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

93

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Memphis

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-062662

2. Stanford University

Stanford, Califorinia —HL-062663

Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating 

Outcomes of Exercise (HF-ACTION), Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this trial is to determine the long-term 

safety and effectiveness of exercise training for patients 

with heart failure. Patients receiving the exercise regimen also will receive standard care and will be compared 

with patients receiving standard care alone. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$4,483,140

Fiscal Years 2002–2004—$25,044,553

Total Funding to Date—$29,527,693

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-063747

2. Case Western Reserve University

Henry Ford Health System 

Detroit, Michigan —HL-064250

3. Oregon Health & Science University

Portland, Oregon —HL-064257

4. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-064264

5. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-064265

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-066461

7. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-066482

8. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-066491

9. Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio —HL-066494

10. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-066497

11. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-066501

12. Boston Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-068973

13. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-068980

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial 

(HAT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this trial is to compare standard 

response (call 9–1–1 and give cardiopulmonary resuscitation) to sudden cardiac arrest to standard response 

augmented with automatic external defibrillator use provided by a spouse or other family member in 7,000 survivors of an anterior wall MI. The primary end point is 

mortality. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$1,800,742

Fiscal Years 2002–2004—$13,263,642

Total Funding to Date—$15,064,384

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Seattle Institute for Cardiac Research 

Seattle, Washington —HL-067972

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial 

Metabolic Enhancement During Initial 

Assessment and Treatment in Emergency Care, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to study the effects of 

early administration of glucose, insulin, and potassium 

(GIK) in reducing mortality in patients from acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients experiencing an ACS 

(including acute MI and unstable angina pectoris) will be 

treated with GIK as soon as possible in prehospital emergency medical service settings or immediately upon 

arrival for those presenting to emergency departments.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$9,513,736

Fiscal Year 2004—$5,170,411

Total Funding to Date—$14,684,147

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

 1. New England Medical Center Hospitals

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-077821

 2. New England Medical Center Hospitals

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-077822

 3. New England Medical Center Hospitals 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-077823

4. New England Medical Center Hospitals

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-077826
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

94

Interaction of Genes and Environment in 

Shaping Risk Factors for Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Diseases and Sleep Disorders, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify novel genes 

that interact with specific environmental exposures to 

modify risk factors for heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. The genetic aspects of response to 

environmental change and related biological mechanisms will be studied using short-term, focused interventions in families. Subgroups will be identified based on 

genotypes that are most likely to benefit from targeted 

environmental changes designed to reduce the development or progression of heart, lung, and blood diseases or 

sleep disorders. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$10,547,590

Fiscal Years 2002–2004—$35,525,298

Total Funding to Date—$46,072,888

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Tulane University 

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-072507

2. LSU Pennington Biomedical 

Research Center 

Baton Rouge, Louisiana —HL-072510

3. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072518

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072524

5. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072525

Multidisciplinary Study of Right Ventricular 

Dysplasia, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this multidisciplinary, multicenter 

study is to investigate the cardiac, clinical, and genetic 

aspects of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 

(ARVD). A North American ARVD registry of patients 

and their families will be established. Researchers seek 

to identify chromosomal loci and specific genetic mutations associated with this disorder.

Obligations 

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$1,195,224

Fiscal Years 2001–2004—$6,252,319

Total Funding to Date—$7,447,543

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-065594

2. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HL-065652

3. University of Rochester

Rochester, New York —HL-065691

NHLBI Clinical Proteomics Program, Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this program is to promote systematic, 

comprehensive, large-scale validation of existing and 

new candidate protein markers that are appropriate for 

routine use in the diagnosis and management of heart, 

lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders. The Program will facilitate validation of protein panels that may 

be used to predict disease susceptibility or to assist in 

differential diagnosis, disease staging, selection of individualized therapies, or monitoring of treatment 

responses. It will also establish a high-quality education 

and skills development program to ensure that scientists 

develop the expertise needed to address the complex, 

multifaceted challenges in clinical proteomics. 

Obligations 

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$5,103,660

Total Funding to Date—$5,103,660

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. Mayo Clinic

Rochester, Minnisota —HL-081331

2. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-081332

3. University of Colorado, Denver

Denver, Colorado —HL-081335

 4. Masschusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-081341

Partnership Programs To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The objectives of this study are to improve the provider and patient approaches to treatment of hypertension and diabetes, modify physician-related barriers to 

minority enrollment in clinical trials, improve patient 

adherence to treatment plans, and build sustainable 

research programs at minority-serving institutions.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

95

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$7,202,208

Fiscal Year 2004—$6,468,544

Total Funding to Date—$13,670,752

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Bon Secours Hospital Baltimore, Inc.

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-079150

 2. University of Maryland

Baltimore Professional School

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-079151

 3. Queen’s Medical Center

Honolulu, Hawaii —HL-079152

 4. Cooper Green Hospital (Birmingham)

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-079153

 5. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-079156

 6. Denver Health and Hospital Authority

Denver, Colorado —HL-079160

 7. University of Hawaii at Manoa

Honolulu, Hawaii —HL-079163

 8. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-079171

 9. University of Colorado

Health Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-079208

10. Morehouse School of Medicine

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-079214

11. Jackson Hinds Comprehensive

Health Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HL-079378

12. University of Mississippi 

Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HL-079458

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to establish a network to 

systematically evaluate candidate genes that may influence pharmacologic response to drug treatments for 

arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, and lipid disorders. Investigators seek to identify gene polymorphisms 

capable of predicting drug toxicity and efficacy. One of 

the projects has 50 percent minority participation.

Obligations 

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$6,334,303

Fiscal Years 2001–2004—$33,206,897

Total Funding to Date—$39,541,200

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-065962

2. Children’s Hospital and Research Center

at Oakland

Oakland, California —HL-069757

3. Stanford University

Stanford, California —GM-061374

Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary 

Strategies (POUNDS LOST), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2003

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of 

four diets low in saturated fat and differing in macronutrient composition on weight loss and its maintenance in 

800 overweight or obese adults. The diet consists of 

moderate fat (40 percent energy) or low fat (20 percent 

energy) with two different protein levels (15 and 25 percent). Approximately 20 percent of the participants will 

be minority.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$2,017,478

Fiscal Years 2003–2004—$2,899,312

Total Funding to Date—$4,916,790

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Harvard School of Public Health

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-073286

Primordial Prevention of Overweight in 

American Indian Children, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2005

The purpose of this study is to prevent early childhood 

overweight in American Indian children. A cohort of 

children born over an 18-month period will be randomized to either a control or intervention condition. The 

intervention comprises a community-wide intervention 

coupled with individualized family counseling to 

improve nutrition and physical activity in infants and 

toddlers. A central feature of the project is to develop 

and test culturally appropriate interventions that can be 

incorporated into clinical programs of the community 

health care systems or delivered through public health 

approaches in Native communities. 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

96

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2005—$354,427

Total Funding to Date—$354,427

Current Active Organization and Grant Number 

1. Kaiser Foundation Research Institutes

Oakland, California —HL-081624

Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of these programs is to create an environment that will enable rapid translation of preclinical 

studies in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic 

diseases into human pilot experiments. In addition, the 

programs are offering training at the interface between 

basic science and clinical application. Six national cores 

provide access to specialized services, such as generating 

vectors for clinical use, performing morphologically 

based studies, producing and processing hematopoietic 

stem cells, and performing primate transplantation 

studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2005—$10,803,812

 Fiscal Years 2000–2004—$61,140,050

Total Funding to Date—$71,943,862

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-066947

 2. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-066948

 3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-066949

 4. Weill Medical College

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-066952

 5. Weill Medical College

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-067738

Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

 The purpose of this program is to establish multidisciplinary teams to develp nanotechnology and biomolecular engineering tools and methodologies to detect and 

analyze atherosclerotic plaque formation. The program 

presents an unique opportunity for research collaboration 

and skills training by bring bioengineering and nanotechnology solutions into medicine and vice versa. 

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2005—$6,322,873

Total Funding to Date—$6,322,873

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-080711

Programs of Genomic Applications (PGAs) for 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2000

The goal of this program is to develop information, 

tools, and resources to link genes to biological function. 

Specifically, researchers seek to identify human genes 

relevant to heart, lung, blood, and sleep functions. In 

addition, the PGAs will establish training programs for 

NHLBI-supported investigators in the use of genomic 

information and technologies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$14,858,305

Fiscal Years 2000–2004—$165,782,192

Total Funding to Date—$180,640,497

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-066579

 2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-066600

3. Jackson Laboratory

Bar Harbor, Maine —HL-066611

 4. University of California

Los Angeles, California —HL-066621

 5. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-066642

6. University of California

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-066681

7. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-066682

Resuscitation Outcome Improvement 

Consortium, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to establish a resuscitation research consortium to conduct clinical research in 

the areas of cardiopulmonary arrest and traumatic injury 

leading to arrest. The consortium will enable investigators to conduct multiple collaborative trials to expedite 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

97

the translation of promising scientific and clinical 

advances to improve resuscitation outcomes.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$9,338,606

Fiscal Year 2004—$6,886,109

Total Funding to Date—$16,224,715

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-077863

2. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-077865

3. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-077866

4. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-077867

5. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-077871

6. St. Michael’s Hospital

Toronto, Ontario —HL-077872

7. Oregon Health & Science University

Portland, Oregon —HL-077873

8. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-077881

9. Ottawa Health Research Institute

Ottawa, Ontario —HL-077885

10. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-077887

11. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-077908

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study 

(SANDS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

This study will address the high incidence of cardiovascular disease in a population with a high prevalence 

of diabetes, but relatively low levels of LDL cholesterol 

and blood pressure. It will compare aggressive lowering 

of LDL cholesterol and blood pressure to the usual care 

standard. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$2,323,642

Fiscal Years 2002–2004—$6,681,337

Total Funding to Date—$9,004,979

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. MedStar Research Institute

Washington, DC —HL-067031

Strong Heart Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1988

The objectives of this study are to survey CVD morbidity and mortality rates among three geographically 

diverse groups of American Indians and to estimate their 

levels of CVD risk factors. Phases II and III of the 

cohort study extended surveillance of community mortality and assessed development of CVD and changes in 

CVD risk factors. In Phase III, investigators added a 

substudy of asthma and a pilot family study. The purpose of Phase IV is to enlarge the family study to 120 

families comprising 3,600 members to investigate 

genetic and environmental contributors of CVD.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2005—$5,300,000

Fiscal Years 1988–2004—$46,438,304

Total Funding to Date—$51,738,304

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. MedStar Research Institute

Washington, DC —HL-041642

2. Missouri Breaks Research, Inc.

Timberlake, South Dakota —HL-041652

3. University of Oklahoma

Health Sciences Center

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-041654

4. Southwest Foundation for

Biomedical Research

San Antonio, Texas —HL-065520

5. Weill Medical College of

Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-065521

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine 

whether CABG plus intensive medical therapy improves 

long-term survival of patients with heart failure and left 

ventricular (LV) dysfunction who have coronary artery 

disease amenable to surgical revascularization, compared to medical therapy alone; and to determine 

whether CABG plus surgical ventricular restoration to a 

more normal LV size improves survival free of subsequent hospitalizations of patients with anterior LV dysfunction, compared to CABG alone.

Obligations:

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$6,082,190

Fiscal Years 2002–2004—$13,864,647

Total Funding to Date—$19,946,837
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

98

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Thomas Jefferson University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-069009

2. Mayo Clinic 

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-069010

3. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069011

4. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-069012

5. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069013

6. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069015

7. University of Southern California 

Los Angeles, California —HL-072683

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this multicenter trial is to evaluate the 

effectiveness of two strategies to maintain weight loss 

for 21⁄2 years in approximately 800 overweight or obese 

adults. Individuals who are taking medication for hypertension of dyslipidemia or who are diabetic enter a 

6-month weight program. Those who lose at least 

9 pounds are randomized into one of three groups: one 

that provides monthly personal contacts with a trained 

interventionist, primarily by telephone; one that provides 

frequent contacts through an interactive Web-based program; or usual care. Forty percent of the participants 

will be black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$3,098,894

Fiscal Years 2003–2004—$8,054,488

Total Funding to Date—$11,153,382

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Center for Health Research

Portland, Oregon —HL-068676

2. Duke Hypertensive Center

Durham, North Carolina —HL-068734

3. Center for Health Research

Portland, Oregon —HL-068790

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-068920

5. LSU Pennington Biomedical 

Research Center

Baton Rouge, Louisiana —HL-068955

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to extend the follow-up of 

WISE patients to determine the incremental long-term 

prognostic value of novel testing developed in WISE, 

develop sex-specific incremental outcome models to 

evaluate the prognostic value of female reproductive 

variables, and maintain a WISE database and infrastructure to facilitate further investigations into the mechanisms underlying ischemic syndromes in women.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$995,753

Fiscal Years 2001–2004—$5,617,360

Total Funding to Date—$6,613,113

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-064829

2. University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida —HL-064924

Lung Diseases Program

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN) 

Phase II, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this study is to establish cooperative 

centers of research to reduce asthma disparities between 

whites and minorities and economically disadvantaged 

populations. The mission of the centers, comprising 

partnerships between minority-servicing medical institutions and research-intensive institutions, is to promote 

interdisciplinary investigation of factors that contribute 

to disparities in asthma, accelerate development and 

evaluation of strategies to promote effective asthma 

management among minority and economically disadvantaged populations, encourage training and career 

development for minority clinical research investigators, 

and improve the effectiveness of NHLBI-supported 

research-intensive institutions in developing and sustaining culturally appropriate research and demonstration 

activities on reducing disparities.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

99

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$5,135,604

Fiscal Years 2002–2004—$17,269,191

Total Funding to Date—$22,404,795

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Meharry Medical College 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-072431

2. Howard University 

Washington, DC —HL-072433

3. Rhode Island Hospital 

Providence, Rhode Island —HL-072438

4. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072455

5. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-072471

6. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-072478

7. Hektoen Institute for Medical Research 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-072496

8. University of Puerto Rico 

Medical Sciences 

San Juan, Puerto Rico —HL-072519

Childhood Asthma Management Program–

Continuation Study (CAMP–CS)/Phase 2, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The objectives of this observational study are to follow the original CAMP cohort for 4 more years into 

early adulthood to determine the effects of long-term 

(3.5 to 5.5 years) corticosteroid therapy, started at ages 

5 to 12, on outcomes of pulmonary function, height, 

bone density, and clinical course of asthma; 31 percent of 

the participants are from minority groups.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$2,622,721

Fiscal Years 2003–2004—$3,532,802

Total Funding to Date—$6,155,523

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-075232

2. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HL-075407

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-075408

4. Asthma, Inc.

Seattle, Washington —HL-075409

5. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-075415

6. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-075416

7. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-075417

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-075419

9. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HL-075420

Childhood Asthma Research and Education 

(CARE) Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Collaborative Program in Bronchopulmonary 

Dysplasia, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The objectives of this program are to support a multiinstitutional collaborative research effort by providing a 

well-defined model of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia to investigators, and to study mechanisms 

of lung pathobiology that underlie development of 

chronic lung disease of prematurity.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2005—$5,353,412

Fiscal Years 1999–2004—$26,302,593

Total Funding to Date—$31,656,005

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Southwest Foundation 

for Biomedical Research

San Antonio, Texas —HL-052636

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-052638

3. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-056061

4. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-056263

5. Barnes Jewish Hospital

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-063387

6. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-063397

7. University of Texas

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-063399

8. University of Rochester

Rochester, New York —HL-063400
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

100

9. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-075900

10. Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-075904

COPD Clinical Research Network, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Early Antipseudomonal Therapy in Cystic 

Fibrosis, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

 The purpose of this study is to determine a safe, 

effective, and systematic approach for treating young 

children (ages 1 to 12 years) with cystic fibrosis who are 

found to be infected with Pseudomonas aemginosa (Pa). 

The goal is to intervene with antipseudomonal therapy at 

the first isolation of Pa to delay or prevent chronic infections that lead to irreversible lung destruction. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$1,047,381

Fiscal Year 2004—$1,064,237

Total Funding to Date—$2,111,618

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

 1. Children’s Hospital

and Regional Medical Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-080310

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this project is to bring together 

research experts in asthma, epidemiology, statistics, bioinformatics, physiology, clinical trials, genetics, and 

genomics to focus on the pharmacogenetics of asthma 

treatment.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$3,361,644

Fiscal Years 2000–2004—$10,847,376

Total Funding to Date—$14,209,020

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065899

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis-III (PIOPED III), Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the pulmonary arteries in 

combination with magnetic resonance venography of the 

lower extremities for the detection of acute venous 

thromboembolic disease.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2005—$2,301,770

Total Funding to Date—$2,301,770 

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-077149

2. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-077150

3. University of Calgary

Calgary, Alberta —HL-077151

4. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-077153

5. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-077154

6. George Washington University

Washington, D.C. —HL-077155

7. St. Joseph Mercy-Oakland

Pontiac, Michigan —HL-077358

8. New York University

New York, New York —HL-081593

9. St. Joseph Mercy-Oakland

Pontiac, Michigan —HL-081594

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Center for Human Cell Therapy, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

 The purpose of this Center is to serve as a unique 

resource to facilitate the development of new cellular 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

101

therapies for a wide range of human diseases, especially 

heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$2,352,572

Fiscal Year 2004—$2,827,171 

Total Funding to Date—$5,179,743 

Current Active Organization and Grant Number 

1. CBR Institute for Biomedical Research 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074355

Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients 

Undergoing Surgical Hip Fracture Repair 

(FOCUS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this trial is to test whether a more 

aggressive transfusion strategy that maintains postoperative Hgb levels above 10 g/dl improves functional outcome in cardiovascular patients who are over age 50 and 

undergoing surgical hip fracture surgery compared to a 

more conservative strategy that withholds blood transfusion until the patient develops symptoms of anemia.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2005—$2,922,730

 Fiscal Years 2003–2004—$3,435,202

Total Funding to Date—$6,357,932

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

University of Medicine and Dentistry 

of New Jersey

Piscataway, New Jersey —HL-073958

 2. Maryland Medical Research Institute, Inc.

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-074815 

Genotypic Determinants of Aspirin Response in 

High Risk Families, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002 

The purpose of this study is to identify genes that may 

modify aspirin’s effect on platelet function and inflammatory biomarker levels in families at increased risk for 

premature coronary artery disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$3,307,112

Fiscal Years 2002–2004—$8,751,227

Total Funding to Date—$12,058,339 

Current Active Organization and Grant Number 

1. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072518

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this phase III clinical trial is to compare standard therapy (transfusions and chelation) with 

alternative therapy (hydroxyurea and phlebotomy) for 

the prevention of secondary stroke and management of 

iron overload in children with sickle cell anemia. Additional objectives include comparisons of growth and 

development, frequency of nonstroke neurological and 

other sickle-related events, and quality of life. The 

patient population will be black.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2005—$3,345,345 

Total Funding to Date—$3,345,345

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-077878 

2. Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc. 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-078987 

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy 

Study (APPLES), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 

therapy to provide significant, stable, and long-term 

neurocognitive or other benefits to patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Investigators will identify specific neurocognitive deficits associated with OSA and 

determine which ones are reversible and most sensitive 

to the effects of CPAP therapy.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

102

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$3,188,172

Fiscal Years 2002–2004—$9,354,009

Total Funding to Date—$12,542,181

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-068060

Sleep Heart Health Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1999

The purpose of this multicenter observational study is 

to determine the degree to which sleep apnea is an independent or contributing risk factor for the development of 

cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2005—$1,494,336

Fiscal Years 1999–2004—$18,109,357

Total Funding to Date—$19,603,693

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —HL-053916

2. New York University Medical Center

New York, New York —HL-053931

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-053934

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-053937

5. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-053938

6. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-053941

7. Missouri Breaks Research, Inc.

Timberlake, South Dakota —HL-063429

8. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-063463

9. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-064360

10. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-077813
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

103

NHLBI Research Centers (P50, U54, P30) Programs

Specialized Centers of Research (P50) and Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research 

(P50) Programs

The NHLBI initiated the Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) program in 1971 to encourage translational 

research—converting basic science findings to the clinic—in high priority areas. The SCOR concept emphasizes 

multidisciplinary research (i.e., basic science and clinical investigations) on diseases relevant to the Institute’s mission. 

In 2002, the NHLBI revised the SCOR program—primarily on recommendation from the NHLBAC—to place more 

emphasis on clinical research projects. The newly developed SCCOR program still requires clinical and basic scientists to work together on a unified theme, but now requires at least 50 percent of the projects to be clinical. Listed 

below is the funding history for the individual SCORs/SCCORs supported by the Institute.

Obligations (Dollars in Thousands)

Area of Concentration

Period of 

Operation

Prior to 

FY 2005 FY 2005

Total to 

Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Cardiac Dysfunction and Disease (SCCOR) 2005– $ — $ 16,497 $ 16,497

Molecular Genetics of Hypertension 1996– 82,634 10,285 92,919

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis 1997– 60,235 8,251 68,486

Pediatric Heart Development and Disease (SCCOR) 2004– 13,245 13,283 26,528

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 156,114 48,316 204,430

Lung Diseases Program

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis 1988– 58,758 3,615 62,373

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma 1996– 102,887 15,501 118,388

Pathobiology of Fibrotic Lung Disease 1997– 39,023 5,428 44,451

Pathobiology of Lung Development 1996– 62,672 7,585 70,257

Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury (SCCOR) 2003– 23,326 12,306 35,632

Subtotal, Lung Diseases Program 286,666 44,435 331,101

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders 1996– 169,832 7,594 177,426

Transfusion Biology and Medicine 1996– 62,095 3,267 65,362

Transfusion Biology and Medicine (SCCOR) 2005– — 4,400 4,400

Translational Human Stem Cell Research 2005– — 1,509 1,509

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources Program 231,927 16,770 248,697

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea 1998– 35,102 6,208 41,310

Subtotal, National Center on Sleep Disorders Research 35,102 6,208 41,310

Total, Specialized Centers of Research (P50) $709,809 $115,729 $825,532
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

104

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Cardiac Dysfunction and Disease

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research on clinically relevant questions related to 

dysfunction and disease of the myocardium. The program will enable rapid application of basic science findings to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiac 

disorders, including ischemic and other cardiomyopathies, left ventricular dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities, heart failure, and rhythm disturbances. Because 

some segments of the population disproportionately suffer from heart disease, research that addresses issues of 

health disparity will be emphasized.

Obligations 

Fiscal Year 2005—$16,497,136

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. Columbia University 

Health Science Center

New York, New York —HL-077096

2. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-077100

3. University of Cincinnati 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-077101

4. Cleveland Clinical Lerner College

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-077107

5. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-077113

Molecular Genetics of Hypertension

The purpose of this SCOR is to elucidate the etiology 

and pathogenesis of hypertension and to translate the 

knowledge into improved diagnosis and management of 

the disease.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2005—$10,285,182

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-054998

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-055000

3. Boston University Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-055001

4. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-055006

5. Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut —HL-055007

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis

The goal of this SCOR is to advance understanding of 

the etiology and pathobiology of the atherosclerotic 

lesion at the molecular level through modern methods 

and approaches of molecular medicine. Some of the subprojects have a large minority patient population.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2005—$8,251,334

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Columbia University

New York, New York —HL-056984

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-056985

3. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-056989

4. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-070128

Pediatric Heart Development and Disease 

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary collaborations so that basic research advances 

can be translated rapidly to clinical care for children with 

heart disease. Research focus ranges from the genetic 

basis of heart valve disease to clinical trials of novel surgical strategies for congenital heart disease repair and 

immune modulation in pediatric heart transplantation. 

Two of the centers will have Clinical Research Skills 

Development Cores to train fellows and junior faculty in 

clinical research methods.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2005—$13,282,825

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-074728

2. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-074731

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-074732

4. Children’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074734

Lung Diseases Program

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic 

Fibrosis

The goals of this SCOR are to investigate the basic 

mechanisms underlying cystic fibrosis, develop new 

hypotheses, and apply innovative strategies for 

approaching clinical and fundamental issues.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2005—$3,615,257
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

105

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-060280

2. University of Iowa 

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-061234

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma

The objective of this SCOR is to apply critical science 

and technology to increase understanding of cellular and 

molecular mechanisms of asthma, including those mechanisms underlying the biological impact of environmental factors.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2005—$15,501,156

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HL-056384

2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-056385

3. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-056396

4. University of Chicago 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-056399

5. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-056419

6. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-067663

7. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-067664

8. University of Arizona 

Tucson, Arizona —HL-067672

9. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HL-067674

Pathobiology of Fibrotic Lung Disease

The purpose of this SCOR is to study cellular and 

molecular mechanisms involved in transition from 

inflammatory events associated with early fibrotic disease to later processes involving wound healing, repair, 

and fibrosis.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2005—$5,427,833

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-056402

2. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —HL-067665

3. National Jewish Center for Immunology 

and Respiratory Diseases

Denver, Colorado —HL-067671

Pathobiology of Lung Development

The objective of this SCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research enabling basic science findings to be 

rapidly applied to clinical problems related to lung 

development. The program focuses on identification of 

the molecular variables involved in lung development 

and assessment of the impact of injury during critical 

periods.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2005—$7,584,895

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital Medical Center 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-056387

2. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-056401

3. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-057144

4. Children’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-067669

Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research to improve the prevention, diagnosis, 

and treatment of acute lung injury and its more severe 

form—adult respiratory distress syndrome. This program includes phase II clinical trials and studies of 

molecular mechanisms of inflammation and coagulation, 

gene and protein expression, and cell and animal models 

of lung injury.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2005—$12,305,723

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-073994

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-073996

3. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-074005

4. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-074024
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

106

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders

The purpose of this SCOR is to investigate pathogenic 

mechanisms involved in human thrombotic disease and 

to develop improved methods for its diagnosis and treatment. One of the studies has a large minority patient 

population.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2005—$7,543,875

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Mount Sinai School of Medicine

New York, New York —HL-054469

2. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-054500

3. University of Oklahoma 

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-054502

4. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HL-065967

Transfusion Biology and Medicine

The purpose of this SCOR is to foster new approaches 

for improving the availability, efficacy, safety, and 

quality of blood and blood products for therapeutic uses. 

One of the centers has a large minority population.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2005—$3,267,069

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New York Blood Center 

New York, New York —HL-054459

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-054476

Transfusion Biology and Medicine

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research on clinically relevant questions to 

enable rapid application of basic science findings to clinical problems associated with improving the availability, 

efficacy, safety, and quality of blood and blood products 

for therapeutic uses. 

Obligations 

Fiscal Year 2005—$4,400,002 

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. Puget Sound Blood Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-081015

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-081027

Translational Human Stem Cell Research

 The purpose of this SCCOR is to stimulate multidisciplinary collaboration among basic stem cell biologists, researchers, and clinicians with disease-specific 

expertise, physicians and surgeons skilled in innovative 

modes of cell delivery, and investigators experienced in 

developing and assessing animal models of human diseases to conduct hitherto-unexplored projects such as 

preclinical studies for cell-based therapy employing 

human stem cells in animal models. Research findings 

will ultimately lead to innovative approaches for the prevention, treatment, and cure of disease, and will accelerate the translation of basic scientific discoveries into new 

therapies. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2005—$1,509,262 

Current Active Organization and Grant Number 

1. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —HL-085036 

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea

The objective of this SCOR is to integrate molecular, 

cellular, and genetic approaches to sleep control with 

clinical investigations on the etiology and pathogenesis 

of sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2005—$6,208,020

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-060287

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-060292

3. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-060296
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

107

Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers (U54) Program

The Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers (CSCC) were instituted in FY 1972 to bridge the gap between research and 

service by combining basic and clinical research, clinical trials and applications training, and community service 

projects into one program. The patients recruited for the clinical studies are primarily from minority populations.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2005—$24,313,796

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital and Research Center

Oakland, California —HL-070583

2. Thomas Jefferson University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-070585

3. Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc.

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-070587

4. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-070588

5. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-070590

6. University of Southern California

Los Angeles, California —HL-070595

7. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-070596

8. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-070769

9. Boston Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-070819

10. Children’s Hospital Research Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-070871

11. Yeshiva University

New York, New York —HL-070994

Specialized Centers for Cell-Based Therapies for Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases (U54) Program 

The Specialized Centers for Cell-Based Therapies Program, which includes a Data and Coordinating Center, was initiated in FY 2005 to support preclinical and clinical studies for cell-based therapy for heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. A key feature of the program is the ability to conduct preclinical studies in the first year or two of 

the program, in order to meet the requirements for an Investigational New Drug application prior to initiating clinical 

studies. Clinical studies are expected to be initiated by the beginning of the third year.

Obligations 

Fiscal Year 2005—$6,957,161 

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HL-081007

2. EMMES Corporation 

Rockville, Maryland —HL-081021

3. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-081028

4. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-081030

Centers for AIDS Research (P30) Program

The NHLBI, along with five other NIH Institutes, contributes to the support of six Centers for AIDS Research that 

were established to provide a multidisciplinary environment that promotes basic, clinical, behavioral, and translational 

research activities in the prevention, detection, and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Almost half of the patient 

population comes from minority groups.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2005—$2,829,119
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

108

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New York University 

School of Medicine

New York, New York —AI-27742

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —AI-27757

3. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —AI-27763

4. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —AI-27767

5. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —AI-28697

6. Baylor University

Houston, Texas —AI-36211

7. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —AI-36214

8. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —AI-36219

9. University of Massachusetts 

Medical School 

Worcester, Massachusetts —AI-42845

10. Miriam Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island —AI-42853

11. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —AI-42855

12. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —AI-45008

13. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —AI-50409

14. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —AI-50410

15. Yeshiva University

New York, New York —AI-51519

16. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —AI-54907

17. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —AI-54999

18. Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts —AI-60354

19. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —AI-64518
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

109

NHLBI Research and Development Contract Obligations*: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

* For detailed data on contract-supported clinical trials, see Chapter 11.

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

A Includes Program Evaluation Assessment of $4,250,000.

B Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $8,986,000.

C Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $12,589,000.

D Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $14,904,000.

E Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $17,944,000.

F Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $24,579,000.

G Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $35,827,000.

H Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $54,550,000.

I Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $57,545,722.

J Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $64,399,000.

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Heart $ 70,178 $ 80,373 $ 84,820 $ 77,886 $ 93,270 $ 98,715 $125,291 $155,971 $195,425 $187,043 $181,970

Lung 15,414 21,032 18,183 13,123 25,432 23,341 10,993 16,578 11,745 14,131 20,946

Blood 40,324 19,522 18,934 25,695 15,436 21,538 24,572 26,751 20,082 25,460 27,831

Women’s 

Health 

Initiative

— — — — 63,100 57,700 59,200 59,000 63,222 58,838 37,826

Total $125,916 $120,927A $121,937B $116,704C $197,238D $201,294E $220,056F $258,300G $290,474H $285,472I $268,573J

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Other R&D

Contracts

Major ContractSupported Clinical

Trials*

Dollars in Millions

Other R&D

Contracts

Major ContractSupported Clinical

Trials*

10. Research and Development Contracts
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

110

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1985

The ARIC program is a large-scale, long-term program that is measuring associations of CHD risk factors 

with atherosclerosis by race, gender, and geographic 

location. It focuses on early detection of CVD before 

symptoms, heart attacks, or strokes occur. The project 

consists of two groups: a community surveillance component and a cohort component from four communities. 

Three of the cohort components represent the racial mix 

of their community, whereas the fourth is exclusively 

black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$3,340,113

Fiscal Years 1985–2004—$118,626,131

Total Funding to Date—$121,966,244

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of North Carolina

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55015

2. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HC-55016

3. University of North Carolina

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55018

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-55019

5. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-55020

6. Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-55021

7. University of Texas

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HC-55022

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1988

The CHS is a population-based, longitudinal study of 

risk factors for the development and progression of CHD 

Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2005

Total FY 2005 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) $118,626,131 $3,340,113 $121,966,244

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) 74,160,240 1,725,937 75,886,177

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults 

(CARDIA)

70,571,397 1,266,999 71,838,396

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping 4,000,000 7,000,000 11,000,000

Framingham Study 62,166,638 — 62,166,638

Jackson Heart Study (JHS) 14,669,854 5,550,135 20,219,989

Mammalian Genotyping Service (MGS) 25,119,750 3,749,999 28,869,749

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 54,269,999 — 54,269,999

Pediatric Circulatory Support 4,808,544 3,772,658 8,581,202

Proteomics Initiative 72,997,890 5,896,000 78,893,890

Translational Behavioral Science Research Consortium 14,312,876 6,117,693 20,430,569

Lung Diseases

Lung Tissue Research Consortium 3,999,995 6,499,999 10,499,994

Tuberculosis Curriculum Coordinating Center 3,000,000 750,000 3,750,000

Blood Diseases and Resources

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository 5,603,820 990,522 6,594,342

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS) 73,774,125 13,091,000 86,865,125

Sickle Cell Disease Health-Related Quality of Life 

Questionnaire

— 584,008 584,008

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities 9,734,266 5,841,943 15,576,209
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

111

and stroke in elderly adults. Specific objectives for this 

phase of the project include identifying risk association 

with clinical disease by accumulation of events; determining whether presence or progression of subclinical 

disease (abnormalities detected noninvasively without 

signs or symptoms) are better predictors of clinical disease than traditional risk factors; identifying determinants of change in subclinical disease; and identifying 

characteristics of subgroups at low risk for developing 

CVD (in whom preventive measures may be unnecessary). Minority representation is sufficient to assess 

black–white differences.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$1,725,937

Fiscal Years 1988–2004—$74,160,240

Total Funding to Date—$75,886,177

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-15103

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-55222

3. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-85079

4. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-85080

5. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-85081

6. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HC-85082

7. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —HC-85083

8. University of Vermont

Burlington, Vermont —HC-85086

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young 

Adults (CARDIA), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1984

The purpose of this study is to increase understanding 

of contributors to changes in CVD risk factors that occur 

during the critical years of transition from adolescence 

through young adulthood to middle age in a cohort of 

black and white young adults, aged 18 to 30 years in 

1985–1986. Currently, CARDIA is addressing questions 

about lifestyle/psychosocial/socioeconomic risk factors, 

race, genes, and inflammation in relation to subclinical 

CVD.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$1,266,999

Fiscal Years 1984–2004—$70,571,397

Total Funding to Date—$71,838,396

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. New England Medical Center Hospitals, Inc.

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-45204

2. Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-45205

3. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-48047

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-48048

5. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-48049

6. Kaiser Permanente Division of Research

Oakland, California —HC-48050

7. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-95095

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to obtain rapid, reliable, and cost-efficient DNA sequencing and genotyping 

of candidate genomic regions potentially important in 

the disease pathways of heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. This information will assist ongoing 

investigations of genetic components involved in the 

causes, variable outcome, and progression of the 

diseases and disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$7,000,000

Fiscal Year 2004—$4,000,000

Total Funding to Date—$11,000,000

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Constella Group, Inc.

Bethesda, Maryland —HV-48193

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HV-48194

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HV-48195

4. Center for the Advancement of 

Genetics, Inc.

Rockville, Maryland —HV-48196
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

112

Framingham Study

The orginal Framingham Study was designed as a 

longitudinal investigation of constitutional and environmental factors influencing the development of CVD in 

individuals free of these conditions at the outset. Of the 

original 5,209 subjects, about 500 members remain alive. 

In 1971, the Framingham Offspring Study was initiated 

to assess familial and genetic factors associated with 

CHD. More than 5,000 offspring (and their spouses) 

were included. A third-generation cohort consisting of 

3,500 grandchildren has been added to permit examination of numerous hypotheses about the familial clustering of CVD and CVD risk factors. Additional goals 

include identifying new risk factors for cardiovascular, 

lung, and blood diseases and developing new imaging 

tests that can detect very early stages of coronary 

atherosclerosis in otherwise healthy adults.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2005—$0

 Fiscal Years 1983–2004—$62,166,638

Total Funding to Date—$62,166,638

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Boston University Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-25195

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1998

The JHS is a single-site epidemiologic study of CVD 

in blacks, similar to established studies in Framingham, 

Massachusetts, and Honolulu, Hawaii, with primary 

goals of identifying risk factors for development and 

progression of CVD; enhancing recruitment, cohort 

retention, and scientific productivity of the existing Jackson site of the ARIC study; building research capabilities 

at minority institutions; developing partnerships between 

minority and majority institutions; and expanding minority investigator participation in large-scale epidemiologic 

studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$5,550,135*

Fiscal Years 1998–2004—$14,669,854

Total Funding to Date—$20,219,989

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Jackson State University

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95170

2. Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95171

3. Tougaloo College

Tougaloo, Mississippi —HC-95172

Mammalian Genotyping Service (MGS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1994

The MGS provides genotyping to meritorious projects 

involving humans, mice, rats, zebrafish, and dogs in all 

disease areas. It provides genome-wide screens, using 

short tandem repeat polymorphisms, to assist in finding 

genes associated with health and disease. Currently, the 

capacity of the MGS is 7.7 million genotypes per year.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$3,749,999

Fiscal Years 1994–2004—$25,119,750

Total Funding to Date—$28,869,749

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Marshfield Medical Research and 

Educational Foundation

Marshfield, Wisconsin —HV-48141

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and progression of subclinical CVD, 

i.e., disease detected noninvasively before it has produced clinical signs and symptoms, in a population that 

is 38 percent white, 28 percent black, 22 percent 

Hispanic, and 12 percent Asian. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$0

Fiscal Years 1999–2004—$54,269,999

Total Funding to Date—$54,269,999

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-95159

* Additional funding is provided by the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NCMHD).
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

113

2. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HC-95160

3. Columbia University

New York, New York —HC-95161

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95162

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95163

6. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-95164

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95165

8. University of Vermont

Colchester, Vermont —HC-95166

9. New England Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-95167

10. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95168

11. Harbor-UCLA Research and 

Education Institute

Los Angeles, California —HC-95169

Pediatric Circulatory Support, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to establish multidisciplinary teams to develop innovative circulatory assist 

devices or other bioengineered systems for infants and 

children with congenital and acquired CVD who experience cardiopulmonary failure and circulatory collapse.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$3,772,658

Fiscal Year 2004—$4,808,544

Total Funding to Date—$8,581,202

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Cleveland, Ohio —HV-48188

2. Ension, Inc.

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HV-48189

3. Jarvik Heart, Inc.

New York, New York —HV-48190

4. Pennsylvania State University

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HV-48191

5. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HV-48192

Proteomics Initiative, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2002

The purpose of this program is to establish highly 

interactive, multidisciplinary centers to enhance and 

develop innovative proteomic technologies directed to 

relevant biologic questions associated with heart, lung, 

blood, and sleep health and disease. Scientists will focus 

on the cells’ protein machinery directed toward understanding the molecular basis of the causes and progression of heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders and identifying targets for therapeutic interventions.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$5,896,000

Fiscal Years 2002–2004—$72,997,890

Total Funding to Date—$78,893,890

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HV-28178

2. Institute for Systems Biology

Seattle, Washington —HV-28179

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HV-28180

4. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HV-28181

5. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HV-28182

6. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HV-28183

7. University of Texas 

Galveston, Texas —HV-28184

8. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HV-28185

9. Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut —HV-28186

10. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the

Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. 

Rockville, Maryland —HV-28187

Translational Behavioral Science Research 

Consortium, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium of interdisciplinary basic and applied social scientists to conduct research related to developing and testing 

theories from the behavioral or social sciences concerning cognitive, affective, motivational, developmental, 

and other factors and processes underlying human 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

114

behavior. Acquired knowledge will be used to develop 

and test methods to encourage individuals to adopt and 

maintain a healthy lifestyle and manage behavioral risk 

factors for heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2005—$6,117,693

Fiscal Years 2002–2004—$14,312,876

Total Funding to Date—$20,430,569

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Weill Medical College of Cornell University

New York, New York —HC-25196

2. Mount Sinai School of Medicine

New York, New York —HC-25197

Lung Diseases Program

Lung Tissue Research Consortium, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium for collecting lung tissues and preparing and distributing them for research. Scientists seek to improve 

management of lung diseases by increasing understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of lung diseases 

through molecular histopathological studies on tissues 

with and without disease. Primary emphases are on 

COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$6,499,999

Fiscal Year 2004—$3,999,995

Total Funding to Date—$10,499,994

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester, New York —HR-46158

2. University of Colorado Health Science Center

Denver, Colorado —HR-46159

3. University of Colorado Health Science Center

Denver, Colorado —HR-46160

4. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester, New York —HR-46161

5. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-46162

6. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-46163

7. Clinical Trials and Survey Corporation

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-46164

Tuberculosis Curriculum Coordinating Center, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium of five Tuberculosis Curriculum Centers to 

strengthen and increase access to the best ongoing educational and training opportunities in TB for medical, 

nursing, and allied health schools, especially those that 

provide primary care to communities where TB is 

endemic and the population is at high risk.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$750,000

Fiscal Years 2003–2004—$3,000,000

Total Funding to Date—$3,750,000

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HR-36157

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen 

Repository, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1998

The purpose of this project is to establish an NHLBI 

Biological Specimen Repository for blood specimens 

from Institute-supported research. The Repository monitors storage, labeling, and testing of the specimens, as 

well as administers safe shipment of precise sample 

aliquots to approved investigators for future studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$990,522

Fiscal Years 1998–2004—$5,603,820

Total Funding to Date—$6,594,342

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. BBI-Biotech Research Laboratories, Inc.

Gaithersburg, Maryland —HB-87144

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1989

This program was established to determine the prevalence of retrovirus positivity in blood donors, a majority 

of whom are minority. Researchers are evaluating the 

demographic, risk factor, and behavioral characteristics 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

115

of blood donors with high risks who continue to donate. 

A blood specimen repository also is being established as 

a mechanism for evaluating new tests for known viruses 

and as a sentinel for as-yet-unrecognized viruses.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$13,091,000

Fiscal Years 1989–2004—$73,774,125

Total Funding to Date—$86,865,125

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HB-47114

2. Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HB-47168

3. American Red Cross Blood Services

Dedham, Massachusetts —HB-47169

4. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HB-47170

5. University of Cincinnati

Cincinnati, Ohio —HB-47171

6. Institute for Transfusion Medicine

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HB-47172

7. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HB-47174

8. Westat, Inc.

Rockville, Maryland —HB-47175

9. Oklahoma Blood Institute

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HB-97078

10. Westat, Inc.

Rockville, Maryland —HB-97082

Sickle Cell Disease Health-Related Quality of 

Life Questionnaire, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this project is to develop a psychometrically sound and clinically useful health-related quality 

of life instrument and related materials for use in sickle 

cell clinical trials and outcomes research among adults 

with SCD, and to assist researchers who are early users 

of the instrument and materials.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$584,008

Total Funding To Date—$584,008

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. American Institutes for Research

Health Program

Silver Spring, Maryland —HL-54264

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

This program is designed to develop novel somatic 

cellular therapies in areas ranging from basic science 

through animal studies to proof-of-principle and eventually human trials for heart, lung, and blood diseases and 

sleep disorders. The goal is to provide rapid, safe translation of basic research ideas into clinical practice.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$5,841,943

Fiscal Years 2003–2004—$9,734,266

Total Funding to Date—$15,576,209

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HB-37163

2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HB-37164

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HB-37165

4. The EMMES Corporation

Rockville, Maryland —HB-37166

NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

117

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Program on Surgical Control of 

Hyperlipidemias (POSCH)

$ 538 $ 566 $ 294 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Emory Angioplasty Versus Surgery Trial 

(EAST)

296 296 — — — — — — — — —

Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Plaque Study 

(ACAPS)

66 70 — — — — — — — — —

Infant Heart Surgery: Central Nervous 

System Sequelae of Circulatory Arrest

598 699 685 582 584 392 75 — — — —

Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial* 1,958 504 — — — — — — — — —

Women’s Health Study (WHS) 1,426 1,434 1,473 1,536 1,530 1,594 — — — — 889

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the 

Menopause

451 478 494 528 186 — — — — — —

Sodium Sensitivity in African Americans 249 — — — — — — — — — —

Stress Reduction in Elderly Blacks With 

Hypertension

321 — — — — — — — — — —

Trial of Nonpharmacologic Intervention in the 

Elderly (TONE)

729 — — — — — — — — — —

CABG Patch Trial* 1,344 988 1,171 — — — — — — — —

Women’s Antioxidant and Cardiovascular 

Study (WACS)

620 643 501 525 540 556 572 598 592 599 670

Oral Calcium in Pregnant Women With 

Hypertension

306 320 332 — — — — — — — —

Stress Reduction and Atherosclerotic CVD in 

Blacks

330 403 407 40 326 339 360 376 394 — —

Enalapril After Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity 647 707 724 789 — — — — — — —

Stress and Anger Management for Blacks 

With Hypertension

232 241 250 — — — — — — — —

Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis 

(ERA) Trial*

260 1,213 965 1,668 1,017 — — — — — —

Shock Trial: Should We Emergently 

Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for 

Cardiogenic Shock?

1,022 1,008 826 874 — 440 362 298 291 296 —

HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study 480 427 445 340 — 326 — — — — —

Influence of Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) 

Temperature on CABG Morbidity

107 118 — — — — — — — — —

Women’s Estrogen/Progestin Lipid Lowering 

Hormone Atherosclerosis Regression Trial 

(WELL-HART)*

798 508 1,196 1,269 1,131 — 32 — — — —

Mode Selection Trial in Sinus Node 

Dysfunction (MOST)*

2,163 1,857 2,096 1,700 2,879 1,136 154 — — — —

Antioxidants and Prevention of Early 

Atherosclerosis*

793 240 603 — — — — — — — —

Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy in 

Unstable Angina

253 258 264 271 276 — — — — — —

A clinical trial is defined as a scientific research 

study undertaken with human subjects to evaluate 

prospectively the diagnostic, prophylactic, or therapeutic effect of a drug, device, regimen, or procedure 

used or intended ultimately for use in the practice of 

medicine or the prevention of disease. A clinical trial 

is planned and conducted prospectively and includes 

a concurrent control group or other appropriate comparison group. 

11. Clinical Trials

* Paid by U01/U10.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

118

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

Estrogen and Graft Atherosclerosis Research 

Trial (EAGER)*

— 476 488 305 — 361 371 — — — —

Soy Estrogen Alternative Study (SEA) — 219 217 221 — — — — — — —

REMATCH Trial* — — 1,258 1,798 1,333 825 750 — — — —

Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake, and Blood 

Pressure (DASH Sodium)*†

— — 2,233 3,693 3,646 1,247 151 387 376 395 —

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial 

(SCD-HeFT)*

— — 1,571 1,667 1,709 1,698 1,798 1,412 1,930 — —

CVD Risk and Health in Post-Menopausal 

Phytoestrogen Users

— — 631 662 574 244 — 304 152 — —

Treatment of Hypertension With Two Exercise 

Intensities

— — 359 474 473 481 420 — — — —

Prevention of Recurrent Venous 

Thromboembolism (PREVENT)

— — — 1,242 894 521 543 1,272 — — —

PREMIER: Lifestyle Interventions for Blood 

Pressure Control*

— — — 2,234 3,425 3,595 2,925 1,505 — — —

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study 

(ACES)*

— — — 847 2,663 2,182 720 1,254 1,137 — —

Antiarrhythmic Effects of N-3 Fatty Acids — — — — 514 542 529 647 — — —

Fatty Acid Antiarrhythmia Trial (FAAT) — — — — 519 605 — — — — —

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT)* — — — — 4,892 5,079 2,604 1,724 1,963 — —

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D)*

— — — — — 3,942 6,515 9,342 8,189 8,265 8,304

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery* — — — — — 473 557 596 590 492 —

Angiotensin-II Blockade in Mitral 

Regurgitation

— — — — — — 553 610 629 500 —

Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial 

(HART)

— — — — — — 795 1,617 1,453 1,174 861

Reduction of Triglycerides in Women on HRT — — — — — — 708 746 555 544 721

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE)*†

— — — — — — 1,502 1,506 1,306 1,303 996

ACE Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular 

Risk Factors

— — — — — — — 694 656 602 —

 Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial 

Investigating Outcomes of Exercise 

(HF-ACTION)*

— — — — — — — 7,471 9,582 7,973 4,483

Clinical Trial of Dietary Protein on Blood 

Pressure

— — — — — — — 655 610 612 504

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial 

(HAT)*

— — — — — — — 3,567 5,433 4,264 1,801

Perioperative Interventional Neuroprotection 

Trial (POINT)

— — — — — — — 553 553 562 572

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics 

Study (SANDS)*

— — — — — — — 2,410 2,165 2,107 2,324

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH)*

— — — — — — — 5,709 4,495 1,613 6,082

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies 

(GEMS)*

— — — — — — — — 2,461 2,400 2,370

Treatment of Depression Following Bypass 

Surgery

— — — — — — — — 964 1,132 1,181

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM)* — — — — — — — — 3,687 4,368 3,099

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL)*

— — — — — — — — — 4,343 5,610

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 (continued)

* Paid by U01/U10

† Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

119

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

FREEDOM Trial: Future Revascularization 

Evaluation in Patients with Diabetes 

Mellitus: Optional Management of 

Multivessel Disease

— — — — — — — — — 3,663 4,669

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial 

Metabolic Enhancement During Initial 

Assessment and Treatment in Emergency 

Care*

— — — — — — — — — 5,170 9,514

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent 

Vascular Events*

— — — — — — — — — — 663

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal 

Revascularization (CLEVER)*

— — — — — — — — — — 1,368

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 15,987 13,673 19,483 23,265 29,111 26,578 22,996 45,253 50,163 52,377 56,681

Lung Diseases

Cardiopulmonary Effects of Ibuprofen in 

Human Sepsis*

— — — — — — — — — — —

Inhaled Beclomethasone To Prevent Chronic 

Lung Disease*

738 551 436 — — — — — — — —

Lung Health Study II*† 4,434 3,183 3,508 980 — — — — — — —

Lung Health Study III*† — — — 1,997 1,986 1,616 1,672 927 — — —

Asthma Clinical Research Network 

(ACRN)*†

— — — 4,934 5,399 5,686 5,705 5,863 — — —

Fetal Tracheal Occlusion for Severe 

Diaphragmatic Hernia*

— — — — 419 429 181 — — — —

Scleroderma Lung Study* — — — — 1,040 1,501 1,761 1,501 1,055 — —

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Prevention of 

Chronic Lung Disease*

— — — — — 1,959 1,803 1,764 1,442 1,245 —

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic 

Lung Disease*

— — — — — 1,548 1,742 1,839 1,604 903 —

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis II (PIOPED II)*

— — — — — 2,190 3,667 3,388 472 — —

Randomized Trial To Reduce ETS in Children 

With Asthma

— — — — — 555 545 468 277 — —

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy 

Study (APPLES)*

— — — — — — — 3,224 3,021 3,110 3,188

Childhood Asthma Management Program–

Continuation Study (CAMP–CS)/Phase 2*†

— — — — — — — — 1,489 2,043 2,623

Clinical Trial of Acid Reflux Therapy in 

Asthma*

— — — — — — — — 736 783 791

Impact of CPAP on Functional Outcomes in 

Milder Obstructive Sleep Apnea (CATNAP)

— — — — — — — — 682 612 608

Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men — — — — — — — — 4,163 4,262 1,390

Supplemental Selenium and Vitamin E and 

Pulmonary Function

— — — — — — — — 698 610 630

Improving Asthma Care in Minority Children 

in Head Start

— — — — — — — — — 721 826

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 5,172 3,734 3,944 7,911 8,844 15,484 17,076 18,974 15,639 14,289 10,056

Blood Diseases and Resources

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea in Patients 

With Sickle Cell Anemia—Phase II*

1,238 — — — — — — — — — —

Trial To Reduce Alloimmunization to Platelets 

(TRAP)—Extension†

1,246 263 — — — — — — — — —

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 (continued)

* Paid by U01/U10

† Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

120

Blood Diseases and Resources (continued)

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(STOP)*

3,257 2,435 2,584 2,036 — 293 — — — — —

Pediatric Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(PED HUG)

250 260 270 — — — — — — — —

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(STOP 2)*

— — — — — 4,200 3,166 3,168 2,320 2,366 —

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell 

Anemia

— — — — — — 489 525 527 551 —

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and 

Transplantation

— — — — — — 1,222 1,224 1,286 1,353 —

FOCUS — — — — — — — — 1,639 1,796 2,923

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea (SWITCH)*

— — — — — — — — — — 3,345

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 5,991 2,958 2,854 2,036 — 4,493 4,877 4,917 5,772 6,066 6,268

Total, NHLBI $27,150 $20,365 $26,281 $33,212 $37,955 $46,555 $44,949 $69,144 $71,574 $82,220 $73,005

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 (continued)

* Paid by U01/U10

† Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

121

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2005: Summary by Program

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2005

FY 2005 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date 

Heart and Vascular Diseases

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent Vascular Events* — 663,376 663,376

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D)* 36,253,973 8,304,235 44,558,208

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL)* 4,343,389 5,610,035 9,953,424

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization (CLEVER) — 1,368,413 1,368,413

Clinical Trial of Dietary Protein on Blood Pressure 1,877,176 504,047 2,381,223

FREEDOM Trial: Future Revascularization Evaluation in Patients with Diabetes 

Mellitus: Optimal Management of Multivessel Disease

3,663,095 4,669,362 8,332,457

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies* 4,861,435 2,369,517 7,230,952

Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training 

(HF-ACTION)*

25,025,952 4,483,140 29,509,092

Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial (HART) 5,038,583 861,475 5,900,058

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial (HAT)* 13,263,642 1,800,742 15,064,384

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial Metabolic Enhancement During Initial 

Assessment and Treatment in Emergency Care*

5,170,411 9,513,736 14,684,147

Perioperative Interventional Neuroprotection Trial (POINT) 1,668,047 571,974 2,240,021

Reduction of Triglycerides in Women on HRT 2,554,495 720,614 3,275,109

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS)* 6,681,337 2,323,642 9,004,979

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH)* 11,817,086 6,082,190 17,899,276

Treatment of Depression Following Bypass Surgery 2,096,012 1,180,897 3,276,909

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM)* 8,054,488 3,098,894 11,153,382

Women’s Antioxident and Cardiovasular Study (WACS) 6,94,2751 669,855 7,612,606

Women’s Health Study (WHS) 16,033,881 888,766 16,922,647

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)*† 5,617,360 995,753 6,613,113

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 160,963,113 56,680,663 217,643,776

Lung Diseases

Acid Reflux Therapy in Asthma* 1,519,544 791,142 2,310,686

APPLES: Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study* 9,354,009 3,188,172 12,542,181

Childhood Asthma Management Program II (CAMP II)* 3,532,802 2,622,721 6,155,523

Impact of CPAP on Functional Outcomes in Milder Obstructive Sleep Apnea 

(CATNAP)

1,294,011 608,093 1,902,104

Improving Asthma Care for Minority Children in Head Start 721,025 826,110 1,547,135

Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men 8,424,494 1,389,672 9,814,166

Supplemental Selenium and Vitamin E and Pulmonary Function 1,308,074 630,237 1,938,311

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 26,153,959 10,056,147 36,210,106

Blood Diseases and Resources

FOCUS* 3,435,202 2,922,730 6,357,932

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (SWITCH)* — 3,345,345 3,345,345

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 3,435,202 6,268,075 9,703,277

Total, NHLBI $190,552,274 $73,004,885 $263,557,159

* Paid by U01/U10

† Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 (continued)
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

122

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Contracts

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Lipid Research Clinics $ 583 $ 660 $ 650 $ 685 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 

Effects of Digitalis on Survival in 

Patients With Congestive Heart Failure

 2,235 — — — — — — — — — —

Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot 

Study (ACIP)

 7 — — — — — — — — — —

Psychophysiological Investigations of 

Myocardial Ischemia (PIMI)

 165 — — — — — — — — — —

Arterial Disease Multifactorial Intervention Trial (ADMIT) 395 — — — — — — — — — —

Raynaud’s Treatment Study 1,664 221 19 — — — — — — — —

Antiarrhythmic vs. Implantable 

Defibrillator (AVID)

 5,348 2,475 — 871 548 — — — — — —

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering 

Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack 

Trial (ALLHAT)

 3,412 9,676 15,943 17,119 — 6,259 7,000 3,980 2,761 3,346 —

Activity Counseling Trial (ACT) 5,000 — 2,167 2,439 — — — — — — —

Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin 

Interventions (PEPI)

 1,305 — 3 170 — — — — — — —

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart 

Disease Patients (ENRICHD)

 1,871 6,993 6,837 5,904 3,303 3,487 596 425 70 — —

Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up: 

Investigation in Rhythm Management 

(AFFIRM)

 883 2,510 6,330 — 3,785 1,239 2,401 802 — — —

Beta-Blocker Evaluation Survival Trial 

(BEST)

 2,500 1,435 2,300 2,448 — — — — — — —

Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and 

Estrogen Trial (WAVE)

— 731 2,891 1,917 3,878 886 756 — 32 — —

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome 

Evaluation (WISE)

— 1,577 133 2,932 856 1,424 10 50 — — —

Prevention of Events With Angiotensin 

Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy 

(PEACE)

— 3,632 2,838 2,836 2,850 5,988 — 2,849 558 — —

Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) — — — 1,169 2,009 1,243 — 238 — — —

Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart 

Failure and Pulmonary Artery 

Catheterization Effectiveness 

(ESCAPE)

— — — — 1,750 1,820 — 1,129 — — —

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in 

Diabetes (ACCORD) 

— — — — 4,130 6,590 — 1,750 18,521 33,779 26,126

Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) 

Community Trial

— — — — 2,923 2,414 3,058 1,101 — — —

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonist Therapy 

in Adults With Preserved Ejection 

Fraction Congestive Heart Failure 

(TOPCAT)

— — — — — — — — — 837 5,126

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 25,368 29,910 40,111 38,490 26,032 31,350 13,821 12,324 21,942 37,962 31,288

Lung Diseases

Lung Health Study I 650 350 — — — — — — — — —

Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiac 

Complications of HIV Infection 

(P2C2)

2,627 4,033 668 1,979 — 315 — 113 — — —
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

123

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Contracts (continued)

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Lung Diseases (continued)

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program (CAMP)

 5,096 7,977 5,695 — 6,551 729 1,330 2,786 2,287 1,475 599

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 

Clinical Network (ARDSNet)

 4,170 4,337 4,510 4,880 6,837 5,587 2,667 1,502 4,402 5,517 4,707

National Emphysema Treatment Trial 

(NETT)

— — 2,710 3,367 7,545 4,047 6,989 7,910 1,630 1,648 357

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in 

Emphysema (FORTE)

— — — — 884 7,711 — 2,429 725 507 185

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 12,543 16,697 13,583 10,226 21,817 18,389 10,986 14,740 9,044 9,147 5,848

Blood Diseases and Resources

Clinical Course of Sickle Cell Disease 4,375 376 205 2,144 350 106 — — — — —

Anti-HIV Immunoglobulin (HIVIG) in 

Prevention of Maternal-Fetal HIV 

Transmission

 1,819 706 — — — — — — — — —

T-Cell Depletion in Unrelated Donor 

Marrow Transplantation

 1,917 1,461 639 2,228 690 1,085 1,144 557 774 164 —

Viral Activation Transfusion Study 

(VATS)

 5,000 5,647 2,353 1,668 — 339 — — — — —

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation 

Study (COBLT)

— 1,419 6,573 12,530 1,456 5,122 1,846 2,166 588 707 822

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea 

(MSH) in Sickle Cell Anemia Adult 

Follow-up 

— 703 472 475 469 — — 588 994 1,136 1,340

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical 

Trial (BABY HUG)

— — — — — 1,606 405 3,100 1,112 1,964 1,526

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 13,111 10,312 10,242 19,045 2,965 8,258 3,395 6,411 3,468 3,971 3,688

Women’s Health Initiative

Subtotal, Women’s Health Initiative — — — — 59,100 57,700 59,200 59,010 63,222 57,483 37,826

Total, NHLBI Clinical Trials Contracts $51,022 $56,919 $63,936 $67,761 $109,914 $115,697 $87,402 $92,485 $97,676 $108,563 $78,650
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

124

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Heart and Vascular 

Diseases

Trials of Hypertension 

Prevention (TOHP)

$1,240 $ 649 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Dietary Intervention Study 

in Children (DISC)

1,625 1,625 746 — — — — — — — —

Bypass Angioplasty 

Revascularization 

Investigation (BARI)

3,882 2,757 2,894 1,360 1,609 1,634 1,549 1,456 — — —

Postmenopausal Estrogen/

Progestin Interventions 

(PEPI)

584 331 — — — — — — — — —

Child and Adolescent 

Trial for Cardiovascular 

Health (CATCH)

2,342 2,682 3,956 572 210 — — — — — —

Dietary Effects on 

Lipoproteins and 

Thrombogenic Activity 

(DELTA)

2,485 132 290 — — — — — — — —

Obesity Prevention in 

Young American 

Indians (PATHWAYS)

2,150 3,432 4,119 3,945 4,196 2,459 — — — — —

Dietary Approaches To 

Stop Hypertension 

(DASH)

2,513 899 — — — — — — — — —

Rapid Early Action for 

Coronary Treatment 

(REACT)

5,091 4,992 2,866 496 — — — — — — —

Girls Health Enrichment 

Multisite Studies 

(GEMS) 

— — — — 2,282 2,365 2,877 2,713 — — —

Trial of Activity for 

Adolescent Girls 

(TAAG)

— — — — — 5,274 4,831 5,919 5,828 6,350 5,103

Pediatric Cardiovascular 

Clinical Research 

Network 

— — — — — — 3,447 4,822 5,381 4,948 3,992

Clinical Research 

Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcome

— — — — — — — — — 6,886 9,339

Dynamic Assessment of 

Patient-Reported 

Chronic Disease 

Outcomes

— — — — — — — — — 1,010 —

Clinical Trials in Organ 

Transplantation (CTOT)

— — — — — — — — — — 1,900

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular 

Diseases

21,912 17,499 14,871 6,373 8,297 11,732 12,704 14,910 11,209 19,194 20,334

Lung Diseases

 Asthma Clinical Research 

Network (ACRN)*

3,640 4,526 4,479 — — — — — 8,181 8,424 8,667

* Investigator-Initiated from 1998 to 2002.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

125

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1995–2005 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Lung Diseases (continued)

 Asthma and Pregnancy 

Studies

991 1,000 913 — — — — — — — —

 Childhood Asthma 

Research and Education 

(CARE) Network

— — — — 4,175 5,002 5,314 6,005 5,610 5,292 5,704

COPD Clinical Research 

Network

— — — — — — — — 6,843 6,848 8,438

Idiopathic Pulmonary 

Fibrosis Clinical 

Research

— — — — — — — — — — 3,486

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 4,631 5,526 5,392 — 4,175 5,002 5,314 6,005 20,634 20,564 26,295

Blood Diseases and 

Resources

Thalassemia (Cooley’s 

Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network 

— — — — — 2,192 2,219 2,269 2,320 2,375 2,730

Blood and Marrow 

Transplant Clinical 

Research Network 

— — — — — — 5,360 5,899 5,950 5,292 6,460

Transfusion Medicine/

Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — — — — 6,053 6,241 6,093 6,221

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and 

Resources

— — — — — 2,192 7,579 14,221 14,511 14,440 15,411

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials, 

Cooperative Agreements 

$26,543 $23,025 $20,263 $6,373 $12,472 $18,926 $25,597 $35,136 $46,354 $54,198 $62,040

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials

$77,565 $79,944 $84,199 $74,134 $122,386 $134,623 $112,999 $127,621 $144,030 $162,761 $140,690
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

126

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2005: Summary by Program

Contracts

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2005

Total FY 2005 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

 Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) $ 64,769,478 $ 26,126,324 $90,895,802

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack 

Trial (ALLHAT) 

83,170,059 — 83,170,059

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy in Adults With Ejection Fraction 

Congestive Heart Failure (TOPCAT)

837,227 5,161,746 5,998,973

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 148,776,764 31,288,070 180,064,834

Lung Diseases 

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network (ARDSNet) 46,208,966 4,706,675 50,915,641

Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) 56,320,611 599,206 56,919,817

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in Emphysema (FORTE) 12,256,041 185,012 12,441,053

National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) 35,846,310 357,270 36,203,580

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 150,631,928 5,848,163 156,480,091

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study (COBLT) 32,406,365 822,243 33,228,608

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) in Sickle Cell Anemia Adult 

Follow-up 

4,836,836 1,340,090 6,176,926

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG) 8,187,198 1,526,201 9,713,399

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 45,430,399 3,688,534 49,118,933

Women’s Health Initiative

 Subtotal, Women’s Health Initiative 672,615,477 37,826,017 710,441,494

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Contracts $1,017,454,468 $78,650,784 $1,096,105,352

Cooperative Agreements

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2005

Total FY 2005 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation Outcome $6,886,109 $9,338,606 $16,224,715

Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation (CTOT) — 1,900,000 1,900,000

Dynamic Assessment of Patient-Reported Chronic Disease Outcomes 1,009,694 — 1,009,694

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research Network 18,598,211 3,992,212 22,590,423

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) 28,202,937 5,102,829 33,305,766

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 54,696,951 20,333,647 75,030,598

Lung Diseases 

Asthma Clinical Research Network 16,605,558 8,667,026 25,272,584

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network 31,398,337 5,704,202 37,102,539

COPD Clinical Research Network 13,691,750 8,437,795 22,129,545

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network — 3,486,226 3,486,226

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 61,695,645 26,295,249 87,990,894

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 23,181,808 6,459,743 29,641,551

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network 11,374,688 2,729,989 14,104,677

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 18,386,476 6,221,140 24,607,616

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 52,942,972 15,410,872 68,353,844

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Cooperative Agreements $169,335,568 $62,039,768 $231,375,336

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials $1,186,790,163 $140,690,552 $1,327,480,688
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

127

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk in 

Diabetes (ACCORD), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate three diabetic 

treatment strategies (intensive glycemic control, blood 

pressure control, and fibrate treatment to raise HDLcholesterol and lower triglycerides) to prevent major 

cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes 

mellitus. The primary outcome measure is CVD mortality or major morbidity (MI and stroke). A vanguard 

phase of about 1,000 participants was completed in 

FY 2002, and the main trial proceeded in FY 2003.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$26,126,324

Fiscal Years 1999–2004—$64,769,478

Total Funding to Date—$90,895,802

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque 

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HC-10100

2. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis

Memphis, Tennessee —HC-90350

3. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95178

4. McMaster University

Hamilton, Ontario —HC-95179

5. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-95180

6. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HC-95181

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95182

8. Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95183

9. Trustees of Columbia University 

of New York

New York, New York —HC-95184

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment 

To Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1993

The ALLHAT is a practice-based, randomized clinical 

trial to determine whether combined incidence of fatal 

CHD and nonfatal MI differs between diuretic-based and 

newer antihypertensive treatments (ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, alpha blocker) in high-risk hypertensive patients. The objective of the lipid-lowering 

component of the study is to determine whether lowering 

serum cholesterol with an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor 

reduces the total mortality in a subset of hypertensive 

patients with moderately elevated LDL cholesterol. 

Because blacks and Hispanics are at high risk for hypertension and CHD, investigators recruited a high percentage of minorities into the study.

In February 2000, the alpha blocker arm of the study 

was discontinued at the recommendation of the Data 

Safety Monitoring Committee and an independant expert 

review committee because the CVD event rate was significantly greater among those patients compared to the 

control group.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$0 

Fiscal Years 1993–2004—$83,170,059

Total Funding to Date—$83,170,059

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Texas Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HC-35130

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcomes, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2004

The purpose of this study is to establish a resuscitation 

research consortium to conduct research in cardiopulmonary arrest and traumatic injury leading to arrest. The 

consortium will facilitate the rapid translation of promising scientific and clinical advances to improve resuscitation outcomes.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$9,338,606

Fiscal Year 2004—$6,886,109

Total Funding to Date—$16,224,715

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-077863

2. University of Iowa

Iowa, City, Iowa —HL-077865
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128

3. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-077866

4. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-077867

5. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-077871

6. St. Michael’s Hospital

Toronto, Ontario —HL-077872

7. Oregon Health and Science University

Portland, Oregon —HL-077873

8. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-077881

9. Ottawa Health Research Institute

Ottawa, Ontario —HL-077885

10. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-077887

11. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-077908

Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation 

(CTOT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this program is to support a multisite 

consortium for interventional or observational clinical 

studies to enhance our understanding of, and ultimately 

reduce, the immune-mediated morbidity and mortality of 

organ transplantation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$1,900,000

Total Funding to Date—$1,900,000

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —AI-063589

2. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of 

Medicine-Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —AI-063594

3. Brigham and Women's Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —AI-063623

Dynamic Assessment of Patient-Reported 

Chronic Disease Outcomes, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2004

 The purpose of this study, which emanates from a 

NIH Roadmap Initiative, is to develop a computerized 

system of patient-reported outcomes that will meet the 

needs of clinical researchers across a wide variety of 

chronic disorders and diseases. Investigators will 

develop and test a large bank of items measuring patientreported outcomes; create a computerized adaptive testing system that will allow for efficient assessment of 

patient-reported outcomes in clinical research; and create 

a publicly available system that can be added to and 

modified periodically for clinical researchers. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$0

Fiscal Year 2004—$1,009,694

Total Funding to Date—$1,009,694

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —AR-52155

2. Stanford University

Stanford, California —AR-52158

3. State University New York, Stony Brook

Stony Brook, New York —AR-52170

4. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —AR-52171

5. Evanston Northwestern Healthcare

Evanston, Illinois —AR-52177

6. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —AR-52181

7. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —AR-52186

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The objective of this study is to establish a clinical 

network to evaluate novel treatment methods and management strategies for children with structural congenital 

heart disease, inflammatory heart disease, heart muscle 

disease, or arrhythmias. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$3,992,212

Fiscal Years 2001–2004—$18,598,211

Total Funding to Date—$22,590,423

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-068269

2. New England Research Institute, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-068270

3. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-068279
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

129

4. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HL-068281

5. Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-068285

6. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HL-068288

7. Columbia University

Health Sciences

New York, New York —HL-068290

8. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-068292

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this community-based study is to test 

the effects of a school–community-linked intervention to 

prevent decline in physical activity and cardiorespiratory 

fitness seen during adolescence in girls. The study is 

being conducted in 36 schools; 43 percent of the population are minorities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$5,102,829

Fiscal Years 2000–2004—$28,202,937

Total Funding to Date—$33,305,766

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-066845

2. University of South Carolina

Columbia, South Carolina —HL-066852

3. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-066853

4. Tulane University

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-066855

5. San Diego State University

San Diego, California —HL-066856

6. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-066857

7. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-066858

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists in Adults With 

Preserved Ejection Fraction Congestive Heart 

Failure, (TOPCAT) Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of aldosterone antagonist therapy to reduce mortality in patients who have heart failure with preserved 

systolic function.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$5,161,746

Fiscal Year 2004—$837,227

Total Funding to Date—$5,998,973

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. New England Research Institutes, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HC-45207

Lung Diseases Program

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical 

Network (ARDSNet), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1994

The objective of this network is to test new therapeutic 

agents with a potential for improving the outcome of 

patients with ARDS and those at risk of developing 

ARDS. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$4,706,675

Fiscal Years 1994–2004—$46,208,966

Total Funding to Date—$50,915,641

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HR-46054

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HR-46055

3. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-46057

4. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HR-46059

5. Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-46060

6. University of Colorado

Denver, Colorado —HR-46061

7. LDS Hospital

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-46062

8. University of Maryland

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-46063

9. Coordinating Center 

Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-46064

10. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HR-16146

11. Baystate Medical Center

Springfield, Massachusetts —HR-16147
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12. University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois —HR-16149

13. Louisiana State University

New Orleans, Louisiana —HR-16150

14. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-16152

15. University of Virginia

Charlottesville, Virginia —HR-16154

16. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HR-16155

17. Baystate Medical Center

Springfield, MA —HR-56165

18. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, CA —HR-56166

19. University of Colorado Health 

Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —HR-56167

20. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of 

Medicine-Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-56168

21. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HR-56169

22. John Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-56170

23. HC Health Services, Inc. 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-56171

24. Louisiana State University

New Orleans, Louisiana —HR-56172

25. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HR-56173

26. Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Nashville, Tennessee —HR-56174

27. Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HR-56175

28. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester, Minnesota —HR-56176

29. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-56179

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this network is to evaluate current and 

novel therapies and management strategies for adult 

asthma and to ensure that findings are rapidly disseminated to the medical community. Approximately 33 percent of the participants will be minorities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$8,667,026

Fiscal Years 2003–2004—$16,605,558

Total Funding to Date—$25,272,584

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-074073

2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-074204

3. University of Texas Medical Branch

Galveston, Texas —HL-074206

4. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-074208

5. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-074212

6. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-074218

7. Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-074225

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074227

9. Pennsylvania State University

Hershey Medical Center

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-074231

Childhood Asthma Management Program 

(CAMP), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1991

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term 

effects of anti-inflammatory therapy compared to 

bronchodilator therapy on the course of asthma, 

particularly on lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and on physical and psychosocial 

growth and development. Results showed that 4 1⁄2 to 

6 years of daily treatment with inhaled corticosteroids 

was safe and provided superior control of asthma compared to a different anti-inflammatory medication or 

treatment only when symptoms occurred. The CAMP 

study will continue to observe the children for 5 years to 

determine the effect of early treatment on maximum lung 

growth and on height.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$599,206

Fiscal Years 1991–2004—$56,320,611

Total Funding to Date—$56,919,817

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-16044

2. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HR-16045

3. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HR-16046
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

131

4. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HR-16047

5. National Jewish Medical

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HR-16048

6. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-16049

7. Asthma, Inc.

Seattle, Washington —HR-16050

8. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HR-16051

9. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-16052

Childhood Asthma Research and Education 

(CARE) Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this clinical network is to evaluate current and novel therapies and management strategies for 

children with asthma. Emphasis is on clinical trials that 

help identify optimal therapy for children with different 

asthma phenotypes, genotypes, and ethnic backgrounds 

and children at different developmental stages. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$5,704,202

Fiscal Years 1999–2004—$31,398,337

Total Funding to Date—$37,102,539

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-064287

2. National Jewish Medical and 

Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-064288

3. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-064295

4. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-064305

5. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-064307

6. Pennsylvania State University

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-064313

COPD Clinical Research Network, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this network is to investigate disease 

management approaches in patients with moderate-tosevere COPD and to ensure that the findings are rapidly 

disseminated to the medical community.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$8,437,795

Fiscal Years 2003–2004—$13,691,750

Total Funding to Date—$22,129,545

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Harbor-UCLA Research 

and Education Institute

Torrance, California —HL-074407

2. Temple University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-074408

3. Denver Health and Hospital Authority

Denver, Colorado —HL-074409

4. Minnesota Veterans Research Institute

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-074416

5. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-074418

6. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-074422

7. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-074424

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074428

9. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-074431

10. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-074439

11. University of Maryland

Baltimore Professional School

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-074441

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in Emphysema 

(FORTE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this program is to conduct preliminary 

studies to identify optimal patient populations, drugs and 

dosing schedules, and outcome measures before conducting a larger clinical trial on retinoid treatment for 

emphysema.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$185,012

Fiscal Years 1999–2004—$12,256,041

Total Funding to Date—$12,441,053

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HR-96140

2. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-96141

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-96142
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132

4. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HR-96143

5. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HR-96144

6. Columbia University

New York, New York —HR-96145

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this Network is to establish (1) six to 

seven clinical centers to design and perform multiple 

therapeutic trials for treatment of patients with newly 

diagnosed idiopatic pulmonary fibrosis and (2) a Data 

Coordinating Center for the Network.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$3,486,226

Total Funding to Date—$3,486,226

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-080274

2. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-080370

3. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-080371

4. Weill Medical College of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-080383

5. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-080411

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-080413

7. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-080509

8. Tulane University of Louisiana

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-080510

9. University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois —HL-080513

10. Emory University

Atlanta Geogia —HL-080543

11. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver Colorado —HL-080571

12. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-080685

National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1997

The NETT is a multicenter trial designed to evaluate 

the efficacy and role of lung volume reduction surgery 

(a procedure in which part of the lung is removed in an 

attempt to improve breathing) in the treatment of severe 

emphysema. If surgery proves to be effective, a major 

secondary objective is to determine which patients are 

most likely to benefit.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$357,270

Fiscal Years 1997–2004—$35,846,310

Total Funding to Date—$36,203,580

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HR-76101

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-76102

3. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HR-76103

4. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Los Angeles, California —HR-76104

5. Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-76105

6. Columbia University

New York, New York —HR-76106

7. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HR-76107

8. University of Maryland

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-76108

9. Mayo Foundation

Rochester, Minnesota —HR-76109

10. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-76110

11. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HR-76111

12. The Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio —HR-76112

13. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-76113

14. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-76114

15. Saint Louis University

St. Louis, Missouri —HR-76115

16. Temple University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-76116

17. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HR-76118

18. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-76119
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133

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this network is to promote the efficient 

comparison of novel treatment methods and management strategies of potential benefit for children and 

adults undergoing blood or marrow transplantation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$6,459,743

Fiscal Years 2001–2004—$23,181,808

Total Funding to Date—$29,641,551

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Nebraska Medical Center

Omaha, Nebraska —HL-069233

2. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-069246

3. Dana Farber Cancer Institute

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-069249

4. Children’s Mercy Hospital

Kansas City, Missouri —HL-069254

5. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-069273

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069274

7. City of Hope Medical Center

Duarte, California —HL-069278

8. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-069286

9. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-069290

10. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-069291

11. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-069294

12. University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida —HL-069301

13. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-069310

14. Sloan Kettering Institute 

for Cancer Research

New York, New York —HL-069315

15. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-069330

16. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-069348

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study 

(COBLT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1996

The purpose of this multicenter study is to determine 

whether umbilical cord blood stem cell transplants from 

unrelated, newborn donors are a safe and efficient alternative to bone marrow transplantation for children and adults 

with a variety of cancers, blood diseases, and genetic disorders. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$822,243

Fiscal Years 1996–2004—$32,406,365

Total Funding to Date—$33,228,608

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. The EMMES Corporation

Potomac, Maryland —HB-67132

2. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Boston, Massachusetts —HB-67133

3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HB-67134

4. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HB-67135

5. Indiana University

Indianapolis, Indiana —HB-67137

6. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HB-67138

7. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HB-67139

8. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HB-67141

9. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HB-67142

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) in 

Sickle Cell Anemia Adult Follow-up, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1996

The purpose of this trial is to determine the long-term 

effects of hydroxurea. Patients were examined annually 

to determine their health status, quality of life, incidence 

of malignancies, and birth defects in their offspring(s). 

Mortality rates from this cohort were compared to mortality data from the CSSCD cohort and the normal black 

population mortality. Results showed that patients who 

took hydroxyurea over a 9-year period experienced a 40 

percent reduction in deaths. Improved survival was 

related to benefits of drug therapy—an increase in fetal 

hemoglobin level and reduced episodes of severe pain 

“crises” and acute chest syndrome.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

134

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$1,340,090

Fiscal Years 1996–2004—$4,836,836

Total Funding to Date—$6,176,926

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Maryland Medical Research Institute 

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-67129

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial 

(BABY HUG), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this clinical trial is to determine if 

hydroxyurea therapy is effective in prevention of chronic 

end organ damage in pediatric patients with sickle cell 

anemia.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$1,526,201

Fiscal Years 2000–2004—$8,187,198

Total Funding to Date—$9,713,399

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Children’s Research Institute

Washington, DC —HB-07150

2. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HB-07151

3. Howard University

Washington, DC —HB-07152

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07153

5. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HB-07154

6. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee —HB-07155

7. The Research Foundation of SUNY

New York, New York —HB-07156

8. University of Miami

Miami, Florida —HB-07157

9. University of Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HB-07158

10. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HB-07159

11. Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07160

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this network is to accelerate research 

in the management of thalassemia, standardize existing 

treatments, and evaluate new ones in a network of clinical centers.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$2,729,989

Fiscal Years 2000–2004—$11,374,688

Total Funding to Date—$14,104,677

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-065232

2. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HL-065233

3. New England Research Institute, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-065238

4. Children’s Hospital Oakland

Oakland, California —HL-065239

5. Weill Medical College

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-065244

6. Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065260

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this network is to promote the efficient 

comparison of new management strategies for individuals with hemostatic disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 

and to evaluate new and existing blood products and 

cytokines for treatment of hematologic disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$6,221,140

Fiscal Years 2002–2004—$18,386,476

Total Funding to Date—$24,607,616

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-072028
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

135

2. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-072033

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072072

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072191

5. Weill Medical College 

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-072196

6. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-072248

7. New England Research Institutes, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-072268

8. Tulane University of Louisiana

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-072274

9. University of Oklahoma 

Health Sciences Center

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-072283

10. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-072289

11. Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-072290

12. Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072291

13. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072299

14. Puget Sound Blood Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-072305

15. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-072331

16. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-072346

17. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-072355

18. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072359
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

136

Women’s Health Initiative, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1992

The purpose of the WHI is to study cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The 

program consists of three major components: a randomized controlled clinical trial of HRT, dietary modification, and 

calcium/vitamin D supplementation; an observational study to identify predictors of disease; and a study of community 

approaches to developing healthful behaviors.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2005—$37,826,017

Fiscal Years 2000–2004*—$672,615,477

Total Funding to Date—$710,441,494

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-22110

2. University of Medicine

and Dentistry of New Jersey

Newark, New Jersey —WH-24152

3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-32100

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —WH-32101

5. University of Iowa 

College of Medicine 

Iowa City, Iowa —WH-32102

6. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —WH-32105

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —WH-32106

8. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —WH-32108

9. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —WH-32109

10. University of Medicine 

and Dentistry of New Jersey

Newark, New Jersey —WH-32110

11. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —WH-32111

12. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —WH-32112

13. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —WH-32113

14. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —WH-32115

15. University of Tennessee 

Memphis, Tennessee —WH-32118

16. Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island

Pawtucket, Rhode Island —WH-32119

17. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —WH-32120

18. State University of New York at Buffalo 

Buffalo, New York —WH-32122

19. American College of Obstetricians

and Gynecologists

Washington, DC —WH-34205

20. University of California, Irvine

Irvine, California —WH-42107

21. George Washington University 

Washington, DC —WH-42108

22. Stanford University

Stanford, California —WH-42109 

23. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —WH-42110

24. University of Texas 

Health Science Center 

San Antonio, Texas —WH-42111

25. Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —WH-42112

26. University of Nevada 

School of Medicine 

Reno, Nevada —WH-42113

27. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —WH-42114

28. State University of New York 

at Stony Brook 

Stony Brook, New York —WH-42115

29. University of Massachusetts 

Medical School 

Worcester, Massachusetts —WH-42116

30. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —WH-42117

31. Wayne State University

Detroit, Michigan —WH-42118

32. Albert Einstein College of Medicine

New York, New York —WH-42119

33. Harbor-UCLA Research 

and Education Institute

Torrance, California —WH-42120

* This figure reflects funding for the clinical trials and observational studies only. From 1992–98, major support was provided through the Office of the Director, 

NIH. The Community Prevention Study receives funding through an interagency agreement with the CDC: $4,000,000 in FY 1999 and $12,000,000 from 

FY 1996–98.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

137

34. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —WH-42121

35. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —WH-42122

36. Medlantic Research Institute 

Washington, DC —WH-42123

37. Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s 

Medical Center 

Chicago, Illinois —WH-42124

38. University of California, Los Angeles

School of Medicine

Los Angeles, California —WH-42125

39. University of Cincinnati 

Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —WH-42126

40. University of Florida 

College of Medicine 

Gainesville, Florida —WH-42129

41. University of Hawaii at Manoa

Honolulu, Hawaii —WH-42130

42. University of Miami

Miami, Florida —WH-42131

43. University of Wisconsin 

Madison, Wisconsin —WH-42132

NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activites

139

Throughout its history, the NHLBI has been a 

leader in conducting and supporting research to 

eliminate health disparities that exist between various segments of the U.S. population. The Institute 

has not only initiated research projects with significant minority participation in order to compare 

health status between various populations, but also 

given high priority to programs that focus exclusively on minority health issues. 

Since FY 1991, the Institute has had procedures in 

place to ensure full compliance with the NIH Policy 

on Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in 

Clinical Research. As a result, all NHLBI-supported 

research that involves human subjects includes 

minorities, with the exception of a very few projects 

for which a compelling justification for limited 

diversity in the study population exists. Thus, all 

segments of the population, both minority and nonminority, stand to benefit from the Institute’s 

research programs. 

It has long been a goal of the NHLBI to increase 

the number of individuals from underrepresented 

groups in biomedical and behavioral research. 

Selected FY 2005 activities addressing this goal 

include the following: 

• Minority K–12 Initiative for Teachers and 

Students (MKITS): Supports research, 

development, and evaluation of innovative 

science training programs to provide minority 

students in grades K–12 with the exposure, 

skills, and knowledge that will encourage them 

to pursue advanced studies in biomedical and 

behavioral sciences. 

• Historically Black Colleges and Universities 

(HBCU) Research Scientist Award: Supports 

efforts by HBCU to recruit an established 

research scientist in cardiovascular, lung, or 

blood health and disease; transfusion medicine; 

or sleep disorders. 

• Sickle Cell Scholars Program: Supports career 

development of young or new investigators in 

SCD research. 

• Summer for Sickle Cell Science Program: 

Supports research training and mentoring of 

individuals from high school to junior 

investigator level as part of the Comprehensive 

Sickle Cell Centers program. 

• Student National Medical Association 

Externship in Sickle Cell Disease: Supports an 

8-week clinical rotation in SCD for third- and 

fourth-year medical students at an NHLBIfunded medical institution engaged in sickle 

cell research and patient care. 

• Research Scientist Award for Minority 

Institutions: Strengthens the biomedical and 

behavioral research capabilities and resources 

of minority institutions by recruiting an 

established scientist with expertise in areas 

related to cardiovascular, lung, or blood health 

and disease; transfusion medicine; or sleep 

disorders. 

• Minority Undergraduate Biomedical Education 

Program: Encourages development of pilot 

demonstration programs at minority undergraduate educational institutions to recruit and 

retain talented undergraduate students in the 

biomedical sciences. 

The Office of Minority Health Affairs (OMHA) 

within the OD provides oversight for, and coordinates, supports, and evaluates Institute programs 

related to minority health outcomes, including 

research, research training and career development, 

public outreach, and translation of research findings. 

The OMHA also coordinates activities to foster 

greater participation of underrepresented minorities 

in NHLBI research and research training programs. 

Selected FY 2005 activities include the following: 

• Issuing four training and career development 

RFAs to increase the number of highly trained 

minorities conducting biomedical and 

behavioral research. Additional targeted groups 

include individuals from underrepresented 

racial and ethnic groups or disadvantaged 

backgrounds or individuals with disabilities. 

• Participating in HHS-Endorsed Minority 

Organization Internship Programs by providing 

positions in NHLBI extramural divisions to 

students from the National Association for 

12. Minority Activities
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activites

140

Equal Opportunity in Higher Education, the 

Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities, 

and the Washington Internships for Native Students 

programs. 

• Cosponsoring with the NIH, the Cherokee 

Elementary School Project: Out of the Box, which 

is designed to create awareness and interest in the 

importance of science, medicine, and health; 

eliminate gaps in quality of health among minorities 

by encouraging health-related careers; and encourage youngsters to take responsibility for their own 

health. 

• Supporting the African American, Hispanic, and 

Native American Youth Initiatives to bring minority 

students to the NIH campus for scientific presentations, an introduction to NHLBI’s research 

training and career development programs, and a 

tour of several NHLBI laboratories. 

• Providing undergraduate students from the Tougaloo 

College Scholars program the opportunity to 

observe biomedical research at the NHLBI during a 

3-day tour of the NIH that included learning about 

the NIH and available research training 

opportunities.

• Conducting a workshop on “Academic and Career 

Guidance” for Intramural Research Training Award 

(IRTA) students including the Biomedical Research 

Training Program for Underrepresented Groups to 

facilitate postbaccalaureate students to phase into 

biomedical research careers. 

See Chapter 13 for additional NHLBI-supported 

minority research training and career development 

programs. 

The following text describes selected current projects 

that focus on minority populations and reflect the Institute’s research portfolio related to minority health. Additional information can be found in Chapters 9 through 11. 

Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Risk Factors 

Epidemiology 

Long-term epidemiologic studies are critical to uncovering risk factors that lead to disease. The Institute has 

initiated several major studies of heart disease focused 

significantly or completely on minority populations. 

• CARDIA (see Chapter 10): To determine the 

evolution of CHD risk factors and lifestyle 

characteristics in young adults that may influence 

development of risk factors prior to middle age; 

50 percent of the participants are black. 

• ARIC (see Chapter 10): To investigate the association of CHD risk factors with development of 

atherosclerosis and CVD in an adult population; 

30 percent of the participants are black. 

• CHS (see Chapter 10): To examine risk factors for 

CHD and stroke in the elderly; 16 percent of the 

participants are black. 

• Strong Heart Study (see Chapter 9): To compare 

risk factor levels and morbidity and mortality from 

CVD among American Indians from three different 

geographic locations. 

• JHS (see Chapter 10): To identify environmental 

and genetic factors influencing evolution and 

progression of CVD in blacks. 

• MESA (see Chapter 10): To examine the 

characteristics of subclinical CVD that predict 

progression to clinically overt CVD and related risk 

factors that predict subclinical disease in blacks, 

whites, Hispanics, and Asians; 62 percent of the 

participants are minorities. 

• GOCADAN (see Chapter 9): To document CVD 

risk factors and measures of subclinical disease and 

to identify and characterize genes that contribute to 

CVD in approximately 40 extended Alaska Native 

families. 

Several investigator-initiated epidemiologic studies are 

examining gene–environment interactions that increase 

CVD risk factors among various racial groups. Included 

among them are studies that compare gene–environment 

interactions in black populations in Africa, the Caribbean, and selected areas of the United States; determine 

the genes responsible for the metabolic syndrome, a risk 

factor for CVD, in 10,000 Chinese sibling pairs; determine the genes responsible for CVD risk factor response 

to dietary fat changes in blacks; investigate genes 

influencing changes in blood pressure in response to 

high- and low-salt diets in a rural Chinese population; 

and identify and map specific genes that contribute to 

CVD risk in Mexican Americans.

Scientific evidence is emerging that implicates cellular 

and inflammatory processes in the development and 

characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque and the clinical 
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course of CVD. One study seeks to identify cellular, 

metabolic, and genomic correlates of atherosclerotic 

plaque characteristics and early changes in the vascular 

wall in a subset of the ARIC cohort that is predominately 

black. Another study is elucidating the links between 

socioeconomic factors, stress, inflammation and hemostasis, and cardiovascular risk in a large and diverse 

population-based sample. 

Several drugs in four widely used classes of noncardiovascular medications (fluoroquinolone and macrolide 

antibiotics, antipsychotics, and antidepressants) have 

been shown to be pro-arrhythmic and thus increase the 

risk of sudden cardiac death. Investigators are conducting 

a study, using a large and comprehensive data set of about 

800,000 people, 40 percent blacks, to understand the role 

of these medications on the risk of sudden cardiac death. 

Research findings will provide information that clinicians 

need to prescribe these widely used medications in a way 

that minimizes the risk of sudden cardiac death.

An ancillary study to MESA is seeking to determine 

whether impairment of myocardial perfusion reserve can 

serve as a marker of CHD. Scientists hypothesize that 

impaired myocardial perfusion reserve indicates the presence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and coronary 

microvascular disease. Developing a new measure of 

subclinical disease would enable early interventions and 

lifestyle modifications to prevent CHD. Fifty percent of 

the population will be Hispanic. Other ancillary studies 

to MESA are investigating progression of carotid atherosclerosis, association of risk factors with arteriosclerosis 

measured in retinal vessels, and the relationship of sex 

hormones to subclinical CVD and other risk factors in 

men and women. 

The Institute is supporting additional epidemiologic 

investigations that include a study of Chagas’ disease—

a leading cause of heart disease throughout Latin 

America—to identify genetic determinants of susceptibility to infection and differential disease pathogenesis in 

a black population residing in rural Brazil; a project to use 

pooled data from nine existing U.S. studies to compare 

between blacks and whites, CHD incidence and mortality 

rates, exposure–outcome relationship, patterns of comorbidity, and population attributable risk; and a study to 

evaluate and compare the extent of atherosclerosis and 

risk factors for CHD in three different populations: U.S., 

Japanese American in Hawaii, and Japanese in Japan. 

Treatment and Prevention 

Low-dose aspirin is cost effective and efficacious for 

the prevention and treatment of CHD. However, some 

individuals, perhaps because of genetic variations across 

individuals, do not respond to the treatment. A genetic 

study in high-risk siblings of patients with premature 

CHD, along with their adult offspring, is seeking to 

determine whether low-dose aspirin responsiveness is 

heritable and whether it is associated with specific variations in candidate genes or defined haplotypes; 50 percent of the participants are black.

Many evidence-based guidelines for treatment of risk 

factors or disease have been developed, but they are often 

not adhered to by patients—especially minority populations—or adopted in routine clinical practice. The Institute has initiated the following activities to address this 

important problem: 

• Trials Assessing Innovative Strategies To Improve 

Clinical Practice Through Guidelines in Heart, 

Lung, and Blood Diseases: To identify obstacles to 

implementing national evidence-based guidelines 

and test interventions to promote their use in clinical 

practice. Several approaches will be tested, 

including use of decision support tools; interactive 

seminars; Internet learning; a computerized patient 

activation tool placed in the waiting room of 

primary care offices; and performance feedback and 

practice profiling. 

• Overcoming Barriers to Treatment Adherence in 

Minorities and Persons Living in Poverty: To 

overcome barriers to treatment adherence for 

lifestyle changes and pharmacologic therapy in 

minorities and persons living in poverty. Studies are 

testing several approaches, such as telephone-based 

interventions, nurse case management and counseling, and patient and physician education intervention in clinical and community settings designed to 

overcome patient, provider, and medical systems 

barriers that impede treatment adherence. Urban 

and rural blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and women are 

the targeted groups. 

Although great progress has been achieved in reducing 

CVD morbidity and mortality in the United States over 

the past 40 years, minorities have not shared fully in the 

progress and continue to have higher CVD morbidity. To 

address this problem, the Institute has initiated programs 

directed at reducing cardiovascular disparities:

• Partnership Programs To Reduce Cardiovascular 

Disparities: To expand the capacity of research 

institutions to reduce health disparities, encourage 

more researchers to focus on minority health, and 

improve minority acceptance and community 
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willingness to participate in research by pairing 

research-intensive medical centers that have a track 

record of NIH-supported research and patient care 

with minority health care serving institutions that 

lack a strong research program. Research will focus 

on the complex biological, behavioral, and societal 

factors that result in cardiovascular health disparities 

in their target populations (e.g., blacks, Hispanics, 

Native Hawaiians, Pacific Islanders). 

• Cultural Competence and Health Disparities 

Academic Award: To enhance the ability of 

physicians and other health care professionals to 

address disparities in the occurrence, management, 

and outcomes of cardiovascular, pulmonary, 

hematological, and sleep disorders among various 

population groups in the United States in a 

culturally sensitive manner. The award provides 

support to medical institutions in the United States 

to develop core curricula and other educational 

materials to increase the overall knowledge and 

skills of medical students, house staff, and other 

health professionals, including practicing 

physicians, on ethnic, cultural, religious, 

socioeconomic, linguistic, and other factors that 

contribute to health disparities, and on culturally 

competent approaches to mitigating them. 

• Community-Responsive Interventions To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in American Indians and 

Alaska Natives: To test the effectiveness of 

culturally appropriate behavioral interventions that 

promote adoption of healthy lifestyles related to 

heart disease and stroke risk, including healthy diet, 

regular physical activity, smoking cessation, and 

stress management in American Indians and Alaska 

Natives. 

Education 

The NHLBI, through its education programs (see 

Chapter 2), disseminates health information to physicians, health care professionals, patients, and the public 

on ways to prevent or treat diseases within the Institute’s 

mandate. It has developed the following communitybased programs to combat cardiovascular health disparities among four major cultural/ethnic groups: blacks, 

Hispanics, American Indians and Alaska Natives, and 

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. 

• Public Health in Public Housing: Improving 

Health, Changing Lives: To disseminate to 

populations residing in public housing health 

information about improving cardiovascular health 

by adopting heart healthy lifestyles.

• Salud para su Corazón: To disseminate information 

on CVD prevention, intervention, and treatment and 

promote heart healthy behaviors in Hispanic 

communities through lay health educators 

(promotores model). 

• NHLBI–Indian Health Service Partnership To 

Strengthen the Heartbeat of American Indian and 

Alaska Native Communities: To develop and 

initiate in three tribal communities effective 

approaches to improve cardiovascular health, 

including implementing tailored heart health 

strategies, and creating a national cardiovascular 

health training program, “Honoring the Gift of 

Heart Health,” with the Indian Health Service. 

• NHLBI Asian American and Pacific Islanders 

Heart Health Outreach Project: To develop 

culturally and linguistically appropriate outreach 

activities and information to increase community 

awareness of heart disease and its associated risk 

factors and to promote heart healthy lifestyles 

among a diverse Asian American and Pacific 

Islander population. 

In addition to the activities mentioned above, the Institute has prepared publications on CVD prevention for 

minority populations. They include the following: 

• Improving Cardiovascular Health in African 

Americans—Package of Seven Easy-To-Read 

Booklets

• Heart-Healthy Home Cooking African American 

Style

• Eight Easy-to-Read Booklets in Spanish and 

English on Heart Health 

• Bringing Heart Health to Latinos: A Guide for 

Building Community Programs

• Your Heart, Your Life: A Health Educator’s Manual

for the Latino community 

• Filipinos Aspire for Healthy Hearts Fact Sheets in

Tagalog and English 

• Filipinos Take It To Heart: A How-To Guide for 

Bringing Heart Health to Your Community

• Vietnamese Aspire for Healthy Hearts Fact Sheets 

in Vietnamese and English 

• Treat Your Heart to a Healthy Celebration directed 

to American Indians and Alaskan Natives

• Honoring the Gift of Heart Health: A Heart Health 

Educator’s Manual for Native Americans. 
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The educational materials listed throughout this chapter may be obtained from the NHLBI public Web site or 

through the NHLBI online catalog. 

Arrhythmias

During the past decade, research studies have shown a 

lower incidence of atrial fibrillation in blacks compared 

to whites. However, the picture for ventricular fibrillation, a more lethal disturbance of heart rhythm, is far 

less sanguine. Blacks with ventricular fibrillation were 

less likely than whites to undergo electrophysiologic testing and, when discharged from the hospital, had higher 

mortality rates over the next year. In addition, blacks 

with out-of-hospital arrest suffered more ventricular 

arrhythmias than whites in every age group. Survival 

rates after cardiac arrest were 3.25 times greater for 

whites than blacks. 

The NHLBI is supporting basic and genetic research 

on cardiac arrhythmias to elucidate the mechanisms 

involved in control of heart beat/rhythm and to develop 

improved therapies for all ethnic/racial groups in the 

United States. One research group has found a gene variant in blacks that produces a small increase in risk of 

arrhythmia. In combination with certain medications, 

low blood potassium levels, or structural heart disease, 

such a gene variant might further magnify the risk of lifethreatening arrhythmias. Another group is studying 

selected genes and their variants that are likely candidates for modulating cardiac rhythm, may contribute to 

variations in response to drug treatment of atrial fibrillation, and may alter healthy heart rhythm patterns.

High Blood Pressure 

Etiology and Pathophysiology 

High blood pressure is a serious health problem that 

is especially prevalent and severe among minorities. 

Institute-initiated studies addressing the etiology and 

pathophysiology of high blood pressure include: 

• Molecular Genetics of Hypertension (see Chapter 9): 

To determine the etiology and pathogenesis of 

hypertension and its complications in order to 

improve diagnosis and treatment. Many of the 

subprojects have a high percentage of minority 

participation; others target blacks or Hispanics 

exclusively. 

• Family Blood Pressure Program (see Chapter 9): 

To use a network of investigators to identify genes 

associated with high blood pressure and to examine 

interactions between genetic and environmental 

determinants of hypertension in specific minority 

populations: blacks, Mexican Americans, and 

Asians. 

The NHLBI supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies to identify genes linked to hypertension 

in blacks, Mexican Americans, and whites to determine if 

part of the disparity in prevalence can be attributed to 

genetic differences among the groups. Genes under 

investigation include those associated with the reninangiotensin system, the autonomic nervous system, and 

sodium transport. 

The Institute supports a number of projects to examine 

antecedents of hypertension in children to determine 

racial differences in blood pressure regulation. One 

study is determining relationships between cardiovascular reactivity in adolescent normotensive blacks and 

development of pathobiologic markers of hypertension 

risk (i.e., increased resting blood pressure, left ventricular 

mass, and relative wall thickness) later in life. Another is 

investigating the genetics of cardiovascular reactivity following stress in black youths. 

Researchers also are examining the influence of SES 

and ethnic discrimination on stress reactivity to determine if it provides a pathophysiologic link to CVD in 

blacks. One group is examining the combined influence 

of low SES and ethnicity on development of behavioral 

risk factors (i.e., hostility, anxiety, and heightened cardiovascular reactivity to stress) in a group of adolescents; 

50 percent of them are black. Another group is assessing 

the relationship between early life exposure to socioeconomic stressors, such as adverse socioeconomic conditions, low levels of social integration, and racial 

discrimination, and development of hypertension in 

blacks. 

Investigators have observed that blacks have an augmented blood pressure response to salt. A study to 

improve understanding of the genetic basis and phenotypic characterization of salt-sensitive hypertension in 

blacks has located a specific region of the kidney where 

sodium is reabsorbed more extensively in blacks than in 

whites. 

Impaired sodium regulation also appears to be linked 

to the development of hypertension. Scientists are investigating the effects of stress on salt retention and measuring hormonal variables known to influence sodium 
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regulation. One study is seeking to determine whether 

the mechanisms regulating sodium retention differ 

between blacks and whites. Researchers found that 

black youths have a slower salt excretion rate in response 

to stress than white youths. Another study is examining 

the role of sodium and obesity in hypertension development among blacks living in three different environments: Nigeria, Jamaica, and Chicago. In a twin study 

consisting of 41 percent blacks, scientists are investigating sodium retention as a mechanism augmenting systemic vascular resistance and changes in vascular 

function, ventricular structure, and blood presssure. 

The role of dietary factors, particularly macronutrients, in the etiology of high blood pressure is another 

area of investigation. Scientists are conducting epidemiologic studies among participants with diverse ethnicity, 

SES, and dietary habits in four countries to determine the 

impact of selected dietary components (proteins, lipids, 

carbohydrates, amino acids, calcium, magnesium, 

sodium, potassium, antioxidants, fiber, and caffeine) on 

blood pressure. Another study is seeking to identify the 

link between healthy diet, genetic factors, and their 

underlying biological mechanisms.

Treatment and Prevention 

Identifying effective treatment strategies for various 

populations requires large-scale studies with representative populations in sufficient numbers. 

• ALLHAT (see Chapter 11): To compare the 

combined incidence of fatal CHD and nonfatal MI 

among patients receiving ACE inhibitors, calcium 

antagonists, or alpha-1 blockers and patients in a 

control group receiving a diuretic. Also, in a subset 

of these groups, to determine whether cholesterollowering therapy reduces mortality in moderately 

hypercholesterolemic individuals compared with a 

control group; 32 percent of the participants are 

black and 19 percent are Hispanic. Research 

findings demonstrated that the less expensive 

traditional diuretics work better than newer 

medicines in treating high blood pressure and 

preventing some forms of heart disease and should 

be preferred as a first therapy for most patients with 

high blood pressure. 

• Ancillary Pharmacogenetic Studies in Heart, Lung, 

and Blood Diseases and Sleep Disorders: To 

conduct pharmacogenetic studies in ongoing or 

completed clinical trials/studies related to heart, 

lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders to 

examine genetic influences on interindividual 

differences in prescription drug response. 

Understanding the genetic influences may permit 

improved medication choice and dosing in 

individuals and help avoid either serious adverse 

response or lack of response to therapy. Three of 

the studies focus on antihypertensive drugs and 

include 50 to 58 percent blacks. 

Although it is well known that reducing hypertension 

will reduce CVD rates, the implementation of evidencebased guidelines for hypertension treatment in clinical 

practice is not very high. To address this issue, the 

NHLBI initiated a program to improve hypertension control rates in blacks, a group with the highest prevalence 

and earliest onset of hypertension and with a disparately 

high premature cardiovascular mortality and morbidity: 

• Interventions To Improve Hypertension Control 

Rates in African Americans: To evaluate the 

feasibility of clinical interventions directed at the 

medical care delivery system to increase the 

proportion of blacks who have their blood pressure 

controlled to levels specified by the JNC VII 

guidelines. 

Understanding racial differences in blood pressure 

control is an area of major interest for the Institute. Scientists are examining whether variations in genes of the 

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system predict differences 

in blood pressure response to diuretic therapy among 

hypertensive blacks and whites. Research also is being 

focused on variations in the ACE gene between blacks 

and whites to explain racial differences in the antihypertensive responsiveness to ACE inhibitors. 

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies to evaluate various interventions to 

improve hypertension management. One study is testing 

the effectiveness of a two-staged intervention involving 

telemonitoring of blood pressure and telephone-based 

nurse care management in 12 community-based clinics 

that serve economically disadvantaged, largely black and 

Hispanic populations. Another study is evaluating two 

interventions compared to usual care (regular primary 

care clinic visits) in blacks with hypertension who have 

several risk factors (smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and 

high sodium intake) for CVD. The interventions include 

the following: (1) simultaneous intervention (smoking 

cession, increased exercise, and decreased salt intake) in 
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a clinical session, with stage-specific telephone support 

and follow-up and (2) sequential intervention of each targeted behavior presented individually at a clinic session, 

with stage-specific telephone support and follow-up. 

Anger and hostility have been demonstrated as risk 

factors for hypertension. Scientists are evaluating an 

anger management intervention in a hospital setting with 

46 percent blacks to determine if it will lead to improved 

blood pressure and psychosocial risk factors (e.g., reduce 

depression). 

Education 

The NHLBI (see Chapter 2) has developed a number 

of outreach activities to inform minority populations of 

the importance of blood pressure control. Included 

among them are a toll-free number that provides materials on hypertension in English or Spanish; mini telenovelas (Más vale prevenir que lamentar), “health moments” 

to reinforce CVD prevention for local Spanish-language 

television stations; a Spanish version of the High Blood 

Pressure Education Month Kit; and several publications 

for health professionals, patients, and the public. Below 

are some examples: 

• Sí se Puede: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta con Actividad Física

• Plan de Alimentación Saludable Contra la 

Hipertensión: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta Siguiendo el Plan de Alimentación 

Conocida Como DASH 

• Sí se Puede: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta. Lo Que Usted Debe Saber Sobre la 

Preventión y Control de la Presión Arterial Alta 

• Sí se Puede: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta. Lo Que los Médicos Deben Saber 

• Take Steps To Prevent High Blood Pressure in

English and Spanish

• Cut Down on Salt and Sodium in English and 

Spanish

• Churches as an Avenue to High Blood Pressure 

Control 

• Working With Religious Congregations: A Guide for 

Health Professionals 

• Protect Your Heart! Prevent High Blood Pressure 

• Spice Up Your Life! Eat Less Salt and Sodium 

• Keep the Harmony Within You—Check Your Blood 

Pressure 

• Keep Your Heart in Check—Know Your Blood 

Pressure Number in Tagalog and English and in 

Vietnamese and English

• Prevent and Control High Blood Pressure: Mission 

Possible.

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee Activities 

Member organizations of the NHBPEP coordinating 

committee have continuing education programs on the 

prevention and treatment of hypertension that are focused 

on their minority members. They also support hypertension prevention and awareness in community-based settings such as screening and church activities, community 

awareness campaigns, and media events. 

High Serum Cholesterol 

Etiology 

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated projects to identify genes that influence the lipoprotein profile within various racial and ethnic groups. 

Research findings could offer an explanation for differences in susceptibility to CHD found between various 

racial and ethnic groups. 

Variation in hepatic lipase activity is associated with 

differences in plasma concentrations of HDL and LDL 

synthesis and catabolism. Researchers are investigating 

whether ethnic differences in hepatic lipase activity are 

responsible for the well-known differences in plasma 

HDL concentrations found in blacks and whites. Genetic 

studies are being conducted on a population that is 

39 percent black. 

Prevention 

The NHLBI is supporting an investigator-initiated 

study among minority preschool children to track the 

long-term effectiveness of nutrition interventions on 

blood cholesterol and diet. Additional potential risk factors, such as increased blood pressure, obesity, and intention to smoke, will also be monitored. 

Education 

The NCEP (see Chapter 2) has prepared the following 

publications on blood cholesterol for minority audiences. 

• Learn Your Cholesterol Number in Spanish and 

English 

• Protect Your Heart—Lower Your Blood Cholesterol 

in Spanish and English 
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• Heart-Healthy Home Cooking African American 

Style

• Delicious Heart-Healthy Latino Recipes 

• Cut Down on Fat—Not on Taste in Spanish and 

English 

• Empower Yourself! Learn Your Cholesterol Number 

• Be Heart Smart! Eat Foods Lower in Saturated Fats 

and Cholesterol 

• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Treat 

Your Heart to a Healthy Celebration 

• Serve Up a Healthy Life—Give the Gift of Good 

Nutrition in Tagalog and English, and in 

Vietnamese and English.

Obesity 

Etiology 

The latest NHANES data show a continued rise in the 

proportion of Americans who are overweight; black 

women are especially at risk. To understand the reasons 

for the racial disparity among women, the Institute initiated a long-term program, the NHLBI Growth and Health 

Study (NGHS), to examine the development of obesity 

and CVD risk factors in a biracial cohort of young girls. 

The study, which ended in FY 2000, found black girls 

consumed more calories and a higher percentage of calories from fat and watched more television than white 

girls. An investigator-initiated study using the NGHS 

cohort, starting at ages 18 to 19 years, is examining the 

changes in cardiac output and total peripheral resistance 

that occur with developing obesity and their influence on 

ethnic difference in blood pressure regulation. Another 

project, using data from the NGHS, is examining CHD 

risk factors in black and white girls to identify genes 

involved in black–white differences in lipid metabolism 

and obesity. 

Black women have been shown to manifest lower resting energy expenditure than white women. Scientists 

seeking to improve our understanding of ethnicity, genetics, energy metabolism, and obesity development will 

examine the relationship between two genes implicated 

in energy metabolism and resting energy expenditure in 

high-risk blacks.

Menopause-related coronary risk was previously 

believed to be associated with a gain in total body fat. 

Research, however, suggests that the location of the fat, 

not the total fat per se, is the key risk factor. An 

investigator-initiated study is seeking to determine if 

indices of central adiposity, particularly intra-abdominal 

fat, predict coronary events better than indices of total fat. 

The study is also examining the role of central adiposity 

with altered glucose and lipid metabolism and elevated 

blood pressure; 48 percent of the population is black. 

Treatment and Prevention 

The NHLBI has initiated several programs to treat or 

prevent obesity. 

• Overweight and Obesity Control at Worksites: To 

test innovative interventions that emphasize 

environmental approaches or the combination of 

environmetal and individual approaches at 

worksites to prevent or treat obesity in adults. 

Environmental strategies include programs, 

policies, or organizational practices (e.g., increasing 

the availability of, and providing access to, 

healthful food choices and facilities for physical 

activity, and creating a socially supportive climate 

to influence healthy behaviors).

• POUND LOST (see Chapter 9): To evaluate the 

effectiveness of four diets differing in macronutrient 

composition to promote and sustain weight loss in 

overweight and obese individuals; approximately 

25 percent of the participants will be black.

• Primordial Prevention of Overweight in American 

Indian Children (see Chapter 9): To prevent 

American Indian children from becoming 

overweight at an early age. Culturally appropriate 

interventions, including family counseling to 

improve nutrition and physical activity in infants 

and toddlers, will be developed and introduced 

community-wide.

• WLM (see Chapter 9): To determine the 

effectiveness of continuous patient contact on 

weight loss maintenance in adults who recently lost 

weight; 40 percent of the patients are black.

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies on the effectiveness of obesity prevention and control interventions among diverse 

populations. One study is testing the effectiveness of 

weight-control interventions (involving diet, physical 

activity, and psychosocial and familial influences) 

administered during the critical transition period from 

prepuberty to puberty in black girls at high risk for 

obesity. Two studies are evaluating the effectiveness of 

weight control programs to prevent weight gain in a 

predominately black population that has recently 

completed a smoking cessation program. The blood 

pressure status of the participants, who are prehypertensive or hypertensive at the beginning of the studies, 

will be monitored. 
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Hispanic parents and children are participating in a 

program that targets physical activity and dietary 

behaviors in a microenvironment (i.e., home environment) 

and in a macroenvironment (i.e., apartment complex, 

schools, grocery stores, parks, restaurants). Community 

health workers (promotoras) are working with the families 

and the community to increase awareness and promote 

environmental change. Preadolescent black girls are the 

subject of (1) a study to test the efficacy of an after-school 

dance program and (2) a family-based intervention 

involving reduced use of television, videotapes, and video 

games to reduce weight gain.

Obesity is one of the major health challenges facing 

American Indian children and has serious implications 

for the development of type 2 diabetes. A school-based 

intervention, augmented with a family intervention, is 

focusing on reducing excess weight gain by increasing 

physical activity and healthy dietary practices in 

kindergarten and first-grade American Indian children. 

A project with a subject population consisting of Asians, 

Hispanics, and whites is testing an integrated school- and 

community-based intervention involving physical activity and diet to reduce the prevalence of obesity. 

Blacks at high risk of CVD often have limited success 

in weight loss and lifestyle change programs. A study 

was initiated to examine the role of social support, 

particularly from family members and friends, to 

facilitate weight loss and related dietary and physical 

activity changes in blacks.

Education 

The NHLBI OEI (see Chapter 2) has prepared health 

information on losing excess weight for minorities. 

• Watch Your Weight in English and Spanish 

• Embrace Your Health! Lose Weight if You Are 

Overweight.

Physical Inactivity 

The Institute has initiated research on the effectiveness 

of an intervention program to encourage greater physical 

activity among adolescent girls. 

• TAAG (see Chapter 11): To test the effectiveness of 

school–community-linked interventions to reduce 

the decline in physical activity in adolescent girls, 

from grades 6 through 8. As estimated 5,000 girls, 

approximately 50 percent minority, from 36 schools 

are participating. 

The NHLBI supports several investigator-initiated 

studies on strategies to increase physical activity among 

minority populations. Included among them are studies 

to examine the effect of vigorous exercise on reduction of 

childhood obesity in black girls. A school-based study is 

evaluating the effects of vigorous exercise programs on 

decreasing the accretion of general and visceral adiposity 

in black girls. 

An ancillary study to an Institute-initiated program to 

reduce the decline in physical activity in adolescent girls 

(TAAG) is investigating the influence of community 

characteristics (e.g., street design, access to public transportation, facilities for physical activity, population mix, 

socioeconomic mix of the neighborhood) on physical 

activity levels and body mass index; approximately 

50 percent of the girls are minority. Two other studies are 

seeking to determine the factors that lead to decline in 

physical activity in adolescent girls. They include the 

effects of previous exposure to physical activity intervention, race and ethnicity, weight, psychosocial influences, 

and the environment.

Physical inactivity among children is often attributed 

to the lack of open space, lack of recreational equipment, 

and fear by parents for the safety of children playing outdoors. A study is being conducted to determine if an 

intervention that changes these neighborhood features in 

a low-income, inner-city neighborhood will increase 

physical activity in children.

Scientists have observed an age-related decline in aerobic capacity, but have not been able to discern the 

effects of physical activity, body fat, and genetic variation on its rate of change. They also have little understanding about how the rate of change in aerobic capacity 

during early and middle adulthood affects CVD development. An ancillary, investigator-initiated study being 

conducted in conjunction with the Year 20 CARDIA 

examination is addressing these issues. Data from this 

study should increase understanding of the interrelationships of cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and 

CVD-related risk factors and endpoints, and may provide 

the basis for more extensive evidence-based recommendations on the role of fitness in cardiovascular health; 

46 percent of the participants are black.

Education 

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

for minorities on the importance of physical activity and 

ways to become more physically active. 

• Stay Active and Feel Better in English and Spanish 

• Energize Yourself! Stay Physically Active 
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• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Be 

Active for Your Heart! 

• Be Active for a Healthy Heart in Tagalog and 

English

• Be Active for a Healthier Heart in Vietnamese and 

English. 

The Institute also has developed a Web-based application on physical activity for lay health educators in 

English and Spanish, which can be found at 

http://hin.nhlbi.nih.gov/salud/pa/index.htm. 

Smoking 

Smoking among minorities has increased significantly 

compared with whites. To determine the causes of the 

increase, the Institute is supporting an investigatorinitiated study in a predominately minority population to 

examine factors that prompt them to initiate smoking. In 

addition, the study seeks to identify predictors of 

cessation.

The Institute is also supporting a number of studies of 

smoking intervention and follow-up cessation maintenance that specifically target minorities. Two studies are 

evaluating the effectiveness of smoking cessation 

programs for smokers who seek treatment at the hospital 

emergency department. One study involves patients who 

suffer from acute respiratory illness; approximately 35 

percent are minorities. The other targets Chinese 

American patients hospitalized with CVD, pulmonary 

disease, or diabetes mellitus. A third study is seeking to 

determine if the addition of a physical activity intervention improves smoking cessation; 45 percent of the 

participants are blacks.

Two types of pharmacologic therapies (nicotine 

replacement therapy and sustained-release bupropion) 

have been approved by the FDA for smoking cessation 

in the United States. Scientists are comparing the ability 

of each drug alone or in combination to increase initial 

and long-term smoking cessation rates in young lowincome and minority smokers. Another study is evaluating the efficacy of a weight loss drug intervention to 

prevent weight gain in obese individuals participating in 

a smoking cessation program; 44 percent of the 

participants are black.

Education 

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on smoking cessation for minorities. 

• Kick the Smoking Habit in English and Spanish 

• Refresh Yourself! Stop Smoking 

• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Help 

Your Heart 

• Don’t Burn Your Life Away—Be Good to Your Heart 

in Tagalog and English and in Vietnamese and 

English. 

Psychosocial Factors 

Major depression is a risk factor in the development of 

ischemic heart disease and for death after an acute MI. 

Investigator-initiated research is seeking to determine the 

pathways that link depression to physiological mechanisms in post-MI patients. One study is examining the 

link between the severity of depressive symptoms to the 

inflammatory process implicated in atherogenesis by 

focusing on the basal expression of cytokines and cell 

adhesion molecules on blood monocytes. Another is 

focused on the autonomic nervous system and its link to 

depression. A third study is investigating the role of 

platelets, platelet aggregation, and adhesion in patients 

with major depression. Approximately a third of the 

population in the studies is black.

The NHLBI is interested in the effect of depression, 

anxiety, and lack of social support on prognosis after a 

CHD event. An investigator-initiated study is examining 

the efficacy of individual and group therapy in post-MI 

patients who are socially isolated or clincally depressed. 

Scientists will be measuring biological risk factors (e.g., 

lipids, adiposity, coagulation factors) and possible 

subclinical markers of disease (e.g. carotid intima-media 

thickness, coronary calcification); 34 percent of the 

participants are black.

The Institute supports investigator-initiated research 

on the role of race and ethnicity, psychosocial and environmental factors, and low SES in the development of 

CHD. Scientists are investigating the contribution of 

biobehavioral factors (hostility, anxiety, and heightened 

cardiovascular reactivity to stress) in the etiology, 

pathogenesis, and course of CHD. Racial differences in 

stress-induced physiologic responses also are being 

examined. Other investigators are focused on the 

relationships of psychosocial stress, sleep disordered 

breathing, and nocturnal physiological measures with 

emerging risk factors and subclinical CVD; 50 percent of 

the participants are black.

Investigators are interested in the effects of race and 

psychosocial factors, such as hostility, on glucose 

metabolism. A study was initiated to determine how 

hostility is differentially related to glucose metabolism in 

blacks and whites. Research findings may increase 
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understanding of the differences in the etiology of 

diabetes in the two groups.

Additional areas of interest include the genetic basis 

of aggression and the relationships between riskpromoting variables (psychosocial stress, smoking, poor 

diet, physical inactivity); presumed mediating variables 

(sympathetic nervous system activity and insulin metabolism); and CHD risk factors. Fifty to sixty percent of 

the participants are black or Hispanic. 

Diabetes 

Diabetes mellitus is a strong risk factor for CVD. Its 

prevalence is increasing due to the significant increase of 

obesity and physical inactivity in the population, especially among blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians. 

To address this growing problem, the Institute is supporting an investigator-initiated study on defining the 

relationship between the overall dose of endurance exercise training and the corresponding response of metabolic risk factors in an overweight and obese biracial 

female population. Another study will determine if 

adolescents with type 2 diabetes have a high risk of 

developing clinical CVD in their late 20s or 30s. Scientists are using noninvasive imaging techniques for 

detecting subclinical atherosclerosis to measure CVD 

development in a predominatly black population.

Hypertension and diabetes are major contributors to 

CVD and occur disproportionately in blacks. In particular, black women seem to have earlier disease onset and 

poorer outcomes. Scientists are investigating the link 

between hypertension and type 2 diabetes and the 

relative excess of androgen found in black women to 

determine whether insulin resistance, excess androgen, 

and endothelial dysfunction contribute to accelerated 

vascular injury in blacks. 

Treatment 

The NHLBI supports clinical trials to determine the 

benefits of various strategies to reduce CVD among 

patients with diabetes or treat patients with coronary 

artery disease and diabetes. 

• ACCORD (see Chapter 11): To evaluate the 

benefits of different therapies to reduce CVD in 

type 2 diabetes; more than one-third of the 

participants are minorities. 

• BARI 2D (see Chapter 9): To evaluate whether 

urgent revascularization offers an advantage over 

medical therapy in patients with coronary artery 

disease and diabetes. In addition, for a given level 

of glycemic control, to determine whether insulinproviding drugs offer advantages or risks compared 

to insulin sensitizers (drugs that enhance insulin 

action); 33 percent of the participants are from 

minority populations. 

• SANDS (see Chapter 9): To compare intensive 

treatment (pharmacologic agents, such as ACE 

inhibitors and simvastatin for high blood pressure 

and LDL cholesterol) to conventional treatment in 

488 American Indians with diabetes, ages 40 or 

older. The primary outcome measure is change in 

carotid intimal-medial thickness. 

An investigator-initiated study will evaluate the effectiveness of a multiple risk factor intervention (diet, 

exercise, stress management, social support, smoking 

cessation) targeting postmenopausal Hispanic women 

with type 2 diabetes.

Lung Diseases 

The NHLBI supports research on a number of lung 

diseases, such as asthma, sarcoidosis, and TB, which disproportionately affect minorities. The following section 

provides examples of research to address health disparities in lung diseases. 

Asthma 

Etiology and Pathophysiology 

The NHLBI has initiated several studies to determine 

the etiology and pathophysiology of asthma.

• Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma (see 

Chapter 9): To delineate the cellular and molecular 

mechanisms underlying acute and chronic asthma 

through basic and clinical investigations.

• Severe Asthma Research Program: To determine 

the mechanistic basis for severe asthma and to 

determine how it differs from mild-to-moderate 

asthma. Several of the projects have strong 

minority participation.

• Asthma Exacerbation: Biology and Disease 

Progression: To elucidate the biologic mechanisms 

of asthma exacerbation pathobiology and resolution 

and to determine their effect on lung function, 

physiology, and disease state; 27 to 56 percent of 

the study participants will come from various 

minority populations. 
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The Institute also supports investigator-initiated 

projects on the etiology and pathophysiology of asthma. 

One study is using genomic screening to search for the 

genetic basis of asthma in a homogeneous Hispanic population in Costa Rica; another study is seeking to identify 

positional gene candidates for airway hyperresponsiveness and compare their association with asthma between 

two asthmatic groups: a white population on Tangier 

Island, VA, and a black population from Barbados; and a 

third study seeks to establish the link between specific 

genotypic variants and phenotypic markers, and to elucidate the immunological pathways that contribute to 

asthma severity in blacks from Harlem. 

Latinos carry a disproportionate burden of asthma, yet 

few investigators studying the genetics of asthma have 

focused on this group, partly due to the complexity of the 

Latino gene pool. A recently initiated study is developing and testing new methods to correct for population 

stratification due to racial admixture, a key problem confounding genetic studies in the Latino population. The 

project focuses on data from the NHLBI-supported 

Genetics of Asthma in Latino Americans (GALA) to 

assess population stratification. 

Occupational and environmental factors are known to 

trigger asthma symptoms. An investigator-initiated study 

is focusing on understanding the mechanisms by which 

occupational or environmental factors trigger the onset of 

asthma among low-income, urban blacks and Hispanics. 

Another study is examining the association of early exposure to endotoxin (which appears to promote the development of the immune system), nitrogen dioxide, and 

aeroallergens (which trigger asthma exacerbations); obesity; physical inactivity; and environmental tobacco 

smoke on the prevalence, persistence, and incidence of 

asthma in black and Hispanic children enrolled in innercity Head Start programs.

Circadian change in airway function is an important 

aspect of asthma, as more than 70 percent of deaths and 

80 percent of respiratory arrests occur during sleep. 

Forcusing on nocturnal asthma, researchers are investigating the mechanisms that cause the changes in airway 

function that lead to exacerbation of symptoms; 36 percent of the population is minority.

Treatment and Control 

The Institute has initiated research to identify optimal 

drug strategies for treatment and management of asthma. 

Because the burden of asthma disproportionately affects 

minority children, it is important for them to be well represented in clinical trials. 

• ACRN (see Chapter 11): To support an interactive 

network of asthma clinical research groups to 

conduct studies of new therapies for asthma and 

disseminate findings to the practicing community. 

Overall, 37 percent of the participants are from 

minority populations. 

• CAMP (see Chapter 11): To determine whether 

inhaled corticosteroids are safe and effective for 

long-term treatment of children with mild-tomoderate asthma. The therapy proved more 

effective than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory 

medication and significantly reduced airway 

hyperresponsiveness. The only side effect was a 

transient slowing in growth rate during the first year 

of treatment; 31 percent of the participants were 

minorities. 

• CARE (see Chapter 11): To support a network of 

pediatric clinical care centers to determine optimal 

treatment and management strategies for children 

with asthma. The studies considered by the network 

will attempt to customize therapy based on specific 

asthma phenotypes and genotypes; 30 percent of the 

population will be minorities. 

• Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities (see 

Chapter 9): To support partnerships between 

minority-serving institutions and research-intensive 

institutions to conduct studies on causes of and 

corrections for disparities in asthma among racial/

ethnic and low SES populations. Reciprocal 

training is encouraged to ensure culturally sensitive 

projects and enhance research capabilities. 

The Institute is also supporting investigator-initiated 

studies focusing on finding effective treatment for various populations. One study is examining the effect of 

steroids on enhanced alpha-adrenergic vascular responsiveness in asthma; 77 percent of the participants are 

minority. Another study is using preexisting, wellcharacterized asthma patient cohorts to identify genetic 

variants that can predict therapeutic response to asthma 

drugs. Scientists are interested in the influence of race/

ethnicity on the genetic factors associated with asthma 

therapeutic responses.
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Translational Activities 

Ensuring full use of modern asthma treatment strategies is an important goal of the NHLBI. The Institute is 

supporting an investigator-initiated study to determine 

the effectiveness of an intervention that is removing barriers to preventive care to improve asthma management 

and lower asthma morbidity. Scientists are using a 

Breathmobile to deliver asthma screening to black children attending Head Start Programs and a special consultation service to communicate directly with the parents 

about asthma management. Another study among lowincome, inner-city children with asthma attending preschool is testing a bilingual intervention program to 

improve asthma management; 60 percent of the participants are Hispanic and 40 percent are black. 

Additional studies to improve asthma management 

among minority groups include a study to determine 

whether shared decision making in choosing asthma 

therapy between patients and physicians improves adherence in a patient population consisting of 82 percent 

minorities and a study to test whether individualized 

interventions will improve asthma management in a 

black and Hispanic population. A third study seeks to 

improve asthma management by teaching children with 

asthma to recognize symptoms of the presence of airflow 

obstruction; 42 percent of the participants are black and 

6 percent are Hispanic. 

Two randomized controlled trials are being conducted 

among patients recruited at the time of an emergency 

department visit for asthma exacerbation. One study is 

testing an intervention to enhance knowledge, selfefficacy, and asthma-related social support; 40 percent of 

the patients are minority. The other focuses on young 

black children recruited at the time of an emergency 

department visit for asthma exacerbation. Investigators 

are testing the effectiveness of an intervention strategy 

that includes case management, telephone contacts, and 

a monetary incentive to increase follow-up visits to primary care providers. 

Three studies are evaluating the benefits of working 

with public school systems to improve adherence to 

asthma management. In Birmingham, scientists are 

evaluating the impact of school-based supervised asthma 

therapy on asthma exacerbations in a predominately 

black population with moderate-to-severe asthma. In 

New York, they are testing the ability of an intervention 

that includes in-school intensive asthma education to 

9th- and 10th-grade students who have persistent asthma 

and intensive asthma education for their community physicians to improve asthma morbidity; 90 percent of the 

participants are black. In Detroit, investigators are 

developing and evaluating computer-based instructions 

and peer counseling for black teens with asthma. 

Chronic environmental tobacco smoke exposure, particularly from parental smoking, is associated with more 

severe asthma, increased incidence of emergency department visits, life-threatening attacks, and prolonged time 

to recovery from asthma exacerbation requiring hospitalization. A study is being conducted to evaluate an intervention tailored to parental stage of change regarding 

smoking practice, to reduce asthma crisis care used by 

children with persistent asthma.

Education

The NAEPP (see Chapter 2) has developed easy-toread materials on asthma treatment and control directed 

to audiences with low literacy. 

• Facts About Controlling Your Asthma 

• El asma: Cómo Controlar Esta Enfermedad. 

Sarcoidosis 

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown 

etiology characterized by persistent granulomas with 

damage to surrounding tissue. The Institute has initiated 

a program to determine the immunopathogenesis of 

granulomatous inflammation found in sarcoidosis, 

including the role of predisposing factors, the immune 

components involved in the formation of granulomas, 

and the defective regulatory immune response.

Investigator-initiated studies on the causes of 

sarcoidosis include a study to identify genes linked to 

sarcoidosis susceptibility in blacks and to determine if 

hereditary susceptibility predisposes blacks to sarcoidosis, and a project to elucidate the mechanisms involved 

in the immunologic and inflammatory processes that 

ultimately lead to end-stage fibrosis in progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis; 50 percent of the participants are 

black. 

Sleep Disorders 

Etiology

Sleep apnea is a common disorder that disproportionately affects blacks and is associated with an increase 

risk of CVD; it is particularly prevalent in heart failure 

patients. An Institute-initiated program is assessing the 

interrelationship between sleep disorders and heart failure, and the mechanisms leading to cardiovascular stress 

when the two interact. 
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The NHLBI supports research on the etiology, pathophysiology, and consequences of sleep-disordered 

breathing (SDB), a condition characterized by repetitive 

interruptions in breathing. 

• Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea (see 

Chapter 9): To integrate molecular, cellular, and 

genetic approaches to sleep control with clinical 

investigation on the etiology and pathogenesis of 

sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea. One study 

has 39 percent minority participation.

• Sleep Heart Health Study (see Chapter 9): To 

determine the degree to which sleep apnea is an 

independent or contributing risk factor for the 

develop of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular 

disease; 23 percent of the participants are from 

various minority and ethnic populations.

The Institute also supports a wide spectrum of 

investigator-initiated projects to elucidate cardiovascular 

and other health consequences of SDB. Ongoing studies 

in various community settings are assessing the health 

risks of SDB within specific ethnic populations, including blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians. A 

study of sleep in black families will investigate whether 

sleep problems contribute to diabetes, and the potential 

relationship to CVD. Characterization of how SDB 

occurs within family groups is helping to identify 

potential genetic risk factors that may allow early identification and treatment of high-risk individuals. A 

community-based study of sleep in Hispanics is assessing the prevalence and awarenesss of sleep disorders. 

Treatment and Control 

The NHLBI has initiated a multisite clinical trial to 

find effective treatments for sleep apnea.

• APPLES (see Chapter 11): To determine whether 

continuous positive airway pressure is an effective 

treatment for excessive daytime sleepiness and 

cognitive impairment associated with moderate-tosevere SDB; 30 percent of the participants are 

minority. 

An investigator-initiated study will assess the impact 

of continuous positive airway pressure on functional outcomes in milder obstructive sleep apnea. The minority 

participation at U.S. sites is 46 percent, but is 13 percent 

of the total minority participation when Canadian sites 

are included.

Tuberculosis

Etiology

The Institute has initiated genetic studies to characterize genes associated with TB susceptibility and host 

immune responses to infection. 

• Genetic Aspects of Tuberculosis in the Lung: To 

identify genes or families of genes that determine 

resistance and susceptibility to mycobacterial 

infection, virulence, latency, reactivation of TB, and 

resistance to antituberculous drugs. A large number 

of the participants being recruited are from minority 

populations. 

Treatment and Control

The NHLBI supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies focused on understanding the relationship of the immune system to TB. Most of the patients 

are from minority populations with HIV. One group is 

seeking to identify the correlates of protective immunity 

in a Mexican American population in order to aid development of anti-TB vaccines. Another group is conducting a Phase I safety trial on a vaccine with a patient 

population consisting of 85 percent minorities. A third 

group is examining the role of interferon-gamma in the 

pathogenesis of TB among Hispanics with and without 

HIV. A fourth group is identifying and characterizing 

host factors that predispose Asians to develop TB. In 

predominately minority populations in the United States, 

a new study will compare the effectiveness of adding 

aerosolized interferon-gamma to the usual treatment regimen for advanced TB. 

The NHLBI also supports research to improve TB 

control among minority populations. One project is 

evaluating educational strategies to improve adherence 

to medication regimens and regular clinic visits among 

Hispanic adolescents infected with TB. Another study, 

located in the Harlem community of New York City, is 

testing a new strategy to promote adherence to therapy 

among inner-city TB patients. Both programs are outgrowths of behavioral research programs begun by the 

Institute in 1995. 

Education

Building on the foundation laid by the Tuberculosis 

Academic Award program, the NHLBI is supporting a 

consortium of five TB curriculum centers.
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• TB Curriculum Coordinating Center: To 

strengthen, expand, and increase access to the best 

ongoing educational and training opportunities in 

TB for medical, nursing, and allied health schools, 

especially those that provide primary care to 

communities where TB is endemic and the 

population is at high risk of developing TB. 

Blood Diseases

The NHLBI supports basic and clinical research on 

SCD and Cooley’s anemia with the goal of curing the 

disorders or improving patient care. 

Sickle Cell Disease

Basic Research 

SCD is an inherited blood disorder that produces 

chronic anemia, periodic episodes of pain, and end organ 

damage. It affects about 1 in 500 blacks and 1 in 1,000 

Hispanics. Since 1972, the NHLBI has supported an 

extensive research program to improve understanding of 

the pathophysiology of SCD and identify better 

approaches for its diagnosis and treatment and for prevention of complications. 

• Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers Program (see 

Chapter 9): To provide a multidisciplinary and 

multilevel research approach to expedite development and application of new knowledge into 

improved diagnosis and treatment of SCD and 

prevention of its complications. 

• Reference Laboratory To Evaluate Therapies for 

SCD (see Chapter 9): To use a battery of standardized tests for preclinical evaluation of potential new 

therapeutic agents for SCD. 

• Genetic Modifiers of Single Gene Defect Diseases: 

To identify genetic factors that predisposes 

patients with SCD to develop specific end-organ 

complications and to experience more or less severe 

clinical courses. Identification of such genetics 

factors will reveal new targets for developing 

therapy individualized to specific complications of 

SCD, thus leading to improved outcomes and 

increased life expectancy for patients.

• Mechanisms of Fetal Hemoglobin Gene Silencing 

for Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease and Cooley’s 

Anemia: To identify mechanisms of fetal 

hemoglobin gene silencing during normal human 

development and mechanisms of variable silencing 

in adults, and to develop therapeutic approaches to 

inhibit silencing. A renewed effort to understand 

the molecular basis of fetal hemoglobin silencing 

will facilitate the development of new gene-based 

therapeutic approaches to inhibit silencing, in order 

to increase fetal hemoglobin in red blood cells, and 

thus to cure beta-chain hemoglobinopathies such as 

SCD and Cooley’s anemia.

• Molecular Screening Assay Development for SCD: 

To support the development and adaptation of 

biological assays for automated, high throughput 

screening of compounds that can potentially be used 

to improve the understanding of the biology of SCD 

and provide inroads toward new agents for SCD 

treatments.

• Pulmonary Complications of Sickle Cell Disease: 

To stimulate translational research on the pulmonary complications of SCD. The initiative will 

stimulate collaborative research between investigators in hematology and pulmonary science that 

combine basic and clinical approaches. It includes 

research on the major known pulmonary complications of SCD due to acute chest syndrome, 

pulmonary hypertension, and oxyhemoglobin 

desaturation.

Hydroxyurea is used to treat patients with SCD. It can 

prevent some of the vasoocclusive complications of the 

disease, an effect due in part to increase fetal hemoglobin 

(HbF) production. The treatment can improve the clinical course of the disease and prolong survival in some 

patients. Investigator-initiated studies are seeking to discover genes that regulate HbF level and HbF response to 

hydroxyurea. 

In 2005, the NHLBI cosponsored two working groups 

with the NIH Office of Rare Diseases and the National 

Human Genome Research Institute. The first, entitled 

“An NIH Strategic Plan for the Development of Globin 

Gene Therapy for Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease and 

Cooley’s Anemia,” brought together leading investigators in the globin gene transfer field as well as patient 

advocates, the FDA, and industry representatives to discuss how the NHLBI can best facilitate translation of 

hemoglobin gene transfer into clinical trials for SCD and 

beta-thalassemia. The other, “Barriers to Late-Stage 

Drug Development for Hemoglobinopathies,” brought 

together experts from the NIH, drug companies, contract 

research organizations, and academia to evaluate options 
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Chapter 12. Minority Activites

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for the best ways to expedite drug development for 

hemoglobin disorders and other rare diseases.

The NHLBI addressed another area of serious concern 

for sickle cell patients, in 2005, by supporting a meeting 

on the “Renal and Urologic Complications in Sickle Cell 

Disease.” The working group assembled hematologists, 

renal specialists, and urologists to discuss the research 

needs and opportunities associated with the renal and 

urologic system problems in patients with SCD.

Clinical Research 

The NHLBI is committed to finding improved treatments and ultimately a cure for SCD and other hemoglobinopathies. Institute-initiated studies have begun to 

yield therapies that will alleviate the symptoms of sickle 

cell anemia and procedures that should ultimately provide a cure. 

• Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) Patients’ 

Follow-up (see Chapter 11): To determine the toxic 

effects of long-term hydroxyurea use in the patients 

who participated in the adult hydroxyurea clinical 

trial that ended successfully in 1995; 100 percent of 

the participants were black. A significant finding of 

the study was that patients who took hydroxyurea 

for 9 years experienced a 40 percent reduction in 

deaths. 

• BABY HUG (see Chapter 11): To assess the 

effectiveness of hydroxyurea in preventing onset of 

chronic organ damage in young black children with 

sickle cell anemia. At baseline, this trial has 

demonstrated that spleens and kidneys are already 

damaged by 1 year of age. 

• SWITCH (see Chapter 9): To demonstrate that 

hydroxyurea and phlebotomy can maintain an 

acceptable stroke recurrence rate and significantly 

reduce hepatic iron burden in comparison to 

transfusion plus chelation in children who have had 

prior overt stroke. 

• Multicenter Neurocognitive and Neuroimaging 

Study in Adult Sickle Cell Disease: To assess 

baseline neurocognitive function and neuroimaging 

abnormalities in adults with SCD and to randomize 

patients identified with subnormal neurocognitive 

scores to receive 6 months of transfusion versus 

standard care, followed by reassessment of baseline 

neurocognitive function. 

The NHLBI is supporting several transplant-related 

clinical studies that are seeking to reach minority populations. To ensure increased awareness and equitable 

opportunities for participation, the studies support bilingual transplant center personnel and provide public Web 

pages, educational materials, and informed consent documents in Spanish, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, and Vietnamese. In addition, focus groups have been held to 

identify barriers to participation. 

• Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network (see Chapter 11): In collaboration with the 

NCI, to promote the efficient comparison of 

innovative treatments and management strategies 

for patients undergoing blood or marrow transplantation. The Network has developed strategies and 

implemented procedures to enroll patients from 

minority groups. 

The Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (COBLT) 

Study was just completed in 2005. The COBLT bank 

contained more than 8,000 cord blood units; approximately 57 percent were from minority donors. Approximately 30 percent of the COBLT transplant patients were 

minority.

Each year in the United States approximately 1,500 

children are diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, and 30 to 

50 children with thalassemia. A recent retrospective 

analysis of 44 children who were transplanted with sibling cord blood for SCD or thalassemia showed that 

matched sibling cord blood transplantation offers the 

potential for a cure.

Transplants for patients with sickle cell anemia are 

performed at many centers across the United States, with 

few performed at a single center. To promote a unified 

strategy for sharing data, the NHLBI, with support from 

the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities, awarded a grant supplement to the International 

Bone Marrow Transplant Registry to collect data on 

demographics and outcomes of patients with sickle cell 

anemia who received a blood or marrow transplant. 

Outcomes Research

In 2002 and 2003, the NHLBI held a workshop and 

three working groups to address the needs of adult SCD 

patients. One high priority recommendation was to 

develop and validate a health-related quality of life 

instrument specifically for adults with SCD. Subsequent 

working groups of consumers, clinicians, and researchers identified issues that are unique to SCD patients, such 
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Chapter 12. Minority Activites

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as interactions with the health care system and the economic burden of living with SCD. In 2005, the Institute 

awarded a 3-year contract to develop a health-related 

quality of life questionnaire to be used in clinical studies. 

Education 

The NHLBI has developed a number of publications 

on SCD that target minorities. 

• Datos Sobre La Anemia Falciforme (Facts About 

Sickle Cell Anemia) 

• Fact Sheet: Hydroxyurea in Pediatric Patients With 

Sickle Cell Disease 

• Facts About Sickle Cell Anemia 

• Patient Fact Sheet: The Multicenter Study of 

Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia (MSH)

• Management and Therapy of Sickle Cell Disease. 

Cooley’s Anemia 

Cooley’s anemia is an inherited disorder of red blood 

cells that affects primarily people of Mediterranean, 

African, Southeast Asian, Chinese, and Asiatic Indian 

origin. In 2000, the Institute initiated a program to establish a network of clinical research centers to evaluate 

new therapeutic agents. Research efforts include developing oral chelators to remove iron overload caused by 

repetitive transfusion therapy, testing drugs to enhance 

fetal hemoglobin production, and examining gene therapy approaches to cure the disease. A registry with samples has been established to foster genomic and 

proteomic studies. International collaborations have also 

been establised.

• Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research 

Network (see Chapter 11): To establish a group of 

clinical centers to accelerate research in the 

management of thalassemia, standardize existing 

treatments, and evaluate new ones. 

Investigator-initiated studies include efforts to develop 

oral chelators to remove the iron overload caused by 

repetitive transfusion therapy; exploration of hormone 

therapy for patients surviving into their teens; testing of 

drugs intended to enhance fetal hemoglobin production 

(hydroxyurea, butyrate, and decitabine); investigation of 

gene therapy approaches to cure the disease; prevention 

of bone diseases; optimum treatment of hepatitis; treatment of heart disease and iron overload; noninvasive 

ways of measuring iron burden; and efforts to improve 

the safety of the Nation’s blood supply. 

Women’s Health Initiative 

Coronary heart disease, cancer, and osteoporosis are 

the most common causes of death, disability, and 

impaired quality of life in postmenopausal women. The 

WHI (see Chapters 2 and 11) is addressing the benefits 

and risks of HT, changes in dietary patterns, and 

calcium/vitamin D supplements in disease prevention. 

Several of the centers have recruited primarily minority 

populations: blacks, Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and American Indians. The Clinical Trial recruited 

12,607 minorities and the Observational Study recruited 

15,658. Overall, of the 161,809 postmenopausal women 

recruited into the WHI, 17 percent were minorities. 

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157

NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

* National Research Service Awards (NRSA).

Note: Numbers of awards and trainees may not agree with other tables due to the method of counting supplements.

13. Research Training and Career 

Development Programs

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellow ships

Dollars in Millions 80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellow ships

Number of Trainees

Year

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*
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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

158

Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2005

Number of 

Awards 

Obligated

Trainees 

(Full-time 

Training 

Positions) Direct Cost

Indirect 

Cost Total Cost

Percent of 

Total NHLBI 

Training 

Program 

Dollars

Fellowship Programs

Predoctoral Fellowship Award (F31) 25 25 $ 794,457 $ — $ 794,457 0.9%

Individual NRSA (F32) 176 176 8,813,429 — 8,813,429 10.2

Senior Fellowships NRSA (F33) 1 1 57,536 — 57,536 0.1

Subtotal, Fellowships 202 202 9,665,422 — 9,665,422 11.2

Graduate Training Programs

Institutional NRSA (T32) 215 1,540 65,275,920 5,248,233 70,524,153 81.4

Minority Institutional NRSA (T32) 5 35 1,107,098 76,456 1,183,554 1.4

Off-Quarter Professional Student 

Training NRSA (T34, T35) 

19 95 2,054,204 179,118 2,233,322 2.6

Short-Term Training for Minority

Students (T35M)

36 128 2,713,088 262,887 2,975,975 3.4

Subtotal, Graduate Training Programs 275 1,798 71,150,310 5,766,694 76,917,004 88.8

Total, Training Programs 477 2,000 $80,815,732 $5,766,694 $86,582,426 100.0%

*

* Excludes assessment of $1,764,000.

*
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

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159

History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

A Excludes Assessment of $964,000.

B Excludes Assessment of $982,000.

C Excludes Assessment of $1,004,000.

D Excludes Assessment of $1,032,000.

E Excludes Assessment of $1,216,000.

F Excludes Assessment of $1,280,000.

G Excludes Assessment of $1,424,000.

H Excludes Assessment of $1,584,000.

I Excludes Assessment of $1,716,000.

J Excludes Assessment of $1,744,000.

K Excludes Assessment of $1,764,000.

Dollars (Thousands)

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Fellowship Programs

Predoctoral Fellowship 

Award (F31)

$ 304 $ 551 $ 388 $ 466 $ 346 $ 248 $ 264 $ 478 $ 563 $ 549 $ 794

Individual NRSA (F32) 6,651 6,483 6,281 6,969 8,807 8,517 8,515 8,887 7,868 8,128 8,813

Senior Fellowships 

NRSA (F33)

99 233 179 125 90 92 147 84 112 144 58

Intramural NRSA (F35) 49 — — — — — — — — — —

Subtotal, Fellowships 7,103 7,267 6,848 7,560 9,243 8,857 8,926 9,449 8,543 8,821 9,665

Graduate Training 

Programs

Institutional NRSA 

(T32)

36,270A 36,718B 38,253C 37,904D 45,551E 50,507F 58,516G 62,999H 69,951I 71,229J 70,524K

Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32)

982 679 898 706 901 1,167 996 1,092 1,006 734 1,184

Off-Quarter 

Professional Student 

Training NRSA (T34, 

T35)

951 1,001 1,216 1,435 1,384 966 1,974 1,987 1,975 1,993 2,233

MARC (T36) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 — — — —

Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students 

(T35M)

1,760 1,834 1,612 1,964 2,494 2,570 1,877 2,057 2,594 2,671 2,976

Subtotal, Training 

Grants

39,968 40,237 41,984 42,014 50,335 55,215 63,368 68,135 75,526 76,627 76,917

Total, Training 

Programs

$47,071A $47,504B $48,832C $49,574D $59,578E $64,072F $72,294G $77,584H $84,069I $85,448J $85,582K
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160

Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Number of Positions

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Fellowship Programs

Predoctoral Fellowship 

Award (F31)

13 21 15 19 13 11 12 18 19 18 25

Individual NRSA (F32) 222 220 210 225 237 225 208 194 164 168 176

Senior Fellowships NRSA 

(F33)

4 7 5 4 2 2 3 2 2 3 1

Intramural NRSA (F35) 2 — — — — — — — — — —

Subtotal, Fellowships 241 248 230 248 252 238 223 214 185 189 202

Graduate Training Programs

Institutional NRSA (T32) 1,201 1,216 1,179 1,423 1,185 1,368 1,425 1,482 1,542 1,578 1,540

Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32)

47 30 43 52 53 48 43 39 42 32 35

Off-Quarter Professional 

Student Training NRSA 

(T34, T35)

76 78 68 — — 51 109 179 93 99 95

Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students (T35M)

125 113 75 — — 136 93 30 107 119 128

Subtotal, Training Grants 1,449 1,437 1,365 1,475 1,238 1,603 1,670 1,730 1,784 1,828 1,798

Total, Training Positions 1,690 1,685 1,595 1,723 1,490 1,841 1,893 1,944 1,969 2,017 2,000
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161

NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

*In FY 2005, the NHLBI relinquished management of the K30 program and as a result no longer receives the grant count.

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K01)

— — 5 19 30 29 44 54 47 46 45

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research 

Scientist Development Award (K01)

— — 1 — — 11 9 2 7 6 4

Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research 

Ethics (K01)

— — — — — — — — 2 2 3

Independent Scientist Award (K02) — 3 8 14 18 27 34 33 32 31 32

Research Career Development Award (K04) 30 25 18 10 6 1 — — — — —

Research Career Award (K06) 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1

Preventive Cardiology Academic Award (K07) 7 — — — — — — — — — —

Preventive Pulmonary Academic Award (K07) 4 — — — — — — — — — —

Transfusion Medicine Academic Award (K07) 5 2 — — — — — — — — —

Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular Disease Academic 

Award (K07)

15 11 9 3 3 1 — — — — —

Asthma Academic Award (K07) 9 9 9 6 3 — — — — — —

Tuberculosis Academic Award (K07) 15 19 23 20 13 9 5 — — — —

Sleep Academic Award (K07) — 8 12 20 20 20 12 8 — — —

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) — — — 10 10 19 19 19 9 9 —

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities 

Academic Award (K07)

— — — — — — — — — 8 14

Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08) 222 254 267 278 262 257 241 236 240 229 239

Physician Scientist Award (K11) 22 12 — — — — — — — — —

Minority School Faculty Development Award (K14) 11 15 9 — — 4 1 — — — —

Research Development Award for Minority 

Faculty (K14)

28 36 34 37 22 7 — — — — —

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

(K18)

— — — — — — — — 1 5 3

NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22) — — — — — — — — — 1 2

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career 

Development Award (K23)

— — — — 13 36 58 90 110 122 127

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24)

— — — — 11 20 27 37 38 32 32

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development 

Award (K25)

— — — — — — 2 7 9 12 17

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (K30) — — — — 9 16 55 55 55 55 0

Total, Research Career Programs 371 397 398 420 422 459 509 543 552 559 519

*
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162

NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award for Minority 

Faculty (K01)

$ — $ — $ 460 $ 1,723 $ 2,738 $ 3,650 $ 5,556 $ 5,711 $ 6,156 $ 6,150 $ 6,088

Minority Institution Faculty 

Mentored Research Scientist 

Award (K01)

— — 106 101 905 1,300 1,143 1,703 991 867 588

Mentored Scientist Development 

Award in Research Ethics (K01)

— — — — — — — — 255 253 355

Independent Scientist Award (K02) — 207 545 933 1,548 2,350 3,202 3,130 3,099 3,079 3,218

Research Career Development 

Award (K04)

2,006 1,693 1,226 684 568 69 — — — — —

Research Career Award (K06) 104 105 103 103 70 70 70 69 69 34 34

Preventive Cardiology Academic 

Award (K07)

957 — — — — — — — — — —

Preventive Pulmonary Academic 

Award (K07)

309 — — — — — — — — — —

Transfusion Medicine Academic 

Award (K07)

485 326 — — — — — — — — —

Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular 

Diseases Academic Award (K07)

2,295 1,715 1,415 386 423 113 — — — — —

Asthma Academic Award (K07) 749 740 764 509 248 — — — — — —

Tuberculosis Academic Award (K07) 1,155 1,496 1,831 1,566 1,161 745 396 — — — —

Sleep Academic Award (K07) — 699 1,027 1,734 1,736 1,760 1,081 722 — — —

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) — — — 1,491 1,480 2,829 2,869 2,906 1,472 1,516 —

Cultural Competence and Health 

Disparities Academic Award (K07)

— — — — — — — — — 925 1,620

Clinical Investigator Development 

Award (K08)

18,090 21,093 22,238 23,122 29,741 30,189 29,263 29,295 30,288 29,037 30,429

Physician Scientist Award (K11) 1,903 1,023 — — — — — — — — —

Minority School Faculty 

Development Award (K14)

810 1,158 729 618 445 862 98 — — — —

Research Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K14)

2,812 3,607 3,468 3,099 2,093 393 — — — — —

Career Enhancement Award for Stem 

Cell Research (K18)

— — — — — — — — 243 980 512

NHLBI Career Transition Award 

(K22)

— — — — — — — — — 185 364

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research 

Career Development Award (K23)

— — — — 1,687 4,619 7,570 11,909 14,571 16,216 17,086

Midcareer Investigator Award in 

Patient-Oriented Research (K24)

— — — — 1,054 2,072 2,877 4,058 4,368 3,815 3,929

Mentored Quantitative Research 

Career Development Award (K25)

— — — — — — 272 921 1,195 1,622 2,206

Clinical Research Curriculum Award 

(K30)

— — — — 1,772 3,163 3,073 3,090 3,110 3,115 4,589

Total, Research Career Program 

Obligations

$31,675 $33,862 $33,912 $36,069 $47,669 $54,184 $57,470 $63,514 $65,817 $67,794 $71,018
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163

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

MARC Summer Research Training 

Program

$ 28 $ 32 $ 17 $ — $ 10 $ 4 $ 20 $ 15 $ 4 $ — $ —

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award for 

Minority Faculty

— — 460 1,723 2,738 3,650 5,556 5,711 6,156 6,150 6,088

MARC — 5 5 5 — 5 5 — — — —

Minority Biomedical Research 

Support (MBRS)

2,313 2,503 2,722 2,978 3,423 3,873 3,165 2,793 3,600 2,806 2,846

Minority Institution Faculty 

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award

— — 106 101 905 1,300 1,143 1,703 991 867 588

Minority Institution Research 

Training Program

982 679 898 706 901 1,167 996 1,092 1,006 734 1,184

Minority Predoctoral Fellowship 304 551 388 436 345 248 264 278 308 374 545

Minority Research Supplements 

Program

7,265 6,714 7,070 7,043 7,440 8,304 8,587 9,822 9,323 10,938 11,214

Minority School Faculty 

Development Award

810 1,158 729 618 445 862 98 — — — —

Reentry Supplements — 140 152 249 106 176 384 — — — 96

Research Development Award for 

Minority Faculty

2,812 3,607 3,468 3,099 2,093 393 — — — — —

Short-Term Training for Minority 

Students

1,760 1,834 1,612 1,964 2,494 2,570 1,876 2,057 2,594 2,671 2,976

Total, Minority Programs $16,274 $17,223 $17,627 $18,922 $20,900 $22,552 $22,094 $23,471 $23,982 $24,540 $25,537

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Dollars in Millions

Year Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

164

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1995–2005

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Minority Supplements

Investigator 49 42 38 31 32 33 33 46 47 35 29

Postdoctoral 39 49 47 50 47 42 41 33 38 37 52

Graduate 42 37 36 48 53 47 43 45 57 61 80

Undergraduate 27 12 23 25 17 19 12 17 18 17 12

High School 10 8 9 11 6 — 3 3 4 3 7

Post-Master/PostBaccalaureate— — — — — — — 2 8 17 16

Reentry Supplements — 2 2 3 2 1 3 — — 3 2

Disability Supplements 4 3 3 2 1 5 4 5 4 3 2

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

171 153 158 170 158 147 139 151 176 176 200

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Minority Supplements

Investigator $3,319 $2,552 $2,412 $2,185 $2,331 $3,262 $3,430 $5,046 $3,844 $4,256 $3,552

Postdoctoral 2,153 2,899 3,172 3,032 3,110 3,053 3,086 2,554 2,655 2,713 3,432

Graduate 1,402 1,116 1,181 1,527 1,806 1,791 1,818 1,864 2,181 2,439 3,208

Undergraduate 351 120 273 246 166 198 235 260 301 282 179

High School 40 27 32 53 27 — 18 33 33 13 30

Post-Master/PostBaccalaureate— — — — — — — 65 309 597 618

Reentry Supplements — 140 152 249 106 176 384 — — 495 96

Disability Supplements 277 194 165 96 72 282 187 474 360 143 99

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

$7,542 $7,048 $7,387 $7,388 $7,618 $8,762 $9,158 $10,296 $9,683 $10,938 $11,214
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165

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards:

Fiscal Year 2005

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2005

United States (AK & HI Inset)

by Column B

68,000,000 to 290,000,000 (11)

38,000,000 to 68,000,000 (8)

18,000,000 to 38,000,000 (11)

5,000,000 to 18,000,000 (10)

0 to 5,000,000 (11)

Dollars in Millions

$100.0 to 290.0

$35.0 to 99.9

$18.0 to 34.9

$5.0 to 17.9

$0 to 4.9

(9)

(10)

(11)

(10)

(10)
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

166

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2005

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Alabama

Auburn University at Auburn 2 380,048 1 328,500 1 51,548 — —

Cooper Green Hospital, Birmingham 1 582,468 1 582,468 — — — —

Elgavish Paramagnetics, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

University of Alabama at Birmingham 69 32,839,914 58 28,667,267 7 1,154,924 4 3,017,723

University of South Alabama 15 5,423,954 14 5,242,731 1 181,223 — —

Total Alabama 88 39,326,384 75 34,920,966 9 1,387,695 4 3,017,723

Alaska

Norton Sound Health Corporation 1 347,057 1 347,057 — — — —

Total Alaska 1 347,057 1 347,057 — — — —

Arizona

Arizona State University 5 1,119,919 5 1,119,919 — — — —

AzERx, LLC 1 469,590 1 469,590 — — — —

ImaRx Therapeutics, Inc. 1 381,903 1 381,903 — — — —

Mayo Clinic, Arizona 2 777,500 2 777,500 — — — —

St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical 

Center

1 295,329 1 295,329 — — — —

University of Arizona 32 11,498,585 28 10,131,733 3 692,507 1 674,345

Western Research Company, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Total Arizona 43 14,642,826 39 13,275,974 3 692,507 1 674,345

Arkansas

Arkansas Children’s Hospital 

Research Institute

1 155,250 1 155,250 — — — —

University of Arkansas at Fayetteville 1 202,820 1 202,820 — — — —

University of Arkansas for Medical 

Sciences, Little Rock

6 2,062,083 6 2,062,083 — — — —

Total Arkansas 8 2,420,153 8 2,420,153 — — — —

California

21st Century Medicine, Inc. 1 245,045 1 245,045 — — — —

AntiCancer, Inc. 1 149,800 1 149,800 — — — —

Applied Scientific Research 1 163,372 1 163,372 — — — —

Arete Therapeutics, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

AriZeke Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 251,779 1 251,779 — — — —

BioTime, Inc. 1 149,996 1 149,996 — — — —

Blaufuss Medical Multimedia 

Laboratories 

1 371,040 1 371,040 — — — —

Blood Systems Research Institute 2 1,753,248 1 348,827 — — 1 1,404,421

Burnham Institute 9 4,684,216 9 4,684,216 — — — —

California Institute of Technology 4 1,551,773 3 1,503,477 1 48,296 — —
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

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167

California Pacific Medical Center, 

Pacific Campus

1 424,565 1 424,565 — — — —

California State Polytechnic 

University, Pomona

— 160,936 — 160,936 — — — —

California State University, Sacramento — 4,000 — 4,000 — — — —

Cardica, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 6 3,672,797 6 3,672,797 — — — —

Cerus Corporation 1 374,303 1 374,303 — — — —

Charles R. Drew University of 

Medicine and Science

1 173,427 1 173,427 — — — —

Children’s Hospital and Research 

Center at Oakland

13 8,119,120 12 8,010,693 1 108,427 — —

Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles 17 9,277,234 17 9,277,234 — — — —

Children’s Hospital of Orange County 1 21,409 — — 1 21,409 — —

City of Hope/Beckman Research 

Institute

4 1,834,602 4 1,834,602 — — — —

Cytograft Tissue Engineering, Inc. 1 851,862 1 851,862 — — — —

Diagnostics for the Real World, Ltd. 2 733,059 2 733,059 — — — —

Functional Insect Genomics Institute 1 235,001 1 235,001 — — — —

Gamma Medica, Inc. 1 89,771 1 89,771 — — — —

Good Samaritan Hospital 1 305,875 1 305,875 — — — —

House Ear Institute 1 283,500 1 283,500 — — — —

HTD BioSystems, Inc. 1 468,604 1 468,604 — — — —

Intelligent Optical Systems, Inc. 2 324,579 2 324,579 — — — —

ISCHEM Corporation 1 374,972 1 374,972 — — — —

J. David Gladstone Institutes 7 3,710,494 6 3,659,630 1 50,864 — —

Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 9 8,629,372 6 6,100,021 — — 3 2,529,351

LA Biomedical Research Institute at 

Harbor-UCLA Medical Center

12 4,278,589 11 3,961,178 — — 1 317,411

La Jolla Bioengineering Institute 1 509,600 1 509,600 — — — —

La Jolla Institute for Molecular 

Medicine

4 1,520,236 4 1,520,236 — — — —

LaunchPoint Technologies, LLC 1 237,161 1 237,161 — — — —

Loma Linda University 6 1,409,584 5 1,353,000 1 56,584 — —

Los Angeles Orthopaedic Foundation 1 342,700 1 342,700 — — — —

MacroPore Biosurgery, Inc. 1 536,575 1 536,575 — — — —

Molecular Express, Inc. 1 138,000 1 138,000 — — — —

Northern California Institute for 

Research and Education

5 6,506,828 5 6,506,828 — — — —

Pacific Tuberculosis/Cancer Research 

Organization

1 470,884 1 470,884 — — — —

Palo Alto Medical Foundation 

Research Institute

1 675,351 1 675,351 — — — —

Panorama Research, Inc. 1 105,735 1 105,735 — — — —

PhiloMetron, Inc. 1 97,509 1 97,509 — — — —

Physical Optics Corporation 2 213,333 2 213,333 — — — —

Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 100,105 1 100,105 — — — —

Process Metrix, LLC 1 99,914 1 99,914 — — — —

Rand Corporation 1 672,890 1 672,890 — — — —

Salk Institute for Biological Studies 1 648,642 1 648,642 — — — —

San Diego State University 10 5,283,904 10 5,283,904 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

168

Sangart, Inc. 1 324,055 1 324,055 — — — —

Scripps Research Institute 39 19,856,943 34 18,910,837 5 946,106 — —

Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center 2 1,277,992 2 1,277,992 — — — —

SRI International 1 502,044 1 502,044 — — — —

Stanford University 69 33,895,421 57 31,257,683 10 1,230,693 2 1,407,045

Sunny BioDiscovery, Inc. 1 94,960 1 94,960 — — — —

Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular 

Studies

1 455,000 1 455,000 — — — —

Tristan Technologies, Inc. 1 100,001 1 100,001 — — — —

University of California, Berkeley 9 1,997,015 7 1,886,649 2 110,366 — —

University of California, Davis 32 10,823,380 28 9,633,837 3 467,692 1 721,851

University of California, Irvine 17 5,410,152 14 5,094,523 2 84,136 1 231,493

University of California, Lawrence 

Berkeley National Laboratory

8 6,200,478 7 6,168,597 1 31,881 — —

University of California, Los Angeles 61 32,590,607 52 30,770,395 7 1,441,913 2 378,299

University of California, Merced 1 49,928 — — 1 49,928 — —

University of California, Riverside 1 368,452 1 368,452 — — — —

University of California, San Diego 81 42,874,680 67 38,855,742 12 3,250,952 2 767,986

University of California, San 

Francisco

94 41,214,856 84 38,560,214 7 1,547,723 3 1,106,919

University of California, Santa 

Barbara

3 613,157 2 569,181 1 43,976 — —

University of Southern California 23 10,223,027 23 10,223,027 — — — —

Veterans Medical Research 

Foundation, San Diego

3 959,500 3 959,500 — — — —

Virogenics, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Volcano Corporation 2 880,249 2 880,249 — — — —

Total California 597 284,249,188 525 265,893,466 56 9,490,946 16 8,864,776

Colorado

Colorado State University, Fort 

Collins

4 798,961 3 750,665 1 48,296 — —

Denver Health and Hospital Authority 2 1,241,872 2 1,241,872 — — — —

Kestrel Labs, Inc. 2 763,623 2 763,623 — — — —

Keystone Symposia 6 95,000 6 95,000 — — — —

Living Systems, Inc. 1 132,904 1 132,904 — — — —

Metafluidics, Inc. 3 557,445 2 397,590 — — 1 159,855

National Jewish Medical and 

Research Center

31 16,226,131 29 16,120,851 2 105,280 — —

Rose Biomedical Development 

Corporation

2 290,468 2 290,468 — — — —

University of Colorado at Boulder 10 2,657,823 7 2,203,095 3 454,728 — —

University of Colorado at Denver and 

Health Sciences Center, Aurora

65 27,702,329 55 23,645,893 7 2,009,579 3 2,046,857

Total Colorado 126 50,466,556 109 45,641,961 13 2,617,883 4 2,206,712

Connecticut

Evergen Biotechnologies, Inc. 1 140,000 1 140,000 — — — —

John B. Pierce Laboratory, Inc. 2 708,050 2 708,050 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

169

Protein Sciences Corporation 1 99,866 — — — — 1 99,866

University of Connecticut School of 

Medicine and Dental Medicine

16 7,360,690 16 7,360,690 — — — —

University of Connecticut, Storrs 1 345,875 1 345,875 — — — —

Yale University 66 29,475,442 55 26,819,256 10 1,974,765 1 681,421

Total Connecticut 87 38,129,923 75 35,373,871 10 1,974,765 2 781,287

Delaware

Compact Membrane Systems, Inc. 2 598,921 2 598,921 — — — —

University of Delaware 1 339,750 1 339,750 — — — —

Total Delaware 3 938,671 3 938,671 — — — —

District of Columbia

American College of Obstetricians 

and Gynecologists

1 27,092 — — — — 1 27,092

American Institutes for Research 1 1,190,952 — — — — 1 1,190,952

American Society of Hematology 1 15,000 1 15,000 — — — —

Catholic University of America 1 233,700 1 233,700 — — — —

Children’s Research Institute 5 1,913,076 4 1,779,242 — — 1 133,834

George Washington University 8 3,062,484 7 2,776,147 — — 1 286,337

Georgetown University 16 7,159,757 16 7,159,757 — — — —

HealthMark Multimedia, LLC 1 397,894 1 397,894 — — — —

Howard University 7 3,764,954 5 3,516,246 1 136,670 1 112,038

MedStar Research Institute 1 905,991 — — — — 1 905,991

Toborg Associates, Inc. 1 120,506 1 120,506 — — — —

U.S. Bureau of the Census 1 179,000 — — — — 1 179,000

U.S. Department of Agriculture 1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

Total District of Columbia 45 19,170,406 37 16,198,492 1 136,670 7 2,835,244

Florida

Alpha-1 Foundation 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

Altor Bioscience Corporation 1 110,542 1 110,542 — — — —

Florida Atlantic University 2 526,875 2 526,875 — — — —

Florida Institute of Technology 2 566,125 2 566,125 — — — —

Florida International University — 439,859 — 439,859 — — — —

Florida State University 1 219,000 1 219,000 — — — —

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and 

Research Institute

1 127,440 1 127,440 — — — —

Innovia, LLC 1 336,318 1 336,318 — — — —

Nemours Children’s Clinic 1 421,019 1 421,019 — — — —

Saneron CCEL Therapeutics, Inc. 1 158,379 1 158,379 — — — —

University of Central Florida 2 553,000 2 553,000 — — — —

University of Florida 46 18,584,718 43 17,210,987 2 183,702 1 1,190,029

University of Miami, Coral Gables 4 3,163,911 3 2,842,778 1 321,133 — —

University of Miami Medical Center 18 7,077,882 15 6,128,276 1 312,983 2 636,623

University of South Florida 6 1,999,541 6 1,999,541 — — — —

Total Florida 87 34,294,609 80 31,650,139 4 817,818 3 1,826,652

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

170

Georgia

Bresagen, Inc. — 83,797 — 83,797 — — — —

Emory University 62 24,865,935 55 22,322,289 5 815,978 2 1,727,668

geneRx+, Inc. 1 97,589 1 97,589 — — — —

Georgia Institute of Technology 7 2,860,596 5 2,753,696 2 106,900 — —

Georgia State University 2 426,632 2 426,632 — — — —

Medical College of Georgia 33 12,971,937 30 12,493,192 3 478,745 — —

Minority Health Professions 

Foundation

— 50,000 — 50,000 — — — —

Morehouse School of Medicine 10 3,708,715 9 3,484,250 1 224,465 — —

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention

1 725,000 — — — — 1 725,000

University of Georgia 3 466,305 2 437,400 1 28,905 — —

Zygogen, LLC 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Total Georgia 120 46,356,506 105 42,248,845 12 1,654,993 3 2,452,668

Hawaii

Pacific Health Research Institute 2 921,703 2 921,703 — — — —

Queen’s Medical Center 1 600,000 1 600,000 — — — —

University of Hawaii at Hilo — 220,535 — 220,535 — — — —

University of Hawaii at Manoa 4 943,833 3 943,832 — — 1 1

Total Hawaii 7 2,686,071 6 2,686,070 — — 1 1

Illinois

Academic Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 102,008 1 102,008 — — — —

AJ Medical Devices, Inc. 1 656,245 1 656,245 — — — —

Children’s Memorial Hospital, Chicago 1 98,010 1 98,010 — — — —

cue BIOtech, Inc. 1 360,180 — — — — 1 360,180

DePaul University 1 107,250 1 107,250 — — — —

Evanston Northwestern Healthcare 

Research Institute

3 1,324,881 3 1,324,881 — — — —

Hektoen Institute for Medical Research 2 721,553 2 721,553 — — — —

Howard Brown Health Center — 125,000 — 125,000 — — — —

Illinois Institute of Technology 1 331,953 1 331,953 — — — —

Loyola University, Chicago 19 6,571,062 17 6,469,400 2 101,662 — —

Midwestern University 1 212,744 1 212,744 — — — —

Northwestern University 65 24,612,549 57 22,412,587 6 1,040,980 2 1,158,982

Rosalind Franklin University of 

Medicine and Science

1 273,000 1 273,000 — — — —

Rush University Medical Center 9 3,516,271 8 3,216,231 — — 1 300,040

Southern Illinois University School of 

Medicine

1 246,750 1 246,750 — — — —

University of Chicago 46 18,376,996 39 16,623,028 6 1,611,667 1 142,301

University of Illinois at Chicago 55 24,340,552 48 22,476,505 7 1,864,047 — —

University of Illinois, Urbana–

Champaign

1 492,838 1 492,838 — — — —

Total Illinois 209 82,469,842 183 75,889,983 21 4,618,356 5 1,961,503

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

171

Indiana

Ball State University 1 203,750 1 203,750 — — — —

EndGenitor Technologies, Inc. 1 107,000 1 107,000 — — — —

Indiana University–Purdue University 

at Indianapolis

49 18,434,135 44 17,612,665 5 821,470 — —

Predictive Physiology and Medicine, 

Inc.

1 136,900 1 136,900 — — — —

Purdue University, West Lafayette 1 371,631 1 371,631 — — — —

Space Hardware Optimization 

Technology, Inc.

1 547,445 1 547,445 — — — —

University of Notre Dame 4 2,825,337 4 2,825,337 — — — —

Total Indiana 58 22,626,198 53 21,804,728 5 821,470 — —

Iowa

Des Moines University-Osteopathic 

Medical Center

1 180,295 1 180,295 — — — —

Luther College 1 186,701 1 186,701 — — — —

Maharishi University of Management 1 492,385 1 492,385 — — — —

University of Iowa 75 32,794,402 69 31,123,316 5 1,671,085 1 1

Total Iowa 78 33,653,783 72 31,982,697 5 1,671,085 1 1

Kansas

Kansas State University 3 418,784 2 396,558 1 22,226 — —

University of Kansas, Lawrence 2 678,827 2 678,827 — — — —

University of Kansas Medical Center 3 915,955 2 884,936 1 31,019 — —

Wichita State University 1 180,660 1 180,660 — — — —

Total Kansas 9 2,194,226 7 2,140,981 2 53,245 — —

Kentucky

Endoprotech, Inc. 1 122,978 1 122,978 — — — —

University of Kentucky 28 8,256,455 26 8,113,042 2 143,413 — —

University of Louisville 33 12,128,597 30 11,897,589 3 231,008 — —

VitaTech, LLC 1 873,958 1 873,958 — — — —

Total Kentucky 63 21,381,988 58 21,007,567 5 374,421 — —

Louisiana

Children’s Hospital, New Orleans 1 214,500 1 214,500 — — — —

Louisiana State University and 

Agricultural and Mechanical 

College, Baton Rouge

1 367,500 1 367,500 — — — —

Louisiana State University Health 

Sciences Center, New Orleans

12 4,706,264 11 4,706,263 — — 1 1

Louisiana State University Health 

Sciences Center, Shreveport

3 754,050 3 754,050 — — — —

Louisana State University Pennington 

Biomedical Research Center

3 2,121,323 3 2,121,323 — — — —

Ochsner Clinic Foundation 1 285,000 1 285,000 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

172

Southeastern Louisiana University 1 179,092 1 179,092 — — — —

Tulane University of Louisiana 22 10,236,526 20 10,014,643 2 221,883 — —

Total Louisiana 44 18,864,255 41 18,642,371 2 221,883 1 1

Maine

Jackson Laboratory 10 6,332,191 9 6,326,300 1 5,891 — —

Maine Medical Center 5 1,793,050 5 1,793,050 — — — —

University of Maine, Orono 2 1,131,313 2 1,131,313 — — — —

Total Maine 17 9,256,554 16 9,250,663 1 5,891 — —

Maryland

Active Signal Technologies, Inc. 1 147,678 1 147,678 — — — —

Adlyfe, Inc. — 680,746 — 680,746 — — — —

American Institutes for Research 2 3,135,214 — — — — 2 3,135,214

BioConneXions, LLC 1 99,963 1 99,963 — — — —

Bon Secours Hospital, Baltimore 1 597,533 1 597,533 — — — —

Clinical Trials and Surveys 

Corporation

2 1,788,264 — — — — 2 1,788,264

Constella Group, Inc. 2 1,408,797 — — — — 2 1,408,797

EMMES Corporation 3 1,771,719 1 449,973 — — 2 1,321,746

Federation of American Societies for 

Experimental Biology

4 55,000 4 55,000 — — — —

Hager Sharp, Inc. 1 300,000 — — — — 1 300,000

Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the 

Advancement of Military Medicine

7 2,479,525 5 1,632,783 1 286,420 1 560,322

Infinite Biomedical Technologies, 

LLC

1 377,005 1 377,005 — — — —

Innovative Biosensors, Inc. 1 110,272 1 110,272 — — — —

International Registry of Pathology, 

Inc.

1 353,961 1 353,961 — — — —

Intronn, Inc. 1 1,191,834 1 1,191,834 — — — —

J. Craig Venter Institute 1 1,975,794 — — — — 1 1,975,794

Johns Hopkins University 168 78,100,179 145 70,517,443 17 4,169,729 6 3,413,007

Maryland Medical Research Institute 1 1,340,090 — — — — 1 1,340,090

MasiMax Resources, Inc. 1 961,000 — — — — 1 961,000

MedStar Research Institute 4 5,366,804 4 5,366,804 — — — —

National Cancer Institute 1 500,000 — — — — 1 500,000

National Center for Complementary 

and Alternative Medicine

1 200,000 — — — — 1 200,000

National Center for Health Statistics 1 981,000 — — — — 1 981,000

National Center for Research 

Resources

2 3,882,000 — — — — 2 3,882,000

National Institute of Child Health and 

Human Development

3 8,149,282 — — — — 3 8,149,282

National Institute of Diabetes and 

Digestive and Kidney Diseases

2 5,000,000 — — — — 2 5,000,000

National Institutes of Health 1 12,072,988 — — — — 1 12,072,988

National Institute of Neurological 

Disorders and Stroke

1 1,288,100 — — — — 1 1,288,100

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

173

North American Vascular Biology 

Organization

1 15,000 1 15,000 — — — —

NovaScreen Biosciences Corporation 1 204,929 1 204,929 — — — —

Peace Technology, Inc. 1 2,642,000 — — — — 1 2,642,000

SeraCare Life Sciences, Inc. 1 1,035,522 — — — — 1 1,035,522

University of Maryland Baltimore 

Professional School

47 21,440,146 43 20,718,963 4 721,183 — —

University of Maryland 

Biotechnology Institute

1 371,250 1 371,250 — — — —

University of Maryland, College Park 

Campus

1 529,843 1 529,843 — — — —

U.S. Agricultural Research Center 1 250,000 — — — — 1 250,000

U.S. Department of Health and 

Human Services 

6 7,403,052 — 4,398,000 — — 6 3,005,052

U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2 290,000 — — — — 2 290,000

Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical 

Center

1 150,000 — — — — 1 150,000

Westat, Inc. 2 7,073,683 1 675,297 — — 1 6,398,386

Total Maryland 280 175,720,173 214 108,494,277 22 5,177,332 44 62,048,564

Massachusetts

ABIOMED, Inc. 1 99,838 1 99,838 — — — —

Aerodyne Research, Inc. 1 99,926 1 99,926 — — — —

American Red Cross Blood Services 1 993,866 — — — — 1 993,866

Baystate Medical Center 2 322,484 — — — — 2 322,484

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 49 19,104,489 42 17,960,506 7 1,143,983 — —

BioPhysics Assay Laboratory, Inc. 

(BioPAL)

2 590,031 2 590,031 — — — —

BioSurfaces 1 375,000 1 375,000 — — — —

Boston Biomedical Research Institute 7 2,840,659 6 2,787,167 1 53,492 — —

Boston Medical Center 13 8,458,208 13 8,458,208 — — — —

Boston University, Charles River 

Campus

6 2,134,749 6 2,134,749 — — — —

Boston University Medical Campus 56 30,455,382 46 28,028,601 9 2,012,920 1 413,861

Brandeis University 1 105,220 1 105,220 — — — —

Brigham and Women’s Hospital 141 70,129,455 121 64,851,376 17 3,457,826 3 1,820,253

Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc. 1 295,447 1 295,447 — — — —

Cardium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 287,357 1 287,357 — — — —

CBR Institute for Biomedical 

Research

9 13,177,521 9 13,177,521 — — — —

Cell Imaging Systems, LLC 1 149,800 1 149,800 — — — —

Children’s Hospital Boston 50 22,941,245 46 21,423,267 4 1,517,978 — —

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 14 5,798,235 14 5,798,235 — — — —

EIC Laboratories, Inc. 2 835,774 2 835,774 — — — —

Grady Research, Inc. 1 105,250 1 105,250 — — — —

GTC Biotherapeutics, Inc. 2 643,426 2 643,426 — — — —

Gwathmey, Inc. 1 681,067 1 681,067 — — — —

Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc. 2 744,779 2 744,779 — — — —

Harvard University 2 539,056 1 481,520 1 57,536 — —

Harvard University Medical School 11 3,769,058 7 2,763,354 4 1,005,704 — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

174

Harvard University School of Public 

Health

25 13,512,524 23 12,996,000 2 516,524 — —

Howard M. Sharipo, M.D., P.C. 1 96,573 1 96,573 — — — —

Infoscitex Corporation 1 390,086 1 390,086 — — — —

Inotek Pharmacueticals Corporation 3 878,416 3 878,416 — — — —

Joslin Diabetes Center 2 1,034,112 2 1,034,112 — — — —

Levitronix, LLC 2 1,163,616 2 1,163,616 — — — —

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary 1 125,982 1 125,982 — — — —

Massachusetts General Hospital 79 31,140,830 73 28,137,213 5 1,392,659 1 1,610,958

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 14 8,382,099 12 8,296,055 2 86,044 — —

Massachusetts Mental Health Institute 1 200,550 1 200,550 — — — —

Microbiotix, Inc. 1 304,821 1 304,821 — — — —

New England Medical Center 

Hospitals

32 20,915,413 29 20,096,798 2 669,092 1 149,523

New England Research Institutes, Inc. 4 9,714,025 3 4,552,279 — — 1 5,161,746

Newton Laboratories 1 376,453 1 376,453 — — — —

NMT Medical, Inc. 1 137,500 1 137,500 — — — —

Northeastern University 2 415,973 2 415,973 — — — —

Plethlogic 1 149,268 1 149,268 — — — —

QuitNet.com, Inc. 1 432,394 1 432,394 — — — —

Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. 3 574,995 3 574,995 — — — —

Science Research Laboratory, Inc. 1 305,855 1 305,855 — — — —

SonarMed, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital 1 224,750 1 224,750 — — — —

St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center of 

Boston

3 1,207,582 3 1,207,582 — — — —

Thermal Technologies, Inc. 1 333,594 1 333,594 — — — —

Tufts University, Boston 10 3,019,174 8 2,731,617 2 287,557 — —

University of Massachusetts, Amherst 1 331,392 1 331,392 — — — —

University of Massachusetts Medical 

School, Worcester

24 8,286,262 21 7,283,915 2 158,981 1 843,366

V.I. Technologies, Inc. 1 284,595 1 284,595 — — — —

Whitehead Institute for Biomedical 

Research

1 48,296 — — 1 48,296 — —

Williams College 1 200,786 1 200,786 — — — —

Total Massachusetts 598 289,965,238 528 266,240,589 59 12,408,592 11 11,316,057

Michigan

Accumed Systems, Inc. 1 401,655 1 401,655 — — — —

Henry Ford Health System 13 5,856,821 13 5,856,821 — — — —

Hope College — 5,000 — 5,000 — — — —

L. VAD Technology, Inc. 1 298,360 1 298,360 — — — —

MC3, Inc. 6 2,837,072 6 2,837,072 — — — —

MedArray, Inc. 2 336,969 2 336,969 — — — —

Michigan State University 11 3,964,840 10 3,960,881 1 3,959 — —

Michigan Technological University 1 227,000 1 227,000 — — — —

Neural Intervention Technologies, Inc. 1 586,294 1 586,294 — — — —

Oakland University 1 71,000 1 71,000 — — — —

Pixel Velocity, Inc. 1 490,506 1 490,506 — — — —

St. Joseph Mercy Oakland 2 544,029 2 544,029 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

175

Thromgen, Inc. 1 877,297 1 877,297 — — — —

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 96 40,258,076 85 37,578,051 9 1,544,022 2 1,136,003

Wayne State University 17 4,865,307 16 4,482,598 — — 1 382,709

Western Michigan University 1 1 1 1 — — — —

Total Michigan 155 61,620,227 142 58,553,534 10 1,547,981 3 1,518,712

Minnesota

Advanced Circulatory Systems, Inc. 2 1,172,832 2 1,172,832 — — — —

Advanced Medical Electronics 

Corporation

3 1,106,579 3 1,106,579 — — — —

Applied Membrane Technology, Inc. 1 161,854 1 161,854 — — — —

Discovery Genomics, Inc. 1 595,423 1 595,423 — — — —

HealthPartners Research Foundation 1 322,290 1 322,290 — — — —

Innovative Surface Technologies, LLC 1 376,644 1 376,644 — — — —

Koronis Biomedical Technologies 

Corporation

1 121,242 1 121,242 — — — —

Korosensor.com, Inc. 1 285,902 1 285,902 — — — —

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 

Rochester

62 26,463,161 53 24,046,487 5 885,063 4 1,531,611

Medical Innovations International, Inc. 2 362,850 2 362,850 — — — —

Minneapolis Medical Research 

Foundation, Inc.

1 4,087,222 — — — — 1 4,087,222

Minnesota Veterans Research Institute 1 482,312 1 482,312 — — — —

Nanocopoeia, Inc. 1 261,033 1 261,033 — — — —

Paradigm Pharmaceuticals, LLC 1 378,050 1 378,050 — — — —

Powerscope, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

University of Minnesota, Duluth 1 223,107 1 223,107 — — — —

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 74 31,464,623 61 26,047,349 8 2,030,840 5 3,386,434

ZirChrom Separations, Inc. 1 360,373 1 360,373 — — — —

Total Minnesota 156 68,325,497 133 56,404,327 13 2,915,903 10 9,005,267

Mississippi

Jackson Hinds Comprehensive Health 

Center

1 440,438 1 440,438 — — — —

Jackson State University 1 2,503,651 — — — — 1 2,503,651

Tougaloo College 1 725,495 — — — — 1 725,495

University of Mississippi Medical 

Center

13 6,897,406 6 3,893,776 5 227,476 2 2,776,154

University of Southern Mississippi 1 196,920 1 196,920 — — — —

Total Mississippi 17 10,763,910 8 4,531,134 5 227,476 4 6,005,300

Missouri

Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas 

City

2 331,893 2 331,893 — — — —

EVAS Therapeutics, LLC 1 152,652 1 152,652 — — — —

Proteon Therapeutics, LLC 1 99,510 1 99,510 — — — —

St. Louis University 12 3,264,326 11 3,264,326 — — 1 —

University of Missouri, Columbia 14 3,672,451 13 3,637,139 1 35,312 — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

176

University of Missouri, Kansas City 1 257,250 1 257,250 — — — —

ViraCor Holdings 1 299,000 1 299,000 — — — —

Washington University 127 58,898,909 116 56,667,563 11 2,231,346 — —

Total Missouri 159 66,975,991 146 64,709,333 12 2,266,658 1 —

Montana

Montana State University, Bozeman 1 394,771 1 394,771 — — — —

University of Montana 5 1,580,636 5 1,580,636 — — — —

Total Montana 6 1,975,407 6 1,975,407 — — — —

Nebraska

Creighton University 4 729,818 3 689,085 1 40,733 — —

University of Nebraska, Lincoln 1 2,002,142 1 2,002,142 — — — —

University of Nebraska Medical 

Center

7 4,835,319 7 4,835,319 — — — —

Ximerex, Inc. 1 560,331 1 560,331 — — — —

Total Nebraska 13 8,127,610 12 8,086,877 1 40,733 — —

Nevada

Nevada Cancer Institute 1 338,528 1 338,528 — — — —

Sierra Biomedical Research 

Corporation

2 765,764 2 765,764 — — — —

University of Nevada at Reno 12 4,278,123 11 3,522,166 — — 1 755,957

Total Nevada 15 5,382,415 14 4,626,458 — — 1 755,957

New Hampshire

Creare, Inc. 2 472,878 2 472,878 — — — —

Dartmouth College 18 5,824,794 18 5,824,794 — — — —

Xemed, LLC 1 371,346 1 371,346 — — — —

Total New Hampshire 21 6,669,018 21 6,669,018 — — — —

New Jersey

Advanced Liquid Crystal 

Technologies, Inc.

1 256,131 1 256,131 — — — —

COECare.com, LLC 2 464,801 2 464,801 — — — —

DVX, LLC 1 430,469 1 460,469 — — — —

Hackensack University Medical Center 2 736,250 2 736,250 — — — —

Life Recovery Systems, Inc. 1 591,581 1 591,581 — — — —

Medarex, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. 1 218,796 1 218,796 — — — —

PharmaSeq, Inc. 1 373,162 1 373,162 — — — —

Princeton University 1 298,871 1 298,871 — — — —

Provid Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 132,414 1 132,414 — — — —

Public Health Research Institute 3 1,093,542 3 1,093,542 — — — —

Rutgers, The State University of New 

Jersey, New Brunswick

1 107,730 1 170,730 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

177

University of Medicine and Dentistry 

of New Jersey

19 10,292,535 15 9,211,774 3 627,561 1 453,200

University of Medicine and Dentistry 

of New Jersey, R.W. Johnson 

Medical School

8 5,292,617 8 5,292,617 — — — —

Total New Jersey 43 20,388,899 39 19,308,138 3 627,561 1 453,200

New Mexico

Department of Veterans Affairs, 

Albuquerque

1 3,673,347 — — — — 1 3,673,347

Diné College 1 417,762 1 417,762 — — — —

Lovelace Biomedical and 

Environmental Research

6 2,514,297 5 2,486,540 1 27,757 — —

Sandia National Laboratories 1 140,567 1 140,567 — — — —

TPL, Inc. 1 378,781 1 378,781 — — — —

University of New Mexico, 

Albuquerque

11 4,180,089 9 3,802,487 2 377,602 — —

Total New Mexico 21 11,304,843 17 7,226,137 3 405,359 1 3,673,347

New York

Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center 1 636,721 1 636,721 — — — —

Albany Medical College of Union 

University

6 1,909,438 4 1,382,500 2 526,938 — —

Albany Research Institute, Inc. 1 250,000 1 250,000 — — — —

Angion Biomedica Corporation 1 225,829 1 225,829 — — — —

Cell Preservation Services, Inc. 1 408,632 1 408,632 — — — —

Chylos, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

City College of New York 2 757,150 2 757,150 — — — —

Clarkson University 1 217,756 1 217,756 — — — —

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 15,000 1 15,000 — — — —

Columbia University 84 44,274,277 74 40,908,358 8 1,334,978 2 2,030,941

Cornell University, Ithaca 9 4,127,772 8 4,079,476 1 48,296 — —

CUNY Graduate School and 

University Center

1 359,949 1 359,949 — — — —

Dawkins Productions, Inc. 1 509,336 1 509,336 — — — —

ECG-Tech Corporation 1 98,480 1 98,480 — — — —

Gene Network Sciences, Inc. 2 237,760 2 237,760 — — — —

GentCorp, Ltd. 1 213,435 1 213,435 — — — —

Graduate College of Union University — 80,000 — 80,000 — — — —

Hospital for Special Surgery 1 503,910 1 503,910 — — — —

Ithaca College 1 209,705 1 209,705 — — — —

Jarvik Heart, Inc. 1 726,610 — — — — 1 726,610

Masonic Medical Research 

Laboratory, Inc.

2 576,221 2 576,221 — — — —

Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc. 2 1,297,065 2 1,297,065 — — — —

Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx 1 337,309 1 337,309 — — — —

Mount Sinai School of Medicine of 

New York University

26 18,836,780 23 15,359,120 2 96,592 1 3,381,068

Nanoprobes, Inc. 1 495,435 1 495,435 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

178

Narrows Institute for Biomedical 

Research, Inc.

2 314,632 1 300,750 1 13,882 — —

National Neurofibromatosis 

Foundation

— 10,000 — 10,000 — — — —

New York Academy of Medicine 1 549,315 1 549,315 — — — —

New York Academy of Sciences 2 25,000 2 25,000 — — — —

New York Blood Center 5 2,654,176 5 2,654,176 — — — —

New York Medical College 14 8,357,597 14 8,357,597 — — — —

New York University School of 

Medicine

29 9,933,072 25 9,461,141 4 471,931 — —

North Shore–Long Island Jewish 

Research Institute

5 1,763,270 5 1,763,270 — — — —

Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide 3 2,792,953 — — — — 3 2,792,953

Pharmacon International, Inc. 1 396,986 1 396,986 — — — —

Photon Migration Technologies 

Corporation

1 167,408 1 167,408 — — — —

Rockefeller University 6 2,198,143 5 2,149,847 1 48,296 — —

Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer 

Research

7 1,810,661 7 1,810,661 — — — —

State University of New York at 

Buffalo

13 5,337,918 11 4,032,306 1 43,757 1 1,261,855

State University of New York at Stony 

Brook

16 5,063,068 15 4,434,816 — — 1 628,252

St. John’s University 1 698,520 1 698,520 — — — —

St. Luke’s–Roosevelt Institute for 

Health Sciences

8 2,592,549 7 2,548,573 1 43,976 — —

SUNY Downstate Medical Center 4 1,032,750 4 1,032,750 — — — —

Syracuse University 1 375,000 1 375,000 — — — —

Therasource, LLC 1 149,995 1 149,995 — — — —

Transonic Systems, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Trudeau Institute, Inc. 2 2,221,711 2 2,221,711 — — — —

University of Rochester 43 19,613,227 39 18,722,196 4 891,031 — —

Upstate Medical Center 7 2,598,196 7 2,598,196 — — — —

Vasade Biosciences, Inc. 2 268,027 2 268,027 — — — —

Visiting Nurse Service of New York 1 730,487 1 730,487 — — — —

Weill Medical College of Cornell 

University

49 32,290,660 47 29,216,404 1 337,631 1 2,736,625

Winthrop-University Hospital 2 490,934 2 490,934 — — — —

Yeshiva University 31 16,707,593 25 14,787,363 5 481,554 1 1,438,676

Zylon Corporation 1 785,046 1 785,046 — — — —

Total New York 408 199,433,464 366 180,097,622 31 4,338,862 11 14,996,980

North Carolina

BioMarck Pharmaceuticals 1 596,400 1 596,400 — — — —

BreathQuant Medical Systems, Inc. 1 536,828 1 536,828 — — — —

Carolinas Medical Center 1 380,429 1 380,429 — — — —

Cognosci, Inc. 1 286,564 1 286,564 — — — —

Duke University 123 60,836,476 105 58,498,105 15 2,022,037 3 316,334

East Carolina University 1 124,665 1 124,665 — — — —

Endacea, Inc. 1 316,067 1 316,067 — — — —

Ercole Biotech, Inc. 1 588,563 1 588,563 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

179

Heart Imaging Technologies, LLC 1 269,926 1 269,926 — — — —

North Carolina Central University 1 291,234 1 291,234 — — — —

North Carolina State University at 

Raleigh

5 1,694,002 4 1,448,363 1 245,639 — —

Parion Sciences, Inc. 1 364,501 1 364,501 — — — —

Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc. 2 5,857,309 2 5,857,309 — — — —

Tribofilm Research, Inc. 1 372,274 1 372,274 — — — —

University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill

85 38,371,548 75 34,956,911 7 1,153,785 3 2,260,852

University of North Carolina at 

Charlotte

1 462,329 1 462,329 — — — —

University of North Carolina at 

Greensboro

1 121,133 1 121,133 — — — —

Wake Forest University 5 1,737,762 5 1,737,762 — — — —

Wake Forest University Health 

Sciences

38 31,239,410 31 15,761,402 2 317,320 5 15,160,688

Winston-Salem State University 1 119,333 1 119,333 — — — —

Total North Carolina 272 144,566,753 236 123,090,098 25 3,738,781 11 17,737,874

North Dakota

University of North Dakota 1 300,688 1 300,688 — — — —

Total North Dakota 1 300,688 1 300,688 — — — —

Ohio

Arteriocyte, Inc. 1 142,954 1 142,954 — — — —

BIOMEC, Inc. 2 1,493,914 2 1,493,914 — — — —

Case Western Reserve University 56 28,339,013 47 19,015,806 8 2,634,640 1 6,688,567

ChanXpress, Inc. 1 659,605 1 659,605 — — — —

Children’s Hospital Medical Center of 

Cincinnati

49 26,467,928 47 26,274,849 2 193,079 — —

Children’s Research Institute 3 571,136 3 571,136 — — — —

Cleveland Clinic Foundation 2 113,337 — — — — 2 113,337

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of 

Medicine of Case Western Reserve 

University

56 27,680,588 52 26,654,234 2 103,096 2 923,258

Cleveland Medical Devices, Inc. 2 801,362 2 801,362 — — — —

Cleveland State University 2 500,110 2 500,110 — — — —

Deca-Medics, Inc. 1 512,873 1 512,873 — — — —

Dessinier Corporation 1 105,000 1 105,000 — — — —

Enable Medical Corporation 1 185,856 1 185,856 — — — —

ICON Interventional Systems, Inc. 1 106,559 1 106,559 — — — —

Interventional Imaging, Inc. 1 266,006 1 266,006 — — — —

International Society for Applied 

Cardiovascular Biology

1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

LAM Foundation 1 15,000 1 15,000 — — — —

Medical College of Ohio at Toledo 7 6,852,826 7 6,852,826 — — — —

MetroHealth Medical Center 2 387,428 1 337,500 1 49,928 — —

NanoMimetics, Inc. 1 199,347 1 199,347 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

180

Northeastern Ohio Universities 

College of Medicine

1 231,000 1 231,000 — — — —

NovelMed Therapeutics, Inc. 2 415,059 2 415,059 — — — —

Ohio State University 34 10,351,483 31 9,691,167 1 51,548 2 608,768

PMI Industries, Inc. 1 229,748 1 229,748 — — — —

University of Akron 2 577,190 2 577,190 — — — —

University of Cincinnati 42 18,521,289 37 16,433,628 3 574,414 2 1,513,247

Wright State University 6 2,539,403 4 2,384,797 2 154,606 — —

Total Ohio 279 128,276,014 251 114,667,526 19 3,761,311 9 9,847,177

Oklahoma

Ekips Technologies, Inc. 1 376,393 1 376,393 — — — —

Langston University 1 500,000 1 500,000 — — — —

Oklahoma Medical Research 

Foundation

5 3,226,967 5 3,226,967 — — — —

Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 2 607,200 2 607,200 — — — —

University of Oklahoma Health 

Sciences Center

10 4,646,079 10 4,646,079 — — — —

Total Oklahoma 19 9,356,639 19 9,356,639 — — — —

Oregon

Dimera, LLC 2 1,285,950 2 1,285,950 — — — —

Oregon Center for Applied Science, Inc. 1 165,573 1 165,573 — — — —

Oregon Health and Science University 39 14,389,045 33 13,697,207 6 691,838 — —

Oregon Research Institute 3 1,090,644 3 1,090,644 — — — —

Oregon State University 1 309,059 1 309,059 — — — —

Portland State University 1 355,000 1 355,000 — — — —

University of Oregon 2 429,660 2 429,660 — — — —

Total Oregon 49 18,024,931 43 17,333,093 6 691,838 — —

Pennsylvania

Allegheny-Singer Research Institute 2 582,871 2 582,871 — — — —

CardiacAssist, Inc. 1 479,743 1 479,743 — — — —

Carnegie Mellon University 4 1,292,267 4 1,292,267 — — — —

CASurgica, Inc. 1 633,241 1 633,241 — — — —

Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 41 26,661,844 39 26,100,177 2 561,667 — —

Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh 7 2,059,585 7 2,059,585 — — — —

CollaGenex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 719,101 1 719,101 — — — —

Drexel University 1 334,629 1 334,629 — — — —

Drexel University College of Medicine 5 1,545,084 4 1,461,994 1 83,090 — —

Ension, Inc. 3 1,121,373 2 587,684 — — 1 533,689

Fox Chase Cancer Center 1 425,000 1 425,000 — — — —

Institute for Cancer Research 1 477,110 1 477,110 — — — —

Lankenau Medical Research Center 1 400,000 1 400,000 — — — —

Magee-Women’s Health Corporation 1 14,721 — — 1 14,721 — —

Medical Diagnostic Research 

Foundation

1 306,499 1 306,499 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

181

Membrane Assays, Inc. — 61,760 — 61,760 — — — —

National Disease Research Interchange — 25,000 — 25,000 — — — —

Octagen Corporation 1 1,004,225 1 1,004,225 — — — —

Pennsylvania State University, 

Milton S. Hershey Medical Center

25 13,293,446 24 12,471,024 — — 1 822,422

Pennsylvania State University, 

University Park

3 863,713 3 863,713 — — — —

Separation Design Group, LLC 1 152,977 1 152,977 — — — —

Temple University 19 6,253,266 15 5,730,649 3 437,463 1 85,154

The Institute for Transfusion Medicine 1 702,405 — — — — 1 702,405

Thomas Jefferson University 16 6,617,607 15 6,600,901 1 16,706 — —

University of Pennsylvania 125 61,761,842 107 57,695,492 18 4,066,350

University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh 106 54,269,363 86 48,266,519 15 1,609,458 5 4,393,386

Wistar Institute 4 2,554,000 4 2,554,000 — — — —

Total Pennsylvania 372 184,612,672 322 171,286,161 41 6,789,455 9 6,537,056

Rhode Island

Brown University 6 2,834,700 5 2,776,699 1 58,001 — —

Gordon Research Conferences 8 155,000 8 155,000 — — — —

Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island 2 1,370,537 1 582,210 — — 1 788,327

Miriam Hospital 10 3,410,607 9 3,366,631 1 43,976 — —

Pro-Change Behavior Systems, Inc. 3 1,070,412 3 1,070,412 — — — —

Rhode Island Hospital, Providence 4 2,314,744 4 2,314,744 — — — —

Roger Williams Hospital 2 580,108 2 580,108 — — — —

Total Rhode Island 35 11,736,108 32 10,845,804 2 101,977 1 788,327

South Carolina

Clemson University 2 583,500 2 583,500 — — — —

Medical University of South Carolina 33 12,628,572 27 11,144,088 4 735,732 2 748,752

Organ Recovery Systems, Inc. 1 410,890 1 410,890 — — — —

University of South Carolina at 

Columbia

13 4,797,219 13 4,797,219 — — — —

Total South Carolina 49 18,420,181 43 16,935,697 4 735,732 2 748,752

South Dakota

Missouri Breaks Research, Inc. 1 920,557 1 920,557 — — — —

South Dakota Health Research 

Foundation

1 276,675 1 276,675 — — — —

University of South Dakota 1 351,250 1 351,250 — — — —

Total South Dakota 3 1,548,482 3 1,548,482 — — — —

Tennessee

Cumberland Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 256,807 1 256,807 — — — —

East Tennessee State University 4 1,121,731 4 1,121,731 — — — —

Meharry Medical College 5 1,733,800 3 1,208,599 2 525,201 — —

St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 10 8,982,098 9 8,747,697 — — 1 234,401

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

182

University of Memphis 4 2,456,494 4 2,456,494 — — — —

University of Tennessee at Knoxville 2 507,150 2 507,150 — — — —

University of Tennessee Health 

Sciences Center

29 9,766,849 27 8,509,533 1 75,605 1 1,181,711

Vanderbilt University 79 36,729,208 67 34,238,291 10 2,100,504 2 390,413

Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 

Memphis

1 2,798,664 — — — — 1 2,798,664

Total Tennessee 135 64,352,801 117 57,046,302 13 2,701,310 5 4,605,189

Texas

Baylor College of Medicine 91 34,736,285 75 29,739,378 12 2,374,684 4 2,622,223

Baylor Research Institute 1 338,199 1 338,199 — — — —

Cardiovascular Biosciences, Inc. 1 525,646 1 525,646 — — — —

Cooper Institute for Aerobics 

Research

3 1,373,056 3 1,373,056 — — — —

Corinnova, Inc. 1 99,998 1 99,998 — — — —

Encysive Pharmaceuticals 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Lexicon Genetics, Inc. 1 1,000,000 — — — — 1 1,000,000

Lynntech, Inc. 4 663,327 4 663,327 — — — —

MicroFab Technologies, Inc. 1 148,700 1 148,700 — — — —

Millar Instruments, Inc. 2 377,811 2 377,811 — — — —

Raman Systems, Inc. 1 100,031 1 100,031 — — — —

Rice University 1 188,750 1 188,750 — — — —

Southwest Foundation for Biomedical 

Research

7 9,175,992 7 9,175,992 — — — —

Texas A&M University Health 

Science Center

14 5,792,304 13 5,734,768 1 57,536 — —

Texas A&M University System 4 957,778 4 957,778 — — — —

Texas Engineering Experiment Station 2 980,788 2 980,788 — — — —

University of North Texas Health 

Sciences Center

7 2,054,228 6 1,918,450 1 135,778 — —

University of Texas at Austin 3 527,729 2 477,801 1 49,928 — —

University of Texas at Dallas 2 642,465 2 642,465 — — — —

University of Texas at San Antonio 1 303,435 1 303,435 — — — —

University of Texas Health Sciences 

Center at Houston

25 15,025,032 23 14,728,703 1 54,930 1 241,399

University of Texas Health Sciences 

Center at San Antonio

21 8,665,419 18 7,752,219 2 286,577 1 626,623

University of Texas Health Sciences 

Center at Tyler

8 3,436,272 8 3,436,272 — — — —

University of Texas M.D. Anderson 

Cancer Center

8 2,949,798 8 2,949,798 — — — —

University of Texas Medical Branch at 

Galveston

15 5,077,330 13 4,449,860 1 85,633 1 541,837

University of Texas of the Permian 

Basin

1 209,995 1 209,995 — — — —

University of Texas–Pan American — 381,463 — 381,463 — — — —

University of Texas Southwestern 

Medical Center at Dallas

49 24,276,648 43 22,473,772 5 1,158,863 1 644,013

Total Texas 275 120,108,479 242 110,228,455 24 4,203,929 9 5,676,095

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

183

Utah

Frontier Scientific, Inc. 1 535,348 1 535,348 — — — —

LDS Hospital 3 901,322 1 575,237 — — 2 326,085

Thrombodyne, Inc. 1 979,404 1 979,404 — — — —

University of Utah 45 15,033,607 40 14,191,711 5 841,896 — —

Utah Artificial Heart Institute 1 1,190,510 1 1,190,510 — — — —

Total Utah 51 18,640,191 44 17,472,210 5 841,896 2 326,085

Vermont

Haematologic Technologies, Inc. 2 518,238 2 518,238 — — — —

Psychological Applications, LLC 1 106,566 1 106,566 — — — —

University of Vermont and State 

Agricultural College

42 16,648,258 36 15,502,510 5 779,859 1 365,889

Total Vermont 45 17,273,062 39 16,127,314 5 779,859 1 365,889

Virginia

Adenosine Therapeutics, LLC 2 1,099,925 2 1,099,925 — — — —

American Psychosomatic Society 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

Eastern Virginia Medical School 2 465,605 2 465,605 — — — —

Empirical Technologies Corporation 1 276,693 1 276,693 — — — —

Formatta Corporation — 500,000 — 500,000 — — — —

George Mason University 1 142,234 1 142,234 — — — —

Hampton University — 100,682 — 100,682 — — — —

National Science Foundation 1 78,039 — — — — 1 78,039

SonoMedica, LLC 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Talisman, Ltd. 1 910,764 1 910,764 — — — —

University of Virginia, Charlottesville 56 24,545,787 46 23,012,939 9 1,453,232 1 79,616

Virginia Commonwealth University 14 4,514,623 14 4,514,623 — — — —

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and 

State University

1 149,206 1 149,206 — — — —

Total Virginia 81 32,893,558 70 31,282,671 9 1,453,232 2 157,655

Washington

Asthma Inc. 1 261,514 1 261,514 — — — —

Axio Research Corporation 1 1 1 1 — — — —

Barlow Scientific 2 475,000 2 475,000 — — — —

Battelle Pacific Northwest 

Laboratories

1 2,002,622 1 2,002,622 — — — —

Catch, Inc. 1 279,310 1 279,310 — — — —

Children’s Hospital and Medical 

Center

5 2,519,901 5 2,519,901 — — — —

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research 

Center

17 16,778,509 14 8,188,237 1 55,352 2 8,534,920

Group Health Cooperative of Puget 

Sound

1 699,767 1 699,767 — — — —

Inologic, Inc. 1 493,160 1 493,160 — — — —

Insilicos, LLC 1 198,415 1 198,415 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

184

Institute for Systems Biology 2 843,327 1 122,487 — — 1 720,840

MicroPlumbers Microsciences, LLC 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Omeros Corporation 1 127,000 1 127,000 — — — —

Pathway Medical Technologies, Inc. 1 460,988 1 460,988 — — — —

Phantoms by Design, Inc. 2 751,670 2 751,670 — — — —

Pro-Tech Services, Inc. 1 198,287 1 198,287 — — — —

Puget Sound Blood Center 5 3,008,031 4 2,950,495 1 57,536 — —

Seattle Institute for Cardiac Research 1 1,800,742 1 1,800,742 — — — —

Spencer Technologies 2 637,296 2 637,296 — — — —

Syntrix Biosystems, Inc. 1 711,818 1 711,818 — — — —

University of Washington 126 67,590,827 110 58,599,668 10 3,185,728 6 5,805,431

VisionGate, Inc. 1 199,200 1 199,200 — — — —

Washington State University 4 1,746,292 4 1,746,292 — — — —

Western Washington University 1 180,133 1 180,133 — — — —

Total Washington 180 102,063,810 159 83,704,003 12 3,298,616 9 15,061,191

West Virginia

West Virginia University 6 2,281,956 6 2,281,956 — — — —

Total West Virginia 6 2,281,956 6 2,281,956 — — — —

Wisconsin

American Society of Gene Therapy 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

Blood Center of Southeastern 

Wisconsin

10 3,777,283 8 2,759,935 1 43,895 1 973,453

Marquette University 1 217,500 1 217,500 — — — —

Marshfield Clinic 1 3,749,999 — — — — 1 3,749,999

Medical College of Wisconsin 67 33,013,688 60 31,397,075 5 592,275 2 1,024,338

SpectroCon, LLC 1 406,549 1 406,549 — — — —

University of Wisconsin, Madison 47 20,821,307 42 18,968,089 4 1,194,003 1 659,215

WiCell Research Institute — 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —

Total Wisconsin 128 62,096,326 113 53,859,148 10 1,830,173 5 6,407,005

Puerto Rico

Universidad Central del Caribe — 172,925 — 172,925 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez — 162,675 — 162,675 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico, Medical 

Sciences

1 744,201 1 744,201 — — — —

Total Puerto Rico 1 1,079,801 1 1,079,801 — — — —

Total U.S. 5,563 2,587,760,340 4,880 2,297,683,554 483 87,424,194 200 202,652,592

Argentina

National University of Cordoba 1 36,532 — — 1 36,532 — —

Total Argentina 1 36,532 — — 1 36,532 — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

185

Australia

ES Cell International Pte Ltd. — 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —

Howard Florey Institute 1 402,306 1 402,306 — — — —

James Cook University of North 

Queensland

1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

National Centre/HIV Epidemiology 

Clinical Research

1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

Royal Melbourne Hospital 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne 1 216,000 1 216,000 — — — —

University of Melbourne 2 227,000 2 227,000 — — — —

University of Sydney 1 209,600 1 209,600 — — — —

University of Western Australia 1 216,000 1 216,000 — — — —

Victor Chang Cardiac Research 

Institute

1 83,323 1 83,323 — — — —

Total Australia 10 2,194,229 10 2,194,229 — — — —

Belgium

Flanders Interuniversity Institute of 

Biotechnology

1 175,000 1 175,000 — — — —

Free University of Brussels 1 297,000 1 297,000 — — — —

Total Belgium 2 472,000 2 472,000 — — — —

Canada

Clinical Research Institute of Montreal 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto 3 743,975 3 743,975 — — — —

McGill University 1 300,000 1 300,000 — — — —

McMaster University 1 4,541,818 — — — — 1 4,541,818

Ottawa Health Research Institute 1 181,922 1 181,922 — — — —

St. Michael’s Hospital 1 206,675 1 206,675 — — — —

University Health Network 1 178,200 1 178,200 — — — —

University of Alberta 2 229,988 2 229,988 — — — —

University of British Columbia 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — —

University of Calgary 3 654,998 3 654,998 — — — —

University of Montreal 2 454,574 2 454,574 — — — —

University of Toronto — 80,000 — 80,000 — — — —

Total Canada 17 8,112,150 16 3,570,332 — — 1 4,541,818

China

Chinese Center, Disease Control and 

Prevention

— 24,300 — 24,300 — — — —

Total China — 24,300 — 24,300 — — — —

Finland

University of Helsinki 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

Total Finland 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

186

Hungary

Eotvos Lorand University — 40,000 — 40,000 — — — —

Total Hungary — 40,000 — 40,000 — — — —

India

Center for DNA Fingerprinting/ 

Diagnostics

— 39,000 — 39,000 — — — —

Total India — 39,000 — 39,000 — — — —

Israel

Technion-Israel Institute of 

Technology

2 371,352 1 344,978 1 26,374 — —

Total Israel 2 371,352 1 344,978 1 26,374 — —

Italy

University of Parma 1 369,028 1 369,028 — — — —

Total Italy 1 369,028 1 369,028 — — — —

Netherlands

Erasmus University of Rotterdam 1 216,000 1 216,000 — — — —

Hubrecht Laboratory 1 49,928 — — 1 49,928 — —

State University at Groningen 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

Wageningen University 1 486,909 1 486,909 — — — —

Total Netherlands 4 1,022,837 3 972,909 1 49,928 — —

Nigeria

University of Ibadan — 10,000 — 10,000 — — — —

Total Nigeria — 10,000 — 10,000 — — — —

Republic of Korea

Mizmedi Hospital — 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —

Total Republic of Korea — 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —

Russia

Central Institute for Tuberculosis 1 150,000 1 150,000 — — — —

Total Russia 1 150,000 1 150,000 — — — —

Sweden

Karolinska Institute 2 600,836 2 600,836 — — — —

Uppsala University 1 162,000 1 162,000 — — — —

Total Sweden 3 762,836 3 762,836 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

187

Thailand

Chiang Mai University — 16,200 — 16,200 — — — —

Total Thailand — 16,200 — 16,200 — — — —

United Kingdom

Royal Free and University College 

Medical School

1 215,600 1 215,600 — — — —

University of Bristol 1 483,948 1 483,948 — — — —

University of Edinburgh 1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

University of London National Heart 

and Lung Institute

1 346,653 1 346,653 — — — —

University of London University 

College, London

2 530,533 2 530,533 — — — —

University of Oxford 1 43,976 — — 1 43,976 — —

University of Southampton 1 250,787 1 250,787 — — — —

Total United Kingdom 8 2,071,497 7 2,027,521 1 43,976 — —

Total Other 50 16,061,961 45 11,363,333 4 156,810 1 4,541,818

Grand Total 5,613 $2,603,822,301 4,925 $2,309,046,887 487 $87,581,004 201 $207,194,410

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Appendixes

Types of Research Activity

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

Index

NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

191

Research Projects

Research Project Grants (R01): To support discrete and specific projects to be performed by one or 

several investigators in areas of the investigator’s 

particular interests and competencies.

Research Projects (Cooperative Agreements) 

(U01): To support discrete, circumscribed projects 

in areas of an investigator’s specific interest and 

competency involving substantial programmatic participation by the NHLBI during performance of the 

activity.

Research Program Projects (P01): To support 

broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term 

research projects that have specific major objectives 

or basic themes directed toward a well-defined 

research program goal. Usually, a relatively large, 

organized group of researchers conducts individual 

subprojects, the results of which help achieve objectives of the program project.

Small Research Grants (R03): To provide limited 

support for extended analyses of research data generated by clinical trials, population research, and demonstration and education studies.

Academic Research Enhancement Awards 

(AREA) (R15): To support small-scale research 

projects conducted by faculty in primarily baccalaureate degree-granting domestic institutions. Awards 

are for up to $75,000 for direct costs (plus applicable 

indirect costs) for periods not to exceed 36 months.

Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21): To

encourage the development of new research activities in heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders program areas.

Resource-Related Research Projects (R24): To

support research projects that will enhance the capability of resources to serve biomedical research in 

areas related to cardiovascular, lung, and blood health 

and diseases; blood resources; and sleep disorders. 

First Independent Research Support and Transition (FIRST) Award (R29): To provide a sufficient 

initial period of research support for newly independent biomedical investigators to develop their 

research capabilities and demonstrate the merit of 

their research ideas.

Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R33): To provide phase II support for innovative exploratory and 

developmental research activities initiated under the 

R21 mechanism.

Method To Extend Research in Time (MERIT) 

Award (R37): To provide long-term research grant 

support to investigators whose research competency 

and productivity are distinctly superior and thus are 

likely to continue to perform in an outstanding manner. Investigators may not apply for a MERIT 

award; instead, they are selected by the NHLBI on 

the basis of their current grant applications and their 

present and past grant support.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase I (R41): To support cooperative 

R&D projects between small business concerns and 

research institutions, limited in time and amount, to 

establish the technical merit and feasibility of ideas 

that have potential for commercialization. Awards 

are made to small business concerns only.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase II (R42): To support in-depth 

development of cooperative R&D projects between 

small business concerns and research institutions, 

limited in time and amount, whose feasibility has 

been established in phase I and that have potential 

for commercialization. Awards are made to small 

business concerns only.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) 

Grants, Phase I (R43): To support projects, limited 

in time and amount, to establish the technical merit 

and feasibility of research and development ideas 

that may ultimately lead to commercial products or 

services.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) 

Grants, Phase II (R44): To support research 

project ideas that have been shown to be feasible in 

phase I and that are likely to result in commercially 

marketable products or services.

Types of Research Activity
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

192

Research Centers

Exploratory Grants (P20): To support planning for 

new programs, expansion or modification of existing 

resources, and feasibility studies to explore various 

approaches to the development of interdisciplinary programs that offer potential solutions to problems of special significance to the mission of the NHLBI.

Center Core Grants (P30): To support shared 

resources and facilities for basic, clinical, behavioral, 

and translational research in the prevention, detection, 

and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. 

Animal (Mammalian and Nonmammalian) Model 

and Animal and Material Resource Grant (P40): To 

develop and support animal models, or animal or biological materials resources. Nonmammalian resources 

include nonmammalian vertebrates, invertebrates, cell 

systems, and nonbiological systems.

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) Grants 

(P50): To support both basic and clinical research 

related to an Institute-identified theme. The spectrum of 

SCOR activities comprises multidisciplinary approaches 

to specific disease entities or biomedical problem areas. 

The SCOR grants differ from research program projects 

in that they are in response to an announcement of programmatic needs of the Institute. Centers may be asked 

to perform additional studies because of urgently needed 

information or may serve as a regional or national 

resource for special purpose research.

Comprehensive Specialized Research Center Grants 

(U54): To support a large, interrelated biomedical 

research program focused on a disorder within the Institute’s mandate; to initiate and expand community education, screening, and counseling programs; and to educate 

medical and allied health professionals concerning problems of diagnosis and treatment of specific diseases such 

as sickle cell anemia.

Research Career Programs

Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K01): To support underrepresented 

minority faculty members with varying levels of 

research experience to prepare them for research careers 

as independent investigators.

Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research 

Ethics (K01): To provide support for training in 

research ethics for health professionals working at academic and other health-related institutions in biomedical, 

behavioral, or public health research, particularly 

research involving human participants.

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01): To support faculty 

members at minority institutions who have the interest 

and potential to conduct state-of-the-art research in cardiovascular, pulmonary, or hematologic disease, or in 

sleep disorders.

Independent Scientist Award (K02): To enhance the 

research capability of promising individuals in the formative stages of their careers of independent research in 

the sciences related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; 

blood resources; and sleep disorders.

Research Career Development Award (K04): To foster the development of young scientists with outstanding 

research potential for careers of independent research in 

the sciences related to heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and blood resources. New grants are no longer awarded.

Research Career Award (K06): To assist institutions 

in supporting established investigators of high competency for the duration of their careers. New grants are no 

longer awarded.

Academic Award (K07): To support an individual with 

an academic appointment to introduce or improve a disease curriculum that will enhance the academic or 

research environment of the applicant institution as well 

as further the individual’s own career. This award series 

includes the Preventive Cardiology Academic Award, 

the Preventive Pulmonary Academic Award, the Transfusion Medicine Academic Award, and the Systemic 

Pulmonary and Vascular Diseases Academic Awards, the 

Asthma Academic Award, the Tuberculosis Academic 

Award, the Sleep Academic Award, the Nutrition Academic Award, and the Cultural Competence and Health 

Disparities Academic Award. Currently, only the Sleep 

Academic Award and the Cultural Competence and 

Health Disparities Academic Award programs are being 

supported.

Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08): 

To provide an opportunity for clinically trained physicians to develop research skills and gain experience in 

advanced research methods and experimental 

approaches in basic and applied sciences relevant to 

cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematological diseases. 

This award was developed to encourage clinical investigators to engage in research in specific areas designated 

by the Institute.
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Physician Scientist Award (K11): To encourage newly 

trained clinicians to develop independent research skills 

and experience in one of the fundamental sciences. New 

grants are no longer awarded.

Minority School Faculty Development Award (K14): 

To develop faculty investigators at minority schools and 

to enhance their research capabilities in areas related to 

heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; and 

sleep disorders. New grants are no longer awarded.

Research Development Award for Minority Faculty 

(K14): To encourage the development of minority faculty investigators and to enhance their research capabilities in areas related to cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

health and disease; transfusion medicine; and sleep disorders. New grants are no longer awarded.

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

(K18): To enable established investigators to acquire 

new research capabilities in the use of human or animal 

embryonic, adult, or cord blood stem cells. All candidates must have a sponsor, either within their own or at 

another institution, who is a well-qualified stem cell 

expert to serve as a mentor.

NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22): To support 

the postdoctoral research training of an outstanding individual in an NHLBI intramural laboratory for up to 3 

years and subsequently, to support the individual’s successful transition from postdoctoral research to an extramural environment as an independent researcher.

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23): To provide support for career 

development to investigators who have made a commitment to focus their research endeavors on patientoriented research. 

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24): To provide support for clinicians to 

allow them “protected time” to devote to patient-oriented 

research and to act as mentors for beginning clinical 

investigators. 

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (K25): To provide support to investigators 

with quantitative science or engineering backgrounds 

who have made a commitment to focus their research on 

basic or clinical biomedicine, bioengineering, bioimaging, or behavioral sciences.

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (CRCA) (K30): 

To stimulate inclusion of high-quality, multidisciplinary 

didactic training in fundamental skills, methodology, 

theories, and conceptualization as part of the career 

development of clinical investigators. 

Other Research Grants

Scientific Evaluation (R09): To provide funds to the 

chairman of an initial review group for operation of the 

review group.

Cooperative Clinical Research (R10) (U10): To support studies and evaluations of relevant clinical problems. These grants usually involve collaborative efforts 

among several institutions and principal investigators 

and are conducted under a formal protocol.

Conference Grants (R13): To support national and 

international scientific meetings, conferences, or workshops at which research is discussed.

Research Demonstration and Education Projects 

(R18): To provide support designed to develop, test, and 

evaluate health-related activities and to foster application 

of existing knowledge to the control of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders.

Education Projects (R25): To provide support for the 

development and implementation of a program as it 

relates to a category in one or more of the areas of education, information, training, technical assistance, coordination, or evaluation.

Minority Biomedical Research Support Grants (S06) 

(S14): To strengthen the biomedical research and 

research training capability of minority institutions and 

to assist in increasing the involvement of minority faculty and students in biomedical research.

Biomedical Research Support Grants (S07): To

strengthen, balance, and stabilize supported biomedical 

and behavioral research programs through flexible funds 

that permit institutions to respond quickly and effectively to emerging needs and opportunities; to enhance 

creativity and innovation, to support pilot studies, and to 

improve research resources.

Continuing Education Training Grant (T15): To

assist professional schools and other public and nonprofit institutions to establish, expand, or improve programs of continuing professional education, especially 

for programs dealing with new scientific developments.

Scientific Review and Evaluation (U09): To support 

an initial Scientific Review Group responsible for the 
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

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assessment of scientific and technical merit of grant 

applications.

Conference (Cooperative Agreements) (U13): To support international, national, or regional meetings; conferences; and workshops where substantial programmatic 

involvement is planned to assist the recipient.

Resource-Related Research Projects (U24): To support research projects contributing to improvement of the 

capability of resources to serve biomedical research.

National Swine Research and Resource Center (U42): 

To support a National Swine Research and Resource 

Center that will serve as a resource for depositing, maintaining, preserving, and distributing swine models for 

studies of human diseases, as well as cryopreservation, 

storage, and reconstitution of embryos and germplasm.

Small Business Innovation Research Cooperative 

Agreements (U44): To provide support for phase II and 

fast-track projects that directly address identification and 

preclinical testing of new therapeutics.

Historical Black College and University Scientist 

Award (UH1): To strengthen and augment the human 

resources at historically black colleges and universities 

(HBCU) by recruiting an established research scientist 

into their biomedical or behavioral sciences department; 

to enhance the career of the recruited research scientist; 

and to strengthen other HBCU resources for the conduct 

of biomedical or behavioral research in areas related to 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood health and disease; transfusion medicine; and sleep disorders.

Individual National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA) 

Predoctoral Individual NRSA (F31): To provide predoctoral individuals with supervised research training in 

areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood 

resources; and sleep disorders leading toward the 

research degree (e.g., Ph.D.).

Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32): To provide 

postdoctoral research training to individuals to broaden 

their scientific background and extend their potential for 

research in areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and blood resources.

NRSA for Senior Fellows (F33): To provide experienced scientists with an opportunity to make major 

changes in the direction of their research careers, to 

broaden their scientific background, to acquire new 

research capabilities, to enlarge their command of an 

allied research field, or to take time from regular professional responsibilities for the purpose of broadening their 

research capabilities.

Intramural NRSA Individual Postdoctoral Program 

Appointee (F35): To offer research health scientists, 

research clinicians, and others the opportunity to receive 

full-time research training in intramural laboratories of 

the NHLBI and of other Institutes of the NIH.

Institutional National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA)

Institutional NRSA (T32): To enable institutions to 

make awards to individuals selected by them for predoctoral and postdoctoral research training in areas related 

to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; and 

sleep disorders.

Minority Institutional Research Training Program 

(T32M): To support full-time research training for 

investigative careers at minority schools in areas of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic diseases and 

sleep disorders. Graduate students, postdoctoral students, or health professions students may be supported 

under this program.

MARC Undergraduate NRSA Institutional Grants 

(T34): To support institutional training grants for underrepresented minority undergraduates to obtain research 

training and improve their preparation for graduate training in the biomedical and behavioral sciences.

NRSA Short-Term Research Training (T35 and 

T35S): To provide individuals with research training 

during off-quarters or summer periods to encourage 

research careers or to encourage research in areas of 

national need. This program includes the Short-Term 

Training for Minority Students Program and short-term 

training for students in health professional schools.

MARC Visiting Professors for Minority Institutions 

(T36): To increase the number of well-trained minority 

scientists in biomedical disciplines and to strengthen the 

research and teaching capabilities of minority institutions.

Other Support

Research and Development Contracts (N01): To 

develop or apply new knowledge or test, screen, or evaluate a product, material, device, or component for use by 

the scientific community.
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

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Small Business Innovation Research (N43): To support projects, limited in time and amount, to establish the 

technical merit and feasibility of R&D ideas that may 

ultimately lead to a commercial product(s) or service(s).

NIH Interagency Agreements (Y01): To provide a 

source of funds to another Federal agency to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

NIH Intra-Agency Agreements (Y02): To provide a 

source of funds to another NIH component to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

Minority Research Supplements Programs: To

provide supplemental funds to active NHLBI grants to 

support the research of minority high school, undergraduate, and graduate students; postdoctoral trainees; and 

investigators.

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197

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACCORD Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk 

in Diabetes

ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme

ACRN Asthma Clinical Research Network

ACTION A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of 

Exercise

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

ALLHAT Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering 

Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial

AMI acute myocardial infarction

APPLES Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term 

Efficacy Study

ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome

ARDSNet Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 

Clinical Network

ARIC Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities

ATP III Adult Treatment Panel III

BABY HUG Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical 

Trial

BEA Board of Extramural Advisors

BARI 2D Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics

CABG coronary artery bypass graft

CAMP–CS Childhood Asthma Management

/Phase 2 Program–Continuation Study/Phase 2

CARDIA Coronary Artery Risk Development in 

Young Adults

CARE Childhood Asthma Research and 

Education Network

CF cystic fibrosis

CHD coronary heart disease

CHS Cardiovascular Health Study

CIHR Canadian Institutes of Health Research

COBLT Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation 

Study

COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CORAL Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions

CSCC Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers

CVD cardiovascular diseases

DASH Dietary Approaches To Stop 

Hypertension

DBDR Division of Blood Diseases and 

Resources

DEA Division of Extramural Affairs

DECA Division of Epidemiology and Clinical 

Applications

DHVD Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases

DIR Division of Intramural Research

DLD Division of Lung Diseases

EDUC Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization 

Center

FOCUS Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular 

Patients Undergoing Surgical Hip 

Fracture Repair

FORTE Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in 

Emphysema

FY fiscal year

GEMS Girls Health Enrichment Multisite 

Studies

GOCADAN Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in 

Alaska Natives

HAT Home Automatic External Defibrillator 

Trial

HBCU historically black colleges and 

universities
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

198

HDL high-density lipoprotein

HEW Department of Health, Education, and 

Welfare (now HHS)

HHS Health and Human Services (formerly 

HEW)

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

ICD International Classification of Diseases

IMMEDIATE Immediate Myocardial Metabolic 

Enhancement During Initial Assessment 

and Treatment in Emergency Care

IPF idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

JHS Jackson Heart Study

LDL low-density lipoprotein

MARC Minority Access to Research Careers

MERIT Method To Extend Research in Time

MESA Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

MGS Mammalian Genotyping Service

MI myocardial infarction 

MSH Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea

NAEPP National Asthma Education and 

Prevention Program

NCEP National Cholesterol Education Program

NCHS National Center for Health Statistics

NCI National Cancer Institute

NCSDR National Center on Sleep Disorders 

Research

NETT National Emphysema Treatment Trial

NHAAP National Heart Attack Alert Program

NHANES National Health and Nutrition 

Examination Survey

NHBPEP National High Blood Pressure Education 

Program

NHI National Heart Institute

NHIS National Health Interview Survey

NHLBAC National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Advisory Council

NHLBI National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute (formerly NHI and NHLI)

NHLI National Heart and Lung Institute

NIA National Institute on Aging

NICHD National Institute of Child Health and 

Human Development

NIAMS National Institute of Arthritis and 

Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases 

NIDDK National Institute of Diabetes and 

Digestive and Kidney Diseases

NIH National Institutes of Health

NRSA National Research Service Award

OAR Office of AIDS Research

OD Office of the Director

OEI Obesity Education Initiative

OMHA Office of Minority Health

OPEC Office of Prevention, Education, and 

Control

OSA obstructive sleep apnea

PA Program Announcement

PAD peripheral artery disease

PAHO Pan American Health Organization

PEACE Prevention of Events With Angiotensin 

Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy

PEGT Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy

PGA Programs for Genomic Applications

PHS Public Health Service

PIOPED Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis

POUNDS Preventing Overweight Using Novel

LOST Dietary Strategies

REDS Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study

RFA Request for Applications
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

199

RFP Request for Proposals

RPG research project grant

SANDS Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics 

Study

SBIR Small Business Innovation Research

SCD sickle cell disease

SCCOR Specialized Centers of Clinically 

Oriented Research

SCOR Specialized Centers of Research

SDB sleep disordered breathing

SEP Special Emphasis Panel

SES socioeconomic status

SIDS sudden infant death syndrome

SRG Scientific Research Group

STICH Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart 

Failure

STTR Small Business Technology Transfer

SWITCH Stroke With Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea

TAAG Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls

TB tuberculosis

WHI Women’s Health Initiative

WLM Weight Loss Maintenance

WISE Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation

WHO World Health Organization

NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Index

201

Index

A

Abbreviations, 197–199

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD), 

122, 126, 127, 149

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network 

(ARDSNet), 58, 123, 126, 129–130

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent Vascular Events, 

88, 90

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent 

Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 33, 35, 122, 126, 127, 144

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study (APPLES), 

89, 101–102, 119, 121

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), 32, 88, 98, 119, 

124, 126, 130, 150

Asthma Exacerbations: Biology and Disease Progression, 60, 149

Atherosclerosis, Plaque, and CVD in Communities, 88, 90

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 57, 90, 110, 112, 

140, 141

B

Bioengineering Approaches to Energy Balance and Obesity, 60

Bioengineering Research Partnerships, 60

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network, 89, 

100, 125, 126, 133, 154

Blood diseases (See also Disease statistics), deaths, and 

economic costs, 38–40, 55

Blood Diseases and Resources Program, obligations by funding 

mechanism, 71

Budget History, FY 1950–2005, 73

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 

Diabetics (BARI 2D), 88, 90, 118, 121, 149

C

Cardiovascular Diseases (See Heart and vascular diseases)

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), 110–111, 140

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Events Follow-Up Study, 

57, 88, 90–91

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions 

(CORAL), 88, 91, 118, 121

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research, 81, 161, 162

Causes and Mechanisms of COPD Exacerbations, 58

Cellular and Genetic Discovery Toward Curative Therapy in 

Myleoproliferative Disorders, 59

Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Diseases, 88, 91

Center for Human Cell Therapy, 89, 100–101

Centers for AIDS Research Program, 69, 71, 81, 107–108

Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities, 88, 98–99, 150

Centers of Excellence in Translational Human Stem Cell 

Research, 61

Characterization of Genetic Variants of HIV and Other BloodBorne Viruses, 61

Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP), 123, 126, 

130–131, 150

Childhood Asthma Management Program–Continuation Study 

(CAMP–CS)/Phase 2, 88, 99, 119

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network, 

88, 99, 125, 126, 131, 150

Claudication Exercise vs. Edoluminal Revascularization, 88, 

91, 119, 121

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation 

Outcomes, 24, 124, 126, 127–128

Clinical Trials (See also individual trials), 117–137

Institute-initiated: contracts, FY 1995–2005, 122–123

cooperative agreements, FY 1995–2005, 124–125

summary by program, FY 2005, 126

Investigator-initiated, FY 1995–2005, 117–120

summary by program, FY 2005, 121

Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation (CTOT), 124, 126, 128

Collaborative Program in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, 88, 99

Community-Responsive Intervention To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in American Indians and Alaska 

Natives, 58, 142

Competing Continuation Awards of SBIR Phase II Grants for 

Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Disorders, 59

Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers Program, 81, 107, 139, 153

Contract obligations (See Research and development contracts)

Cooperative Agreements, 81, 88–102, 117–120, 124–125, 126

COPD Clinical Research Network, 88, 100, 125, 126, 131

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study (COBLT), 123, 

126, 133, 154

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults 

(CARDIA), 110, 111, 140, 147

Coronary Revascularization in Diabetic Patients, 88, 91–92

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities Academic Award, 

81, 142, 161, 162

D

Development of a Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire 

in Sickle Cell Disease, 59, 154–155

Development of Serological Assays To Distinguish Incident 

HIV Infections in Vaccine Recipients Developing HIV 

Antibodies During Field Tests, 61
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Index

202

Directory of Personnel, 1–7

Disease statistics (See also Blood diseases, Heart and vascular 

diseases, Lung diseases)

adult population with hypertension, 53

change in death rates for selected causes, 47

death rates for cardiovascular diseases, 41

death rates for heart diseases, 37, 44

death rates for lung diseases, 47, 49–50

death rates for stroke, 44

deaths by major causes, 39

deaths from blood diseases, 40

deaths from cardiovascular diseases, 40, 41

deaths from heart failure, 43

deaths from lung diseases, 40

discharged dead from hospital with cardiovascular and lung 

diseases, 45

economic costs of illness, 37–38, 55

hospitalization rates for heart failure, 38, 54

persons experiencing asthma episodes in previous 12 

months, 54

physician office visits for sleep disorders, 50

prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, 52

prevalence of common cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases, 51, 52

ten leading causes of death, 42

ten leading causes of death among minority groups, 42

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping, 110, 111

Dynamic Assessment of Patient-Reported Chronic Disease 

Outcomes, 124, 126, 128

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 

88, 92

E

Early Antipseudomonal Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis, 88, 100

Employment, FY 1995–2005, 76

Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, obligations by 

funding mechanism, 70

Extramural research funding

dollars funded by funding mechanism, FY 1995–2005, 

78–79

percentage trends by funding mechanism, FY 1995–2005, 

78, 80

F

Family Blood Pressure Program, 58, 88, 92, 143

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in Emphysema (FORTE), 

123, 126, 131–132

Framingham Study (Framingham Heart Study), 30, 32, 110, 

112

Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients Undergoing 

Surgical Hip Fracture Repair (FOCUS), 89, 101, 120, 121

Funding of grants, contracts, and training by:

foreign country and institution, FY 2005:

Argentina, 184; Australia, 185; Belgium, 185; Canada, 

185; China, 185; Finland, 185; Hungry, 186; India, 186; 

Israel, 186; Italy, 186; Netherlands, 186; Nigeria, 186; 

Republic of Korea, 186; Russia, 186; Sweden, 186; 

Thailand, 187; United Kingdom, 187

state or territory and institution, FY 2005:

Alabama, 166; Arizona, 166; Arkansas, 166; California, 

166–168; Colorado, 168; Connecticut, 168–169; 

Delaware, 169; District of Columbia, 169; Florida, 169; 

Georgia, 170; Hawaii, 170; Illinois, 170; Indiana, 171; 

Iowa, 171; Kansas, 171; Kentucky, 171; Louisiana, 

171–172; Maine, 172; Maryland, 172–173; 

Massachusetts, 173–174; Michigan, 174–175; Minnesota, 

175; Mississippi, 175; Missouri, 175–176; Montana, 176; 

Nebraska, 176; Nevada, 176; New Hampshire, 176; 

New Jersey, 176–177; New Mexico, 177; New York, 

177–178; North Carolina, 178–179; North Dakota, 179; 

Ohio, 179–180; Oklahoma, 180; Oregon, 180; 

Pennsylvania, 180–181; Rhode Island, 181; South 

Carolina, 181; South Dakota, 181; Tennessee, 181–182; 

Texas, 182; Utah, 183; Vermont, 183; Virginia, 183; 

Washington, 183–184; West Virginia, 184; Wisconsin, 

184; Puerto Rico, 184

G

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives 

(GOCADAN), 58, 88, 92, 140

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies (GEMS), 88, 92–93, 

118, 124

H

Heart and vascular diseases (See also Disease statistics), 

cardiovascular diseases, 37–38

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program by funding mechanism, 70

Heart Failure: A Control Trial Investigating Outcomes of 

Exercise Training (HF-ACTION), 88, 93, 118, 121 

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial (HAT), 88, 93, 

118, 121

I

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network, 58, 

125, 126, 132

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial Metabolic 

Enhancement During Initial Assessment and Treatment in 

Emergency Care, 88, 93, 119, 121

Important events in NHLBI history, 27–36

Improved Therapy for Hemophilia and Hereditary Bleeding 

Disorders, 59

Individual National Research Service Awards (NRSA), 157–

160, 194
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Index

203

Interaction of Genes and Environment in Shaping Risk Factors 

for Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Disorders, 88, 94

Intervention To Improve Hypertension Control Rates in African 

Americans, 144

J

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), 60, 110, 112, 140

L

Lung diseases (See also Disease statistics), deaths and 

economic costs, 40, 42, 45, 47–50, 55

Lung Diseases Program, obligations by funding mechanism, 71

Lung Tissue Research Consortium, 110, 114

M

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository, 110, 

114

Mammalian Genotyping Service (MGS), 110, 112

Mechanical Circulatory Support for End-Stage Heart Failure: 

Interagency Registry, 61

Mechanisms of Fetal Hemoglobin Gene Silencing for 

Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease and Cooley's Anemia, 153

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award, 

81, 161, 162, 193

Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research Ethics, 61

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research, 

61, 161, 162

Minority Activities, 139–155

Minority K-12 Initiative for Teachers and Students (MKITS), 139

Molecular Screening Assay Development for Sickle Cell 

Disease, 61, 153

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) in Sickle Cell 

Anemia Adult Follow-up, 32, 35, 123, 126, 133–134, 154

Multidisciplinary Study of Right Ventricular Dysplasia, 88, 

94

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 110, 112–113, 

140, 141

Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Seeking Cure Through Discovery 

on Pathogenesis and Disease Progression, 59

N

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, 18; obligation by 

funding mechanism, 71

National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT), 34, 35, 123, 

126, 132

NHLBI Clinical Proteomics Programs, 60, 88, 94

NHLBI HBCU Research Scientist Award Extension, 59

NHLBI Minority Institutional Research Training Program, 59, 

158, 159, 160, 163, 194

O

Obligations by funding mechanism, FY 2005, 69–72

Obligations by program, FY 2005, 69–72

Obligations trends, FY 1995–2005,

budget category:

constant dollars, 74, 75

current dollars, 74, 75

budget history, 73

funding mechanism, 76

Institute-initiated awards and investigator-initiated awards, 

77–78

Obligations, extramural, by state and institution, FY 2005 (See 

Funding of grants, contracts, and training)

Overweight and Obesity Control at Worksites, 146

P

Partnership Programs To Reduce Cardiovascular Disparities, 

88, 94–95, 141–142

Pathogenesis of SARS Lung Disease: In Vitro Studies and 

Animal Models, 58

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research Network, 88, 95, 

124, 126, 128–129

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG), 

123, 126, 134, 154

Pediatric Circulatory Support, 110, 113

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 89, 100

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, 60, 88, 95

Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies 

(POUNDS LOST), 88, 95, 146

Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Obesity in Primary 

Care Settings, 61

Primordial Prevention of Overweight in American Indian 

Children, 88, 95–96, 146

Program Overview, 9–25

Program Project Grants (P01), 81

Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy, 59, 88, 96

Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology, 60, 88, 96

Programs of Genomic Applications (PGAs) for Heart, Lung, 

and Blood Diseases, 88, 96

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism DiagnosisIII (PIOPED III), 89, 100

Proteomics Initiative, 110, 113

Pulmonary Complications of Sickle Cell Disease, 60

Pulmonary diseases (See Lung Diseases)
NHLBI FY 2005 Fact Book

Index

204

R

Research Activity, types of, 191–195

Research and development contracts (See also individual 

programs and studies), 109–115

by program, FY 2005, 69–71

Institute-initiated clinical trials, 122–123, 126

Research Career Programs, 69–71, 192–193

awards, FY 1995–2005, 161

minority biomedical research, FY 1995–2005, 163

obligation trends, FY 1995–2005, 162

Research grants,

by category, FY 2005, 81

by funding mechanism, 81

clinical trials, 117–121

investigator-initiated and Institute-initiated, FY 1995–

2005, 77, 78, 85

obligation trends, FY 1995–2005, 82

Research project grants

amount funded, FY 1995–2005, 86

applications reviewed and awarded, FY 1995–2005, 84

average costs, FY 1995–2005, 87

by category, 81

by funding mechanism, 81

by program, 70–71

facility and administrative costs, 86

Research Training and Career Development (See also Research 

Career Programs),

full-time training positions, FY 1995–2005, 157–158, 160

history of training obligations, FY 1995–2005, 159

minority biomedical obligations, 163

research career programs: awards and obligations, FY 

1995–2005, 161–162

supplements program: awards and obligations, FY 1995–

2005, 163–164

Resuscitation Outcome Improvement Consortium, 88, 96–97

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS), 25, 110, 114

S

Salt Sensitivity Diagnostic Test, 61

School-Based Intervention To Prevent Obesity, 61

Sickle Cell Disease Health-Related Quality of Life 

Questionnaire, 110, 115, 155

Sleep Heart Health Study, 89, 102, 152

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities, 110, 115

Specialized Centers for Cell-Based Therapy (SCCT) for Heart, 

Lung, and Blood Diseases, 60, 107 

Specialized Centers of Clinical Research (SCCOR) in 

Cardiac Dysfunction and Disease, 58, 103, 104

Pediatric Heart Development and Disease, 103–104

Transfusion Biology and Medicine, 59, 103, 106

Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury, 103, 105

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) in

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis, 103, 

104–105

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma, 103, 105, 

149

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders, 103, 106

Molecular Genetics of Hypertension, 103, 104, 143

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis, 103, 104

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea, 103, 106, 152

Pathobiology of Fibrotic Lung Disease, 103, 105

Pathobiology of Lung Development, 103, 105

Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases, 103, 104

Transfusion Biology and Medicine, 103, 106

Translational Human Stem Cell Research, 103, 106

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS), 88, 

97, 118, 121, 149

Strong Heart Study, 30–31, 58, 88, 97, 140

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH), 88, 

97–98, 118, 121

T

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network, 

59, 89, 101, 125, 126, 134, 155

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network, 

89, 101, 125, 126, 134–135

Translational Behavioral Science Research Consortium, 110, 

113–114

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), 88, 98, 124, 

126, 129, 147

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy in Adults With 

Ejection Fraction Congestive Heart Failure (TOPCAT), 122, 

126, 129

Tuberculosis Curriculum Coordination Center, 110, 114

U

Understanding and Promoting Health Literacy, 61

W

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM), 88, 98, 118, 121, 146

Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), 18–20, 33, 35, 69, 70, 72, 74, 

75, 109, 123, 126 136–137, 155

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE), 88, 98, 118, 

121, 122