f

iii

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Contents

Contents

Figures ................................................................................................................................................. v

Tables ................................................................................................................................................ vii

1. Abbreviated Staff Directory.......................................................................................................... 1

2. Program Overview........................................................................................................................ 9

3. Important Events......................................................................................................................... 19

4. Disease Statistics......................................................................................................................... 31

5. Institute-Initiated Programs Starting in FY 2009........................................................................ 51

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees........................................................................................ 57

7. Fiscal Year 2009 Budget Overview ............................................................................................ 65

8. Long-Term Trends ...................................................................................................................... 69

9. Research Grants.......................................................................................................................... 77

10. Research and Development Contracts...................................................................................... 101

11. Clinical Trials............................................................................................................................ 111

12. Minority Activities.................................................................................................................... 135

13. Research Training and Career Development Programs............................................................ 153

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2009 ............................................................ 161

15. Activities Supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 .................... 183

Appendixes

Types of Research Activity ....................................................................................................... 191

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................ 197

Index ......................................................................................................................................... 201

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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Contents

Figures

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2006 ................................................................................................................ 33

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2006............................................................... 33

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 2006 ........................................................................................... 34

Deaths From Lung Diseases, U.S., 2006........................................................................................................... 34

Deaths From Blood Diseases, U.S., 2006 ......................................................................................................... 34

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2007.................................................................................. 35

Death Rates for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2007.............................................................................. 35

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2007 .................................................................................. 36

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2006................................................................ 36

Deaths Attributed to Heart Failure, U.S., 1970–2006....................................................................................... 37

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2006............. 38

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2006......................................... 38

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2006 ....................................................... 39

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead 

From Hospitals, U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2006 .................................................................................................. 39

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Men, Ages 35–74, in Selected Countries, 1970–2007 ................... 40

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Women, Ages 35–74, in Selected Countries, 1970–2007............... 40

Percent Change in Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Selected Causes by Race and Sex, U.S., 1999–2007 ............ 41

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2007 ............................................................................. 41

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2007 ........................................................................................ 42

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2006............................................ 42

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Including Asthma, in Men, 

Ages 35 and Older, in Selected Countries, 1980–2007 .................................................................................... 43

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Including Asthma, in Women, 

Ages 35 and Older, in Selected Countries, 1980–2007 .................................................................................... 43

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Race/Ethnicity 

and Sex, U.S., 1999–2006............................................................................................................................... 44

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 1990–2006 ............................................................................ 44

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults by Age and Sex, U.S., 2003–2006......................................... 45

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2006............................................... 46

Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2006........................ 46

Hypertensive Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Ages 18 and Older, U.S., 

1976–1980 to 2003–2006................................................................................................................................ 47

Adult Population With Hypertension by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex, U.S., 2003–2006 ................................ 47

Hospitalization Rates for Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 and 65 and Older, U.S., 1971–2006................................. 48

Persons Experiencing Asthma Episodes in Previous 12 Months by Age, U.S., 1997–2008 ............................... 48

Total Economic Costs, U.S., 2010 .................................................................................................................... 49

Economic Costs of Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2010...................................................... 49
vi

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Contents

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2009 Budget Overview

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category..................................................................................................65

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program.....................................................................................................65

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Division .....................................................................................................65

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 

Current Dollars...............................................................................................................................................70

Constant 1999 Dollars.....................................................................................................................................70

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1999–2009.......................................................72

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 1999–2009.....................................73

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 1999–2009....................................................................................................................................73

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 

Dollars ............................................................................................................................................................75

Percent of Total Extramural Budget................................................................................................................76

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category......................................................................................................78

NHLBI Research Project Grants, Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1999–2009....................................................................................................................................78

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 

Number Reviewed and Awarded .....................................................................................................................79

Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate)...............................................................................79

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009....................80

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1999–2009........................................................82

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009.......................................101

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 ............................153

NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 1999–2009.......................................................................153

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 ..............................................................................................159

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2009

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2009.......................................................................161
vii

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Contents

Tables

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Programs Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute............................................................10

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1986 and 2006 .........................................................................................................................................33

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2006 ....................................................34

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, 

U.S., 1963, 1987, and 2007...............................................................................................................................37

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2006..............................................42

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2006.............................................................45

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2010 .................................................49

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2009 Budget Overview

NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2009 ........................................................................65

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2009 ........................................................................66

NHLBI Cardiovascular Diseases Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2009 ...................................................................................66

NHLBI Prevention and Population Sciences Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2009 ...................................................................................66

NHLBI Lung Diseases Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2009 ...................................................................................67

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2009 ...................................................................................67

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2009 ...................................................................................69

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 

Current Dollars...............................................................................................................................................71

Constant 1999 Dollars.....................................................................................................................................71

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1999–2009.......................................................72

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 1999–2009..................................................................................................72

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 

Dollars ............................................................................................................................................................74

Percent of Total Extramural Budget................................................................................................................74

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 

Dollars ............................................................................................................................................................75

Percent of Total Extramural Budget................................................................................................................76
viii

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Contents

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2009 ...............................................................77

NHLBI Research Project Grants, Research Centers Grants, and Other Research 

Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 ....................................................................................................78

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 

Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded.....................................................................................79

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009....................80

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 1999–2009 ......................81

Facility and Administrative (F&A) Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 ..........81

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1999–2009........................................................82

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10) Programs....................................................................................83

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research (P50).................................................................................96

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009..............................101

Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program..................................................................102

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1999–2009............................................................111

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2009: Summary by Program ..................................116

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 

Contracts.......................................................................................................................................................118

Cooperative Agreements ...............................................................................................................................120

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2009: Summary by Program 

Contracts.......................................................................................................................................................122

Cooperative Agreements ...............................................................................................................................122

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2009......................154

History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 .............................................................155

Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 1999–2009..................................................................156

NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 ..........................................................................157

NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009.........................................................158

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research 

Supplements Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 .........................................................................159

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1999–2009..........................................160

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 ......................160

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2009

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2009....................................................162

Chapter 15. Activities Supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

NHLBI ARRA-Supported Activities Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009 .................................................................187
1

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

1. Abbreviated Staff Directory*

Office of the Director Bldg. Room Phone MSC** †

Director, Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D. ............................................... 31 5A48 496–5166 2486

Deputy Director, Susan B. Shurin, M.D................................... 31 5A48 496–1078 2486

Chief of Staff, Sheila Pohl......................................................... 31 5A48 594–5355 2486

Acting Associate Director for Administrative Management,

Timothy J. Wheeles............................................................. 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Administrative Officer, Rebecca Ellett-Tener..................... 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Associate Director for Basic Research, 

Alan M. Michelson, M.D., Ph.D......................................... 31 5A48 594–5353 2490

Associate Director for Biomedical Informatics, 

Stephan P. Bour, Ph.D......................................................... RKL1‡ 6100 435–0119 7994

Associate Director for Minority Health, 

Helena O. Mishoe, Ph.D., M.P.H........................................ RKL2§ 9093C 451–5081 7913

Acting Associate Director for Prevention, Education, 

and Control, Rob Fulwood, Ph.D., M.S.P.H....................... 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Associate Director for Scientific Program Operation, 

Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. ................................................ 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Deputy Ethics Counselor, Nancy O’Hanlon, J.D. .................... 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Office of Communications and Legislative Activities 

Acting Director, Susan B. Shurin, M.D. ............................. 31 5A48 496–1078 2486

Senior Advisor to the Director for Genome Research, 

Christopher J. O’Donnell, M.D., M.P.H. .......................... 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2

Framingham, MA 01702–5827

508–935–3435

Center for Population Studies

Director, Daniel Levy, M.D. ................................................ 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2

Framingham, MA 01702–5827

508–935–3458

Associate Director, 

Christopher J. O’Donnell, M.D., M.P.H...................... 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2

Framingham, MA 01702–5827

508–935–3435

Center for Biomedical Informatics

Director, Stephan P. Bour, Ph.D.......................................... RKL1 6100 435–0119 7994

Administrative Officer, Kathleen D. Rechen................. RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Applications Development and Support Branch

Acting Chief, Zeyad Mobassaleh................................... RKL1 6104 435–0119 7994

Information Technology Resources Branch

Chief, Christopher E. Olaes.......................................... RKL1 6212 435–0119 7994

* Current as of September 30, 2009. For locating personnel not listed, the general information number is 301–496–4000. All listed 

phone numbers are in area code 301. The Personnel Directory, which is periodically updated throughout the year, is located on the 

NHLBI Home Page under About NHLBI. ** MSC—Mail Stop Code.

† Full mailing address formats are located at the end of this chapter. ‡ RKL1—Rockledge I Building.

§ RKL2—Rockledge II Building.
2

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Office of the Director (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Planning, Architecture, Communication and 

Evaluation Branch 

Acting Chief, Christopher E. Olaes ....................................... RKL1 6212 435–0119 7994

Ethics Office

Director, Nancy O’Hanlon, J.D.................................................... 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Lead Ethics Specialist, Kim Y. Brinson........................................ 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Ethics Coordinator, Hedy S. Tam.................................................. 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Office of Administrative Management

Acting Director/Acting Executive Officer, 

Timothy J. Wheeles ................................................................ 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Acting Deputy Executive Officer, Alesha M. Holliday................ 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Administrative Officer, Rebecca Ellett-Tener ........................ 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Freedom of Information and Privacy Act Branch

Director, Suzanne A. Freeman................................................ RKL1 6070 496–9737 7957

Management Policy and Administrative Services Branch

Chief, Marilyn G. Jackson ..................................................... 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Financial Management Branch

Chief, Sandra L. Gault ........................................................... 31 5A34 496–4653 2490

Extramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Loretta L. Usilton......................................................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Office of Workforce Management

Director, Gwen G. Platt........................................................... RKL1 6070 496–1763 7957

Office of Research Training and Minority Health

Director, Helena O. Mishoe, Ph.D., M.P.H. ................................ RKL2 9093C 451–5081 7913

Deputy Director, Chitra Krishnamurti, Ph.D............................. RKL2 9093C 451–5081 7913

Administrative Officer, Roy Rich ............................................ RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Office of Science and Technology

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M........................................... 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Deputy Director, Barbara Marzetta, M.S. .................................. 31 5A07 496–9899 2482

Administrative Officer, Rebecca Ellett-Tener ........................ 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Program Studies and Reports Program

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. .................................... 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Science and Special Issues Program

Director, Barbara Marzetta, M.S........................................... 31 5A07 496–9899 2482

Office of Public Liaison

Coordinator, Hilary S. Leeds, J.D........................................... 31 5A07 594–9869 2482

Office of Technology Transfer and Development

Director, Alan H. Deutch ........................................................ RKL1 6018 402–5579 7992

Administrative Officer, Terri B. Pike................................. RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Division of Cardiovascular Diseases

Office of the Director

Acting Director, Sonia I. Skarlatos, Ph.D.................................... RKL2 8124 435–0466 7940

Acting Deputy Director, David J. Gordon, M.D., Ph.D.............. RKL2 8132 435–0466 7940

Administrative Officer, Lisa A. Freeny ................................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Special Assistant for Clinical Studies,

David J. Gordon, M.D., Ph.D. ............................................... RKL2 8134 435–0466 7940

Office of Research Training and Career Development

Director, Jane Scott, Sc.D., M.S.N.......................................... RKL2 8138 435–0535 7940
3

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch

Chief, Denis B. Buxton, Ph.D. ................................................ RKL2 8216 435–0504 7940

Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease Branch

Chief, Michael J. Domanski, M.D.......................................... RKL2 8146 435–0550 7940

Heart Development and Structural Diseases Branch

Chief, Gail D. Pearson, M.D., Sc.D........................................ RKL2 8104 435–0510 7940

Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch

Chief, Alice M. Mascette, M.D............................................... RKL2 8170 435–0504 7940

Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch

Acting Chief, Eser E. Tolunay, Ph.D...................................... RKL2 8120 435–0560 7940

Division of Lung Diseases

Office of the Director

Director, James P. Kiley, Ph.D. .................................................... RKL2 10042 435–0233 7952

Deputy Director, Gail G. Weinmann, M.D.................................. RKL2 10042 435–0233 7952

Administrative Officer, Amy W. Sheetz .................................. RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Research Training Programs

Leader, Sandra Colombini Hatch, M.D................................. RLK2 10042 435–0222 7952

Leader, Ann E. Rothgeb.......................................................... RLK2 10042 435–0202 7952

Airway Biology and Disease Branch

Chief, Thomas L. Croxton, M.D., Ph.D. ............................... RKL2 10042 435–0202 7952

Lung Biology and Disease Branch

Chief, Dorothy B. Gail, Ph.D.................................................. RKL2 10042 435–0222 7952

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Director, Michael J. Twery, Ph.D. .......................................... RKL2 10042 435–0199 7952

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

Office of the Director

Director, W. Keith Hoots, M.D..................................................... RKL2 9136 435–0080 7950

Acting Deputy Director, George J. Nemo, Ph.D.......................... RKL2 9144 435–0080 7950

Administrative Officer, Amy W. Sheetz .................................. RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Senior Program Analyst, Susan E. Pucie...................................... RKL2 9138 435–0080 7950

Research Training Programs

Leader, Traci H. Mondoro, Ph.D............................................ RKL2 9140 435–0065 7950

Leader, Rita Sarkar, Ph.D....................................................... RKL2 9161 435–0070 7950

Leader, Ellen M. Werner, Ph.D. ............................................. RKL2 9162 435–0050 7950

Leader, Henry Chang, M.D. ................................................... RKL2 9176 435–0080 7950

Blood Diseases Branch

Chief, Harvey S. Luksenburg, M.D....................................... RKL2 9160 435–0050 7950

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch

Acting Chief, Rebecca P. Link, Ph.D. .................................... RKL2 9168 435–0070 7950

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics Branch

Chief, Simone A. Glynn, M.D................................................. RKL2 9142 435–0065 7950

Division of Prevention and Population Sciences

Office of the Director

Director, Michael S. Lauer, M.D.................................................. RKL2 10018 435–0422 7936

Deputy Director, Diane E. Bild, M.D., M.P.H. ............................ RKL2 10018 435–0422 7936
4

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Division of Prevention and Population Sciences (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

 Senior Scientific Advisor, 

Denise Simons-Morton, M.D., Ph.D...................................... RKL2 10018 435–0384 7936

Administrative Officer, Lisa A. Freeny ................................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Office of Biostatistics Research

Director, Nancy L. Geller, Ph.D.............................................. RLK2 9202 435–0434 7913

Deputy Director, Myron A. Waclawiw, Ph.D. ........................ RLK2 9216 435–0434 7913

Research Training Programs

Leader, Charlotte A. Pratt, Ph.D............................................ RLK2 10018 435–0382 7936

Leader, Lorraine M. Silsbee ................................................... RLK2 10018 435–0709 7936

Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch

Chief, Lawrence J. Fine, M.D. ............................................... RKL2 10018 435–0305 7936

Deputy Chief, Peter G. Kaufmann, Ph.D. ............................. RKL2 10018 435–2467 7936

Epidemiology Branch

Chief, Paul D. Sorlie, Ph.D. .................................................... RKL2 10018 435–0707 7936

Deputy Chief, Jean L. Olson, M.D., M.P.H. .......................... RKL2 10018 435–0707 7936

Deputy Chief, Richard R. Fabsitz, Ph.D................................ RKL2 10018 435–0707 7936

Scientific Advisor, Phyliss D. Sholinsky, M.S.P.H................. RKL2 10018 435–0707 7936

Women’s Health Initiative Branch

Director, Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D......................................... 31 5A48 496–5166 2486

Chief, Jacques E. Rossouw, Ph.D........................................... RKL2 9192 402–2900 7936

Deputy Chief, Shari E. Ludlam, M.P.H................................. RKL2 9188 402–2900 7936

Division for the Application of Research Discoveries

Acting Director, Rob Fulwood, Ph.D., M.S.P.H. .............................. 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Administrative Officer, Rebecca Ellett-Tener.............................. 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Program Operations

Senior Manager, Nancy J. Poole, M.B.A...................................... 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Branch

Acting Chief, Karen Donato, S.M................................................ 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

Research Translation Branch

Acting Chief, Rob Fulwood, Ph.D., M.S.P.H. ............................. 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Division of Extramural Research Activities

Office of the Director

Director, Stephen C. Mockrin, Ph.D. .......................................... RKL2 7100 435–0260 7922

Deputy Director, Jodi Black, Ph.D............................................... RKL2 7104 435–0260 7922

Administrative Officer, Veronica M. VanWagner.................. RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Chief of Staff, Janet George......................................................... RKL2 7220 435–0260 7922

Office of Acquisitions

Director, John C. Taylor.......................................................... RKL2 6100 435–0330 7902

Deputy Director, Christopher J. Belt...................................... RKL2 6106 435–6672 7902

Special Assistant to the Director,

Debra C. Hawkins............................................................. RKL2 6224 435–0330 7902

Blood Diseases and Resources Contracts Branch

Chief, Joanna Magginas.................................................... RKL2 6136 435–0360 7902

Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases Contracts Branch

Chief, Pamela S. Lew......................................................... RKL2 6016 435–0340 7902
5

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Division of Extramural Research Activities (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Prevention and Population Sciences Contracts Branch

Chief, Paul D. McFarlane ................................................. RKL2 6126 435–0350 7902

Procurement Branch

Acting Chief, Christopher J. Belt ..................................... RKL2 6106 435–6672 7902

Office of Committee Management

Director, Kathryn M. Valeda.................................................. RKL2 7110 435–0255 7922

Deputy Director, David Alperin .............................................. RLK2 7118 435–0255 7922

Office of Extramural Policy and Review

Director, Paul A. Velletri, Ph.D............................................... RKL2 7218 435–0569 7922

Review Branch

Chief, Valerie L. Prenger, Ph.D. ....................................... RKL2 7214 435–0270 7924

Office of Grants Management

Director, Suzanne A. White..................................................... RKL2 7160 435–0166 7926

Deputy Director, Raymond L. Zimmerman .......................... RKL2 7130 435–0166 7926

Blood Diseases and Resources Branch

Chief, Robert Vinson, Jr.................................................... RKL2 7156 435–0166 7926

Cardiovascular Diseases Branch

Chief, Ryan C. Lombardi.................................................. RKL2 7154 435–0166 7926

Lung Diseases Branch

Acting Chief, Raymond L. Zimmerman.......................... RKL2 7130 435–0166 7926

Prevention and Population Sciences Branch

Chief, Teresa F. Marquette................................................ RKL2 7128 435–0166 7926

Office of Strategic and Innovative Programs

Director, Robert A. Musson, Ph.D. ........................................ RKL2 7106 435–0261 7922

Deputy Director, Rachel Permuth-Levine ............................. RKL2 7210 435–0260 7922

Division of Intramural Research

Office of the Director

Scientific Director, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D. ............................. 10CRC* 4-1581 496–2116 1458

Intramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Gary Unger ............................................................. 10 7N214 451–0892 1686

Animal Program

Director, James Hawkins, D.V.M. .......................................... 14E 105A 451–6743 5570

Office of Education

Director, Herbert M. Geller, Ph.D.......................................... 10 2N242 451–9440 1754

Office of the Clinical Director

Director, Richard O. Cannon III, M.D.................................. 10CRC 5-3330 496–9895 1454

Cardiothoracic Surgery

Director, Keith A. Horvath, M.D. ..................................... 10 2N246 451–7098 1454

Office of Clinical Affairs

Associate Director, Melissa B. Bryant, M.S........................... 10CRC 6-5140 594–8378 1608

Hematology Branch

Chief, Neal S. Young, M.D...................................................... 10CRC 3-5140 496–5093 1202

Flow Cytometry Core (FACS) 

Head, J. Philip McCoy, Ph.D. ........................................... 10 8C104 451–8824 1357

* 10CRC──Building 10 Clinical Research Center.
6

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Division of Intramural Research (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC 

Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine Branch

Acting Chief, Stewart J. Levine, M.D.................................... 10 6D16 435–2345 1590

Genomics Core

Head, Nalini Raghavachari, Ph.D. ................................... 10 8C103B 435–2304 1357

Translational Medicine Branch

Chief, Toren Finkel, M.D., Ph.D. ........................................... 10CRC 5-3330 402–4081 1454

Deputy Chief, Joel Moss, M.D., Ph.D..................................... 10 6D03 496–1597 1590

Animal MRI/Imaging Core

Head, Stasia Anderson, Ph.D. ........................................... 10 2N240 402–0908 1518

Biochemistry and Biophysics Center

Director, Nico Tjandra, Ph.D.................................................. 50 3503 402–3029 8012

Cell Biology and Physiology Center

Director, Clare Waterman, Ph.D............................................ 50 4535 435–2949 8019

Light Microscopy Core

Head, Christian Combs, Ph.D. ......................................... 10 6N309 496–3236 1623

Proteomics Core

Head, Marjan Gucek, Ph.D............................................... 10 8C103C 594–1060 1774

Genetics and Development Biology Center

Director, Alan M. Michelson, M.D., Ph.D. ............................ 31 5A48 594–5353 2490

Electron Microscopy Core

Head, Mathew Daniels, Ph.D. ........................................... 14E 111B 496–2898 5570

Transgenic Core

Head, Chengyu Liu, Ph.D. ................................................ 50 3305 435–5034 8018

Immunology Center

Director, Warren Leonard, M.D....................................... 10 7B05 496–0098 1674
7

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Building 10 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 10, Room ____

10 Center Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

Building 50 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 50, Room ____

50 South Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

Building 14E Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 14E, Room ____

14 Service Road West MSC*

____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

Rockledge I Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

One Rockledge Center, Room ____

6705 Rockledge Drive MSC*

 ____

Bethesda, MD 20817–MSC**

Building 31 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 31, Room ____

31 Center Drive MSC*____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

Rockledge II Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Two Rockledge Center, Room ____

6701 Rockledge Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20817–MSC**

* Retain the letters MSC before adding the mail stop code number. ** Replace the letters MSC with the mail stop code number.

NIH Mailing Address Formats

NHLBI staff e-mail addresses can be found by using the NIH Directory and E-mail Forwarding Service located 

on the Internet at http://directory.nih.gov.

Please use the following formats for NIH mailing addresses:

9

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

2. Program Overview

The National Heart Institute (NHI) was established in 1948 through the National Heart Act with a 

mission to support research and training in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular 

diseases (CVD). Twenty-four years later—through 

section 413 of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, 

Lung, and Blood Act (P.L. 92-423)—Congress mandated the Institute to expand and coordinate its activities in an accelerated attack against heart, blood 

vessel, lung, and blood diseases. The renamed 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) 

expanded its scientific areas of interest and intensified its efforts related to research on diseases within 

its purview. Over the years, the Institute's areas of 

interest have grown to encompass genetic, genomic, 

and proteomic research; systems biology; sleep disorders; and the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).

The NHLBI provides global leadership for a 

research, training, and education program to promote 

the prevention and treatment of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and enhance the health of all individuals so that they can live longer and more fulfilling 

lives.

The NHLBI stimulates basic discoveries about the 

causes of disease, enables the translation of basic 

discoveries into clinical practice, fosters training and 

mentoring of emerging scientists and physicians, and 

communicates research advances to the public. It 

creates and supports a robust, collaborative research 

infrastructure in partnership with private and public 

organizations, including academic institutions, industry, and other government agencies. The Institute 

collaborates with patients, families, health care professionals, scientists, professional societies, patient 

advocacy groups, community organizations, and the 

media to promote the application of research results 

and leverage resources to address the health needs of 

the public. The NHLBI also collaborates with international organizations to help reduce the burden of 

heart, lung, and blood diseases worldwide.

Each year, the NHLBI assesses progress in the 

scientific areas for which it is responsible and 

updates its goals and objectives. As new opportunities are identified, the Institute expands and revises 

its areas of interest. Throughout the process, the 

approach used by the Institute is an orderly sequence 

of research activities that includes:

• Acquisition of knowledge

• Evaluation of knowledge

• Application of knowledge

• Dissemination of knowledge

NHLBI Programs

The programs of the NHLBI, as shown in the following table, are implemented through five extramural units:

• Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (DCVD)

• Division of Lung Diseases (DLD)

• Division of Blood Diseases and Resources 

(DBDR) 

• Division of Prevention and Population Sciences 

(DPPS)

• Division for the Application of Research 

Discoveries (DARD)

and one intramural unit: 

• Division of Intramural Research (DIR)

The extramural divisions use a variety of funding 

mechanisms, such as individual research project 

grants, cooperative agreements, program project 

grants, Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) 

grants, Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

grants, Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented 

Research (SCCOR) grants, comprehensive center 

grants, contracts, and research training and career 

development programs.

Descriptions of the Divisions follow.
10

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Programs Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Cardiovascular Diseases 

Advanced Technologies and Surgery

Diagnostics Development

Emerging Therapeutics

Enabling Technologies

Surgery Advances 

Atherothrombosis and Coronary 

Artery Disease

Acute and Chronic Coronary 

Syndromes

Acute and Silent Ischemia

Angina

Atherothrombosis

Coronary Artery Disease

Myocardial Infarction

Revascularization

Heart Developmental and 

Structural Disease

Adult Congenital Disease

Cardiac Immunology and Infection

Cardiovascular Development

Heart Transplantation

Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease

Valvular Heart Disease

Heart Failure and Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias

Heart Failure

Myocardial Protection

Resuscitation

Sudden Cardiac Death

Vascular Biology and Hypertension

Aneurysms 

Cerebrovascular Disease

Hypertension

Lymphatic Diseases

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Renal Vascular Disease

Vascular Biology 

Vascular Development and 

Angiogenesis

Lung Diseases

Airway Biology and Disease

Asthma

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary 

Disease (COPD) and 

Environmental Lung Diseases

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Genetics, Genomics, and 

Biotechnology

Lung Diseases (continued)

Lung Biology and Disease

Acquired Immunodeficiency 

Syndrome (AIDS) and Tuberculosis 

(TB)

Critical Care and Acute Lung Injury

Developmental Biology and Pediatric 

Lung Disease

Immunology and Fibrosis

Lung Cell and Vascular Biology

National Center on Sleep Disorders 

Research

Sleep Disorders and Related 

Conditions

Ventilatory Control

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood Diseases

Anemias

Erythropoiesis

Malaria

Red Cells

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)

Thalassemia

Thrombosis and Hemostasis

Hematologic Immune Disorders 

Hemophilia and Other Bleeding 

Disorders

Hemostasis

Immunity and Inflammation

Thrombosis

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular 

Therapeutics 

Hematopoietic Stem Cell 

Transplantation

Immune Deficiencies, Reconstitution, 

Response, and Tolerance

Myelodysplasia, Marrow Failure, and 

Myeloproliferative Disorders 

Novel Cellular Therapies for Repair 

and Regeneration 

Stem Cell Biology 

Transfusion Medicine Use, Safety, 

and Availability of Blood and 

Blood Components

Prevention and Population 

Sciences

Clinical Applications and 

Prevention 

Behavioral Medicine

Prevention of Cardiovascular 

Disorders

Obesity Health Outcomes 

Epidemiology 

Analytical Resources

Field Studies and Clinical 

Epidemiology

Genetic Epidemiology

Women’s Health Initiative 

Hormone Therapy Trial

Dietary Modification Trial

Calcium and Vitamin D Trial

Observational Study 

Memory Study

Application of Research 

Discoveries

Research Translation Branch 

Research Translation

Research Opportunities Identification

Clinical Guidelines

Clinical Support and Implementation 

Applications

Knowledge Exchange Networks

Enhanced Dissemination and 

Utilization Branch 

Research Dissemination

Research Utilization

Data Analysis and Evaluation

Intramural Research 

Clinical Research 

Cardiothoracic Surgery 

Hematology 

Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine

Translational Medicine

Laboratory Research 

Biochemistry and Biophysics 

Cell Biology and Physiology

Genetics and Development Biology

Immunology
11

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Division of Cardiovascular Diseases

The DCVD supports research on the causes, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CVD through an integrated program of basic and clinical research, including 

translational research, networks, and multicenter clinical 

trials. Research funded by the Division is allocated 

among investigator- and Institute-initiated grants and 

contracts in disease areas such as atherothrombosis, 

coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and 

ischemia, heart failure, arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death, 

adult and pediatric congenital heart disease, cardiovascular complications of diabetes and obesity, and hypertension. The DCVD fosters biotechnological research in 

genomics, proteomics, nanotechnology, imaging, device 

development, cell- and tissue-based therapeutics, gene 

therapy, and the development of advanced technologies, 

including technologies for surgery. SCCORs support 

clinical collaborative research in cardiac dysfunction and 

disease; pediatric heart development and disease; and 

vascular injury, repair, and remodeling.

The Division is organized into the five Branches and 

one Office described below.

Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch

The Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch supports integrated basic and clinical research to develop 

technologies for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment 

of CVD. Research on diagnostics focuses on proteomic, 

genomic, and other biomarker technologies and on 

imaging modalities and agents. Therapeutics research 

focuses on tissue-, cell-, and gene-based therapies; 

regenerative and reparative medicine; image-guided 

therapies; and cardiac and circulatory support and repair 

devices. Research related to surgery addresses improved 

surgical and image-guided therapies and the translation 

of cardiovascular surgical advances into clinical practice. 

Enabling technologies research includes bioinformatics, 

computational and systems biology, bioengineering, 

nanotechnology, materials research, and personalized 

medicine.

Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease 

Branch

The Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease 

Branch supports integrated basic and clinical research on 

the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and 

treatment of coronary artery disease and atherothrombosis. Research on coronary artery disease focuses on 

acute and chronic coronary syndromes, including myocardial infarction; acute ischemia, angina, and silent ischemia; and percutaneous and surgical revascularization of 

stenotic and restenotic coronary lesions. Atherothrombosis research investigates atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries and other arterial beds; lipid fractions and 

interactions with the arterial wall; lesion instability, vulnerable plaques, and thrombosis; and biomarker and 

imaging diagnostics to quantify plaque and atherosclerosis progression. Atherothrombosis research also includes 

studies of diet, exercise, diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic conditions related to atherothrombosis.

Heart Development and Structural Diseases Branch

The Heart Development and Structural Diseases 

Branch supports integrated basic and clinical research on 

normal and abnormal cardiovascular development and 

the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and 

treatment of pediatric and adult structural heart disease. 

Research areas in heart development include normal and 

abnormal development, molecular and genetic etiology 

of cardiovascular malformations, cardiomyogenic differentiation of stem cells, and gene–environment interactions in the development of congenital heart disease. 

Structural disease research includes the investigation of 

congenital heart disease, from embryology through adulthood, and the associated exercise physiology and neurodevelopmental outcomes; valve disease; pediatric 

cardiomyopathy and heart transplantation; and pediatric 

cardiac inflammation and infection.

Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch

The Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch supports 

integrated basic and clinical research on normal and 

abnormal cardiac function to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of heart failure and arrhythmias 

and to protect the myocardium and manage resuscitation. 

Heart failure research addresses the pathogenesis and 

treatment of heart failure and cardiomyopathies, including the use of devices, medical treatments, and cell-based 

therapies. Arrhythmias research investigates the etiology 

of rare and common arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, 

and arrhythmogenesis and explores the genetic and environmental bases of normal cardiac electrical activity. 

Myocardium protection research focuses on stunning and 

hibernation, ischemic/reperfusion injury, and preconditioning. Resuscitation research includes the study of 

whole-body oxygen deprivation; organ preservation; and 

cell, tissue, and organ protection during cardiac arrest 

and traumatic shock.
12

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch

The Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch supports integrated basic and clinical research on the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment 

of hypertension and vascular diseases. Vascular biology 

focuses on the biology of the vascular wall and its role in 

hypertension; cerebrovascular, renal, lymphatic, aneurysmal, and peripheral vascular disease; the development of 

arteries, veins, lymphatics, and microcirculation; and 

angiogenesis. Hypertension research includes the study 

of blood pressure regulation—including central, renal, 

and vascular control—and cerebrovascular disease 

resulting from high blood pressure.

Office of Research Training and Career Development

The Office of Research Training and Career 

Development provides opportunities for people at a variety of educational levels, from high school students to 

academic faculty, to pursue and build careers in cardiovascular research. It collaborates with the scientific community and professional organizations to ensure that its 

programs meet the needs of young scientists from diverse 

backgrounds. Activities include institutional and individual research training programs and fellowships, diversity 

supplements to provide mentored experiences with established research scientists, the Pathway to Independence 

Program that allows recipients to bridge the gap between 

a career development award and a research award, and 

career development programs designed for clinical 

research.

Division of Lung Diseases

The DLD supports research on the causes, diagnosis, 

treatment, and prevention of lung diseases and sleep disorders. Research is funded through investigator- and 

Institute-initiated grants and contracts in disease areas 

such as asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, COPD, 

CF, sleep-disordered breathing, critical care and acute 

lung injury, developmental biology and pediatric pulmonary diseases, immunologic and fibrotic pulmonary disease, rare lung disorders, pulmonary vascular disease, 

and pulmonary complications of AIDS and tuberculosis. 

SCCORs support collaborative studies on COPD, pulmonary vascular disease, and host factors in chronic lung 

diseases.

The Division also supports demonstration and dissemination projects to transfer basic research and clinical 

findings to health care professionals and patients, and 

training and career development programs for individuals 

interested in furthering their professional abilities in lung 

diseases research. The DLD, through the National 

Center on Sleep Disorders Research, coordinates sleep 

research activities across the NIH, other Federal 

Agencies, and outside organizations.

The Division is organized into the three Branches 

described below.

Airway Biology and Disease Branch

The Airway Biology and Disease Branch supports 

basic and clinical research and research training in 

asthma, COPD, CF, and airway function in health and 

disease. The Branch supports innovative genetics, 

genomics, and biotechnology programs to advance discovery of lung disease risk factors, mechanisms, and 

treatment. It also funds applied studies to develop new 

methods of lung imaging. Additionally, the Branch 

focuses on health education research and demonstration 

and education projects for the management of asthma 

and COPD.

Asthma research investigates the origins, pathogenesis, and management of asthma, including the role of 

immunologic and nonimmunologic events and inflammation in its pathogenesis; the genetics of asthma and atopy; 

airway remodeling and repair in asthma; the mechanisms 

of severe asthma; and the regulation of mucous hypersecretion and mucous cell metaplasia.

Research on COPD and other diseases of the lung 

related to smoking or environmental exposures explores 

pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development 

and progression of COPD, emphysema, and lung disease 

associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; genetic 

determinants of lung disease; management of COPD; and 

properties and health effects of air pollution.

Research on CF focuses on the function of the CF 

transmembrane conductance regulator and its role in lung 

disease. Areas of interest include airway epithelial ion 

transport, airway surface liquids, animal and cellular 

models for CF, signaling pathways in airway cells, regulation of mucin expression and secretion, development 

and clinical testing of treatments, and mechanisms underlying the infectious and inflammatory aspects of CF lung 

disease.
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Lung Biology and Disease Branch

The Lung Biology and Disease Branch supports basic, 

translational, and clinical research and research training 

programs in pulmonary conditions associated with 

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, tuberculosis, acute lung injury and critical care medicine, lung 

development and pediatric lung diseases, lung immunobiology and interstitial lung diseases, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and lung cell and vascular biology. In addition, 

it supports the development of tuberculosis curricula for 

medical schools.

AIDS and tuberculosis research focuses on the course 

of pulmonary manifestations of HIV infection and tuberculosis. Emphasis is on identifying lung complications 

associated with HIV infection and characterizing the lung 

microbiome in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected 

individuals.

Research on acute lung injury and critical care medicine explores the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention 

of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The Branch supports development of 

new diagnostic tools for detection of acute lung injury 

and development of an artificial lung and oversees clinical studies of therapies for ARDS, including the ARDS 

Network.

Research in developmental biology and pediatric pulmonary diseases investigates the regulation of lung 

development, growth, and repair and focuses on pediatric 

pulmonary diseases in infants and children, including 

bronchopulmonary dysplasia and persistent pulmonary 

hypertension of the newborn. Research also focuses on 

identification of lung progenitor stem cells and exploration of lung cell-based therapy.

Research on immunology and fibrosis includes studies 

of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, occupational and environmental lung diseases, and the role of 

immune response and inflammation in these diseases. 

The Branch also supports research on lung immunobiology, lung transplantation, and pathogenesis of 

lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Lung cell and vascular biology research investigates 

lung cell biology and function and pulmonary vascular 

disease, including pulmonary arterial hypertension and 

pulmonary embolism diagnosis. Research focuses on 

pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells, vascular endothelial 

cells, and the lung surfactant system. The Branch also 

performs research on the regulation of barrier function of 

pulmonary endothelial cells and regulation of lung 

permeability.

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

The National Center on Sleep Disorders Research 

(NCSDR) supports research, health education, and 

research training related to sleep-disordered breathing 

and the fundamental function of sleep and circadian 

rhythms. Specific areas of interest include neurobiology 

of ventilatory control, respiratory rhythmogenesis, 

chemosensitivity, basic neurobiology of sleep–wake 

regulation, circadian-coupled cellular function, and 

effects of sleep deprivation. The NCSDR also stewards 

several forums, including the Sleep Disorders Research 

Advisory Board and the Trans-NIH Sleep Research 

Coordinating Committee, that facilitate the coordination 

of sleep research across the NIH and with other Federal 

Agencies and outside organizations. The Center participates in translation of new sleep research findings for 

dissemination to health care professionals and the public.

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

The DBDR supports research on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nonmalignant blood 

diseases, including anemias, SCD, and thalassemia; 

premalignant processes such as myelodysplasia and 

myeloproliferative disorders; hemophilia and other 

abnormalities of hemostasis and thrombosis; and immune 

dysfunction. Funding encompasses a broad spectrum of 

research ranging from basic biology to medical management of blood diseases. SCCORs and other specialized 

centers support collaborative research in hemostatic and 

thrombotic diseases, transfusion biology and medicine, 

SCD, and cell-based therapy for blood diseases. The 

Division also has a major responsibility to improve the 

adequacy and safety of the Nation's blood supply. It has 

a leading role in applying scientific advances in transfusion medicine and stem cell biology to the development of new cell-based therapies to repair and regenerate 

human tissues and organs.

The Division is organized into the three Branches 

described below.

Blood Diseases Branch

The Blood Diseases Branch supports research and 

research training in blood diseases, including SCD, 
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

thalassemia, Fanconi anemia, Diamond-Blackfan 

anemia, and other aplastic anemias and malaria. Additionally, it supports outcomes-related research. Research 

in SCD and thalassemia focuses on elucidating the etiology and pathophysiology of the diseases and improving 

disease treatment and management. Areas of emphasis 

include genetics, regulation of hemoglobin synthesis, 

iron chelation, development of drugs to increase fetal 

hemoglobin production, hematopoietic transplantation, 

and gene therapy. Basic and translational red cell 

research are also areas of interest.

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch

The Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch supports 

research and research training in hemostasis, thrombosis, 

and endothelial cell biology, including basic research, 

clinical studies, and technology development. Areas of 

interest include hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, and 

immune disorders such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic 

purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and 

systemic lupus erythematosus. Research on bleeding 

disorders focuses on identifying effective treatments. 

Emerging areas of interest are gene transfer; clinical 

proteomics; inflammation and thrombosis; stroke; 

coagulation activation; autoimmune disease; and 

thrombotic complications of obesity, diabetes, and 

cancer.

The Branch also supports research on the pathogenesis 

of arterial and venous thrombosis to improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of thrombosis in heart 

attack, stroke, and peripheral vascular diseases. A major 

goal is to find additional platelet inhibitors, anticoagulants, and fibrinolytic agents to treat thrombotic and 

thromboembolic disorders with better specificity and 

fewer side effects than those currently used for treatment.

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics 

Branch

The Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics 

Branch supports research and research training in transfusion medicine, stem cell biology and disease, hematopoiesis, clinical cellular medicine, and blood supply 

adequacy and safety. Research focuses on the use, safety, 

and availability of blood and blood components for transfusion and cellular therapies. Research areas include 

transmission of disease, noninfectious complications of 

transfusions, immunobiology, cell biology and disease, 

novel cell-based therapies, hematopoietic stem cell 

transplantation, and overall product availability. The 

Branch develops programs for basic and clinical research 

related to normal and abnormal cellular biology and 

pathology. It also collaborates with governmental, private sector, and international organizations to improve 

the safety and availability of the global supply of blood 

and blood components.

Division of Prevention and Population Sciences

The DPPS supports and provides leadership for population- and clinic-based research on the causes, prevention, and clinical care of cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases and sleep disorders. Research includes a broad 

array of epidemiological studies to describe disease and 

risk factor patterns in populations and to identify risk factors for disease; clinical trials of interventions to prevent 

disease; studies of genetic, behavioral, sociocultural, and 

environmental influences on disease risk and outcomes; 

and studies of the application of prevention and treatment 

strategies to improve clinical care and public health. The 

Division also supports training and career development 

in these areas of research.

The Division is organized into the three Branches and 

one Office described below.

Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch

The Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch supports, designs, and conducts research and supports training on behavioral, environmental, clinical, and health 

care approaches to reduce the occurrence and consequences of CVD. Prevention research examines the 

effectiveness of interventions to slow or halt risk factor 

or disease development or progression. Interventions— 

many of which focus on high-risk individuals and populations—include medications, behavioral strategies, and 

environmental change. Studies to examine lifestyle, 

nutrition and exercise, psychological and sociocultural 

factors, and environmental and genetic influences relevant to prevention are supported. Also supported is clinical application research to examine approaches to 

improve health care delivery and patient outcomes. 

Studies include clinical and community trials and observational studies.

Epidemiology Branch

The Epidemiology Branch supports, designs, and 

conducts research and supports research training in the 

epidemiology of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

and sleep disorders. Studies are conducted to identify 

temporal trends and population patterns in the prevalence, incidence, morbidity, and mortality from the 

diseases and include single- and multicenter observational epidemiologic studies of development, progression, and treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases and sleep disorders. Areas of emphasis include 

environmental, lifestyle, physiological, and genetic risk 

factors for disease and risk factor development including 

characterization of gene–gene and gene–environment 

interactions. Large cohorts of minority participants, such 

as Hispanics and blacks, have been assembled to explore 

health disparities in minorities. The Branch also distributes data from eligible NHLBI studies to researchers 

through a process that adheres to guidelines for the 

protection of participant privacy and confidentiality.

Women’s Health Initiative Branch

The Women’s Health Initiative Branch—in collaboration with the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the 

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and 

Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute on Aging 

(NIA), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders 

and Stroke (NINDS), and the Office of Research on 

Women’s Health (ORWH)—supports clinical trials and 

observational studies to improve the understanding of the 

causes and prevention of major diseases affecting the 

health of women. Current studies focus on CVD, cancer, 

and fractures. Large multicenter observational studies 

seek to identify risk markers for disease or to better 

quantify known markers using questionnaires, clinical 

examinations, and laboratory data. The large and longterm multicenter clinical trials test promising but 

unproven interventions—such as hormone therapy, diet, 

and supplements—to prevent major diseases and evaluate overall effects on health. The Branch has established 

an infrastructure to support the use of data and blood 

samples from the studies by the scientific community.

The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study 

(WHIMS), an ancillary study to the WHI, was designed 

to test whether hormone therapy prevents the development and progression of dementia symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Office of Biostatistics Research

The Office of Biostatistics Research (OBR) provides 

statistical expertise to the Institute and performs diverse 

functions in planning, designing, implementing, and 

analyzing NHLBI-sponsored studies. Its primary 

responsibility is to provide objective, statistically sound, 

and medically relevant solutions to problems. The OBR 

is expected to provide a new and valid statistical solution 

when presented with a problem for which techniques are 

not yet available. Its methodological interests concern 

survival analysis, longitudinal data analysis, and efficient 

study designs, including the monitoring of ongoing clinical studies for efficacy and safety. Recently the OBR 

has made contributions to statistical genetics and has 

extended its expertise to bioinformatics.

Division of Intramural Research

The DIR conducts laboratory and clinical research in 

heart, vascular, lung, blood, and kidney diseases and 

develops technology related to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Areas of interest include the biology of 

experimental and clinical arteriosclerosis and its manifestations; pathophysiology of hypertensive vascular disease; functions of the lung; clinical and experimental 

studies on physiologic and pharmacologic aspects of 

heart, lung, and blood diseases; and a broad program of 

other basic research and technical developments related 

to them.

The DIR is organized into the four Centers and three 

Branches described below.

Biochemistry and Biophysics Center

The Biochemistry and Biophysics Center develops a 

global view of the molecular basis of structure–function 

relationships of proteins and biologically relevant molecules. It performs state-of-the-art nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy studies of protein structure 

and functional interactions, develops mathematical tools 

for generating theoretical models of protein structure–

function relationships, elucidates the mechanisms of 

enzyme function, and investigates the relationship 

between protein structure–function and cell signaling 

pathways.

Cell Biology and Physiology Center

The Cell Biology and Physiology Center develops a 

global view of the mechanisms that regulate cellular 

function and physiology. It evaluates the mechanisms 

that control different molecular machines within the 

cytosol, including those involved in muscle contraction 

and cytosolic and membrane transport processes. The 

Center studies cellular signaling events associated with 
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

hormone action, cytosolic trafficking, and energy metabolism; investigates the role of cellular processes on 

function and adaptation in whole-animal model systems; 

and develops unique measuring devices for studying 

biochemical and physiological processes in intact cells, 

whole animals, and clinical situations.

Genetics and Development Biology Center

The Genetics and Development Biology Center develops a global view of the mechanisms that regulate cardiovascular development and the etiology of congenital 

heart anomalies and CVD. It evaluates the function of 

specific genes and transcription factors in the development of the heart and other tissues, develops techniques 

and approaches for gene delivery and gene therapy in 

model systems, and works toward a better understanding 

of basic processes involved in regulating and interpreting 

the genetic code in development and disease.

Immunology Center

The Immunology Center develops a global view of the 

molecular basis of immune processes. It studies the 

intracellular and signaling processes involved in the activation of lymphocytes and mast cells, investigates the 

mechanisms by which drugs and other agents result in 

allergic-autoimmune reactions, and relates the results to 

the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic 

approaches in humans.

Translational Medicine Branch

The Translational Medicine Branch conducts biomedical research directed at defining normal and abnormal 

biologic function at the molecular level. It develops 

diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for the treatment 

and understanding of CVD and implements mechanismbased clinical studies centered on innovative discoveries 

and observations from inside and outside the Branch.

Hematology Branch

The Hematology Branch conducts basic and clinical 

research on normal and abnormal hematopoiesis. Areas 

of interest include bone marrow failure, viral infections 

of hematopoietic cells, gene therapy of hematologic and 

malignant diseases, bone marrow transplantation, and 

mechanisms of immunologically mediated syndromes 

such as graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune 

diseases.

Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine Branch

The Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine Branch 

conducts research on the lung, heart, and systemic vasculature directed at defining normal physiological function and novel mechanisms of disease at the molecular, 

biochemical, and functional levels. It conducts research 

on emerging diseases of the lung characterized by 

unknown etiology and molecular pathogenesis. Areas of 

interest include lung diseases in blacks, such as sickle 

cell lung disease and sarcoidosis; the role of nitric oxide, 

nitrite, gender, preconditioning, and mitochondrial function on the modulation of ischemia and reperfusion 

injury of the heart and lung; and translational study and 

drug development for therapeutic modulation of vascular, 

pulmonary, and cardiac cellular and molecular 

dysfunction in diseases of the lung and heart.

Division for the Application of Research 

Discoveries

The DARD supports national and international 

research translation, dissemination, and utilization programs to speed the application of scientific advances in 

the prevention, detection, and treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and to shorten the time 

between the discovery and delivery of research advances. 

Through knowledge networks, education programs, community outreach, conferences, and symposia, the 

Division provides opportunities for multidirectional communication and collaboration among researchers, clinical 

and public health practitioners, patients, and the general 

public. It connects research and practice by identifying 

knowledge gaps that should be addressed by future 

research; synthesizing and organizing evidence related to 

priority diseases and conditions; facilitating knowledgesharing and collaboration with key stakeholders; and 

reaching out to people in high-risk, low-income, and 

minority communities to eliminate health disparities.

The Division is organized into the two Branches 

described below.

Research Translation Branch

The Research Translation Branch synthesizes and 

organizes new scientific evidence related to priority diseases and conditions to facilitate rapid translation of 

research findings. It identifies knowledge gaps to inform 
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

future research directions and promotes the use of 

evidence-based reviews. The Branch develops or 

facilitates the development of clinical guidelines with 

relevant stakeholders. It also develops innovative 

implementation approaches for use in clinical and public 

health practice; maximizes opportunities for researchers 

and users of research to discuss research applicability, 

relevance, and utility; and addresses future research 

needs through knowledge networks and other strategies.

Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Branch

The Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Branch 

collects, synthesizes, and communicates new knowledge 

and recommendations for the dissemination and utilization of research-based findings to diverse target audiences, including minority and underserved groups. It 

provides technical assistance and information resources 

to NHLBI grantees to enhance their dissemination plans 

and practices. The Branch accelerates the introduction of 

evidence-based tools and education programs into community practice and establishes community-based 

Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Centers to apply 

the latest research advances and evaluate their effects in 

multiple settings, achieve the U.S. Department of Health 

and Human Services (HHS) Healthy People 2010 goals, 

and eliminate health disparities.

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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

June 16, 1948. President Harry S. Truman signs 

the National Heart Act, creating the NHI in the 

Public Health Service (PHS), with the National 

Advisory Heart Council as its advisory body.

July 7, 1948. Dr. Paul Dudley White is selected 

to be “Executive Director of the National Advisory 

Heart Council and Chief Medical Advisor to the 

National Heart Institute” under section 4b of the 

National Heart Act.

August 1, 1948. The NHI is established as an 

institute of the NIH by Surgeon General Leonard 

A. Scheele. As legislated in the National Heart Act, 

the NHI assumes responsibility for heart research, 

training, and administration. Intramural research 

projects in CVD and gerontology conducted elsewhere in the NIH are transferred to the NHI. The 

Director of the NHI assumes all leadership for the 

total PHS heart program. Dr. Cassius J. Van Slyke 

is appointed as the first Director of the NHI.

August 29, 1948. Surgeon General Scheele 

announces the membership of the first National 

Advisory Heart Council. Varying terms of membership for the 16-member Council commence 

September 1.

September 8, 1948. The National Advisory 

Heart Council holds its first meeting.

January 1949. Cooperative Research Units are 

established at four institutions: the University of 

California, the University of Minnesota, Tulane 

University, and Massachusetts General Hospital. 

Pending completion of the NHI’s own research 

organization and facilities, the Units are jointly 

financed by the NIH and the institutions.

July 1, 1949. The NHI Intramural Research 

Program is established and organized on three general research levels consisting of three laboratory 

sections, five laboratory–clinical sections, and four 

clinical sections. The Heart Disease Epidemiology 

Study at Framingham, Massachusetts, is transferred 

from the Bureau of State Services, PHS, to the NHI.

3. Important Events

January 18–20, 1950. The NHI and the American Heart Association jointly sponsor the first 

National Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases to 

summarize current knowledge and to make recommendations concerning further progress against heart 

and blood vessel diseases.

December 1, 1952. Dr. James Watt is appointed 

Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Van Slyke, who 

is appointed Associate Director of the NIH.

July 6, 1953. The Clinical Center admits its first 

patient for heart disease research.

July 1, 1957. The first members of the NHI 

Board of Scientific Counselors begin their terms. 

The Board was established in 1956 “to provide 

advice on matters of general policy, particularly 

from a long-range viewpoint, as they relate to the 

intramural research program.”

February 19, 1959. The American Heart 

Association and the NHI present a report to 

the Nation—A Decade of Progress Against 

Cardiovascular Disease.

April 21, 1961. The President’s Conference on 

Heart Disease and Cancer, whose participants on 

March 15 were requested by President John F. 

Kennedy to assist “in charting the Government’s 

further role in a national attack on these diseases,” 

convenes at the White House and submits its report.

September 11, 1961. Dr. Ralph E. Knutti is 

appointed Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Watt, 

who becomes head of international activities for the 

PHS.

December 30, 1963. February is designated as 

“American Heart Month” by a unanimous joint resolution of Congress with approval from President 

Lyndon B. Johnson.

November 22–24, 1964. The Second National 

Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases—cosponsored by the American Heart Association, the NHI, 
20

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

and the Heart Disease Control Program of the PHS—is 

held to evaluate progress since the 1950 Conference and 

to assess needs and goals for continued and accelerated 

growth against heart and blood vessel diseases.

December 9, 1964. The President’s Commission on 

Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke—appointed by 

President Johnson on March 7, 1964—submits its report 

to “recommend steps that can be taken to reduce the burden and incidence of these diseases.”

August 1, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart assumes the 

Directorship of the NHI upon Dr. Knutti’s retirement.

September 24, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart, NHI 

Director, is named Surgeon General of the PHS.

October 6, 1965. In FY 1966, Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 89–199) allocates funds to implement 

the recommendations of the President’s Commission on 

Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke that are within existing legislative authorities. The NHI is given $5.05 million for new clinical training programs, additional 

graduate training grants, cardiovascular clinical research 

centers on cerebrovascular disease and thrombotic and 

hemorrhagic disorders, and planning grants for future 

specialized cardiovascular centers.

March 8, 1966. Dr. Robert P. Grant succeeds 

Dr. Stewart as Director of the NHI. Dr. Grant serves 

until his death on August 15, 1966.

November 6, 1966. Dr. Donald S. Fredrickson is 

appointed Director of the NHI.

March 15, 1968. Dr. Theodore Cooper succeeds 

Dr. Fredrickson as Director of the NHI, the latter electing 

to return to research activities with the Institute.

October 16, 1968. Dr. Marshall W. Nirenberg is 

awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 

discovering the key to deciphering the genetic code. 

Dr. Nirenberg, chief of the NHI Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, is the first Nobel Laureate at the NIH and 

the first Federal employee to receive a Nobel Prize.

October 26, 1968. The NHI receives the National 

Hemophilia Foundation’s Research and Scientific 

Achievement Award for its “medical leadership . . . , 

tremendous stimulation and support of research 

activities directly related to the study and treatment of 

hemophilia.”

November 14, 1968. The 20th anniversary of the 

NHI is commemorated at the White House under the 

auspices of President Johnson and other distinguished 

guests.

August 12, 1969. A major NHI reorganization plan 

creates five program branches along disease category 

lines in extramural programs (arteriosclerotic disease, 

cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, hypertension and 

kidney diseases, and thrombotic and hemorrhagic diseases); a Therapeutic Evaluations Branch and an 

Epidemiology Branch under the Associate Director for 

Clinical Applications; and three offices in the Office of 

the Director (heart information, program planning, and 

administrative management).

November 10, 1969. The NHI is redesignated by the 

Secretary, Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), as the 

National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), reflecting a 

broadening scope of its functions.

February 18, 1971. President Richard M. Nixon’s 

Health Message to Congress identifies sickle cell anemia 

as a high-priority disease and calls for increased Federal 

expenditures. The Assistant Secretary for Health and 

Scientific Affairs, HEW, is assigned lead-Agency responsibility for coordination of the National Sickle Cell 

Disease Program at the NIH and NHLI.

June 1971. The Task Force on Arteriosclerosis, convened by Dr. Cooper, presents its report. Volume I 

addresses general aspects of the problem and presents the 

major conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical 

language. Volume II contains technical information on 

the state of knowledge and conclusions and recommendations in each of the following areas: atherogenesis, 

presymptomatic atherosclerosis, overt atherosclerosis, 

and rehabilitation.

May 16, 1972. The National Sickle Cell Anemia 

Control Act (P.L. 92–294) provides for a national diagnosis, control, treatment, and research program. The Act 

does not mention the NHLI but has special pertinence 

because the Institute has been designated to coordinate 

the National Sickle Cell Disease Program.

June 12, 1972. Elliot Richardson, Secretary, HEW, 

approves a nationwide program for high blood pressure 

information and education and appoints two committees 

to implement the program: the Hypertension Information 

and Education Advisory Committee, chaired by the 

Director, NIH, and the Interagency Working Group, 
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

chaired by the Director, NHLI. A High Blood Pressure 

Information Center is established within the NHLI Office 

of Information to collect and disseminate public and 

professional information about the disease.

July 1972. The NHLI launches its National High 

Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP), a program of patient and professional education that has as 

its goal to reduce death and disability related to high 

blood pressure.

July 14, 1972. Secretary Richardson approves reorganization of the NHLI, with the Institute elevated to 

Bureau status within the NIH and comprising seven 

division-level components: Office of the Director, 

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases (DHVD), DLD, 

DBDR, DIR, Division of Technological Applications, 

and Division of Extramural Affairs (DEA). 

September 19, 1972. The National Heart, Blood 

Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act of 1972 (P.L. 92–423) 

expands the authority of the Institute to advance the 

national attack on the diseases within its mandate. The 

act calls for intensified and coordinated Institute activities to be planned by the Director and reviewed by the 

National Heart and Lung Advisory Council.

July 24, 1973. The first Five-Year Plan for the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program 

is transmitted to the President and to Congress.

December 17, 1973. The National Heart and Lung 

Advisory Council completes its First Annual Report on 

the National Program.

February 13, 1974. The Director of the NHLI forwards his First Annual Report on the National Program 

to the President for transmittal to Congress.

April 5, 1974. The Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HEW, authorizes release of the Report to the President 

by the President’s Advisory Panel on Heart Disease. 

The report of the 20-member panel, chaired by Dr. John 

S. Millis, includes a survey of the problem of heart and 

blood vessel disorders and panel recommendations to 

reduce illness and death from them.

August 2, 1974. The Secretary, HEW, approves regulations governing the establishment, support, and operation of National Research and Demonstration Centers 

for heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases, which 

implement section 415(b) of the PHS Act, as amended by 

the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act 

of 1972: (1) to carry out basic and clinical research on 

heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; (2) to 

provide demonstrations of advanced methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment; and (3) to supply a training source for scientists and physicians concerned with 

the diseases.

September 16, 1975. Dr. Robert I. Levy is appointed 

Director of the NHLI, succeeding Dr. Theodore Cooper, 

who was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary for 

Health, HEW, on April 19, 1974.

June 25, 1976. Legislation amending the PHS Act 

(P.L. 94–278) changes the name of the NHLI to the 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and 

provides for an expansion in blood-related activities 

within the Institute and throughout the National Heart, 

Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program. 

August 1, 1977. The Biomedical Research Extension 

Act of 1977 (P.L. 95–83) reauthorizes the programs of 

the NHLBI, with continued emphasis on both the 

national program and related prevention and dissemination activities.

February 1978. The NHLBI and the American Heart 

Association jointly celebrate their 30th anniversaries.

September 1979. The Task Force on Hypertension, 

established in September 1975 to assess the state of 

hypertension research, completes its in-depth survey and 

recommendations for improved prevention, treatment, 

and control in 14 major areas. The recommendations are 

intended to guide the NHLBI in its future efforts.

November 1979. The results of the Hypertension 

Detection and Follow-Up Program (HDFP), a major clinical trial started in 1971, provide evidence that tens of 

thousands of lives are being saved through treatment of 

mild hypertension and that perhaps thousands more could 

be saved annually if all people with mild hypertension 

were under treatment.

November 21, 1980. The Albert Lasker Special 

Public Health Award is presented to the NHLBI for its 

HDFP, “which stands alone among clinical studies in its 

profound potential benefit to millions of people.”

December 17, 1980. The Health Programs Extension 

Act of 1980 (P.L. 96–538) reauthorizes the NHLBI, with 

continued emphasis on both the national program and 

related prevention programs.
22

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

September 8, 1981. The Working Group on 

Arteriosclerosis—convened in 1978 to assess present 

understanding, highlight unresolved problems, and 

emphasize opportunities for future research in arteriosclerosis—completes its report. Volume I presents conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical language. 

Volume II provides an in-depth substantive basis for the 

conclusions and recommendations contained in Volume I.

October 2, 1981. The Beta-Blocker Heart Attack 

Trial (BHAT) demonstrates benefits to those in the trial 

who received the drug propranolol compared with the 

control group.

July 6, 1982. Dr. Claude Lenfant is appointed 

Director of the NHLBI. He succeeds Dr. Levy.

September 1982. The results of the Multiple Risk 

Factor Intervention Trial are released. They support 

measures to reduce cigarette smoking and to lower blood 

cholesterol to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) 

mortality but raise questions about optimal treatment of 

mild hypertension.

October 26, 1983. The Coronary Artery Surgery 

Study (CASS) results are released. They demonstrate 

that mildly symptomatic patients with coronary artery 

disease can safely defer coronary artery bypass surgery 

until symptoms worsen.

January 12, 1984. The results of the Lipid Research 

Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT) 

are released. They establish conclusively that reducing 

total blood cholesterol reduces the risk of CHD in men at 

increased risk because of elevated cholesterol levels. 

Each 1 percent decrease in cholesterol can be expected to 

reduce heart attack risk by 2 percent.

April–September 1984. The Tenth Report of the 

Director, NHLBI, commemorates the 10th anniversary of 

the passage of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, 

and Blood Act. The five-volume publication reviews 

10 years of research progress and presents a 5-year 

research plan for the national program.

April 1984. The Division of Epidemiology and 

Clinical Applications (DECA) is created. It provides the 

Institute with a single focus on clinical trials; prevention, 

demonstration, and education programs; behavioral medicine; nutrition; epidemiology; and biometry. It also provides new opportunities to examine the interrelationships 

of cardiovascular, respiratory, and blood diseases.

November 1984. An NHLBI–NIH Clinical Center 

inter-Agency agreement for studies on the transmission 

of HIV from humans to chimpanzees leads to the first 

definitive evidence that the transmission is by blood 

transfusion.

April 1985. Results of Phase I of the Thrombolysis 

in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial comparing 

streptokinase (SK) with recombinant tissue plasminogen 

activator (t-PA) are published. The new thrombolytic 

agent recombinant t‐PA is approximately twice as effective as SK in opening thrombosed coronary arteries.

October 1985. The NHLBI Smoking Education 

Program is initiated to increase health care provider 

awareness about clinical opportunities for smoking cessation programs, techniques for use within health care 

settings, and resources for use within communities to 

expand and reinforce such efforts.

October 14, 1985. NHLBI-supported researchers 

Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein are awarded 

the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol 

metabolism.

November 1985. The NHLBI inaugurates the 

National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) to 

increase awareness among health professionals and the 

public that elevated blood cholesterol is a cause of CHD 

and that reducing elevated blood cholesterol levels will 

contribute to the reduction of CHD.

June 1986. Results of the Prophylactic Penicillin 

Trial demonstrate the efficacy of prophylactic penicillin 

therapy in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with pneumococcal infections in children with SCD.

September 18, 1986. The NHLBI sponsors events on 

the NIH campus in conjunction with the meeting of the 

X World Congress of Cardiology in Washington, DC. 

Activities include a special exhibit at the National 

Library of Medicine titled “American Contributions 

to Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery” and two 

symposia—“New Dimensions in Cardiovascular 

Disease Research” and “Cardiovascular Nursing and 

Nursing Research.”

December 17, 1986. The citizens of Framingham, 

Massachusetts, are presented a tribute by the Assistant 

Secretary, HHS, for their participation in the Framingham Heart Study over the past 40 years.
23

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

September 1987. The NHLBI commemorates the 

centennial of the NIH and the 40th anniversary of the 

Institute’s inception. Two publications prepared for the 

Institute’s anniversary—Forty Years of Achievement in 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Research and A Salute to the 

Past: A History of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute—document significant Institute contributions to 

research and summarize recollections about the 

Institute’s 40-year history.

October 1987. The National Blood Resource 

Education Program is established to ensure an adequate 

supply of safe blood and blood components to meet the 

Nation’s needs and to ensure that blood and blood 

components are transfused only when therapeutically 

appropriate.

April 1988. The NHLBI initiates its Minority 

Research Supplements program to provide supplemental 

funds to ongoing research grants for support of minority 

investigators added to research teams.

September 1988. AIDS research is added to the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases 

and Blood Resources Program. It is the first area of 

research to be added since the Program was established 

in 1973.

September 1988. The NHLBI funds the first of its 

new Programs of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 

designed to foster the study of the organization, modification, and expression of the genome in areas of importance to the Institute and to encourage investigators to 

become skilled in the experimental strategies and techniques of modern molecular biology. 

September 1988. The Strong Heart Study is initiated. 

It focuses on CVD morbidity and mortality rates and distribution of CVD risk factors in three geographically 

diverse American Indian groups. 

October 1988. The National Marrow Donor Program 

is transferred from the Department of the Navy to the 

NHLBI. The Program, which serves as a focal point for 

bone marrow research, includes a national registry of 

volunteers who have offered to donate marrow for transplant to patients not having suitably matched relatives.

March 1989. The NHLBI initiates a National Asthma 

Education Program to raise awareness of asthma as a 

serious chronic disease and to promote more effective 

management of asthma through patient and professional 

education. 

May 1989. The NHLBI Minority Access to Research 

Careers (MARC) Summer Research Training Program is 

initiated to provide an opportunity for MARC Honors 

Scholars to work with researchers in the NHLBI intramural laboratories.

September 14, 1990. The first human gene therapy 

protocol in history is undertaken at the NIH. A team of 

scientists—led by W. French Anderson, NHLBI, and R. 

Michael Blaese, NCI—insert a normal gene into a 

patient’s cells to compensate for a defective gene that left 

the patient’s cells unable to produce an enzyme essential 

to the functioning of the body’s immune system.

January 1991. The NHLBI Obesity Education 

Initiative (OEI) begins. Its objective is to make a concerted effort to educate the public and health professionals about obesity as an independent risk factor for 

CVD and its relationship to other risk factors, such as 

high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol.

February 1991. The expert panel of the National 

Asthma Education Program releases its report, Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, to 

educate physicians and other health care providers in 

asthma management.

April 8–10, 1991. The First National Conference on 

Cholesterol and Blood Pressure Control is attended by 

more than 1,800 health professionals.

May 1991. The Task Force on Hypertension, established in November 1989 to assess the state of hypertension research and to develop a plan for future NHLBI 

funding, presents its conclusions. The report outlines a 

set of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive 

plan for support over the next several years.

June 11, 1991. The NHLBI initiates a National Heart 

Attack Alert Program (NHAAP) to reduce premature 

morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction 

(AMI) and sudden death. The Program emphasizes rapid 

disease identification and treatment.

July 1991. Results of the Systolic Hypertension in the 

Elderly Program (SHEP) demonstrate that low-dose 

pharmacologic therapy of isolated systolic hypertension 

in those older than 60 years of age significantly reduces 

stroke and myocardial infarction.
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

August 1991. Results of the Studies of Left 

Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) are released. They 

demonstrate that use of the angiotensin-converting 

enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril causes a significant 

reduction in mortality and hospitalization for congestive 

heart failure in patients with symptomatic heart failure.

August 1991. The NHLBI sponsors “Physical 

Activity and Cardiovascular Health: Special Emphasis on 

Women and Youth,” the first national workshop to assess 

the current knowledge in the field and to develop scientific priorities and plans for support. Recommendations 

from the Working Groups are published in the supplemental issue of Medicine and Science in Sports and 

Exercise.

March 1992. The International Consensus Report on 

Diagnosis and Management of Asthma is released. It is 

to be used by asthma specialists and medical opinion 

leaders to provide a framework for discussion of asthma 

management pertinent to their respective countries.

March 1992. Results of the Trials of Hypertension 

Prevention Phase I are published. They demonstrate that 

both weight loss and reduction of dietary salt reduce 

blood pressure in adults with high-normal diastolic blood 

pressure and may reduce the incidence of primary 

hypertension.

June 26–27, 1992. The Fourth National Minority 

Forum on Cardiovascular Health, Pulmonary Disorders, 

and Blood Resources is attended by nearly 600 

individuals.

October 11–13, 1992. The First National Conference 

on Asthma Management is attended by more than 900 

individuals.

October 30, 1992. A celebration of the 20th anniversary of the NHBPEP is held in conjunction with the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee meeting. The Fifth 

Report of the Joint National Committee on the Detection, 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 

V) and the NHBPEP Working Group Report on the 

Primary Prevention of Hypertension are released.

June 10, 1993. The NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 

(P.L. 103–43) establishes the NCSDR within the NHLBI.

June 15, 1993. The Second Report of the Expert 

Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High 

Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP II) is released to the 

public at a press conference held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting.

January 30, 1995. Results of the Multicenter Study 

of Hydroxyurea (MSH) are released through a clinical 

alert. They demonstrate that hydroxyurea reduced the 

number of painful episodes by 50 percent in severely 

affected adults with SCD. This is the first effective treatment for adult patients with this disorder.

September 1995. The NHLBI funds a new Program 

of Specialized Centers of Research in Hematopoietic 

Stem Cell Biology, which is designed to advance our 

knowledge of stem cell biology and enhance our ability 

to achieve successful stem cell therapy to cure genetic 

and acquired diseases.

September 21, 1995. Results of the Bypass 

Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation are released 

through a clinical alert. They demonstrate that patients 

on drug treatment for diabetes who had blockages in two 

or more coronary arteries and were treated with coronary 

artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery had, at 5 years, a 

death rate markedly lower than that of similar patients 

treated with angioplasty. The clinical alert recommends 

CABG over standard angioplasty for patients on drug 

therapy for diabetes who have multiple coronary blockages and are first-time candidates for either procedure.

November 5–6, 1995. The first Conference on 

Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Cardiovascular Health 

and Disease is held to determine future opportunities and 

needs for research on SES factors and their relationships 

with cardiovascular health and disease.

December 4–5, 1995. A celebration of the 10th anniversary of the NCEP is held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting. Results of the 

1995 Cholesterol Awareness Surveys of physicians and 

the public are released.

May 1996. The NHLBI announces results from the 

Framingham Heart Study that conclude earlier and more 

aggressive treatment of hypertension is vital to preventing congestive heart failure. The Treatment of Mild 

Hypertension Study (TOMHS) demonstrates that lifestyle changes—such as weight loss, a healthy eating 

plan, and physical activity—are crucial for reducing 

blood lipids in those treated for Stage I hypertension.

September 1996. Findings from the Asthma Clinical 

Research Network (ACRN) show that for people with 
25

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

asthma, taking an inhaled beta-agonist at regularly scheduled times is safe but provides no greater benefit than 

taking the medication only when asthma symptoms 

occur. The recommendation to physicians who treat 

patients with mild asthma is to prescribe inhaled betaagonists only on an as-needed basis.

November 13, 1996. The NHLBI releases findings 

from two studies, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial and Trial of Nonpharmacologic 

Intervention in the Elderly (TONE). The DASH Trial 

demonstrates that a diet low in fat and high in vegetables, 

fruits, fiber, and low-fat dairy products significantly and 

quickly lowers blood pressure. The TONE shows that 

weight loss and reduction of dietary sodium safely 

reduce the need for antihypertensive medication in older 

patients while keeping their blood pressure under 

control.

January 1997. Definitive results from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth 

(PDAY) program are published. They show that atherosclerosis develops before age 20 and that the following 

risk factors affect the progression of atherosclerosis 

equally in women and men, regardless of race: low highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high low-density 

lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and cigarette smoking.

February 24, 1997. The National Asthma Education 

and Prevention Program (NAEPP) releases the Expert 

Panel Report 2, Guidelines for the Diagnosis and 

Management of Asthma to the public at a press conference held in conjunction with a meeting of the American 

Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology in San 

Francisco.

May 8, 1997. Results of the Antiarrhythmic Versus 

Implantable Defibrillator (AVID) clinical trial are presented. They show that an implantable cardiac defibrillator reduces mortality compared to pharmacologic therapy 

in patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death.

September 1997. The Stroke Prevention Trial in 

Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) is terminated early because 

prophylactic transfusion resulted in a 90 percent relative 

decrease in the stroke rate among children 2 to 16 years 

old.

September 1997. The Institute’s National Sickle Cell 

Disease Program celebrates its 25th anniversary.

October 1997. The NHLBI commemorates the 50th 

anniversary of the Institute’s inception. A publication 

prepared for the Institute’s anniversary—Vital Signs: 

Discoveries in Diseases of the Heart, Lungs, and 

Blood—documents the remarkable research advances 

of the past 50 years.

October 1, 1997. The WHI, initiated in 1991, is transferred to the NHLBI.

November 6, 1997. The Sixth Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 

VI) is released at a press conference held in conjunction 

with the 25th anniversary meeting and celebration of the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee.

December 1997. Findings from the Trial To Reduce 

Alloimmunization to Platelets (TRAP) demonstrate that 

leucocyte reduction by filtration or ultraviolet B irradiation of platelets—both methods are equally effective—

decreases development of lymphocytotoxic antibodies 

and alloimmune platelet refractoriness.

February 1998. The Task Force on Behavioral 

Research in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Health and 

Disease—established in November 1995 to develop a 

plan for future NHLBI biobehavioral research in cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders—

presents its recommendations. The report outlines a set 

of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive plan 

for support over the next several years.

February 19–21, 1998. The NHLBI and cosponsors—California CVD Prevention Coalition; California 

Department of Health Services; CVD Outreach, 

Resources, and Epidemiology Program; and the 

University of California, San Francisco—hold 

Cardiovascular Health: Coming Together for the 21st 

Century, A National Conference, in San Francisco.

March 16, 1998. A special symposium is held at the 

annual meeting of the American Academy of Asthma, 

Allergy, and Immunology to celebrate 50 years of 

NHLBI-supported science.

June 17, 1998. The NHLBI, in cooperation with the 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney 

Diseases (NIDDK), releases Clinical Guidelines on the 

Identification, Treatment, and Evaluation of Overweight 

and Obesity in Adults: Evidence Report.
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

December 11, 1998. World Asthma Day is established on this date. The NAEPP launches the Asthma 

Management Model System, an innovative Web-based 

information management tool.

March 1999. The ARDS Network Study of Ventilator 

Management in ARDS is stopped early so that critical 

care specialists can be alerted to the results. The study 

demonstrated that approximately 25 percent fewer deaths 

occurred among intensive care patients with ARDS 

receiving small, rather than large, breaths of air from a 

mechanical ventilator. 

March 22, 1999. The NAEPP holds its 10th anniversary meeting and celebration to recognize a decade of 

progress and a continued commitment to the future.

August 1999. Results of the Early Revascularization 

for Cardiogenic Shock are released. They show 

improved survival at 6 months in patients treated with 

balloon angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery compared with patients who receive intensive medical care to 

stabilize their condition. 

September 27–29, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors the 

National Conference on Cardiovascular Disease 

Prevention: Meeting the Healthy People 2010 Objectives 

for Cardiovascular Health.

November 2, 1999. The NAEPP convenes a Workshop on Strengthening Asthma Coalitions: Thinking 

Globally, Acting Locally to gather information from 

coalition representatives on ways the NAEPP could 

support their efforts. 

November 2–3, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors a Workshop on Research Training and Career Development.

March 8, 2000. A part of the Antihypertensive and 

Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial 

(ALLHAT) is terminated early because one of the tested 

drugs, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, was found to be less 

effective than the more traditional diuretic in reducing 

some forms of CVD.

March 29, 2000. The NHLBI launches the Webbased Healthy People 2010 Gateway to provide information and resources on cardiovascular health, asthma, 

sleep, and minority populations.

April 25, 2000. The NHLBI sponsors a special expert 

meeting, Scientific Frontiers in Cardiothoracic Surgery, 

to discuss the future of cardiothoracic research. 

September 2000. NHLBI-supported investigators 

identify a gene for primary pulmonary hypertension.

October 2000. Results from the Childhood Asthma 

Management Program (CAMP) demonstrate that inhaled 

corticosteroids are safe and effective for long-term treatment of children with mild-to-moderate asthma.

January 2001. Results of the DASH-Sodium Trial 

are released. They show that dietary sodium reduction 

substantially lowers blood pressure in persons with high 

blood pressure; the greatest effect occurs when sodium 

reduction is combined with the DASH diet.

February 2001. The NHLBI launches a sleep education program for children, using star sleeper Garfield the 

Cat.

February 1, 2001. The NHLBI—along with the HHS 

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the 

Office of the Surgeon General, the Centers for Disease 

Control and Prevention (CDC), the NINDS, and the 

American Heart Association—signs a memorandum of 

understanding to focus and coordinate their efforts to 

meet the Healthy People 2010 objectives on cardiovascular health.

March 26–27, 2001. A strategy development workshop, “Women’s Heart Health: Developing a National 

Health Education Action Plan,” is held to develop an 

agenda for the NHLBI’s new heart health education 

effort directed at women.

April 2001. The NHLBI releases the international 

guidelines for diagnosis, management, and prevention of 

COPD.

April 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators identify 

genes that regulate human cholesterol levels.

May 2001. The NHLBI releases the NCEP’s Third 

Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and 

Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III).

June 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators find that 

human heart muscle cells regenerate after a heart attack.

July 2001. A self-contained artificial heart is 

implanted in a patient for the first time.

August 2001. Early results from the National 

Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) identify characteristics of patients at high risk for death following lung 

volume reduction surgery. 
27

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

August 2001. Scientists from the NHLBI SCOR program at Yale University identify two genes responsible 

for pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a rare Mendelian 

form of high blood pressure. These genes encode for 

protein kinases involved in a previously unknown pathway and may provide new targets for therapy.

September 10, 2001. The NHLBI, along with the 

American Heart Association and other partners, launches 

“Act in Time to Heart Attack Signs,” a national campaign 

to increase awareness of the signs of heart attack and the 

need for a fast response.

October 2001. NHLBI-supported scientists report 

that the drug, infliximab, increases risk of TB reactivation and dissemination. The drug is used to treat refractory rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease and is 

proposed as a treatment for several chronic lung diseases. 

November 2001. Results of the Randomized 

Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment 

of Chronic Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that using an 

implanted left ventricular assist device can prolong survival and improve quality of life in severely ill patients 

who are not candidates for heart transplantation.

December 2001. For the first time, scientists correct 

SCD in mice using gene therapy.

April 10, 2002. The World Hypertension League 

(WHL) and the NHLBI hold an international symposium; subsequently they prepare an action plan at the 

WHL Council Conference to control hypertension and 

obesity.

April 11–13, 2002. The NHLBI and cosponsors—the 

HHS Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the CDC, the American Heart Association, the 

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the 

Health Resources and Services Administration—hold a 

national conference, “Cardiovascular Health for All: 

Meeting the Challenge of Healthy People 2010.”

June 2002. The NAEPP issues an update of selected 

topics in the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. 

June 2002. The fourth edition of The Management 

of Sickle Cell Disease, which describes the current 

approach to counseling SCD patients and managing 

many of the medical complications of SCD, is issued to 

coincide with the 30th anniversary of the NHLBI Sickle 

Cell Program.

July 9, 2002. The NHLBI stops early the trial of the 

estrogen plus progestin component of the WHI due to 

increased breast cancer risk and lack of overall benefits. 

The multicenter trial also found increases in CHD, 

stroke, and pulmonary embolism in participants on estrogen plus progestin compared to women taking placebo 

pills.

August 2002. NHLBI-supported scientists identify a 

gene variant that is associated with arrhythmia in blacks.

December 4, 2002. Results of the Atrial Fibrillation 

Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management Trial 

(AFFIRM) indicate that rate control rather than rhythm 

control may be the preferred approach for patients with 

atrial fibrillation. The rate control strategy involves 

the use of less expensive drugs and results in fewer 

hospitalizations.

December 17, 2002. Results of the ALLHAT, the 

largest hypertension clinical trial ever conducted, show 

that less expensive traditional diuretics are at least as 

good as newer medicines (calcium channel blocker and 

ACE inhibitors) in treating high blood pressure and 

preventing some forms of heart disease.

January 23, 2002. An NHLBI-supported study demonstrates that magnetic resonance imaging can be used to 

detect heart attacks faster and more accurately than traditional methods in patients who arrive at the emergency 

room with chest pain.

February 24, 2002. The Prevention of Recurrent 

Venous Thromboembolism Trial is stopped early because 

treatment with low-dose warfarin to prevent recurrence 

of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism was 

so beneficial. 

April 2003. Results of the MSH Patients’ Follow-Up 

Study show that the adult patients who took hydroxyurea 

over a 9-year period experienced a 40 percent reduction 

in deaths. Survival was related to fetal hemoglobin 

levels and frequency of vaso-occlusive events. 

April 23, 2003. Results of the PREMIER trial of 

behavioral lifestyle interventions for blood pressure control show that individuals with prehypertension or stage I 

hypertension can lower their blood pressure by making 

multiple lifestyle changes. 

May 14, 2003. The Seventh Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, 
28

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

(JNC VII) is released. 

May 22, 2003. The NETT finds that lung volume 

reduction surgery (LVRS) benefits emphysema patients 

with certain clinical characteristics. The findings will be 

useful in the determination of Medicare coverage policy. 

July 2003. The NHLBI and Gen-Probe Corporation 

succeed in developing a test to screen donated blood for 

the West Nile Virus. 

August 2003. The NHLBI establishes a partnership 

with the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) 

to advance research on cardiovascular, respiratory, and 

blood diseases. 

November 2003. The Public Access Defibrillation 

Trial demonstrates that use of an automated external defibrillator and CPR by trained community volunteers can 

increase survival for victims of sudden cardiac arrest. 

March 2004. The NIH stops the estrogen-alone component of the WHI early due to the increased risk of 

stroke and deep vein thrombosis. Estrogen does not 

appear to affect heart disease. 

March 2004. Preliminary results of the Sudden 

Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that an 

implantable cardiac defibrillator can reduce death in heart 

failure patients. 

July 2004. The NHLBI releases an update to the 

2001 NCEP ATP III guidelines on the treatment of high 

blood cholesterol in adults. 

August 2004. The NHBPEP Working Group on High 

Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents releases the 

Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and 

Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and 

Adolescents.

August 2004. An NHLBI-funded study shows that 

nucleic acid amplification testing for HIV-1 and hepatitis 

C virus (HCV) further safeguards the Nation’s blood 

supply.

October 2004. Results from a new study of adults 

with mild asthma by researchers participating in the 

ACRN demonstrate that genes affect patient response, 

over time, to daily doses of inhaled albuterol, a drug 

used for relief of acute asthma symptoms. A few weeks 

of its regular use improves overall asthma control in 

individuals with one form of the gene, but stopping all 

use of albuterol eventually improves asthma control in 

those with another form of the gene. The findings could 

lead to better ways to individualize asthma therapy.

November 2004. Results of the Prevention of Events 

With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition 

(PEACE) demonstrate that many heart disease patients 

who are already receiving state-of-the-art therapy do not 

gain extra cardiovascular protection from ACE 

inhibitors. 

December 2004. The NHLBI stops early the Stroke 

Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia Trial II (STOP II) so 

that physicians who treat children with sickle cell anemia 

can be alerted to its findings. STOP II, which is a study 

to determine whether children with sickle cell anemia 

and at high risk for stroke could at some point safely stop 

receiving the periodic blood transfusions that prevent 

strokes, shows that children revert to high risk for stroke 

when transfusions are stopped.

January 2005. The NHLBI issues new guidelines for 

managing asthma during pregnancy.

January 26, 2005. Dr. Elizabeth G. Nabel is 

appointed Director of the NHLBI. She succeeds 

Dr. Claude Lenfant.

February 2005. NHLBI-supported scientists identify 

two genetic mutations common in individuals of African 

descent that are associated with a 40 percent reduction in 

LDL cholesterol.

February 15, 2006. Results from the WHI Calcium 

and Vitamin D Trial show that calcium and vitamin D 

supplements in healthy postmenopausal women provide 

a modest improvement in bone mass preservation and 

prevent hip fractures in certain groups, including older 

women, but do not prevent other types of fractures or 

colorectal cancer.

May 10, 2006. Results from the Childhood Asthma 

Research and Education (CARE) Network show that 

daily treatment with inhaled corticosteroids can reduce 

breathing problems in preschool-aged children at high 

risk for asthma, but does not prevent them from developing persistent asthma.

May 31, 2006. The Prospective Investigation of 

Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) II finds that 

the ability to diagnose pulmonary embolism is improved 

when a commonly used imaging test of the chest to 
29

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

detect potentially deadly blood clots in the lung is complemented by an extension of the scan to the legs—

where the clots typically originate—or by a standard 

clinical assessment.

June 6, 2006. Results from the Should We 

Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for 

Cardiogenic Shock (SHOCK) trial show that treating 

heart attack patients who have a life-threatening complication called cardiogenic shock with emergency angioplasty or bypass surgery greatly improves their long-term 

survival.

July 18, 2006. NHLBI scientists find that a hormone 

called brain natriuretic peptide or BNP, which can be 

detected in a simple blood test, can identify patients with 

SCD who have developed a life-threatening complication called pulmonary hypertension. The hormone is also 

a predictor of death in adult sickle cell patients. 

July 26, 2006. Results from two randomized clinical 

trials demonstrate that inhaled nitric oxide administered 

within the first few weeks of life helps prevent chronic 

lung disease in some low birthweight premature infants. 

Moreover, when administered within 48 hours after 

birth, it appears to protect some premature newborns 

from brain injury.

September 19, 2006. The NHLBI launches a peripheral artery disease awareness and education campaign, 

“Stay in Circulation: Take Steps To Learn About P.A.D.” 

(peripheral artery disease).

January 18, 2007. The NHLBI launches the Learn 

More Breathe Better campaign to increase COPD awareness among primary care physicians and the public.

August 29, 2007. The NAEPP issues the Expert 

Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and 

Management of Asthma—Full Report 2007, an update of 

the latest scientific evidence and recommendations for 

clinical practice on asthma care.

October 1, 2007. The NHLBI launches an open 

access dataset for researchers worldwide. Known as 

SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe), the 

Web‐based dataset will enable qualified researchers to 

access data from large population-based studies, starting 

with the landmark Framingham Heart Study. It is 

expected to accelerate discoveries linking genes and 

health, thereby advancing understanding of the causes 

and prevention of CVD and other disorders.

October 8, 2007. Mario Capecchi and Oliver 

Smithies, who are researchers supported by the NHLBI, 

are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 

for their creation of a gene-targeting technique that 

allows scientists to create transgenic mice that are genetically modified to develop human diseases.

December 3, 2007. The NHLBI announces a new 

strategic plan to guide its next decade of research, training, and education to reduce the national burden of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders.

December 10, 2007. Results of the Occluded Artery 

Trial (OAT) are incorporated into practice guidelines: 

The American College of Cardiology/American Heart 

Association’s 2007 Focused Update of the 2004 

Guidelines for the Management of Patients With 

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. The guidelines discourage percutaneous coronary intervention of a totally 

occluded artery late in the course of myocardial infarction in the absence of symptoms if patients are stable and 

do not have evidence of severe ischemia.

January 28, 2008. Results from the ALLHAT demonstrate that in people—especially blacks—who have 

high blood pressure as part of metabolic syndrome, 

diuretics offer greater protection against CVD, including 

heart failure, and are at least as effective for lowering 

blood pressure as newer, more expensive medications.

February 2008. The NHLBI stops one treatment arm 

of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes 

(ACCORD) clinical trial of adults who have type 2 diabetes at high risk for heart attack and stroke after a 

review of available data showed that participants following a medical strategy to lower blood glucose below current recommendations to near-normal levels increased 

the risk of death compared with a standard treatment 

strategy. All participants now follow a medical strategy 

to reach the standard blood sugar levels while the lipid 

and blood pressure components of the study continue.

February 2008. An independent panel convened by 

the NIH concludes that the use of hydroxyurea for treating SCD should be increased among adolescents and 

adults who have the disease.

February 29, 2008. The NHLBI issues the first U.S. 

guidelines for the diagnosis and management of von 

Willebrand Disease, the most common inherited bleeding 

disorder.
30

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

March 2008. The NHLBI announces a comprehensive restructuring of its SCD research program to take 

advantage of new scientific opportunities and make SCD 

resources more widely available.

March 4, 2008. The WHI Follow-up Study confirms 

that the health risks of long-term combination hormone 

therapy outweigh the benefits for postmenopausal 

women. Researchers report that about 3 years after 

women stopped taking combination hormone therapy, 

many of the health effects of hormones—such as 

increased risk of heart disease—are diminished but overall risks of stroke, blood clots, and cancer remain high.

March 5, 2008. Scientists report that they have 

identified the variants of the gene VKORC1 that 

determine a patient’s initial response to treatment with 

the blood-thinning (anticoagulant) drug warfarin. The 

finding is expected to enhance the ability of physicians to 

tailor the dosage of warfarin for individual patients.

April 2008. NHLBI-supported researchers identify 

gene variants associated with increased susceptibility to 

asthma and reduced lung function in three study populations. Risk for developing asthma is linked to variants in 

a gene called CHI3L1, which can be measured by checking levels of an inherited blood protein that it regulates.

April 8, 2008. Results from the Stop Atherosclerosis 

in Native Diabetic Study (SANDS) show that aggressively lowering cholesterol and blood pressure levels 

below current targets in adults with type 2 diabetes may 

help to prevent, and possibly reverse, hardening of the 

arteries.

April 14, 2008. The NHLBI, along with the NCI and 

National Institute of General Medical Sciences 

(NIGMS), sign a letter of intent with the Center for 

Genomic Medicine in Japan to create a Global Alliance 

for Pharmacogenomics to identify genetic factors that 

contribute to individual responses to medicines, including rare and dangerous side effects. Research results 

will eventually allow physicians to ensure the safety and 

optimize the effectiveness of drugs for each patient.

August 18, 2008. The NHLBI launches an educational Web site, “Children and Clinical Studies,” which 

features documentary videos, text, and graphics designed 

to promote a better understanding of research in children 

for health care professionals and the public.

September 15, 2008. The Surgeon General’s Call to 

Action To Prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary 

Embolism is released. The Call to Action, which urges a 

coordinated, multifaceted plan to reduce the number of 

cases of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism 

nationwide, resulted from a Surgeon General’s Workshop 

on Deep Vein Thrombosis co-sponsored by the NHLBI.

September 25, 2008. Researchers announce that they 

have developed a genetically altered animal model for 

CF that closely matches the characteristics of the disease 

in humans.

October 6, 2008. NIH scientists show that tipifarnib, 

an experimental anticancer drug, can prevent, and even 

reverse, potentially fatal cardiovascular damage in a 

mouse model of progeria (rare genetic disorder that 

causes the most dramatic form of human premature 

aging).

December 15, 2008. The NHLBI expands its openaccess dataset of genetic and clinical data to include 

information collected from three NHLBI-funded asthma 

research networks: ACRN, CAMP, and CARE.

December 19, 2008. Researchers identify a gene that 

directly affects the production of a form of hemoglobin 

that is instrumental in modifying the severity of SCD and 

thalassemia. 

March 29, 2009. Results from the Surgical Treatment 

for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) study show that surgery to reshape the scarred left ventricle, the main pumping chamber of the heart, often performed in conjunction 

with coronary bypass surgery, fails to reduce deaths and 

hospitalizations in heart failure patients and does not 

improve quality of life compared with bypass alone.

June 5, 2009. Results from the Bypass Angioplasty 

Revascularization in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D) study 

in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease indicate that while revascularization can be delayed 

for many patients receiving optimal medical therapy, 

patients with extensive coronary artery disease do better 

with prompt bypass surgery than with medical therapy 

alone.

June 10, 2009. The NHLBI joins with UnitedHealth 

Group’s Chronic Disease Initiative to launch a worldwide network of research and training centers to build 

institutional and community capacity to prevent and control chronic diseases globally.
31

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

4. Disease Statistics

Cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases constitute a large morbidity, mortality, and economic 

burden on individuals, families, and the Nation. 

Common forms are atherosclerosis, hypertension, 

COPD, and blood-clotting disorders—embolisms 

and thromboses. The most serious atherosclerotic 

diseases are CHD, as manifested by heart attack 

and angina pectoris, and cerebrovascular disease, as 

manifested by stroke.

In 2006, cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

accounted for 1,053,000 deaths and 43 percent of 

all deaths in the United States (p. 33). The projected economic cost in 2010 for these diseases is 

expected to be $705 billion, 23 percent of the total 

economic costs of illness, injuries, and death (p. 49). 

Of all diseases, heart disease is the leading cause 

of death, cerebrovascular disease is third (behind 

cancer), and COPD (including asthma) ranks fourth 

(p. 36). Cardiovascular and lung diseases account 

for 3 of the 4 leading causes of death (p. 36) and 

4 of the 10 leading causes of infant death (p. 42). 

Hypertension, heart disease, asthma, and COPD 

are especially prevalent and account for substantial 

morbidity in Americans (p. 45).

The purpose of the biomedical research conducted by the NHLBI is to contribute to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases and sleep disorders. National disease statistics show that by midcentury, morbidity and mortality from these diseases had reached record high 

levels. Since then, however, substantial improvements have been achieved, especially over the past 

40 years, as shown by the significant decline in 

mortality rates. Because many of these diseases 

begin early in life, their early detection and control 

can reduce the risk of disability and can delay death. 

Although important advances have been made in the 

treatment and control of cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases, these diseases continue to be a major 

burden on the Nation.

Mortality statistics in this chapter are for diseases 

or conditions classified as the underlying cause of 

death. Heart failure, however, is never truly an 

underlying cause even though 60,337 deaths in 2006 

were nominally coded to it as the underlying cause. 

Therefore, in this chapter, mortality statistics 

attributed to any mention of heart failure represent 

it as either the underlying cause or a contributing 

cause of death.

The 2006 mortality statistics in this Fact Book 

are final counts. They differ from the 2006 mortality statistics presented in the FY 2008 Fact Book 

because those statistics were preliminary.

Cardiovascular Diseases

• In 2006, CVD caused 831,000 deaths—

34 percent of all deaths (p. 33).

• Heart disease is the leading cause of death; the 

main form, CHD, caused 425,000 deaths in 

2006 (pp. 34, 36).

• The annual number of deaths from CVD 

increased substantially from 1900 to 1970 and 

remains high (p. 35). 

• The death rate (not age-adjusted) for CVD 

increased from 1920 until it peaked in 1968. 

Since then, the trend has been downward. In 

2007, the rate was near the all-time low in 1900 

(p. 35).

• Cerebrovascular disease, the third leading cause 

of death, accounted for 137,000 deaths in 2006 

(pp. 34, 36).

• Heart disease is second only to all cancers 

combined in years of potential life lost (p. 36).

• Heart disease is the leading cause of death in 

blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians, but 

second to cancer in Asians. Stroke ranks as the 

third or fourth leading cause of death in the 

minority groups, except in American Indians, 

where it ranks sixth (p. 36).

• From 1979 to 1993 deaths with heart failure as 

the underlying or contributing cause increased 

23 percent and subsequently remained constant 

to 2006. The increase was a major exception to 

the mortality decline in CVD over the 26-year 

period (p. 37).

• From 1999 to 2006, death rates for CHD and 

stroke declined in men and women of all racial/

ethnic groups. CHD mortality remained highest 

in the black population and lowest in the Asian 

population. Stroke mortality continues to be 

highest in the black population (p. 38).
32

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

• Because of the rapid decline in mortality from CHD 

since the peak in 1968, there were 1,086,000 fewer 

deaths from CHD in 2006 than would have occurred 

if there had been no decline (p. 39). 

• Substantial improvements have been made in the 

treatment of CVD. Since 1975 or 1985, case-fatality 

rates from hospitalized AMI, stroke, heart failure, 

and cardiac dysrhythmia declined appreciably 

(p. 39).

• The decline in CHD mortality began earlier in the 

United States than in most countries and outpaced 

that in most countries until the 1990s (only selected 

countries are shown) (p. 40).

• From 1999 to 2007, the percentage decline in death 

rates for CHD and stroke was slightly greater for 

whites than for blacks (p. 41).

• In 2006, an estimated 81.1 million persons in the 

United States had some form of CVD, 74.5 million 

had hypertension, and 17.6 million had CHD (p. 45).

• Since the 1960s, there has been a substantial reduction in the prevalence of CVD risk factors: hypertension, smoking, and high cholesterol, but not 

overweight. The large decline in prevalence of 

hypertension from 1976–1980 to 1988–1994 was 

followed by a slightly higher prevalence in 

2001–2004 and 2005–2006 (p. 46).

• From 1976–1980 to 2003–2006, the percentage of 

persons with hypertension who were aware of their 

condition, on treatment for it, and having their blood 

pressure under control increased substantially (p. 47).

• A 2003–2006 national survey showed only about 

45 percent of hypertensive patients (systolic BP 

 ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or on antihypertensive medication) had their condition under 

control (p. 47).

• Hospitalization rates for heart failure in those aged 

45 to 64 years increased from 1971 to 1993 and 

remained stable to 2006. Rates for those aged 

65 years and older increased from 1971 to 1998 

and remained relatively stable to 2006.

• The estimated economic cost of CVD for 2010 is 

approximately $503 billion:

– $324 billion in direct health expenditures

– $42 billion in indirect cost of morbidity

– $137 billion in indirect cost of mortality (p. 49).

Lung Diseases

• Lung diseases, excluding lung cancer, caused an 

estimated 225,000 deaths in 2006 (p. 33).

• COPD caused 121,000 deaths in 2006 and is the 

fourth leading cause of death (pp. 34, 36).

• From 1999 to 2007, death rates for COPD and 

asthma decreased in both black and white men and 

women, with one exception: the COPD death rate 

increased slightly in white women (p. 41).

• From 1980 to 2007, infant death rates for 

various lung diseases declined markedly (p. 41).

• Of the 10 leading causes of infant mortality, 4 are 

lung diseases or have a lung disease component 

(p. 42). From 1997 to 2007, changes in 

mortality for the causes were:

– Congenital anomalies (-10 percent)

– Disorders of short gestation (-3 percent)

– Sudden infant death syndrome (-40 percent)

– Respiratory distress syndrome (-45 percent).

• About one in five deaths in children under 1 year of 

age is due to a lung disease (p. 42).

• From 1980 to 2007, the COPD death rate for women 

in the United States increased significantly compared with the rates in several other countries 

(p. 43).

• From 1999 to 2006, death rates for COPD decreased 

slightly for Asian and Hispanic women but were 

stable for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic 

black women. For men, the rates decreased in all 

racial/ethnic groups (p. 44).

• Among the sleep disorders, sleep apnea is increasingly being recognized as an important health problem, which can lead to serious consequences. From 

1990 to 2006, physician office visits for sleep apnea 

increased from 108,000 to 3.1 million (p. 44).

• Asthma is a common chronic condition, particularly 

in children (pp. 45, 46, 48). 

• The economic cost of lung diseases is expected to 

be $186 billion in 2010—$117 billion in direct 

health expenditures and $69 billion in indirect cost 

of morbidity and mortality (p. 49).

Blood Diseases

• An estimated 200,000 deaths, 8 percent of all 

deaths, were attributed to blood diseases in 2006 

(p. 33). These include the following:

– 191,000 due to blood-clotting disorders

– 9,000 to diseases of the red blood cell and bleeding disorders (p. 34).

• A large proportion of deaths from AMI and cerebrovascular disease involve blood-clotting problems 

(p. 34). 

• In 2010, blood-clotting disorders are expected to 

cost the Nation’s economy $117 billion, and other 

blood diseases will cost $16 billion (p. 49).
33

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases, U.S., 2006

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2006

Total Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases 43.4%

Blood**

0.4%

CVD 

34.2%

Lung*

8.8%

CVD*

78.9%

Blood 

0.9%

Lung 

20.2%

* Excludes 12,000 deaths from pulmonary heart disease (0.6%). ** Excludes 191,000 deaths from blood-clotting disorders (8.8%).

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1986 and 2006

1986 2006

Cause of Death

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

All Causes 2,105,000 100 2,426,000 100

All Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases 1,166,000 55 1,053,000 43

Cardiovascular Diseases 979,000 47 831,000 34

Blood 303,000* 14 200,000** 8

Lung 192,000† 9 225,000‡ 9

All Other Causes 939,000 45 1,373,000 57

* Includes 295,000 CVD deaths involving blood-clotting diseases. ** Includes 191,000 CVD deaths involving blood-clotting diseases.

† Includes 13,000 CVD deaths due to pulmonary heart disease.

‡ Includes 12,000 CVD deaths due to pulmonary heart disease.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 

* CVD involving blood clotting (23.0%).

Other 

56.6%
34

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Bleeding 

and Red Cell 

Diseases 

4.5%

Other 

CVD* 

27.8%

Pulmonary 

Embolism 

0.8%

Other 

Atherosclerosis 

3.7%

Other CHD 

34.2%

AMI 

17.0%

Stroke 

16.5% AMI 

48.0% Other 

Atherosclerosis 

1.5%

Stroke 

42.5%

Pulmonary 

Embolism 

3.5%

Pneumonia 

24.8%

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2006

Deaths (Thousands)

Cause of Death Cardiovascular Lung Blood

Acute Myocardial Infarction 141 — 96*

Other Coronary Heart Disease 284 — —

Cerebrovascular Diseases (Stroke) 137 — 85*

Other Atherosclerosis 31 — 3*

Pulmonary Embolism 7 7* 7*

Other Cardiovascular Diseases 231 5* —

Bleeding and Red Blood Cell Diseases — — 9

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease** — 121 —

Asthma — 3 —

Pneumonia — 56 —

Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders — 5 —

Interstitial Lung Diseases — 6 —

Lung Diseases Due to External Agents — 18 —

Other Lung Diseases — 4 —

Total 831 225 200 * Deaths from clotting or pulmonary disorders also are included as cardiovascular deaths. ** This term is preferred to the equivalent term “chronic lower respiratory diseases” given in the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases 

(ICD).

Note: Total, excluding overlap, is 1,054,000.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

* Includes cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertensive disease, and other heart and blood vessel diseases.

Note: Numbers may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.

Source: Estimated by the NHLBI from Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Atherosclerosis-related disease 71.4%

Deaths From Cardiovascular 

Diseases, U.S., 2006

Airway Diseases 

54.9%

Interstitial/ 

Other

12.8%

Neonatal 

2.2%

Pulmonary 

Circulation 

5.3%

Deaths From Lung Diseases, 

U.S., 2006

Deaths From Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 2006

Blood clotting disorders 95.5%
35

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths/100,000 Population

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2007*

* Data for 2007 are preliminary.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates* for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2007**

* Not age-adjusted. ** Data for 2007 are preliminary.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths (Thousands)

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2010

Year

Total CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2010

Year

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

Total CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2010

Year

CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2010

Year

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke
36

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2007*

Cause of Death

1 = Heart Disease**

2 = Cancer

3 = Stroke

4 = COPD†

5 = Accidents

6 = Alzheimer’s Disease

7 = Diabetes

8 = Influenza and Pneumonia

9 = Nephritis

10 = Septicemia 

Deaths/100,000 Population

Years of potential life lost (millions)‡ 3.4 4.9 0.6 0.6 3.2 <0.1 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3

* Data for 2007 are preliminary. ** Includes 133.9 deaths per 100,000 population from CHD.

† COPD and allied conditions (including asthma); the term in the ICD/10 is “chronic lower respiratory diseases.”

‡ Based on the average remaining years of life up to age 77 years.

Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Septicemia

HIV Infection

COPD

Nephritis

Homicide

Diabetes

Accidents

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Perinatal

Pneumonia

COPD 

Homicide

Cirrhosis

Diabetes

Stroke

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Alzheimer's

Suicide

Nephritis

COPD

Pneumonia

Diabetes

Accidents

Stroke

Heart

Cancer

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Pneumonia

Nephritis

Suicide

COPD 

Stroke

Cirrhosis

Diabetes

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2006

* Includes deaths among individuals of Asian extraction and Asian-Pacific Islanders. ** Includes deaths among Aleuts and Eskimos.

Note: Causes of death shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Percent of All Deaths Percent of All Deaths Percent of All Deaths Percent of All Deaths

Cause Black Cause Hispanic Cause Asian Cause * American Indian**

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

250

200

150

100

50

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Heart

Cancer

Stroke

Accidents

Diabetes

Homicide

Nephritis

COPD

HIV Infection

Septicemia

Heart

Cancer

Accidents

Stroke

Diabetes

Cirrhosis

Homicide

COPD

Pneumonia

Perinatal

Cancer

Heart

Stroke

Accidents

Diabetes

Pneumonia

COPD

Nephritis

Suicide

Alzheimer’s

Heart

Cancer

Accidents

Diabetes

Cirrhosis

Stroke

COPD

Suicide

Nephritis

Pneumonia
37

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1963, 1987, 

and 2007*

Deaths/100,000 Population

Percent 

Change 

Percent 

Change

Cause of Death 1963 1987 2007 1963–2007 1987–2007

All Causes 1,346 970 760 -44 -22

Cardiovascular Diseases 805 455 250 -69 -45

Coronary Heart Disease 478 239 125 -74 -48

Stroke 174 75** 42 -76 -45

Other 153 140 84 -45 -40

Noncardiovascular Diseases 541 514 510 -6 -1

COPD and Asthma 16 36† 41 150 13

Other 524 478 469 -11 -2

* Data for 2007 are preliminary. ** Comparability ratio (1.0502) applied.

† Comparability ratio (1.0411) applied.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths Attributed to Heart Failure,* U.S., 1970–2006

* Any mention of heart failure on the death certificate.

Note: Breaks in trend line indicate change in ICD codes.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths (Thousands)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year
38

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

0

20

40

60

80

100

1999200020012002200320042005200619992000200120022003200420052006

Year

Black*

White*

Asian

Hispanic

American Indian

Black*

White*

Asian

Hispanic

American Indian

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1999200020012002200320042005200619992000200120022003200420052006

Year

Black*

White*

Hispanic

American Indian

Asian

1999 2006 1999 2006

Year

100

80

60

40

20

0

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2006

* Non-Hispanic.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths/100,000 Population

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2006

Deaths/100,000 Population

* Non-Hispanic.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Black*

White*

Hispanic

American Indian

Asian

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Male Female

Year

1999 2006 1999 2006

Male Female

Black*

White*

Asian

Hispanic

American Indian
39

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2006

Actual Rate and Expected Rates if Rise Had Continued or Reached a Plateau

700

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

195019541958196219661970197419781982198619901994199820022006

Year

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead From Hospitals, 

U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2006

Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey, NCHS.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Cardiac 

Dysrhythmia 

Pneumonia

Heart Failure

Stroke

AMI

Percent Discharged Dead

1975

1985

2006

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Percent Discharged Dead

1975

1985

2006

AMI

Stroke

Heart Failure

Pneumonia

 Cardiac 

Dysrhythmia

Disease

Deaths/100,000 Population

More Than 1.7 Million Deaths Expected 

in 2006 if Rise Had Continued

1,086,000 Deaths Averted in 2006 Due to 

Decline From Peak Rate in 1968 (1,511,000–425,000)

425,000 Actual Deaths in 2006

1,511,000 Deaths Expected in 2006

if No Decline From Peak Rate

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006

Year
40

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

1970197519801985199019952000200520062007200820092010

Year

Australia

USA**

Finland

England

Poland

France

Japan

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Men, Ages 35–74, in Selected Countries, 1970–2007

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

1970197519801985199019952000200520062007200820092010

Year

Finland

Australia

USA**

England

Poland

France

Japan

Deaths/100,000 Population

* Age adjusted to the European Standard Population. ** 2007 data for the United States are preliminary.

Source: World Heath Statistics Annual, World Health Organization (WHO).

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Women, Ages 35–74, in Selected Countries, 1970–2007

Deaths/100,000 Population

* Age adjusted to the European Standard Population. ** 2007 data for the United States are preliminary.

Source: World Heath Statistics Annual, WHO.

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Finland

Australia

USA**

England

Poland

France

Japan

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

Australia

USA**

Finland

England

Poland

France

Japan

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
41

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Percent Change in Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Selected Causes by Race and Sex, U.S., 

1999–2007*

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

White Men

Black Men

White Women

Black Women

Percent Change

Cause of Death

COPD Asthma CHD Stroke

*

 Data for 2007 are preliminary.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2007*

30

20

10

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

White Men

Black Men

White Women

Black Women

Deaths/100,000 Live Births

0

50

100

150

200

1980198519901995200020052010

Year

Sudden Infant Death 

Syndrome

Respiratory Distress 

Syndrome

Other Neonatal 

Respiratory Disorder 

Hypoxia

Pneumonia

Sudden Infant 

Death Syndrome

Respiratory 

Distress Syndrome

Other Neonatal 

Respiratory Disorder

Hypoxia

Pneumonia

200

150

100

50

0

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

* Data for 2007 are preliminary.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.
42

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Congenital 

Anomalies of the 

CV System 

5.7%

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2007*

0 50 100 150 200

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Bacterial sepsis of newborn

Newborns affected by maternal

complications of pregnancy

Accidents and adverse effects

Disorders relating

to short gestation

Deaths Under Age 1/100,000 Live Births

Percent Change

Cause of Mortality 1997–2007

* Data for 2007 are preliminary. ** Congenital CVD and congenital respiratory diseases accounted for 46.2 deaths under age 1 per 100,000 live births (black bar), which is 35 percent of infant 

deaths due to all congenital anomalies.

† From 1997 to 2007, congenital CVD declined 29 percent; congenital anomalies of the respiratory system declined 46 percent; other congenital anomalies 

increased 11 percent.

NA: Not available.

Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2006

Cause of Death

Deaths 

Under Age 1

All Causes 28,527

Cardiovascular Diseases 2,175

Congenital Anomalies 1,632

Other 543

Lung Diseases 5,077

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 2,323

Respiratory Distress Syndrome 825

Pneumonia 245

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) 225

Atelectasis of Newborn 398

Congenital Anomalies 437

Other Lung Diseases 624

Other Diseases 21,275

Other Diseases 

74.6%

Congenital 

Anomalies of the 

Respiratory 

System

1.5%

Atelectasis and 

Other Lung

Diseases

3.6% BPD 

0.8%

RDS 

2.9%

Pneumonia 

0.9%

SIDS 

8.1%

Other CVD 

1.9%

CVD 7.6%

Lung Diseases 17.8% Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

-10†

-3

-40

22

5

42

-45

NA

16

11

Congenital Anomalies**

Disorders relating

to short gestation

Sudden Infant 

Death Syndrome

Newborns affected by maternal 

complications of pregnancy

Newborns affected by complications 

of placenta, cord, and membrane

Accidents and adverse effects

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Bacterial sepsis of newborn

Neonatal hemorrhage

Necrotizing enterocolitis

0 50 100 150 200

Deaths Under Age 1 per 100,000 Live Births
43

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths/100,000 Population

Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Including Asthma, in Men, Ages 35 and 

Older, in Selected Countries, 1980–2007

* Age adjusted to the European Standard Population. ** 2007 data for the United States are preliminary.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, WHO.

Deaths/100,000 Population

Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Including Asthma, in Women, Ages 35 and 

Older, in Selected Countries, 1980–2007

*

 Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

** 2007 data for the United States are preliminary.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, WHO.

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

19801985199019952000200520062007200820092010

Year

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA**

France

Japan

Finland

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA**

France

Japan

Finland

Year

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

180.0

19801985199019952000200520062007200820092010

Year

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA**

Finland

France

Japan

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA**

Finland

France

Japan

Year

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
44

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1999200020012002200320042005200619992000200120022003200420052006

Year

White**

Black**

Hispanic

Asian

Number of Visits (Millions)

Deaths/100,000 Population

Male Female

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease* by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, 

U.S., 1999–2006

* COPD and allied conditions (including asthma); the term in the ICD/10 is “chronic lower respiratory diseases.” ** Non-Hispanic.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 1990–2006

* Represents the average of 3-year visits around the given year.

Note: Primary and secondary diagnoses.

Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, NCHS.

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1999 2006 1999 2006

Year

White**

Black**

Hispanic

Asian

0

1

2

3

4

5

19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006

3-Year Moving Average

Insomnia

Sleep Apnea

Narcolepsy

5

4

3

2

1

0

Insomnia

Sleep Apnea

Narcolepsy

3-Year Moving Average*

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
45

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2006

Disease Number

Cardiovascular Diseases* 81,100,000

Hypertension** 74,500,000

Coronary Heart Disease 17,600,000

Heart Failure 5,800,000

Stroke 6,400,000

Congenital Heart Disease† 1,000,000

Asthma‡ 24,400,000

COPD§ 24,000,000

* Includes hypertension, CHD, stroke, or heart failure. ** Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication, or being told

twice of having hypertension.

† Range from 650,000 to 1,300,000 (Am Heart J 2004;147:425–439).

‡ 12,200,000 (2008) of these had an asthma attack in the past 12 months.

§ An estimated 12,000,000 diagnosed (2008) and 12,000,000 undiagnosed (2006).

Sources: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of NCHS (2003–2006 data extrapolated to 2006) and National Health Interview Survey 

(NHIS) of NCHS.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases* in Adults by Age and Sex, U.S., 2003–2006

Percent

* Hypertension, CHD, stroke, or heart failure. Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, 

or being on antihypertensive medication.

Source: NHANES, 2003–2006, NCHS.

0

20

40

60

80

100

20–39 40–59 60–79 ≥80

Age (Years)

Male

Female

100

80

60

40

20

0

20–39 40–59 60–79 ≥ 80

Age (Years)

Male

Female
46

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Asthma

Heart Failure

Stroke

COPD

CHD

Hypertension

Stroke

Heart Failure

COPD

Asthma

CHD

Hypertension 

CHD

COPD

Asthma

Hypertension

Asthma

Percent

Percent of Population

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2006

Sources: NHIS and NHANES, NCHS.

Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2006

Notes: Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication. High 

cholesterol is ≥240 mg/dL. Overweight is BMI ≥25 kg/m3. Data were collected at six time periods: 1960–1961 (plotted at 1961), 1971–1974 (plotted at 1972), 

1976–1980 (plotted at 1978), 1988–1994 (plotted at 1991), 1999–2004 (plotted at 2003), and 2005–2006 (plotted at 2006).

Sources: NHIS for smoking, ages ≥18, NCHS; NHANES for the other risk factors, ages 20–74, NCHS.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

196019611962196319641965196619671968196919701971197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010

Year

Overweight

Smoking

Hypertension

High Cholesterol

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

Overweight

Smoking

Hypertension

High Cholesterol

<18 Years

18–44 Years

45–64 Years

>65 Years

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Percent

Asthma

Hypertension

Asthma

COPD

CHD

Hypertension

CHD

Asthma

COPD

Stroke

Heart Failure

Hypertension

CHD

COPD

Stroke

Heart Failure

Asthma

Disease
47

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Awareness Treatment Control

1976–1980

1988–1991

1991–1994

1999–2002

2003-2006

Hypertensive* Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Ages 18 and Older, U.S., 1976–1980 to 

2003–2006

* Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication.

Source: NHANES, NCHS.

Adult Population With Hypertension* by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex, U.S., 2003–2006

* Hypertension is systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication. ** Non-Hispanic.

Source: NHANES, NCHS. 

40–59

18–39

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0

White

Black

Mexican-American

0 20 40 60 80 100

60+

40–59

18–39

Percent of Population

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0

White

Black

Mexican-American

0 20 40 60 80 100

60+

40–59

18–39

Age (Years)

Men Women

White**

Black** 

Mexican-American

18–39

40–59 

60+

100 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100

Percent of Population

1976–1980

1988–1991

1991–1994

1999–2002

2003–2006

Awareness Treatment Control

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Percent of Population With Hypertension
48

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Year

Ages <15 Years

Ages 15–34 Years

Ages ≥35 Years

Hospitalization Rates for Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 and 65 and Older, U.S., 1971–2006

Persons Experiencing Asthma Episodes in Previous 12 Months by Age, U.S., 1997–2008

Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey, NCHS.

Source: NHIS, NCHS.

Hospitalizations/10,000 Population

Percent

0

50

100

150

200

250

19701971197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010

Year

Ages ≥65

Ages 45–64 Years

250

200

150

100

50

0

 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

Ages ≥65 Years

Ages 45–64 Years

Ages <15 Years

Ages 15–34 Years

Ages ≥35 Years

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Year
49

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Morbidity 

10.6%

Mortality 

25.2%

Blood 

0.5%

Cardiovascular

16.2%

Lung 

6.0%

Other 

77.3%

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2010

Amount (Dollars in Billions) Percent Distribution

Indirect Costs Indirect Costs

Direct 

Costs* Morbidity** Mortality† Total

Direct 

Costs Morbidity Mortality Total

Cardiovascular Disease $324.1 $41.7 $137.4 $503.2 14.9% 17.0% 20.2% 16.2%

(Blood Clotting)‡ (76.1) (9.2) (32.0) (117.3) (3.5) (3.7) (4.7) (3.7)

Lung Diseases§ 117.1 32.0 36.6 185.7 5.4 13.1 5.4 6.0

Blood Diseases 11.8 0.7 3.4 15.9 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5

Subtotal 453.0 74.4 177.4 704.8 20.8 30.4 26.1 22.7

Diseases of the Digestive System 227.4 12.6 30.6 270.6 10.4 5.1 4.5 8.7

Neoplasms 102.8 20.9 140.1 263.8 4.7 8.5 20.6 8.5

Mental Disorders 180.8 32.4 12.5 225.7 8.3 13.2 1.8 7.3

Diseases of the Nervous System 157.7 9.6 16.4 183.7 7.2 3.9 2.4 5.9

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal 

System

127.2 25.0 3.5 155.7 5.8 10.2 0.5 5.0

Diseases of the Genitourinary System 95.1 6.0 8.7 109.8 4.4 2.4 1.3 3.5

Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic 

Diseases

87.9 8.0 25.5 121.4 4.0 3.3 3.8 3.9

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 45.1 14.9 29.6 89.6 2.1 6.1 4.4 2.9

Diseases of the Skin 50.6 1.8 0.8 53.2 2.3 0.7 0.1 1.7

Other and Unallocated to Diseases 649.0 39.3 234.2 922.5 29.8 16.0 34.5 29.8

Total 2,176.6 244.9 679.3 3,100.8 100% 100% 100% 100%

* Direct costs are personal health care expenditures for hospital and nursing home care, drugs, home care, and physician and other professional services. The 

estimation method is based on Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) projections for total 2009 health expenditures by type of direct costs and NCHS 

estimates of direct costs in 1995 for each of the major diagnostic groups. The proportion of costs for 1995 for each diagnostic group is applied to the equivalent 

2010 total by type of direct cost.

** Morbidity costs were estimated for 2010 by multiplying NCHS estimates for 1980 by a 1980–2010 percent inflation factor derived from the increase in mean 

earnings estimated by the Bureau of the Census.

† The mortality cost for each disease group was estimated for 2009 by first multiplying the number of deaths in 2006 in each age- and sex-specific group by 

the 2005 present value of lifetime earnings (latest available) discounted at 3 percent; second, summing these estimates for each diagnostic group; and third, 

multiplying the estimates by a 2005–2010 inflation factor (1.194) based on change in mean earnings. 

‡ Costs of blood-clotting disease are estimated from predetermined proportions of CVD morbidity and mortality statistics for MI, cerebrovascular diseases, and 

diseases of arteries.

§ Does not include lung cancer or leukemia.

Note: Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding.

Sources: Estimates by NHLBI; data from the NCHS, the CMS, the Bureau of the Census, and the Institute for Health and Aging, University of California.

Total Economic Costs, U.S., 2010 Economic Costs of Cardiovascular, Lung, and 

Blood Diseases, U.S., 2010

Indirect 35.7%

Direct 

64.3%

51

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

5. Institute-Initiated Programs 

Starting in FY 2009

More than two-thirds of the research supported 

by the NHLBI is initiated by individual investigators; the remainder is initiated by the Institute. 

Institute-initiated programs are developed in 

response to evolving national needs, Congressional 

mandates, and advances in scientific knowledge. 

Each initiative represents the outcome of extensive 

discussions and thorough reviews by representatives 

of the scientific community, Institute advisory committees, the Board of Extramural Experts (BEE), 

and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory 

Council (NHLBAC). The advisory committees and 

the BEE, together with professional societies and 

NHLBI staff, continually review the progress of 

research within the NHLBI program areas, assess 

newly acquired knowledge, and identify research 

topics that offer the best opportunities or constitute 

the greatest needs. This planning process contributes to policy development at the national level by 

setting priorities among programs and establishing 

budgets for individual programs and projects. 

Initiatives generally emanate as Requests for 

Applications (RFAs) for grants, including cooperative agreements, or Requests for Proposals (RFPs) 

for contracts. Other initiatives take the form of 

Program Announcements (PAs). Applications and 

proposals submitted in response to RFAs and RFPs 

compete among themselves for specific “set-aside” 

funds. Applications submitted in response to PAs 

generally compete with other investigator-initiated 

applications for funding. 

RFA, RFP, and PA concepts prepared by the 

Institute are presented to the BEE, which reviews 

and prioritizes them. The concepts, along with the 

comments from the BEE, are then sent to the 

NHLBAC for review, comment, and concurrence. 

Initiatives that receive the concurrence of the 

NHLBAC are considered further by the NHLBI 

Director in the context of the Institute’s budget, program priorities, review workload, and proposed 

mechanisms. These considerations guide the 

Director’s subsequent decisions to approve initiatives for release. RFAs, RFPs, and PAs are 

announced in the NIH Guide to Grants and 

Contracts. 

Applications and proposals submitted in response 

to RFAs and RFPs are reviewed by the NHLBI. 

Applications submitted in response to PAs are 

reviewed by the NIH Center for Scientific Review. 

Descriptions of the Institute-initiated programs 

that began or were renewed (i.e., were funded) in 

FY 2009 are presented below according to NHLBI 

scientific programs. Also described are trans-NIH, 

trans-PHS, and interagency initiatives in which the 

NHLBI participates. 

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 

Initiative Being Renewed

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young 

Adults (CARDIA) Study 

The purpose of this renewal is to conduct the 

Year 25 clinical exam of the CARDIA cohort. The 

study assesses the effect of CVD risk factors and 

lifestyle throughout young adulthood on the development of subclinical vascular and ventricular function abnormalities in early middle age.

New Initiatives

Stress Management Interventions To Reduce Risk 

of Coronary Artery Disease

The purpose of this PA is to determine whether 

stress management interventions can slow the progression of coronary artery disease or reduce major 

adverse cardiac events in patients with confirmed 

coronary artery disease.

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial 

(SPRINT)

The purpose of this RFP is to determine whether 

intensive treatment to achieve a systolic blood pressure goal lower than the one currently recommended 

will reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young 

Adults

The purpose of this RFA is to develop and evaluate innovative behavioral and environmental 
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

approaches for weight control in young adults at high 

risk for weight gain. 

Lung Diseases Program

New Initiatives 

Airway Smooth Muscle Function and Targeted 

Therapeutics in Human Asthma

The purpose of this RFA is to investigate the complex 

role that airway smooth muscle plays in the development of asthma and to use the resultant knowledge to 

identify innovative therapeutic targets. 

Asthma Network (AsthmaNet)

The purpose of this RFA is to conduct Phase II and 

Phase III clinical trials to identify optimal therapies for a 

variety of asthma phenotypes and genotypes among 

individuals of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds.

Circadian-Coupled Cellular Function in Heart, Lung, 

and Blood Tissues

The purpose of this RFA is to stimulate Phase I translation of recent advances in understanding the molecular 

basis of endogenous, self-sustaining daily (circadian) 

cycles in cellular function and gene expression to 

improve understanding of heart, lung, and blood disease 

pathogenesis. 

Developmental Origins of Altered Lung Physiology 

and Immune Function

The purpose of this RFA is to conduct research to 

improve understanding of the effects of pre- and postnatal environments on the developing lung and immune 

system and the resulting sustained changes in lung physiology and immune function that lead to suboptimal 

respiratory health and outcomes. 

Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract 

in HIV‐Infected Individuals and HIV-Uninfected 

Controls

The purpose of this RFA is to characterize the microbiome of the lung in HIV-infected individuals and 

matched HIV-uninfected controls to create a dataset of 

sufficient quality and depth to allow analysis of the 

effects of changes in the respiratory microbiome on 

the pathogenesis and progression of HIV disease, 

HIV‐related respiratory complications, and anti-HIV 

therapies.

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

New Initiatives

Characterizing the Blood Stem Cell Niche

The purpose of this RFA is to advance understanding 

of the blood stem cell niche by defining the role of specific cells and the physiological source of factors or 

extracellular components that are essential for stem cell 

self-renewal and differentiation. 

Immunomodulatory, Inflammatory, and 

Vasoregulatory Properties of Transfused Red Blood 

Cell Units as a Function of Preparation and Storage

The purpose of this RFA is to (a) identify the molecular and cellular changes that occur during red blood cell 

unit preparation and storage and (b) evaluate immunomodulatory, inflammatory, and vasoregulatory effects of 

storage lesion elements from red blood cell units on the 

blood vessel wall, host cells, and tissue oxygenation.

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) With Transfusions 

Changing to Hydroxyurea (TWITCH Trial)

The purpose of this RFA is to compare standard therapy (transfusion) to alternative therapy (hydroxyurea) 

for maintenance of TCD velocities in children with 

sickle cell anemia who have been receiving chronic 

transfusions for abnormal TCD velocities. Additional 

objectives include comparison of standard to alternative 

therapy for incidence of primary stroke, determination 

of the frequency of nonstroke neurological events and 

other sickle cell-related events, management of iron 

overload, assessment of growth and development, 

recording of adverse events, and measurement of quality 

of life.

Trans-NHLBI

Initiative Being Renewed

Ancillary Studies in Clinical Trials 

The purpose of this renewal is to conduct timesensitive ancillary studies related to heart, lung, and 

blood diseases using patient cohorts, data, and biological 

materials from ongoing clinical trials. 

New Initiatives

Global Health Centers of Excellence

The purpose of this initiative is to establish a worldwide network of research and training Centers of 
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

Excellence to build institutional and community capacity to prevent and control chronic cardiovascular and 

lung diseases. Each Center will be led by a research 

institution in a developing country that is paired with at 

least one partnering academic institution in a developed 

country.

NHLBI Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium 

The purpose of this RFA is to establish virtual 

research hubs (clusters of synergistic research projects) 

to identify and characterize progenitor cell lineages, 

direct differentiation of stem and progenitor cells to 

desired cell fates, and develop new strategies to address 

the unique challenges presented by their transplantation.

Trans-NIH

Initiatives Being Renewed

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—

Phase II

The purpose of this renewal is to continue following 

cohort patients in the original Diabetes Prevention 

Program (DPP) to determine the long-term effects of the 

DPP interventions. The DPP was a clinical trial that 

examined the efficacy of treatments to prevent or delay 

the development of type 2 diabetes in a population at 

high risk because of impaired glucose tolerance.

Dissemination and Implementation Research in 

Health

The purpose of this PA is to identify and develop 

effective methods, structures, and strategies that test 

models to disseminate and implement, in public health 

and clinical practice settings, research-tested interventions for changing health behavior and evidence-based 

services for improving prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life.

Effect of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination/Bias on 

Health Care Delivery

The objectives of this renewal are to improve the 

measurement of racial/ethnic discrimination in health 

care delivery systems in the United States, enhance 

understanding of the influence of such discrimination 

and its association with health disparities among disadvantaged racial/ethnic minority groups, and reduce the 

prevalence of such health disparities by developing 

interventions to reduce the influence of racial/ethnic discrimination in the delivery of health care.

Mentored Career Development Award To Promote 

Faculty Diversity/Re-Entry in Biomedical Research

The purpose of this renewal is to provide an intensive, mentored research experience to individuals who 

either (a) are members of groups that are currently 

underrepresented on faculty at academic institutions in 

health-related research or (b) left a health-related postdoctoral or faculty position because of nonacademic 

issues but are interested in re-entry. 

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research

The purpose of this renewal is to enable midcareer 

clinician scientists to devote more time to, and augment 

their capabilities in, patient-oriented research and to 

mentor new clinical investigators in the conduct of 

patient-oriented research.

Minority Institutional Research Training Program

The purpose of this renewal is to support research 

training of health professional students for careers in 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders at minority schools. Trainees will be selected 

by the institution and will include racial and ethnic 

minorities, individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds, 

individuals with disabilities, and women. 

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Biology and 

Medicine

The purpose of this renewal is to stimulate nanoscience and nanotechnology research that focuses on 

problems in biology and medicine.

New Initiatives

Epigenomics of Human Health and Disease

The purpose of this RFA is to discover and define 

global (epigenome-wide) marks or features and their 

possible interactions in diseased, aged, or otherwise 

compromised human primary cells or tissues. The goal 

is to transform our understanding of human disease, 

aging, or response to insult by correlating changes in the 

epigenome with an altered cellular state. 

Exploratory Studies in the Neurobiology of Pain in 

Sickle Cell Disease

The purpose of this RFA is to conduct basic and translational research into the neurobiology of pain in sickle 

cell disease.
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell (hPSC) Research Using 

Non-Embryonic Sources

The purpose of this PA, which addresses Executive 

Order 13435 issued by President George W. Bush on 

June 20, 2007, is to conduct research on hPSCs derived 

from non-embryonic sources.

Improving Heart Failure Disease Management

The purpose of this PA is to address inadequately 

answered questions about the management of chronic 

heart failure in clinical practice. The broader goal is to 

identify and disseminate into clinical practice clinically 

effective disease management tools to improve patient 

outcomes. 

Innovative Computational and Statistical 

Methodologies for the Design and Analysis of 

Multilevel Studies on Childhood Obesity

The purpose of this RFA is to develop and apply 

innovative statistical or computational methods to the 

analysis or design of multilevel studies of childhood 

obesity (i.e., studies that address the range of factors—

biological, family, community, sociocultural, environmental, policy, and macro-level economic—that 

influence diet and physical activity in children). The 

focus is on methods that can simultaneously examine 

factors of energy balance that span more than three 

levels of influence in children.

Predictive Multiscale Models of the Physiome in 

Health and Disease

The purpose of this PA is to develop more realistic 

and predictive multiscale models of health and disease 

states that include higher scales of the physiome: multicell systems, tissue, organ, multiorgan systems, organism structure and function, population, and behavior. 

Research on Causal Factors and Interventions That 

Promote and Support the Careers of Women in 

Biomedical and Behavioral Science and Engineering

The purpose of this RFA is to study (a) the causal factors that explain current patterns observed in the careers 

of women in biomedical and behavioral science and 

engineering and (b) the efficacy of programs designed to 

support the careers of women in these disciplines.

Summer Institute for Training in Biostatistics

The purpose of this RFA is to develop, conduct, and 

evaluate summer courses for advanced undergraduate 

and beginning graduate students in the basic principles 

and methods of biostatistics as used in biomedical 

research. 

Translating Basic Behavioral and Social Science 

Discoveries Into Interventions To Reduce Obesity

The purpose of this RFA is to translate findings from 

basic research on human behavior into more effective 

clinical, community, and population interventions to 

reduce obesity and improve obesity-related behaviors.

Trans-PHS

Initiatives Being Renewed

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 

(NHANES)—Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Sleep 

Components

The purpose of this renewal is to continue collaboration with the National Health and Nutrition Examination 

Survey to collect data on the prevalence of and risk 

factors for heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders.

Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards 

for Individual Predoctoral Fellowships To Promote 

Diversity in Health-Related Research

The purpose of this renewal is to improve the diversity of the health-related research workforce by supporting the training of predoctoral students from groups that 

are underrepresented in health-related research.

Understanding and Promoting Health Literacy

The purpose of this renewal is to support empirical 

research on health literacy concepts, theory, and interventions as they relate to public health priorities of the 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

New Initiative

Behavioral and Social Science Research on 

Understanding and Reducing Health Disparities

The purpose of this PA is to (a) conduct behavioral 

and social science research on the causes of disparities 

in health and disability among various populations in the 

United States and (b) develop and test more effective 

interventions for reducing and eventually eliminating 

health disparities. 
55

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

Interagency

New Initiatives

NHLBI Cardiac Development Consortium

The purpose of this RFA is to conduct basic collaborative research leading to a comprehensive understanding 

of the regulatory networks controlling cardiovascular 

development. The Consortium is part of a new NHLBI 

translational program in pediatric CVD, which includes 

the companion NHLBI Pediatric Cardiac Genomics 

Consortium, an Administrative Coordinating Center, and 

the existing Pediatric Heart Network. The NHLBI and 

the Canadian Institutes of Health Research are collaborating on the program.

NHLBI–CDC Registry and Surveillance System 

in Hemoglobinopathies (RuSH)

The purpose of this RFP is to develop and implement 

a national data system and biospecimen repository that 

will provide data to describe the epidemiologic and 

clinical characteristics of people with all genotypes of 

SCD, thalassemias, and other hemoglobinopathies. The 

system will collect, analyze, interpret, and disseminate 

state-specific data on the epidemiology, clinical correlates, health care utilization, and community resources 

of patients with these conditions. 

NHLBI Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium

The purpose of this RFA is to conduct clinical and 

translational research on the genetic causes of congenital 

heart disease and genetic contributions to outcome in 

individuals with congenital heart disease. The 

Consortium is part of a new NHLBI translational program in pediatric CVD. The NHLBI and the Canadian 

Institutes of Health Research are collaborating on the 

program.

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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

Structure

Chair: Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D., Director, 

NHLBI

Executive Secretary: Stephen C. Mockrin, 

Ph.D., Director, Division of Extramural Research 

Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, 

Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0260 

The Secretary of HHS appoints 18 members: 

12 members are leading representatives of the health 

and scientific disciplines (including public health 

and behavioral or social sciences), and 6 are from 

the general public and are leaders in the fields of 

public policy, law, health policy, economics, and 

management. 

Members are appointed for overlapping terms of 

4 years. 

The Council includes the following ex officio 

members: 

• Secretary, HHS 

• Director, NIH 

• Director, NHLBI 

• Chief Medical Director, or Designee, 

Veterans Affairs 

• Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health 

Affairs, or Designee. 

Functions

The NHLBAC reviews applications for research 

grants, cooperative agreements, and training 

grants in heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood 

diseases; sleep disorders; and blood resources, and 

recommends scientific projects that merit support to 

the Director, NHLBI. 

The Council advises the Secretary, HHS; the 

Assistant Secretary for Health, HHS; and the Directors, NIH and NHLBI on matters relating to causes, 

prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases 

and resources within the purview of the Institute. 

The Council also may review any grant, contract, 

or cooperative agreement proposed to be made or 

entered into by the Institute; may make recommendations to the Director of the Institute respecting 

research conducted at the Institute; may collect, by 

correspondence or by personal investigation, information as to studies that are being carried on in the 

United States or any other country with respect to 

the cause, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of 

heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases, and to 

the use of blood and blood products and the management of blood resources and, with the approval 

of the Director of the Institute, make available 

such information through appropriate publications 

for the benefit of public and private health entities 

and health professions personnel and scientists and 

for the information of the general public; and may 

assemble ad hoc working groups, appoint subcommittees, and convene workshops and conferences.

The Council may also make recommendations 

to the Director, NIH and other authorized officials 

regarding the acceptance of conditional gifts pursuant to section 231 of the Public Health Service Act, 

as amended. 

Meetings 

The Chair convenes meetings not fewer than four 

times a year and approves the agenda. 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D. 

Chair 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Jeanine Arden Ornt, J.D. (2010)

Case Western Reserve University

C. Noel Bairey Merz, M.D. (2011)

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Ingrid B. Borercki, Ph.D. (2012)

Washington University in St. Louis

Barry S. Coller, M.D. (2012)

The Rockefeller University

Shaun R. Coughlin, M.D., Ph.D. (2010)

University of California, San Francisco

Victor J. Dzau, M.D. (2009)

Duke University

Jack A. Elias, M.D. (2012)

Yale University School of Medicine

Joe G. N. Garcia, M.D. (2010)

University of Chicago

Helen H. Hobbs, M.D. (2009)

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Beverly W. Hogan (2012)

Tougaloo College

Jennie R. Joe, Ph.D. (2009)

University of Arizona

Joseph Loscalzo, M.D., Ph.D. (2009)

Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Andrew R. Marks, M.D. (2011)

Columbia University

S. K. Rao Musunuru, M.D. (2009)

Bayonet Point/Hudson Cardiology Associates

Michael S. Parmacek, M.D. (2012)

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Paula Y. Polite (2010)

Division of General Services, Memphis

Marlene Rabinovitch, M.D. (2011)

Stanford University

Steven D. Shapiro, M.D. (2010)

University of Pittsburgh

Ex Officio Members

Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.

National Institutes of Health

William H. Dietz, M.D., Ph.D.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Robert L. Jesse, M.D., Ph.D.

McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Cdr. Richard T. Mahon, M.D.

Naval Medical Research Center

Kathleen Sebelius, M.P.A.

Department of Health and Human Services

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council Membership* 

* Current as of October 2009. The current roster, containing full addresses for the NHLBI Advisory Council and Committees, can be obtained 

from the Internet at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/nhlbac/roster.htm.
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee 

Chair: Vacant

Executive Secretary: W. Keith Hoots, M.D., 

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–435–0080 

The Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee advises 

the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HHS and the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the 

DBDR on matters related to the Sickle Cell Disease 

Program and makes recommendations concerning planning, execution, and evaluation of all aspects of the 

program. 

Membership* 

Michael A. Bender, M.D., Ph.D. (2010)

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Punam Malik, M.D. (2010)

Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Susan P. Perrine, M.D. (2011)

Boston University

Yogen Saunthararajah, M.D. (2011)

Cleveland Clinic

Wally R. Smith, M.D. (2011)

Virginia Commonwealth University

Ex Officio Members 

Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.

National Institutes of Health

Joseph Desimone, Ph.D. 

Department of Veterans Affairs, Chicago

Marie Y. Mann, M.D. 

Health Resources and Services Administration

David E. McCune, M.D.

Madigan Army Medical Center

Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board 

Chair: Vacant 

Executive Secretary: Michael J. Twery, Ph.D., 

Director, National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, 

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 

20892; 301–435–0202.

The Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board 

advises the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the 

NCSDR on matters related to the scientific activities carried out by and through the Center and policies 

regarding such activities, including the identification of 

research priorities for coordination of sleep and sleep 

disorders research by the NIH and other Federal, professional, and voluntary organizations. 

Membership* 

Sonia Ancoli-Israel, Ph.D. (2010)

University of California, San Diego School of Medicine

Rose A. Austin (2011)

SSM Healthcare

Karen M. Cushing (2011)

American Insomnia Association

Charles A. Czeisler M.D., Ph.D. (2011)

Harvard Medical School

Estelle B. Gauda, M.D. (2010)

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

F. Javier Nieto, M.D., Ph.D. (2010)

University of Wisconsin School of Medicine

Robert H. Waterman (2011)

The Waterman Group

* Current as of October 2009.

Program Advisory and Review Committee 
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Ex Officio Members 

Thomas J. Balkin, Ph.D.

Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.

National Institutes of Health

Robert W. Greene, M.D., Ph.D.

Veterans Administration, North Texas Medical Center 

Merrill M. Mitler, Ph.D.

NINDS, National Institutes of Health

Andrew Monjan, Ph.D.

NIA, National Institutes of Health

Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D.

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health

Michael J. Twery, Ph.D.

NCSDR, National Institutes of Health

Marian Willinger, Ph.D.

NICHD, National Institutes of Health

Heart, Lung, and Blood Initial Review Group 

Scientific Review Officer: Jeffery H. Hurst, Ph.D., 

Health Science Administrator, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0303 

The Heart, Lung, and Blood Initial Review Group 

provides initial technical merit review for the NHLBAC 

and the Director, NHLBI. This group consists of three 

subcommittees: the Heart, Lung, and Blood Program 

Project Review Committee; the Clinical Trials Review 

Committee; and the NHLBI Institutional Training 

Mechanism Review Committee. 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project 

Review Committee 

Chair: Ann Marie Schmidt, M.D., 

Columbia University

Scientific Review Officer: Jeffery H. Hurst, Ph.D., 

Health Scientist Administrator, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0303 

The Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review 

Committee provides initial technical merit review for 

the NHLBAC and the Director, NHLBI on program 

project applications proposing research in the areas of 

heart, lung, and blood diseases and resources. 

Membership* 

David Atkinson, Ph.D. (2012)

Boston University School of Medicine

Karen E. Bornfeldt, Ph.D. (2011)

University of Washington

Peng-Sheng Chen, M.D. (2010)

Indiana University School of Medicine

Samuel Hawgood, M.D. (2010)

University of California, San Francisco

Catherine C. Hedrick, Ph.D. (2011)

University of Virginia

Nigel Mackman, Ph.D. (2013)

University of North Carolina

Catherine S. Manno, M.D. (2013)

New York University

Fernando D. Martinez, M.D. (2013)

University of Arizona

Christine S. Moravec, Ph.D. (2012)

Cleveland Clinic Foundation

David J. Pinsky, M.D. (2012)

University of Michigan

Nanduri R. Prabhakar, Ph.D. (2012)

University of Chicago

Frank C. Sciurba, M.D. (2013)

University of Pittsburgh

* Current as of October 2009.
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Curt D. Sigmund, Ph.D. (2011)

University of Iowa

Nancy Speck, Ph.D. (2013)

University of Pennsylvania

Arun Srivastava, Ph.D. (2011)

University of Florida

Robert A. Wise, M.D. (2010)

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Katherine E. Yutzey, Ph.D. (2010)

Children’s Hospital Research Foundation 

Clinical Trials Review Committee 

Chair: John J. Reilly, M.D., University of Pittsburgh

Scientific Review Officer: Keary A. Cope, Ph.D., 

Health Science Administrator, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–2222 

The Clinical Trials Review Committee provides initial technical merit review for the NHLBAC and the 

Director of the NHLBI on clinical trial applications for 

the support of studies to evaluate preventive or therapeutic measures of blood, cardiovascular, or lung diseases. 

Membership* 

Walter T. Ambrosius, Ph.D. (2010)

Wake Forest University

Carlos Arturo Camargo, Jr., M.D., Dr.P.H. (2012)

Massachusetts General Hospital

Ivan Chan, Ph.D. (2010)

Merck Research Laboratories

Mark D. Eisner, M.D. (2013)

University of California, San Francisco

Scott S. Emerson, M.D., Ph.D. (2011)

University of Washington

Kenneth E. Freedland, Ph.D. (2011)

Washington University School of Medicine

Robert A. Harrington, M.D. (2010)

Duke School of Medicine

Wendy J. Mack, Ph.D. (2011)

University of Southern California

Karen L. Margolis, M.D. (2011)

Health Partners Research Foundation

Lori J. Mosca, M.D., Ph.D. (2013)

Columbia University Medical Center

Pamela Ouyang, M.D. (2010)

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Arshed A. Quyyumi, M.D. (2013)

Emory University School of Medicine

Margaret M. Redfield, M.D. (2013)

Mayo Clinic

Amy Dana Shapiro, M.D. (2012)

Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Inc.

Stanley J. Szefler, M.D. (2012)

National Jewish Health Medical & Research Center

NHLBI Institutional Training Mechanism 

Review Committee

Chair: William C. Balke, M.D., University of 

Kentucky

Scientific Review Officer: Charles Joyce, Ph.D., 

Health Science Administrator, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0291

The NHLBI Institutional Training Mechanism 

Review Committee provides initial technical merit 

review for the NHLBAC and the Director of the NHLBI 

on training applications that provide predoctoral, postdoctoral, and short-term research training at academic 

institutions.

* Current as of October 2009.
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Membership*

Janis L. Abkowitz, M.D. (2013)

University of Washington Medical Center

Ifeanyi J. Arinze, Ph.D. (2012)

Meharry Medical College

Meredith Bond, Ph.D. (2013)

University of Maryland School of Medicine

Linda J. Burns, M.D. (2011)

University of Minnesota

David M. Center, M.D. (2011)

Boston University Medical Campus

David M. Guidot, M.D. (2010)

Emory University

Carlton A. Hornung, Ph.D. (2010)

University of Louisville

Gary W. Hunninghake, M.D. (2013)

University of Iowa

Craig K. Kent, M.D. (2010)

Weill Medical College of Cornell University

Kirk U. Knowlton, M.D. (2013)

University of California, San Diego

Alice H. Lichtenstein, D.S.C. (2013)

Tufts University

Bertram H. Lubin, M.D. (2010)

Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute

Russell V. Luepker, M.D. (2012)

University of Minnesota

Jonathan C. Makielski, M.D. (2012)

University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics

Josef T. Prchal, M.D. (2012)

University of Utah

Sharon Rounds, M.D. (2010)

Brown University

* Current as of October 2009.

Robin Shandas, Ph.D. (2012)

University of Colorado Health Sciences Center

Sanjeev G. Shroff, Ph.D. (2010)

University of Pittsburgh

Brian Smith, M.D. (2011)

Yale University School of Medicine

Mary I. Townsley, Ph.D. (2012)

University of South Alabama

Donna H. Wang, M.D. (2011)

Michigan State University

Scott T. Weiss, M.D. (2011)

Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Reen Wu, Ph.D. (2011)

University of California at Davis

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Special Emphasis Panel 

The Institute has established the NHLBI Special 

Emphasis Panel (SEP) to perform initial peer review of 

applications and proposals that were previously handled 

by ad hoc committees. Concept review, previously 

handled by divisional program advisory committees, has 

also been incorporated into the SEP system. The SEP, 

which has neither a fixed membership nor a set meeting 

schedule, is constituted to provide required peer review 

expertise at precisely the time that it is needed. 

Board of Scientific Counselors 

Chair: Gary K. Owens, M.D., Ph.D., University of 

Virginia School of Medicine

Executive Secretary: Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D., 

Director, Laboratory Research Program, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–496–2116 
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

The Board of Scientific Counselors advises the 

Director and the Deputy Director for Intramural 

Research, NIH, and the Directors of NHLBI and the 

Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, on the 

intramural research programs of the NHLBI. 

Membership* 

Stephen Black, Ph.D. (2011)

Medical College of Georgia

Kenneth R. Chien, M.D., Ph.D. (2012)

Harvard University

Michael I. Kotlikoff, V.M.D., Ph.D. (2013)

Cornell University

Aldons Jake Lusis, Ph.D. (2013)

University of California, Los Angeles

Elizabeth M. McNally, M.D., Ph.D. (2010)

University of Chicago

* Current as of October 2009.

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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

Lung 

Diseases 

23.1%

Prevention 

and Population 

Sciences 

13.3%

Heart and 

Vascular 

Diseases* 

61.0%

Lung 

Diseases 

23.1%

Blood 

Diseases 

and Resources 

15.9%

7. Fiscal Year 2009 Budget Overview

NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2009

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars* 

(Thousands)

Percent of Total 

NHLBI Budget

Research Project Grants** $2,039,861 67.7%

SCORs/SCCORs 73,331 2.4

Sickle Cell Centers 13,567 0.5

Centers for AIDS Research 3,254 0.1

Other Research Grants 131,001 4.3

Research Careers Programs† 84,647 2.8

Training Programs 96,578 3.2

Research and Development Contracts 361,098 12.0

Intramural Laboratory and Clinical Research 181,734 6.1

Research Management and Support‡ 114,128 3.8

Total Obligations $3,014,552 100.0%

* Excludes funds provided by other Agencies by means of a reimbursable agreement. ** Includes $76,341 for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants/Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Grants.

† Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

‡ Excludes OD and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.

NHLBI Extramural 

Obligations by Division

NHLBI Extramural 

Obligations by Program

For detailed data on FY 2009:

• Research grants, see Chapters 9 and 11.

• Research and development contracts, see Chapters 10 and 11.

• Research training and career development, see Chapter 13.

• Geographic distribution of awards, see Chapter 14.

Heart and 

Vascular 

Diseases* 

55.0%

Research 

Management 

Support 

3.8%

Blood 

Diseases 

and Resources 

14.3%

Lung 

Diseases 

20.8% Intramural 

Laboratory and 

Clinical Research 

6.0%

Blood Diseases 

and Resources 

15.9%

Cardiovascular 

Diseases 

47.7%

* Includes Cardiovascular Diseases and Prevention and Population Sciences.

NHLBI Total Obligations 

by Budget Category
66

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2009

Program

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of NHLBI 

Extramural Budget

Heart and Vascular Diseases* $1,659,109 61.0%

Lung Diseases 627,848 23.1

Blood Diseases and Resources 431,733 15.9

Total, Extramural Obligations $2,718,690 100%

* Includes Cardiovascular Diseases and Prevention and Population Sciences.

NHLBI Cardiovascular Diseases Program* 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2009

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $1,064,115 82.1%

SCORs/SCCORs 28,806 2.2

Other Research Grants 49,130 3.8

Research Career Programs** 34,659 2.7

Training Programs 46,665 3.6

Research and Development Contracts 107,676 8.3

Total, Cardiovascular Diseases $1,296,392 100%

* Includes Cardiovascular Diseases only. ** Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

NHLBI Prevention and Population Sciences Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2009

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $187,013 51.6%

SCORs/SCCORs — —

Other Research Grants 11,743 3.2

Research Career Programs* 6,368 1.8

Training Programs 8,063 2.2

Research and Development Contracts 155,898 43.0

Total, Prevention and Population Sciences $362,717 100%

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

NHLBI Lung Diseases Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2009

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $478,154 76.2%

SCORs/SCCORs 26,336 4.2

Other Research Grants 51,724 8.2

Research Career Programs* 28,689 4.6

Training Programs 25,100 4.0

Research and Development Contracts 46,534 7.4

Total, Lung Diseases $627,848 100%

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2009

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $310,580 71.9%

SCORs/SCCORs 18,190 4.2

Sickle Cell Centers 13,567 3.1

Centers for AIDS Research 3,254 0.8

Other Research Grants 18,403 4.3

Research Career Programs* 14,931 3.5

Training Programs 16,749 3.9

Research and Development Contracts 50,990 11.8

Total, Blood Diseases and Resources $431,733 100%

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

69

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

8. Long-Term Trends

A TQ=Transition Quarter, July 1–September 30, 1976.

B Senate Allowance reflects the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission 

and the HHS rescission.

C Obligations reflect the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission, the 

HHS rescission, and a transfer to other NIH Institutes through the NIH Director’s 

1 percent transfer authority.

D Excludes funds for AIDS research activities consolidated in the NIH Office of 

AIDS Research (OAR).

E Excludes enacted administrative reduction.

F Excludes Director transfer, Secretary transfer, and rescission.

G Includes Bioterrorism reduction.

H Excludes Office of Human Research Protection transfer, Secretary 

transfer, and rescission.

I Excludes Government-wide rescission, Labor/HHS/Education rescission, from 

HHS to OMB rescission, and Secretary 1 percent transfer.

J Excludes Government-wide rescission.

K Includes Roadmap adjustments.

L Includes Roadmap Transfer and Government-wide rescission.

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2009

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal 

Year

Budget Estimate 

to Congress

House 

Allowance

Senate 

Allowance Appropriation Obligations

Cumulative Fiscal 

Year Obligations

1950 $ 34,630 $ 11,575 $ 29,117 $ 16,075 $

 15,768 $ 15,768

1951 8,800 8,800 9,400 9,400 8,497 24,265

1952 10,237 10,074 10,156 10,083 9,850 34,115

1953 9,779 9,623 12,000 12,000 11,398 45,513

1954 11,040 12,000 15,418 15,168 14,952 60,465

1955 14,570 16,168 17,168 16,668 16,595 77,060

1956 17,454 17,398 23,976 18,808 18,838 95,898

1957 22,106 25,106 33,396 33,396 32,392 128,290

1958 33,436 33,436 38,784 35,936 35,973 164,263

1959 34,820 36,212 49,529 45,613 45,468 209,731

1960 45,594 52,744 89,500 62,237 61,565 271,296

1961 63,162 71,762 125,166 86,900 86,239 357,535

1962 97,073 105,723 160,000 132,912 110,849 468,384

1963 126,898 143,398 149,498 147,398 120,597 588,981

1964 130,108 129,325 130,545 132,404 117,551 706,532

1965 125,640 124,521 125,171 124,824 124,412 830,944

1966 141,412 146,212 143,462 141,462 141,171 972,115

1967 148,407 154,770 164,770 164,770 164,342 1,136,457

1968 167,954 167,954 177,954 167,954 162,134 1,298,591

1969 169,735 164,120 172,120 166,928 161,834 1,460,425

1970 160,513 160,513 182,000 171,257 160,433 1,620,858

1971 171,747 178,479 203,479 194,901 194,826 1,815,684

1972 195,492 211,624 252,590 232,627 232,577 2,048,261

1973 255,280 300,000 350,000 300,000 255,722 2,303,983

1974 265,000 281,415 320,000 302,915 327,270 2,631,253

1975 309,299 321,196 330,000 327,996 327,953 2,959,206

1976 324,934 329,079 379,059 370,096 368,648 3,327,854

TQA 59,715 58,015 58,015 58,763 60,639 3,388,493

1977 342,855 380,661 420,661 396,661 396,857 3,785,350

1978 403,642 432,642 456,000 447,901 447,968 4,233,318

1979 454,336 485,584 485,584 510,134 510,080 4,743,398

1980 507,344 527,544 527,544 527,544 527,248 5,270,646

1981 532,799 560,264 565,264 549,693 550,072 5,820,718

1982 579,602 583,831 587,741 559,637 559,800 6,380,518

1983 577,143 620,947 624,542 624,259 624,260 7,004,778

1984 639,774 665,859 683,489 704,939 705,064 7,709,842

1985 718,852 764,135 807,149 805,269 803,810 8,513,652

1986 775,254 856,388 863,652 859,239 821,901 9,335,553

1987 785,697 921,410 921,502 930,001 929,982 10,265,535

1988 821,887 990,808 1,000,349 965,536 965,283 11,230,818

1989 1,054,503 1,018,983 1,056,003 1,045,985 1,045,508 12,276,326

1990 1,039,846 1,090,930 1,091,597 1,072,354 1,070,683 13,347,009

1991 1,112,502 1,135,589 1,137,235 1,126,942 1,125,915 14,472,924

1992 1,209,924 1,202,398 1,190,396 1,191,500 1,190,070 15,662,994

1993 1,245,396 1,228,455 1,228,455 1,214,693 1,214,693 16,877,687

1994 1,198,402 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,852 18,155,539

1995 1,266,961 1,259,590 1,259,590 1,258,472 1,314,969 19,470,508

1996 1,337,021 1,355,866 1,320,254B 1,355,866 1,351,422C 20,821,930

1997 1,320,555D 1,438,265 1,344,742D 1,432,529E 1,431,821 22,253,751

1998 1,467,189 1,513,004 1,531,898 1,531,061F 1,526,276 23,780,027

1999 1,709,328G 1,720,344 1,793,697 1,793,697F 1,788,008 25,568,035

2000 1,759,806 1,937,404 2,001,185 2,040,291F 2,027,286 27,595,321

2001 2,069,582 2,328,102 2,328,105 2,299,866H 2,298,035 29,893,356

2002 2,567,429 2,547,675 2,618,966 2,576,125I 2,569,794 32,463,150

2003 2,791,411 2,812,011 2,818,684 2,812,011J 2,793,681 35,256,831

2004 2,867,995 2,867,995 2,897,595 2,882,715K 2,882,601 38,139,432

2005 2,963,953 2,963,953 2,985,900 2,965,453 2,922,573L 41,062,005

2006 2,951,270 2,951,270 3,023,381 2,951,270J 2,893,527 43,955,532

2007

2008

2009

2,901,012

2,894,341

2,924,942

2,901,012

2,965,775

3,025,500

2,924,299

2,992,197

3,006,344

2,921,757

2,974,900E

3,015,689

2,922,322L

2,937,333

3,014,552

46,877,854

49,815,187

52,829,739
70

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management

and Support

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Current Dollars

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1999–2009*

Constant 1999 Dollars

Current Dollars (Millions)

Constant 1999 Dollars (Millions)

Note: Beginning in 2007, the WHI funds are included in the “Heart” category and the Sleep Disorders Research funds are included in the “Lung” category. 

Previously they were reported separately.

* This chart is based on the Biomedical Research & Development Price Index through 2009.

Note: Beginning in 2007, the WHI funds are included in the “Heart” category and the Sleep Disorders Research funds are included in the “Lung” category. 

Previously they were reported separately.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management

and Support

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management 

and Support

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management 

and Support

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year
71

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Current Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Extramural Research

 Heart $ 961.1 $1,115.7 $1,245.8 $1,412.4 $1,538.8 $1,604.7 $1,599.6 $1,582.7 $1,624.9 $1,652.2 $1,659.2

 Lung 377.4 415.5 481.0 535.2 590.5 596.0 628.2 610.3 597.6 572.2 627.8

 Blood 266.1 305.9 364.0 396.0 419.3 429.2 439.5 434.9 429.7 426.2 431.7

Intramural Research 119.5 122.3 133.7 146.7 157.8 164.2 166.3 168.3 169.5 177.5 181.7

Research Management 

and Support

63.9 67.9 73.5 79.4 87.3 88.5 89.0 97.2 100.6 109.2 114.1

Total $1,788.0 $2,027.3 $2,298.0 $2,569.7 $2,793.7 $2,882.6 $2,922.6 $2,893.4 $2,922.3 $2,937.3 $3,014.5

Note: From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Heart” line. The Sleep Disorders Research was 

reported separately from 1996 to 2006. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Lung” line.

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Constant 1999 Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Extramural Research

 Heart $961.1 $1,075.9 $1,162.1 $1,275.9 $1,342.8 $1,349.6 $1,295.2 $1,225.0 $1,211.7 $1,179.3 $1,184.3

 Lung 377.4 400.7 448.7 483.5 515.3 501.3 508.7 472.4 445.6 408.4 448.1

 Blood 266.1 295.0 339.6 357.7 365.9 361.0 355.9 336.6 320.4 304.2 308.2

Intramural Research 119.5 117.9 124.7 132.5 137.7 138.1 134.7 130.3 126.4 126.7 129.7

Research Management 

and Support

63.9 65.5 68.6 71.7 76.2 74.4 72.1 75.2 75.0 77.9 81.4

Total $1,788.0 $1,955.0 $2,143.7 $2,321.3 $2,437.8 $2,424.4 $2,366.5 $2,239.5 $2,179.2 $2,096.6 $2,151.7

* This chart is based on the Biomedical Research & Development Price Index through 2009.

Note: From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Heart” line. The Sleep Disorders Research was 

reported separately from 1996 to 2006. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Lung” line.
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Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

Research and

Development (R&D)

Contracts

Training Programs

Intramural Research and

Research Management

and Support**

Dollars (Millions)

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Research Grants* $1,346.6 $1,570.5 $1,796.9 $2,006.2 $2,172.3 $2,257.3 $2,310.2 $2,275.9 $2,263.1 $2,216.9 $2,261.0

Research and Development (R&D) Contracts197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6 262.8 295.8 338.8 361.1

Training Programs 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.1 88.4 89.2 93.3 94.9 96.6

Intramural Research and 

Research Management 

and Support**

183.4 190.1 207.3 226.1 245.1 252.7 255.4 265.6 270.1 286.7 295.8

Total $1,788.0 $2,027.3 $2,298.0 $2,569.8 $2,793.7 $2,882.6 $2,922.6 $2,893.5 $2,922.3 $2,937.3 $3,014.5

* Includes Research Career Programs. ** Excludes Office of the Director and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Fiscal Year

Staff 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

FTEs* 847 865 868 880 880 861 796 797 814 846 856

* Full-time equivalents.

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

Research and 

Development (R&D) 

Contracts

Training Programs

Intramural Research and 

Research Management 

and Support**

* Includes Research Career Programs. ** Excludes Office of the Director and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.
73

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

Investigator-Initiated

Grants*

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants and 

R&D Contracts)

Percent of Extramural Funds

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

* Includes Research Career Programs.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants

and R&D Contracts)

Grants

R&D Contracts

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Percent of Extramural Funds

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

Investigator-Initiated 

Grants*

Institute-Initiated 

Awards (Grants 

and R&D Contracts)

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Institute-Initiated 

Awards (Grants 

and R&D Contracts)

Grants

R&D Contracts

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* $1,022.2 $1,187.4 $1,388.8 $1,521.4 $1,616.1 $1,716.8 $1,747.2 $1,747.0 $1,719.3 $1,742.1 $1,765.5

Research Career Programs 47.7 54.2 57.5 63.5 65.8 67.8 71.0 70.4 55.4 78.7 84.6

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards

1,069.9 1,241.6 1,446.3 1,584.9 1,681.9 1,784.6 1,818.2 1,817.3 1,774.7 1,820.8 1,850.1

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 276.7 328.9 350.7 421.3 490.4 472.5 492.1 458.6 488.2 396.1 410.9

Centers** 119.9 123.8 127.2 128.2 138.9 140.6 151.5 141.1 141.0 107.3 90.1

R&D Contracts (RFP) 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6 262.9 295.8 338.8 361.1

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated 

Awards

473.9 530.2 570.8 679.6 780.9 758.0 760.7 721.4 784.0 734.9 772.0

Training

Individual Awards 9.2 8.9 8.9 9.5 8.6 8.8 9.7 10.0 8.2 9.0 10.3

Institutional Awards 51.6 56.5 64.8 69.7 77.2 78.4 78.7 79.1 85.1 85.8 86.2

Subtotal, Training 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.2 88.4 89.2 93.3 94.8 96.5

Total, Extramural $1,604.6 $1,837.2 $2,090.8 $2,343.7 $2,548.6 $2,629.8 $2,667.3 $2,628.0 $2,652.0 $2,650.5 $2,718.6

* Includes all R18s. ** Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs) and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* 63.7% 64.6% 66.4% 64.9% 63.4% 65.3% 65.5% 66.5% 64.8% 65.7% 64.9%

Research Career Programs 

(K04, K06)

3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.1 3.0 3.1

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards

66.7 67.6 69.2 67.6 66.0 67.9 68.2 69.2 66.9 68.7 68.1

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 17.2 17.9 16.8 18.0 19.2 18.0 18.4 17.5 18.4 14.9 15.1

Centers** 7.5 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.4 5.3 4.0 3.3

R&D Contracts (RFP) 12.3 11.0 10.5 11.0 11.4 10.9 10.1 10.0 11.2 12.8 13.3

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated 

Awards

29.5 28.9 27.3 29.0 30.6 28.8 28.5 27.5 29.6 27.7 28.4

Training

Individual Awards 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

Institutional Awards 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2

Subtotal, Training 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

* Includes all R18s. ** Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs) and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.
75

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts 

Research Training

Dollars (Millions)

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Research Grants* $1,226.7 $1,446.7 $1,669.8 $1,878.0 $2,033.4 $2,116.5 $2,158.8 $2,134.9 $2,121.9 $2,109.6 $2,170.9

Centers 119.9 123.8 127.2 128.2 138.9 140.6 151.5 141.1 141.0 107.3 90.1

R&D Contracts 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6 262.9 295.8 338.8 361.1

Research Training 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.2 88.4 89.2 93.3 94.8 96.5

Total, Extramural $1,604.6 $1,837.2 $2,090.8 $2,343.7 $2,548.6 $2,629.8 $2,667.3 $2,628.0 $2,652.0 $2,650.5 $2,718.6

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

Research Grants* 

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts

Research Training

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

Centers

R&D Contracts 

Research Training

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Research Grants* 76.4% 78.7% 79.9% 80.1% 79.8% 80.5% 80.9% 81.2% 80.0% 79.6% 79.9%

Centers 7.5 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.4 5.3 4.0 3.3

R&D Contracts (RFP) 12.3 11.0 10.5 11.0 11.4 10.9 10.1 10.0 11.2 12.8 13.3

Research Training 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

Research Grants* 

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts

Research Training

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2009

Number of 

Grants

Total Cost 

(Dollars in 

Thousands)

Percent of Total 

NHLBI Research 

Grant Dollars

Research Project Grants (RPGs)

 Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs)

 Regular Research Grants (R01) 3,098 $1,350,194 59.72%

 Program Project Grants (P01) 156 320,690 14.18

 Cooperative Agreements (U01) 201 182,392 8.07

 Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21) 248 52,615 2.33

 Method to Extend Research in Time (R37) 71 31,450 1.39

 Exploratory/Developmental Grants Phase II (R33) 29 9,251 0.41

 AREA Grants (R15) 15 3,262 0.14

 Research Transition Award (R00) 33 8,166 0.36

 Cooperative Agreements (U19) 1 1,808 0.08

 Small Research Grants (R03) 43 2,085 0.09

 NIH Director’s Pioneer Award (DP1) 1 1,607 0.07

 Subtotal, Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs) 3,896 1,963,520 86.84

 Small Business Research Project Grants

 Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase I) (R41) 8 1,753 0.08

 Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase II) (R42) 12 7,072 0.31

 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase I) (R43) 60 11,182 0.49

 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase II) (R44) 92 56,334 2.49

 Subtotal, Small Business Research Project Grants 172 76,341 3.37

Subtotal, Research Project Grants 4,068 2,039,861 90.21

Research Center Grants 

 Specialized Centers of Clinical Research (SCCOR) (P50) 23 65,227 2.88

 Sickle Cell Centers (U54) 15 13,567 0.60

 Centers for AIDS Research (P30) — 3,254 0.14

 Specialized Centers (Cooperative Agreements) (U54) 5 7,649 0.34

 National Swine Research and Resource Center (U42) — 455 0.02

Subtotal, Research Center Grants 43 90,152 3.98

Research Career Programs 

 Mentored Research Development Award for Minority Faculty (K01) 37 4,745 0.21

 Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Award (K01) 5 663 0.03

 Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research Ethics (K01) 1 165 0.01

 Independent Scientist Award (K02) 19 1,880 0.08

 Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Academic Award (K07) 4 486 0.02

 Cultural Competence and Health Disparities Academic Award (K07) 9 1,138 0.05

 Clinical Investigator Scientist Award (K08) 231 29,706 1.31

 Vascular Medicine Research Career Development Program (K12) 7 7,325 0.32

 Clinical Hematology Research Career Development Program (K12) 6 2,375 0.11

 Genetics and Genomics of Lung Disease Career Development Program (K12) 8 3,190 0.14

 Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research (K18) 3 477 0.02

 Career Transition Award (K22) 1 162 0.01

 Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23) 149 20,831 0.92

 Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24) 32 5,078 0.22

 Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (K25) 14 1,996 0.09

 Career Transition Award (K99) 46 4,430 0.20

Subtotal, Research Career Programs 572 84,647 3.75

Other Research Grants

 Cooperative Clinical Research (U10, R10) 23 18,775 0.83

 Minority Biomedical Research Support (S06, R25, SC2) 9 2,167 0.10

 Other (R09, R13, R18, R24, R25, T15, U09, U24, UH1) 112 25,412 1.12

Subtotal, Other Research Grants 144 46,354 2.05

Total, NHLBI Research Grants 4,827 $2,261,014 100%
78

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

2,400

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Research Project Grants*

Research Centers Grants

Other Research Grants**

NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category

Research 

Project Grants 

90.2%

Other Research 

Grants 

2.0%

Research 

Career Programs 

3.8%

NHLBI Research Project Grants,* Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Research 

Project 

Grants*

$1,142,473 $1,356,034 $1,580,751 $1,779,573 $1,920,201 $2,003,769 $2,042,050 $2,011,049 $1,986,692 $1,983,633 $2,039,861

Research 

Centers 

Grants

119,889 123,803 127,232 128,161 138,941 140,600 151,495 141,086 141,034 107,393 90,152

Other 

Research 

Grants**

84,219 90,666 88,958 98,460 113,172 112,785 116,713 123,802 135,284 125,942 131,001

Total $1,346,581 $1,570,503 $1,796,941 $2,006,194 $2,172,314 $2,257,154 $2,310,258 $2,275,937 $2,263,010 $2,216,968 $2,261,014 

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; and DP1 and R00 

beginning in 2008. ** Includes Research Career Programs; excludes General Research Support Grants.

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; and DP1 and R00 

beginning in 2008. ** Includes Research Career Programs; excludes General Research Support Grants.

Dollars (Millions)

Research Project Grants*

Research Centers Grants

Other Research Grants**

2,400

2,000

1,600

1,200

800

400

0

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

NHLBI Research Project Grants,* Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Research 

Center Grants 

4.0%
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications:* Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Number Reviewed and Awarded

Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Applications Reviewed 2,704 2,893 2,895 3,064 3,098 3,548 3,865 4,412 4,504 4,492 4,373

RPGs Awarded 959 1,003 1,033 1,018 1,064 1,034 909 871 943 997 968

Success Rate (percent) 35.5 34.7 35.7 33.2 34.3 29.1 23.5 19.7 20.9 22.2 22.1

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, and R37; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; and DP1 and R00 beginning in 2008.

Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate)

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Reviewed

Awarded

Number of Applications

Reviewed

Awarded

5,000

4,500

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Percent

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
80

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Investigator-Initiated* $1,069.9 $1,241.6 $1,446.2 $1,584.9 $1,681.9 $1,773.4 $1,822.9 $1,802.1 $1,774.8 $1,820.8 $1,850.1

Institute-Initiated** 276.7 328.9 350.7 421.3 490.4 483.8 487.3 473.8 488.2 396.1 410.9

Total $1,346.6 $1,570.5 $1,796.9 $2,006.2 $2,172.3 $2,257.2 $2,310.2 $2,275.9 $2,263.0 $2,216.9 $2,261.0

* Includes RPGs, SBIRs/STTRs, Research Career Programs, and Other Research. ** Includes RPGs, Centers Grants, Research Career Programs, Other Research, and Cooperative Agreement RFAs.

* Includes RPGs, SBIRs/STTRs, Research Career Programs, and Other Research. ** Includes RPGs, Centers Grants, Research Career Programs, Other Research, and Cooperative Agreement RFAs.

0

200

400

600

800

1,000 

1,200 

1,400 

1,600 

1,800 

2,000 

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Investigator-Initiated

Research Grants*

Institute-Initiated

Research Grants**

Dollars (Millions)

2,000

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

Investigator-Initiated 

Research Grants*

Institute-Initiated 

Research Grants**

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year
81

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Project Grants:* Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Competing

New Competing $ 202.0 $ 266.4 $ 280.0 $ 291.2 $ 285.5 $ 290.5 $ 270.0 $ 242.9 $ 330.9 $ 314.2 $ 340.2

Renewal Competing 127.2 152.0 143.9 143.9 177.2 185.5 176.1 168.3 169.4 196.9 172.6

Competing 

Supplements

1.2 0.9 0.4 2.3 1.0 1.3 1.7 0.4 — 1.7 0.3

Subtotal, Competing 330.4 419.3 424.3 437.4 463.7 477.3 447.8 411.6 500.3 512.8 513.1

Noncompeting

Subtotal, Noncompeting 770.6 889.3 1,101.5 1,281.3 1,390.3 1454.9 1,520.0 1,527.0 1,486.4 1,470.8 1,526.8

Total, Competing and 

Noncompeting $1,101.0 $1,308.6 $1,525.8 $1,718.7 $1,854.0 $1,932.2 $1,967.8 $1,938.6 $1,986.7 $1,983.6 $2,039.9

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; and DP1 and R00 

beginning in 2008.

Facility and Administrative (F&A) Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants:* 

Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year Direct Cost F&A Cost Total Cost

F&A Cost as a 

Percent of Direct Cost

1999 764,198 336,756** 1,100,954 44.1

2000 891,244 417,312 1,308,556 46.8

2001 1,045,144 480,673 1,525,817 46.0

2002 1,182,408 536,324 1,718,732 45.4

2003 1,276,819 577,131 1,853,950 45.2

2004 1,329,106 603,133 1,932,239 45.4

2005 1,355,803 612,007 1,967,810 45.1

2006 1,334,406 604,183 1,938,589 45.3

2007 1,378,134 608,558 1,986,692 44.2

2008 1,376,276 607,357 1,983,633 44.1

2009 1,410,033 629,828 2,039,861 44.7

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007;

and DP1 and R00 beginning in 2008. ** Excludes Program Evaluation Assessment of $1,216,000.
82

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

0 

50 

100 

150 

200 

250 

300 

350 

400 

450 

500 

550 

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

Noncompeting

Competing

Total

NHLBI Research Project Grants:* Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1999–2009

NHLBI Research Project Grants:* Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Noncompeting $323.4 $346.6 $390.7 $418.8 $444.4 $458.7 $490.6 $503.9 $510.3 $512.4 $509.8

Competing 344.5 418.0 410.8 409.1 406.7 419.7 459.9 458.1 477.8 462.0 478.2

Total $329.4 $366.6 $396.1 $416.2 $433.8 $447.9 $484.8 $492.8 $501.7 $501.8 $501.4

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; and DP1 and R00 

beginning in 2008.

Dollars (Thousands)

Noncompeting 

Competing

Total

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

550

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; and DP1 and R00 

beginning in 2008.
83

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10) Programs

Cooperative Agreements were instituted to support discrete, circumscribed projects in areas of an investigator’s specific 

interest and competency with substantial programmatic participation by the NHLBI during performance of the activity.

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2009

Total FY 2009 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin to Prevent Vascular Events $ 14,385,611 $ 1,132,517 $ 15,518,128 

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics 

(BARI 2D)

57,052,642 1,129,551 58,182,193

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network 11,992,445 6,226,923 18,219,368

Cardiovascular Heart Study (CHS) Events Follow-up Study 4,561,785 1,295,541 5,857,326

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL) 21,413,274 — 21,413,274

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillaton 

(CABANA) Trial

— 2,940,676 2,940,676

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization 4,745,409 1,822,084 6,567,493

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation Outcomes 40,203,762 — 40,203,762

Community-Responsive Intervention To Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in 

American Indians and Alaska Natives

6,883,288 1,999,367 8,882,655

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 6,928,502 753,041 7,681,543

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) 15,925,349 1,440,550 17,365,899

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network 21,256,277 7,938,673 29,194,950 

Improved Measures of Diet and Physical Activity for the Genes and 

Environment Initiative

4,851,197 2,340,995 7,192,192

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigation in Cardiovascular 

Medicine 

14,689,861 3,210,240 17,900,101

NHLBI Cardiac Development Consortium — 1,113,042 1,113,042

NHLBI Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium — 1,370,839 1,370,839

NHLBI Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium — 22,721,547 22,721,547

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT) 19,953,495 1,269,829 21,223,324

Pediatric Heart Network 48,440,735 7,637,122 56,077,857

Pharmacogenetics Research Network 62,887,956 4,959,258 67,847,214

Practice-Based Opportunity for Weight Reduction (POWER) Trials 9,937,264 3,728,927 13,666,191

Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology 39,522,116 11,279,810 50,801,926

Rule Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computed Assisted Tomography 

(ROMICAT II)

— 2,111,994 2,111,994

Strong Heart Study 69,831,832 1,026,776 70,858,608

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) 38,081,071 726,648 38,807,719

Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults — 4,656,109 4,656,109

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA) Trials — 3,648,449 3,648,449

Translating Basic Behavioral and Social Science Discoveries Into 

Interventions to Reduce Obesity

— 5,431,213 5,431,213

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM) 17,463,982 149,857 17,613,839

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 531,007,853 104,061,578 635,069,431

Lung Diseases

Asthma Networks (AsthmaNet) — 8,300,000 8,300,000

Childhood Asthma Management Program–Continuation Study 

(CAMP‐CS)/Phase III

4,043,232 1,145,547 5,188,779

COPD Clinical Research Network 40,030,386 3,150,000 43,180,386

Genetic Epidemiology of COPD 14,234,023 9,063,922 23,297,945

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network 25,205,892 7,324,944 32,530,836

Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic Fibrosis (ISIS) 732,476 736,708 1,469,184

Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract in HIV-Infected Individuals 

and HIV‐Uninfected Controls

— 5,390,250 5,390,250

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment 23,813,429 3,192,109 27,005,538
84

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2009

Total FY 2009 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Lung Diseases (continued)

Randomized Controlled Study of Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood Sleep 

Apnea

6,000,740 2,500,880 8,501,620

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation To Prevent 

Childhood Asthma

— 2,510,267 2,510,267

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure 567,715 3,884,512 4,452,227

Study of Acid Reflux Therapy for Children With Asthma 2,462,212 882,798 3,345,010

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN) — 724,724 724,724

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma (SOYA) — 774,607 774,607

Trial of Late Surfactant To Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 

(TOLSURF)

— 1,986,898 1,986,898

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 117,090,105 51,568,166 168,658,271

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 50,147,120 6,350,697 56,497,817

Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients Requiring Temporary Interruption 

of Warfarin Therapy for an Elective Invasive Procedure or Surgery 

(BRIDGE) Trial

4,632,060 5,673,071 10,305,131

Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute 

DVT–ATTRACT Trial

2,070,898 2,107,633 4,178,531

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (SWITCH) 14,636,993 3,215,757 17,852,750

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network 22,006,021 657,580 22,663,601

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 43,909,114 6,541,087 50,450,201

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 137,402,206 24,545,825 161,948,031

Total, NHLBI Cooperative Agreements $785,500,164 $180,175,569 $965,675,733 
85

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent 

Vascular Events, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this multicenter clinical trial is to 

determine whether extended-release niacin plus simvastatin is superior to simvastatin alone, at comparable 

levels of in-treatment LDL cholesterol, for preventing or 

delaying a major CVD event over a 4-year median followup period in patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia. 

Niacin is used to raise HDL (“good”) cholesterol and 

simvastatin is used to lower LDL (“bad”) cholesterol.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,132,517

Fiscal Years 2005–2008— $14,385,611

Total Funding to Date—$15,518,128

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HL-081616

2. AXIO Research, LLC

Seattle, Washington —HL-081649

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this trial is to compare alternative 

treatment strategies for managing patients with type 2 

diabetes and angiographically proven coronary artery 

disease, stable angina, or ischemia. Revascularization 

combined with aggressive medical anti-ischemia treatment is being compared to aggressive medical antiischemia treatment alone. Simultaneously, researchers 

seek to determine whether insulin-sensitizing drugs such 

as metformin and the glitazones for controlling blood 

sugar level offer any survival advantage over drugs that 

increase insulin level. One-third of the patients are from 

minority populations.

Research findings indicate that neither prompt revascularization versus delayed revascularization or insulin 

sensitization versus insulin provision in patients with 

type 2 diabetes and stable CHD was superior in terms 

of mortality and the prevention of major cardiovascular 

events.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,129,551

Fiscal Years 2000–2008—$57,052,642

Total Funding to Date—$58,182,193

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-061744

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Cardiovascular Heart Study (CHS) Events 

Follow-Up Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this project is to continue follow-up 

of the CHS cohort for cardiovascular events in order to 

enhance power among subgroups to study associations 

of CVD risk factors and incidence and prognosis following CVD events in older adults. The additional events 

will permit greater opportunity to address the study aims 

by CHS investigators and other researchers interested in 

making use of the study’s extensive database and specimens. Seventeen percent of the participants are from 

minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,295,541

Fiscal Years 2005–2008—$4,561,785

Total Funding to Date—$5,857,326

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HL-080295

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this trial is to determine whether 

revascularization of a stenotic renal artery plus medical 

therapy is associated with improved clinical outcomes 

compared with medical therapy alone.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$0

Fiscal Years 2004–2008—$21,413,274

Total Funding to Date—$21,413,274
86

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Toledo Health 

Sciences Campus 

Toledo, Ohio —HL-071556

2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072734

3. University of Virginia 

Charlottesville, Virginia —HL-072735

4. Mid-America Heart Institute of 

St. Luke Hospital 

Kansas City, Missouri —HL-072736

5. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072737

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug 

Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation (CABANA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this trial is to determine whether 

percutaneous left atrial catheter ablation is superior to 

current pharmacologic therapy for eliminating atrial 

fibrillation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$2,940,676

Total Funding to Date—$2,940,676

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine 

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-089645

2. Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine 

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-089709

3. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-089786

4. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-089907

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal 

Revascularization, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that 

a strategy of aortoiliac stenting and pharmacotherapy 

improves maximum walking duration better than a 

strategy of supervised rehabilitation, exercise, and pharmacotherapy for those with aortoiliac artery obstruction 

at 6 months. Other objectives are to compare the two 

treatment groups with a third group, usual care and pharmacotherapy, at 6 months, and to compare maximum 

walking duration change scores at 18 months, changes 

in free living daily activity levels, and patient-perceived 

quality of life among all three groups.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,822,084

Fiscal Years 2005–2008—$4,745,409

Total Funding to Date—$6,567,493

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Rhode Island Hospital 

Providence, Rhode Island —HL-077221

2. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-081656

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcomes, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2004 

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Community-Responsive Intervention To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in American Indians and 

Alaska Natives, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary 

Intervention, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1997

This program, which complements prior NHLBI 

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty 

(PTCA) registries and the New Approaches to Coronary 

Intervention Registry, is evaluating patterns of device 

usage, as well as immediate and follow-up outcomes in 

patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary 

revascularization. Results will provide guidance to the 

cardiology community in selecting appropriate therapies 

and in designing clinical trials to evaluate competing 

devices.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$753,041

Fiscal Years 1997–2008—$6,928,502

Total Funding to Date—$7,681,543

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-033292
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska 

Natives (GOCADAN), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2000

The purpose of this study is to document CVD and 

CVD risk factors in approximately 40 extended families (1,214 members from villages in Northern Alaska). 

Scientists seek to identify and characterize genes that 

contribute to CVD in this unique and understudied 

population.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,440,550

Fiscal Years 2000–2008—$15,925,349

Total Funding to Date—$17,365,899

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. MedStar Research Institute 

Hyattsville, Maryland —HL-064244

2. Norton Sound Health Corporation 

Nome, Alaska —HL-082458

3. Southwest Foundation for 

Biomedical Research 

San Antonio, Texas —HL-082490

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Improved Measures of Diet and Physical Activity 

for the Genes and Environment Initiative, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to support the development of devices to improve diet and physical activity. The program is part of the Genes and Environment 

Initiative, a 4-year NIH-wide program designed to lay 

the foundation for understanding the complex interplay 

between genetic and environmental factors in human 

diseases. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$2,340,995

Fiscal Years 2007–2008—$4,851,197

Total Funding to Date—$7,192,192

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-091736

2. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Cambridge, Massachusetts —HL-091737

3. Princeton Multimedia Technologies 

Corporation 

Princeton, New Jersey —HL-091738

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical 

Investigation in Cardiovascular Medicine, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

NHLBI Cardiac Development Consortium, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to gain complete 

understanding of the regulatory networks controlling 

cardiovascular development. A consortium of multidisciplinary research teams will select key regulatory pathways, identify components of the pathways and targets, 

and rapidly disseminate data to the scientific community. 

Research results may lead to the development of regenerative therapies and tissue engineering approaches. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,113,042

Total Funding to Date—$1,113,042

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-098160

2. Harvard University Medical School 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-098166

3. J. David Gladstone Institutes 

San Francisco, California —HL-098179

4. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-098180

NHLBI Pediatric Cardiac Genomics 

Consortium, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to conduct clinical and 

translational research on the genetic causes of congenital 

heart disease and genetic contributions to outcome in 

individuals with congenital heart disease. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,370,839

Total Funding to Date—$1,370,839
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Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Mount Sinai School of Medicine 

New York, New York —HL-098123

2. Children’s Hospital Boston 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-098147

3. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-098153

4. Yale University 

New Haven, Connecticut —HL-098162

5. Columbia University Health Sciences 

New York, New York —HL-098163

NHLBI Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to establish virtual 

research hubs that focus on progenitor cell biology. 

Investigators will seek to identify and characterize progenitor cell lineages, direct the differentiation of stem 

and progenitor cells to desired cell fates, and develop 

new strategies to address the unique challenges presented by the transplantation of these cells. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$22,721,547

Total Funding to Date—$22,721,547

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-099656

2. University of Wisconsin, Madison 

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-099773

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-099775

4. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HL-099776

5. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-099993

6. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HL-099995

7. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HL-099999

8. Children’s Hospital Boston 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-100001

9. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-100395

10. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HL-100397

11. Vanderbilt University 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-100398

12. University of Texas Southwestern 

Medical Center 

Dallas, Texas —HL-100401

13. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-100402

14. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-100405

15. J. David Gladstone Institutes 

San Francisco, California —HL-100406

16. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-100407

17. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-100408

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1999

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

percutaneous revascularization to open an occluded 

artery within a few days or as long as a month following an acute MI in asymptomatic patients improves 

their outcome. Although the benefits of early restoration 

of blood flow following an acute MI have been wellestablished, it is not known whether later intervention 

is also beneficial. The trial is in a long-term followup 

phase.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,269,829

Fiscal Years 1999–2008—$19,953,495

Total Funding to Date—$21,223,324

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New York University 

School of Medicine 

New York, New York —HL-062509

2. Maryland Medical Research 

Institute, Inc. 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-062511

Pediatric Heart Network, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to establish a network to 

systematically evaluate candidate genes that may influence pharmacologic response to drug treatments for 
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, and lipid disorders. Investigators seek to identify gene polymorphisms 

capable of predicting drug toxicity and efficacy. One of 

the projects has 38 percent minority participation.

Obligations 

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$4,959,258

Fiscal Years 2001–2008—$62,887,956

Total Funding to Date—$67,847,214

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Vanderbilt University 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-065962

2. Children’s Hospital and Research Center 

Oakland, California —HL-069757

Practice-Based Opportunity for Weight 

Reduction (POWER) Trials,* Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006 

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this program is to establish multidisciplinary teams to develop nanotechnology and biomolecular engineering tools and methodologies to detect and 

analyze atherosclerotic plaque formation. The program 

presents an unique opportunity for research collaboration and skills training by bring bioengineering and 

nanotechnology solutions into medicine and vice versa. 

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2009—$11,279,810

Fiscal Years 2005–2008—$39,522,116

Total Funding to Date—$50,801,926

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-080711

2. Burnham Institute for Medical Research 

La Jolla, California —HL-080718

3. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-080729

4. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-080731

Rule Out Myocardial Infarction Using 

Computed Assisted Tomography (ROMICAT II), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

implementation of cardiac computed assisted tomography early in the emergency department triage process 

will enable immediate and safe discharge without further 

testing of a significant number of patients with acute 

chest pain.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$2,111,994

Total Funding to Date—$2,111,994

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-092022 

2. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-092040

Strong Heart Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1988

The objectives of this study are to survey CVD morbidity and mortality rates among three geographically 

diverse groups of American Indians and to estimate 

their levels of CVD risk factors. Phases II and III of the 

cohort study extended surveillance of community mortality and assessed development of CVD and changes 

in CVD risk factors. In Phase III, investigators added a 

substudy of asthma and a pilot family study. Phase IV 

expanded the family study to 120 families comprising 

3,600 members to investigate genetic and environmental 

contributors of CVD. Phase V will examine the family 

study cohort to assess genetic relationships to risk factor 

change over a 5‐year period.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,026,776

Fiscal Years 1988–2008—$69,831,832

Total Funding to Date—$70,858,608

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Southwest Foundation for

Biomedical Research 

San Antonio, Texas —HL-065520

* Formerly known as Weight-Loss in Obese Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
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Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine 

whether CABG plus intensive medical therapy improves 

long-term survival of patients with heart failure and 

left ventricular (LV) dysfunction who have coronary 

artery disease amenable to surgical revascularization, 

compared to medical therapy alone; and to determine 

whether CABG plus surgical ventricular restoration to 

a more normal LV size improves survival free of subsequent hospitalizations of patients with anterior LV dysfunction, compared to CABG alone.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$726,648

Fiscal Years 2002–2008—$38,081,071

Total Funding to Date—$38,807,719

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069013

2. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069015

Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for 

Young Adults, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric 

Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA) Trials, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this program is to determine whether 

therapeutic hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest 

improves outcomes, including survival, in infants and 

children.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$3,648,449

Total Funding to Date—$3,648,449

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-094339

2. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-094345

Translating Basic Behavioral and Social Science 

Discoveries Into Interventions To Reduce 

Obesity, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop innovative 

obesity-reducing strategies rather than evaluating 

the effectiveness of already well-defined or proven 

strategies. Some projects are expected to have 50- to 

100-percent participation from minorities. The new 

strategies should be effective in small-scale trials, 

acceptable to target populations of interest, and ready 

to be tested in large-scale randomized clinical and 

community trials. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$5,431,213

Total Funding to Date—$5,431,213

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Claremont Graduate University 

Claremont, California —HL-097839

2. Weill Medical College of 

Cornell University 

New York, New York —HL-097843

3. Wayne State University 

Detroit, Michigan —HL-097889

4. Rush University Medical Center 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-097894

5. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-097973

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this multicenter trial is to evaluate 

the effectiveness of two strategies to maintain weight 

loss for 2.5 years in approximately 1,700 overweight or 

obese adults. Of those, 1,032 who lost at least 9 pounds 

during a 6-month weight loss program were randomized 

into one of three maintenance groups: brief monthly 

personal counseling on diet and physical activities; 

Web-based intervention providing similar advice; or 

self-directed control, where participants received minimal further intervention. Approximately 40 percent of 

participants were black.

The majority of individuals who successfully completed an initial behavioral weight loss program maintained a weight below their initial level. Monthly brief 

personal contact provided modest benefits to sustaining 
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

weight loss, whereas an interactive technology-based 

intervention provided early but transient benefits.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$149,857

Fiscal Years 2003–2008—$17,463,982

Total Funding to Date—$17,613,839

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 

Oakland, California —HL-068676

Lung Diseases Program

Asthma Networks (AsthmaNet)

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Childhood Asthma Management Program–

Continuation Study (CAMP–CS)/Phase III, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The objective of this observational study is to follow 

the original CAMP cohort for 4 more years (through 

ages 21–29) to determine clinical and genetic risk factors for patterns of lung function decline indicative of 

chronic air flow obstruction in later adulthood; 31 percent of the participants are from minority groups.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,145,547

Fiscal Years 2007–2008—$4,043,232

Total Funding to Date—$5,188,779

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-075232

2. Hospital for Sick Children 

Toronto, Ontario —HL-075407

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-075408

4. Asthma, Inc.

Seattle, Washington —HL-075409

5. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-075415

6. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center 

Denver, Colorado —HL-075416

7. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-075417

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-075419

9. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HL-075420

COPD Clinical Research Network, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Genetic Epidemiology of COPD, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this study is to perform a genomewide association analysis to identify the genetic risk 

factors that determine susceptibility for COPD and 

COPD-related phenotypes in a large biracial population.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$9,063,922

Fiscal Years 2007–2008—$14,234,023

Total Funding to Date—$23,297,945

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-089856

2. National Jewish Medical and 

Research Center 

Denver, Colorado —HL-089897

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic Fibrosis 

(ISIS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2008 

The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is to 

assess the efficacy and safety of 7 percent hypertonic 

saline (HS) inhaled twice daily for 48 weeks among 

infants with CF aged 4 to 15 months at enrollment. 

Investigators are seeking to determine whether hypertonic saline will improve hyperinflation and obstructive 

lung disease as measured by infant lung function testing 

compared with the control agent (isotonic saline).

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$736,708

Fiscal Year 2008—$732,476

Total Funding to Date—$1,469,184
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital and Regional 

Medical Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-092931

2. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HL-092932

Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract 

in HIV-Infected Individuals and HIV-Uninfected 

Controls, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to characterize the microbiome of the lung alone or in combination with the 

upper airways in HIV-infected individuals and matched 

HIV-uninfected controls. Investigators will use molecular techniques to identify bacteria, and if possible, other 

organisms (e.g., viruses, cell-wall deficient organisms, 

protozoa, and fungi). Data will be used to examine 

the effects of changes in the respiratory microbiome 

on the pathogenesis and progression of HIV disease, 

HIV-related respiratory complications, and anti-HIV 

therapies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$5,390,250

Total Funding to Date—$5,390,250

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-098957

2. George Washington University 

Washington, DC —HL-098958

3. Indiana University-Purdue University 

at Indianapolis 

Indianapolis, Indiana —HL-098960

4. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-098961

5. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-098962

6. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-098964

7. University of Colorado 

Denver, Colorado —HL-098966

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this project is to bring together 

research experts in asthma, epidemiology, statistics, 

bioinformatics, physiology, clinical trials, genetics, and 

genomics to focus on the pharmacogenetics of asthma 

treatment.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$3,192,109

Fiscal Years 2000–2008— $23,813,429

Total Funding to Date—$27,005,538

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065899

Randomized Controlled Study of 

Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood Sleep Apnea, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this randomized controlled study is 

to compare adenotonsillectomy and watchful waiting 

followed by reevaluation after 7 months for treatment 

of OSA in children aged 5 to 9 years; 50 percent of the 

participants are expected to be black.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2009—$2,500,880

Fiscal Years 2006–2008—$6,000,740

Total Funding to Date—$8,501,620

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-083075

2. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-083129

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D 

Supplementation To Prevent Childhood Asthma, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is 

to determine whether higher vitamin D intake and 

increased levels in a pregnant woman will prevent 

asthma and allergy in her child at age 3. Investigators 

will recruit 870 pregnant women who are in the first 

trimester of pregnancy. This sample will be randomized to one of two treatment arms of a 4-year clinical 

trial: 4,000 international units of vitamin D in addition 

to typical prenatal vitamins and typical prenatal vitamins 

alone.
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2009—$2,510,267

Total Funding to Date—$2,510,267

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-091075

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-091528

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With 

Acute Respiratory Failure, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2008

The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is to test 

an innovative approach to sedation management that 

includes team education and consensus on the use of 

sedatives in pediatric patients supported on mechanical 

ventilation; team identification of each patient’s trajectory of illness and daily prescription of a sedation goal; 

use of a nurse-implemented goal-directed comfort algorithm that guides moment-to-moment titration of opioids 

and benzodiazepines; and team feedback on sedation 

management performance. Investigators will randomize 

2,754 critically ill infants and children into two study 

groups: sedation management intervention and usual 

care.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$3,884,512

Fiscal Year 2008—$567,715

Total Funding to Date—$4,452,227

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-086622

2. Children’s Hospital Boston 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-086649

Study of Acid Reflux Therapy for Children With 

Asthma, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical 

trial is to investigate whether an approved proton-pump 

inhibitor lansoprazole will reduce asthma exacerbations 

in children (aged 6–16 years) with poorly controlled 

asthma. Thirty percent of participants will be from 

minority populations.

Obligations 

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$882,798

Fiscal Years 2006–2008—$2,462,212

Total Funding to Date—$3,345,010

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-080433

2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-080450

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine 

whether the addition of treatment of chronic rhinitis 

and sinusitis with a nasal steroid will improve asthma 

control. Investigators will randomize 380 patients with 

poorly controlled asthma and chronic rhinitis/sinusitis to 

a nasal steroid or matching placebo in addition to their 

regular asthma treatment. One third of participants are 

expected to be from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2009—$724,724

Total Funding to Date—$724,724

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Vermont 

Burlington, Vermont —HL-089464

2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-089510

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma (SOYA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this double-blind, randomized controlled trial is to assess the effectiveness of genistein 

supplements (soy isoflavone) in improving lung function in patients with poorly controlled asthma. The 

study will include 380 patients with low dietary 

soy intake, ages 12 years and older, who are taking 

inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, or both 

and have poorly controlled asthma. Participants will 

be randomly assigned to treatment with either a soy 

isoflavone supplement (containing genistein, daidzein, 

and glycitein) 100 mg daily or to placebo for 6 months. 

Thirty percent of participants are expected to be from 

minority populations.
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Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2009—$774,607

Total Funding to Date—$774,607

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Northwestern University

Evanston, Illinois —HL-087987

2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-088367

Trial of Late Surfactant To Prevent 

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (TOLSURF), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical 

trial is to determine whether late doses of surfactant, in 

addition to iNO, administered to extremely low gestational age neonates (< 30 weeks) who require mechanical ventilation between 7 and 14 days of age, will 

increase survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,986,898

Total Funding to Date—$1,986,898

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-094338 

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-094355 

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients Requiring 

Temporary Interruption of Warfarin Therapy 

for an Elective Invasive Procedure or Surgery 

(BRIDGE) Trial, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2008

The purpose of this study is to determine the safety 

and efficacy of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) 

in adults with atrial fibrillation who stop warfarin in 

preparation for surgery. The trial will randomly allocate 

3,282 patients with atrial fibrillation to either LMWH or 

matching placebo before and after surgery. Investigators 

hypothesize that simply withholding warfarin in a perioperative setting for patients with atrial fibrillation will 

not meaningfully increase the risk for arterial thromboembolism and will forestall hemorrhagic complications, 

compared with a strategy using LMWH before and after 

surgery. One third of participants are expected to be 

from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$5,673,071

Fiscal Year 2008—$4,632,060

Total Funding to Date—$10,305,131

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-86755

2. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-87229

Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed 

Thrombolysis for Acute DVT–ATTRACT Trial, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2008

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

adjunctive pharmacomechanical catheter-directed 

thrombolysis, which includes intrathrombus admin­istration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, 

can prevent postthrombotic syndrome in patients with 

symptomatic proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 

compared with optimal standard DVT therapy alone.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2009—$2,107,633

Fiscal Year 2008—$2,070,898

Total Funding to Date—$4,178,531

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. McMaster University 

Hamilton, Ontario —HL-088118

2. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-088476

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea (SWITCH), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2005

The purpose of this Phase III clinical trial is to compare standard therapy (transfusions and chelation) with 

alternative therapy (hydroxyurea and phlebotomy) for 

the prevention of secondary stroke and management 

of iron overload in children with sickle cell anemia. 

Additional objectives include comparisons of growth 
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

and development, frequency of nonstroke neurological and other sickle-related events, and quality of life. 

Participants will be black.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2009—$3,215,757

Fiscal Years 2005–2008—$14,636,993 

Total Funding to Date—$17,852,750

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-078787

2. Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc. 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-078987 

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

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NHLBI Research Centers (P50) Programs

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research (P50)

The NHLBI initiated the Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) program in 1971 to encourage translational 

research—converting basic science findings to the clinic—in high priority areas. The SCOR concept emphasized 

multidisciplinary research (i.e., basic science and clinical investigations) on diseases relevant to the Institute’s mission. In 2002, the NHLBI revised the SCOR program—primarily on recommendation from the NHLBAC—to place 

more emphasis on clinical research projects. The SCCOR program still requires clinical and basic scientists to work 

together on a unified theme, but now requires at least 50 percent of the projects to be clinical. The SCOR program 

ended in 2008.

The funding history for individual SCCORs supported by the Institute is listed below.

Obligations (Dollars in Thousands)

Area of Concentration

Period of 

Operation

Prior to 

FY 2009 FY 2009

Total 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Cardiac Dysfunction and Disease (SCCOR) 2005– $ 65,449 $13,486 $ 78,935

Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling (SCCOR) 2006– 44,674 12,496 57,170

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 110,123 25,982 136,105

Lung Diseases Program

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (SCCOR) 2007– 22,236 11,228 33,464

Host Factors in Chronic Lung Diseases (SCCOR) 2006– 23,865 8,473 32,338

Pulmonary Vascular Disease (SCCOR) 2007– 12,732 6,480 19,212

Subtotal, Lung Diseases Program 58,833 26,181 85,014

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Diseases (SCCOR) 2006– 24,141 8,413 32,554

Transfusion Biology and Medicine (SCCOR) 2005– 17,818 4,651 22,469

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources Program 41,959 13,064 55,023

Total, Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented 

Research (P50)

$210,915 $65,227 $276,142
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Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Cardiac Dysfunction and Disease

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research on clinically relevant questions related 

to dysfunction and disease of the myocardium. The 

program will enable rapid application of basic science 

findings to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of 

cardiac disorders, including ischemic and other cardiomyopathies, left ventricular dysfunction, metabolic 

abnormalities, heart failure, and rhythm disturbances. 

Because some segments of the population disproportionately suffer from heart disease, research that addresses 

issues of health disparity will be emphasized.

Obligations 

Fiscal Year 2009—$13,486,219

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. Columbia University 

Health Science Center 

New York, New York —HL-077096

2. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-077100

3. University of Cincinnati 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-077101

4. Cleveland Clinical Lerner College 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-077107

5. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-077113

Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research on clinically relevant questions that 

will enable basic science findings to be more rapidly 

translated into clinical applications. Major goals of the 

program are to stimulate interdependent clinical and 

multidisciplinary basic research projects that investigate molecular and cellular mechanisms of vascular 

injury, repair, and remodeling; promote patient-oriented 

research that will improve our ability to prevent, detect, 

characterize, manage, and treat vascular diseases; and 

develop the skills and research capabilities of new clinical investigators. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2009—$12,496,418

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-083762

2. University of Texas Health 

Science Center 

Houston, Texas —HL-083794

3. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-083799

4. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HL-083800

5. Boston University Medical Campus 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-083801

6. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-083813

Lung Diseases Program

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research to accelerate progress in the diagnosis, 

prevention, and treatment of COPD. The program will 

include a broad spectrum of basic and clinical research 

that will encompass animal models of COPD pathogenesis, human proteomic, genetic and genomic investigations, technologically refined disease phenotypes 

classification, and the development of new experimental 

therapeutic interventions. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2009—$11,227,890

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-084922

2. Weill Medical College 

of Cornell University 

New York, New York —HL-084936

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-084945

4. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-084948

Host Factors in Chronic Lung Diseases 

The purpose of this SCCOR is to identify alterations 

in host responses and lung homeostasis and to determine 

how the dysregulation contributes to development or 

progression of chronic lung diseases. Enhanced understanding of these processes should facilitate identification of new targets for intervention, providing the basis 

for development of new therapeutic options for prevention and treatment of chronic lung diseases.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2009—$8,472,710
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Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-084917

2. Children’s Hospital 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-084932

3. University of North Carolina 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-084934

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

The objective of this SCCOR is to facilitate multidisciplinary research that proposes original hypotheses and 

applies cutting-edge approaches, including genomics 

and proteomics, to clinical issues in pulmonary vascular 

disease. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2009—$6,480,043

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Colorado at Denver 

Denver, Colorado —HL-084923

2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-084946

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Diseases

The purpose of this SCCOR is to conduct multidisciplinary research to improve the prevention, diagnosis, 

and treatment of thrombotic and bleeding disorders. The 

program will support rapid translation of basic science 

findings into clinical application.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2009—$8,412,822

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Vanderbilt University 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-081009

2. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-081011

3. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-081012

Transfusion Biology and Medicine

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster new 

approaches for improving the availability, efficacy, 

safety, and quality of blood and blood products for 

therapeutic uses. One of the centers has a large minority 

population.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2009—$4,650,915

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. Puget Sound Blood Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-081015

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-081027
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Basic and Translational Research Program (U54)

The NHLBI reconfigured the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers program into a Basic and Translational Research 

Program (BTRP). The Program emphasizes fundamental investigations and their translation into initial studies in 

humans, as well as community translation to promote evidence-based clinical practice. The BTRP continues to support the Sickle Cell Disease Scholars program for the career development of young investigators and the Summer-forSickle Cell-Science program for research training and mentoring of high-school students. These components are part 

of a larger effort by NHLBI to prepare the next generation of scientists to advance the field of SCD research.

Obligation

Fiscal Year 2009—$13,566,634

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Thomas Jefferson University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-070585

2. RHO Federal Systems Division, Inc. 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-070587

3. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center 

Dallas, Texas —HL-070588

4. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-070590

5. Boston Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-070819

6. Children’s Hospital Medical Center 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-070871

7. Medical College of Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-090503

8. Howard University

Washington, DC —HL-090508

9. Children’s Hospital 

Los Angeles, California —HL-090511

10. University of Chicago 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-090513

11. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-090515

12. Virginia Commonwealth University 

Richmond, Virginia —HL-090516

13. University of Miami School of Medicine 

Miami, Florida —HL-090569

Specialized Centers for Cell-Based Therapies for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases (U54) Program 

The Specialized Centers for Cell-Based Therapies Program, which includes a Data and Coordinating Center, was 

initiated in FY 2005 to support preclinical and clinical studies for cell-based therapy for heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders. A key feature of the program is the ability to conduct preclinical studies in the first year or 

two of the program in order to meet the requirements for an Investigational New Drug application prior to initiating 

clinical studies. Clinical studies are expected to be initiated by the beginning of the third year.

Obligations 

Fiscal Year 2009—$7,649,361

1. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HL-081007

2. EMMES Corporation 

Rockville, Maryland —HL-081021

3. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 

Los Angeles, California —HL-081028

4. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-081030

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers
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Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New York University 

School of Medicine

New York, New York —AI-027742

2. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —AI-027757

3. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —AI-027763

4. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —AI-027767

5. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —AI-028697

6. Baylor University 

Houston, Texas —AI-036211

7. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —AI-036214

8. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —AI-036219

9. University of Massachusetts 

Medical School 

Worcester, Massachusetts —AI-042845

10. Miriam Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island —AI-042853

11. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —AI-045008

12. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —AI-050409

13. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —AI-050410

14. Yeshiva University 

New York, New York —AI-051519

15. Vanderbilt University 

Nashville, Tennessee —AI-054999

16. Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts —AI-060354

17. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —AI-064518

18. University of Miami 

School of Medicine 

Coral Gables, Florida —AI-073961

19. University of Rochester 

Rochester, New York —AI-078498

20. Rush University Medical Center 

Chicago, Illinois —AI-082151

Centers for AIDS Research (P30) Program

The NHLBI, along with five other NIH Institutes, contributes to the support of six Centers for AIDS Research that 

were established to provide a multidisciplinary environment that promotes basic, clinical, behavioral, and translational 

research activities in the prevention, detection, and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Almost half of the patient 

population comes from minority groups.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2009—$3,254,346
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NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Dollars (Thousands)

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Heart $156,370 $156,415 $184,491 $214,971 $258,647 $245,881 $219,796 $213,320 $260,205 $296,445 $321,223

Lung 25,432 23,341 10,993 16,578 11,745 14,131 20,946 25,902 15,191 20,249 17,710

Blood 15,436 21,538 24,572 26,751 20,082 25,460 27,831 23,629 20,446 22,093 22,164

Total $197,238A $201,294B $220,056C $258,300D $290,474E $285,472F $268,573G $262,851H $295,842I $338,787J $361,097K

A Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $14,904,000.

B Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $17,944,000.

C Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $24,579,000.

D Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $35,827,000.

E Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $54,550,000.

F Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $57,545,722.

G Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $64,399,000.

H Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $67,795,000.

I Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $68,405,000.

J Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $77,487,000.

K Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $79,693,000.

Note: From 1999 to 2006 the WHI was reported separately. In this table, it has been incorporated in the “Heart” line.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

Other R&D

Contracts

Major ContractSupported Clinical

Trials*

10. Research and Development Contracts

Dollars (Millions)

NHLBI Research and Development Contract Obligations:* Fiscal Years 1999–2009

* For detailed data on contract-supported clinical trials, see Chapter 11.
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Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2009

Total FY 2009 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) $142,401,024 $7,311,416 $149,712,440

Candidate Gene Association Resources 18,220,930 4,199,645 22,420,575

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) 78,051,026 702,999 78,754,025

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) 88,529,300 9,834,016 98,363,316

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping 25,352,366 1,277,670 26,630,036

Framingham Heart Study 99,133,876 14,499,000 113,632,876

Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Other 

Cardiovascular Conditions (GENTAC): National Registry 4,808,249 1,937,221 6,745,470

Global Health Centers of Excellence — 13,399,780 13,399,780

Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS) 39,784,884 11,454,663 51,239,547

Jackson Heart Study (JHS) 32,796,573 5,610,000 38,406,573

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 76,518,417 24,757,152 101,275,569

NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program (GTRP) 11,800,000 7,327,735 19,127,735

Pediatric Circulatory Support 22,195,025 1,101,398 23,296,423

Proteomics Initiative 157,606,085 — 157,606,085

Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of 

Warfarin Therapy 2,637,062 3,530,000 6,167,062

Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support 5,061,898 1,277,005 6,338,903

Lung Diseases

Lung Tissue Research Consortium 23,874,972 2,629,236 26,504,208

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in 

COPD Study (SPIROMICS) — 594,954 594,954

Tuberculosis Curriculum Coordinating Center 6,000,000 787,728 6,787,728

Blood Diseases and Resources

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository 13,367,735 4,296,738 17,664,473

NHLBI–CDC Registry and Surveillance System in 

Hemoglobinopathies (RuSH) — 1,506,239 1,506,239

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study II (REDS-II) 37,213,866 6,377,477 43,591,343

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities 21,750,926 1,999,855 23,750,781

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1985

The ARIC is a large, longitudinal study comprising 

a community surveillance component and a prospective cohort component to investigate the etiology of 

atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae and variation 

in cardiovascular risk factors by race, gender, and location. The community surveillance component monitors 

trends in hospitalized myocardial infarction, fatal CHD, 

and heart failure (2005–2009) by race and gender in 

four U.S. communities. The cohort component investigates the etiology of CHD in 15,792 participants, aged 

46–64 at baseline, who were selected from the same 

communities. The participants received an extensive 

examination upon entry into the study (1987–1989) that 

included gathering medical, social, and demographic 

data. Subsequent examinations occurred in 1990–1992, 

1993–1995, and 1996–1998, followed by contact annually by telephone to assess the health status of the 

cohort. Beginning in 2011, the study will reexamine 

the cohort participants with a focus on heart failure—a 

major epidemic in the rapidly aging population in the 

United States. Three of the cohort components represent the racial mix of their community, and the fourth is 

exclusively black. 
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Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$7,311,416

Fiscal Years 1985–2008—$142,401,024

Total Funding to Date—$149,712,440

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55015

2. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HC-55016

3. University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55018

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-55019

5. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-55020

6. Mississippi Medical Center 

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-55021

Candidate Gene Association Resources, Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2006

This program establishes a genotyping and bioinformatics center to perform high-throughput genotyping 

for candidate gene association studies in up to 50,000 

participants, and a genome-wide association study in 

about 500 disease cases and 1,000 controls. The data 

will be combined with available phenotype data to form 

a genotype–phenotype resource for public use. DNA 

for the 50,000-person sample will be collected from 

multiple NHLBI cohort studies that have stored samples 

and available data on a wide array of heart, lung, blood, 

and sleep phenotypes. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$4,199,645

Fiscal Years 2006–2008—$18,220,930

Total Funding to Date—$22,420,575

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Cambridge, Massachusetts —HC-65226

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1988 

The CHS is a population-based, longitudinal study 

of risk factors for development and progression of CHS 

and stroke in elderly adults, 17 percent of whom are 

from minority populations. Extensive data and samples 

have been collected from nearly 6,000 participants 

since 1989–1990. The current CHS: Transition Phase 

provides partial support for an infrastructure to enable 

continued access to study resources and expertise, scientific collaborations, and mentorship of early-career 

investigators. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$702,999

Fiscal Years 1988–2008—$78,051,026

Total Funding to Date—$78,754,025

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HC-85239

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young 

Adults (CARDIA), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1984

CARDIA is a long-term study examining the evolution of CVD risk factors in a cohort of black and white 

adults, aged 18 to 30 years in 1985–1986. The study 

examines risk factors for heart and lung diseases by 

collecting information on body mass index, physical 

activity and lifestyle, genetics, serologic and metabolic 

components, inflammatory markers, and other subclinical measures of disease. Fifty percent of the participants 

are black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$9,834,016

Fiscal Years 1984–2008—$88,529,300

Total Funding to Date—$98,363,316

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-48047

2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-48048

3. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-48049

4. Kaiser Permanente Division of Research 

Oakland, California —HC-48050

5. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-95095
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DNA Resequencing and Genotyping, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to obtain rapid, reliable, and cost-efficient DNA sequencing and genotyping of candidate genomic regions potentially important 

in the disease pathways of heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders. This information will assist 

ongoing investigations of genetic components involved 

in the causes, variable outcome, and progression of the 

diseases and disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,277,670

Fiscal Years 2004–2008—$25,352,366

Total Funding to Date—$26,630,036

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Constella 

Rockville, Maryland —HV-48193

2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HV-48195

3. J. Craig Venter Institute, Inc. 

Rockville, Maryland —HV-48196

Framingham Heart Study

The original Framingham Heart Study was designed 

as a longitudinal investigation of constitutional and 

environmental factors influencing the development 

of CVD in individuals free of these conditions at the 

outset. Of the original 5,209 subjects, about 400 members remain alive. In 1971, the Framingham Offspring 

Study was initiated to assess familial and genetic factors 

associated with CHD. More than 5,000 offspring (and 

their spouses) were included. A third-generation cohort 

consisting of approximately 4,000 grandchildren has 

been added to permit examination of numerous hypotheses about the genetic contribution to CVD and CVD 

risk factors. Additional goals include identifying new 

risk factors for cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

and developing new imaging tests that can detect very 

early stages of coronary atherosclerosis in otherwise 

healthy adults.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$14,499,000

Fiscal Years 1983–2008—$99,133,876

Total Funding to Date—$113,632,876

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Boston University Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-25195

Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic 

Aneurysms and Other Cardiovascular 

Conditions (GENTAC): National Registry, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this program is to establish a national 

registry to enable investigators to determine the best 

medical practices to advance the clinical management 

of genetic thoracic aortic aneurysms and other cardiovascular complications associated with connective tissue diseases such as Marfan, Loeys-Dietz, and Ehlers 

Danlos (vascular type) Syndromes.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,937,221

Fiscal Years 2006–2008—$4,808,249

Total Funding to Date—$6,745,470

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Research Triangle Institute 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina —HV-68199

Global Health Centers of Excellence, Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this program is to support a worldwide network of research and training centers to 

prevent and control chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases, and diabetes. The 

NHLBI joined with Minneapolis-based UnitedHealth 

Group’s Chronic Disease Initiative in establishing the 

UnitedHealth and NHLBI Collaborating Centers of 

Excellence network. Each center is led by a research 

institution in a low- or middle-income, developing 

country that is paired with at least one partner academic 

institution in a developed country to enhance research 

and training opportunities.

Obligations

Funding History 

Fiscal Year 2009—$13,399,780

Total Funding to Date—$13,399,780

Current Active Organizations and Contract 

Numbers

1. St. John’s Research Institute 

Karnataka, India —HV-98215
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2. Public Health Foundation in India 

New Delhi, India —HV-98216

3. The George Institutes in China 

Beijing, China —HV-98217

4. Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América 

Guatemala City, Guatemala —HV-98218

5. Institute for Clinical Effectiveness 

and Health Policy 

Buenos Aires, Argentina —HV-98219

6. University of Cape Town 

Cape Town, South Africa —HV-98220

7. Moi University School of Medicine 

Eldoret, Kenya —HV-98221

8. International Center for Diarrhoeal 

Disease Branch

Mohakhali, Bangladesh —HV-98222

9. University of Peruana 

San Martin, Peru —HV-98223

10. Westat 

Rockville, Maryland —HV-98224

Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this program is to determine the 

prevalence of and risk factors for cardiovascular and 

lung diseases in Hispanic populations and the role of 

cultural adaptation and disparities in development of 

these and other chronic diseases. The program is supporting a multicenter, 6.5-year epidemiology study comprising approximately 16,000 participants aged 18–74 

years with diverse backgrounds, including Americans of 

Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban American, and Central/

South American descent, 4,000 at each of 4 sites.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$11,454,663

Fiscal Years 2006–2008—$39,784,884

Total Funding to Date—$51,239,547

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-65233

2. University of Miami 

Miami, Florida —HC-65234

3. Albert Einstein College of Medicine 

New York, New York —HC-65235

4. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-65236

5. San Diego State University 

San Diego, California —HC-65237

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1998

The JHS is a single-site, epidemiologic study of CVD 

in blacks, similar to established studies in Framingham, 

Massachusetts, and Honolulu, Hawaii, with primary 

goals of identifying risk factors for development and 

progression of CVD; enhancing retention; building 

research capabilities at minority institutions; developing 

partnerships between minority and majority institutions; 

and expanding minority investigator participation in 

large-scale, epidemiologic studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$5,610,000

Fiscal Years 1998–2008—$32,796,573

Total Funding to Date—$38,406,573

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Jackson State University 

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95170

2. Mississippi Medical Center 

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95171

3. Tougaloo College 

Tougaloo, Mississippi —HC-95172

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and progression of subclinical CVD, 

i.e., disease detected noninvasively before it has produced clinical signs and symptoms, in a population 

that is 38 percent white, 28 percent black, 22 percent 

Hispanic, and 12 percent Asian. Plans are underway for 

a fifth examination to begin in 2010 that will include a 

measurement of cardiac function with MRI. Periodic 

monitoring of participants to identify recent hospitalizations and other clinical events will continue.

 Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$24,757,152

Fiscal Years 1999–2008—$76,518,417

Total Funding to Date—$101,275,569
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Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HC-95159

2. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —HC-95160

3. Columbia University 

New York, New York —HC-95161

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95162

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95163

6. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-95164

7. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95165

8. University of Vermont 

Colchester, Vermont —HC-95166

9. New England Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-95167

10. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95168

11. Harbor-UCLA Research and 

Education Institute 

Los Angeles, California —HC-95169

NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program 

(GTRP), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to promote the 

translation of basic research into clinical trials. The 

program will support the production of safe and wellcharacterized vectors; conduct extensive toxicology and 

pharmacology studies on animals to determine vector 

dosing, related toxicity, and vector dissemination; and 

provide investigators with regulatory assistance to initiate a clinical trial. The GTRP also will support a maximum of two phase I/II gene transfer clinical trials per 

year that have successfully met all regulatory requirements and are ready to enroll patients within 12 months 

of application approval.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$7,327,735

Fiscal Year 2008—$11,800,000

Total Funding to Date—$19,127,735

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Social and Scientific Systems, Inc. 

Silver Spring, Maryland —HV-78200

2. Lovelace Biomedical Research & 

Education Institute 

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HV-78201

3. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HV-78202

4. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HV-78203

5. Indiana University 

Indianapolis, Indiana —HV-78204

Pediatric Circulatory Support, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to establish multidisciplinary teams to develop innovative circulatory assist 

devices or other bioengineered systems for infants and 

children with congenital and acquired CVD who experience cardiopulmonary failure and circulatory collapse.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,101,398

Fiscal Years 2004–2008—$22,195,025

Total Funding to Date—$23,296,423

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Cleveland Clinic 

Lerner College of Medicine 

Cleveland, Ohio —HV-48188

2. Ension, Inc.

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HV-48189

3. Jarvik Heart, Inc. 

New York, New York —HV-48190

4. Pennsylvania State University 

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HV-48191

5. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HV-48192

Proteomics Initiative, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2002

The purpose of this program is to establish highly 

interactive, multidisciplinary centers to enhance and 

develop innovative proteomic technologies directed 

to relevant biologic questions associated with heart, 

lung, blood, and sleep health and disease. Scientists 

will focus on the cells’ protein machinery directed 

toward understanding the molecular basis of the causes 

and progression of heart, lung, and blood diseases and 

sleep disorders and identifying targets for therapeutic 

interventions.
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Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$0

Fiscal Years 2002–2008—$157,606,085

Total Funding to Date—$157,606,085

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HV-28178

2. Institute for Systems Biology 

Seattle, Washington —HV-28179

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HV-28180

4. Medical University of South Carolina 

Charleston, South Carolina —HV-28181

5. Medical College of Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HV-28182

6. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HV-28183

7. University of Texas 

Galveston, Texas —HV-28184

8. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center 

Dallas, Texas —HV-28185

9. Yale University 

New Haven, Connecticut —HV-28186

10. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the 

Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. 

Rockville, Maryland —HV-28187

Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing 

of Warfarin Therapy, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2008

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this program is to establish a data 

and clinical coordinating center to manage a registry 

of patients receiving an FDA-approved mechanical 

circulatory support device (MCSD) to treat heart failure. 

The registry will collect and analyze clinical and 

laboratory data and tissue samples from patients who 

receive MCSDs as destination therapy for end-stage 

heart failure at 90 to 100 participating hospitals. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,277,005

Fiscal Years 2005–2008—$5,061,898

Total Funding to Date—$6,338,903

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Alabama 

Birmingham, Alabama —HV-58198

Lung Diseases Program

Lung Tissue Research Consortium, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium for collecting lung tissues and preparing and distributing them for research. Scientists seek to improve 

management of lung diseases by increasing understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of lung diseases 

through molecular histopathological studies on tissues 

with and without disease. Primary emphases are on 

COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$2,629,236

Fiscal Years 2004–2008—$23,874,972

Total Funding to Date—$26,504,208

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine 

Rochester, New York —HR-46158

2. University of Colorado 

Health Science Center 

Denver, Colorado —HR-46159

3. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine 

Rochester, New York —HR-46161

4. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-46162

5. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-46163

6. Clinical Trials and Survey Corporation 

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-46164

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome 

Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Tuberculosis Curriculum Coordinating Center, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium of five Tuberculosis Curriculum Centers to 

strengthen and increase access to the best ongoing educational and training opportunities in TB for medical, 
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Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

nursing, and allied health schools, especially those 

that provide primary care to communities where TB is 

endemic and the population is at high risk.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$787,728

Fiscal Years 2003–2008—$6,000,000

Total Funding to Date—$6,787,728

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HR-36157

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen 

Repository, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1998

The purpose of this project is to establish an NHLBI 

Biological Specimen Repository for blood specimens 

from Institute-supported research. The Repository 

monitors storage, labeling, and testing of the specimens, 

as well as administers safe shipment of precise sample 

aliquots to approved investigators for future studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$4,296,738

Fiscal Years 1998–2008—$13,367,735

Total Funding to Date—$17,664,473

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. SeraCare Life Sciences, Inc. 

Rockville, Maryland —HB-87144

NHLBI–CDC Registry and Surveillance System 

in Hemoglobinopathies (RuSH), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this program is to develop and implement a national data system and biospecimen repository 

that will provide data to describe the epidemiologic and 

clinical characteristics of people who have all genotypes 

of SCD, thalassemias, and other hemoglobinopathies. 

The system will be designed to collect, analyze, interpret, and disseminate data on the epidemiology, clinical 

correlates, health care use, and community resources 

of patients who have these conditions. It will support 

research, information dissemination, policy decisions, 

health care planning, and provider training at the local, 

state, and national levels.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,506, 239

Total Funding to Date—$1,506, 239

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

Atlanta, Georgia —HR-9045

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study-II 

(REDS-II), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of the program is to conduct epidemiologic, laboratory, and survey research on volunteer blood 

donors within the United States to ensure the safety 

and availability of the blood supply. The study seeks to 

assess the prevalence and incidence of existing as well 

as newly discovered infectious agents that pose a threat 

to blood safety; evaluate characteristics and behaviors of 

voluntary blood donors; determine the causes of adverse 

transfusion reactions of unknown etiology; assess new 

and existing blood donor screening methodologies; assess 

the impact of new blood bank technologies on blood 

safety and availability; and evaluate the donation process 

for ways to improve the adequacy of the blood supply. 

An international component was added to conduct 

epidemiologic, laboratory, and survey research on blood 

donors in China and Brazil, two countries seriously 

affected by the AIDS epidemic, to ensure the availability 

and safety of blood for transfusion.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$6,377,477

Fiscal Years 2005–2008—$37,213,866

Total Funding to Date—$43,591,343

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HB-47168

2. American Red Cross Blood Service, 

New England

Farmington, Connecticut —HB-47169

3. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HB-47170

4. University of Cincinnati 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HB-47171
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Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

5. Institute for Transfusion Medicine 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HB-47172

6. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HB-47174

7. Westat, Inc. 

Rockville, Maryland —HB-47175

8. Blood System Research, Inc. 

San Francisco, California —HB-57181

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

This program is designed to develop novel somatic 

cellular therapies in areas ranging from basic science 

through animal studies to proof-of-principle and 

eventually human trials for heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. The goal is to provide rapid, safe 

translation of basic research ideas into clinical practice.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,999,855

Fiscal Years 2003–2008—$21,750,926

Total Funding to Date—$23,750,781

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HB-37163

2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HB-37164

3. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HB-37165

4. The EMMES Corporation 

Rockville, Maryland —HB-37166

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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Infant Heart Surgery: Central Nervous 

System Sequelae of Circulatory Arrest

$ 584 $ 392 $ 75 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Women’s Health Study (WHS) 1,530 1,594 — — — — 889 — 868 875 919

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the 

Menopause

186 — — — — — — — — — —

Women’s Antioxidant and Cardiovascular 

Study (WACS)

540 556 572 598 592 599 670 — — — —

Stress Reduction and Atherosclerotic CVD 

in Blacks

326 339 360 376 394 — — — — — —

Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis 

(ERA) Trial* 1,017 — — — — — — — — — —

Shock Trial: Should We Emergently 

Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for 

Cardiogenic Shock?

— 440 362 298 291 296 — — — — —

HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study — 326 — — — — — — — — —

Women’s Estrogen/Progestin Lipid 

Lowering Hormone Atherosclerosis 

Regression Trial (WELL-HART)*

1,131 — 32 — — — — — — — —

Mode Selection Trial in Sinus Node 

Dysfunction (MOST)* 2,879 1,136 154 — — — — — — — —

Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy in 

Unstable Angina

276 — — — — — — — — — —

Estrogen and Graft Atherosclerosis 

Research Trial (EAGER)* — 361 371 — — — — — — — —

REMATCH Trial* 1,333 825 750 — — — — — — — —

Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake, and 

Blood Pressure (DASH Sodium)* ** 3,646 1,247 151 387 376 395 — — — — —

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure 

Trial (SCD-HeFT)* 1,709 1,698 1,798 1,412 1,930 — — — — — —

CVD Risk and Health in Post-Menopausal 

Phytoestrogen Users

574 244 — 304 152 — — — — — —

Treatment of Hypertension With Two 

Exercise Intensities

473 481 420 — — — — — — — —

Prevention of Recurrent Venous 

Thromboembolism (PREVENT)

894 521 543 1,272 — — — — — — —

PREMIER: Lifestyle Interventions for 

Blood Pressure Control*

3,425 3,595 2,925 1,505 — — — — — — —

A clinical trial is defined as a scientific research 

study undertaken with human subjects to evaluate 

prospectively the diagnostic, prophylactic, or therapeutic effect of a drug, device, regimen, or procedure 

used or intended ultimately for use in the practice of 

medicine or the prevention of disease. A clinical trial 

is planned and conducted prospectively and includes 

a concurrent control group or other appropriate comparison group.

* Paid by U01/U10. ** Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study 

(ACES)* 2,663 2,182 720 1,254 1,137 — — — — — —

Antiarrhythmic Effects of N-3 Fatty Acids 514 542 529 647 — — — — — — —

Fatty Acid Antiarrhythmia Trial (FAAT) 519 605 — — — — — — — — —

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT)* 4,892 5,079 2,604 1,724 1,963 — — 963 1,452 1,277 1,270

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics 

(BARI 2D)*

— 3,942 6,515 9,342 8,189 8,265 8,304 8,592 2,647 1,971 1,130

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery* — 473 557 596 590 492 — — — — —

Angiotensin-II Blockade in Mitral 

Regurgitation

— — 553 610 629 500 — — — — —

Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial 

(HART)

— — 795 1,617 1,453 1,174 862 740 304 — —

Reduction of Triglycerides in Women on HRT — — 708 746 555 544 721 — 625 501 —

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE)* ** — — 1,502 1,506 1,306 1,303 996 — — — —

ACE Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular Risk 

Factors

— — — 694 656 602 — — — — —

Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial 

Investigating Outcomes of Exercise 

(HF-ACTION)*

— — — 7,471 9,582 7,973 4,483 4,590 2,846 652 —

Clinical Trial of Dietary Protein on Blood 

Pressure

— — — 655 610 612 504 500 — — —

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial 

(HAT)* — — — 3,567 5,433 4,264 1,801 2,115 — — —

Perioperative Interventional Neuroprotection 

Trial (POINT)

— — — 553 553 562 572 378 — — —

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics 

Study (SANDS)* — — — 2,410 2,165 2,107 2,324 2,074 197 218 —

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH)* — — — 5,709 4,495 1,613 6,082 5,583 9,396 3,639 727

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies 

(GEMS)* — — — — 2,461 2,400 2,369 1,950 — — —

Treatment of Depression Following Bypass 

Surgery

— — — — 964 1,132 1,181 1,193 885 — —

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM)* — — — — 3,687 4,368 3,099 4,015 2,151 145 150

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL)* — — — — — 4,343 5,610 4,884 3,307 3,269 —

FREEDOM Trial: Future Revascularization 

Evaluation in Patients With Diabetes 

Mellitus: Optional Management of 

Multivessel Disease

— — — — — 3,663 4,669 — 5,180 2,818 1,658

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial 

Metabolic Enhancement During Initial 

Assessment and Treatment in Emergency 

Care*

— — — — — 5,170 9,514 10,966 — — —

* Paid by U01/U10. ** Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent 

Vascular Events* — — — — — — 663 6,324 6,018 1,380 2,324

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal 

Revascularization (CLEVER)* — — — — — — 1,368 1,478 1,898 — 1,822

Intervention To Control Obesity in College — — — — — — — 677 633 670 686

PACEmaker and Beta-Blocker Therapy 

Post-Myocardial Infarction (PACE-MI) — — — — — — — 1,300 4,555 384 —

Efficacy of Smoking Quit Line in the Military — — — — — — — — 739 720 731

Vest prevention of Early Sudden Death Trial 

(VEST) and PREDiction of ICd Therapies 

Studies (PREDICTS)*

— — — — — — — — 1,390 1,356 1,391

Planned Care for Obesity and Risk Reduction 

(Planned CORR)

— — — — — — — — — 784 770

Effects of Niacin on Lp(a), Oxidized LDL, and 

Inflammation on the AIM-HIGH Trial

— — — — — — — — — 302 312

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) 

Coronary Vascular Dysfunction

— — — — — — — — — 776 742

Rule-Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computer 

Assisted Tomography (ROMICAT II)* — — — — — — — — — — 2,112

Collaborative Model To Improve BP Control and 

Minimize Racial Disparities — — — — — — — — — — 1,963

Multi-Scale Model of the Human Heart for 

Imaging Research

— — — — — — — — — — 566

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug 

Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation (CABANA)* — — — — — — — — — — 2,941

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac 

Arrest (THAPCA)* — — — — — — — — — — 3,648

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 29,111 26,578 22,996 45,253 50,163 52,377 56,681 58,312 45,091 21,737 25,862

Lung Diseases

Lung Health Study III* **

1,986 1,616 1,672 927 — — — — — — —

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN)* **

5,399 5,686 5,705 5,863 — — — — — — —

Fetal Tracheal Occlusion for Severe 

Diaphragmatic Hernia* 419 429 181 — — — — — — — —

Scleroderma Lung Study* 1,040 1,501 1,761 1,501 1,055 — — 71 — — —

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Prevention of 

Chronic Lung Disease* — 1,959 1,803 1,764 1,442 1,245 — — — — —

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic 

Lung Disease* — 1,548 1,742 1,839 1,604 903 — — — — —

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis II (PIOPED II)* — 2,190 3,667 3,388 472 — — — — — —

Randomized Trial To Reduce ETS in Children 

With Asthma

— 555 545 468 277 — — — — — —

* Paid by U01/U10. ** Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Lung Diseases (continued)

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term 

Efficacy Study (APPLES)* — — — 3,224 3,021 3,110 3,188 — 1,532 — —

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program-Continuation Study 

(CAMP-CS)/Phase II* **

— — — — 1,489 2,043 2,623 2,750 — — —

Acid Reflux Therapy in Asthma* — — — — 736 783 791 773 662 — —

Impact of CPAP on Functional 

Outcomes in Milder Obstructive 

Sleep Apnea (CATNAP)

— — — — 682 612 608 694 — — —

Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older 

Men

— — — — 4,163 4,262 1,390 1,142 910 — —

Supplemental Selenium and Vitamin E 

and Pulmonary Function

— — — — 698 610 630 605 561 — —

Improving Asthma Care in Minority 

Children in Head Start

— — — — — 721 826 1,004 779 — —

Randomized Controlled Study of 

Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood 

Sleep Apnea

— — — — — — — 2,255 2,388 1,346 2,501

Early Insulin Therapy and Development 

of ARDS

— — — — — — — — 489 454 464

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program—Continuation Study 

(CAMP-CS)/Phase III* **

— — — — — — — — 2,077 1,966 1,146

Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic 

Fibrosis (ISIS)* — — — — — — — — — 732 737

Scleroderma Lung Study II — — — — — — — — — 2,281 2,297

Sedation Management in Pediatric 

Patients With Acute Respiratory 

Failure*

— — — — — — — — — 568 3,885

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids 

(STAN)* 

— — — — — — — — — — 725

Outpatient Treatment of Low-Risk 

Patients With Pulmonary Embolism

— — — — — — — — — — 755

Translating COPD Guidelines Into 

Primary Care Practice

— — — — — — — — — — 733

Family Intervention for Pediatric 

Asthma Self-Management in Puerto 

Ricans 

— — — — — — — — — — 225

Physical Activity Self-Management in 

Patients With COPD 

— — — — — — — — — — 663

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma 

(SOYA)* 

— — — — — — — — — — 775

Trial of Late Surfactant To Prevent 

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 

(TOLSURF)* 

— — — — — — — — — — 1,987

* Paid by U01/U10. ** Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Lung Diseases (continued)

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin 

D Supplementation To Prevent 

Childhood Asthma*

— — — — — — — — — — 2,510

Effects of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy 

on Pulmonary Function

— — — — — — — — — — 614

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 8,844 15,484 17,076 18,974 15,639 14,289 10,056 9,294 9,398 7,347 20,017

Blood Diseases and Resources

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell 

Anemia (STOP)* — 293 — — — — — — — — —

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell 

Anemia (STOP 2)* — 4,200 3,166 3,168 2,320 2,366 — — — — —

Induction of Stable Chimerism for 

Sickle Cell Anemia* — — 489 525 527 551 — — — — —

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking 

and Transplantation* — — 1,222 1,224 1,286 1,353 — — — — —

FOCUS* — — — — 1,639 1,796 2,923 2,446 1,974 — —

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea (SWITCH)* — — — — — — 3,345 3,932 3,531 3,828 3,216

Randomized Trial of Interventions To 

Improve Warfarin Adherence

— — — — — — — — — 801 787

Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients 

Requiring Temporary Interruption 

of Warfarin Therapy for an Elective 

Invasive Procedure or Surgery 

(BRIDGE) Trial*

— — — — — — — — — 4,632 5,673

Pharmacomechanical CatheterDirected Thrombolysis for Acute 

DVT–ATTRACT Trial

— — — — — — — — — 2,071 2,108

Transcranial Doppler With 

Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea

— — — — — — — — — — 4,176

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources — 4,493 4,877 4,917 5,772 6,066 6,268 6,378 5,505 11,332 15,960

Total, NHLBI $37,955 $46,555 $44,949 $69,144 $71,574 $72,732 $73,005 $73,984 $59,994 $40,416 $61,839

* Paid by U01/U10. ** Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2009: Summary by Program

Total Obligations 

Prior to 2009

FY 2009 

Obligations

Total Obligation 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent Vascular Events* $14,385,611 $2,324,428 $16,710,039

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetes 

(BARI 2D)*

57,767,642 1,129,551 58,897,193

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug therapy for Atrial 

Fibrillation Trial (CABANA)*

— 2,940,676 2,940,676

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization 

(CLEVER)*

4,745,409 1,822,084 6,567,493

Collaborative Model To Improve BP Control and Minimize Racial 

Disparities

— 1,962,536 1,962,536

Effects of Niacin on Lp(a), Oxidized LDL, and Inflammation in the 

AIM‐HIGH Trial

301,776 311,988 613,764

Efficacy of Smoking Quit Line in the Military 1,458,373 731,359 2,189,732

FREEDOM Trial: Future Revascularization Evaluation in Patients With 

Diabetes Mellitus: Optimal Management of Multivessel Disease

16,330,637 1,658,233 17,988,870

Interventions To Control Obesity in College 1,970,554 686,261 2,656,815

Multi-Scale Model of the Human Heart for Imaging Research — 565,856 565,856

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT) 19,953,495 1,269,829 21,223,324

Planned CORR: Planned Care for Obesity and Risk Reduction 784,317 769,846 1,554,163

Rule-Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computer Assisted Tomography 

(ROMICAT II)*

— 2,111,994 2,111,994

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH)* 36,516,990 726,648 37,243,638

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA)* — 3,648,449 3,648,449

Vest Prevention of Early Sudden Death Trial (VEST) and PREDiction of 

ICd Therapies Studies (PREDICTS)*

2,746,077 1,391,303 4,137,380

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM)* 17,463,982 149,857 17,613,839

Women's Health Study (WHS) 18,665,689 918,834 19,584,523

Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Coronary Vascular 

Dysfunction

775,836 741,640 1,517,476

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 193,866,388 25,861,372 219,727,760

Lung Diseases

Childhood Asthma Management Program–Continuation Study 

(CAMP–CS)/Phase III*

4,043,232 1,145,547 5,188,779

Early Insulin Therapy and Development of ARDS 943,216 464,295 1,407,511

Effects of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy on Pulmonary Function — 613,957 613,957

Family Intervention for Pediatric Asthma Self-Management in 

Puerto Ricans

— 225,000 225,000

Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic Fibrosis (ISIS)* 732,476 736,708 1,469,184

Outpatient Treatment of Low-Risk Patients With Pulmonary Embolism — 755,080 755,080

Physical Activity Self-Management in Patients With COPD — 662,744 662,744

* Paid by U01/U10.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2009: Summary by Program (continued)

Total Obligations 

Prior to 2009

FY 2009 

Obligations

Total Obligation 

to Date

Lung Diseases (continued)

Randomized Controlled Study of Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood 

Sleep Apnea*

5,988,040 2,500,880 8,488,920

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation To Prevent 

Childhood Asthma*

— 2,510,267 2,510,267

Scleroderma Lung Study II 2,280,616 2,296,684 4,577,300

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With Acute Respiratory 

Failure*

567,715 3,884,512 4,452,227

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma (SOYA)* — 774,607 774,607

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN)* — 724,724 724,724

Translating COPD Guidelines Into Primary Care Practice — 733,424 733,424

Trial of Late Surfactant To Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 

(TOLSURF)*

— 1,986,898 1,986,898

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 14,555,295 20,015,327 34,570,622

Blood Diseases and Resources

Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients Requiring Temporary Interruption 

of Warfarin Therapy for an Elective Invasive Procedure or Surgery 

(BRIDGE) Trial

4,632,060 5,673,071 10,305,131

Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute 

DVT–ATTRACT Trial*

2,070,898 2,107,633 4,178,531

Randomized Trial of Interventions To Improve Warfarin Adherence 800,516 786,913 1,587,429

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (SWITCH)* 14,636,993 3,215,757 17,852,750

Transcranial Doppler With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea — 4,175,979 4,175,979

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 22,140,467 15,959,353 38,099,820

TOTAL, NHLBI $230,562,150 $61,836,052 $292,398,202

* Paid by U01/U10.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Contracts

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Antiarrhythmic Versus Implantable 

Defibrillator (AVID)

$ 548 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Antihypertensive and LipidLowering Treatment To Prevent 

Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)

— 6,259 7,000 3,980 2,761 3,346 — — — — —

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary 

Heart Disease Patients 

(ENRICHD)

3,303 3,487 596 425 70 — — — — — —

Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up: 

Investigation in Rhythm 

Management (AFFIRM)

3,785 1,239 2,401 802 — — — — — — —

Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and 

Estrogen Trial (WAVE)

3,878 886 756 — 32 — — — — — —

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome 

Evaluation (WISE)

856 1,424 10 50 — — — — — — —

Prevention of Events With 

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 

Inhibitor Therapy (PEACE)

2,850 5,988 — 2,849 558 — — — — — —

Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) 2,009 1,243 — 238 — — — — — — —

Evaluation Study of Congestive 

Heart Failure and Pulmonary 

Artery Catheterization 

Effectiveness (ESCAPE)

1,750 1,820 — 1,129 — — — 311 — — —

Action To Control Cardiovascular 

Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD)

4,130 6,590 — 1,750 18,521 33,779 26,126 — 19,484 16,343 15,461

Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) 

Community Trial

2,923 2,414 3,058 1,101 — — — — — — —

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonist 

Therapy in Adults With Preserved 

Ejection Fraction Congestive 

Heart Failure (TOPCAT)

— — — — — 837 5,162 5,480 2,218 7,912 4,408

Women’s Health Initiative 59,100 57,700 59,200 59,010 63,222 57,483 37,826 12,124 14,873 22,609 30,615

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention 

Trial (SPRINT)

— — — — — — — — — — 7,508

Randomized Trial of GenotypeGuided Dosing of Warfarin 

Therapy

— — — — — — — — — 2,637 3,530

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 85,132 89,050 73,021 71,334 85,164 95,445 69,114 17,915 36,575 49,501 61,522

Lung Diseases

Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiac 

Complications of HIV Infection 

(P2C2)

— 315 — 113 — — — — — — —

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program (CAMP)

6,551 729 1,330 2,786 2,287 1,475 599 — — — —

Acute Respiratory Distress 

Syndrome Clinical Network 

(ARDSNet)

6,837 5,587 2,667 1,502 4,402 5,517 4,707 7,396 5,037 1,992 6,195
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 (continued)

Contracts (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Lung Diseases (continued)

National Emphysema 

Treatment Trial (NETT)

7,545 4,047 6,989 7,910 1,630 1,648 357 — — — 285

Feasibility of Retinoid 

Treatment in Emphysema 

(FORTE)

884 7,711 — 2,429 725 507 185 — — — —

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment 

Trial (LOTT)

— — — — — — — — 6,208 10,042 202

Subpopulations and 

Intermediate Outcome 

Measures in COPD Study 

(SPIROMICS)

— — — — — — — — — — 2,082

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 21,817 18,389 10,986 14,740 9,044 9,147 5,848 7,396 11,245 12,034 8,764

Blood Diseases and Resources

Clinical Course of Sickle Cell 

Disease

350 106 — — — — — — — — —

T-Cell Depletion in 

Unrelated Donor Marrow 

Transplantation

690 1,085 1,144 557 774 164 — — — — —

Viral Activation Transfusion 

Study (VATS)

— 339 — — — — — — — — —

Cord Blood Stem Cell 

Transplantation Study 

(COBLT)

1,456 5,122 1,846 2,166 588 707 822 — — — —

Multicenter Study of 

Hydroxyurea (MSH) in 

Sickle Cell Anemia Adult 

Follow-Up

469 — — 588 994 1,136 1,340 — — — —

Pediatric Hydroxyurea 

Phase III Clinical Trial 

(BABY HUG)

— 1,606 405 3,100 1,112 1,964 1,526 891 3,966 5,573 1,704

Sildenafil for Sickle Cell 

Disease-Associated 

Pulmonary Hypertension

— — — — — — — 1,867 2,801 3,702 963

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and 

Resources

2,965 8,258 3,395 6,411 3,468 3,971 3,688 2,758 6,767 9,275 2,667

Total, NHLBI Clinical Trials 

Contracts

$109,914 $115,697 $87,402 $92,485 $97,676 $108,563 $78,650 $28,069 $54,587 $70,810 $72,953
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Heart and Vascular 

Diseases

Bypass Angioplasty 

Revascularization 

Investigation (BARI)

$ 1,609 $ 1,634 $ 1,549 $ 1,456 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Child and Adolescent 

Trial for Cardiovascular 

Health (CATCH)

210 — — — — — — — — — —

Obesity Prevention in 

Young American 

Indians (PATHWAYS)

4,196 2,459 — — — — — — — — —

Girls Health Enrichment 

Multisite Studies (GEMS)

2,282 2,365 2,877 2,713 — — — — — — —

Trial of Activity for 

Adolescent Girls (TAAG)

— 5,274 4,831 5,919 5,828 6,350 5,103 905 — — —

Pediatric Heart Network — — 3,447 4,822 5,381 4,948 3,992 6,988 6,607 12,255 7,637

Clinical Research 

Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcome

— — — — — 6,886 9,339 9,728 8,972 5,279 —

Dynamic Assessment of 

Patient-Reported Chronic 

Disease Outcomes

— — — — — 1,010 — — — — —

Clinical Trials in Organ 

Transplantation (CTOT)

— — — — — — 1,900 1,855 1,801 1,635 —

Heart Failure Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — — — — 5,642 7,801 7,813 7,939

Weight Loss in Obese Adults 

With Cardiovascular Risk 

Factors

— — — — — — — 2,567 3,714 3,656 —

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort 

Study (PHACS)—Data 

and Operations Center

— — — — — — — 1,000 500 490 500

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy 

Research Network

— — — — — — — — 4,424 7,568 6,227

Community-Responsive 

Interventions To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in 

American Indians and 

Alaska Natives

— — — — — — — 1,419 2,314 3,151 1,999

Network for Cardiothoracic 

Surgical Investigations in 

Cardiovascular Medicine

— — — — — — — — 6,009 8,681 3,210

EDTA Chelation Therapy for 

Coronary Artery Disease

— — — — — — — — — — 2,109

Practice-Based Opportunity 

for Weight Reduction 

(POWER) Trials*

— — — — — — — — — — 3,729

* Formerly known as Weight-Loss in Obese Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Heart and Vascular 

Diseases (continued)

Look AHEAD: Action 

for Health in Diabetes

— — — — — — — — — — 4,000

Targeted Approaches to 

Weight Control for 

Young Adults

— — — — — — — — — — 4,656

Diabetes Prevention 

Program Outcomes 

Study—Phase II

— — — — — — — — — — 1,100

Subtotal, Heart and 

Vascular Diseases

8,297 11,732 12,704 14,910 11,209 19,194 20,334 30,104 42,142 50,528 43,106

Lung Diseases

Asthma Clinical 

Research Network 

(ACRN)**

— — — — 8,181 8,424 8,667 7,839 8,918 872 —

Childhood Asthma 

Research and 

Education (CARE) 

Network

4,175 5,002 5,314 6,005 5,610 5,292 5,704 5,735 5,916 4,887 —

COPD Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — 6,843 6,848 8,438 7,664 6,836 3,400 3,150

Idiopathic Pulmonary 

Fibrosis Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — — — 3,486 7,349 7,216 7,154 7,325

NICHD Cooperative 

Multicenter Neonatal 

Research Network

— — — — — — — 1,336 238 27 —

Asthma Network 

(AsthmaNet)

— — — — — — — — — — 8,300

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 4,175 5,002 5,314 6,005 20,634 20,564 26,295 29,923 29,124 16,340 18,775

Blood Diseases and 

Resources

Thalassemia (Cooley’s 

Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network

— 2,192 2,219 2,269 2,320 2,375 2,730 2,682 2,618 2,600 658

Blood and Marrow 

Transplant Clinical 

Research Network

— — 5,360 5,899 5,950 5,972 6,460 6,845 6,709 6,952 6,351

Transfusion Medicine/ 

Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network

— — — 6,053 6,241 6,093 6,221 6,521 6,407 6,374 6,541

Sickle Cell Disease 

Clinical Research 

Network

— — — — — — — 3,761 7,498 7,173 —

Subtotal, Blood Diseases 

and Resources

— 2,192 7,579 14,221 14,511 14,440 15,411 19,809 23,232 23,099 13,550

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials, 

Cooperative Agreements

$12,472 $18,926 $25,597 $35,136 $46,354 $54,198 $62,040 $79,836 $94,498 $89,967 $75,431

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials

$122,386 $134,623 $112,999 $127,621 $144,030 $162,761 $140,690 $107,905 $149,085 $158,140 $148,384

** Investigator-Initiated from 1998 to 2002.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2009: Summary by Program

Contracts

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2009

Total FY 2009 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) $ 126,723,481 $15,461,000 $ 142,184,481 

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) — 7,508,288 7,508,288

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy in Adults With Preserved Ejection 

Fraction Congestive Heart Failure (TOPCAT)

21,608,801 4,407,564 26,016,365

Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin Therapy 2,637,062 3,530,000 6,167,062

Women’s Health Initiative 760,047,045 30,615,041 790,662,086

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 911,016,389 61,521,893 972,538,282

Lung Diseases 

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network (ARDSNET) 65,339,896 6,195,077 71,534,973

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT) 16,250,145 202,302 16,452,447

National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) 36,203,000 285,156 36,488,156

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study 

(SPIROMICS)

— 2,081,851 2,081,851

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 117,793,041 8,764,386 126,557,427

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG) 20,143,615 1,703,918 21,847,533

Sildenafil for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension 8,370,142 962,952 9,333,094

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 28,513,757 2,666,870 31,180,627

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Contracts $1,057,323,187 $72,953,149 $1,130,276,336 

Note: From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately under its own major heading. In this table, it is included in the Heart and Vascular Diseases section. 

Cooperative Agreements

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2009

Total FY 2009 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network $ 11,992,445 $ 6,226,923 $ 18,219,368

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation Outcomes 40,203,762 — 40,203,762

Community-Responsive Interventions To Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in 

American Indians and Alaska Natives

6,883,288 1,999,367 8,882,655

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—Phase II — 1,100,000 1,100,000

EDTA Chelation Therapy for Coronary Artery Disease — 2,109,044 2,109,044

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network 21,256,277 7,938,673 29,194,950

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes — 4,000,000 4,000,000

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigations in Cardiovascular 

Medicine

14,689,861 3,210,240 17,900,101

Pediatric Heart Network 48,440,735 7,637,122 56,077,857

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study—Data and Operations Center (PHACS) 1,990,000 500,000 2,490,000

Practice-Based Opportunity for Weight Reduction (POWER) Trials* 9,937,264 3,728,927 13,666,191

Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults — 4,656,109 4,656,109

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 155,393,632 43,106,405 198,500,037

Lung Diseases 

Asthma Network (AsthmaNet) — 8,300,000 8,300,000

COPD Clinical Research Network 40,030,386 3,150,000 43,180,386

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network 25,205,892 7,324,944 32,530,836

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 65,236,278 18,774,944 84,011,222

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 50,147,120 6,350,697 56,497,817

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network 22,006,021 657,580 22,663,601

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 43,909,114 6,541,087 50,450,201

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 116,062,255 13,549,364 129,611,619

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Cooperative Agreements $336,692,165 $75,430,713 $412,122,878 

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials $1,412,987,091 $148,383,862 $1,565,778,517

*Formerly known as Weight-Loss in Obese Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
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Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk in 

Diabetes (ACCORD), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1999

The purpose of this clinical trial is to evaluate the 

effects of three diabetic treatment strategies (intensive 

glycemic control, blood pressure control, and fibrate 

treatment to raise HDL-cholesterol and lower triglycerides) to prevent major cardiovascular events in adults 

with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The primary outcome 

measure is CVD mortality or major morbidity (MI and 

stroke). A total of 10,251 participants were recruited 

across 77 clinical sites in the United States and Canada. 

In February 2008, the NHLBI announced that participants in the intensive glycemia treatment will be transitioned to the ACCORD standard treatment approach 

due to higher mortality in the intensive treatment group. 

The blood pressure and lipid trials are continuing as 

designed.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$15,461,000

Fiscal Years 1999–2008—$126,723,481

Total Funding to Date—$142,184,481

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 

Albuquerque 

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HC-10100

2. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis 

Memphis, Tennessee —HC-90350

3. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95178

4. McMaster University 

Hamilton, Ontario —HC-95179

5. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HC-95180

6. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HC-95181

7. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95182

8. Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95183

9. Trustees of Columbia University of 

New York 

New York, New York —HC-95184

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to establish a research 

network to evaluate innovative cell therapy treatment 

strategies for individuals with CVD. The network 

will provide the necessary infrastructure to develop, 

coordinate, and conduct multiple collaborative clinical 

protocols to facilitate application of emerging scientific 

discoveries to improve CVD outcomes. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$6,226,923

Fiscal Years 2007–2008—$11,992,445

Total Funding to Date—$18,219,368

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-087314

2. University of Texas 

Health Science Center 

Houston, Texas —HL-087318

3. Texas Heart Institute 

Houston, Texas —HL-087365

4. University of Florida 

Gainesville, Florida —HL-087366

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-087394

6. Vanderbilt University 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-087403

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcomes, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2004

The purpose of this study is to establish a resuscitation research consortium to conduct research in cardiopulmonary arrest and traumatic injury leading to arrest. 

The consortium will facilitate the rapid translation of 

promising scientific and clinical advances to improve 

resuscitation outcomes.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$0

Fiscal Years 2004–2008—$40,203,762

Total Funding to Date—$40,203,762
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Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HL-077863

2. University of Iowa

Iowa, City, Iowa —HL-077865

3. Medical College of Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-077866

4. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HL-077867

5. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-077871

6. St. Michael’s Hospital 

Toronto, Ontario —HL-077872

7. Oregon Health and Science University 

Portland, Oregon —HL-077873

8. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-077881

9. Ottawa Health Research Institute 

Ottawa, Ontario —HL-077885

10. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center 

Dallas, Texas —HL-077887

11. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-077908

Community-Responsive Interventions To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in American Indians and 

Alaska Natives, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

 The purpose of this program is to develop and 

evaluate the effectiveness of culturally appropriate 

interventions to promote the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors to reduce CVD risk in American Indian/

Alaska Native communities. Interventions will focus 

on weight reduction, regular physical activity, and 

smoking cessation. A central feature of this project is 

to develop interventions that can be incorporated into 

clinical programs of the community health care system 

or delivered through public health approaches in Native 

communities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,999,367

Fiscal Years 2006–2008—$6,883,288

Total Funding to Date—$8,882,655

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HL-087322

2. University of Oklahoma Health 

Sciences Center 

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-087354

3. University of Wisconsin—Madison 

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-087381

4. Black Hills Center/American Indian 

Health 

Rapid City, South Dakota —HL-087422 

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—

Phase II, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

 The purpose of this multicenter clinical trial is to 

determine the efficacy of treatments to prevent or delay 

the development of type 2 diabetes in a population at 

high risk due to the presence of impaired glucose tolerance. The Phase II trial will continue to follow the 

original cohort to determine the long-term effects of the 

interventions (metforminon versus lifestyle) on further 

diabetes development, microvascular outcomes, and 

CVD and CVD risk factors. Forty-five percent of participants are from diverse minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,100,000

Total Funding to Date—$1,100,000

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —DK-048339

2. Albert Einstein College of Medicine of 

Yeshiva University 

Bronx, New York —DK-048349

3. University of Colorado 

Aurora, Colorado —DK-048375

4. Louisiana State University 

Pennington Biomedical Research Center 

Baton Rouge, Louisiana —DK-048377

5. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —DK-048380

6. University of Chicago 

Chicago, Illinois —DK-048381

7. MEDSTAR Research Institute 

Hyattsville, Maryland —DK-048387

8. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —DK-048397

9. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —DK-048400

10. St. Luke’s Roosevelt Institute 

for Health Sciences 

New York, New York —DK-048404

11. Indiana University-Purdue 

University at Indianapolis 

Indianapolis, Indiana —DK-048406
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

12. University of New Mexico 

Albuquerque, New Mexico —DK-048407

13. University of Tennessee Health 

Science Center 

Memphis, Tennessee —DK-048411

14. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —DK-048412

15. Seattle Institute for Biomedical 

and Clinical Research 

Seattle, Washington —DK-048413

16. University of Miami School of Medicine 

Coral Gables, Florida —DK-048434

17. Joslin Diabetes Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —DK-048437

18. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —DK-048443

19. Thomas Jefferson University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —DK-048468

20. George Washington University 

Washington, DC —DK-048489

21. University of Texas 

Health Science Center 

San Antonio, Texas —DK-048514

EDTA Chelation Therapy for Coronary Artery 

Disease, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this multisite, randomized trial is to 

determine the efficacy and safety of EDTA (ethylene 

diamine tetra-acetic acid) chelation therapy in individuals suffering from coronary artery disease.

Obligations

Funding History: 

 Fiscal Year 2009—$2,109,044

Total Funding to Date—$2,109,044

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Mount Sinai Medical Center 

Miami Beach, Florida —HL-092607

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this network is to accelerate research 

in the diagnosis and management of heart failure in 

order to improve outcomes through optimal application 

of existing therapies and evaluation of novel therapies. 

The network provides the necessary infrastructure to 

develop, coordinate, and conduct multiple collaborative 

clinical protocols to facilitate application of emerging 

basic science discoveries into clinical investigations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$7,938,673

Fiscal Years 2006–2008—$21,256,277

Total Funding to Date—$29,194,950

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Minneapolis Medical Research 

Foundation, Inc. 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-084861

2. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-084875

3. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-084877

4. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-084889 

5. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HL-084890

6. Morehouse School of Medicine 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-084891

7. University of Vermont and State 

Agriculture College 

Burlington, Vermont —HL-084899

8. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-084904

9. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine 

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-084907

10. Montreal Heart Institute 

Montreal, Quebec, Canada —HL-084931

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this multicenter randomized clinical 

trial is to determine the effect of a lifestyle intervention—designed to achieve and maintain weight loss 

over the long term through decreased caloric intake and 

exercise—in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. 

Participants have been randomly assigned to one of two 

interventions—either Lifestyle Intervention or Diabetes 

Support and Education—and will be followed for up to 

11.5 years. The trial will monitor major cardiovascular 

events, such as heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascularrelated death. Investigators will also examine the impact 

of the interventions on other cardiovascular diseaserelated outcomes, cardiovascular risk factors, all-cause 

mortality, diabetes control and complications, fitness, 

general health, and health-related quality of life and psychological outcomes. One of the 16 clinical centers is 

targeting American Indians. 
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2009—$4,000,000 

Total Funding to Date—$4,000,000

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —DK-057008

2. University of Tennessee Health 

Science Center 

Memphis, Tennessee —DK-057078

3. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —DK-057135

4. University of Colorado 

Denver, Colorado —DK-057151

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical 

Investigations in Cardiovascular Medicine, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to establish a network 

to evaluate newer surgical techniques, technologies, 

devices, and innovative pharmaceutical and bioengineered products directed at CVD to ensure that the 

public has access to the best procedures determined 

by careful assessment. The Network will also serve as 

a clinical trials training ground for fellows and junior 

faculty. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$3,210,240

Fiscal Years 2007–2008—$14,689,861

Total Funding to Date—$17,900,101

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Virginia, Charlottesville 

Charlottesville, Virginia —HL-088925

2. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-088928

3. Albert Einstein College of Medicine 

of Yeshiva University 

Bronx, New York —HL-088939

4. Columbia University Health Sciences 

New York, New York —HL-088942

5. Mount Sinai School of Medicine 

New York, New York —HL-088951

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-088953

7. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-088955

8. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-088957

9. Montreal Heart Institute 

Montreal, Quebec, Canada —HL-088963

Pediatric Heart Network, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2001

The objective of this study is to establish a clinical 

network to evaluate novel treatment methods and 

management strategies for children with structural 

congenital heart disease, inflammatory heart disease, 

heart muscle disease, or arrhythmias.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$7,637,122

Fiscal Years 2001–2008—$48,440,735

Total Funding to Date—$56,077,857

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-068269

2. New England Research Institute, Inc. 

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-068270

3. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-068279

4. Medical University of South Carolina 

Charleston, South Carolina —HL-068281

5. Children’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-068285

6. Hospital for Sick Children 

Toronto, Ontario —HL-068288

7. Columbia University Health Sciences 

New York, New York —HL-068290

8. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-068292

9. Children’s Hospital Medical Center 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-085057

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS)—

Data and Operations Center, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

The purpose of this study is to create a body of data 

to understand more fully the effect of HIV on sexual 

maturation, pubertal development, and socialization of 

perinatally HIV-infected preadolescents and adolescents, 

and to acquire more definitive information regarding 

long-term safety of antiretroviral agents when used during pregnancy and in newborns.
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Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$500,000

Fiscal Years 2006–2008—$1,990,000

Total Funding to Date—$2,490,000

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Harvard University 

Boston, Massachusetts —HD-052102

Practice-Based Opportunity for Weight 

Reduction (POWER) Trials,*

 Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

The purpose of this study is to conduct randomized 

clinical trials in routine clinical practice settings to test 

the effectiveness of weight loss interventions in obese 

patients who have one or more additional cardiovascular risk factors. An important secondary focus of these 

effectiveness clinical trials is to incorporate the weight 

loss strategies with approaches to improve application of 

evidence-based guidelines to reduce the other cardiovascular risk factors commonly present in obese patients, 

such as elevated lipids, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, or cigarette smoking. All of the participants will be from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$3,728,927

Fiscal Years 2006–2008—$9,937,264

Total Funding to Date—$13,666,191

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-087071

2. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-087072

3. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-087085

Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing 

of Warfarin Therapy, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2008

The purpose of this clinical trial is to compare two 

approaches to the initiation of warfarin therapy for optimal anticoagulation. One approach is based on algorithms using clinical information and an individual’s 

genotype using genes known to influence warfarin 

response (“genotype-guided dosing”), and the other is 

based on algorithms using only clinical information 

(“clinical-guided dosing”).

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2009—$3,530,000

Fiscal Year 2008—$2,637,062 

Total Funding to Date—$6,167,062

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HV-88210

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial 

(SPRINT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to establish a clinical network to test the effects of intensive lowering 

of systolic blood pressure (SBP) on preventing CVD. 

Approximately 7,500 participants will be randomized 

into one of two groups—either the lower SBP goal of 

less than 120 mmHg or the standard SBP goal of less 

than 140 mmHg. The primary composite endpoints will 

be CVD mortality and non-fatal MI, stroke, and heart 

failure.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2009—$7,508,288 

Total Funding to Date—$7,508,288 

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Wake Forest University Health 

Science Center

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95240

2. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HC-95255

3. University of Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-95256

4. Wake Forest University Health 

Science Center 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina — HC-95257

5. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HC-95258

Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for 

Young Adults, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to conduct two-phase 

clinical research studies to develop and evaluate innovative behavioral and environmental approaches for 

* Formerly known as Weight-Loss in Obese Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
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weight control in young adults. The first phase will 

consist of research to refine the proposed intervention, 

recruitment, retention, and adherence strategies. The 

second phase will consist of a randomized controlled 

trial to test the efficacy of the intervention. The study 

will target ethnically and socioeconomically diverse 

adults, ages 18–35 years, who are at high risk of gaining 

weight (e.g., having an overweight parent, postpartum 

women, becoming a parent). 

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2009—$4,656,109 

Total Funding to Date—$4,656,109

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Tennessee Health 

Science Center 

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-096628

2. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-096715

3. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-096720

4. Cornell University 

Ithaca, New York —HL-096760

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-096767

6. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-096770

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy 

in Adults With Preserved Ejection Fraction 

Congestive Heart Failure (TOPCAT), Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of aldosterone antagonist therapy to reduce mortality in patients who have heart failure with preserved 

systolic function.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$4,407,564

Fiscal Years 2004–2008—$21,608,801

Total Funding to Date—$26,016,365

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. New England Research Institutes, Inc. 

Watertown, Massachusetts —HC-45207

Women’s Health Initiative, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1992

The purpose of the WHI is to study cardiovascular 

disease, cancer, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal 

women. The program consists of three major components: randomized controlled clinical trials of HRT, 

dietary modification, and calcium/vitamin D supplementation; an observational study to identify predictors of 

disease; and a study of community approaches to developing healthful behaviors.

In 2007, the WHI began a program to maximize the 

scientific yield from the biologic resources and associated participant exposure and outcome data from the 

study. The program seeks innovative technologies that 

will enable comprehensive investigation of sets of markers associated with disease outcomes or treatment effects, 

or of groups of mediators that might explain the pathway 

of exposure or treatment effects on disease outcomes.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$30,615,041

Fiscal Years 1992–2008**—$760,047,045

Total Funding to Date—$790,662,086

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-22110

2. University of Medicine and Dentistry 

of New Jersey

Newark, New Jersey —WH-24152

3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-32100

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —WH-32101

5. University of Iowa College of Medicine 

Iowa City, Iowa —WH-32102

6. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —WH-32105

7. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —WH-32106

8. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —WH-32108

9. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —WH-32109

10. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —WH-32111

** This figure reflects funding for the clinical trials and observational studies only. From 1992 to 1998, major support was provided through the Office of 

the Director, NIH. The Community Prevention Study receives funding through an inter-Agency agreement with the CDC: $4,000,000 in FY 1999 and 

$12,000,000 from FY 1996–1998.
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11. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —WH-32112

12. University of California, Davis 

Davis, California —WH-32113

13. University of Arizona 

Tucson, Arizona —WH-32115

14. University of Tennessee 

Memphis, Tennessee —WH-32118

15. Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island 

Pawtucket, Rhode Island —WH-32119

16. State University of New York at Buffalo 

Buffalo, New York —WH-32122

17. University of California, Irvine 

Irvine, California —WH-42107

18. George Washington University 

Washington, DC —WH-42108

19. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —WH-42109

20. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —WH-42110

21. University of Texas 

Health Science Center 

San Antonio, Texas —WH-42111

22. Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —WH-42112

23. University of Nevada 

School of Medicine 

Reno, Nevada —WH-42113

24. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 

Oakland, California —WH-42114

25. State University of New York at 

Stony Brook 

Stony Brook, New York —WH-42115

26. University of Massachusetts Medical 

School 

Worcester, Massachusetts —WH-42116

27. University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —WH-42117

28. Wayne State University 

Detroit, Michigan —WH-42118

29. Albert Einstein College of Medicine 

New York, New York —WH-42119

30. Harbor-UCLA Research and Education 

Institute 

Torrance, California —WH-42120

31. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 

Oakland, California —WH-42121

32. Medical College of Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —WH-42122

33. MedStar Research Institute 

Washington, DC —WH-42123

34. Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s 

Medical Center 

Chicago, Illinois —WH-42124

35. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —WH-42125

36. University of Cincinnati 

Medical Center 

Cincinnati, Ohio —WH-42126

37. University of Florida 

College of Medicine 

Gainesville, Florida —WH-42129

38. University of Hawaii at Manoa 

Honolulu, Hawaii —WH-42130

39. University of Miami 

Miami, Florida —WH-42131

40. University of Wisconsin 

Madison, Wisconsin —WH-42132

41. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —WH-44221

42. Albert Einstein College of Medicine 

New York, New York —WH-74310

43. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —WH-74311

44. California Pacific Medical Center 

San Francisco, California —WH-74312

45. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-74313

46. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-74314

47. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-74315

48. The Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —WH-74316

49. Tufts University 

Boston, Massachusetts —WH-74317

50. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —WH-74318

51. University of California, Davis 

Davis, California —WH-74319

52. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —WH-74320

53. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —WH-74321

54. Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —WH-94341

55. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —WH-94342

56. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-94343

57. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-94344

58. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-94346 

59. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-94347

60. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-94348
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61. Albert Einstein College of Medicine 

New York, New York —WH-94349

62. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —WH-94350

Lung Diseases Program

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical 

Network (ARDSNet), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1994

The purpose of this network is to develop and conduct randomized controlled clinical trials to prevent, 

treat, and improve the outcome of patients with acute 

lung injury, ARDS, and other related critical illnesses.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$6,195,077

Fiscal Years 1994–2008—$65,339,896

Total Funding to Date—$71,534,973

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Baystate Medical Center 

Springfield, Massachusetts —HR-56165

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HR-56166

3. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center 

Denver, Colorado —HR-56167

4. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of 

Medicine-Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-56168

5. Duke University Medical Center 

Durham, North Carolina —HR-56169

6. John Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-56170

7. LDS Hospital 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-56171

8. Louisiana State University 

New Orleans, Louisiana —HR-56172

9. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HR-56173

10. Vanderbilt University Medical Center 

Nashville, Tennessee —HR-56174

11. Wake Forest University Health Sciences 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HR-56175

12. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine 

Rochester, Minnesota —HR-56176

13. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-56179

Asthma Network (AsthmaNet), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this network is to develop and 

conduct multiple clinical trials to address the most 

important asthma management questions and new treatment approaches in pediatric and adult populations. 

Investigators will identify optimal therapies for a variety 

of asthma phenotypes, genotypes, and racial and ethnic 

backgrounds. They will also conduct a limited number 

of proof-of-concept studies to advance the development of innovative therapies and perform studies to 

investigate the mechanistic bases for the interventions. 

Approximately 30 percent of the participants will be 

from diverse minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$8,300,000

Total Funding to Date—$8,300,000

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. National Jewish Health 

Denver, Colorado —HL-098075

2. University of Wisconsin, Madison 

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-098090

3. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HL-098096

4. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-098098

5. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-098102

6. Wake Forest University Health 

Science Center 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-098103

7. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-098107

8. University of Arizona 

Tucson, Arizona —HL-098112

9. Pennsylvania State University 

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-098115

10. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-098177

COPD Clinical Research Network, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this network is to investigate disease 

management approaches in patients with moderate-tosevere COPD and to ensure that the findings are rapidly 

disseminated to the medical community.
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Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$3,150,000

Fiscal Years 2003–2008—$40,030,386

Total Funding to Date—$43,180,386

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Harbor-UCLA Research 

and Education Institute 

Torrance, California —HL-074407

2. Temple University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-074408

3. Denver Health and Hospital Authority 

Denver, Colorado —HL-074409

4. Minnesota Veterans Research Institute 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-074416

5. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-074418

6. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-074422

7. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-074424

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074428

9. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-074431

10. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-074439

11. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-074441

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this network is to establish six to 

seven clinical centers to design and perform multiple 

therapeutic trials for treatment of patients with newly 

diagnosed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and a Data 

Coordinating Center for the network.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$7,324,944

Fiscal Years 2005–2008—$25,205,892

Total Funding to Date—$32,530,836

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine 

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-080274

2. Vanderbilt University 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-080370

3. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-080371

4. Weill Medical College of Cornell University 

New York, New York —HL-080383

5. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —HL-080411

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-080413

7. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HL-080509

8. Tulane University of Louisiana 

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-080510

9. University of Chicago 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-080513

10. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-080543

11. National Jewish Medical and 

Research Center 

Denver, Colorado —HL-080571

12. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-080685

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to determine the effectiveness and safety of long-term, home-administered 

oxygen therapy in patients with COPD. Approximately 

3,200 patients with moderate COPD will be enrolled to 

determine whether supplemental oxygen can improve 

their quality of life and extend their lifespan. Research 

findings will help Medicare decide whether to extend 

coverage for home oxygen treatment for patients with 

moderately severe disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$202,302

Fiscal Years 2007–2008—$16,250,145

Total Funding to Date—$16,452,447

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-76183

2. Cleveland Clinic Foundation 

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-76184

3. Denver Health and Hospital Authority 

Denver, Colorado —HR-76185

4. Duke University Medical Center 

Durham, North Carolina —HR-76186

5. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals 

Portland, Oregon —HR-76187
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6. Los Angeles Biomedical 

Institute/Harbor-UCLA 

Los Angeles, California —HR-76188

7. The Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —HR-76189

8. Temple University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-76190

9. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HR-76191

10. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-76192

11. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-76193

12. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-76194

13. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HR-76195

14. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HR-76196

15. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-76197

National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1997

The NETT was designed to determine the role, safety, 

and effectiveness of lung volume reduction surgery in 

the treatment of severe emphysema. Investigators continue to analyze data from the original NETT Master 

Data set and to publish their findings.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$285,156

Fiscal Years 1997–2008—$36,203,000

Total Funding to Date—$36,488,156

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-76119

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome 

Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to define pathogenetically 

homogeneous subgroups of COPD subjects on the basis 

of biomarkers, genotypes, and computed tomography 

images and to identify immediate outcome measures 

for use in future clinical studies. Secondary aims are to 

clarify the natural history of COPD; develop bioinformatic resources that will enable the use and sharing of 

data in studies of COPD and related diseases; and create 

a collection of clinical, biomarker, radiographic, and 

genetic data that can be used by external investigators 

for other studies of COPD.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2009—$2,081,851 

Total Funding to Date—$2,081,851

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HR-96199

2. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —HR-96200

3. Columbia University 

New York, New York —HR-96201

4. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-96202

5. University of Utah, 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-96203

6. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HR-96204

7. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HR-96205

8. University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HR-96206

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this network is to promote the efficient comparison of novel treatment methods and management strategies of potential benefit for children and 

adults undergoing blood or marrow transplantation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$6,350,697

Fiscal Years 2001–2008—$50,147,120

Total Funding to Date—$56,497,817

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Nebraska Medical Center 

Omaha, Nebraska —HL-069233

2. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-069246

3. Dana Farber Cancer Institute 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-069249

4. National Childhood Cancer Foundation 

Arcadia, California —HL-069254
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5. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-069273

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069274

7. City of Hope Medical Center 

Duarte, California —HL-069278

8. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-069286

9. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-069290

10. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HL-069291

11. Medical College of Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-069294

12. University of Florida 

Gainesville, Florida —HL-069301

13. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-069310

14. Sloan Kettering Institute 

for Cancer Research 

New York, New York —HL-069315

15. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-069330

16. University of Texas 

M.D. Anderson Cancer Center 

Houston, Texas —HL-069334

17. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-069348

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial 

(BABY HUG), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this clinical trial is to determine 

if hydroxyurea therapy is effective in prevention of 

chronic end organ damage in pediatric patients with 

sickle cell anemia.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,703,918

Fiscal Years 2000–2008—$20,143,615

Total Funding to Date—$21,847,533

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Children’s Research Institute 

Washington, DC —HB-07150

2. Duke University Medical Center 

Durham, North Carolina —HB-07151

3. Howard University

Washington, DC —HB-07152

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07153

5. Medical University of South Carolina 

Charleston, South Carolina —HB-07154

6. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 

Memphis, Tennessee —HB-07155

7. The Research Foundation of SUNY 

New York, New York —HB-07156

8. University of Miami 

Miami, Florida —HB-07157

9. University of Mississippi Medical Center 

Jackson, Mississippi —HB-07158

10. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center 

Dallas, Texas —HB-07159

11. Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation 

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07160

Sildenafil for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated 

Pulmonary Hypertension, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

The purpose of this clinical trial is to evaluate the 

safety and efficacy of 18 weeks of therapy with sildenafil, a nitric oxide potentiator, in adult patients with SCD 

and pulmonary hypertension; exercise endurance and 

pulmonary artery pressure will be measured. Pulmonary 

hypertension occurs in up to 30 percent of SCD cases 

and is strongly associated with mortality in adults with 

SCD.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$962,952

Fiscal Years 2006–2008—$8,370,142

Total Funding to Date—$9,333,094

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc. 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HB-67182

2. Imperial College of London 

London, England —HB-67183

3. Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HB-67184

4. University of Colorado 

Denver, Colorado —HB-67185

5. Children’s Hospital and Research Center 

at Oakland 

Oakland, California —HB-67186

6. University of Illinois at Chicago 

Chicago, Illinois —HB-67187

7. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-67188
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

8. Howard University

Washington, DC —HB-67189

9. Albert Einstein College of Medicine of 

Yeshiva University 

New York, New York —HB-67190

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this network is to accelerate research 

in the management of thalassemia, standardize existing 

treatments, and evaluate new ones in a network of clinical centers.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$657,580

Fiscal Years 2000–2008—$22,006,021

Total Funding to Date—$22,663,601

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-065232

2. Hospital for Sick Children 

Toronto, Ontario —HL-065233

3. New England Research Institute, Inc. 

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-065238

4. Children’s Hospital and Research 

Center at Oakland 

Oakland, California —HL-065239

5. Weill Medical College 

of Cornell University 

New York, New York —HL-065244

6. Children’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065260

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this network is to promote the efficient comparison of new management strategies for 

individuals with hemostatic disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and to evaluate new and existing blood 

products and cytokines for treatment of hematologic 

disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2009—$6,541,087

Fiscal Years 2002–2008—$43,909,114

Total Funding to Date—$50,450,201

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-072028

2. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-072033

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072072

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072191

5. Weill Medical College of 

Cornell University 

New York, New York —HL-072196

6. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-072248

7. New England Research Institutes, Inc. 

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-072268

8. Tulane University of Louisiana 

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-072274

9. University of Oklahoma 

Health Sciences Center 

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-072283

10. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-072289

11. Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-072290

12. Children’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072291

13. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072299

14. Puget Sound Blood Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-072305

15. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-072331

16. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-072346

17. University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-072355

18. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072359
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Chapter 12. Minority Activities

12. Minority Activities

Throughout its history, the NHLBI has been a 

leader in conducting and supporting research to eliminate health disparities that exist between various 

segments of the U.S. population. The Institute has 

not only initiated research projects with significant 

minority participation to compare health status 

between various populations, but has also given high 

priority to programs that focus exclusively on minority health issues.

Since FY 1991, the Institute has had procedures in 

place to ensure full compliance with the NIH Policy 

on Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in 

Clinical Research. As a result, all NHLBI-supported 

research that involves human subjects includes 

minorities, with the exception of a very few projects 

for which a compelling justification for limited diversity in the study population exists. Thus, all segments of the population, minority and nonminority, 

women, and children, stand to benefit from the 

Institute’s research programs.

It has long been a goal of the NHLBI to increase 

the number of individuals from underrepresented 

groups in biomedical and behavioral research. 

Selected FY 2009 activities addressing this goal 

include the following:

• Historically Black Colleges and Universities 

(HBCU) Research Scientist Award and the 

Research Scientist Award for Minority Institutions: Strengthens the biomedical and behavioral research capabilities and resources of 

HBCUs or minority institutions by recruiting an 

established research scientist in areas related to 

cardiovascular, lung, or blood health and disease; transfusion medicine; or sleep disorders

• Sickle Cell Scholars Program: Supports career 

development of young or new investigators in 

SCD research as part of the BTRP

• Summer for Sickle Cell Science Program: 

Supports research training and mentoring of 

individuals at the high school level as part of the 

BTRP

• Clinical Research Education and Career Development in Minority Institutions: Encourages the 

development and implementation of curriculumdependent programs in minority institutions to 

train selected doctoral and postdoctoral candidates in clinical research leading to a Master of 

Science Degree in Clinical Research or Master 

of Public Health Degree in a clinically relevant 

area

• Minority Undergraduate Biomedical Education 

Program: Encourages development of pilot 

demonstration programs at minority undergraduate educational institutions to recruit and retain 

talented undergraduate students in the biomedical sciences

• Summer Institute Program To Increase Diversity 

in Health-Related Research: Enables faculty 

and scientists from underrepresented racial and 

ethnic groups or with disabilities to advance 

their research skills and knowledge in basic and 

applied sciences relevant to heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders, so that they 

can compete for funding for scientific research 

in the biomedical and behavioral sciences

The Office of Research Training and Minority 

Health (ORTMH) within the Office of the Director 

provides oversight for, and coordinates, supports, 

and evaluates Institute programs related to minority 

health outcomes, including research, research training and career development, public outreach, and 

translation of research findings. The ORTMH also 

coordinates activities to foster greater participation of 

underrepresented minorities in NHLBI research and 

research training and career development programs. 

Selected FY 2009 activities include the following:

• Issuing four training and career development 

RFAs to increase the number of highly trained 

minorities conducting biomedical and behavioral 

research. Additional targeted groups include 

individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds 

and individuals with disabilities

• Participating in HHS-Endorsed Minority 

Organization Internship Programs by supporting 

positions in NHLBI extramural and intramural 
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activities

divisions for students from the National Association 

for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education, the 

Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities, 

the Washington Internships for Native Students 

programs, and the Directors of Health Promotion 

and Education Internship Program/CDC

• Cosponsoring with the NIH, the Cherokee Elementary School Project: Out of the Box, which is 

designed to create awareness and interest in the 

importance of science, medicine, and health; eliminate gaps in quality of health among minorities by 

encouraging health-related careers; and encourage 

children to take responsibility for their own health

• Supporting the African American, Hispanic, and 

Native American Youth Initiatives to bring minority 

students to the NIH campus for scientific presentations, an introduction to NHLBI research training 

and career development programs, and a tour of 

NHLBI laboratories

• Providing undergraduate students from the Tougaloo 

College Scholars program an opportunity to learn 

about the NIH, biomedical research, and research 

training opportunities at the NHLBI during a 3-day 

tour of the NIH

• Serving as a Web site resource for recruitment of 

minority individuals into the Ruth L. Kirschstein 

Institutional National Research Service Award (T32)

• Increasing recruitment of individuals for the NHLBI 

intramural and extramural training programs by representing the Institute at five minority-focused 

research meetings to raise awareness of research and 

research training and career development opportunities available from the NHLBI

• Coordinating the Biomedical Research Training 

Program for Individuals from Underrepresented 

Groups, which offers opportunities for underrepresented undergraduate, postbaccalaureate, and 

graduate students to receive training in fundamental 

biomedical sciences and clinical research as they 

relate to the etiology and treatment of heart, blood 

vessel, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders

• Serving as the NHLBI contact for guidance to candidates applying for the NIH Pathway to Independence (PI) Award (K99/R00) and the NHLBI Career 

Transition Award (K22) for extramural programmatic issues

See Chapter 13 for additional NHLBI-supported 

minority research training and career development 

programs.

The following text describes selected current projects 

that focus on minority populations and reflect the 

Institute’s research portfolio related to minority health. 

Additional information can be found in Chapters 9–11.

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Risk Factors

Epidemiology

Long-term epidemiologic studies are critical to uncovering risk factors that lead to disease. The Institute has 

initiated several major studies of heart disease focused 

significantly or completely on minority populations:

• CARDIA (see Chapter 10): To determine the evolution of CHD risk factors and lifestyle characteristics 

in young adults that may influence development of 

risk factors prior to middle age. Fifty percent of 

participants are black.

• ARIC (see Chapter 10): To investigate the association of CHD risk factors with development of 

atherosclerosis and CVD in an adult population. 

Thirty percent of participants are black.

• CHS (see Chapter 10): To examine risk factors for 

CHD and stroke in the elderly. Sixteen percent of 

participants are black.

• Strong Heart Study (see Chapter 9): To compare 

risk factor levels and morbidity and mortality from 

CVD among American Indians from three different 

geographic locations.

• JHS (see Chapter 10): To identify environmental 

and genetic factors influencing evolution and progression of CVD in blacks.

• MESA (see Chapter 10): To examine the characteristics of subclinical CVD that predict progression 

to clinically overt CVD and related risk factors that 

predict subclinical disease in blacks, whites, 

Hispanics, and Asians. Sixty-two percent of 

participants are from minority populations.

• GOCADAN (see Chapter 9): To document CVD 

risk factors and measures of subclinical disease and 

to identify and characterize genes that contribute to 

CVD in approximately 40 extended Alaska Native 

families.

• HCHS (see Chapter 10): To identify risk factors for 

cardiovascular and lung disease in Hispanic populations in the United States and determine the role of 

acculturation in their prevalence and development.
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The Institute supports components of the NHANES 

that track the prevalence of disease and risk factors for 

cardiovascular and lung diseases by race and ethnicity in 

the U.S. population.

Ancillary studies to MESA are investigating subclinical CVD in ethnic minority groups. They include investigations of regional left ventricular function, progression 

of calcification in the aorta, abnormalities in the small 

vessels of the retina, association of air pollution and subclinical CVD, lung function in relation to endothelial 

dysfunction and biomarkers, identification of genes for 

subclinical CVD, and relationships of sociodemographic 

factors and other factors to subclinical CVD.

The Institute is supporting additional epidemiologic 

investigations that include a project to use pooled data 

from nine existing U.S. studies to compare between 

blacks and whites, CHD incidence and mortality rates, 

exposure–outcome relationships, patterns of comorbidity, 

and population attributable risk; and a study to evaluate 

and compare the extent of atherosclerosis and risk factors 

for CHD in three different populations: U.S. (75 percent 

white and 25 percent black), Japanese Americans in 

Hawaii, and Japanese in Japan.

Treatment and Prevention

Although great progress has been achieved in reducing CVD morbidity and mortality in the United States 

over the past 40 years, minorities have not shared fully in 

the progress and continue to have higher CVD morbidity. 

To address this problem, the Institute has initiated programs directed at reducing cardiovascular health 

disparities:

• Cultural Competence and Health Disparities 

Academic Award Program: To enhance the ability 

of physicians and other health care professionals to 

address, in a culturally sensitive manner, disparities 

in the occurrence, management, and outcomes of 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders among various population groups in the 

United States. The award addresses ethnic, cultural, 

religious, socioeconomic, linguistic, and other factors that contribute to health disparities and seeks 

culturally competent approaches to mitigating them.

• Community-Responsive Interventions To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in American Indians and 

Alaska Natives (see Chapter 11): To test the 

effectiveness of culturally appropriate behavioral 

interventions that promote adoption of healthy 

lifestyles (healthy diet, regular physical activity, 

smoking cessation, and stress management) related 

to heart disease and stroke risk in American Indians 

and Alaska Natives.

• Effect of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination/Bias on 

Health Care Delivery: To improve the measurement 

of racial/ethnic discrimination in health care delivery systems and enhance understanding of the influence of such discrimination and its association with 

health disparities among disadvantaged racial/ethnic 

minority groups. Research results should lead to the 

development of interventions that are focused on 

reducing or eliminating discrimination in health care 

delivery. Fifty percent of participants will be black.

• Behavioral and Social Science Research on Understanding and Reducing Health Disparities: To 

encourage behavioral and social science research on 

the causes of and solutions to health and disabilities 

disparities in the U.S. population and to develop and 

test more effective interventions for reducing and 

eventually eliminating health disparities.

Education

The NHLBI, through the DARD, seeks to translate 

research findings into practice by communicating 

research advances effectively and disseminating health 

information to physicians, health care professionals, 

patients, and the public on ways to prevent or treat diseases within the Institute’s mandate.

The Division has developed the Community Health 

Worker (CHW) Initiative as a community-based strategy 

to help improve cardiovascular health among various 

cultural/ethnic groups in the United States: black, 

Hispanic, American Indian, Alaska Native, and Filipino.

• NHLBI–U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development HOPE VI: To address cardiovascular 

health disparities in public housing settings. With 

the aid of the NHLBI heart health curriculum, residents of the black community are trained to become 

educators of other public housing residents.

• NHLBI–Health Resources and Services Administration Bureau of Primary Care Partnership: To integrate clinical care management teams and trained 

community health educators to implement pilot programs for blacks, Hispanics, and Filipinos in the 

United States who are at high risk for CVD.
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• Salud para su Corazón: To develop networks to disseminate information and strategies about CVD prevention and control by promoting heart healthy 

behaviors in Hispanic communities.

• NHLBI–Pan American Health Organization/WHO 

Partnership To Promote Cardiovascular Health in 

the Americas: To develop and evaluate communitybased interventions to prevent and control CVD risk 

factors among low-resource communities in Argentina, Chile, and Guatemala.

• Honoring the Gift of Heart Health: To develop and 

evaluate community-based interventions to prevent 

and control CVD risk factors through education and 

outreach using tribal community health workers and 

community health educators.

• Healthy Heart, Healthy Family: To develop and 

evaluate culturally and linguistically appropriate 

outreach activities and information to increase community awareness of heart disease and its associated 

risk factors and to promote heart healthy lifestyles 

among the growing Filipino population in the 

United States.

• The Heart Truth Campaign: To raise awareness of 

heart disease in women through community-based 

interventions. Special populations are especially 

targeted through the Heart Truth’s Women of Color 

Initiative, a partnership with national black and Hispanic organizations.

In addition to the activities mentioned above, the 

Institute has prepared publications on CVD prevention 

for minority populations. They include the following:

• With Every Heartbeat Is Life: A Community Health 

Worker’s Manual for African Americans

• On the Move to Better Heart Health for African 

Americans

• Honoring the Gift of Heart Health: A Heart Health 

Educational Manual for American Indians and 

Alaska Natives

• Your Choice for Change: Honoring the Gift of Heart 

Health for American Indians

• Healthy Heart, Healthy Family: A Community 

Health Worker’s Manual for the Filipino Community 

in English and Tagalog

• Vietnamese Aspire for Healthy Hearts in Vietnamese 

and English

• Your Heart Is Golden: Heart Health Promotion 

Activities for Vietnamese Communities

• Your Heart, Your Life: A Health Educator’s Manual 

for the Latino Community in English and Spanish

• Healthy Homes, Healthy Hearts Series (six easy-toread English and Spanish booklets on heart healthy 

living)

• Bringing Heart Health to Latinos: A Guide for 

Building Community Programs

• The Heart Truth for African American Women: An 

Action Plan

• The Heart Truth for Latinas: An Action Plan

The educational materials listed throughout this chapter can be obtained from the NHLBI public Web site or 

through the NHLBI online catalog.

Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a disorder of the normal rhythms of the 

heart, whereby it beats too fast (tachycardia), too slow 

(bradycardia), or irregularly. The NHLBI is supporting 

basic and genetic research on the mechanisms that underlie cardiac arrhythmias to improve diagnosis, treatment, 

and prevention of arrhythmias in all racial and ethnic 

groups in the United States. One study is investigating 

the genetic basis and electrophysiological mechanisms of 

Ca2+ triggered arrhythmias in inherited diseases and 

syndromes—such as catecholaminergic polymorphic 

ventricular tachycardia, long QT syndrome, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy—as a means to improve understanding of the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac arrest. 

Another study is evaluating variants of the gene 

NOS1AP that affect the QT interval in different racial 

populations, including blacks and Hispanics. A third 

study is evaluating the distributions of electrocardiographic predictors of atrial fibrillation in different ethnic 

groups to identify whether minority populations may 

have a higher risk for this arrhythmia than whites.

Scientists have identified an association between variations in certain receptors that are activated during sympathetic nervous system stimulation and an increased risk 

of sudden cardiac death, most often due to ventricular 

arrhythmia. Although significant differences in associated risk of sudden cardiac death were not found between 

blacks and whites, continued research is expected to 
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advance understanding of differences in genetic predisposition for cardiac arrhythmias among racial and ethnic 

groups and ultimately lead to improved therapy.

Investigators identified two mutations in a gene encoding the major intracellular calcium release channel in two 

cases of SIDS. One mutation was identified in 1 of 50 

black infants and the other in 1 of 83 white infants. 

Researchers reported a pathogenic mechanism for SIDS, 

whereby SIDS-linked mutant ion channels become 

“leaky” during stress and thus potentially trigger fatal 

cardiac arrhythmias. Importantly, researchers have found 

further evidence that cardiac arrhythmias of genetic origin contribute to SIDS, a concept that offers a chance to 

prevent some avoidable tragedies.

Heart Failure

Heart failure (heart muscle dysfunction) affects about 

5 million Americans of all ethnicities and is a growing 

public health concern. It is frequently the end result of 

other conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and 

prior heart attacks.

The NHLBI is supporting basic and clinical research 

associated with heart failure that will benefit Americans 

of all ethnicities. One Institute-initiated study is facilitating the translation of basic science discoveries into clinical applications:

• Heart Failure Clinical Research Network (see Chapter 9): To develop, coordinate, and conduct multiple 

collaborative proof-of-concept clinical protocols to 

improve heart failure outcomes. The Network has 

been expanded to include a historically black medical center with minority investigators and access to a 

high-risk, underserved population.

Other research targeting minority populations includes 

an investigation of genetic variations (especially those 

common in blacks) that affect individual responses to the 

beta blocker drugs used to treat heart failure; a study of 

underlying genetic variations that result in familial 

dilated cardiomyopathy, an inherited form of heart dysfunction; and a study on angioedema—a severe allergic 

reaction and a life-threatening side effect of ACEinhibitor drugs that is more common in blacks than in 

whites. Investigators are determining the mechanisms 

that cause this side effect and are studying the genetic 

profile of affected individuals and their families to determine who should avoid taking the drugs.

Individuals with heart failure typically have a poor 

prognosis and a diminished quality of life. Depression is 

common, and it worsens functional impairment and quality of life, and decreases chances of survival. An investigator-initiated study is seeking to determine whether 

cognitive behavioral intervention is superior to supportive clinical management for depressed outpatients with 

heart failure. Thirty percent of participants are expected 

to be black. 

An investigator-initiated, multicenter observational 

clinical study is being conducted to improve the ability 

of physicians to identify and treat appropriately patients 

who are at high risk for serious complications from heart 

failure. Participants will comprise individuals who visit 

the emergency department at one of three hospitals that 

treats racially and socioeconomically diverse patients. 

High Blood Pressure

Etiology and Pathophysiology

High blood pressure is a serious health problem that is 

especially prevalent and severe among minorities. The 

NHLBI supports a number of investigator-initiated studies to identify genes linked to hypertension in blacks, 

Mexican Americans, and whites to determine if part of 

the disparity in prevalence can be attributed to genetic 

differences among the groups. Genes under investigation 

include those associated with the renin-angiotensin system, the autonomic nervous system, and sodium 

transport.

The role of dietary factors, particularly macronutrients, in the etiology of high blood pressure is another 

area of investigation. Scientists are conducting epidemiologic studies among participants with diverse ethnicity, 

SES, and dietary habits in four countries to determine the 

effect of selected dietary components (proteins, lipids, 

carbohydrates, amino acids, calcium, magnesium, 

sodium, potassium, antioxidants, fiber, and caffeine) on 

blood pressure. Another study is seeking to identify the 

link between healthy diet, genetic factors, and their 

underlying biological mechanisms.

Treatment and Prevention

An investigator-initiated ancillary study to ALLHAT, 

the largest hypertension clinical trial conducted by the 

NHLBI, is evaluating the pharmacogenetic response to 

antihypertensive treatment and long-term clinical 
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complications in blacks, whites, and Hispanics. Scientists seek to determine whether pharmacogenetics is a 

feasible approach to personalized therapy for 

hypertension.

The Institute also supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies to prevent hypertension and improve 

blood pressure control in racial and ethnic minorities. 

Interventions target both lay and medical communities. 

Strategies being tested include communication skill 

enhancement, organizational change, educational programs, lifestyle and nutritional counseling, use of technology, case management, pharmacy-based interventions, 

and provision of care by community health workers and 

other nontraditional providers.

Understanding racial differences in blood pressure 

control is an area of major interest for the Institute. 

Scientists are examining whether variations in genes of 

the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system predict differences in blood pressure response to diuretic therapy 

among hypertensive blacks and whites. Research also is 

being focused on variations in the ACE gene between 

blacks and whites to explain racial differences in the 

antihypertensive responsiveness to ACE inhibitors.

Education

The NHLBI has developed a number of outreach 

activities to inform minority populations of the importance of blood pressure control. Included among them 

are a toll-free number that provides materials on hypertension in English or Spanish; mini telenovelas (Más 

vale prevenir que lamentar), “health moments” to reinforce CVD prevention for local Spanish-language television stations; a Spanish version of the High Blood 

Pressure Education Month Kit; and several publications 

and Web-based products for health professionals, 

patients, and the public. Some examples are:

• Plan de Alimentación Saludable Contra la 

Hipertensión: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta Siguiendo el Plan de Alimentación 

Conocida Como DASH (DASH to the Diet: Prevent 

and Control High Blood Pressure Following the 

DASH Eating Plan)

• Presión Arterial Alta: NHLBI Diseases and 

Conditions Index

• Sí se Puede: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta: Lo Que Usted Debe Saber Sobre la 

Preventión y Control de la Presión Arterial Alta 

(Prevent and Control High Blood Pressure: What 

You Should Know)

• Sí se Puede: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta: Lo Que los Médicos Deben Saber 

(Prevent and Control High Blood Pressure. What 

Every Physician Should Know)

• Keep the Beat: Control Your High Blood Pressure in 

English and Spanish

• Help Your Heart: Control Your High Blood Pressure

in Tagalog and English

• Keep Your Heart in Check—Know Your Blood 

Pressure Number in Vietnamese and English

• Prevent and Control High Blood Pressure: Mission 

Possible

High Serum Cholesterol

Etiology

The Institute supports investigator-initiated studies to 

identify genes that influence the lipoprotein profile 

within various racial and ethnic groups. Research findings could offer an explanation for differences in susceptibility to CHD found among various racial and ethnic 

groups. One project involving extended families of 

Mexican Americans in the San Antonio Family Heart 

Study has detected and mapped many quantitative trait 

loci (QTLs) for CVD risk factors, including some that 

influence HDL and LDL levels. Scientists will seek to 

determine the genes for the QTLs related to lipoproteins. 

Another study is focused on the variation in hepatic 

lipase activity that leads to differences in plasma concentrations of HDL and LDL synthesis and catabolism. 

Investigators are seeking to determine whether racial differences in hepatic lipase activity are responsible for the 

well-known differences in plasma HDL concentrations 

found in blacks and whites. Thirty-nine percent of participants are black.

 Prevention

The NHLBI is supporting an investigator-initiated 

study among minority preschool children to track the 

long-term effectiveness of nutrition interventions on diet 

and blood cholesterol levels. Additional potential risk 

factors such as increased blood pressure, obesity, and 

intention to smoke, will also be monitored.
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Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on blood cholesterol for minority audiences:

• Do You Know Your Cholesterol Levels? in English 

and Spanish

• Heart-Healthy Home Cooking African American 

Style

• Delicious Heart-Healthy Latino Recipes

• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Treat 

Your Heart to a Healthy Celebration!

• Be Heart Smart: Keep Your Cholesterol in Check in 

Tagalog and English

• Serve Up a Healthy Life—Give the Gift of Good 

Nutrition in Vietnamese and English

Obesity

Etiology

Obesity is a major health concern that affects children 

and adults. Minorities, including blacks and Mexican 

Americans, are especially at risk. Data from the 2003–

2006 NHANES show that 33 percent of adults and 

16 percent of children (aged 2–19 years) are obese. 

Understanding the causes of obesity could lead to effective strategies to combat this problem.

The Institute is supporting a program to study the 

effects of short sleep duration on mechanisms underlying 

weight gain and obesity:

• Mechanisms Linking Short Sleep Duration and Risk 

of Obesity or Overweight: To elucidate cause-andeffect relationships and mechanisms to explain associations between short sleep duration and increased 

risk of obesity or overweight due to altered metabolism, appetite, or inflammation. Blacks comprise 

29 percent of participants in one project, and Asians 

comprise 100 percent of participants in another 

project.

Researchers have found that black and Hispanic children are especially likely to develop sleep disordered 

breathing (sleep apnea). A new study in Hispanic adolescents is investigating the relationship between untreated 

sleep disordered breathing and the likelihood of being 

overweight, obese, or having problems with glucose 

metabolism (insulin resistance)—which may indicate 

susceptibility to developing diabetes and hypertension. 

Treatment and Prevention

The NHLBI has initiated programs to test approaches 

for treating or preventing obesity:

• WLM (see Chapter 9): To determine the effectiveness of continuous patient contact on weight loss 

maintenance in adults who recently lost weight; 

40 percent of the patients are black.

• POWER (see Chapter 11): To test the effectiveness 

of interventions delivered in routine clinical practice 

on achieving weight loss in obese patients who have 

other CVD risk factors (e.g., hypertension). One 

study focuses on a low-income minority population.

• Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young 

Adults (see Chapter 11): To develop and evaluate 

innovative approaches for weight control in young 

adults at high risk for weight gain. Participants will 

be ethnically and socioeconomically diverse.

• Translating Basic Behavior and Social Science 

Discoveries Into Interventions To Reduce Obesity 

(see Chapter 9): To translate findings from basic 

research on human behavior into more effective 

clinical, community, and population interventions 

to reduce obesity and improve obesity-related 

behaviors. Some of the studies are expected to 

have 50- to 100-percent participation from minority 

populations.

• Look AHEAD (see Chapter 11): To test the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in obese participants with type 2 diabetes over a long-term 

period. One of the clinical centers will direct its 

interventions toward American Indians.

The Institute supports a number of investigator-initiated studies on the effectiveness of obesity prevention 

and control interventions among diverse populations. 

One study is testing the effectiveness of weight-control 

interventions (involving diet, physical activity, psychosocial and familial influences) administered during the critical transition period from prepuberty to puberty in black 

girls at high risk for obesity. Another study in preadolescent black girls is evaluating the efficacy of an afterschool dance program and a family-based intervention 

involving reduced use of television, videotapes, and 

video games to reduce weight gain. A third study is testing an integrated school- and community-based intervention that involves physical activity and diet to reduce the 

prevalence of obesity among Asians, Hispanics, and 

whites.
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Blacks at high risk of CVD often have limited success 

in weight loss and lifestyle change programs. A study 

was initiated to examine the role of social support, particularly from family members and friends, to facilitate 

weight loss and related dietary and physical activity 

changes in blacks.

Hispanics are also an important population targeted 

for intervention programs. One project is studying the 

effects of physical activity and dietary behaviors in a 

microenvironment (i.e., home environment) and in a 

macroenvironment (i.e., apartment complex, schools, 

grocery stores, parks, restaurants). Community health 

workers (promotoras) are working with the families and 

the community to increase awareness and promote environmental change. Another project with strong Hispanic 

participation is evaluating how well an intervention, 

Planned Care for Obesity and Risk Reduction, supports 

primary care treatment of obesity in adults with at least 

one other cardiovascular risk factor. The study is seeking 

to improve the way primary care providers offer services 

to their patients who are overweight and who also have 

other important medical conditions or health risks such 

as hypertension, smoking, or high cholesterol.

Obesity is one of the major health challenges facing 

Native American children and has serious implications 

for the development of type 2 diabetes. A school-based 

intervention, augmented with a family intervention, is 

focusing on reducing excess weight gain by increasing 

physical activity and healthy dietary practices in kindergarten and first-grade Native American children.

Education

The NHLBI has prepared health information on losing 

excess weight for minorities:

• Do You Need To Lose Weight? in English and 

Spanish

• On the Move to Better Health for African Americans

• Keep the Beat: Aim for a Healthy Weight in Tagalog 

and English

• We Can!TM (Ways to Enhance Children’s Activity & 

Nutrition): Many bilingual (English and Spanish) 

publications on energy balance are available on the 

Web site

Physical Inactivity

Despite substantial research about the positive impact 

of physical activity on CVD and its risk factors, physical 

inactivity is highly prevalent, especially among minority 

populations. Researchers have observed an age-related 

decline in physical activity or aerobic capacity in the 

biracial cohorts of Institute-initiated longitudinal cohort 

studies (National Growth and Health Study and 

CARDIA). Those results, when coupled with findings 

from MESA and HCHS, have helped to increase understanding of the interrelationships of cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and CVD-related risk factors 

and endpoints, and may provide the basis for more specific evidence-based recommendations on the role of fitness in cardiovascular health among minority children 

and adults.

Physical inactivity among children is often attributed 

to lack of open space, lack of recreational equipment, and 

fear by parents for the safety of children playing outdoors. A study is being conducted to determine if an 

intervention that changes these neighborhood features in 

a low-income, inner-city neighborhood will increase 

physical activity in children. Components of CARDIA, 

MESA, and HCHS are also examining the effects of the 

neighborhood environment on physical activity. 

A longitudinal follow-up of the Trial of Activity for 

Adolescent Girls is examining the effects of a school–

community joint intervention on physical activity among 

middle school girls. 

A number of investigator-initiated studies are evaluating culturally appropriate interventions to increase physical activity. One study is using lay health advisors to 

increase moderate intensity physical activity among 

Mexican American women, a group with many countervailing family and community influences. Several studies are using faith-based approaches—including 

community-based participatory research approaches to 

engage church leaders and congregations— to increase 

activity levels in blacks. Other studies are testing culturally targeted interventions in schools or among pregnant 

women and mothers/parents with young children.

Several projects are using mobile phone technology to 

increase physical activity and decrease sedentary behaviors. These studies capitalize on recent advances in communication technologies, such as “smart phones” that 
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offer a potentially transformative platform to deliver convenient and sustainable adherence strategies.

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

for minorities on the importance of physical activity and 

ways to become more physically active:

• On the Move to Better Health for African Americans

• Sí se Puede: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta con Actividad Física (Move To Prevent 

and Control High Blood Pressure With Physical 

Activity)

• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Be 

Active for Your Heart!

• Are You at Risk for Heart Disease? in Tagalog and 

English

• Be Active for a Healthier Heart in Vietnamese and 

English

The Institute also has developed a Web-based application on physical activity for lay health educators in 

English and Spanish, which can be found at http://hin.

nhlbi.nih.gov/salud/pa/index.htm.

Smoking

Smoking is a major risk factor for CHD, stroke, 

COPD, and other cardiovascular and respiratory conditions and is the leading cause of preventable death. 

Although considerable progress has been made in reducing smoking rates and providing effective prevention and 

cessation interventions, additional research is needed to 

extend these efforts and improve the maintenance of 

behavior change.

The NHLBI supports a number of investigator-initiated studies of smoking cessation in underserved populations. One study targets low-income, high-risk women 

from a variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds who quit 

smoking during pregnancy, and compares maintenance 

of smoking abstinence postpartum between those who 

received usual care and those who received interventionbased telephone counseling. Another study among 

women who live in public housing neighborhoods is 

evaluating smoking cessation interventions that use a 

combination of strategies, including contact with community health workers, small-group behavioral counseling, and neighborhood support groups.

Technology is increasingly being used to deliver 

smoking cessation interventions, particularly to young 

adult smokers. One study is evaluating whether 

WeBREATHe (Web-Based Respiratory Education About 

Tobacco and Health), an interactive Internet-based program, can help to augment the efforts of respiratory therapists and nurses who provide cessation interventions to 

parents of hospitalized pediatric patients with respiratory 

illness. Forty-two percent of participants are expected to 

be from minority populations. Another study is assessing 

the efficacy of telemedicine as a way to provide smoking 

cessation counseling to primary care patients who live in 

rural areas.

Smokers often have other cardiovascular risk factors, 

such as obesity, and some smokers are reluctant to quit 

because of fear of weight gain. Post-cessation weight 

gain in patients with hypertension is a particular concern. 

Two studies of smokers with hypertension will compare 

the effectiveness of a pharmacologic smoking cessation 

intervention followed by a weight gain prevention and 

blood pressure control program that consists of changes 

in dietary intake and physical activity to the same smoking cessation intervention followed by general health 

education. Sixty percent of participants are expected to 

be black.

The estimated prevalence of smoking in the HIVseropositive population is approximately 50 percent. 

Evidence shows that before the onset of AIDS-related 

pulmonary complications, HIV-seropositive individuals 

are at increased risk of developing accelerated emphysema, possibly related to an increased susceptibility to 

cigarette smoke. A study of smokers with HIV will 

examine the effects of a specialized smoking cessation 

intervention on the natural history of emphysema. 

Thirty-eight percent of participants are expected to be 

black.

In addition to smoking cessation research, the NHLBI 

also supports a number of investigator-initiated studies 

that seek to improve understanding of the mechanisms 

that link smoking to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Studies focus on mechanisms of smoking-induced 

chromatin remodeling in lung inflammation, adaptive 

glutathione response to smoking in individuals with 

COPD, genomic contributions of intrauterine smoking 

exposure and asthma, and the natural history of HIVassociated emphysema following smoking cessation.
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Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on smoking cessation for minorities:

• Enjoy Living Smoke Free in English and Spanish

• On the Move to Better Health for African Americans

• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Help 

Your Heart

• Be Heart Healthy: Enjoy Living Smoke Free in 

Tagalog and English

• Don’t Burn Your Life Away—Be Good to Your Heart 

in Tagalog and English and in Vietnamese and 

English

Psychosocial Factors

Etiology

A large and consistent body of evidence has demonstrated that psychosocial factors—such as depression, 

stress, and low social support—are associated with elevated risk for CVD and major adverse cardiac events in 

heart disease patients. Additionally, race/ethnicity, gender, and social class are important factors that can influence these associations in important ways. 

The NHLBI is funding research to identify more precisely the nature of the relationship between depression 

and adverse cardiac outcomes and the conditions associated with successful treatment of depression. Research 

results will guide clinical care and inform future trials of 

depression treatment in heart patients and minority 

patient populations. Studies include defining the biologic pathways that link depression to physiological 

mechanisms in post-myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndrome patients—including inflammatory processes implicated in atherogenesis, autonomic nervous 

system dysfunction, and platelet aggregation and adhesion. Approximately 30 percent of participants are black. 

The Institute is also supporting research among middle-aged black and white women to determine whether 

depression is associated with the adipocytokines adiponectin and leptin, which are bioactive molecules secreted 

by adipose tissue that play a critical role in atherogenesis 

and metabolic dysregulation. Research results will provide information on how depression affects risk for diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and CVD in women. 

The Institute supports investigator-initiated research 

on the interactions of psychosocial factors with race and 

ethnicity, environmental factors, and low SES in the 

development of CHD. Scientists are investigating the 

contribution of biobehavioral factors (hostility, anxiety, 

and heightened cardiovascular reactivity to stress) in the 

etiology, pathogenesis, and course of CHD. Racial differences in stress-induced physiologic responses are also 

being examined. Other investigators are focused on the 

relationship of psychosocial stress and sleep disordered 

breathing with emerging risk factors for subclinical CVD 

in blacks.

The nature of the relationship between acute and 

chronic forms of stress and cardiac morbidity and mortality is particularly relevant to minority populations, 

because stress induced by environmental, social, and discriminatory influences can be significant. One study is 

investigating whether the effect of acute and chronic 

exposure to established risk factors (depressive symptoms, major life events, and lack of social support) for 

CVD over a 5-year period is related to a 2-year increase 

of subclinical CVD in a sample of women undergoing 

menopause. Fifty-four percent of participants will be 

black. Other studies are seeking to clarify the physiologic pathways through which stress affects cardiovascular outcomes—including hemodynamic, sympathetic 

nervous system and neuroendocrine mechanisms, and 

inflammatory processes. The ultimate goal is to determine whether stress management interventions can alter 

these physiological indicators and improve cardiovascular outcomes.

Additional research supported by the Institute includes 

studies that are addressing the genetic basis of behavioral 

risk factors and the relationships between risk-promoting 

variables (psychosocial stress, smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, lack of adherence to cardiac medications), 

presumed mediating variables (sympathetic nervous system activity and insulin metabolism), and CHD risk 

factors.

Treatment

The Institute supports several investigator-initiated 

studies to develop and evaluate interventions that seek to 

improve cardiovascular outcomes. One study is seeking 

to determine the efficacy of a personalized health plan 

intervention that incorporates mind–body techniques targeted at reducing various risk factors for CVD—such as 
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insulin resistance, inflammatory markers, and selfreported negative effect. Participants select their own 

goals on which to focus, and the intervention is tailored 

to their individual risk profile. Twenty-nine percent of 

participants will be from minority populations. Another 

study is evaluating the effectiveness of stress management training combined with exercise-based cardiac 

rehabilitation as a way to reduce stress in vulnerable cardiac patients. Approximately 25 percent of participants 

are black. A third study is developing and evaluating an 

intervention among racial minorities that reduces the 

impact of bias by reducing stereotypic perceptions that 

render patients and providers less able to communicate 

effectively and impair the effect of the visit to improve 

patient self-management behavior. Additional studies are 

investigating whether stress management in a high-risk 

population of blacks with hypertension can influence cardiovascular risk factors.

Diabetes

Etiology

Diabetes mellitus is a strong risk factor for CVD. 

Individuals with type 2 diabetes are 2- to 4-times more 

likely to be at risk for CHD than the general population. 

Using genome-wide association studies, investigators 

have identified several genetic variants for CHD in the 

general population. An investigator-initiated study is 

seeking to identify new genetic variants for excessive 

risk of CHD in diabetic patients, assess the genetic 

effects on intermediate biochemical changes, and examine gene–environment interactions. One of the data 

sources will come from the Costa Rica study. 

Another study is investigating two key pathways that 

lead to diabetes and the mechanisms by which it leads to 

CVD in older adults. The two pathways are the adipocyte-hepatocyte axis (in the development of diabetes) 

and the advanced glycation endproduct profibrosis pathway (in CVD complications). Data from CHS will be 

used. 

Two studies are determining the associations of 

fetuin-A with CVD mortality and diabetes. Fetuin-A is 

a protein that may simultaneously inhibit vascular 

calcification and promote insulin resistance and diabetes. 

One of the studies will use data from MESA. 

Treatment

The NHLBI supports clinical trials to determine the 

benefits of various strategies to reduce CVD among 

patients with diabetes or treat patients with coronary 

artery disease and diabetes:

• ACCORD (see Chapter 11): To evaluate the benefits of different therapies to reduce CVD in type 2 

diabetes. More than one-third of participants are 

from minority populations.

• BARI 2D (see Chapter 9): To evaluate whether 

urgent revascularization offers an advantage over 

medical therapy in patients with coronary artery 

disease and diabetes. One-third of participants are 

from minority populations.

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on diabetes for minorities:

• Protect Your Heart Against Diabetes in English and 

Spanish

• Protect Your Heart: Prevent and Control Diabetes 

in Tagalog and English

Women’s Health Initiative

WHI (see Chapter 11) is a long-term national health 

program designed to address the most frequent causes of 

death, disability, and diminished quality of life—CVD, 

cancer, and osteoporosis—in postmenopausal women. 

The original WHI study enrolled 161,808 postmenopausal women (17 percent of whom were from minority 

populations) in clinical trials and an observational study, 

all of which have been completed. Followup studies and 

data analyses are ongoing.

In January 2007, WHI entered a new phase: funding 

investigations using blood, DNA, and other biological 

samples and clinical data from WHI participants. The 

studies will help to explain the findings from the clinical 

trials and will investigate the impact of genetic and 

biological markers on common diseases that affect 

postmenopausal women. Four of the 12 2-year contracts 

focused on minority women. A subsequent solicitation 

resulted in 10 awards, including one that focused on 

predictive modeling for CVD in multiethnic 

postmenopausal women. 
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Recently a genome-wide association study to investigate genes that predict heart disease, stroke, and breast 

cancer was completed in approximately 12,000 black and 

Hispanic WHI participants. 

Lung Diseases

The NHLBI supports research on a number of lung 

diseases, such as asthma, COPD, sarcoidosis, TB, and 

HIV-related lung diseases, which disproportionately 

affect minorities. The following section provides examples of research to address health disparities in lung diseases; selected sleep disorders are also included.

Asthma

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and 

narrows the airways. It affects people of all ages, but it 

most often starts in childhood. In the United States, more 

than 22 million people are known to have asthma, and 

more than 6 million of them are children. Prevalence 

rates are especially high in blacks and Puerto Ricans.

Etiology and Pathophysiology

The NHLBI has initiated several studies to determine 

the etiology and pathophysiology of asthma:

• Severe Asthma Research Program: To determine 

the mechanistic basis for severe asthma and to determine how it differs from mild-to-moderate asthma. 

Several of the projects have strong minority 

participation.

• Genome-Wide Association Studies to Identify 

Genetic Components Related to Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Disorders: To identify genetic variants 

related to heart, lung, and blood disorders and their 

risk factors using existing population, family, and 

clinical studies. Several of the asthma-related projects have strong minority representation in the study 

populations.

• Airway Smooth Muscle Function and Targeted 

Therapeutics in Human Asthma: To investigate the 

complex role that airway smooth muscle plays in the

development of asthma and identify innovative therapeutic targets. Two projects expect 30 to 50 percent of participants to be from minority populations.

The Institute also supports investigator-initiated projects on the etiology and pathophysiology of asthma. One 

study will (a) identify genetic, biologic, and immunologic characteristics and environmental exposures that 

interact in children who experience severe bronchiolitis 

caused by the respiratory syncytial virus early in life and 

(b) determine their role in the subsequent development of 

asthma, airway hyperreactivity, and allergy. Forty percent of participants will be black. Another study will 

identify the genetic basis for differences between blacks 

and whites in asthma susceptibility and development 

(e.g., risk of exacerbations).

A new study is focused on the possible common 

genetic determinants for obesity and asthma. It will first 

identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are 

jointly associated with asthma and obesity, using data 

from the CAMP study, and subsequently validate the 

SNPs in three independent and ethnically diverse 

(Hispanic, black, and white) cohorts. 

Environmental factors are known to trigger asthma 

symptoms. An investigator-initiated study is focusing on 

understanding the mechanisms by which occupational or 

environmental factors trigger the onset of asthma among 

low-income, urban blacks and Hispanics. Another study 

is examining multiple environmental stressors in a predominantly disadvantaged population to determine the 

effects of maternal stressors and environmental factors in 

the onset of asthma in early childhood. A third study is 

examining the reasons why children from lower SES 

groups suffer from worse asthma than children from 

higher SES groups. The goal is to develop models of 

how the social environment affects the onset and severity 

of childhood asthma and eventually build interventions 

to ameliorate these effects.

Treatment and Control

The Institute has initiated research to identify optimal 

drug strategies for treatment and management of asthma. 

Because the burden of asthma disproportionately affects 

minority children, it is important for them to be well represented in clinical trials.

• AsthmaNet (see Chapter 11): To develop and conduct multiple clinical trials to identify optimal therapies for a variety of asthma phenotypes, genotypes, 

and racial and ethnic backgrounds in pediatric and 

adult populations. Approximately 30 percent of participants will be from minority populations.

• STAN (see Chapter 9): To determine whether treatment of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis with nasal steroids will improve control of asthma. One-third of 

participants are expected to be from minority 

populations.
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The Institute is also supporting investigator-initiated 

studies focusing on finding effective treatment for various populations. One study in whites, blacks, and 

Hispanics is creating an asthma self-management skills 

training program for children and their parents. The program is being created for Web, CD–ROM, and DVD formats and focuses on improving understanding of asthma, 

preventing asthma attacks, and creating an asthma management plan. Another study will assess an asthma selfmanagement intervention in Puerto Rican children, ages 

8 to 16 years, delivered to families by Puerto Rican community health workers. The intervention will tailor a 

standard asthma core curriculum to family needs and 

cultural beliefs. A third study will seek to improve 

health among urban black adolescents with asthma. This 

study will use peer support—enhanced by a culturally 

sensitive, technology-based MP3 player platform—to 

increase adherence to daily controller medications. A 

fourth study will evaluate a Web-based intervention program that addresses asthma management and avoidance 

of tobacco use in rural, black adolescent boys.

Many individuals with asthma have poor disease management. A new study will determine whether a multifaceted prompting intervention, administered in urban 

primary care offices, reduces morbidity among urban 

children with asthma. Fifty percent of participants will 

be black. The intervention, designed to stimulate communication between caregivers and clinicians, includes 

information about the patient’s asthma severity or level 

of control and individualized guideline-based recommendations for care. To improve asthma management, 

another study will use a highly tailored telephone counseling approach to foster a partnership between women 

and a clinician. Black women will be the target of this 

study. A third study will evaluate the efficacy of an evidence-based lifestyle weight loss intervention on asthma 

control among obese adults. Thirty-six percent of participants will be from minority populations. 

Education

The Institute is supporting several education activities. 

It has developed easy-to-read materials on asthma treatment and control directed to English and Spanish audiences with low literacy:

• Facts About Controlling Your Asthma

• El Asma: Cómo Controlar Esta Enfermedad (Facts 

About Controlling Your Asthma)

The Institute also disseminates clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and monitoring of asthma, patient 

education materials, and information on environmental 

control of allergens in the United States and throughout 

the world. It has developed several asthma education 

programs that are directed at controlling asthma in black 

and Hispanic children. For example, A Tailored Asthma 

Education Program for Urban Teens II is evaluating a 

school-based approach to motivate black students to 

change negative behaviors related to asthma management. The Institute supports projects that (a) focus on 

innovative techniques to improve adherence to medical 

regimes among minorities and people living in poverty 

and (b) address methods to improve physician adherence 

to clinical practice guidelines. 

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is a disease in which the lungs are damaged, 

making breathing difficult. It is responsible for more 

than 500,000 hospitalizations and 100,000 deaths in the 

United States each year. The Institute has established a 

research network to determine effective disease management approaches for individuals with moderate-to-severe 

COPD:

• COPD Clinical Research Network (see Chapter 11): 

To perform collaborative, therapeutic interventional 

trials of medications, devices, and disease management strategies in individuals with moderate-tosevere COPD. In addition to evaluating treatment 

efficacy, network studies include examinations of 

genetic factors, biomarkers, or genomic/proteomic 

profiles that may identify patients who are more or 

less likely to benefit from various treatments.

The NHLBI is supporting a large, investigator-initiated study of genetic factors that determine the risk of 

developing COPD or that influence the type and extent 

of damage done to the body by the disease. The 

COPDGeneTM study will enroll approximately 3,500 

blacks with a substantial history of cigarette smoking, 

obtain extensive baseline clinical and phenotypic data 

regarding the individuals, and compare the severity and 

character of COPD in the subjects to analyses of their 

DNA. Genomewide genetic assays will be performed on 

a substantial fraction of this cohort.

Although COPD is less common among blacks than 

among whites, it is nevertheless the seventh leading 

cause of death among blacks. Any disparity, whether 
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higher or lower in the minority group, may reflect racial 

differences in the biology of the disease that would 

require use of different treatments or drugs for optimal 

disease management. If the genes found to be determinants of COPD risk differ in blacks and whites, this will 

provide clues to how the roles of specific pathogenetic 

pathways of COPD differ among races.

Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown 

etiology characterized by persistent granulomas with 

damage to surrounding tissue. The Institute has initiated 

a program to determine the immunopathogenesis of 

granulomatous inflammation found in sarcoidosis, 

including the role of predisposing factors, the immune 

components involved in the formation of granulomas, 

and the defective regulatory immune response.

In the United States, sarcoidosis often occurs more 

frequently and with more severity in blacks than in 

whites. This may reflect the intensity of the noncaseating granuloma, the hallmark of sarcoidosis, in affected 

tissue. A twofold greater density of granuloma in bronchiolar lung biopsies was recently found in black 

patients, which correlated as a measure of disease 

severity.

Investigator-initiated studies supported by the Institute 

address the causes of sarcoidosis. They include a study 

to identify genes linked to sarcoidosis susceptibility in 

blacks and to determine whether hereditary susceptibility 

predisposes blacks to sarcoidosis, a study to examine the 

potential role of a mycobacterial etiology of sarcoidosis, 

and a study to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the 

immunologic and inflammatory processes that ultimately 

lead to end-stage fibrosis in progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis. Many participants are black.

A mentored research project conducted within the 

Black Women’s Health Study is investigating potential 

risk factors for sarcoidosis.

Sleep Disorders

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), a condition characterized by repetitive interruption in breathing, is a common disorder that disproportionately affects blacks. It is 

associated with an increased risk of CVD, including 

hypertension and stroke, and is particularly prevalent in 

patients with heart failure. Ongoing programs are assessing the interrelationship between sleep disorders and 

heart failure and the mechanisms leading to cardiovascular stress when the two intersect.

The Institute also supports investigator-initiated projects to elucidate cardiovascular and other health consequences of SDB, sleep deprivation, and shift work in 

various community settings. Characterization of how 

SDB occurs within family groups is helping to identify 

potential genetic risk factors that may allow early identification and treatment of high-risk individuals. A community-based study of sleep in Hispanics is assessing the 

prevalence and awareness of sleep disorders.

Treatment and Control

The Institute initiated a clinical trial to determine 

whether adenotonsillectomy is an effective treatment for 

SDB in children:

• Randomized Controlled Study of Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood Sleep Apnea (see Chapter 9): 

To assess the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy as a 

treatment for SDB in children aged 5 to 9 years. 

Fifty percent of participants are from various minority and ethnic populations.

Investigator-initiated research will assess treatment 

strategies in minorities. One study is seeking to develop 

in-home personalized sleep plans that can improve 

nightly sleep duration, neurocognitive function, and 

behavioral disorders in lower income minority children 

(ages 5 to 6 years). Another study of adults is examining 

the effect of a sleep apnea treatment (positive airway 

pressure therapy) on biological markers of CVD risk, 

including inflammation and metabolism. More than 

50 percent of study participants are from minority 

populations.

Education

The NHLBI published Your Guide to Healthy Sleep, 

which provides the latest information about sleep apnea 

and other sleep disorders, including insomnia, restless 

legs syndrome, and narcolepsy.

HIV-Related Lung Diseases

HIV infection disproportionately affects minority populations in the United States and due to multidrug antiretroviral therapy, has become a chronic condition for many 
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patients. Among them, HIV-associated lung complications are frequent causes of illness and death. But the 

long-term consequences of HIV infection and HIVassociated lung infections and complications are 

unknown. Little is known about drug-resistant 

Pneumocystis, the prevalence and pathogenesis of HIVassociated COPD, HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension, and immune reconstitution syndromes. In 

developing countries where millions of people are HIVinfected, many have serious or fatal lung complications 

including TB and bacterial pneumonias that have never 

been well characterized.

Etiology and Pathophysiology

In addition to supporting investigator-initiated 

research on the etiology and pathogenesis of HIVassociated lung diseases, the Institute has initiated 

research to understand their causes and impact and to 

identify potential therapeutic targets and preventive 

strategies:

• The Mechanisms of HIV-Related Pulmonary Complications: To encourage innovative research on the 

roles of co-infections, immune factors, and genetic 

predisposition in the pathogenesis of HIV-related 

pulmonary diseases.

• Longitudinal Studies of HIV-Associated Lung Infections and Complications: To accelerate research on 

lung complications associated with HIV-infection by 

characterizing lung infections, other HIV-associated 

lung complications, and their consequences in longitudinal studies in existing HIV-infected cohorts and 

other established groups of patients who are HIVinfected. Depending on the center, participation 

from minority populations ranges from approximately 40 to 100 percent.

• Mechanisms and Management of Cardiovascular 

and Metabolic Complications of HIV/AIDS: To 

elucidate the underlying mechanisms of metabolic 

and anthropometric abnormalities seen in HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy 

(HAART) and their relationship to CVD risk; to 

evaluate new and existing biomarkers and imaging 

modalities in the assessment of coronary artery disease and risk in HIV patients; and to identify treatment strategies and interventional approaches to 

reduce cardiovascular risk while optimizing the 

medical management of HIV infection. Enrollment 

from minority populations is expected to range from 

approximately 30 to more than 70 percent.

• Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract in 

HIV-Infected Individuals and HIV-Uninfected Controls (see Chapter 9): To characterize the microbiome of the lung alone or in combination with the 

upper airways in HIV-infected individuals and 

matched HIV-uninfected controls using molecular 

techniques to identify bacteria and if possible other 

organisms (e.g., viruses, cell-wall deficient organisms, protozoa, and fungi). Enrollment from minority populations is expected to range from 35 to 

76 percent.

Tuberculosis

TB is a common and often deadly infectious disease 

caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 

the United States, an estimated 10 to 15 million people 

are infected with the TB bacteria. The rates among 

minorities and in the foreign-born remain high. In 2008, 

according to the CDC, more than 58 percent of all active 

TB cases in the United States were among the foreign 

born. Racial disparity in TB rates was greatest for U.S.-

born blacks, whose rate was 7-times higher than the rate 

for U.S.-born whites.

Etiology and Pathogenesis

The immune response to TB infection is complex and 

involves the formation of granulomas in the lungs of 

infected individuals. In 2008, as part of the NHLBI 

Exploratory Program in Systems Biology, the Institute 

initiated a study that uses multiscale computational models and multisystem approaches to improve understanding of the role of granuloma formation in TB. 

The Institute also supports investigator-initiated 

research that characterizes genes associated with TB susceptibility; investigates host lung defenses, including 

immune responses to infection; and studies the impact of 

TB on HIV disease. A new genetics study will fine-map 

chromosomal regions that have been linked to resistance 

to TB. Investigators will also analyze innate immune 

responses and model genetic predictors of resistance 

using data from a long-term household contact study 

conducted in Uganda.

Treatment and Control

The NHLBI supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies focused on understanding the relationship between the immune system and TB. Most of the 

studies are being conducted among patients from 
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Chapter 12. Minority Activities

minority populations. Included among them are studies 

to compare susceptibility to TB in populations in Mexico 

and Peru and examine the role of interferon-gamma in 

the pathogenesis of TB among Hispanics with and 

without HIV.

Education

Building on the foundation laid by the Tuberculosis 

Academic Award program, the NHLBI is supporting a 

consortium of five TB curriculum centers:

• TB Curriculum Coordinating Center (See Chapter 

10): To strengthen, expand, and increase access to 

the best ongoing educational and training opportunities in TB for medical, nursing, and allied health 

schools, especially those that provide primary care 

to communities where TB is endemic and the population is at high risk of developing TB

Blood Diseases

The NHLBI supports basic and clinical research on 

SCD and Cooley’s anemia with the goal of curing the 

disorders and improving patient care.

Sickle Cell Disease

Basic Research

SCD is an inherited blood disorder that produces 

chronic anemia, periodic episodes of pain, and end organ 

damage. It affects about 1 in 500 blacks and 1 in 1,000 

Hispanics. Since 1972, the NHLBI has supported an 

extensive research program to improve understanding of 

the pathophysiology of SCD, identify better approaches 

for its diagnosis and treatment, and prevent 

complications.

Basic and translational research currently focuses on 

genetic influences on disease manifestations, regulation 

of hemoglobin synthesis, discovery of drugs to increase 

fetal hemoglobin production, transplantation of bloodforming stem cells, gene therapy, and development of 

animal models for preclinical studies. The NHLBI supports this research through Institute-initiated and investigator-initiated projects:

• BTRP (see Chapter 9): To encourage fundamental 

investigations and their translation into initial studies in humans, as well as community translation to 

promote evidence-based clinical practice. SCD 

Scholars programs for the career development of 

young investigators and Summer-for-Sickle-CellScience programs for research training and mentoring of high-school students also will be supported as 

part of a larger effort by the Institute to prepare the 

next generation of scientists to advance the field of 

SCD research. The BTRP was reconfigured from 

the NHLBI Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers 

(CSCC) program.

• Pulmonary Complications of Sickle Cell Disease: 

To stimulate collaborative translational research on 

the pulmonary complications of SCD. Researchers 

in hematology and pulmonary science—using a 

combination of basic and clinical approaches—are 

investigating the major known pulmonary complications of SCD due to acute chest syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, and oxyhemoglobin desaturation.

Two trans-NHLBI initiatives support research in SCD:

• Genome-Wide Association Studies to Identify 

Genetic Components Related to Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Disorders (see page 146): To investigate 

common genes involved in subphenotypes of SCD 

and centenarians. Scientists seek to identify genetic 

associations with specific clinical features in the two 

populations and subsequently compare the two datasets for differences and similarities. Research 

results could lead to improved treatment for SCD 

and increase our understanding of the genetic components that enhance healthy aging. 

• Ancillary Studies in Clinical Trials: To conduct 

time-sensitive ancillary studies in conjunction with 

ongoing Phase II-III clinical trials or network clinical trials related to heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. One study seeks to identify 

genetic variations underlying Rh antigenic diversity 

in patients who have SCD. Research findings will 

be used to develop high throughput microchips to 

screen for matching donors and recipients prior to 

blood transfusion. Knowledge of the genetic basis 

for compatibility between donors and patients who 

have SCD for transfusion could contribute to preventing alloimmunization and improve care for 

patients who have SCD. Another study employs 

proteomic approaches to identify biomarkers of 

early cerebral ischemia in children who have SCD. 

Identifying such circulating biomarkers could allow 

earlier therapeutic intervention in these children.

Clinical Research

The NHLBI is committed to finding improved 

treatments and ultimately a cure for SCD and other 
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hemoglobinopathies. Institute-initiated studies have 

begun to yield therapies that will alleviate the symptoms 

of sickle cell anemia and procedures that should 

ultimately provide a cure.

• BABY HUG (see Chapter 11): To assess the effectiveness of hydroxyurea in preventing onset of 

chronic organ damage in young black children who 

have sickle cell anemia. At baseline, the trial has 

demonstrated that the spleens and kidneys of 1-yearold children are already damaged.

• SWITCH (see Chapter 9): To determine whether 

hydroxyurea and phlebotomy can maintain an 

acceptable stroke recurrence rate and significantly 

reduce hepatic iron burden compared with transfusion plus chelation in black children who have had 

overt stroke.

• Sildenafil for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension (see Chapter 11): To test the 

effects of 16 weeks of chronic sildenafil therapy on 

exercise endurance and pulmonary artery pressure 

in patients aged 14 years and older with pulmonary 

hypertension and SCD.

• Sickle Cell Disease Clinical Research Network (see 

Chapter 11): To conduct Phase III randomized controlled clinical trials to test the efficacy and effectiveness of new therapies to treat and prevent complications of SCD and, when appropriate, 

thalassemia. 

• Adult Sickle Cell Quality of Life Measurement 

Information System: To develop, validate, and disseminate a sickle cell-specific quality-of-life measurement tool that is a partner with and complementary to the NIH Roadmap Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.

• Exploratory Studies in the Neurobiology of Pain in 

Sickle Cell Disease: To conduct basic and translational research on the neurobiology of pain in SCD. 

The ability to identify standardized measures (such 

as those reflecting pain sensitivity, pain-evoked 

inflammatory/immune responses, and psychosocial 

factors) that help to explain disease status (especially patient response to opioid therapy) will have 

a substantial effect on how health care providers 

approach pain management.

• Transcranial Doppler (TCD) With Transfusions 

Changing to Hydroxyurea: To compare standard 

therapy (transfusions) to alternative therapy 

(hydroxyurea) for maintenance of TCD velocities in 

children who have sickle cell anemia and are receiving chronic transfusions for abnormal TCD 

velocities.

The NHLBI supports several transplant-related clinical studies that seek to reach minority populations:

• Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network (BMT CRN) (see Chapter 11): In collaboration with the NCI, to perform clinical trials to 

advance hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To 

reach minority populations, the Network supports 

bilingual transplant center personnel and provides 

public Web pages and educational materials. In 

addition, the Network is working with the National 

Marrow Donor Program to develop strategies and 

implement procedures to enhance enrollment of 

patients from minority groups.

• The Sickle Cell Unrelated Transplant Trial: To 

assess unrelated donor marrow and umbilical cord 

blood transplantation for severe SCD. The trial, 

supported by the BMT CRN and the Sickle Cell 

Disease Clinical Research Network, is the first 

Phase II study to assess the promise of this therapy 

as a curative option for patients who are severely 

affected by SCD.

The NIH Hydroxyurea Treatment for SCD Consensus 

Conference, sponsored by the NIH Office of Medical 

Applications of Research and the NHLBI, along with 

other NIH and HHS components was held in February 

2008. The conference assessed the available scientific 

evidence and concluded that hydroxyurea treatment for 

patients who have sickle cell anemia is underutilized and 

should be increased in adolescents and adults. Research 

has shown that patients who have SCD and are taking 

hydroxyurea experience fewer pain crises and hospital 

admissions. The conference panel advocated increased 

use of the drug with appropriate monitoring, and continuing follow-up of children in ongoing clinical trials.

To build capacity for clinical research, the NHLBI is 

funding the Clinical Hematology Research Career 

Development Program, which supports the early career 

development of clinical researchers who are expected to 

become independent investigators and assume academic 

leadership roles in nonmalignant clinical hematology.
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Recommitment to Sickle Cell Disease Research

In March 2008, after a rigorous program assessment, 

extensive public input, and advice from the NHLBAC, 

the NHLBI announced a comprehensive and innovative 

restructuring of its research SCD program. As a result, 

the NHLBI is moving forward with the following innovations to its SCD portfolio:

• Basic science: Support for basic research will be 

expanded through funding of investigator-initiated 

grant applications and through NHLBI-initiated 

RFAs focused on the pathophysiology of SCD, the 

biology of pain in SCD, fetal hemoglobin switching, 

and genetic modifiers of disease expression and 

progression.

• Translational and clinical research: The Institute 

reconfigured the CSCC program into the BTRP with 

dedicated training components. 

• Participation in clinical research: The scope of clinical research trials will be broadened to allow a 

greater number of people with SCD to participate in 

NIH-sponsored clinical research trials.

• Translation and dissemination to the community: In 

partnership with the Sickle Cell Disease Association 

of America and other patient advocacy groups and 

professional organizations, the NHLBI is developing 

evidence-based guidelines for the care of people 

with SCD across the life-span that can be used by 

health care practitioners throughout the world.

Education

The NHLBI has developed a number of publications 

on SCD that target minorities:

• Datos Sobre La Anemia Falciforme (Facts About 

Sickle Cell Anemia)

• Fact Sheet: Hydroxyurea in Pediatric Patients With 

Sickle Cell Disease

• Facts About Sickle Cell Anemia

• Patient Fact Sheet: The Multicenter Study of 

Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia (MSH)

• Management and Therapy of Sickle Cell Disease

Cooley’s Anemia

Cooley’s anemia is an inherited disorder of red blood 

cells that affects primarily people of African, Asiatic 

Indian, Chinese, Mediterranean, and Southeast Asian origin. In 2000, the Institute initiated a program to establish 

a network of clinical research centers to evaluate new 

therapeutic agents: 

• Thalassemia (Cooley’s anemia) Clinical Research 

Network (see Chapter 11): To establish a group of 

clinical centers to accelerate research in the management of thalassemia, standardize existing treatments, 

and evaluate new ones

The NHLBI supports research efforts that include 

developing oral chelators to remove iron overload caused 

by repetitive transfusion therapy, testing drugs to enhance 

fetal hemoglobin production, and examining hematopoetic transplantation and gene therapy approaches to cure 

the disease. A registry with samples has been established 

to foster genomic and proteomic studies. International 

collaborations have also been initiated.

In 2006, the Institute established the NHLBI Clinical 

Hematology Research Career Development Program to 

support career development of clinical researchers in 

nonmalignant clinical hematology including Cooley’s 

anemia.

The Institute recently entered into an Interagency 

Agreement with the CDC to develop and implement a 

national data system and biospecimen repository that will 

provide data to describe the epidemiologic and clinical 

characteristics of people with SCD, thalassemia, and 

hemoglobin-E diseases. The program will support 

research, information, dissemination, policy decisions, 

health care planning, and provider training at the local, 

state, and national levels. 
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13. Research Training and Career 

Development Programs

Dollars (Millions)

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

Graduate Training

Program (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*

Number of Trainees

NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

* National Research Service Awards (NRSA).

NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

* National Research Service Awards (NRSA).

Note: Numbers of awards and trainees may not agree with other tables due to the method of counting supplements.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

Graduate Training

Program (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

Graduate Training 

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career 

Programs

Fellowship Programs 

(NRSA)*

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

Graduate Training 

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career 

Programs

Fellowship Programs 

(NRSA)*

2,000

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0
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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2009 

Number 

of Awards 

Obligated

Trainees 

(Full-time 

Training 

Positions) Direct Cost

Indirect 

Cost Total Cost

Percent 

of Total 

NHLBI 

Training 

Program 

Dollars

Fellowship Programs

Individual Predoctoral NRSA for 

M.D./Ph.D. (F30)

63 63 $ 2,190,667 $ — $ 2,190,667 2.3%

Predoctoral Individual NRSA (F31) 59 59 2,009,290 — 2,009,290 2.1

Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32) 118 118 6,012,102 — 6,012,102 6.4

Senior Fellowships NRSA (F33) 2 2 118,288 — 118,288 0.1

Subtotal, Fellowships 242 242 10,330,347 — 10,330,347 9.8

Graduate Training Programs

Institutional NRSA (T32) 234 1,602 75,478,053 5,975,090 81,453,143* 87.2

Minority Institutional NRSA (T32) 3 19 306,856 42,333 349,189 0.4

Off-Quarter Professional Student 

Training NRSA (T34, T35)

17 102 1,969,209 191,613 2,160,822 2.3

Short-Term Training for Minority 

Students (T35M)

6 24 282,643 41,465 324,108 0.3

Subtotal, Graduate Training Programs 260 1,747 78,036,761 6,250,501 84,287,262 90.2

Total, Training Programs 502 1,989 $88,367,108 $6,250,501 $94,617,609 100.0%

* Excludes assessment of $1,960,000.
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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fellowship Programs

Individual Predoctoral

NRSA for M.D./Ph.D.

(F30)

$ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 641 $ 2,191

Predoctoral Individual

NRSA (F31)

346 248 264 478 563 549 794 1,202 1,509 1,888 2,009

Postdoctoral Individual

NRSA (F32)

8,807 8,517 8,515 8,887 7,868 8,128 8,813 8,790 6,684 6,487 6,012

Senior Fellowships

NRSA (F33)

90 92 147 84 112 144 58 53 — 59 118

Subtotal, Fellowships 9,243 8,857 8,926 9,449 8,543 8,821 9,665 10,045 8,193 9,075 10,330

Graduate Training 

Programs

Institutional NRSA

(T32)

45,551A 50,507B 58,516C 62,999D 69,951E 71,229F 70,524G 71,831H 78,343I 80,373J 81,453K

Minority Institutional

NRSA (T32)

901 1,167 996 1,092 1,006 734 1,184 743 780 688 349

Off-Quarter

Professional Student

Training NRSA (T34,

T35)

1,384 966 1,974 1,987 1,975 1,993 2,233 2,215 2,411 2,021 2,161

MARC (T36) 5 5 5 — — — — — — — —

Short-Term Training for

Minority Students

(T35M)

2,494 2,570 1,877 2,057 2,594 2,671 2,976 2,527 1,673 804 324

Subtotal, Training

Grants

50,335 55,215 63,368 68,135 75,526 76,627 76,917 77,316 83,207 83,886 84,287

Total, Training 

Programs 

$59,578A $64,072B $72,294C $77,584D $84,069E $85,448F $86,582G $87,361H $91,400I $92,961J $94,617K

A	 Excludes Assessment of $1,216,000.

B	 Excludes Assessment of $1,280,000.

C	 Excludes Assessment of $1,424,000.

D	 Excludes Assessment of $1,584,000.

E	 Excludes Assessment of $1,716,000.

F	 Excludes Assessment of $1,744,000.

G	 Excludes Assessment of $1,764,000.

H	 Excludes Assessment of $1,818,000.

I	 Excludes Assessment of $1,916,000.

J	 Excludes Assessment of $1,912,000.

K	 Excludes Assessment of $1,960,000.
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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 

Number of Positions

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fellowship Programs

Individual Predoctoral NRSA for 

M.D./Ph.D. (F30)

— — — — — — — — — 20 63

Predoctoral Individual 

NRSA (F31)

13 11 12 18 19 18 25 32 44 56 59

Postdoctoral Individual NRSA 

(F32)

237 225 208 194 164 168 176 171 130 125 118

Senior Fellowships NRSA (F33) 2 2 3 2 2 3 1 2 — 1 2

Subtotal, Fellowships 252 238 223 214 185 189 202 205 174 202 242

Graduate Training Programs

Institutional NRSA (T32) 1,185 1,368 1,425 1,482 1,542 1,578 1,540 1,512 1,585 1,525 1,602

Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32)

53 48 43 39 42 32 35 26 23 18 19

Off-Quarter Professional 

Student Training NRSA 

(T34, T35)

— 51 109 179 93 99 95 104 105 93 102

Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students (T35M)

— 136 93 30 107 119 128 99 77 48 24

Subtotal, Training Grants 1,238 1,603 1,670 1,730 1,784 1,828 1,798 1,741 1,790 1,684 1,747

Total, Training Positions 1,490 1,841 1,893 1,944 1,969 2,017 2,000 1,946 1,964 1,886 1,989
157

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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for

Minority Faculty (K01)

30 29 44 54 47 46 45 40 35 35 37

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research

Scientist Development Award (K01)

— 11 9 2 7 6 4 4 5 7 5

Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research

Ethics (K01)

— — — — 2 2 3 3 3 1 1

Independent Scientist Award (K02) 18 27 34 33 32 31 32 24 25 22 19

Research Career Development Award (K04) 6 1 — — — — — — — — —

Research Career Award (K06) 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 — — —

Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular Disease Academic

Award (K07)

3 1 — — — — — — — — —

Asthma Academic Award (K07) 3 — — — — — — — — — —

Tuberculosis Academic Award (K07) 13 9 5 — — — — — — — —

Sleep Academic Award (K07) 20 20 12 8 — — — — — — —

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) 10 19 19 19 9 9 — — — — —

Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Academic	

Award (K07)

— — — — — — — — 4 4 4

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities

Academic Award (K07)

— — — — — 8 14 18 18 18 9

Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08) 262 257 241 236 240 229 239 226 214 210 231

Vascular Medicine Research Career

Development Program (K12)

— — — — — — — 2 7 7 7

Clinical Hematology Research Career

Development Program (K12)

— — — — — — — 6 6 6 6

Genetics and Genomics of Lung Diseases	

Career Development Program (K12)

— — — — — — — — 8 8 8

Minority School Faculty Development Award (K14) — 4 1 — — — — — — — —

Research Development Award for Minority

Faculty (K14)

22 7 — — — — — — — — —

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research

(K18)

— — — — 1 5 3 2 4 6 3

NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22) — — — — — 1 2 1 1 1 1

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career

Development Award (K23)

13 36 58 90 110 122 127 122 120 133 149

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented

Research (K24)

11 20 27 37 38 32 32 33 29 29 32

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development

Award (K25)

— — 2 7 9 12 17 16 15 15 14

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (K30) 9 16 55 55 55 55 —* 14 16 — —

Career Transition Award (K99) — — — — — — — — 24 47 46

Total, Research Career Programs 422 459 509 543 552 559 519 512 534 549 572

*

	 In FY 2005, NHLBI relinquished management of the K30 program and as a result did not receive the grant count.
158

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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Mentored Research Scientist

Development Award for Minority

Faculty (K01)

$ 2,738 $ 3,650 $ 5,556 $ 5,711 $ 6,156 $ 6,150 $ 6,088 $ 5,453 $ 4,718 $ 4,574 $ 4,745

Minority Institution Faculty

Mentored Research Scientist

Development Award (K01)

905 1,300 1,143 1,703 991 867 588 567 698 949 663

Mentored Scientist Development

Award in Research Ethics (K01)

— — — — 255 253 355 358 357 102 165

Independent Scientist Award (K02) 1,548 2,350 3,202 3,130 3,099 3,079 3,218 2,421 2,511 2,184 1,880

Research Career Development

Award (K04)

568 69 — — — — — — — — —

Research Career Award (K06) 70 70 70 69 69 34 34 34 — — —

Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular

Diseases Academic Award (K07)

423 113 — — — — — — — — —

Asthma Academic Award (K07) 248 — — — — — — — — — —

Tuberculosis Academic Award (K07) 1,161 745 396 — — — — — — — —

Sleep Academic Award (K07) 1,736 1,760 1,081 722 — — — — — — —

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) 1,480 2,829 2,869 2,906 1,472 1,516 — — — — —

Pediatrics Transfusion Medicine

Academic Award (K07)

— — — — — — — — 486 486 486

Cultural Competence and Health

Disparities Academic Award (K07)

— — — — — 925 1,620 2,109 2,232 2,197 1,138

Clinical Investigator Development

Award (K08)

29,741 30,189 29,263 29,295 30,288 29,037 30,429 28,973 27,286 27,005 29,706

Vascular Medicine Research Career

Development Program (K12)

— — — — — — — 772 3,206 5,499 7,325

Clinical Hematology Research Career

Development Program (K12)

— — — — — — — 2,360 2,367 2,364 2,375

Genetics and Genomics of Lung

Diseases Career Development

Program (K12)

— — — — — — — — 3,154 3,190 3,190

Minority School Faculty Development

Award (K14)

445 862 98 — — — — — — — —

Research Development Award for

Minority Faculty (K14)

2,093 393 — — — — — — — — —

Career Enhancement Award for Stem

Cell Research (K18)

— — — — 243 980 512 213 652 1,014 477

NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22) — — — — — 185 364 178 160 162 162

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research

Career Development Award (K23)

1,687 4,619 7,570 11,909 14,571 16,216 17,086 16,720 16,419 18,556 20,831

Midcareer Investigator Award in

Patient-Oriented Research (K24)

1,054 2,072 2,877 4,058 4,368 3,815 3,929 4,315 4,037 4,161 5,078

Mentored Quantitative Research

Career Development Award (K25)

— — 272 921 1,195 1,622 2,206 2,184 2,077 2,082 1,996

Clinical Research Curriculum Award

(K30)

1,772 3,163 3,073 3,090 3,110 3,115 4,589 3,708 2,520 — —

Career Transition Award (K99) — — — — — — — — 2,074 4,190 4,430

Total, Research Career Program 

Obligations

$47,669 $54,184 $57,470 $63,514 $65,817 $67,794 $71,018 $70,365 $74,954 $78,715 $84,647
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

Dollars (Millions)

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

MARC Summer Research Training 

Program

$ 10 $ 4 $ 20 $ 15 $ 4 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award for 

Minority Faculty

2,738 3,650 5,556 5,711 6,156 6,150 6,088 5,453 4,718 4,574 4,745

MARC — 5 5 — — — — — — — —

Minority Biomedical Research 

Support (MBRS)

3,423 3,873 3,165 2,793 3,600 2,806 2,846 2,403 2,475 1,527 2,167

Minority Institution Faculty 

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award

905 1,300 1,143 1,703 991 867 588 567 698 949 663

Minority Institution Research 

Training Program

901 1,167 996 1,092 1,006 734 1,184 743 780 688 349

Minority Predoctoral Fellowship 345 248 264 278 308 374 545 1,012 1,115 1,728 1,979

Minority Research Supplements 

Program

7,440 8,304 8,587 9,822 9,323 10,938 11,214 10,680 10,834 10,303 10,412

Minority School Faculty 

Development Award

445 862 98 — — — — — — — —

Reentry Supplements 106 176 384 — — — 96 132 245 401 887

Research Development Award for 

Minority Faculty

2,093 393 — — — — — — — — —

Short-Term Training for Minority 

Students

2,494 2,570 1,876 2,057 2,594 2,671 2,976 2,526 1,673 804 283

Total, Minority Programs $20,900 $22,552 $22,094 $23,471 $23,982 $24,540 $25,537 $23,516 $22,538 $20,974 $21,485

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fiscal Year
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Minority Supplements

Investigator 32 33 33 46 47 35 29 27 31 25 22

Postdoctoral 47 42 41 33 38 37 52 49 43 42 45

Graduate 53 47 43 45 57 61 80 74 73 69 71

Undergraduate 17 19 12 17 18 17 12 11 16 17 18

High School 6 — 3 3 4 3 7 3 3 3 2

Post-Master/Post-Baccalaureate — — — 2 8 17 16 11 4 9 21

Reentry Supplements 2 1 3 — — 3 2 1 1 3 9

Disability Supplements 1 5 4 5 4 3 2 2 4 1 —

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

158 147 139 151 176 176 200 178 175 169 188

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1999–2009

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Minority Supplements

Investigator $2,331 $3,262 $3,430 $ 5,046 $3,844 $ 4,256 $ 3,552 $ 3,343 $ 3,719 $ 3,285 $ 2,679

Postdoctoral 3,110 3,053 3,086 2,554 2,655 2,713 3,432 3,542 3,284 3,074 3,284

Graduate 1,806 1,791 1,818 1,864 2,181 2,439 3,208 3,114 3,021 3,029 3,212

Undergraduate 166 198 235 260 301 282 179 178 350 424 386

High School 27 — 18 33 33 13 30 18 16 26 28

Post-Master/Post-Baccalaureate — — — 65 309 597 618 352 156 367 823

Reentry Supplements 106 176 384 — — 495 96 132 245 401 887

Disability Supplements 72 282 187 474 360 143 99 133 288 98 —

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

$7,618 $8,762 $9,158 $10,296 $9,683 $10,938 $11,214 $10,812 $11,079 $10,704 $11,299
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: 

Fiscal Year 2009

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2009

Dollars in Millions

$91.0 to 303.7 (10)

$36.0 to 90.9 (10)

$14.0 to 35.9 (10)

$4.0 to 13.9 (10)

$0.0 to 3.9 (10)
162

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2009

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Alabama

Auburn University 1 $ 682,071 1 $ 682,071 — $ — — $ —

Elgavish Paramagnetics, Inc. 1 380,811 1 380,811 — — — —

University of Alabama at Birmingham 68 33,351,949 54 24,676,588 8 1,506,784 6 7,168,577

University of South Alabama 16 5,825,475 15 5,630,604 1 194,871 — —

Total Alabama 87 40,234,020 71 31,370,074 9 1,701,655 7 7,162,291

Alaska

Norton Sound Health Corporation 1 143,583 1 143,583 — — — —

Total Alaska 1 143,583 1 143,583 — — — —

Arizona

Arizona State University-Polytechnic 

Campus

1 402,010 1 402,010 — — — —

Arizona State University-Tempe Campus 1 190,000 1 190,000 — — — —

Carl T. Hayden Medical Research 

Foundation

1 639,674 1 639,674 — — — —

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Arizona 3 1,210,597 3 1,210,597 — — — —

Translational Genomics Research Institute 1 415,103 1 415,103 — — — —

University of Arizona 31 9,610,918 26 8,579,076 4 833,416 1 198,426

Total Arizona 38 12,468,302 33 11,436,460 4 833,416 1 198,426

Arkansas

Arkansas Children's Hospital Research 

Institute

3 864,701 3 864,701 — — — —

University of Arkansas 2 495,030 2 495,030 — — — —

University of Arkansas for Medical 

Sciences, Little Rock

9 2,794,576 8 2,743,298 1 51,278 — —

Total Arkansas 14 4,154,307 13 4,103,029 1 51,278 — —

California

Affymetrix, Inc. 1 5,927,810 — — — — 1 5,927,810

Betastem Therapeutics, Inc. 1 284,989 1 284,989 — — — —

Blood Systems Research Institute 5 3,651,818 4 2,329,495 — — 1 1,322,323

Burnham Institute for Medical Research 12 8,085,284 12 8,085,284 — — — —

California Institute of Technology 4 1,182,468 3 1,135,258 1 47,210 — —

California Pacific Medical Center Research 

Institute

2 2,794,424 2 2,794,424 — — — —

California State University, Los Angeles 1 345,909 1 345,909 — — — —

Capricor, Inc. 1 124,791 1 124,791 — — — —

Catharos Medical Systems, Inc. 1 152,729 1 152,729 — — — —

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 11 7,422,985 11 7,422,985 — — — —

Ceremed, Inc. 1 99,697 1 99,697 — — — —
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Children's Hospital and Research Center at 

Oakland

15 5,486,828 14 5,246,066 1 240,762 — —

Children's Hospital Los Angeles 9 4,852,654 9 4,852,654 — — — —

City of Hope/Beckman Research Institute 5 1,305,320 5 1,305,320 — — — —

Claremont Graduate University 1 900,000 1 900,000 — — — —

Diagnostics for the Real World, Ltd. 1 19,800 1 19,800 — — — —

Encode Bio, Inc. 1 205,226 1 205,226 — — — —

Fallbrook Engineering, Inc. — 85,000 — 85,000 — — — —

Ibis Biosciences, Inc. 1 406,757 1 406,757 — — — —

Institute of Critical Care Medicine 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

J. David Gladstone Institutes 11 7,566,564 11 7,566,564 — — — —

Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 10 5,856,379 7 3,703,633 — — 3 2,152,746

Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life 

Sciences

1 378,750 1 378,750 — — — —

LA Biomedical Research Institute/Harbor 

UCLA Medical Center

5 1,102,590 4 1,002,392 — — 1 100,198

La Jolla Bioengineering Institute 3 1,324,800 3 1,324,800 — — — —

La Jolla Institute for Allergy and 

Immunology

1 412,918 1 412,918 — — — —

Larta Institute 2 104,000 — — — — 2 104,000

Loma Linda University 5 1,763,471 5 1,763,471 — — — —

March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation — 2,000 — 2,000 — — — —

Maxwell Sensors, Inc. 1 200,021 1 200,021 — — — —

Molecular Express, Inc. 1 625,381 1 625,381 — — — —

Nanovasc, Inc. 1 223,845 1 223,845 — — — —

National Childhood Cancer Foundation 1 194,437 1 194,437 — — — —

Northern California Institute Research and 

Education

11 4,894,805 11 4,894,805 — — — —

Organovo, Inc. 1 142,511 1 142,511 — — — —

Orthopaedic Hospital 1 330,750 1 330,750 — — — —

Palo Alto Institute for Research and 

Education, Inc.

3 1,359,667 3 1,359,667 — — — —

Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research 

Institute

1 812,421 1 812,421 — — — —

Panorama Research, Inc. 2 1,081,859 2 1,081,859 — — — —

Physical Optics Corporation 1 376,507 1 376,507 — — — —

Quasar, Inc. 1 109,208 1 109,208 — — — —

Radical Therapeutix, Inc. 1 142,000 1 142,000 — — — —

Rand Corporation 5 3,310,313 5 3,310,313 — — — —

Salk Institute for Biological Studies 2 462,695 2 462,695 — — — —

San Diego State University 12 7,994,469 10 5,865,045 1 28,852 1 2,100,572

Scripps Research Institute 19 10,718,683 18 10,246,727 1 471,956 — —

Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center 2 226,734 2 226,734 — — — —

Sri International 1 236,058 1 236,058 — — — —

Stanford University 66 24,558,246 54 23,246,335 11 1,154,225 1 157,686
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Torrey Pines Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 274,434 1 274,434 — — — —

Tristan Technologies, Inc. 1 284,109 1 284,109 — — — —

University of California, Berkeley 10 3,417,585 8 3,335,436 2 82,149 — —

University of California, Davis 34 13,541,309 31 12,711,342 2 686,271 1 143,696

University of California, Irvine 16 6,016,259 15 5,864,029 — — 1 152,230

University of California, Lawrence Berkeley 

National Laboratory

2 1,168,945 2 1,168,945 — — — —

University of California, Los Angeles 89 44,572,897 74 39,930,361 12 1,973,138 3 2,669,398

University of California, Merced 4 1,042,163 3 1,000,987 1 41,176 — —

University of California, Riverside 3 548,923 2 519,107 1 29,816 — —

University of California, San Diego 89 45,977,626 77 43,253,453 12 2,724,173 — —

University of California, San Francisco 113 38,832,320 96 36,346,850 15 2,082,738 2 402,732

University of California, Santa Barbara 1 612,574 1 612,574 — — — —

University of California, San Diego 1 787,728 — — — — 1 787,728

University of Southern California 15 5,939,263 14 5,897,788 1 41,475 — —

Vala Sciences Inc. 1 159,401 — — — — 1 159,401

Veterans Medical Research Foundation, 

San Diego

7 4,378,157 7 4,378,157 — — — —

Total California 632 287,410,264 552 261,625,803 61 9,603,941 19 16,180,520

Colorado

Advanced Microlabs, LLC 1 381,961 1 381,961 — — — —

Advanced Refrigeration Technologies, Inc. 1 150,000 1 150,000 — — — —

Aerophase, Inc. 1 775,040 1 775,040 — — — —

Colorado State University, Fort Collins 5 1,153,236 4 1,124,227 1 29,009 — —

Denver Health and Hospital Authority 1 199,406 1 199,406 — — — —

Kestrel Labs, Inc. — 79,513 — 79,513 — — — —

Keystone Symposia 3 55,000 3 55,000 — — — —

Klein Buendel, Inc. 1 446,271 1 446,271 — — — —

National Jewish Health 30 21,873,034 29 21,825,824 1 47,210 — —

PHCC, LP 1 674,617 1 674,617 — — — —

Quest Product Development Corporation 1 455,122 1 455,122 — — — —

Rocky Mountain Biosystems, Inc. 1 865,071 1 865,071 — — — —

University of Colorado at Boulder 6 2,414,753 5 2,175,005 1 239,748 — —

University of Colorado at Denver and 

Health Science Center

56 21,934,058 46 18,774,845 8 1,872,412 2 1,286,801

Total Colorado 108 51,457,082 95 47,981,902 11 2,188,379 2 1,286,801

Connecticut

Connecticut Children's Medical Center 1 132,030 1 132,030 — — — —

Evergen Biotechnologies, Inc. 1 588,734 1 588,734 — — — —

Hartford Hospital 2 879,318 2 879,318 — — — —

John B. Pierce Laboratory, Inc. 2 820,235 2 820,235 — — — —
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

University of Connecticut School of 

Medicine and Dental Medicine

11 5,099,842 11 5,099,842 — — — —

University of Connecticut, Storrs 2 248,857 1 217,961 1 30,896 — —

Yale University 74 30,579,223 63 28,261,714 11 2,317,509 — —

Total Connecticut 93 38,348,239 81 35,999,834 12 2,348,405 — —

Delaware

Alfred I. Du Pont Hospital for Children 1 191,250 1 191,250 — — — —

University of Delaware 3 760,857 2 710,803 1 50,054 — —

Total Delaware 4 952,107 3 902,053 1 50,054 — —

District of Columbia

Academy for Educational Development 2 2,621,056 — — — — 2 2,621,056

American Institutes for Research 1 3,426,515 — — — — 1 3,426,515

American Society of Hematology 1 15,000 1 15,000 — — — —

Children's Research Institute 9 3,284,220 8 3,206,172 — — 1 78,048

George Washington University 9 3,150,924 7 2,907,904 1 59,402 1 183,618

Georgetown University 9 4,426,533 8 4,366,339 1 60,194 — —

Hager Sharp, Inc. 1 18,050 — — — — 1 18,050

Howard University 6 1,435,906 4 1,365,286 1 41,176 1 29,444

International Society for Experimental 

Hematology

— 3,000 — 3,000 — — — —

Medstar Research Institute 1 170,569 — — — — 1 170,569

National Academy of Sciences 2 1,238,854 — — — — 2 1,238,854

Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide 2 4,069,388 — — — — 2 4,069,388

Porter Novelli, Washington, DC 2 2,557,958 — — — — 2 2,557,958

U.S. Bureau of the Census 1 207,000 — — — — 1 207,000

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 

Medical Center

1 17,846 — — — — 1 17,846

Total District of Columbia 47 26,642,819 28 11,863,701 3 160,772 16 14,618,346

Florida

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical 

University

1 212,550 1 212,550 — — — —

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research 

Institute

1 127,440 1 127,440 — — — —

Mount Sinai Medical Center (Miami Beach) 1 2,109,044 1 2,109,044 — — — —

Nemours Children's Clinic 1 168,239 1 168,239 — — — —

Self-Determined Health, Inc. 1 190,449 1 190,449 — — — —

University of Central Florida 2 751,843 2 751,843 — — — —

University of Florida 35 12,865,653 28 12,079,008 6 560,855 1 225,790

University of Miami 1 2,479,019 — — — — 1 2,479,019

University of Miami, Coral Gables 3 3,378,959 2 3,034,854 1 344,105 — —

University of Miami School of Medicine 26 9,435,188 21 8,721,538 3 474,532 2 239,118
166

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

University of South Florida 5 1,158,168 4 892,068 1 266,100 — —

Winprobe Corporation 1 550,669 1 550,669 — — — —

Total Florida 78 33,427,221 63 28,837,702 11 1,645,592 4 2,943,927

Georgia

Cardiovascular Specialty Laboratories 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Emory University 67 28,379,389 56 26,355,544 9 1,340,150 2 683,695

Expression Therapeutics, LLC 1 706,219 1 706,219 — — — —

Georgia Institute of Technology 8 2,656,245 8 2,656,245 — — — —

Georgia State University 1 41,176 — — 1 41,176 — —

Medical College of Georgia 31 12,454,687 28 11,977,187 3 477,500 — —

Medshape Solutions, Inc. 1 159,056 1 159,056 — — — —

Morehouse School of Medicine 9 2,781,275 8 2,568,474 1 212,801 — —

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention

3 2,625,239 — — — — 3 2,625,239

University of Georgia 2 727,650 2 727,650 — — — —

Total Georgia 124 50,630,936 105 45,250,375 14 2,071,627 5 3,308,934

Hawaii

University of Hawaii at Manoa 6 2,714,577 5 2,501,667 — — 1 212,910

Total Hawaii 6 2,714,577 5 2,501,667 — — 1 212,910

Illinois

Academic Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 100,188 1 100,188 — — — —

AJ Medical Devices, Inc. 1 988,145 1 988,145 — — — —

Children's Memorial Hospital (Chicago) 6 1,479,206 5 1,451,248 1 27,958 — —

Coramed Technologies 1 1,027,275 1 1,027,275 — — — —

Illinois Institute of Technology 2 714,257 2 714,257 — — — —

Loyola University Chicago 9 2,983,839 8 2,928,529 1 55,310 — —

Northshore University Health System 

Research Institute

2 610,000 2 610,000 — — — —

Northwestern University 72 32,457,064 58 24,076,985 10 1,245,273 4 7,134,806

Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine 

and Science

1 269,500 1 269,500 — — — —

Rush University Medical Center 15 5,691,115 14 5,508,153 — — 1 182,962

SonoGene, LLC 1 94,281 1 94,281 — — — —

University of Chicago 68 24,708,746 61 23,045,281 7 1,663,465 — —

University of Illinois at Chicago 53 25,600,391 48 23,865,221 5 1,735,170 — —

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 11 2,730,759 8 2,602,134 3 128,625 — —

Vesseltek Biomedical, LLC 1 300,316 1 300,316 — — — —

Total Illinois 244 99,755,082 212 87,581,513 27 4,855,801 5 7,317,768

Indiana

Indiana University-Purdue University at 

Indianapolis

54 20,744,679 45 19,849,267 9 895,412 — —

Predictive Physiology and Medicine, Inc. 1 863,409 1 863,409 — — — —
167

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Purdue University, West Lafayette 2 388,314 1 336,604 1 51,710 — —

University of Notre Dame 5 2,973,928 5 2,973,928 — — — —

Total Indiana 62 24,970,330 52 24,023,208 10 947,122 — —

Iowa

Iowa State University 1 648,563 1 648,563 — — — —

Maharishi University of Management 

Research Institute

1 621,309 1 621,309 — — — —

University of Iowa 71 34,494,763 61 31,643,111 9 2,678,409 1 173,243

Total Iowa 73 35,764,635 63 32,912,983 9 2,678,409 1 173,243

Kansas

Kansas State University 2 367,500 2 367,500 — — — —

Pinnacle Technology, Inc. 1 133,353 1 133,353 — — — —

University of Kansas Medical Center 12 3,880,015 11 3,851,947 1 28,068 — —

Total Kansas 15 4,380,868 14 4,352,800 1 28,068 — —

Kentucky

Endoprotech, Inc. 1 464,776 1 464,776 — — — —

Northern Kentucky University 1 196,650 1 196,650 — — — —

Pharmacogenetics Diagnostic Laboratories 1 586,737 1 586,737 — — — —

Regenerex, LLC 1 703,541 1 703,541 — — — —

SCR, Inc. 2 1,481,323 2 1,481,323 — — — —

University of Kentucky 29 11,498,322 24 10,875,345 5 622,977 — —

University of Louisville 26 10,463,130 25 10,238,546 1 224,584 — —

Total Kentucky 61 25,394,479 55 24,546,918 6 847,561 — —

Louisiana

Louisiana State University and Agricultural 

& Mechanical College, Baton Rouge

1 337,546 1 337,546 — — — —

Louisiana State University Health Science 

Center, New Orleans

6 1,199,760 4 1,102,398 1 28,599 1 68,763

Louisiana State University Health Science 

Center, Shreveport

7 1,645,638 6 1,595,584 1 50,054 — —

Louisiana State University School of 

Veterinary Medicine

1 337,919 1 337,919 — — — —

Louisiana State University Pennington 

Biomedical Research Center

2 800,875 2 800,875 — — — —

Ochsner Clinic Foundation 1 270,231 1 270,231 — — — —

Tulane University of Louisiana 17 6,899,046 15 6,676,167 2 222,879 — —

Total Louisiana 35 11,491,015 30 11,120,720 4 301,532 1 68,763

Maine

Jackson Laboratory 8 2,718,436 6 2,512,358 2 206,078 — —

Maine Medical Center 4 1,473,900 4 1,473,900 — — — —
168

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory 1 5,000 1 5,000 — — — —

University of Maine, Orono 2 1,345,603 2 1,345,603 — — — —

University of New England 1 51,710 — — 1 51,710 — —

Total Maine 16 5,594,649 13 5,336,861 3 257,788 — —

Maryland

American Institutes for Research 1 1,825,861 — — — — 1 1,825,861

Aplastic Anemia and MDS International 

Foundation

1 2,000 1 2,000 — — — —

CIT/NIH 1 200,000 — — — — 1 200,000

Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation 3 2,103,579 1 747,339 — — 2 1,356,240

Constella Group, LLC 1 258,605 — — — — 1 258,605

EMMES Corporation 3 1,934,910 1 711,055 — — 2 1,003,855

Federation of American Society for 

Experimental Biology

1 3,000 1 3,000 — — — —

GeneCopoeia, Inc. 1 106,998 1 106,998 — — — —

GlycoMimetics, Inc. 1 190,722 1 190,722 — — — —

Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the 

Advancement Military Medicine

1 551,701 1 551,701 — — — —

HHS Supply Service Center, Perry Point 1 45,450 — — — — 1 45,450

IGI Technologies, Inc. 1 99,978 1 99,978 — — — —

Indian Health Services 1 254,691 — — — — 1 254,691

Information Management Services, Inc. 1 737,718 — — — — 1 737,718

J. Craig Venter Institute, Inc. 1 50,438 — — — — 1 50,438

Johns Hopkins University 163 82,956,680 140 72,203,182 16 3,962,097 7 6,791,401

Johns Hopkins University School of 

Medicine

1 497,063 — — — — 1 497,063

Key Technologies, Inc. 1 655,134 1 655,134 — — — —

Lockheed Martin 1 69,000 — — — — 1 69,000

Maryland Medical Research Institute, Inc. 1 548,882 1 548,882 — — — —

MaxCyte, Inc. 1 394,406 1 394,406 — — — —

MedStar Research Institute 1 679,411 1 679,411 — — — —

National Cancer Institute, NIH 4 2,937,000 — — — — 4 2,937,000

National Institutes of Health 2 2,509,900 — — — — 2 2,509,900

NCHS/CDC 1 2,201,952 — — — — 1 2,201,952

New Health Sciences, Inc. 1 907,879 1 907,879 — — — —

North American Vascular Biology 

Organization

2 15,001 2 15,001 — — — —

Palladian Partners, Inc. — 6,000 — 6,000 — — — —

Quality Biological, Inc. 1 416,684 1 416,684 — — — —

Science Applications International 

Corporation

1 2,280,248 — — — — 1 2,280,248

Seracare Bioservices 1 4,296,738 — — — — 1 4,296,738

Social and Scientific Systems, Inc. 1 2,734,221 — — — — 1 2,734,221

Suburban Hospital 2 12,191,400 — — — — 2 12,191,400
169

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

U.S. Department of Health and Human 

Services, Office of Human Development 

Services

3 711,100 — — — — 3 711,100

U.S. Food and Drug Administration 1 138,000 — — — — 1 138,000

University of Maryland, Baltimore 40 21,285,782 36 20,506,138 4 779,644 — —

University of Maryland, College Park 3 978,807 3 978,807 — — — —

Weinberg Medical Physics, LLC 1 929,338 1 929,338 — — — —

Westat, Inc. 3 8,019,341 — — — — 3 8,019,341

Total Maryland 255 156,725,618 196 100,653,655 20 4,741,741 39 51,330,222

Massachusetts

ABIOMED, Inc. 3 727,712 3 727,712 — — — —

American Red Cross Blood Services, New 

England

1 1,082,088 — — — — 1 1,082,088

Aphios Corporation 1 344,267 1 344,267 — — — —

Baystate Medical Center 1 568,613 — — — — 1 568,613

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 45 19,341,879 39 17,569,136 6 1,772,743 — —

BioSurfaces 2 360,527 2 360,527 — — — —

Boston Biomedical Research Institute 4 2,790,319 4 2,790,319 — — — —

Boston Medical Center 11 6,317,337 11 6,317,337 — — — —

Boston University 10 21,115,903 9 5,243,809 — — 1 15,872,094

Boston University Medical Campus 54 28,626,523 47 26,086,056 7 2,540,467 — —

Brandeis University 1 342,819 1 342,819 — — — —

Brigham and Women's Hospital 156 81,012,761 138 76,300,410 16 3,243,104 2 1,469,247

Broad Institute, Inc. 2 2,501,490 2 2,501,490 — — — —

Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc. 1 625,124 1 625,124 — — — —

Caritas St. Elizabeth's Medical Center 2 860,593 2 860,593 — — — —

Children's Hospital Boston 51 21,218,058 46 19,587,442 5 1,630,616 — —

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 10 3,532,176 10 3,532,176 — — — —

Differential Proteomics, Inc. 1 202,023 1 202,023 — — — —

E.P., Ltd. 1 1,185,803 1 1,185,803 — — — —

Giner, Inc. 1 398,924 1 398,924 — — — —

GL Synthesis, Inc. 1 768,369 1 768,369 — — — —

Gwathmey, Inc. 2 1,754,302 1 1,475,189 — — — 279,113

Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc. 4 1,353,822 4 1,353,822 — — — —

Harvard University 3 1,128,948 2 711,017 1 417,931 — —

Harvard University Medical School 13 5,261,501 10 4,514,839 3 746,662 — —

Harvard University School of Public Health 18 6,821,347 14 6,044,272 4 777,075 — —

Immune Disease Institute, Inc. 4 6,068,958 4 6,068,958 — — — —

InfoSciTex Corporation 1 988,068 1 988,068 — — — —

IQuum, Inc. 1 995,942 1 995,942 — — — —

Joslin Diabetes Center 2 1,062,528 2 1,062,528 — — — —

Levitronix, LLC 3 2,175,680 3 2,175,680 — — — —

MagiQ Technologies, Inc. 1 99,992 — — — — 1 99,992
170

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Marine Biological Laboratory — 2,000 — 2,000 — — — —

Massachusetts General Hospital 65 34,105,871 60 30,061,779 4 1,440,374 1 2,603,718

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4 7,556,096 3 3,979,867 — — 1 3,576,229

Millikelvin Technologies, LLC 1 196,960 1 196,960 — — — —

New England Research Institutes, Inc. 5 15,381,154 4 10,973,590 — — — 4,407,564

Physical Sciences, Inc. 2 573,541 2 573,541 — — — —

Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. 2 576,294 2 576,294 — — — —

Rhythmia Medical, Inc. 2 401,330 2 401,330 — — — —

Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital 1 355,006 1 355,006 — — — —

Speech Technology & Applied Research 

Corp.

1 296,368 1 296,368 — — — —

Springfield College 1 228,939 1 228,939 — — — —

The Board Institute, Inc. 1 623,416 — — — — 1 623,416

TissueVision, Inc. 1 165,646 1 165,646 — — — —

Tufts Medical Center 23 8,108,465 22 7,492,556 1 615,909 — —

Tufts University, Boston 10 3,749,138 9 3,528,538 1 220,600 — —

University of Massachusetts Medical 

School, Worcester

19 8,471,972 18 8,286,583 — — 1 185,389

University Health Network 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

University of Massachusetts, Boston 1 215,448 1 215,448 — — — —

Vasotech, Inc. 1 102,206 1 102,206 — — — —

Worcester Polytechnic Institute 3 651,149 3 651,149 — — — —

Total Massachusetts 555 303,665,395 495 259,492,451 48 13,405,481 12 30,767,463

Michigan

Accord Biomaterials, Inc. 2 550,727 2 550,727 — — — —

Altarium Institutes 1 1,775,245 — — — — 1 1,775,245

Henry Ford Health System 12 7,888,050 11 7,834,696 1 53,354 — —

MC3, Inc. 2 516,377 2 516,377 — — — —

MedArray, Inc. 1 1,000,000 1 1,000,000 — — — —

Michigan State University 6 2,926,945 6 2,926,945 — — — —

Magnetic Resonance Imagining Institute for 

Biomedical Research

1 428,263 1 428,263 — — — —

Oakland University 1 242,943 1 242,943 — — — —

Phrixus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 379,487 1 379,487 — — — —

Pixel Velocity, Inc. 1 997,506 1 997,506 — — — —

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 130 55,856,959 118 52,668,591 10 2,480,626 2 707,742

Van Andel Research Institute 1 455,000 1 455,000 — — — —

Wayne State University 14 5,416,655 13 5,280,395 — — 1 136,260

Total Michigan 173 78,434,157 158 73,280,930 11 2,533,980 4 2,619,247

Minnesota

Advanced Circulatory Systems, Inc. 1 194,873 1 194,873 — — — —

Gel-Del Technologies, Inc. 1 1,124,655 1 1,124,655 — — — —

HealthPartners Research Foundation 3 2,202,820 3 2,202,820 — — — —
171

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Imricor Medical Systems, Inc. 1 1,250 1 1,250 — — — —

Innovative Surface Technologies, LLC 1 99,788 1 99,788 — — — —

Koronis Biomedical Technologies 

Corporation

2 716,843 2 716,843 — — — —

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 

Rochester

52 22,019,833 51 21,610,366 1 409,467 — —

Mayo Clinic, Rochester 3 562,963 — — — — 3 562,963

Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, 

Inc.

2 4,193,516 1 304,616 — — 1 3,888,900

Powerscope, Inc. 1 368,711 1 368,711 — — — —

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 74 40,480,282 63 32,072,098 6 1,422,016 5 6,986,168

Total Minnesota 141 71,965,534 125 58,696,020 7 1,831,483 9 11,438,031

Mississippi

Jackson Medical Mall Foundation 1 30,000 1 30,000 — — — —

Jackson State University 3 4,269,731 2 214,500 — — 1 4,055,231

Mississippi State University 1 204,796 1 204,796 — — — —

Tougaloo College 1 923,597 — — — — 1 923,597

University of Mississippi Medical Center 19 8,659,715 16 6,873,775 — — 3 1,785,940

Total Mississippi 25 14,087,839 20 7,323,071 — — 5 6,764,768

Missouri

APT Therapeutics, Inc. 2 626,931 2 626,931 — — — —

Auxagen, Inc. 1 227,692 1 227,692 — — — —

Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City 1 278,792 1 278,792 — — — —

Evas Therapeutics, LLC 1 167,481 1 167,481 — — — —

Saint Louis University 8 2,459,004 8 2,459,004 — — — —

University of Missouri, Columbia 30 11,455,226 27 11,341,372 3 113,854 — —

Vasculox, Inc. 2 400,902 2 400,902 — — — —

Washington University 106 51,796,441 92 48,324,104 14 3,472,337 — —

Total Missouri 151 67,412,469 134 63,826,278 17 3,586,191 — —

Montana

Montana State University, Bozeman 4 1,486,125 4 1,486,125 — — — —

Resodyn Corporation 1 379,228 1 379,228 — — — —

University of Montana 1 296,640 1 296,640 — — — —

Total Montana 6 2,161,993 6 2,161,993 — — — —

Nebraska

Creighton University 2 490,850 2 490,850 — — — —

LNKChemSolutions 1 199,997 1 199,997 — — — —

University of Nebraska, Lincoln 2 2,164,480 2 2,164,480 — — — —

University of Nebraska Medical Center 10 4,061,941 10 4,061,941 — — — —

Total Nebraska 15 6,917,268 15 6,917,268 — — — —
172

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Nevada

Nevada Cancer Institute 1 476,550 1 476,550 — — — —

University of Nevada, Reno 8 2,397,643 6 2,200,620 1 27,430 1 169,593

Total Nevada 9 2,874,193 7 2,677,170 1 27,430 1 169,593

New Hampshire

Celdara Medical, LLC 1 199,085 1 199,085 — — — —

Dartmouth College 13 4,412,956 13 4,412,956 — — — —

Xemed, LLC 2 752,038 2 752,038 — — — —

Total New Hampshire 16 5,364,079 16 5,364,079 — — — —

New Jersey

Angel Medical Systems, Inc. 1 168,483 1 168,483 — — — —

CircuLite, Inc. 1 465,622 1 465,622 — — — —

DVX, LLC 1 218,282 1 218,282 — — — —

FocalCool, LLC 1 499,039 1 499,039 — — — —

Hackensack University Medical Center 1 367,420 1 367,420 — — — —

Menssana Research, Inc. 1 982,644 1 982,644 — — — —

Newark Beth Israel Medical Center 1 151,881 1 151,881 — — — —

PharmaSeq, Inc. 1 913,832 1 913,832 — — — —

Prolong Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2 1,646,543 1 848,378 — — 1 798,165

Rutgers, The State University of 

New Jersey, New Brunswick

5 1,184,508 5 1,184,508 — — — —

University of Medicine & Dentistry of 

New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson School 

of Medicine

26 10,522,029 22 9,930,340 3 410,821 1 180,868

Viocare, Inc. 1 983,857 1 983,857 — — — —

Total New Jersey 42 18,104,140 37 16,714,286 3 410,821 2 979,033

New Mexico

Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental 

Research

2 1,038,811 2 1,038,811 — — — —

Lovelace Biomedical Research and 

Education Institute

1 1,796,880 — — — — 1 1,796,880

Sandia National Laboratories 1 158,209 1 158,209 — — — —

Southwest Sciences, Inc. 1 374,837 1 374,837 — — — —

University of New Mexico 15 4,098,223 13 4,041,634 2 56,589 — —

Total New Mexico 20 7,466,960 17 5,613,491 2 56,589 1 1,796,880

New York

Albany Medical College 5 1,283,238 4 1,223,026 1 60,212 — —

Albert Einstein College of Medicine 31 14,734,125 23 10,091,791 5 403,770 3 4,238,564

Angion Biomedica Corporation 2 2,335,366 2 2,335,366 — — — —

Biomedica Management Corporation 1 619,743 1 619,743 — — — —
173

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

City College of New York 3 1,278,590 3 1,278,590 — — — —

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 4,000 1 4,000 — — — —

Columbia University 84 45,462,714 74 37,990,502 7 1,520,425 3 5,951,787

Cornell University 34 17,159,557 28 16,392,441 6 767,116 — —

Dawkins Productions, Inc. 1 744,668 1 744,668 — — — —

Feinstein Institute for Medical Research 2 813,539 2 813,539 — — — —

First Wave Technologies, Inc. 1 175,824 1 175,824 — — — —

Herbert H. Lehman College 1 285,250 1 285,250 — — — —

Hospital for Special Surgery 1 444,184 1 444,184 — — — —

Jarvik Heart, Inc. 1 430,329 — — — — 1 430,329

Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc. 1 369,854 1 369,854 — — — —

Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx 1 314,327 1 314,327 — — — —

Mount Sinai School of Medicine 31 13,125,146 27 12,447,207 4 677,939 — —

New York Academy of Sciences 2 30,000 2 30,000 — — — —

New York Blood Center 3 1,110,522 3 1,110,522 — — — —

New York Medical College 17 8,822,414 15 8,766,846 2 55,568 — —

New York University School of Medicine 32 13,576,700 26 12,846,529 6 730,171 — —

Queens College 2 606,335 2 606,335 — — — —

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. — 1,000,000 — 1,000,000 — — — —

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 2 1,157,477 2 1,157,477 — — — —

Rockefeller University 3 1,037,631 2 1,015,611 1 22,020 — —

Roswell Park Cancer Institute Corp. 2 881,982 2 881,982 — — — —

Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer 

Research

5 1,646,041 5 1,646,041 — — — —

St. Luke's-Roosevelt Institute for Health 

Sciences

1 656,239 1 656,239 — — — —

State University of New York at Buffalo 20 6,918,522 19 6,698,740 — — 1 219,782

State University New York at Stony Brook 7 2,324,165 6 2,140,025 — — 1 184,140

SUNY Downstate Medical Center 4 907,102 3 890,268 — — 1 16,834

Syracuse University 1 497,784 1 497,784 — — — —

Therasource, LLC 2 1,028,075 2 1,028,075 — — — —

Transonic Systems, Inc. 1 999,996 1 999,996 — — — —

University Health Network 1 303,881 1 303,881 — — — —

University of Rochester 56 21,586,758 50 20,187,831 6 1,398,927 — —

Upstate Medical University 7 2,645,366 7 2,645,366 — — — —

VentriNova, Inc. 1 249,999 1 249,999 — — — —

Winifred Masterson Burke Medical 

Research Institute

1 450,844 1 450,844 — — — —

Winthrop-University Hospital 1 91,086 1 91,086 — — — —

Total New York 377 170,729,281 329 154,051,697 38 5,636,148 10 11,041,436

North Carolina

BioMarck Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. 1 990,000 1 990,000 — — — —

Duke University 101 54,494,731 90 52,208,747 9 1,951,252 2 334,732
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

East Carolina University 3 734,399 2 677,205 1 57,194 — —

Gramercy Research Group, LLC 1 921,629 1 921,629 — — — —

The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences 1 210,000 1 210,000 — — — —

Heart Imaging Technologies, LLC 1 578,185 1 578,185 — — — —

LifeSciTech, LLC 1 165,736 1 165,736 — — — —

North Carolina Central University 3 664,400 3 664,400 — — — —

North Carolina State University 5 1,425,904 2 757,073 3 668,831 — —

Physcient, Inc. 1 141,784 1 141,784 — — — —

Research Triangle Institute 1 501,951 — — — — 1 501,951

Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc. 4 4,928,230 3 4,200,782 — — 1 727,448

RTI International 2 3,837,221 — — — — 2 3,837,221

TheraLogics, Inc. 1 255,627 1 255,627 — — — —

TriboFilm Research, Inc. 1 229,475 1 229,475 — — — —

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 84 41,201,400 70 34,047,068 9 1,952,750 5 5,201,582

University of North Carolina at Charlotte 1 12,240 1 12,240 — — — —

Vascular Pharmaceuticals 1 747,689 1 747,689 — — — —

Wake Forest University Health Sciences 53 34,719,998 41 22,295,637 4 905,113 8 11,519,248

Total North Carolina 266 146,760,599 221 119,103,277 26 5,535,140 19 22,122,182

Ohio

Case Western Reserve University 57 21,072,882 47 16,379,064 8 816,486 2 3,877,332

Children's Hospital Medical Center, 

Cincinnati

59 21,056,663 52 20,429,017 7 627,646 — —

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of 

Medicine

43 25,822,977 38 25,004,982 3 292,781 2 525,214

Cleveland Medical Devices, Inc. 1 256,311 1 256,311 — — — —

Cleveland State University 2 299,323 1 268,152 1 31,171 — —

ElectroSonics Medical Inc. 1 960,170 1 960,170 — — — —

EXCMR, Ltd 1 370,055 1 370,055 — — — —

Great Lakes Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 1,354,034 1 1,354,034 — — — —

Kent State University 2 1,028,882 2 1,028,882 — — — —

NeuroWave Systems, Inc. 1 604,356 1 604,356 — — — —

Northeastern Ohio Universities College of 

Medicine and Pharmacy

1 450,160 1 450,160 — — — —

NovelMed Therapeutics, Inc. 2 795,251 2 795,251 — — — —

Ohio State University 48 15,513,347 43 13,460,151 3 308,259 2 1,744,937

Ohio University 2 576,500 2 576,500 — — — —

Perfusion Solutions, Inc. 1 210,130 1 210,130 — — — —

Peritec Biosciences 1 430,515 1 430,515 — — — —

Research Institute Nationwide Children's 

Hospital

5 1,208,301 3 1,007,521 2 200,780 — —

University of Akron 1 348,456 1 348,456 — — — —

University of Cincinnati 34 16,479,523 32 15,757,686 1 536,154 1 185,683

University of Toledo Health Science 

Campus

3 2,465,813 3 2,465,813 — — — —

Wright State University 5 1,331,546 4 1,297,891 1 33,655 — —

Total Ohio 271 112,635,195 238 103,455,097 26 2,846,932 7 6,333,166
175

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Oklahoma

Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation 4 2,819,607 4 2,819,607 — — — —

Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 2 707,975 2 707,975 — — — —

Selexys Pharmaceuticals Corporation 1 1,251,579 1 1,251,579 — — — —

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences 

Center

13 4,546,316 12 4,486,914 1 59,402 — —

University of Oklahoma, Norman 1 353,706 1 353,706 — — — —

Total Oklahoma 21 9,679,183 20 9,619,781 1 59,402 — —

Oregon

Aronora, LLC 1 457,672 1 457,672 — — — —

C/J Media, Inc. 1 387,262 1 387,262 — — — —

Oregon Center for Applied Science, Inc. 2 634,678 2 634,678 — — — —

Oregon Health and Science University 36 12,279,833 29 11,086,028 7 1,193,805 — —

Oregon Research Institute 1 969,042 1 969,042 — — — —

Oregon State University 1 299,585 1 299,585 — — — —

Portland State University 1 365,625 1 365,625 — — — —

University of Oregon 1 314,507 1 314,507 — — — —

Total Oregon 44 15,708,204 37 14,514,399 7 1,193,805 — —

Pennsylvania

Adult Congenital Heart Association 1 41,843 1 41,843 — — — —

Carnegie Mellon University 4 1,629,169 4 1,629,169 — — — —

Cereve, Inc. 1 197,471 1 197,471 — — — —

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia 37 17,590,149 34 15,781,569 2 756,015 1 1,052,565

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh 1 134,219 — — — — 1 134,219

Drexel University 3 703,552 3 703,552 — — — —

Ension, Inc. 2 1,043,670 2 1,043,670 — — — —

Fox Chase Cancer Center 1 415,103 1 415,103 — — — —

Institute for Cancer Research 1 384,750 1 384,750 — — — —

Institute for Transfusion Medicine 1 170,490 — — — — 1 170,490

Magee-Women’s Research Institute and 

Foundation

1 326,901 1 326,901 — — — —

Microcirculatory Society, Inc. 1 12,500 1 12,500 — — — —

Molecular Targeting Technology, Inc. 1 679,501 1 679,501 — — — —

National Disease Research Interchange — 155,000 — 155,000 — — — —

Pennsylvania State University, Milton S. 

Hershey Medical Center

16 8,970,777 15 8,921,249 — — 1 49,528

Pennsylvania State University, University 

Park

6 1,611,264 5 1,575,606 1 35,658 — —

Philadelphia College of Osteopathic 

Medicine

1 396,250 1 396,250 — — — —

PolyMedix, Inc. 1 553,390 1 553,390 — — — —

RNARx 1 399,305 1 399,305 — — — —
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Salus University 1 344,395 1 344,395 — — — —

Shifa Biomedical 2 529,109 2 529,109 — — — —

Strategic Polymer Sciences, Inc. 2 475,150 2 475,150 — — — —

Temple University 40 13,457,875 36 12,676,423 4 781,452 — —

Thomas Jefferson University 18 9,145,494 18 9,145,494 — — — —

University of Pennsylvania 146 83,150,191 127 73,864,377 17 4,011,745 2 5,274,069

University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh 127 54,455,323 112 49,745,024 11 2,384,966 4 2,325,333

Wistar Institute 3 2,659,256 3 2,659,256 — — — —

Total Pennsylvania 419 199,632,097 374 182,656,057 35 7,969,836 10 9,006,204

Rhode Island

Brown University 7 2,855,534 5 2,814,272 2 41,262 — —

Butler Hospital 1 479,226 1 479,226 — — — —

Foresight Science & Technology 1 23,000 — — — — 1 23,000

Gordon Research Conferences 7 117,000 7 117,000 — — — —

Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island 2 888,019 1 733,424 — — 1 154,595

Miriam Hospital 5 2,686,178 4 2,347,773 1 338,405 — —

Pro-Change Behavior Systems, Inc. 1 491,390 1 491,390 — — — —

QualityMetric, Inc. 1 398,754 1 398,754 — — — —

Rhode Island Hospital 10 4,197,732 8 3,575,648 2 622,084 — —

Roger Williams Hospital 1 402,331 1 402,331 — — — —

University of Rhode Island 1 186,250 1 186,250 — — — —

Total Rhode Island 37 12,725,414 30 11,546,068 5 1,001,751 2 177,595

South Carolina

Clemson University 4 1,048,266 4 1,048,266 — — — —

Medical University of South Carolina 39 11,232,406 33 10,509,518 5 699,952 1 22,936

University of South Carolina at Columbia 11 3,271,834 11 3,271,834 — — — —

Total South Carolina 54 15,552,506 48 14,829,618 5 699,952 1 22,936

South Dakota

Black Hills Center/American Indian Health 1 360,091 1 360,091 — — — —

University of South Dakota 4 1,286,987 3 879,532 — — 1 407,455

Total South Dakota 5 1,647,078 4 1,239,623 — — 1 407,455

Tennessee

Cumberland Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 111,805 1 111,805 — — — —

East Tennessee State University 6 1,595,971 6 1,595,971 — — — —

Meharry Medical College 4 806,917 2 485,347 2 321,570 — —

Memphis VA Medical Center 2 7,137,890 — — — — 2 7,137,890

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital 10 9,459,845 9 9,353,219 — — 1 106,626

University of Memphis 1 373,816 1 373,816 — — — —
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

University of Tennessee Health Science 

Center

27 10,565,934 26 10,347,124 — — 1 218,810

Vanderbilt University 94 40,115,439 85 38,133,910 8 1,667,379 1 314,150

Total Tennessee 145 70,167,617 130 60,401,192 10 1,988,949 5 7,777,476

Texas

Baylor College of Medicine 59 23,073,230 50 20,773,809 7 1,299,553 2 999,868

Biomedical Development Corporation 1 344,781 1 344,781 — — — —

Methodist Hospital Research Institute 4 1,168,878 4 1,168,878 — — — —

Millar Instruments, Inc. 1 376,593 1 376,593 — — — —

Organizational Wellness and Learning 

System

1 100,654 1 100,654 — — — —

Rice University 4 946,377 3 912,536 1 33,841 — —

Scott and White Memorial Hospital 1 136,080 1 136,080 — — — —

Southern Methodist University 1 331,105 1 331,105 — — — —

Southwest Foundation for Biomedical 

Research

8 10,350,514 8 10,350,514 — — — —

Texas A&M University System 14 3,778,706 14 3,778,706 — — — —

Texas AgriLife Research 2 704,184 2 704,184 — — — —

Texas Engineering Experiment Station 3 1,320,847 3 1,320,847 — — — —

Texas Heart Institute 3 1,900,043 3 1,900,043 — — — —

Texas Southern University 1 361,795 1 361,795 — — — —

Texas Tech University Health Sciences 

Center

2 276,860 2 276,860 — — — —

University of Houston 2 619,437 2 619,437 — — — —

University of North Texas Health Science 

Center

4 2,701,811 4 2,701,811 — — — —

University of Texas at Arlington 2 400,450 2 400,450 — — — —

University of Texas at Austin 1 221,250 1 221,250 — — — —

University of Texas at Dallas 2 755,503 2 755,503 — — — —

University of Texas at San Antonio 2 173,601 1 144,500 1 29,101 — —

University of Texas Health Science Center 

at Houston

24 15,067,092 24 15,067,092 — — — —

University of Texas Health Science Center 

at San Antonio

10 3,395,923 7 2,871,722 2 391,972 1 132,229

University of Texas Health Science Center 

at Tyler

5 3,048,217 5 3,048,217 — — — —

University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer 

Center

4 1,104,904 4 1,104,904 — — — —

University of Texas Medical Branch at 

Galveston

8 2,740,239 8 2,740,239 — — — —

University of Texas of The Permian Basin 1 211,155 1 211,155 — — — —

University of Texas Southwestern Medical 

Center

56 23,669,637 48 22,209,085 7 1,288,599 1 171,953

Total Texas 226 99,279,866 204 94,932,750 18 3,043,066 4 1,304,050
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Utah

LDS Hospital 1 206,984 — — — — 1 206,984

Nanoshell Company, LLC 1 357,318 1 357,318 — — — —

University of Utah 43 16,658,823 37 14,974,038 3 262,694 3 1,422,091

Utah Artificial Heart Institute 1 1,055,451 1 1,055,451 — — — —

Total Utah 46 18,278,576 39 16,386,807 3 262,694 4 1,629,075

Vermont

University of Vermont and State 

Agricultural College

39 17,359,563 34 14,693,117 4 1,118,241 1 1,548,205

Total Vermont 39 17,359,563 34 14,693,117 4 1,118,241 1 1,548,205

Virginia

American Psychosomatic Society 1 49,000 1 49,000 — — — —

Barron Associates, Inc. 1 199,989 1 199,989 — — — —

CW Optics, Inc. 1 925,905 1 925,905 — — — —

Eastern Virginia Medical School 1 311,885 1 311,885 — — — —

ISA Associates, Inc. 1 329,613 1 329,613 — — — —

Luna Innovations 2 938,779 — — — — 2 938,779

Mcguire Research Institute, Inc. 1 292,702 1 292,702 — — — —

Molecules for Health, Inc. 1 71,570 1 71,570 — — — —

Old Dominion University 1 377,622 1 377,622 — — — —

Paragon Technology Group 1 12,044,837 — — — — 1 12,044,837

Society of Nuclear Medicine 1 15,000 1 15,000 — — — —

University of Virginia 53 21,664,098 46 20,149,426 7 1,514,672 — —

Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine 1 190,875 1 190,875 — — — —

Virginia Commonwealth University 24 6,827,072 19 6,328,553 5 498,519 — —

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 

University

1 237,750 1 237,750 — — — —

Total Virginia 91 44,476,697 76 29,479,890 12 2,013,191 3 12,983,616

Washington

Asthma, Inc. 1 74,698 1 74,698 — — — —

Axio Research, LLC 1 376,892 1 376,892 — — — —

Barlow Scientific, Inc. 1 464,382 1 464,382 — — — —

Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia 

Mason

1 621,746 1 621,746 — — — —

CardioMetrix, Inc. 1 392,917 1 392,917 — — — —

Enertechnix, Inc. 1 100,036 1 100,036 — — — —

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 29 30,798,506 21 13,104,227 1 31,694 7 17,662,585

Puget Sound Blood Center 3 2,848,370 3 2,848,370 — — — —

Seattle Biomedical Research Institute 1 33,418 — — 1 33,418 — —

Seattle Children's Hospital 13 4,828,559 13 4,828,559 — — — —
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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Seattle Institute for Biomedical and Clinical 

Research

1 254,752 1 254,752 — — — —

Sunnybrook and Women's College Health 

Sciences Center

1 514,014 1 514,014 — — — —

Talaria, Inc. 1 172,248 1 172,248 — — — —

University of Washington 121 69,765,710 101 55,876,286 16 3,930,570 4 9,958,854

VPDiagnostics, Inc. 1 913,712 1 913,712 — — — —

Washington State University 2 721,732 2 721,732 — — — —

Total Washington 179 112,881,692 150 81,264,571 18 3,995,682 11 27,621,439

West Virginia

West Virginia University 11 3,352,855 9 3,017,578 2 335,277 — —

Total West Virginia 11 3,352,855 9 3,017,578 2 335,277 — —

Wisconsin

Bellbrook Labs, LLC 1 531,899 1 531,899 — — — —

BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Inc. 9 5,036,894 8 4,866,336 1 170,558 — —

Marquette University 2 477,541 2 477,541 — — — —

Medical College of Wisconsin 64 34,266,170 58 33,274,814 5 842,867 1 148,489

Platypus Technologies, LLC 1 199,952 1 199,952 — — — —

Quantum Tubers Corporation 1 642,697 1 642,697 — — — —

SpectroCon, LLC 1 724,039 1 724,039 — — — —

SysLogic, Inc. 1 700,471 1 700,471 — — — —

University of Wisconsin, Madison 55 24,706,117 47 22,556,401 7 1,940,664 1 209,052

University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 1 347,549 1 347,549 — — — —

Total Wisconsin 136 67,633,329 121 64,321,699 13 2,954,089 2 357,541

Wyoming

Softray, Inc. 1 109,552 1 109,552 — — — —

University of Wyoming 1 334,709 1 334,709 — — — —

Total Wyoming 2 444,261 2 444,261 — — — —

Puerto Rico

Universidad Central Del Caribe 1 102,720 1 102,720 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez — 137,054 — 137,054 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences 1 217,500 1 217,500 — — — —

Total Puerto Rico 2 457,274 2 457,274 — — — —

Total U.S. 5,517 2,610,515,447 4,783 2,251,026,634 519 97,819,271 215 261,669,542

Argentina

IECS - Argentina 1 1,015,864 — — — — 1 1,015,864

Total Argentina 1 1,015,864 — — — — 1 1,015,864
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Australia

Baker Heart Research Institute 1 259,063 1 259,063 — — — —

James Cook University of North 

Queensland

1 256,009 1 256,009 — — — —

Walter and Elizabeth Hall Institute Medical 

Research

1 183,519 1 183,519 — — — —

 Total Australia 3 698,591 3 698,591 — — — —

Bangladesh

ICDDR - Bangladesh 1 1,323,943 — — — — 1 1,323,943

Total Bangladesh 1 1,323,943 — — — — 1 1,323,943

Canada

Clinical Research Institute of Montreal 1 281,609 1 281,609 — — — —

Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto 2 331,742 2 331,742 — — — —

International Society for Cellular Therapy 1 8,000 1 8,000 — — — —

McGill University 1 130,635 1 130,635 — — — —

McMaster University 1 476,909 1 476,909 — — — —

Montreal Heart Institute 2 512,170 2 512,170 — — — —

University Health Network 1 185,469 1 185,469 — — — —

University of Alberta 1 131,085 1 131,085 — — — —

University of British Columbia 1 256,009 1 256,009 — — — —

University of Montreal 1 359,303 1 359,303 — — — —

University of Western Ontario 1 212,446 1 212,446 — — — —

Total Canada 13 2,885,377 13 2,885,377 — — — —

China

The George Institute - China 1 1,206,859 — — — — 1 1,206,859

Total China 1 1,206,859 — — — — 1 1,206,859

Colombia

Malaria Vaccine Development Center 1 343,157 1 343,157 — — — —

Total Colombia 1 343,157 1 343,157 — — — —

Guatemala

INCAP - Guatemala 1 1,168,499 — — — — 1 1,168,499

Total Guatemala 1 1,168,499 — — — — 1 1,168,499

Hungary

Eötvös Loránd University — 37,927 — 37,927 — — — —

Institute of Enzymology, Biological 

Research Center

— 27,000 — 27,000 — — — —

Total Hungary — 64,927 — 64,927 — — — —
181

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Iceland

deCODE Genetics, Inc. 1 646,072 1 646,072 — — — —

Total Iceland 1 646,072 1 646,072 — — — —

India

Public Health Foundation of India 1 1,164,694 — — — — 1 1,164,694

St. John's Medical College - India 1 1,000,797 — — — — 1 1,000,797

Total India 2 2,165,491 — — — — 2 2,165,491

Kenya

Moi University - Kenya 1 1,106,324 — — — — 1 1,106,324

Total Kenya 1 1,106,324 — — — — 1 1,106,324

New Zealand

Auckland Uniservices Limited 2 208,045 2 208,045 — — — —

University of Auckland 1 460,291 1 460,291 — — — —

Total New Zealand 3 668,336 3 668,336 — — — —

Peru

Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia - 

Peru

1 1,427,451 — — — — 1 1,427,451

Total Peru 1 1,427,451 — — — — 1 1,427,451

South Africa

University of Cape Town - South Africa 1 1,185,676 — — — — 1 1,185,676

Total South Africa 1 1,185,676 — — — — 1 1,185,676

Switzerland

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

Total Switzerland 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

United Kingdom

St. Mary's Hospital Newport 1 380,848 1 380,848 — — — —

University College London 1 128,388 1 128,388 — — — —

University of Bristol 1 505,770 1 505,770 — — — —

University of Cambridge 1 262,170 1 262,170 — — — —

University of Leeds 1 76,680 1 76,680 — — — —

Total United Kingdom 5 1,353,856 5 1,353,856 — — — —

Total, Other 36 $ 17,530,423 27 $ 6,930,316 — — 9 $ 10,600,107

Grand Total 5,553 $2,628,045,870 4,810 $2,257,956,950 519 $97,819,271 224 $272,269,649

183

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 15. Activities Supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

15. Activities Supported by the American 

Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 

(ARRA), also known as the Recovery Act or the 

Economic Stimulus Package, was signed into law by 

President Barack Obama on February 17, 2009. It 

was an unprecedented effort to jump-start the economy, create or save millions of jobs, and address 

national challenges so that the Nation can move forward and thrive in the 21st century.

As stated in the legislation, the ARRA has five 

purposes:

• Preserve and create jobs and promote economic 

recovery

• Assist those most affected by the recession

• Provide investments needed to increase economic efficiency by spurring technological 

advances in science and health

• Invest in transportation, environmental protection, and other infrastructure that will provide 

long-term economic benefits

• Stabilize state and local government budgets to 

minimize and avoid reductions in essential services and counterproductive state and local tax 

increases

The ARRA provided the NIH with $10.4 billion, 

of which $763 million was allocated to the NHLBI. 

The Institute’s funding plan strikes a balance 

between increasing the number of investigatorinitiated research grants and supporting signature 

projects through the following mechanisms: NHLBI 

research grants (through expansion of FY 2008 and 

FY 2009 paylines), participation in NIH-wide 

administrative supplements, and participation in 

NIH-wide ARRA RFAs.

NHLBI Research Grants-Expansion 

of FY 2008 and FY 2009 Paylines

The NHLBI used a portion of the ARRA funds 

to support investigator-initiated research grant 

applications that had just missed the paylines in 

FY 2008 and FY 2009. The following proposals 

were funded by the NHLBI:

• Highly meritorious investigator-initiated R01 

and R21 applications that ranked from the 15.1 

to 25.0 percentile and were viewed as being 

capable of making significant advances with a 

2-year grant.

• Early Stage Investigator-initiated applications 

up to the 35.0 percentile. The first 2 years will 

be supported by ARRA funds. The remaining 

years will be funded by regularly appropriated 

funds.

• New Investigator-initiated applications that 

ranked from the 20.1 to 30.0 percentile and 

were viewed as being capable of making significant advances in 2 years.

Administrative Supplements

An administrative supplement is an increment in 

funding to support research that is within the original 

scope of an active NIH research grant (parent grant). 

Requests for administrative supplements for NHLBI 

grant awards do not require evaluation by an initial 

peer-review group but are subject to review and 

approval by NHLBI program and grants management staff.

The NHLBI funded administrative supplements to 

active R01 and R21 grants. The NHLBI’s supplements under the ARRA support research employment 

opportunities for new full-time-equivalent employees 

who are predoctoral students, postdoctoral trainees or 

fellows, or recent college and master’s degree graduates. Priority was given to requests from investigators who were qualified to receive their current 

awards as Early Stage Investigators or New 

Investigators.
184

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 15. Activities Supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

The NHLBI also funded administrative supplements 

under the following NIH-wide initiatives:

• Administrative Supplements Providing Summer 

Research Experiences for Students and Science 

Educators. The NHLBI used ARRA funds to provide supplements to active research grants to support summer research opportunities for high school 

and college students and science educators (e.g., elementary, middle, and high school teachers; community college faculty; and faculty from non-research 

intensive institutions).

• Research Supplements To Promote Diversity in 

Health-Related Research. The NHLBI used 

ARRA funds to provide supplements to research 

grants to improve the diversity of the research workforce by supporting and recruiting students, postdoctorates, and eligible investigators from groups that 

have been shown to be underrepresented in science.

• Research Supplements To Promote Reentry Into 

Biomedical and Behavioral Research Careers. 

The NHLBI used ARRA funds to provide supplements to research grants to support individuals with 

high potential to reenter an active research career 

after a qualifying interruption for family or other 

responsibilities.

NHLBI Participation in NIH-Wide 

ARRA RFAs

NIH Challenge Grants in Health and Science 

Research (RC1)

This new program supports research in areas that 

address specific scientific and health research challenges 

in biomedical and behavioral research that will benefit 

from significant 2-year jumpstart funds. The NIH identified Challenge Areas focused on specific knowledge 

gaps, scientific opportunities, new technologies, data 

generation, or research methods that would benefit from 

an influx of funds to advance the area quickly and in significant ways. The NHLBI identified specific Challenge 

Topics within the broad Challenge Areas that reflect the 

Institute’s views about priority areas for funding. 

Research and Research Infrastructure “Grand 

Opportunities” (GO) (RC2)

GO grants support projects that address large, specific 

biomedical and behavioral research endeavors that will 

benefit from significant 2-year investments without the 

expectation of continued funding from NIH. Research 

supported by this program is expected to provide a high 

short-term return and offer a high likelihood of enabling 

growth and investment in biomedical research and development, public health, and health care delivery. The 

NHLBI identified priority topics for GO grants, including the following:

• Comparative Effectiveness Research

• Novel Methods of Monitoring Health Disparities

• The NHLBI BioResource Program: Creation of 

Resources Designed To Accelerate Scientific Progress in the Areas of Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases; Cellular Therapies; and Blood Safety

• Large-scale DNA Sequencing and Molecular Profiling of Well-Phenotyped NHLBI Cohorts

• Next Steps in Gene Discovery: Building Upon 

GWAS (Genome-wide Association Studies)

• Characterizing Differentiated Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Cells Derived by Reprogramming Human 

Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

• Testing of Mechanistic Hypotheses Generated by 

Findings From Genetic and Genomic Studies of 

Heart, Vascular, Lung, and Blood Disorders

• Translation of Fundamental Research Findings Into 

Clinical Treatments for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases (including the NHLBI Translational Research 

Implementation Program (TRIP); the Phase II Clinical Trials Program of Novel Therapies for Heart, 

Lung, and Blood Diseases; and the Ancillary Studies 

Program)

Supporting New Faculty Recruitment To 

Enhance Research Resources Through 

Biomedical Research Core Centers (P30)

These P30 grants enable institutions to augment or 

expand their biomedical research efforts by hiring newly 

independent investigators and providing them with 

appropriate startup packages and the resources needed to 

develop pilot research projects.

NHLBI Participation in NIH-Wide 

ARRA RFAs With Earliest Anticipated 

Award Date in FY 2010

Academic Research Enhancement Awards 

(AREA) (R15)

The AREA program will stimulate research in educational institutions that provide baccalaureate or advanced 
185

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Chapter 15. Activities Supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

degrees for a significant number of the Nation’s research 

scientists but have not been major recipients of NIH support. AREA grants are intended to support small-scale 

health-related research projects proposed by faculty 

members of eligible, domestic institutions.

Biomedical Research, Development, and Growth 

To Spur the Acceleration of New Technologies 

Pilot Program (BRDG-SPAN) (RC3)

The BRDG-SPAN is a pilot program that will address 

the funding gap between promising research and development (R&D) and transition to the market by contributing to critical funding needed by applicants to pursue the 

next appropriate milestone(s) toward ultimate commercialization. The goal of the BRDG-SPAN is to accelerate 

the transition of research innovations and technologies 

toward the development of products or services that will 

improve human health, help advance the mission of the 

NHLBI, and create significant value and economic stimulus. This program will also foster partnerships among a 

variety of R&D collaborators.

Small Business Catalyst Awards for Accelerating 

Innovative Research (R43)

This program will accelerate innovation through 

high‐risk, high-reward R&D that has commercial potential and is relevant to the mission of the NIH. The award 

is expected to support entrepreneurs of exceptional creativity who are drawn from scientific and technological 

environments beyond those usually involved in NIHsupported research and who have proposed pioneering 

and possibly transformative approaches to addressing 

major biomedical or behavioral challenges with the 

potential for downstream commercial development.

Other RFAs Funded Under ARRA

Small Grants for Lung Tissue Research (R03)

This program will enable tissue-based research on 

two common, yet complex and difficult-to-treat lung 

diseases: interstitial fibrotic lung disease and COPD. 

Funds from the ARRA will allow a substantial expansion of the Institute’s lung tissue research program by 

enabling support for nine additional grants that would 

otherwise have not been funded. 

Functional Characterization of Genetic Variants 

and Interactions: The Genes, Environment, and 

Health Initiative (R21) 

This program—which is part of the NIH Genes, 

Environment, and Health Initiative—will determine the 

functional relevance of associated genetic variant(s) to 

common diseases. It will focus solely on functional 

characterization of gene variants that are strongly suggested to be associated with common, complex human 

diseases identified through candidate gene, GWAS, and 

other approaches.

Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER)

Approximately $1.1 billion of the ARRA funds were 

allocated to CER, of which the NIH received $400 million. The NIH used the funds to support 2-year investigator-initiated projects, including payline expansions, 

Challenge grants, GO grants, and such other activities as 

supplements and contracts. The projects supported by 

the funds met the Federal Coordinating Council definition of CER, that is:

Comparative effectiveness research is the conduct 

and synthesis of research comparing the benefits 

and harms of different interventions and strategies 

to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor health conditions in “real world” settings. The purpose of this 

research is to improve health outcomes by developing and disseminating evidence-based information 

to patients, clinicians, and other decisionmakers, 

responding to their expressed needs, about which 

interventions are most effective for which patients 

under specific circumstances.

Signature Projects

DNA Sequencing of NHLBI’s Well-Phenotyped 

Population Cohorts for the Identification 

of Disease-Causing Genetic Variants and 

Understanding of Biological Pathways

Although genome-wide association studies have been 

successful in identifying high frequency genetic variants 

of modest effect size that are associated with numerous 

common complex traits and diseases—including myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, 

chronic pulmonary disease, and anemia—they are 

incapable of identifying actual disease-causing genetic 
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Chapter 15. Activities Supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

variants, especially those of lower frequency and potentially larger effects. Finding such variants will require 

large-scale DNA sequencing of thousands of individuals 

from well-phenotyped populations. With recent technological advances, the feasibility of such a project is 

now within reach, and a strong argument can be made 

that the well-phenotyped NHLBI cohorts are the logical 

place to start. 

The NHLBI is supporting six GO (RC2) grants, 

including two sequencing centers, under this signature 

program. The NIH Office of the Director is providing 

funds to help support one of the sequencing centers.

Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine

The NHLBI is committed to catalyzing basic and clinical stem cell research that will lead to the development 

of regenerative therapies for the treatment of heart, lung, 

and blood diseases. Recent advances, including the 

induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult somatic 

cells and the directed differentiation of stem cells into a 

variety of cellular derivatives, hold great promise for 

future therapeutic application. However, important gaps 

remain in understanding the characteristics of stem and 

progenitor cells, the mechanisms of their differentiation, 

and the unique attributes of resultant differentiated states. 

In addition, the degree to which differentiation of stem 

cells in the laboratory recapitulates the in vivo characteristics of tissues and organs remains unclear, and fundamental knowledge of cardiovascular and pulmonary stem 

and progenitor cell biology lags behind that for hematopoietic cells.

To address these gaps, the NHLBI is supporting four 

GO (RC2) grants under this signature program.

Translation of Fundamental Research Findings 

Into Clinical Treatments for Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Diseases

The ultimate goal of biomedical research is to develop 

new knowledge that will lead to improvements in public 

health. Fundamental research studies in cells, tissues, 

and animal models and investigations of biomarkers and 

functional genomics have greatly expanded understanding of the pathogenesis of many heart, lung, and blood 

diseases and have provided a range of potential new 

approaches for their prevention and treatment. Yet the 

translation of basic research findings to clinical testing 

has often been disappointingly slow, with good ideas and 

new findings sometimes languishing for years before 

being tested for efficacy in a clinical setting. ARRA 

funds provide an excellent opportunity to stimulate translational research and thereby hasten the transition of 

research findings into clinical practice. The NHLBI will 

fund a total of 10 GO (RC2) grants in two program areas:

• Stage 1 of the NHLBI Translational Research 

Implementation Program (TRIP). The intent of 

the two-stage TRIP is to accelerate the translation of 

fundamental research ideas into proof-of-concept 

efficacy testing in patients. The 2-year Stage 1 TRIP 

awards will support preliminary studies that culminate in the development of ready-to-conduct clinical 

trials. The awards will fund the activities required 

to design clinical trials to evaluate safety and efficacy of new modalities to treat and prevent heart, 

lung, and blood diseases based on promising ideas 

that have emerged from basic research. For the 

Stage 2 TRIP, the NHLBI will use regularly appropriated funds to support the most meritorious trials 

developed in Stage 1.

• Phase II Clinical Trials Program of Novel Therapies for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases. This 

program will support Phase II clinical trials of novel 

therapies and diagnostic strategies for heart, lung, 

and blood diseases that offer the potential to change 

clinical practice and are ready to be tested in 

patients. It will also support innovative clinical trial 

designs. The supported research is expected to 

result in high-quality data that will lead to efficacy 

or Phase III trials. This program will assess only 

interventions and strategies that offer high promise 

for modifying current treatments or diagnostic 

approaches or altering the course of a disease.
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Chapter 15. Activities Supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

NHLBI ARRA-Supported Activities Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

Category Program and Mechanism*

Estimated Number 

of Awards

Estimated Funding 

(Dollars in Millions)**

NIH Support 

(Dollars in Millions)**

Research GrantsExpanded PaylinesR01/R21s 328 292 21

NIH-Wide 

Administrative 

Supplements

Administrative Supplements 382 88

Research Supplements 

To Promote Diversity in 

Health‐Related Research

17 1

Research Supplements 

To Promote Reentry Into 

Biomedical and Behavioral 

Research Careers

3 1

Administrative Supplements 

Providing Summer Research 

Experiences for Students and 

Science Educators

120 1 3

NIH-Wide ARRA 

RFAs

Challenge Grants (RC1) 108 102 28

Grand Opportunities (RC2) 48 199 84

Supporting New Faculty 

Recruitment To Enhance 

Research Resources Through 

Biomedical Research Core 

Centers (P30)

35 40

Other RFAs Functional Characterization 

of Genetic Variants and 

Interactions: The Genes, 

Environment, and Health 

Initiative (R21)

4 3.4

Small Grants for Lung Tissue 

Research (R03)

22 3.3

* Does not include mechanisms with funding received after 2009. ** Two-year total costs.

Appendixes

Types of Research Activity

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

Index

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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

Types of Research Activity

Research Projects

Research Project Grants (R01): To support discrete and specific projects to be performed by one or 

several investigators in areas of the investigator’s 

particular interests and competencies.

Research Projects (Cooperative Agreements) 

(U01): To support discrete, circumscribed projects 

in areas of an investigator’s specific interest and 

competency involving substantial programmatic 

participation by the NHLBI during performance 

of the activity.

Research Program (Cooperative Agreement) 

(U10): To support a research program of multiple 

projects, requiring a broadly-based, multidisciplinary 

and often long-term approach, directed toward a specific major objective, common theme, or program 

goal relevant to the Institute’s mission. The award 

involves substantial programmatic involvement by 

NHLBI staff to assist investigators during performance of the research activities.

Research Program Projects (P01): To support 

broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term 

research projects that have specific major objectives 

or basic themes directed toward a well-defined 

research program goal. Usually, a relatively large, 

organized group of researchers conducts individual 

subprojects, the results of which help achieve objectives of the program project.

Small Research Grants (R03): To provide limited 

support for extended analyses of research data generated by clinical trials, population research, and demonstration and education studies.

Academic Research Enhancement Awards 

(AREA) (R15): To support small-scale research 

projects conducted by faculty in primarily baccalaureate degree-granting domestic institutions. Awards 

are for up to $75,000 for direct costs (plus applicable 

indirect costs) for periods not to exceed 36 months.

Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21): To 

encourage the development of new research activities in heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders program areas.

Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R33): To provide phase II support for innovative exploratory and 

developmental research activities initiated under the 

R21 mechanism.

Method To Extend Research in Time (MERIT) 

Award (R37): To provide long-term research grant 

support to investigators whose research competency 

and productivity are distinctly superior and thus are 

likely to continue to perform in an outstanding 

manner. Investigators may not apply for a MERIT 

award; instead, they are selected by the NHLBI on 

the basis of their current grant applications and their 

present and past grant support.

NIH Director’s Pioneer Award (DP1): To support 

individual scientists of exceptional creativity who 

propose pioneering approaches to major contemporary challenges in biomedical research. 

NIH Director’s New Innovator Award (DP2): To 

support exceptionally creative new investigators who 

propose highly innovative approaches that have the 

potential to produce an unusually high impact. The 

New Innovator Award will emphasize the importance 

and potential impact of the scientific problem, the 

novelty and innovativeness of the approach, and the 

applicant’s potential for creative and innovative 

research.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase I (R41): To support cooperative 

R&D projects between small business concerns and 

research institutions, limited in time and amount, to 

establish the technical merit and feasibility of ideas 

that have potential for commercialization. Awards 

are made to small business concerns only.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase II (R42): To support in-depth 

development of cooperative R&D projects between 
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Types of Research Activity

small business concerns and research institutions, limited 

in time and amount, whose feasibility has been established in phase I and that have potential for commercialization. Awards are made to small business concerns 

only.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants, 

Phase I (R43): To support projects, limited in time and 

amount, to establish the technical merit and feasibility of 

research and development ideas that may ultimately lead 

to commercial products or services.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants, 

Phase II (R44): To support research project ideas that 

have been shown to be feasible in phase I and that are 

likely to result in commercially marketable products or 

services.

Research Centers

Exploratory Grants (P20): To support planning for 

new programs, expansion or modification of existing 

resources, and feasibility studies to explore various 

approaches to the development of interdisciplinary 

programs that offer potential solutions to problems of 

special significance to the mission of the NHLBI.

Center Core Grants (P30): To support shared 

resources and facilities for basic, clinical, behavioral, 

and translational research in the prevention, detection, 

and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. 

Animal (Mammalian and Nonmammalian) Model 

and Animal and Material Resource Grant (P40): To 

develop and support animal models, or animal or biological materials resources. Nonmammalian resources 

include nonmammalian vertebrates, invertebrates, cell 

systems, and nonbiological systems.

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research 

(SCCOR) Grants (P50): To foster multidisciplinary 

research on clinically relevant questions enabling basic 

science findings to be applied more rapidly to clinical 

problems. Research focuses on clinical and basic scientific issues related to diseases and disorders that are relevant to the mission of the NHLBI. The SCCOR program 

places more emphasis on clinical research than the 

SCOR program and requires at least 50 percent of the 

funded projects to be clinical.

Comprehensive Specialized Research Center Grants 

(U54): To support a large, interrelated biomedical 

research program focused on a disorder within the 

Institute’s mandate; to initiate and expand community 

education, screening, and counseling programs; and to 

educate medical and allied health professionals concerning problems of diagnosis and treatment of specific diseases such as sickle cell anemia.

Research Career Programs

Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K01): To support underrepresented 

minority faculty members with varying levels of research 

experience to prepare them for research careers as independent investigators.

Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research 

Ethics (K01): To provide support for training in 

research ethics for health professionals working at academic and other health-related institutions in biomedical, 

behavioral, or public health research, particularly 

research involving human participants.

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research 

Scientist Development Award (K01): To support faculty members at minority institutions who have the interest and potential to conduct state-of-the-art research in 

cardiovascular, pulmonary, or hematologic disease or in 

sleep disorders.

Independent Scientist Award (K02): To enhance the 

research capability of promising individuals in the formative stages of their careers of independent research in the 

sciences related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood 

resources; and sleep disorders.

Research Career Development Award (K04): To foster the development of young scientists with outstanding 

research potential for careers of independent research in 

the sciences related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and 

blood resources. New grants are no longer awarded.

Research Career Award (K06): To assist institutions in 

supporting established investigators of high competency 

for the duration of their careers. New grants are no 

longer awarded.

Academic Award (K07): To support an individual with 

an academic appointment to introduce or improve a 
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Types of Research Activity

disease curriculum that will enhance the academic or 

research environment of the applicant institution as well 

as further the individual’s own career. This award series 

included the Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular Diseases 

Academic Awards, the Asthma Academic Award, the 

Tuberculosis Academic Award, the Sleep Academic 

Award, and the Nutrition Academic Award. Currently, 

the Cultural Competence and Health Disparities Academic Award and the Pediatric Transfusion Medicine 

Academic Award programs are being supported.

Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08): To 

provide an opportunity for clinically trained physicians 

to develop research skills and gain experience in advanced research methods and experimental approaches 

in basic and applied sciences relevant to cardiovascular, 

pulmonary, and hematological diseases.

Research Career Development Program in Vascular 

Medicine (K12): To promote comprehensive clinical 

research training for physicians wanting to specialize in 

vascular medicine. The goal is to prepare clinicians for 

academic roles in mentoring and leadership in clinical 

research in vascular medicine.

Research Career Development Program in Clinical 

Hematology (K12): To develop and evaluate multidisciplinary career development programs in clinical 

hematology research that will equip new academic 

researchers with the knowledge and skills to address 

complex problems in blood diseases, transfusion medicine, and cellular therapies.

Research Career Development Program in the 

Genetics and Genomics of Lung Diseases (K12): To 

develop multidisciplinary career development programs 

in genetics and genomics of lung diseases that will equip 

new investigators with the knowledge and skills to elucidate the etiology and pathogenesis of such diseases.

Minority School Faculty Development Award (K14): 

To develop faculty investigators at minority schools and 

enhance their research capabilities in areas related to 

heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; and 

sleep disorders. New grants are no longer awarded.

Research Development Award for Minority Faculty 

(K14): To encourage the development of minority 

faculty investigators and enhance their research capabilities in areas related to cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

health and disease; transfusion medicine; and sleep 

disorders. New grants are no longer awarded.

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

(K18): To enable established investigators to acquire 

new research capabilities in the use of human or animal 

embryonic, adult, or cord blood stem cells. All candidates must have a sponsor, either within their own or at 

another institution, who is a well-qualified stem cell 

expert to serve as a mentor.

NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22): To support 

the postdoctoral research training of an outstanding 

individual in an NHLBI intramural laboratory for up to 

3 years and subsequently, to support the individual’s 

successful transition from postdoctoral research to an 

extramural environment as an independent researcher.

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career 

Development Award (K23): To provide support for 

career development to investigators who have made a 

commitment to focus their research endeavors on patientoriented research. 

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24): To provide support for clinicians to 

allow them “protected time” to devote to patient-oriented 

research and to act as mentors for beginning clinical 

investigators. 

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development 

Award (K25): To provide support to investigators with 

quantitative science or engineering backgrounds who 

have made a commitment to focus their research on basic 

or clinical biomedicine, bioengineering, bioimaging, or 

behavioral sciences.

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (CRCA) (K30): 

To stimulate inclusion of high-quality, multidisciplinary 

didactic training in fundamental skills, methodology, 

theories, and conceptualization as part of the career 

development of clinical investigators.

Career Transition Award (K99/R00): To provide up to 

5 years support in two phases to highly promising postdoctoral scientists to pursue research relevant to the 

Institute. The K99 phase consists of 1 to 2 years mentored support followed by up to 3 years of independent 

support (R00) contingent on securing an independent 

research position. Award recipients will be expected to 
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Types of Research Activity

compete successfully for independent research grant support from the NIH or other Institutions during the independence phase to ensure continued support and a 

smooth transition to independence.

Other Research Grants

Scientific Evaluation (R09): To provide funds to the 

chairman of an initial review group for operation of the 

review group.

Cooperative Clinical Research (R10) (U10): To support studies and evaluations of relevant clinical problems. These grants usually involve collaborative efforts 

among several institutions and principal investigators 

and are conducted under a formal protocol.

Conference Grants (R13): To support national and 

international scientific meetings, conferences, or workshops at which research is discussed.

Research Demonstration and Education Projects 

(R18): To provide support designed to develop, test, and 

evaluate health-related activities and to foster application 

of existing knowledge to the control of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders.

Resource-Related Research Projects (R24): To support research projects that will enhance the capability of 

resources to serve biomedical research in areas related to 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood health and diseases; 

blood resources; and sleep disorders. 

Education Projects (R25): To provide support for the 

development and implementation of a program as it 

relates to a category in one or more of the areas of education, information, training, technical assistance, coordination, or evaluation.

Minority Biomedical Research Support Grants 

(S06): To strengthen the biomedical research and 

research training capability of minority institutions and 

to assist in increasing the involvement of minority faculty and students in biomedical research.

Pilot Project Award (SC2): To support underrepresentative minorities who are at the beginning stages of a 

research career and interested in testing a new idea or 

generating preliminary data, or who are more experienced investigators and interested in switching to a different field of research.

Continuing Education Training Grant (T15): To 

assist professional schools and other public and nonprofit 

institutions to establish, expand, or improve programs of 

continuing professional education, especially for programs dealing with new scientific developments.

Scientific Review and Evaluation (U09): To support an 

initial Scientific Review Group responsible for the 

assessment of scientific and technical merit of grant 

applications.

Resource-Related Research Projects (U24): To support research projects contributing to improvement of the 

capability of resources to serve biomedical research.

National Swine Research and Resource Center (U42): 

To support a National Swine Research and Resource 

Center that will serve as a resource for depositing, maintaining, preserving, and distributing swine models for 

studies of human diseases, as well as cryopreservation, 

storage, and reconstitution of embryos and germplasm.

Historical Black College and University Scientist 

Award (UH1): To strengthen and augment the human 

resources at historically black colleges and universities 

(HBCU) by recruiting an established research scientist 

into their biomedical or behavioral sciences department; 

to enhance the career of the recruited research scientist; 

and to strengthen other HBCU resources for the conduct 

of biomedical or behavioral research in areas related to 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood health and disease; transfusion medicine; and sleep disorders.

Individual National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA) 

Individual Predoctoral M.D./Ph.D. NRSA (F30): To 

provide predoctoral individuals with supervised research 

training in areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; sleep disorders leading toward a 

combined M.D./Ph.D. degree. Training under this award 

is designed to provide a foundation for a career as a physician-scientist in the areas of interest to the NHLBI.

Predoctoral Individual NRSA (F31): To provide predoctoral individuals with supervised research training in 

areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood 

resources; and sleep disorders leading toward the 

research degree (e.g., Ph.D.).
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Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32): To provide postdoctoral research training to individuals to broaden their 

scientific background and extend their potential for 

research in areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and blood resources.

NRSA for Senior Fellows (F33): To provide experienced scientists with an opportunity to make major 

changes in the direction of their research careers, to 

broaden their scientific background, to acquire new 

research capabilities, to enlarge their command of an 

allied research field, or to take time from regular professional responsibilities for the purpose of broadening their 

research capabilities.

Institutional National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA)

Institutional NRSA (T32): To enable institutions to 

make awards to individuals selected by them for predoctoral and postdoctoral research training in areas related 

to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; and 

sleep disorders.

Minority Institutional Research Training Program 

(T32M): To support full-time research training for 

investigative careers at minority schools in areas of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic diseases and 

sleep disorders. Graduate students, postdoctoral students, or health professions students may be supported 

under this program.

MARC Undergraduate NRSA Institutional Grants 

(T34): To support institutional training grants for underrepresented minority undergraduates to obtain research 

training and improve their preparation for graduate training in the biomedical and behavioral sciences.

NRSA Short-Term Research Training (T35 and 

T35M): To provide individuals with research training 

during off-quarters or summer periods to encourage 

research careers or to encourage research in areas of 

national need. This program includes the Short-Term 

Training for Minority Students Program and short-term 

training for students in health professional schools.

MARC Visiting Professors for Minority Institutions 

(T36): To increase the number of well-trained minority 

scientists in biomedical disciplines and to strengthen 

the research and teaching capabilities of minority 

institutions.

Other Support

Research and Development Contracts (N01): To 

develop or apply new knowledge or test, screen, or 

evaluate a product, material, device, or component for 

use by the scientific community.

Small Business Innovation Research (N43): To support projects, limited in time and amount, to establish the 

technical merit and feasibility of R&D ideas that may 

ultimately lead to a commercial product(s) or service(s).

NIH Inter-Agency Agreements (Y01): To provide a 

source of funds to another Federal Agency to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

NIH Intra-Agency Agreements (Y02): To provide a 

source of funds to another NIH component to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

Minority Research Supplements Programs: To provide supplemental funds to active NHLBI grants to support the research of minority high school, undergraduate, 

and graduate students; postdoctoral trainees; and 

investigators.

197

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACCORD Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk 

in Diabetes

ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme

AHEAD Action for Health in Diabetes

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

ALLHAT Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering 

Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial

AMI acute myocardial infarction

ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome

AREA Academic Research Enhancement 

Awards

ARIC Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities

ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment 

Act

ATP III Adult Treatment Panel III

BABY HUG Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical 

Trial

BARI 2D Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics

BEE Board of Extramural Experts

BTRP Basic and Translational Research 

Program

CABG coronary artery bypass graft

CAMP–CS/ Childhood Asthma Management 

Phase II Program–Continuation Study/Phase II

CARDIA Coronary Artery Risk Development in 

Young Adults

CDC Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention

CF cystic fibrosis

CHD coronary heart disease

CHS Cardiovascular Health Study

COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CSCC Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers

CVD cardiovascular diseases

DARD Division for the Application of Research 

Discoveries

DASH Dietary Approaches To Stop 

Hypertension

DBDR Division of Blood Diseases and 

Resources

DCVD Division of Cardiovascular Diseases

DERA Division of Extramural Research Affairs

DIR Division of Intramural Research

DLD Division of Lung Diseases

DPPS Division of Prevention and Population 

Sciences

EDTA ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid

FY fiscal year

GO Grand Opportunity (ARRA grants)

GOCADAN Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in 

Alaska Natives

GTRP Gene Therapy Resource Program

HBCU historically black college and university

HCHS Hispanic Community Health Study

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
198

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

HEW Department of Health, Education, and 

Welfare (now HHS)

HHS Health and Human Services (formerly 

HEW)

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

HTLV human T-lymphotropic virus

ICD International Classification of Diseases

JHS Jackson Heart Study

JNC V Fifth Report of the Joint National 

Committee on the Detection, Evaluation, 

and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

MARC Minority Access to Research Careers

MESA Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

NAEPP National Asthma Education and 

Prevention Program

NCEP National Cholesterol Education Program

NCHS National Center for Health Statistics

NCI National Cancer Institute

NCSDR National Center on Sleep Disorders 

Research

NHAAP National Heart Attack Alert Program

NHANES National Health and Nutrition 

Examination Survey

NHBPEP National High Blood Pressure Education 

Program

NHI National Heart Institute

NHLBAC National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Advisory Council

NHLBI National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute (formerly NHI and NHLI)

NHLI National Heart and Lung Institute

NIA National Institute on Aging

NIAMS National Institute of Arthritis and 

Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases 

NICHD National Institute of Child Health and 

Human Development

NIDDK National Institute of Diabetes and 

Digestive and Kidney Diseases

NIH National Institutes of Health

NINDS National Institute of Neurological 

Disorders and Stroke

NRSA National Research Service Award

ORTMH Office of Research Training and 

Minority Health

OSA obstructive sleep apnea

PA Program Announcement

PAD peripheral artery disease

PHS Public Health Service

POWER Practice-Based Opportunity for Weight 

Reduction

RFA Request for Applications

RFP Request for Proposals

RPG research project grant

SBIR Small Business Innovation Research

SCD sickle cell disease

SCCOR Specialized Center of Clinically 

Oriented Research

SCOR Specialized Center of Research

SDB sleep disordered breathing

SEP Special Emphasis Panel
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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

SES socioeconomic status

SIDS sudden infant death syndrome

STAN Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids

STTR Small Business Technology Transfer

SWITCH Stroke With Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea

TB tuberculosis

WHI Women’s Health Initiative

WLM Weight Loss Maintenance

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NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Index

Index

A

Abbreviated Staff Directory, 1–7

Abbreviations, 197–199

Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes 

(ACCORD), 29, 118, 122, 123, 145

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network 

(ARDSNet), 118, 122, 130

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent Vascular Events, 

83, 85, 113, 116

Airway Smooth Muscle Function and Targeted Therapeutics in 

Human Asthma, 52

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, 183–187

Ancillary Studies in Clinical Trials, 52, 150

Asthma Networks (AsthmaNet), 52, 83, 91, 121, 122, 130, 146 

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 102–103, 136

B

Basic and Translational Research Program (See also 

Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers Program), 99, 135, 150, 

152

Behavioral and Social Science Research on Understanding and 

Reducing Health Disparities, 54

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network, 84, 

92, 121, 122, 132–133, 151

Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients Requiring Temporary 

Interruption of Warfarin Therapy for an Elective Invasive 

Procedure or Surgery (BRIDGE) Trial, 84, 94, 115, 117

Budget History, FY 1950–2009, 69

Budget Overview, Obligations by Funding Mechanism, 

FY 2009, 65–67

Blood Diseases and Resources Program, 67

Cardiovascular Diseases Program, 66

Extramural Obligations, 66

Lung Diseases Program, 67

Prevention and Population Sciences Program, 66

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 

Diabetics (BARI 2D), 30, 83, 85, 112, 116, 145

C

Candidate Gene Association Resources, 102, 103, 145

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network, 83, 85, 120, 

122, 123

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), 102, 103, 136

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Events Follow-Up Study, 

83, 85

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions 

(CORAL), 83, 85–86, 112

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial 

Fibrillaton (CABANA) Trial, 83, 86, 113, 116

Centers for AIDS Research, 65, 67, 77, 100

Characterizing the Blood Stem Cell Niche, 52

Childhood Asthma Management Program–Continuation Study 

(CAMP–CS)/Phase III, 83, 91, 114, 116

Circadian-Coupled Cellular Function in Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Tissues, 52

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization 

(CLEVER), 83, 86, 113, 116

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation 

Outcomes, 83, 86, 122, 123

Clinical Trials (See also individual trials), 111–134

Institute-initiated: contracts, FY 1999–2009, 118–119

cooperative agreements, FY 1999–2009, 120–121

summary by program, FY 2009, 122

Investigator-initiated, FY 1999–2009, 111–115

summary by program, FY 2009, 116–117

Community-Responsive Intervention To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in American Indians and Alaska 

Natives, 83, 86, 120, 122, 124, 137

Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers Program, 65, 67, 77, 99, 

150

Contract obligations (See Research and development contracts)

Cooperative Agreements, 9, 51, 57, 77, 83–84, 85–95, 111–117, 

120–134, 191

COPD Clinical Research Network, 83, 91, 121, 122, 130, 147

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults 

(CARDIA), 51, 102, 103, 136, 142

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities Academic Award, 

77, 137, 157, 158
202

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Index

D

Developmental Origins of Altered Lung Physiology and 

Immune Function, 52

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—Phase II, 53, 

121, 122, 124–125

Disease statistics 

adult population with hypertension, 47

death rates for cardiovascular diseases, 31, 35, 37

death rates for heart diseases, 31, 35–40

death rates for lung diseases, 32, 41, 43, 44

death rates for stroke, 38

deaths attributed to heart failure, 37

deaths by major causes, 33

deaths from blood diseases, 32–34

deaths from cardiovascular diseases, 31–35

deaths from lung diseases, 32–34, 42

discharged dead from hospital with cardiovascular and lung 

diseases, 39

economic costs of illness, 31–32, 49

hospitalization rates for heart failure, 32, 48

percent change in age-adjusted death rates for selected 

causes, 41

persons experiencing asthma episodes in previous 

12 months, 48

physician office visits for sleep disorders, 44

prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, 46

prevalence of common cardiovascular and lung diseases, 45, 

46

ten leading causes of death, 36

ten leading causes of death among minority groups, 36

Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health, 53

Division for the Application of Research Discoveries, 4, 9, 

16–17, 137

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, 9, 13, 21

Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, 9, 11–12

Division of Intramural Research, 9, 15–16

Division of Lung Diseases, 9, 12–13

Division of Prevention and Population Sciences, 9, 14–15

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping, 102, 104

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 

83, 86

E

EDTA Chelation Therapy for Coronary Artery Disease, 120, 

122, 125

Effect of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination/Bias on Health Care 

Delivery, 53, 137

Employment, FY 1999–2009, 72

Epigenomics of Human Health and Disease, 53

Exploratory Studies in the Neurobiology of Pain in Sickle Cell 

Disease, 53, 151

Extramural research funding

dollars funded by funding mechanism, FY 1999–2009, 72, 

74–75

percentage trends by funding mechanism, FY 1999–2009, 74, 

76

F

Framingham Heart Study, 22, 24, 29, 102, 104

Funding of grants, contracts, and training by:

foreign country and institution, FY 2009:

Argentina, 179; Australia, 180; Bangladesh, 180; 

Canada, 180; China, 180; Colombia, 180; Guatemala 180, 

Hungary, 180; Iceland, 181; India, 181; Kenya, 181; New 

Zealand, 181; Peru, 181; South Africa, 181; Switzerland, 

181; United Kingdom, 181

state or territory and institution, FY 2009:

Alabama, 162; Alaska, 162; Arizona, 162; Arkansas, 162; 

California, 162–164; Colorado, 164; Connecticut, 

164–165; Delaware, 165; District of Columbia, 165; 

Florida, 165–166; Georgia, 166; Hawaii, 166; Illinois, 166; 

Indiana, 166–167; Iowa, 167; Kansas, 167; Kentucky, 167; 

Louisiana, 167; Maine, 167–168; Maryland, 168–169; 

Massachusetts, 169–170; Michigan, 170; Minnesota, 

170–171; Mississippi, 171; Missouri, 171; Montana, 171; 

Nebraska, 171; Nevada, 172; New Hampshire, 172; 

New Jersey, 172; New Mexico, 172; New York, 172–173; 

North Carolina, 173–174; Ohio, 174; Oklahoma, 175; 

Oregon, 175; Pennsylvania, 175–176; Rhode Island, 176; 

South Carolina, 176; South Dakota, 176; Tennessee, 

176–177; Texas, 177; Utah, 178; Vermont, 178; Virginia, 

178; Washington, 178–179; West Virginia, 179; Wisconsin, 

179; Puerto Rico, 179

G

Genetic Epidemiology of COPD, 83, 91

Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Other 

Cardiovascular Conditions (GENTAC): National Registry, 

102, 104

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives 

(GOCADAN), 83, 87, 136

Genome-Wide Association Studies To Identify Genetic 

Components That Relate to Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Disorders, 146, 150

Global Health Centers of Excellence, 52–53, 102, 104–105
203

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Index

H

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network, 83, 87, 120, 122, 125, 

139

Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS), 102, 105, 136, 

142

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell (hPSC) Research Using NonEmbryonic Sources, 54

I

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network, 83, 

91, 121, 122, 131

Immunomodulatory, Inflammatory, and Vasoregulatory 

Properties of Transfused Red Blood Cell Units as a Function 

of Preparation and Storage, 52

Important events in NHLBI history, 19–30

Improved Measures of Diet and Physical Activity for the Genes 

and Environment Initiative, 83, 87

Improving Heart Failure Disease Management, 54

Individual National Research Service Awards (NRSA), 153–

156, 194–195

Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic Fibrosis (ISIS), 83, 91, 

114, 116

Innovative Computational and Statistical Methodologies for the 

Design and Analysis of Multilevel Studies on Childhood 

Obesity, 54

J

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), 102, 105, 136

L

Longitudinal Studies of HIV-Associated Lung Infections and 

Complications, 149

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT), 119, 122, 

131–132

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes, 121, 122, 125, 

141

Lung Tissue Research Consortium, 102, 107

M

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository, 102, 

108

Mentored Career Development Award To Promote Faculty 

Diversity/Re-Entry in Biomedical Research, 53

Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract in HIV-Infected 

Individuals and HIV-Uninfected Controls, 52, 83, 92, 149

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research, 53, 

77, 157–158, 193

Minority Activities, 135–152

Minority Institutional Research Training Program, 53

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 102, 105–106, 

136–137, 142, 145

N

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine, 53

National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT), 26, 28, 118, 

122, 132

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 

(NHANES)—Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Sleep 

Components, 54

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council, 57; 

membership, 58

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigations in 

Cardiovascular Medicine, 83, 87, 120, 122, 126

NHLBI Cardiac Development Consortium, 55, 83, 87

NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program (GTRP), 102, 106

NHLBI Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium, 55, 83, 87–88

NHLBI Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium, 53, 83, 88

NHLBI Programs, 9–10

NHLBI–CDC Registry and Surveillance System in 

Hemoglobinopathies (RuSH), 55, 102, 108

O

Obligations by funding mechanism, FY 2009, 65–67

Obligations trends, FY 1999–2009,

budget category:

constant 1999 dollars, 70–71

current dollars, 70–71

budget history, 69

funding mechanism, 72, 74–76

Institute-initiated awards and investigator-initiated awards, 

73–74

Occluded Artery Trial, 29, 83, 88, 112, 116

Obligations, extramural, by state and institution, FY 2009 (See 

Funding of grants, contracts, and training)

Office of Research Training and Minority Health, 2, 135

P

Pediatric Circulatory Support, 102, 106

Pediatric Heart Network, 55, 83, 88, 120, 122, 126
204

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Index

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS)—Data and 

Operations Center, 120, 122, 126–127

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG), 

119, 122, 133, 151

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 83, 92

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, 83, 88–89

Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for 

Acute DVT–ATTRACT Trial, 84, 94, 115, 117

Practice-Based Opportunity for Weight Reduction (POWER) 

Trials, 83, 89, 120, 122, 127, 141

Predictive Multiscale Models of the Physiome in Health and 

Disease, 54

Prevention and Population Sciences Program, obligations by 

funding mechanism, 66

Program Advisory and Review Committees, 57–63

Program Overview, 9–17

Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology, 83, 89

Proteomics Initiative, 102, 106–107

R

Randomized Controlled Study of Adenotonsillectomy for 

Childhood Sleep Apnea, 84, 92, 114, 116, 148

Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin 

Therapy, 102, 107, 118, 122, 127

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation To 

Prevent Childhood Asthma, 84, 92–93, 115, 117

Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support, 102, 107

Research Activity, types of, 191–195

Research and development contracts (See also individual 

programs and studies), 65, 73, 101–109

by program, FY 2009, 66–67

Research Career Programs, 65–67, 72–76, 77–78, 80, 192–194

awards, FY 1999–2009, 157

minority biomedical research, FY 1999–2009, 159

obligation trends, FY 1999–2009, 158

Research grants,

by category, FY 2009, 78

by funding mechanism, 77

clinical trials, 111–117

investigator-initiated and Institute-initiated, FY 1999–2009, 

73–74, 80

obligation trends, FY 1999–2009, 75

Research on Causal Factors and Interventions That Promote 

and Support the Careers of Women in Biomedical and 

Behavioral Science and Engineering, 54

Research project grants

amount funded, FY 1999–2009, 78, 81

applications reviewed and awarded, FY 1999–2009, 79

average costs, FY 1999–2009, 82

by funding mechanism, 77

by program, 66–67

facility and administrative costs, 81

Research Training and Career Development (See also Research 

Career Programs),

full-time training positions, FY 1999–2009, 153–154, 156

history of training obligations, FY 1999–2009, 155

minority biomedical obligations, 159

research career programs: awards and obligations, 

FY 1999–2009, 157–158

supplements program: awards and obligations, 

FY 1999–2009, 159–160

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study-II (REDS-II), 102, 

108–109

Rule Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computed Assisted 

Tomography (ROMICAT II), 83, 89, 113, 116

Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards for 

Individual Predoctoral Fellowships To Promote Diversity in 

Health-Related Research, 54

S

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With Acute 

Respiratory Failure, 84, 93, 114, 117

Severe Asthma Research Program, 146

Sickle Cell Disease Clinical Research Network, 121, 151

Sildenafil for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated Pulmonary 

Hypertension, 119, 122, 133, 151

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities, 102, 109

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research 

(SCCOR) in 

Cardiac Dysfunction and Disease, 96–97

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 96–97

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Diseases, 96, 98

Host Factors in Chronic Lung Diseases, 96–98

Pulmonary Vascular Disease, 96, 98

Transfusion Biology and Medicine, 96, 98

Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling, 96–97

Stress Management Interventions To Reduce Risk of Coronary 

Artery Disease, 51
205

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

Index

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea 

(SWITCH), 84, 94, 115, 117, 151

Strong Heart Study, 23, 83, 89, 136

Study of Acid Reflux Therapy for Children With Asthma, 84, 

93

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN), 84, 93, 114, 117, 

146

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma (SOYA), 84, 93–94, 114, 

117

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD 

Study (SPIROMICS), 102, 107, 119, 122, 132

Summer Institute for Training in Biostatistics, 54

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH), 30, 83, 

90, 112, 116

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), 51, 118, 

122, 127

T

Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults, 

51–52, 83, 90, 121, 122, 127–128, 141

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network, 

84, 95, 121, 122, 134, 152

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest 

(THAPCA) Trials, 83, 90, 113, 116

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch, 14

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) With Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea (TWITCH Trial), 52, 151

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network, 

84, 95, 121, 122, 134

Translating Basic Behavioral and Social Science Discoveries 

Into Interventions To Reduce Obesity, 54, 83, 90

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy in Adults With 

Preserved Ejection Fraction Congestive Heart Failure 

(TOPCAT), 118, 122, 128

Trial of Late Surfactant To Prevent Bronchopulmonary 

Dysplasia (TOLSURF), 84, 94, 114, 117

Tuberculosis Curriculum Coordination Center, 102, 107, 150

U

Understanding and Promoting Health Literacy, 54

W

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM), 83, 90–91, 112, 116, 141

Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), 9, 10, 15, 25, 27, 28, 118, 

122, 128–130, 145–146


f