[Cite as State v. Ivey , 2021-Ohio-2138.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. L-19-1243 Appellee Trial Court No. CR0201901267

v. Melvin Ivey DECISION AND JUDGMENT Appellant Decided: June 25, 2021

* * * * * Julia R. Bates, Lucas County Prosecuting Attorney, and Evy M. Jarrett, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee. Henry Schaefer, for appellant. * * * * * MAYLE, J. {¶ 1} Appellant, Melvin Ivey, appeals the September 11, 2019 judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas sentencing him to four years in prison. For the following reasons, we affirm.2. I. Background and Facts {¶ 2} On August 27, 2019, Ivey pleaded no contest to one count of fel onious assault in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(1). At the plea hearin g, the trial court elicited from Ivey that he was 23 years old, had completed a year of com munity college, and was a certified phlebotomist. Following the state’s recitation of the facts underlying the charge, the trial court found Ivey guilty and ordered a present ence investigation report (“PSI”). {¶ 3} On September 11, 2019, the trial court sentenced Ivey to four y ears in prison. In addition to the prison term, the trial court ordere d Ivey to pay “the costs of prosecution.” The court did not expressly impose any other fee s or costs. While the court noted that Ivey had no criminal history and was gainfully employed, it did not address his ability to pay financial sanctions in any other way . Although the trial court did not directly address Ivey’s ability to pay, it stated that it had reviewed the PSI, which includes information about Ivey’s financial, educational, and v ocational background. {¶ 4} The trial court included the imposition of costs and fees in it s September 11, 2019 sentencing entry. Specifically, the entry states: Defendant found to have, or reasonably may be expected to have, the means to pay all or part of the applicable costs of supervision , confinement, assigned counsel, and prosecution as authorized by law. Defend ant ordered to reimburse the State of Ohio and Lucas County for such costs. * * *3. Defendant further ordered to pay the cost[s] assessed pursuant to R.C. 9.92(C), 2929.18 and 2951.021 if not sentenced to ODRC. {¶ 5} Ivey now appeals his conviction, raising one assignment of erro r: THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF MR. IVEY WHEN IT ORDERED HIM TO PAY UNSPECIFIED COSTS, INCLUDING COURT APPOINTED FEES, WITHOUT FIRST
DETERMINING THE ABILITY TO PAY THOSE COSTS. II. Law and Analysis {¶ 6} In his assignment of error, although he concedes that the trial court was required to impose the costs of prosecution, Ivey contends that the trial court erred by imposing the remaining financial sanctions because there is no evidence in the record that the court considered his ability to pay. The state responds th at the evidence in the record clearly and convincingly supports the trial court’s finding tha t Ivey “ha[s], or reasonably may be expected to have, the means to pay all or part of the ap plicable costs of supervision, confinement, [and] assigned counsel * * *.” {¶ 7} Our standard of review on this issue is whether the imposition of costs was contrary to law. R.C. 2953.08(A)(4) and (G)(2)(b); State v. Farless , 6th Dist. Lucas Nos. L-15-1060 and L-15-1061, 2016-Ohio-1571, ¶ 4; State v. Collins , 2015-Ohio-3710, 41 N.E.3d 899, ¶ 31 (12th Dist.) (“An appellate court may not modi fy a financial sanction unless it finds by clear and convincing evidence that it is not supported by the record or is contrary to law.” (Internal quotations omitted.)).4. {¶ 8} The imposition of the costs of supervision, confinement, and as signed counsel is discretionary. State v. Gray , 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-15-1072, 2015-Ohio-5021, ¶ 20. If the court elects to impose these costs, it must affir matively find that the defendant has, or reasonably may be expected to have, the abili ty to pay. Id. at ¶ 21; State v. Wymer , 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-18-1108, 2019-Ohio-1563, ¶ 14; R.C. 2929.18(A)(5)(a)(i), (ii); R.C. 2945.51(D). Although the “best practice” is for the trial court to put the basis for its findings regarding a defendant’s ability to pay on the record, the trial court is not required to explicitly make findings on the record. State v. Taylor , Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-6786, -- N.E.3d --, ¶ 2. Nor is the court required to consider any specific factors in reaching its determination about a defe ndant’s ability to pay. State v. VanCamp , 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-15-034, 2016-Ohio-2980, ¶ 10. While th e court need not conduct a formal hearing as to the defendant’s ability to pay discretionary costs, a finding of his ability to pay must be supported by clear and convincing evidence in the record. Wymer at ¶ 14. When the record on appeal contains no evidence reflec ting the trial court’s consideration of present or future ability to pay these costs—such as consideration of defendant’s age, health, employment history, o r level of education—the imposition of these costs is improper and must be vacated. State v. Stovall , 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-18-1048, 2019-Ohio-4287, ¶ 37. The trial court’s i ndication that it reviewed a PSI that includes information on the defendant’s financial, e ducational, and vocational background is sufficient to support the trial court’s impositio n of discretionary costs. See State v. Cantrill , 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-18-1047, 2020-Ohio-1235, ¶ 91.5. {¶ 9} Here, the trial court explicitly stated that it “reviewed the p resentence report * * *” before imposing Ivey’s sentence. The PSI includes suffi cient information about Ivey’s age, educational history, employment and vocational hist ory, and past wages to support the trial court’s finding that Ivey had, or reasonably would have, the ability to pay the costs of supervision, confinement, and assigned counsel

. See Cantrill at ¶ 91;
State v. Leveck , 6th Dist. Fulton No. F-20-009, 2021-Ohio-1547, ¶ 17. {¶ 10} Because the record clearly and convincingly supports the trial court’s finding that Ivey has or will have the ability to pay, we find that the court’s imposition of discretionary costs is not contrary to law. Ivey’s assignment of error is not well-taken.
II. Conclusion {¶ 11} Based on the foregoing, the September 11, 2019 judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed. Ivey is ordered to p ay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24. Judgment affirmed. A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pur suant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.

Christine E. Mayle, J. _____________________ __________ JUDGE Gene A. Zmuda, P.J.

_______________________________ Myron C. Duhart, J. JUDGE CONCUR.

_______________________________ JUDGE6. This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Cour t of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing th e final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.