1

Task Order 3003 – General Technical and Programmatic Support for Regulatory 

Development

Technical Directive Number 7 

Task 2, Subtask b - Overfill Protection

Summary of Overfill Protection Device Analysis

January 26, 2009

1.0 Background

This report summarizes the methodologies and findings of three reviews of information 

related to overfill protection devices. As part of the regulatory development process, 

EPA’s Office of Underground Storage Tanks (OUST) is gathering information on overfill 

protection devices (ball float valves, automatic shutoff devices, and overfill alarms), 

including use, cost, state regulations, and language contained in standard codes of 

practice. This report includes summaries of the following three research tasks:

1. Equipment and installation costs for three overfill devices

2. Industry standards on allowed use of and restrictions for the overfill protection 

devices

3. Regulatory and policy information on state requirements 

Four appendices are also included:

 Appendix A: Detailed Equipment and Installation Cost Data

 Appendix B: Industry Standards for Allowed Use and Restrictions on Use

 Appendix C: Images from Industry Standards

 Appendix D: State / Territorial Regulations and Policies

Information regarding the frequency of use will be provided in a separate summary

document.

2.0 Equipment and Installation Cost Summary

Methodology

Using Internet sources and by contacting not more than nine vendors or installation 

contractors of overfill equipment1, the average equipment and installation costs of three

overfill devices were estimated. To the extent possible, costs were intended to represent 

prices across the United States.

Overfill equipment vendors were located by searching online industry directories and 

conducting general Internet searches. Companies listed in the Petroleum Equipment 

Institute (PEI) member directory were researched to confirm whether the vendors sold 

overfill equipment devices and if prices were available online. If manufacturer Web sites 

listed products but not prices, additional online searches were conducted in order to 

 

1

In order to comply with the Paperwork Reduction Act, no more than nine contractors were contacted.
2

locate prices from other distributors. Additional device prices were obtained from 

www.petrodirect.com. 

A list of installation contractors was compiled from lists of companies on vendor Web 

sites (e.g., Krueger Sentry Gauge’s list of preferred distributors), lists of certified 

contractors on state underground storage tank (UST) program Web sites, and results from 

general Internet searches. No contractor Web sites accessed included pricing 

information. Nine installation contractors (one from each EPA region) were contacted 

for pricing information. Each company’s Web site advertises that they perform UST 

repairs, retrofits, and installations. 

Results

Interviewed contractors annually install more automatic shutoff valves on average (52)

than ball float valves (33) or overfill alarms (15). Five of the nine contractors install 

automatic shutoff valves in approximately 100 percent of tanks. Four contractors 

reported installing ball float valves in all new tanks. Interviewed contractors rarely install 

overfill alarms. One contractor reported that all new tanks are installed with ball float 

valves, automatic shutoff valves, and overfill alarms. Convenience stores and 

commercial sites are the most frequent clients served by these contractors. See Table A4 

for more details. 

Prices for 31 ball float valves were located online, while four of the contractors reported 

prices (see Table A1). These devices were manufactured by four different companies. 

The average cost of a ball float device was $81 (Table 1). Prices ranged from $33 to 

$221. Average installation costs for a new tank were estimated as $75 and retrofit 

installation costs estimated by contractors ranged from $2,000 to $10,000. 

Prices for 40 automatic shutoff valves were located online, while six of the contractors 

reported prices (see Table A1). These devices were manufactured by three different 

companies. The average cost of an automatic shutoff valve was $567 (Table 1). Prices 

ranged from $328 to $1,400. Average installation costs for a new tank ranged from $150 

to $800 and one contractor estimated retrofit installation costs as $500. 

Prices for two overfill alarm units were located online. These devices were manufactured 

by two different companies and cost $415 and $434 (see Table A1). One contractor 

interviewed indicated they charge $700 for the device. Contractors reported that tank 

owners do not typically install independent overfill alarms, but rather install automatic 

tank gauge (ATG) systems which include audible and visual overfill alarm components. 

The estimated average cost of installation reported for these ATG systems was $3,433. 

Average installation cost estimates ranged from $1,000 to $10,000, depending upon the 

number of tanks and the distance from the console. Interviewed contractors did not 

perform retrofit installation of overfill alarms.
3

Table 1. Average Overfill Equipment and Installation Costs2

Average Costs

Equipment

Retrofit 

Installation

New Tank 

Installation Total Retrofit Total New Tank

Ball Float 

Valves $81 $2,000 - $10,000 $75 $2,081 - $10,081 $156

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valves

$567 $500 $150 - $800 $1,067 $717 - $1,367

Overfill 

Alarms $5163 Data not 

available $1,000 - $10,000 Data not available $1,516 - $10,516

Ball float valves have the lowest average device cost ($81) and installation cost for a new 

tank ($75), but high retrofit installation costs ($2,000 to $10,000). Automatic shutoff 

valves cost more than ball float valves ($567), but have the lowest average retrofit 

installation costs of the three devices ($500) and were reported by contractors as the most 

common choice among tank owners with existing tanks. Overfill alarms have the largest 

average total cost for new tanks ($1,516 to $10,516). 

Although the nine contractors were selected to provide information applicable across the 

United States, the results do not provide information for all overfill equipment. Most 

contractors contacted only install either ball floats or automatic shutoff valves, causing 

less information to be available for equipment and installation estimates for each overfill 

device (Table 2). For example, the average retrofit installation costs for ball floats is 

based on estimates from only three contractors and new tank installation costs are based 

on two contractors. Combined with online pricing, the equipment cost estimates for ball 

floats and automatic shutoff valves are the most representative data gathered. 

Table 2. Number of Interviewed Contractors Providing Estimates

Equipment Retrofit Installation New Tank Installation

Ball Float Valves 4 3 2

Automatic Shutoff Valves 6 1 5

Overfill Alarms 1 0 2

 

2 Equipment costs are based on online prices and contractor quotes.

3 Average equipment cost of overfill alarms omits two contractor quotes which included costs of ATG 

consoles and sensors. 
4

3.0 Industry Standards

Methodology

Three industry standards were researched for information about the allowed use of and 

restrictions for the three overfill protection devices. The industry standards included:

1. American Petroleum Institute (API) Recommended Practice (RP) 1615. 1996. 

“Installation of Underground Petroleum Storage Systems.” American Petroleum 

Institute and Strategies for Today’s Environmental Partnership (STEP):

Washington, D.C. Fifth edition;

2. National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA) 30. 2008. “Flammable and 

Combustible Liquids Code.” National Fire Protection Association: Quincy, 

Massachusetts; and

3. Petroleum Equipment Institute (PEI) RP100-05. 2005. “Recommended Practices 

for Installation of Underground Liquid Storage Systems.” Petroleum Equipment 

Institute: Tulsa, Oklahoma.

All specific instances where automatic shutoff valves, ball float valves, overfill alarms, 

and any of their aliases or synonymous names (e.g., “flapper valves,” “vent-restrictive 

valves”) appeared in the industry standards were copied verbatim into Appendix B. 

Additionally, non-specific, general discussions usage of “overfill prevention” or related 

issues, such as electrical wiring, fill pipe, and vent placement restrictions, were also 

copied directly. 

Except for NFPA 30, the industry standards documents also included images throughout 

with specific mentions of overfill devices. These diagrams show examples of device 

installation locations in a variety of situations, such as in single tanks or in an array of 

tanks. These images are included in Appendix C. 

Results

The three standards varied considerably in their discussion of overfill prevention devices.

The PEI RP contains the greatest information about the three specific devices, including

device-specific information and warnings. The API RP includes information regarding 

general overfill prevention, but does not explicitly mention any of the three devices. The 

third standard, NFPA 30, also does not mention specific devices, but does include 

relevant information about electrical wiring, a topic that pertains to installation aspects of 

overfill alarms. 

Automatic Shutoff Valves

Automatic shutoff valves are also referred to as “flow shut-off devices” and “flapper 

valves.” Due to the design of the valve mechanism, automatic shutoff valves for use with 

USTs should only be used with gravity deliveries (PEI/RP 100-05). Furthermore, they

should only be used where there are liquid-tight connections between the delivery hose 

and the fill pipe (PEI/RP 100-05). The PEI RP 100-05 includes three major warnings 

regarding the use of automatic shutoff valves:
5

1. The gauge riser, above the automatic shutoff valve itself, must be properly sealed 

or else product will pour from the gauge opening when the valve closes. 

2. Automatic shutoff valves should not be installed on tanks equipped with remotefill pipes and a gauge riser located directly above the valve.

3. If automatic shutoff valves are installed on tanks equipped with remote-fill pipes 

and a gauge riser directly above the valve, it is necessary to have installed a “trap 

door,” a specially-designed fitting that automatically closes the gauge opening in 

the riser during delivery. The RP states that if “a trap door or equivalent device is 

not installed in the gauge riser, a properly tightened, threaded pipe cap must be 

installed in the riser above the flow shut-off device and a separate gauge riser 

installed to permit manual gauging of the tank.”

Ball Float Valves

Ball float valves, often referred to as “float-vent valves” or “vent-restriction devices,” are 

installed inside the UST just below the vent opening. These valves must be installed in 

an extractable fitting to allow access for inspection, maintenance, and tightness testing 

(PEI/RP 100-05). During normal operation of a ball float valve the tank becomes 

pressurized and can create a hazardous condition (PEI/RP 100-05). The general remedy, 

to release flammable vapors at grade, is not recommended by the PEI RP. The PEI RP

also does not recommend installing or continuing to use ball float valves due to this

potentially hazardous maintenance concern. 

The PEI RP lists a series of additional warnings regarding the use of ball float valves (see 

below). Most warnings directly limit the installation of ball float valves due to the 

concerns regarding their safety. Ball float valves tend to produce additional pressure in 

an already pressurized, confined, and potentially explosive atmosphere. 

Installation Warnings for ball float valves (PEI/RP 100-05):

 “Ball float valves must not be installed in storage systems where there is any

possibility of a pumped delivery into the tank. When an overfill occurs in 

conjunction with a pumped delivery and a tight-fill connection, the tank becomes 

severely over-pressurized and may rupture as a result.”

 “Ball float valves must not be installed in storage systems that are equipped with 

suction pumps and air eliminators.”

 “Ball float valves will not work when coaxial Stage I vapor recovery is used 

unless special fittings are installed.”

 “Ball float valves must not be used on tanks equipped with remote-fill pipes and 

gauge openings. If the vent-restriction device closes during a delivery when the 

gauge opening is uncapped, product will pour from the gauge opening onto the 

ground.”

 “When installing flow shut-off devices, do not install a ball-float valve unless the 

ball-float activates at a level higher in the tank than the flow shut-off device.”

 “Ball float valves should not be installed on emergency-generator or heating-oil 

supply tanks.”
6

Overfill Alarms

Also referred to as “external signaling devices,” overfill alarms are required by many 

authorities having jurisdiction as a necessary device in overfill prevention. They operate 

in conjunction with an automatic tank gauging system and annunciate when the product 

in the tank reaches a certain level. To remain effective, the alarm must “provide visual 

and audible signals to the delivery person” and “be located in close proximity to where 

the delivery personnel stand during delivery” (PEI/RP 100-05). 

Alarms are recommended by all three industry standards. The PEI RP recommends that 

an alarm be clearly labeled as a “tank overfill alarm,” or with similar language, so that it 

is easily recognizable. The PEI RP also recommends that power to all alarms be 

uninterrupted. 

General Notes on Overfill Prevention

Information contained in the three industry standards relevant to overfill protection

devices includes general discussion related to installation and operation. During 

installation, installers must consult manufacturer instructions and “refer to the gauging 

chart provided by the tank manufacturer to determine the correct distance below the tank 

top for that device” (PEI/RP 100-05). As stated in NFPA 30, “electrical utilization 

equipment and wiring shall not constitute a source of ignition for any ignitable vapor that 

might be present under normal operation or because of a spill.” Furthermore, the PEI RP 

suggests that overfill device installation be regulated as a percentage of tank capacity, not 

a percentage of tank diameter. Additionally, when applicable, the thickness of doublewalled tanks and the height of manway covers above the tank primary wall must be taken 

in consideration by installers when determining the appropriate distance below the tank 

top to install an overfill device (PEI/RP 100-05).

In order to operate successfully, any overfill prevention device must operate when a tank 

is nearly full in order to alert the operator (PEI/RP 100-05). Both federal regulations and 

industry standards recognize the importance of having overfill prevention equipment that 

will:

 Automatically shut off the flow of liquid into the tank when the tank is no more 

than 95 percent full; 

 Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by 

restricting the flow of liquid into the tank or triggering the high-level alarm; or

 Operate via other approved methods (NFPA 30). 

“Spills, drips, and overfills that occur during transfer operations from a delivery truck to 

the underground tank must be prevented or contained” (API/RP 1615). In order to 

contain small spills around the tank fills, spill-containment manholes must be installed 

(API/RP 1615). Containment manholes can be containers with drains that route any

spilled product back into the underground tank. “The required size of containment 

manholes varies according to state and local regulations” (API/RP 1615). Other methods 

of fluid removal, such as hand pumping, siphoning, and/or bailing are also available but 

are seen as not as practical as drains (API/RP 1615). 
7

Industry standards do not cite federal regulations, but suggest installation practices that 

mirror federal standards, especially 40 CFR §280.30. For example, to prevent overfills, 

the API RP suggests that equipment be installed that will severely restrict or shut off the 

flow of product automatically or alert the operator in timely a fashion when an overflow 

is imminent. “Before the transfer, the tank must be checked to ensure that sufficient 

volume is available” (API/RP 1615). During the transfer itself, the operation should be 

“monitored continuously” (API/RP 1615). A final consideration during filling 

recommends that “tank venting systems [...] be provided with sufficient capacity to 

prevent blowback of vapor or liquid at the fill opening while the tank is being filled” 

(NFPA 30). The PEI RP recommends that remote-fills should only be used “when 

necessary;” that any and all piping should be “slope[d] uniformly to the tank” to ensure 

proper drainage; and that owners, operators, and installers use “caution when selecting 

overfill protection devices for use with remote fills.”

4.0 Summary of State and Territorial Regulations and Policies

Methodology

By comparing state and territorial rules and policies to the federal regulations, state and 

territory requirements or policies were analyzed to determine to what degree states and 

territories matched federal standards and for language that matched or exceeded federal 

standards that specifically included the three overfill protection methods. 

State and territorial regulations and policies were accessed through EPA’s “State and 

Territory UST/LUST Program Status and Contacts” Web page4. The “Technical 

Standards and Corrective Action Requirements for Owners and Operators of 

Underground Storage Tanks (UST),” contained within Title 40, Chapter I, Parts 280.10-

280.230 of the Code of Federal Regulations are the federal regulations encompassing all 

applicable USTs. 40 CFR Parts 280.20 and 280.30 directly regulate spill and overfill 

prevention equipment and control measures for all other regulated tanks. These 

regulations require states and territories to maintain the federal minimum protection and 

prevention measures for spills, overfills, discharges, and releases of petroleum products 

from USTs at the time of product delivery and filling. 

Results

Results were tracked according to whether a state or territory incorporated the exact 

language or nearly identical language to the federal regulations, as broken down into the 

smallest discrete sections. State and territory regulations that exceeded federal standards 

were also tracked for comparison. Appendix D contains detailed results of and 

hyperlinks to the regulatory information, as well as the exact regulatory and policy

language for states with regulations that are different from the federal version. The major 

findings of the policy analysis are shown in Table 3.

 

4

http://www.epa.gov/oust/states/statcon1.htm (Last updated: November 5, 2008. Date Accessed: 

November 23, 2008)
8

Table 3: Summary of Comparison between State/Territorial Regulatory and Policy 

Language with Federal Language

Regulation

States/Territories

That Have 

Incorporated 

Federal Language

States/Territories

That Have Not 

Incorporated 

Federal Language

States/Territories

For Which

Information Could 

Not Been Found Total

Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

§280.20(c)(1)(i) 44 78.6 8 14.3 4 7.1 56 100

§280.20(c)(1)(ii)(A) 45 80.4 7 12.5 4 7.1 56 100

§280.20(c)(1)(ii)(B) 44 78.6 8 14.3 4 7.1 56 100

§280.20(c)(1)(ii)(C) 31 55.4 21 37.5 4 7.1 56 100

§280.20(c)(2)(i) 31 55.4 21 37.5 4 7.1 56 100

§280.20(c)(2)(ii) 36 64.3 16 28.6 4 7.1 56 100

§280.30(a) 33 58.9 19 34 4 7.1 56 100

§280.30(b) 22 39.3 30 53.6 4 7.1 56 100

Note: The four territories for which no information could be found regarding UST overfill regulations and 

policies include American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and US Virgin Islands.

Many states have incorporated the entirety of 40 CFR 280.20 and 40 CFR 280.30, the 

portions of Title 40 that directly discuss USTs and overfill prevention devices. Far fewer 

states or territories on average include sections 40 CFR 280.30(a) or (b). For example, in 

regards to section 40 CFR 280.30(b), 30 states or territories make no specific reference to 

any technical and industry standard, including those specifically mentioned in the federal 

regulations. 

Six states or territories have entirely adopted or incorporated by reference the federal 

standards: Georgia, Michigan, North Carolina, Northern Mariana Islands, Oregon, and 

Utah. Whereas these states have incorporated both Subparts B (280.20) and C (280.30), 

Kentucky only incorporates Subpart C (280.30). 

Seven states (Maine, Rhode Island, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Texas, and 

Nebraska) specifically bar the installation of ball float valves (“vent-float valves” or

“vent-restriction devices”) in suction systems. Nebraska bans ball floats entirely after the 

effective date of regulation (September 2007). These seven states are the only states to 

specifically ban the use of an overfill prevention device in regulatory language.

Rhode Island allows the use of “vent whistles” as an alarm system under the following 

circumstances: 

 When tight-fill, pump-off deliveries are made; 

 When the vent whistle is set to alarm when the tank is 90 percent full; 

 When the vent whistle is installed in a manner that allows for easy annual 

inspection; and

 Where the vent opening is located within eight feet, or as close as practically 

possible, to the fill pipe.

New Hampshire requires that “all new underground storage tank systems utilizing suction 

piping and an air eliminator be equipped with a high-level visual and audible alarm” or 
9

“a device that [...] automatically and completely shut[s] off flow into the tank.” New 

Hampshire requires either an overfill alarm or an automatic shutoff valve, but does not 

require installation of both. Current New Hampshire regulations do not ban the use of 

ball float valves. Therefore, it appears as though the use or installation of a ball float 

valve would also require the upgrade or installation of an overfill alarm or an automatic 

shutoff valve. 

Pennsylvania specifically bans the bypassing of overfill protection. In this ban, 

Pennsylvania includes two examples of bypass: 1) coaxial vapor recovery systems 

bypassing the flow vent valve, and 2) the use of a spill bucket drain valve. Additionally, 

the regulations state that where ball float valves are used on non-suction systems, they 

must be fitted with extractors and must be readily accessible for "removal and operational 

verification."

Some states meet most of the federal regulations, but differ in only one or two sections. 

For example, in regards to 40 CFR 280.20 (c)(1)(ii)(C), Maryland requires only that the 

alarm annunciate within one minute before overfilling. Maryland does not include the 

alternatives given in this federal standard, to either “restrict flow 30 minutes prior to 

overfilling” or to “automatically shut off flow into the tank so that none of the fittings are 

exposed to product.” However, the fact that these two alternatives are not present in the 

Maryland regulations is the only significant difference between the Maryland and federal 

regulations.

In contrast, the District of Columbia, which does not seem to include any federal 

regulations, has a regulation that mimics 40 CFR 280.20 (c)(1)(ii)(C). This regulation 

does not specify an alarm time for the overfill alarm, but does indicate that an alarm must 

be installed on pressurized systems.

Similarly to DC, Florida is a state that also meets few of the federal regulations. Florida 

meets federal criteria only for sections 280.20(c)(1)(ii)(A) and (B). However, in contrast 

to DC, Florida establishes its own performance criteria for regulation that do not seem to 

mimic federal standards. In one instance, in place of 280.20(c)(1)(ii)(C), Florida 

regulates that the "transfer operator [be alerted] with a high-level alarm set at 400 gallons 

below tank top, but no less than one minute before overfilling."
A-1

Appendix A: Detailed Equipment and Installation Cost Data

Table A1: Equipment Prices

Type Manufacturer Model Price Source

Automatic

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton A1100-010 OPV 

VALVE ONLY 4” $328.17 http://www.emcoretail.com/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton

A1100-011 OPV 

VALVE ONLY UK 

4”

$342.31 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Universal Valve 

Company

4" UST Overfill 

Valve only $445.00 http://www.universalvalve.com/Catalog/cover.htm

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton

A1100-055 OPV 

DUAL POINT 

4”X13’

$449.53 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton

A1100-056 OPV 

DUAL POINT 

4”X15’

$465.14 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton

A1100-054S OPV 

DUAL PT W/FLAG 

4”X12.5’

$477.23 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A1100-055S OPV 

DUAL POINT 

SCREW 

TOGETHER 4”X13’

$482.07 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A1100-055P OPV 

DUAL POINT 

4”X13’ 

W/CAP&ADAPTER

$487.04 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton

A1100-057 OPV 

DUAL POINT 

4”X18’

$495.17 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A1100-056S OPV 

DUAL POINT 

SCREW 

TOGETHER 4”X15’

$497.69 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

OPW 61SO--4000 5X8 

OVERFILL VALVE $498.75

https://www.yantequipmen

t.com/store.php?vendor=al

l&by=0&part=&use=0&ca

t=96&submit=Search

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

OPW DNA $500 SME Solutions

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A1100-055SP OPV 

DP SCREW 

TOGETHER 4”X13’ 

W/C&A

$501.53 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A1100-056P OPV 

DUAL POINT 

4”X15’ 

W/CAP&ADAPTER

$502.65 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf
A-2

Type Manufacturer Model Price Source

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A1100-054SC OPV 

DUAL PT W/FLAG, 

BSPP CAGE 

4”X12.5’

$506.92 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A1100-054SCN OPV 

DUAL PT W/FLAG, 

NPSM CAGE 

4”X12.5’

$506.92 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A1100-056SP OPV 

DP SCREW 

TOGETHER 4”X15’ 

W/C&A

$517.14 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A1100-057P OPV 

DUAL POINT 

4”X18’ 

W/CAP&ADAPTER

$532.69 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton A1100-065 OPV 

COAXIAL 4”X13’ $534.87 http://www.emcoretail.com/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton

A1100-085 OPV

COAX SELFSEALING 4”X13’$534.87 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A1100-057S OPV 

DUAL POINT 

SCREW 

TOGETHER 4”X18’

$536.40 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

OPW 61SO--4010 

OVERFILL $551.25

https://www.yantequipmen

t.com/store.php?vendor=al

l&by=0&part=&use=0&ca

t=96&submit=Search

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Universal Valve 

Company

4" UST Overfill w/ 5' 

& 7' drop tube $554.45 http://www.universalvalve.com/Catalog/cover.htm

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton A1100-066 OPV 

COAXIAL 4”X15’ $554.91 http://www.emcoretail.com/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton

A1100-086 OPV 

COAX SELFSEALING 4”X15’$554.91 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton

A1100-065P OPV 

COAXIAL 4”X13’ 

W/CAP&ADAPTER

$556.75 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton A1100-067 OPV 

COAXIAL 4”X18’ $565.61 http://www.emcoretail.com/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

EMCO Wheaton

A1100-087 OPV 

COAX SELFSEALING 4”X18’$565.61 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf
A-3

Type Manufacturer Model Price Source

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

OPW

61SO-100C - OPW 

Overfill Prevention 

Valve

$569.37

http://www.petrodirect.co

m/product.asp?productID=

382&cID=0&pID=0

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton

A1100-057SP OPV 

DP SCREW 

TOGETHER 4”X18’ 

W/C&A

$572.01 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A1100-085P OPV 

COAX SELFSEALING 4”X13’ 

W/C&A

$573.44 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton

A1100-058 OPV 

DUAL POINT 

4”X21’

$587.33 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton

A1100-066P OPV 

COAXIAL 4”X15’ 

W/CAP&ADAPTER

$593.50 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve EMCO Wheaton

A1100-086P OPV 

COAX SELFSEALING 4”X15’ 

W/C&A

$593.51 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Universal Valve 

Company

4" UST Overfill w/ 7' 

& 10' drop tube $595.30 http://www.universalvalve.com/Catalog/cover.htm

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

OPW,

Emco-Wheaton

Data Not Available 

(DNA) $600 Advanced Petroleum Systems

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

OPW DNA $600 Cortland Pump and 

Equipment

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

OPW, 

Emco-Wheaton DNA $600 Kelly Maintenance Company

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton

A1100-067P OPV 

COAXIAL 4”X18’ 

W/CAP&ADAPTER

$604.22 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

Emco-Wheaton

A1100-087P OPV 

COAX SELFSEALING 4”X18’ 

W/C&A

$604.22 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A1100-058S OPV 

DUAL POINT 

SCREW 

TOGETHER 4”X21’

$619.83 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf
A-4

Type Manufacturer Model Price Source

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A1100-058P OPV 

DUAL POINT 

4”X21’ 

W/CAP&ADAPTER

$624.85 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

OPW DNA $650 Service Station Repair

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A1100-058SP OPV 

DP SCREW 

TOGETHER 4”X21’ 

W/C&A

$643.22 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve OPW 61SO-3" OVERFILL $1,023.75

https://www.yantequipmen

t.com/store.php?vendor=al

l&by=0&part=&use=0&ca

t=96&submit=Search

Automatic 

Shutoff 

Valve

OPW,

Emco-Wheaton DNA $1,400 Keystone Service and Supply

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0075-100 BALL 

FLOAT 2X4.75” 

1/8” BH BSPT

$33.28 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0075-001 BALL 

FLOAT 2X5” 1/8” 

BH

$33.61 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0075-006 BALL 

FLOAT 2X6.87” 

1/16” BH

$34.81 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0075-004 BALL 

FLOAT 2X8” 1/8” 

BH

$35.76 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0075-002 BALL 

FLOAT 2X9” 1/8” 

BH

$36.39 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0075-013 BALL 

FLOAT 2X13.75” 

1/8” BH

$41.94 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0075-015 BALL 

FLOAT 2X15.75” 

1/8” BH

$43.30 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0075-017 BALL 

FLOAT 2X17.75” 

1/8” BH

$44.69 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0075-010 BALL 

FLOAT 2X18” 1/8” 

BH

$44.89 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf
A-5

Type Manufacturer Model Price Source

Ball Float 

Valve EBW

308-202-01 Float 

Vent Valves Ball 

Check (4")

$47.00

http://www.benfordfueling

.com/shop/overfill_protect

ion.html

Ball Float 

Valve EBW

308-213-01 Float 

Vent Valve Ball 

Check (3")

$47.00

http://www.benfordfueling

.com/shop/overfill_protect

ion.html

Ball Float 

Valve EBW 308-205-01 - Float 

Vent Valve

$53.00 http://www.petrodirect.co

m/category.asp?cID=130

Ball Float 

Valve EBW 308-207-01 - Float 

Vent Valve $57.00 http://www.petrodirect.com/category.asp?cID=133

Ball Float 

Valve Universal Valve 

Company

2"x6" Float Vent 

Valve 1/16" bleed 

hole

$58.30 http://www.universalvalve.

com/Catalog/cover.htm

Ball Float 

Valve

Universal Valve 

Company

2"x6" Float Vent 

Valve 1/8" bleed hole $58.30 http://www.universalvalve.com/Catalog/cover.htm

Ball Float 

Valve

OPW,

Emco-Wheaton DNA $60 Dunphey Petroleum Services Inc.

Ball Float 

Valve OPW 53VM-0060 - OPW 

2'' Float Vent Valve $62.74 http://www.petrodirect.com/category.asp?cID=135

Ball Float 

Valve Universal Valve 

Company

2"x12" Float Vent 

Valve 1/16" bleed 

hole

$63.75 http://www.universalvalve.

com/Catalog/cover.htm

Ball Float 

Valve Universal Valve 

Company

2"x12" Float Vent 

Valve 1/8" bleed hole $63.75 http://www.universalvalve.com/Catalog/cover.htm

Ball Float 

Valve OPW 53VM-0120 - OPW 

2'' Float Vent Valve $64.66 http://www.petrodirect.com/category.asp?cID=134

Ball Float 

Valve EBW 308-209-01 - Float 

Vent Valve $66.00 http://www.petrodirect.com/category.asp?cID=132

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0078-008 BALL 

FLOAT/CAGE 

2X8.75” 1/16” BH

$67.28 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Ball Float 

Valve EBW 308-211-01 - Float 

Vent Valve $68.00 http://www.petrodirect.com/category.asp?cID=131

Ball Float 

Valve Universal Valve 

Company

2"x16" Float Vent 

Valve 1/16" bleed 

hole

$72.25 http://www.universalvalve.

com/Catalog/cover.htm

Ball Float 

Valve Universal Valve 

Company

2"x16" Float Vent 

Valve 1/8" bleed hole $72.25 http://www.universalvalve.com/Catalog/cover.htm
A-6

Type Manufacturer Model Price Source

Ball Float 

Valve

OPW,

Emco-Wheaton DNA $75 SME Solutions

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0078-015 BALL 

FLOAT/CAGE 

2X15.75” 1/16” BH

$75.29 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0078-308 BALL 

FLOAT/CAGE 3X8” 

1/16” BH

$127.86 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0078-312 BALL 

FLOAT/CAGE 

3X12” 1/16” BH

$136.30 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Ball Float 

Valve OPW DNA $150 Cortland Pump and 

Equipment

Ball Float 

Valve OPW,

Emco-Wheaton DNA $150 Advanced Petroleum Systems

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0078-318 BALL 

FLOAT/CAGE 

3X18” 1/16” BH

$165.51 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Ball Float 

Valve Universal Valve 

Company

3" x 11" Float Vent 

Valve 1/8" bleed hole $178.35 http://www.universalvalve.com/Catalog/cover.htm

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0078-332 BALL 

FLOAT/VENT 

VALVE 3X3X2

$221.00 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Ball Float 

Valve Emco-Wheaton

A0078-332B BALL 

FLOAT/VENT 

VALVE 3X3X2 

BSPT

$221.00 http://www.emcoretail.co

m/pdf/pricelist.pdf

Overfill 

Alarm

Veeder-Root Overfill Alarm

[VEE*790091-001] $414.72

http://www.excelequipment.com/catalog/ov

erfill-alarm-p-1599.html

Overfill 

Alarm

OPW 144TA Liquid Level 

Tank Alarm $434.32

http://www.jmesales.com/i

tem/34402/144TA-LiquidLevel-Tank-Alarm.aspx

Overfill 

Alarm Veeder-Root DNA $700 Cortland Pump and 

Equipment
A-7

Table A2: Contractor Cost Estimates

 

NA = Not Available

5 The contractor does not sell or install ball float valves.

6 The contractor did not provide quotes.

7 The contractor does not install tanks or overfill equipment.

Company State

EPA 

Region

COSTS

Ball Floats Automatic Shutoff Valves Overfill Alarms

Device Installation Device Installation Device Installation

Cortland Pump and 

Equipment Inc. NY 2 $150 Retrofit: $5,000 $600 Retrofit: $500 $700 

New Tank: 

$350/sensor

Service Station Repair, Inc.5 VA 3 NA NA $650 New Tank: $300 $5,000 New Tank: 

$1,000 

Advanced Petroleum Systems FL 4 $150 Retrofit: 

$2,000-$10,000 $600 New Tank: $400 NA6 NA6

Kelly Maintenance 

Company5 MI 5 NA NA $600 New Tank: $150 NA6 New Tank: $1,300 

Dunphey Petroleum Services, 

Inc. TX 6 $60 New tank: $50 NA

6 NA6 NA6 NA6

HEI Consulting7IA 7 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Keystone Service and 

Supply5 CO 8 NA NA $1,400 New Tank: $500-$800

$6,000-

$10,000

New Tank: 

$6,000-

$10,000+

Western Pump6 CA 9 NA NA NA NA NA NA

SME Solutions WA 10 $75

New Tank: $100

Retrofit:

$2,000 - $5,000

$500 New Tank: 

$225 NA6 NA6
A-8

Table A3: Contractor Contacts

Company State EPA 

Region Web site Contact Person Phone Date of Contact

Cortland Pump and 

Equipment Inc. NY 2 http://www.cortlandpump.com/ Chad Barber 607-756-4253 12/2/2008

Service Station Repair, Inc. VA 3

http://www.servicestationrepair.c

om/

Philip Kerns and

Skip Stump 540-868-2400

12/2/2008 

and 

12/4/2008

Advanced Petroleum 

Systems FL 4

http://www.tryapsi.com/index.ht

m

Ron Payne 305-430-8500 12/2/2008

Kelly Maintenance Company MI 5 http://www.kellymaint.com/ Dave Kelly 989-753-8232 12/2/2008

Dunphey Petroleum 

Services, Inc. TX 6

http://www.dunpheyservices.co

m/index.html Wade Rhodes 713-747-6225 12/2/2008

HEI Consulting IA 7

http://www.industrynet.com/web

site.asp?CID=1848245 NA8

319-524-8273 12/2/2008

Keystone Service and 

Supply CO 8 http://www.keystonesas.com/ Dennis Frichtell 303-777-4234 12/2/2008

Western Pump CA 9 http://www.westernpump.com/ Ryan Shadburn 619-239-9988 12/19/2008

SME Solutions WA 10 http://www.smecorp.com/ Josh Hodges 253-572-3822 12/18/2008

 

8 The receptionist stated this contractor does not perform tank or overfill equipment installations.
A-9

Table A4: Additional Questions Asked of Installation Contractors

Company

How many overfill 

devices do you 

typically install each 

year?

How often do you 

install each of these 

three overfill 

protection devices?

Do you use a particular 

manufacturer’s 

equipment?

What distributor do you 

use?

What geographical 

area do you serve?

What is your client 

base? What size client 

do you serve?

Cortland 

Pump and 

Equipment 

Inc. 

30-50 shutoff valves; 

most new tanks 

already have ATGs

100% shutoff valves; 

New tanks also 

receive ball floats

OPW All of NY Mostly convenience 

stores; some boilers

Service 

Station 

Repair, Inc.

50-100 new tanks, all 

of which have shutoff 

valves;

10-20 ATGs with 

alarms

100% have shutoff

valves; 20% also 

have overfill alarms

OPW, 

Veeder-root MD, VA, WV Mostly convenience stores; some boilers

Advanced 

Petroleum 

Systems

10 new ball float 

installed; replace 

200-300 ball floats

~100% ball floats; 

rarely overfill alarms All major brands Southern FL

Gas stations, industrial 

sites and individuals 

(11,000 tanks)

Kelly 

Maintenance 

Company

15-18 shutoff valves

Every new tank has a 

shutoff valve and MI 

requires level 

monitors

OPW, 

Emco-Wheaton, 

Veeder-Root

Central MI Mostly convenience 

stores

Dunphey 

Petroleum 

Services, Inc.

All new tanks have 

ball floats; 50-60 new 

tanks per year

~100% ball floats; 

occasional shutoff

valve or overfill 

alarm

OPW, 

Emco-Wheaton, 

Universal, 

Veeder-Root

Greater Houston, TX Commercial sites

Keystone 

Service and 

Supply

50-100 shutoff valves ~100% shutoff valves

Franklin Fuel,

OPW,

Emco-Wheaton

CO

Mostly commercial, 

some convenience 

stores
A-10

Company

How many overfill 

devices do you 

typically install each 

year?

How often do you 

install each of these 

three overfill 

protection devices?

Do you use a particular 

manufacturer’s 

equipment?

What distributor do you 

use?

What geographical 

area do you serve?

What is your client 

base? What size client 

do you serve?

Western Pump Did not estimate

To meet CA 

regulations, 100% of 

tanks are installed 

with ball float valves, 

shutoff valves, and 

overfill alarms

Veeder-Root, 

Incon AZ, CA, NV Anywhere with a petroleum storage tank

SME 

Solutions

Mostly perform 

repairs. Not 

estimated. 

Retrofits: 

95% shutoff valves, 

5% ball floats;

New tanks: 

75% shutoff valves, 

25% ball floats

Mainly OPW, some 

Emco-Wheaton OR and WA Major oil retail companies
B-1

Appendix B: Industry Standards for Allowed Use and Restrictions on Use

The text in this Appendix was copied verbatim from the sources listed below. 

Attempts were made, where applicable, to copy format as well as text.

The symbol [...] indicates where sections are omitted. 

Sections were omitted if they contained no relevant information for this report.

Page numbers for the original document are at the end of the section header or at the 

beginning of a text section. Page numbers are the same for the text that follows up until 

the next page number listing. 
B-2

PEI/RP100-05. 2005. “Recommended Practices for Installation of Underground 

Liquid Storage Systems.” Petroleum Equipment Institute: Tulsa, OK.

1. INTRODUCTION [Page 1]

1.3 Scope. These recommended practices apply to underground, atmospheric, shop-fabricated 

tanks, associated piping, and equipment intended to dispense gasoline, diesel, and related 

petroleum products into motor vehicles at retail, commercial, and government vehicle-fueling 

facilities. This document does not address practices associated with the installation of storage 

systems for liquefied petroleum gases, liquefied natural gases, or compressed natural gases. 

The practices recommended in this publication are limited to installation procedures. 

[...]

7. SPILL CONTAINMENT AND OVERFILL PROTECTION [Page 14]

7.3 Overfill prevention. Three types of overfill-prevention devices are commonly used: alarms, 

flow shut-off devices, and vent-restriction devices. Overfill-prevention devices should operate 

when the tank is nearly full. Consult the authority having jurisdiction to determine the level at 

which the overfill device should operate. 

Consult with the storage system owner to determine the delivery procedures that will be used to 

fill the tank. Select and install an overfill device that will be compatible with the anticipated 

delivery procedures. 

7.3.1 Alarms. 

Alarms consist of an external signaling device that is typically connected to an automatic 

tank-gauging system. To be effective, the alarm should:

 provide visual and audible signals to the delivery person

 be located in close proximity to where the delivery person stands during the 

delivery

 be clearly labeled as a “tank overfill alarm” so that delivery personnel will 

recognize the device as an overfill alarm

7.3.2 Flow shut-off Devices.

Flow shut-off devices, often called “flapper valves,” are installed in the fill pipe of 

underground tanks and automatically stop the flow of product into the tank during a 

[Page 15]

delivery. After the main valve closes, various bypass mechanisms allow the contents of 

the delivery hose to be drained into the tank. In order to operate properly, shut-off 

devices should be installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions, particularly with 

regard to attaching the shut-off device to the drop tube and attaching the drop tube to the 

fill pipe. 

Shut-off devices that are designed for use with underground tanks should only be used 

with gravity deliveries and where there are liquid-tight connections between the delivery 

hose and the fill pipe. 
B-3

In a remote-fill installation, the gauge riser above the flow shut-off device must be 

properly sealed or else product will pour from the gauge opening when the shut-off 

device closes. 

WARNING: Do not install flow shut-off devices on tanks equipped with remote-fill 

pipes and a gauge riser directly above the flow shut-off device unless a specially 

designed fitting (e.g., a “trap door”) that will automatically close the gauge opening 

is installed in the gauge riser. If a trap door or equivalent device is not installed in 

the gauge riser, a properly tightened, threaded pipe cap must be installed in the 

riser above the flow shut-off device and a separate gauge riser installed to permit 

manual gauging of the tank. 

7.3.3 Vent-restriction Devices.

Vent-restriction devices, often referred to as “float-vent valves” or “ball-float valves,” are 

installed inside the underground tank just below the vent opening. If, after considering 

all of the warnings listed below, a ball-float valve is installed, it must be installed in an 

extractable fitting to allow access for inspection, maintenance, and tightness testing. 

When a ball float valve operates as designed, the tank becomes pressurized, creating a 

hazardous condition. The pressure is most often relieved by releasing flammable vapors 

at grade. For this reason, ball-float valves are not recommended. 

WARNING: Vent-restriction devices must not be installed in storage systems where 

there is any possibility of a pumped delivery into the tank. When an overfill occurs 

in conjunction with a pumped delivery and a tight-fill connection, the tank becomes 

severely over-pressurized and may rupture as a result.

WARNING: Vent-restriction devices must not be installed in storage systems that 

are equipped with suction pumps and air eliminators. 

WARNING: Vent-restriction devices will not work when coaxial Stage I vapor 

recovery is used unless special fittings are installed. 

WARNING: Vent-restriction devices must not be used on tanks equipped with 

remote-fill pipes and gauge openings. If the vent-restriction device closes during a 

delivery when the gauge opening is uncapped, product will pour from the gauge 

opening onto the ground. 

WARNING: When installing flow shut-off devices, do not install a ball-float valve 

unless the ball-float activates at a level higher in the tank than the flow shut-off 

device. 

WARNING: Vent-restriction devices should not be installed on emergencygenerator or heating-oil supply tanks. 

7.4 Installation of Overfill Devices.

Install overfill devices according to the manufacturer’s instructions. When installing an overfillprevention device, refer to the gauging chart provided by the tank manufacturer to determine the 

correct distance below the tank top for that device. Regulations specify that overfill devices may 

be installed at a percentage of tank capacity, not a percentage of tank diameter. When applicable, 

the thickness of double-walled tanks and the height of manway covers above the tank primary 
B-4

wall must be taken in consideration when determining the appropriate distance below the tank top 

to install an overfill device. 

[...]

10. PIPING AND FITTINGS [Page20]

[...]

10.13 Fill Piping. [Page 24]

Typically, 4-inch diameter steel piping is used for fill-pipe risers. Do not use nonmetallic piping 

for fill risers. If the fill riser or remote fill is isolated from ground, provide a grounding path for 

static electrical charges produced when fuel is delivered into the tank. Install a tight-fill adapter 

on all fill pipes. 

Install the fill pipe so that the top of the fill cap will be between 4 and 6 inches below the 

manhole lid to allow the secure attachment of delivery adapters and clearance between the fillpipe cap and the manhole cover. 

When installed, standard drop tubes should allow for at least 4 to 6 inches clearance from the tank 

bottom. If a flow diffuser is to be installed at the bottom of the drop tube, follow the 

manufacturer’s installation instructions. 

Remote fills should be used only when necessary. Remote-fill piping should slope uniformly to 

the tank. Use caution when selecting overfill protection devices for use with remote fills. Refer to 

Sections 7.3.2 and 7.3.3 and manufacturer’s instructions. 

[...]

13. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION [Page 30]

13.1 Importance of Electrical Work. Performing electrical work associated with underground 

tank installations is critical to the prevention of environmental problems for the following 

reasons. 

 The defective installation of tank monitoring or leak-detection system wiring may allow a 

release to remain undetected. 

 Conduit or other electrical apparatus placed against a surface that is protected against 

corrosion may cause damage to the coating or cathodic protection.

 Electrical-equipment installers may damage the tank or piping while excavating, driving 

stakes, or otherwise performing their work.

 Galvanic cathodic protection of metallic tanks or piping is impaired by grounding.

 Failure to make the entry point of electrical conduit into tank-top and dispenser sumps 

liquid tight can result in the release of product into the environment or the infiltration of 

water into the sump, causing leak-detection systems to false alarm. 

13.2 General Requirements.

Ensure that all electrical equipment is installed in accordance with applicable national, state, and 

local codes, including:

 National Electrical Code, NFPA 70, National Fire Protection Association
B-5

 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, NFPA 30, National Fire Protection 

Association

 Automotive and Marine Service Station Code, NFPA 30A, National Fire Protection 

Association

 Uniform Fire Code, Uniform Fire Code Association

 International Fire Code, International Code Council

Refer to Appendix C for more information concerning these documents. 

Equipment manufacturers may have electrical requirements that are more stringent than 

applicable electrical codes. Refer to the manufacturer’s electrical requirements before beginning 

electrical instillation. 

Separate electrical conduit and piping by at least 6 inches to avoid interference or damage cause 

by abrasion. Whenever possible, route electrical conduit away from piping. 

WARNING: Before working on any electrical circuit, be sure that the circuit is deenergized. 

Following Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) lockout/tagout 

procedures as stated in 29 CFR 1910.147 to prevent accidental energizing of the circuit. 

13.3 Leak-Detection and Cathodic-Protection Systems. Disconnecting power to an impressedcurrent cathodic-protection system, or to an electronic leak-detection device, nullifies their 

effectiveness. Therefore, power provided to leak-detection and impressed-current cathodicprotection systems should not be normally be controlled by conventional switches. Nor should 

switches require for servicing these systems be readily available to unauthorized personnel. 

Power to the annunciator panels, alarms, controls, and other devices should also be protected 

from unauthorized disconnection. 

14. TESTING [Page 31]

14.1 System Tests. Tank and piping tightness should be proven at various stages during the 

installation process. Recommended procedures for testing during installation are summarized in 

Tables 14-1 and 14-2. Also, establish that tanks, piping, secondary containment systems, leakdetection systems, overfill-protection systems, [...] and line-leak detectors are operating 

satisfactorily before the system is placed in operation. Recommended procedures for system 

start-up testing are summarized in Table 14-3. 

[...]
B-6

Testing Before Placing the System in Service

Component Test Procedure

[...] [...]

Overfill protection devices Verify that device is set up at 

the proper height and ensure proper operation

[...] [...]

TABLE 14-3. Test procedures that may be applied to storage-system components prior to 

placing the storage system in service. 

[...]

15. DOCUMENTATION AND TESTING [PAGE 32]

15.1 “As-Built” Drawings. Provide the owner with installation drawings (as-builts) or 

photographs showing the location of underground piping, conduit, monitoring, equipment, and 

other significant system components. The owner should maintain these documents on file for as 

long as the storage system is in service. 
B-7

API Recommended Practice 1615. 1996. “Installation of Underground Petroleum 

Storage Systems.” American Petroleum Institute and Strategies for Today’s 

Environmental Partnership (STEP): Washington, D.C. Fifth edition. 

SECTION 1 – INTRODUCTION [PAGE 1]

[...]

1.2 Purpose and Scope

[...]

1.2.4 The primary application of this recommended practice is in connection with the 

underground storage of bulk petroleum products or used oil at retail and commercial facilities. It 

is not intended to cover specialized installations, such as fuel storage systems at marinas or 

airports, heating oil storage systems (residential or bulk), or systems installed inside buildings. 

This recommended practice does not apply to the installation of in ground of aboveground bulk 

storage.

[...]

1.3 Defintions [PAGE 1]

[...]

[PAGE 3]

1.3.42 storage: The holding of a petroleum product in a container for later use. The term does 

not include collection of (a) overflows, drips, or spills in auxiliary containers (for example, 

sumps, catch basins, and drip-collection devices) or (b) hydraulic fluids or similar substances 

within machines (for example, hydraulic lifts and elevators). 

[...]

[PAGE 4]

1.3.47 underground product pipes: Buried product lines connected to an underground storage 

tank. As used in this publication, underground product pipes do not include vent pipes, fill pipes, 

or vapor recovery pipes. 

[...]

SECTION 6 – EQUIPMENT PLACEMENT, ANCHORAGE, SECONDARY 

CONTAINMENT, AND BALLASTING [PAGE 13]

[...]

[PAGE 15]

6.3.2 Secondary containment can be provided by the following means:

a. Impervious liners in the tank excavation area.

b. Impervious liners under lines (which should be drained to a sump in the tank excavation).

c. Containment under dispenser (see Figure 6).

d. Containment around submerged pumps (see Figure 6). 

e. Containment around fill manholes (see Figure 14, Section 9). 

[...]

SECTION 7 – CORROSION PROTECTION [PAGE20]

7.1 General

7.1.1 In general the Environmental Protection Agency’s underground storage tank regulations 

contain the following requirements for each new tank and its piping:

a. Underground storage tank system components that routinely carry product must be cathodically 

protected or constructed of noncorrosive material (for example, fiberglass or steel fiberglassreinforced-plastic composite). 

b. Cathodic protection systems must be designed, operated, and maintained in accordance with 

sound engineering practices and guidelines established by the authority having jurisdiction (see 

7.6.2 and 7.6.3). 
B-8

c. The EPA allows for alternate methods on condition that the system is as protective of the 

environment as other listed systems. One such system recently approved by the EPA and several 

state agencies is a tank system that isolates any unprotected corrosive metallic components from 

contact with the soil and/or groundwater. 

Note: Prior approval by the authority having jurisdiction is required.

Corrosion protection is required for all parts of an USTS that are made of metal, that are in 

contact with the ground, and that routinely carry product, unless a corrosion expert certifies that it 

is not necessary. Field-installed cathodic protection systems must be designed by a corrosion 

expert. Inspection and recordkeeping requirement must be met (Refer to NACE RP 0285-95). 

[...]

7.4 Insulation of Exposed Surfaces [PAGE 22]

7.4.1 After all piping has been tested and found to be tight (see 10.2), all exposed threads of steel 

pipe should be coated with an appropriate dielectric material (see 7.3.5). This reduces the 

prospect of corrosion at threaded areas and premature pipe failure. Where a sacrificial-anode 

system has been installed, nonmetallic (for example, nylon) tank bushings may be installed in 

tank openings at all connection points to the tank (including pipe, gauge, and release detection 

equipment) to isolate said piping from separately protected tanks (see 7.3.4). 

[...]

SECTION 9 – PIPING [PAGE 29]

[...]

9.2.5 The vent piping for tall tanks should be adequately sized. This is necessary to prevent 

excessive pressure build up while the tank is being filled and to prevent vapor or liquid blowing 

back at the fill opening when the unloading 

[PAGE 30]

hose is disconnected. The maximum fill rate can be limited by the diameter of the vent line. 

Vents that are 2 inches in diameter (for up to 150 feet in length) should be adequate for flow rates 

incurred using 4-inch delivery equipment (see NFPA 30). 

9.7 Overfill Protection and Containment of Fill-Pipe Spills

9.7.1 Spills, drips, and overfills that occur during transfer operations from a delivery truck to the 

underground tank must be prevented or contained. 

9.7.2 To contain small spills around the tank fills, spill-containment manholes must be installed 

(see Figure 14). Containment manholes can be purchases with a drain that routes any spilled 

product back into the underground tank. Other methods of fluid removal are also available but 

are not as practical (for example, use of a hand pump, siphon, and/or bailing). The required size 

of containment manholes varies according to state and local regulations. 

9.7.3 To prevent overfills, equipment must be installed that will severely restrict or shut off the 

flow of product automatically or alert the operator in timely a fashion when an overflow is 

imminent. 

9.7.4 Before transfer, the tank must be checked to ensure that sufficient volume is available. 

During transfer, the operation must be monitored continuously. 

[...]

FIGURE 13 [PAGE 35] and [PAGE 36]:

FIGURE 14 [PAGE 37]

FIGURE 16 [PAGE 41]:

[...]
B-9

“NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code.” 2008. National Fire 

Protection Association: Quincy, Massachusetts.

Chapter 1 – Administrative [PAGE 30-13]

1.1 Scope. 

1.1.1 This code shall apply to the storage, handling, and use of flammable and combustible 

liquids, including waste liquids, as herein defined and classified. 

[...]

Chapter 7 – Electrical Systems [PAGE 30-22]

7.1 Scope. This chapter shall apply to areas where Class I liquids are stored and handled and to 

areas where Class II or Class III liquids are stored and handled at or above their flash points. 

[...]

7.3 General Requirements. [PAGE 30-23]

7.3.1 Electrical utilization equipment and wiring shall not constitute a source of ignition for any 

ignitable vapor that might be present under normal operation or because of a spill.

[...]

Table 7.3.3 Electrical Area Classifications [PAGE 30-23]

NEC Class I

Location Division Zone Extent of Classified Area

[...] [...] [...] [...]

Underground tank 

fill opening

1 1 Any pit, box, or space below grade level, if 

any part is within a Division 1 or 2 or Zone 1 

or 2 classified location. 

2 2 Up to 18 in. above grade level within a 

horizontal radius of 10 ft from a loose fill 

connection and within a horizontal radius of 

5 ft from a tight fill connection. 

[...]

Chapter 21 – Storage of Liquids in Tanks – Requirements for All Storage Tanks [PAGE 30-

65]

21.1 Scope. This chapter shall apply to the following:

(1) The storage of flammable and combustible liquids, as defined in 3.3.30 and Chapter 4, in 

fixed tanks that exceed 60 gal (230 L) capacity. 

(2) The storage of flammable and combustible liquids if portable tanks and bulk containers whose 

capacity exceeds 793 gal (3000L).

(3) The design, installation, testing, operation, and maintenance of such tanks, portable tanks, and 

bulk containers. 

[...]

21.4.3 Normal Venting for Storage Tanks [PAGE 30-66]

[...]

21.4.3.3 Low-pressure tanks and pressure vessels shall be vented to prevent the development of 

pressure or vacuum that exceeds the design pressure of the tank or vessel when filing or emptying 

the tank or vessel or because of atmospheric temperature changes. Means shall also be provided 

to prevent overpressure from any pump discharging into the tank or vessel when the pump 

discharge pressure can exceed the design pressure of the tank or vessel. 
B-10

21.4.3.4 If any tank or pressure vessel has more than one fill or withdrawal connection and 

simultaneous filling or withdrawal can be made, the vent size shall be based on the maximum 

anticipated simultaneous flow. 

[...]

21.7 Operation of Storage Tanks. [PAGE 30-68]

21.7.1 Prevention of Overfilling of Storage Tanks. Facilities with aboveground tanks larger 

than 1320 gal (5000 L) storing Class I or Class II liquids shall establish procedures or shall 

provide equipment, or both, to prevent overfilling of tanks. 

21.7.1.1 Facilities with aboveground tanks that receive and transfer Class I liquids from mainline 

pipelines or marine vessels shall establish and follow formal written procedures to prevent 

overfilling of tanks utilizing one of the following methods of protection:

(1) Tanks shall be gauged at intervals in accordance with established procedures by personnel 

continuously on the premises during product receipt. Acknowledged communication shall be 

maintained with the supplies so flow can be shut down or diverted in accordance with established 

procedures. 

(2) Tanks shall be equipped with a high-level detection device that is either independent of any 

gauging equipment or incorporates a gauging ad alarm system that provides electronic selfchecking to indicate when the gauging and alarm system has failed. Alarms shall be located 

where personnel who are on duty throughout product transfer can arrange for flow stoppage or 

diversion in accordance with established procedures. 

(3) Tanks shall be equipped with an independent high-level detection system that will 

automatically shut down or divert flow in accordance with established procedures. 

21.7.1.2 Alternatives to instrumentation described in 21.7.1.1(2) and 21.7.1.1(3) shall be allowed 

where approved as affording equivalent protection. 

21.7.1.3 Instrumentation systems covered in 21.7.1.1(2) and 21.7.1.1(3) shall be wired fail-safe, 

such that valid alarm conditions or system failures create an alarm condition that will notify 

personnel or automatically shut down or divert flow. 

21.7.1.3.1 Written instrumentation performance procedures shall be established to define valid 

alarm conditions and system failures in accordance with API 2350, Overfill Protection for 

Storage Tanks in Petroleum Facilities.

21.7.1.3.2 System failure shall include but not be limited to the following:

(1) Loss of main electrical power

(2) Electrical break, short circuit, or ground fault in the level detection system circuit or the alarm 

and signal circuit

(3) Failure or malfunction of the level detection system control equipment or signaling devices

21.7.1.4 Formal written procedures required by 21.7.1.1 shall include the following:

(1) Instructions covering methods to check for lineup and receipt of initial delivery to tank 

designated to receive shipment. 

(2) Provision for training and monitoring the performance of operating personnel by supervisors. 

(3) Schedules and procedures for inspection and testing or gauging equipment and high-level 

instrumentation and related systems. Inspection and testing intervals shall be approved but shall 

not exceed 1 year.

21.7.1.5 An underground storage tank shall be equipped with overfill prevention equipment that 

will operate as follows:

(1) Automatically shut off the flow of liquid into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 

percent full

(2) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by restricting the 

flow of liquid into the tank or triggering the high-level alarm

(3) Other approved methods

[...]
B-11

23.6 Normal Venting for Underground Storage Tanks. [PAGE 30-81]

23.6.1 Tank venting systems shall be provided with sufficient capacity to prevent blowback of 

vapor or liquid at the fill opening while the tank is being filled. 

[...]

A.21.7.1 [PAGE 30-105]

Further guidance is given in API 2350, Overfill Protection for Storage Tanks in Petroleum 

Facilities
C-1

Appendix C: Images from Industry Standards

Please see attached PDF file.
D-1

Appendix D: Regulatory and Policy Information on State Requirements

Table D1: Summarized State Regulations

Note: 

The value “Y” indicates that the state incorporated by reference, incorporated the exact wording, or incorporated the 

entire scope but altered the wording of the subsection of federal regulations. 

The value “N” indicates that the state did not incorporate any of federal regulations. 

The value “NI” means “No Information,” indicating that the administrative code had no information regarding UST 

regulations. 

State / Territory EPA 

Region

Effective 

Date of 

Regulation

Federal UST Regulations - Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)

Title 40 - Protection of the Environment

Chapter I - Environment Protection Agency; Subchapter I -

Solid Wastes

Parts 280.10 - 280.230 - Technical Standards and Corrective 

Action Requirements for Owners and Operators of 

Underground Storage Tanks (UST)

Subpart B - §280.20 - UST Systems: 

Design, Construction, Installation and 

Notification

Subpart C - §280.30 -

General Operating 

Requirements - Spill 

and Overfill Control

( c ) Spill and Overfill Prevention 

Equipment

(a) (b) (1) (2)

(i) (ii) (i) (ii) (A) (B) (C)

CT Connecticut 1 July 1994 Y Y Y N Y Y N N

ME Maine 1 April 2007 Y Y Y Y N N Y Y

MA Massachusetts 1

No Date 

Given Y Y Y Y N N N N

NH New Hampshire 1 April 1997 Y Y Y Y N N N N

RI Rhode Island 1

August 

2007 Y Y Y Y N Y N N

VT Vermont 1

August 

2007 Y Y Y N N N N N

NJ New Jersey 2

August 

2007 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

NY New York 2

February 

1992 N N N N N N Y N

PR Puerto Rico 2

No Date 

Given NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI

VI Virgin Islands 2

No Date 

Given NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI

DC

District of 

Columbia 3

October 

1999 N N N N N N Y N

DE Delaware 3 April 2008 Y Y Y Y Y N Y N

MD Maryland 3

No Date 

Given Y Y Y Y Y Y N N

PA Pennsylvania 3

November 

2007 Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y
D-2

State / Territory EPA 

Region

Effective 

Date of 

Regulation

Federal UST Regulations - Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)

Title 40 - Protection of the Environment

Chapter I - Environment Protection Agency; Subchapter I -

Solid Wastes

Parts 280.10 - 280.230 - Technical Standards and Corrective 

Action Requirements for Owners and Operators of 

Underground Storage Tanks (UST)

Subpart B - §280.20 - UST Systems: 

Design, Construction, Installation and 

Notification

Subpart C - §280.30 -

General Operating 

Requirements - Spill 

and Overfill Control

( c ) Spill and Overfill Prevention 

Equipment

(a) (b) (1) (2)

(i) (ii) (i) (ii) (A) (B) (C)

VA Virginia 3 March 2004 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

WV West Virginia 3

No Date 

Given N N N N N N N N

AL Alabama 4 April 2008 Y Y Y N Y Y Y N

FL Florida 4 June 2004 N Y Y N N N N N

GA Georgia 4 May 2008 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

KY Kentucky 4 July 1998 N N N N N N Y Y

MS Mississippi 4

October 

2008 Y Y Y Y N N Y Y

NC North Carolina 4

January 

1991 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

SC South Carolina 4 May 2008 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

TN Tennessee 4

September 

2008 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N

IL Illinois 5

September 

2008 Y Y Y N Y Y N N

IN Indiana 5 April 2005 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

MI Michigan 5

January 

1999 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

MN Minnesota 5 April 2008 Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y

OH Ohio 5 July 2001 Y Y Y Y N N Y N

WI Wisconsin 5

February 

2008 Y N N Y N N Y N

AR Arkansas 6

October 

1997 N N N N N N N N

LA Louisiana 6

December 

2006 Y Y Y Y Y Y N N

NM New Mexico 6 April 2008 Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y

OK Oklahoma 6 July 2008 Y Y N N N Y Y Y

TX Texas 6

November 

2000 Y Y Y N Y Y Y N
D-3

State / Territory EPA 

Region

Effective 

Date of 

Regulation

Federal UST Regulations - Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)

Title 40 - Protection of the Environment

Chapter I - Environment Protection Agency; Subchapter I -

Solid Wastes

Parts 280.10 - 280.230 - Technical Standards and Corrective 

Action Requirements for Owners and Operators of 

Underground Storage Tanks (UST)

Subpart B - §280.20 - UST Systems: 

Design, Construction, Installation and 

Notification

Subpart C - §280.30 -

General Operating 

Requirements - Spill 

and Overfill Control

( c ) Spill and Overfill Prevention 

Equipment

(a) (b) (1) (2)

(i) (ii) (i) (ii) (A) (B) (C)

IA Iowa 7

November 

2008 Y Y Y Y Y Y N N

KS Kansas 7

November 

1990 Y Y Y N Y Y N N

MO Missouri 7

February 

2000 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

NE Nebraska 7

September 

2007 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

CO Colorado 8

August 

2008 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

MT Montana 8

September 

2007 Y Y Y N N N Y Y

ND North Dakota 8 April 2002 Y Y Y Y Y Y N N

SD South Dakota 8 July 1996 Y Y Y N N Y Y N

UT Utah 8

August 

2008 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

WY Wyoming 8

September 

2008 Y Y Y N N Y Y N

AS American Samoa 9

No Date 

Given NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI

AZ Arizona 9 July 1996 Y Y Y Y Y Y N N

CA California 9

October 

2008 N Y Y Y Y Y N N

GU Guam 9 1994 NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI

HI Hawaii 9

January 

2001 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

NV Nevada 9

No Date 

Given Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

MP

Northern Mariana 

Islands 9 2004 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

AK Alaska 10

October 

2006 Y Y Y N Y Y Y N

ID Idaho 10 April 2008 N N N N N N N N
D-4

State / Territory EPA 

Region

Effective 

Date of 

Regulation

Federal UST Regulations - Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)

Title 40 - Protection of the Environment

Chapter I - Environment Protection Agency; Subchapter I -

Solid Wastes

Parts 280.10 - 280.230 - Technical Standards and Corrective 

Action Requirements for Owners and Operators of 

Underground Storage Tanks (UST)

Subpart B - §280.20 - UST Systems: 

Design, Construction, Installation and 

Notification

Subpart C - §280.30 -

General Operating 

Requirements - Spill 

and Overfill Control

( c ) Spill and Overfill Prevention 

Equipment

(a) (b) (1) (2)

(i) (ii) (i) (ii) (A) (B) (C)

OR Oregon 10

October 

2008 Y Y Y N N Y N N

WA Washington 10 July 1998 Y Y Y Y Y Y N N
D-5

Table D2: Additional State Regulations

State / Territory EPA 

Region

Effective 

Date of 

Regulation

Additional Regulation Details

CT Connecticut 1 July 1994 No additional regulations found.

ME Maine 1 April 2007

691.5.B.3:

(a) A liquid tight spill catchment basin of a minimum 

capacity of 15 gallons for each tank fill, which is sealed 

around the fill pipe and will collect any spillage during 

product delivery. When only the overfill bucket is 

retrofitted or replaced, the largest capacity catchment 

basin feasible from 5 to 15 gallons must be installed.

(b) Vent float valves that restrict flow may not be used on 

a suction system or where pump-off unloading is used.

MA Massachusetts 1

No Date 

Given No additional regulations found.

NH New

Hampshire 1 April 1997

Env-Wm 140.11.25

(c): (2) [Spill catchment basins should] [b]e installed to 

prevent product from entering the backfill surrounding the 

spill containment equipment; and (3) Be installed in 

accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements and be 

maintained in good working order to perform their original 

design function.

(d) Spill containment equipment shall be maintained free 

of liquid and debris.

(e) Spill containment equipment installed with drain 

valves on underground storage tank systems that store 

gasoline shall have the valve replaced annually or 

permanently sealed.

(f) All spill containment equipment shall be maintained to 

be liquid tight and be tested for tightness at installation 

using the manufacturer’s requirements or nationally 

recognized industry codes of practice. The person 

performing the test shall certify and submit the passing test 

results to the owner within 30 days of the test.

(g) A primary overfill protection device shall be installed 

to restrict or stop the flow of a regulated substance during 

a delivery before the tank reaches full capacity so that

none of the fittings located on the top of the tank are 

exposed to the regulated substance due to overfilling.

(i) All new and replacement overfill protection devices 

shall be installed to allow access for inspection of proper 

operation.

(j) All new underground storage tank systems utilizing 

suction piping and an air eliminator shall be equipped with 

a high level visual and audible alarm or with a device that 

shall automatically and completely shut off flow into the 

tank, as specified in (h) above. Within one year of the 

2005 effective date of these rules, existing underground 

storage tank systems shall comply with this rule.

(k) All new high level alarms shall have both visual and 

audible alarms and shall be clearly labeled as a tank 

overfill alarm. The alarm shall be clearly visible and 
D-6

State / Territory EPA 

Region

Effective 

Date of 

Regulation

Additional Regulation Details

audible to the transfer operator.

(l) When product is pumped to a new underground storage 

tank system, the system shall only be equipped with a high 

level visual and audible overfill alarm. Within one year of 

the 2005 effective date of these rules, existing 

underground storage tank systems shall comply with this 

rule.

RI Rhode Island 1

August 

2007

§245.431 9.13 (C):

(5) Use of a flow restriction ball float vent valve is 

restricted to submerged pumping systems (not suction 

pump systems) and gravity deliveries (not pump off 

unloading).

Ball float vent valves must be installed so as to allow

annual inspection for proper operation. Check with the 

tank manufacturer to see if a ball float vent valve is 

prohibited.

(6) USTs used to store fuel oils consumed on-site solely 

for heating purposes, and emergency generator USTs, are 

allowed to be equipped with an in-line vent whistle as a 

method of overfill prevention.

Vent whistles may be used only when tight fill, pump-off 

deliveries are made.

The vent opening must be located adjacent to the fill 

(within 8 feet, or if not practical then as close as possible 

to be readily heard by the deliverer).

The vent whistle must be installed so as to alarm (stop 

whistling) when the tank is 90% full.

Vent whistles also must be installed so as to allow annual 

inspection for proper operation.

VT Vermont 1

August 

2007 No additional regulations found.

NJ New Jersey 2

August 

2007 No additional regulations found.

NY New York 2

February 

1992

(c) Requirements for valves, gauges and secondary 

containment systems. Within five (5) years of the effective 

date of these regulations, the owner must install the 

following.(1) Shutoff valves for remote pumping units at 

motor fuel dispensers. All dispensers of motor fuel under 

pressure from a remote pumping system must be equipped 

with a shear valve (impact valve) which is located in the 

supply line at the inlet of the dispenser. This valve must be 

designed to close automatically in the event that the 

dispenser is accidentally dislodged from the inlet pipe. A 

valve meeting the standards set forth in NFPA No. 30A, 

section 4-3.6 (see subdivision 613.1(g)) meets the 

requirements of this subdivision.(2) Shutoff valves for 

gravity-fed motor fuel dispensers. All tanks which cause a 

gravity head on a dispenser of motor fuels must be 

equipped with a device such a a solenoid valve which is 

positioned adjacent to and downstream from the operating 

valve required in paragraph 613.3(c)(5). The valve must 

be installed and adjusted so that liquid cannot flow by 
D-7

State / Territory EPA 

Region

Effective 

Date of 

Regulation

Additional Regulation Details

gravity from the tank in case of piping or dispenser hose 

failure. A valve meeting the standards set forth in NFPA 

30A, section 2-1.7 (see subdivion 613.1(g)) meets the 

requirements of this subdivision.

PR Puerto Rico 2

No Date 

Given No additional regulations found.

VI Virgin Islands 2

No Date 

Given No additional regulations found.

DC District of 

Columbia 3

October 

1999

5900.4: Where product is transferred by means of 

pressurized delivery, delivery nozzles shall be held open 

manually.

5900.5: Where product is transferred by means of 

pressurized delivery a vent alarm device shall be installed 

within one (1) year of November 12, 1993; provided, that 

the tank is accessible and that said alarm can be installed 

without the need for excavation.

5900.6: If the vent alarm indicates an obstruction to the 

vent, delivery shall be discontinued until the vent has been 

cleared.

DE Delaware 3 April 2008

1.22.3.4.:Be an automatic partial flow shut-off float vent 

or vapor valve installed inside the UST(s) set to restrict 

flow when the UST is no more than ninety (90%) full. 

Vent or vapor restriction devices shall not be installed in 

UST Systems that are equipped with suction pumps, 

remote fill lines, remote vapor lines or receive pressurized 

deliveries.

1.22.4.:UST Systems that receive pressurized deliveries 

require a high level alarm that is triggered at no more than 

ninety (90%) percent full for overfill protection or an 

automatic flow shut-off valve designed for pressurized 

deliveries.

MD Maryland 3

No Date 

Given

26.10.03(2)(c): Alert the operator with an alarm 1 minute 

before overfilling;

PA Pennsylvania 3

November 

2007

§245.421.:

(3) (ii) Bypassing overfill protection is prohibited for 

example, bypassing the flow vent valve with coax vapor 

recovery or a spill bucket drain valve is prohibited.

(iii) Ball float valves may not be used on suction pump 

systems having an air eliminator, or on any system having 

coaxial stage-1 vapor recovery systems or receiving 

pressurized pump deliveries.

(4) Installation (iii) When ball float valves are used, the 

valve shall be installed with extractor fitting and ball floats 

must be readily accessible (not requiring excavation) for 

removal and operational verification.

VA Virginia 3

March 

2004 No additional regulations found.

WV West Virginia 3

No Date 

Given No additional regulations found.
D-8

State / Territory EPA 

Region

Effective 

Date of 

Regulation

Additional Regulation Details

AL Alabama 4 April 2008

335-6-15-.09 Operation and Maintenance of Spill and 

Overfill Control, and Containment Systems. 

Section (b): "If a spill catchment basin is used, ensure that 

it is cleaned out before the transfer of regulated substance 

to the tank so that all the catchment basin volume is 

available to contain a spill." 

Section (c): "Spill catchment basins shall be checked for 

leakage annually by cleaning the basin and adding enough 

liquid to completely fill the basin. If the liquid level in the 

basin drops by one quarter inch or more after at least one 

hour, the spill catchment basin must be repaired, or 

replaced. A log of the results of annual tests shall be 

maintained in accordance with rule 335-6-15-.13.

FL Florida 4 June 2004

(5) Overfill protection. 

(b) USTs shall be equipped with a system that either: 

3. Alerts the transfer operator when the tank is no more 

than 90% full by triggering a high level alarm; 

4. Alerts the transfer operator with a high level alarm set at 

400 gallons below tank top, but no less than one minute 

before overfilling; or

5. Automatically shuts off flow into the tank so that none 

of the fittings located on top of the tank are exposed to 

product due to overfilling.

GA Georgia 4 May 2008 No additional regulations found.

KY Kentucky 4 July 1998 No additional regulations found.

MS Mississippi 4

October 

2008

280.20(c)(3) Be compatible with the substances stored and 

external soil/fluids.

NC North Carolina 4

January 

1991

SECTION .0900 - PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR 

UST SYSTEM OR UST SYSTEM COMPONENT 

INSTALLATION OR REPLACEMENT COMPLETED 

ON OR AFTER NOVEMBER 1, 2007 15A NCAC 02N 

.0901 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:

In addition, overfill prevention equipment shall be 

checked annually for operability, proper operating 

condition and proper calibration in accordance with the 

manufacturer's written guidelines. The results of the last 

annual check must be recorded, maintained at the UST site 

or the tank owner or operator's place of business, and 

made available for inspection.

SC South Carolina 4 May 2008 No additional regulations found.
D-9

State / Territory EPA 

Region

Effective 

Date of 

Regulation

Additional Regulation Details

TN Tennessee 4

September 

2008

1200-1-15-.02

UST SYSTEMS: INSTALLATION AND OPERATION 

(3)(b)(2): "Owners and/or operators shall keep spill 

catchment basins free of water, dirt, debris, and/or other 

substances that could interfere with the ability of the 

catchment basin to prevent spills. 

(3)(b)(3): "Spill catchment basins shall be visually 

inspected by the owner and/or operator at least once per 

month to assure the integrity of the storage space provided 

for the spill containment. A log of these inspection 

showing at a minimum the last twelve (12) months shall 

be maintained by the owner and/or operator.

IL Illinois 5

September 

2008

OSFM 41 ILLINOIS ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 170 

170.420 (C)(1) (C): Float vent valves for overfill 

prevention shall not be allowed on any type suction 

system.

170.427 (b) (b): For defective or improperly operating 

equipment, such as, but not limited to, spill, overfill and 

cathodic protection, repairs shall commence, or the 

equipment shall be replaced, within 48 hours from the 

time of discovery. Failure to act within this time frame 

will require the tank system to be taken out of service until 

repairs are completed.

IN Indiana 5 April 2005

(3)(A)(i)(AA): Minimum five (5) gallon spill catchment 

basin with drain to tank. 

(3)(A)(i)(BB): Minimum twenty-five (25) gallon spill 

catchment basin without drain to tank. 

(3)(C): A drop tube for deliveries must extend to within 

one (1) foot of the tank bottom.

MI Michigan 5

January 

1999 No additional regulations found.

MN Minnesota 5 April 2008 No additional regulations found.

OH Ohio 5 July 2001

1301:7-9-06-4(a)(iii):

Float vent valves for overfill prevention, when used, shall 

be installed with an extractor fitting to allow for the testing 

and maintenance of the UST system.

Float vent valves for overfill prevention shall not be 

allowed on any type of suction system.

WI Wisconsin 5

February 

2008 No additional regulations found.

AR Arkansas 6

October 

1997 No additional regulations found.

LA Louisiana 6

December 

2006 No additional regulations found.

NM New Mexico 6 April 2008 No additional regulations found.
D-10

State / Territory EPA 

Region

Effective 

Date of 

Regulation

Additional Regulation Details

OK Oklahoma 6 July 2008

165:25-1-57

Owners and operators of underground storage tank 

systems must keep records of spills and overfills for 

review and inspection by PSTD for a period of 3 years 

from date of such spill or overfill.

165:25-2-39:

(b) Tight fill connections must be used on all deliveries 

made to underground storage tanks.

(c) Tampering with overfill protection is not permitted. 

Any violation of this Section will be subject to the 

enforcement procedures of this Chapter and any other 

fines or contempt proceedings as provided by law.

(d)(2): (A) A drop tube with overfill device is required on 

all tank systems installed after July 1, 2001.

(B) Tanks installed before July 1, 2001, must be upgraded 

to meet these standards before July 1, 2002, unless 

equipped with an operational ball float overfill device. Use 

of ball floats is prohibited with suction systems.

TX Texas 6

November 

2000

TAC 30.I.334.C.§334.51:

(a)(4):

When USTs are equipped with ball float valves in the vent 

openings (or with other similar flow restrictors) for the 

purposes of compliance with the overfill prevention 

equipment requirements of subsection of this section.

(b)(2)(C):

When regulated substances are transferred into such tanks 

under pressure (other than routine gravity unloading from 

normal transport vehicles), the following requirements 

shall be met during the time that regulated substances are 

being transferred into the tank.

TAC 30.I.334.C.§334.51(b)(2)(b):

(iii) emit an audible and visible alarm capable of alerting 

the person responsible for the delivery when the liquid 

level in the tank reaches a preset level which shall be no 

higher than the 90% capacity level for the tank, provided 

that the tank is also equipped with a valve or other device 

which is designed to automatically shut-off or 

automatically restrict the flow of regulated substances into 

the tank when the liquid level reaches a preset level which 

shall be no higher than the 98% capacity level for the tank.

IA Iowa 7

November 

2008 No additional regulations found.

KS Kansas 7

November 

1990 No additional regulations found.

MO Missouri 7

February 

2000 No additional regulations found.

NE Nebraska 7

September 

2007

004.08B4: Due to the fact that vent restriction devices 

referred to as “float-vent valves” or “ball-float valves” 

increase the risk of tank over-pressurization, these devices 

shall not be installed on any UST after the effective date of 

these regulations.
D-11

State / Territory EPA 

Region

Effective 

Date of 

Regulation

Additional Regulation Details

CO Colorado 8

August 

2008 No additional regulations found.

MT Montana 8

September 

2007 No additional regulations found.

ND North Dakota 8 April 2002 No additional regulations found.

SD South Dakota 8 July 1996 No additional regulations found.

UT Utah 8

August 

2008 No additional regulations found.

WY Wyoming 8

September 

2008 No additional regulations found.

AS American 

Samoa

9

No Date 

Given No additional regulations found.

AZ Arizona 9 July 1996 No additional regulations found.

CA California 9

October 

2008

22 CCR §2635 (b)(2):

(C) Provide positive shut-off of flow to the tank when the 

tank is filled to no more than 95 percent of capacity; or, 

(D) Provide positive shut-off of flow to the tank so that 

none of the fittings located on the top of the tank are 

exposed to product due to overfilling.

GU Guam 9 1994 No additional regulations found.

HI Hawaii 9

January 

2001

§11-281-15:

(c) Spill and overfill prevention methods that rely on the 

use of alarms must have the alarms clearly labeled and 

located where the delivery person can clearly see or hear 

the alarm in order to immediatey stop delivery of product.

NV Nevada 9

No Date 

Given No additional regulations found.

MP

Northern 

Mariana 

Islands

9 2004 No additional regulations found.
D-12

State / Territory EPA 

Region

Effective 

Date of 

Regulation

Additional Regulation Details

AK Alaska 10 October 

2006

18 AAC 78.040. Spill and overfill control. 

(b)(4) The distributor is provided with the current UST 

tag, decal, or notice before the transfer is made

(e) If a UST system has one or more of the following, the 

owner or operator of the system shall not use a ball float 

valve or a vent restrictor shut-off device on that system:

(1) a tank that receives a pumped delivery;

(2) suction piping with air eliminators;

(3) remote fill pipes and gauge openings;

(4) an emergency generator or an oil heating tank.

(f) To satisfy the recordkeeping requirements of 18 AAC 

78.100(f), the owner or operator

may maintain a log to show compliance with the 

requirements of this section for each transfer

operation. The owner or operator may use a log form 

provided by the department or an

equivalent form. The department's log form calls for the 

following information:

(1) the facility name and ID number;

(2) the product type, distributor name, and transfer 

personnel;

(3) the date and time of the transfer;

(4) the tank number, tank contents, and tank size;

(5) amount of fuel in tank before delivery;

(6) amount of ullage before delivery;

(7) amount delivered; and

(8) information relating to any spill or overfill that may 

have occurred during the

transfer.

(g) In this section, "ullage" means the volume of the space 

between the product level in a

tank and the top of the tank, expressed in gallons.

ID Idaho 10 April 2008 No additional regulations found.

OR Oregon 10 October 

2008

340-150-0310(4):

(a)Measure the volume of regulated substance in each 

UST to confirm that the volume available is greater than 

the volume of the regulated subtance to be deposited into 

the UST before each deposit is made; and

(b) Develop and implement procedures to ensure that each 

deposit of a regulated substance into the UST is monitored 

constantly to prevent overfilling and spilling.

WA Washington 10 July 1998

WAC 173-360-300 Part III(3)(a)(ii)( c):

"Note: "Overflow prevention equipment that will 

automatically shut off or restrict flow into the tank should 

not be used where a pressurized fuel transfer system may 

be employed since an overflow may occur when the flow 

is suddenly shut off or restricted."
D-13

Table D3: Sources for State Regulations

State / Territory EPA 

Region

UST- or Overfill-Specific Regulatory 

URL General Regulatory URL

CT Connecticut 1

http://www.ct.gov/dep/lib/dep/regulations/

22a/22a-449(d)-1through113.pdf 

http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.

asp?a=2692&q=322598&depNav

_GID=1652&depNav=| 

ME Maine 1

http://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/rules/06/09

6/096c691.doc 

http://maine.gov/dep/rwm/ust/stat

utesrules.htm 

MA Massachusetts 1

http://www.mass.gov/Ador/docs/dor/UST/

Regulations/CMR-503-2.pdf 

http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=d

orsubtopic&L=5&L0=Home&L1

=Businesses&L2=Programs+%2

6+Services&L3=Underground+S

torage+Tank+Program+(UST)&

L4=UST+Regulations&sid=Ador 

NH New

Hampshire 1

http://des.nh.gov/organization/commissio

ner/legal/rules/documents/envwm1400.pdf 

http://des.nh.gov/organization/co

mmissioner/legal/rules/index.htm 

RI Rhode Island 1

http://www.dem.ri.gov/pubs/regs/regs/was

te/ustreg07.pdf 

http://www.dem.ri.gov/programs/

benviron/waste/index.htm 

VT Vermont 1

http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/wastediv/us

t/regs/fullUSTregs.pdf 

http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/wa

stediv/ust/ust_regs.htm 

NJ New Jersey 2

http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/regs/ust/ustrule

.pdf 

http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/regs/u

st/ 

NY New York 2

http://www.dec.ny.gov/regs/4448.html#15

601 

http://www.dec.ny.gov/regs/4448

.html

PR Puerto Rico 2

http://www.michie.com/puertorico/lpext.d

ll?f=templates&fn=mainh.htm&cp=prcode 

NA

VI Virgin Islands 2

http://dpnr.gov.vi/dep/pubs/SHWRRApril.pdf http://dpnr.gov.vi/dep/waste.htm 

DC District of 

Columbia 3

http://dchealth.dc.gov/DOH/frames.asp?d

oc=/doh/lib/doh/services/administration_o

ffices/environmental/services2/ustd/pdf/al

lreg1.pdf&group=1813 

http://dchealth.dc.gov/DOH/cwp/

view,A,1374,Q,585833,dohNav_

GID,1813.asp 

DE Delaware 3

http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/dnrec2000/di

visions/awm/ust/pdf/2008%20UST%20Re

gulations.pdf 

http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/dnre

c2000/divisions/awm/ust/ 

MD Maryland 3

http://www.dsd.state.md.us/comar/idq_fil

es/search.idq 

http://www.dsd.state.md.us/coma

r/subtitle_chapters/26_Chapters.h

tm

PA Pennsylvania 3

http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/c

hapter245/subchapEtoc.html

http://www.pacode.com/secure/d

ata/025/chapter245/chap245toc.ht

ml 

VA Virginia 3

http://www.deq.state.va.us/export/sites/de

fault/tanks/pdf/usttech.pdf 

http://www.deq.state.va.us/tanks/

guidance.html 
D-14

State / Territory EPA 

Region

UST- or Overfill-Specific Regulatory 

URL General Regulatory URL

WV West Virginia 3

http://www.legis.state.wv.us/WVCODE/2

2/code/WVC%2022%20%20-

%2017%20%20-

%20%20%206%20%20.htm 

http://www.wvdep.org/item.cfm?

ssid=13&ss1id=729 

AL Alabama 4

http://www.adem.state.al.us/WaterDivisio

n/Ground/UST%20GW/USTDoc.pdf

http://www.adem.state.al.us/Wate

rDivision/Ground/UST%20GW/

GWUSTProgram.htm 

FL Florida 4

http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/quick_to

pics/rules/documents/62-761.pdf

http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/

quick_topics/rules/default.htm 

GA Georgia 4

http://rules.sos.state.ga.us/docs/391/3/15/0

5.pdf 

http://rules.sos.state.ga.us/cgiin/page.cgi?g=GEORGIA_DEPA

RTMENT_OF_NATURAL_RES

OURCES/ENVIRONMENTAL_

PROTECTION/UNDERGROUN

D_STORAGE_TANK_MANAG

EMENT/index.html&d=1 

KY Kentucky 4

http://www.lrc.ky.gov/kar/401/042/020.ht

m 

http://www.waste.ky.gov/branche

s/ust/regs/ 

MS Mississippi 4

http://www.deq.state.ms.us/newweb/MDE

QRegulations.nsf/3d9fe41da6b657cb8625

6d6e00638e7a/2b4929acd771bdb286256b

a5004842a3/$FILE/UST-2.pdf

http://www.deq.state.ms.us/neww

eb/MDEQRegulations.nsf/UST 

NC North Carolina 4

http://www.wastenotnc.org/ust/docs/143_

85.doc 

http://wastenot.enr.state.nc.us/La

ws.htm

SC South Carolina 4

http://www.scdhec.net/environment/lwm/r

egs/R.61-92_part280.pdf 

http://www.scdhec.net/environme

nt/lwm/regulatory.htm 

TN Tennessee 4

http://www.state.tn.us/environment/ust/act

&rules.shtml 

http://tn.gov/sos/rules/1200/1200-

01/1200-01-15.20080930.pdf 

IL Illinois 5

http://www.state.il.us/osfm/PetroChemSaf

/Current170code92008.pdf 

http://www.state.il.us/osfm/Petro

ChemSaf/home.htm

IN Indiana 5

http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title

13/ar23/ch5.html 

http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/c

ode/title13/ar23/ 

MI Michigan 5

http://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-

135-3311_4115_4238-9783--,00.html 

http://www.michigan.gov/docum

ents/deq/deq-stdMUSTR_250513_7.pdf 

MN Minnesota 5

https://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/rules/

?id=7150 

http://www.pca.state.mn.us/clean

up/ust.html 

OH Ohio 5

http://www.com.state.oh.us/SFM/pub/bust

_1301_7-9.pdf 

http://www.com.state.oh.us/SFM/

fire_laws.aspx 

WI Wisconsin 5

http://www.legis.state.wi.us/rsb/code/com

m/comm010.pdf 

http://dnr.wi.gov/org/aw/rr/clean

up/ust_lust.html 

AR Arkansas 6

http://www.adeq.state.ar.us/regs/files/reg1

2_final_071015.pdf 

http://www.adeq.state.ar.us/rst/br

anch_enforcement/regulations.ht

m 

LA Louisiana 6

http://www.deq.louisiana.gov/portal/Link

Click.aspx?link=UndergroundStorageTan

k%2f33v11.doc&tabid=2676 

http://www.deq.louisiana.gov/por

tal/tabid/2676/Default.aspx#rules

_and_regs 
D-15

State / Territory EPA 

Region

UST- or Overfill-Specific Regulatory 

URL General Regulatory URL

NM New Mexico 6

http://www.nmcpr.state.nm.us/nmac/_title

20/T20C005.htm 

NA

OK Oklahoma 6

http://www.occeweb.com/Divisions/PST/

Forms/Rules/Chapter25.pdf

http://www.occeweb.com/Divisio

ns/PST/Rules.htm 

TX Texas 6

http://info.sos.state.tx.us/pls/pub/readtac$

ext.TacPage?sl=R&app=9&p_dir=&p_rlo

c=&p_tloc=&p_ploc=&pg=1&p_tac=&ti

=30&pt=1&ch=334&rl=51

http://info.sos.state.tx.us/pls/pub/

readtac$ext.ViewTAC?tac_view

=5&ti=30&pt=1&ch=334&sch=

C&rl=Y

IA Iowa 7

http://search.legis.state.ia.us/NXT/gatewa

y.dll/IowaState/iac_5/a567/c135/iac_a567

_c135_r3v20.xml?f=templates$fn=docum

entframeset.htm$q=%5Brank,%20100%20%

3A%20%5Bdomain%20%3A%20%5Ban

d%3A%5Bfield,publish_date_begin%3A

%5B%3C%3D%3A11%2F26%2F2008%

5D%5D%20%5Bfield,publish_date_end

%3A%5B%3E%3D%3A11%2F26%2F20

08%5D%5D%20%5Bor%3A%5Bfield,co

ntent_type%3A%5Bnot%3A%5Band%3

Aapplication%2Fpdf%5D%5D%5D%20

%5Bfield,docid%3Aar_iab_*%5D%5D%

5D%20%5D%5Bsum%20%3A%20%20U

ST%20%5D%5D$x=server$3.0#LPHit1 

http://search.legis.state.ia.us/NX

T/gateway.dll/IowaState/ISLRoot

/codeandsupp.htm?f=templates&f

n=default.htm

KS Kansas 7

http://www.kdheks.gov/tanks/download/K

SA_65-34.pdf 

http://www.kdheks.gov/tanks/reg

s.html 

MO Missouri 7

http://www.sos.mo.gov/adrules/csr/curren

t/10csr/10c20-10.pdf 

http://www.sos.mo.gov/adrules/c

sr/current/10csr/10csr.asp#10-24 

NE Nebraska 7

http://www.sfm.state.ne.us/regulations/pdf

/title159.pdf 

http://www.sfm.state.ne.us/regula

tions/title159.html 

CO Colorado 8

http://oil.cdle.state.co.us/Div%20program

s/Regs/Colorado%20Revised%20UST%2

0Regs%20Aug08.pdf

http://oil.cdle.state.co.us/OIL/Stat

utesRegulations/regsindex.asp 

MT Montana 8

http://www.deq.mt.gov/dir/legal/Chapters/

Ch56-toc.asp 

http://www.deq.mt.gov/UST/ustR

ules.asp 

ND North Dakota 8

http://www.legis.nd.gov/information/acda

ta/pdf/33-24-08.pdf 

http://www.ndhealth.gov/wm/

SD South Dakota 8

http://legis.state.sd.us/rules/DisplayRule.a

spx?Rule=74:56:01

http://www.state.sd.us/denr/DES/

ground/Regulations/Regulations.

htm 

UT Utah 8

http://www.undergroundtanks.utah.gov/do

cs/R311_81808.pdf 

http://www.environmentalrespon

se.utah.gov/public/law_links.htm 

WY Wyoming 8

http://deq.state.wy.us/shwd/STP/STPDow

nloads/Title35-11article14.pdf 

http://deq.state.wy.us/shwd/stp/ 

AS American 

Samoa

9

http://www.asbar.org/Newcode/asca.htm NA
D-16

State / Territory EPA 

Region

UST- or Overfill-Specific Regulatory 

URL General Regulatory URL

AZ Arizona 9

http://www.azsos.gov/public_services/Titl

e_18/18-12.htm 

http://www.azdeq.gov/environ/us

t/icu/index.html#rules 

CA California 9

http://government.westlaw.com/linkedslic

e/default.asp?li=%7B5F46ACE0-6569-

4DE8-96C3-

368A4663D10E%7D&RS=GVT1.0&VR

=2.0&SP=CCR-1000

http://www.westlaw.com/toc/defa

ult.wl?service=toc&abbr=caadc&itemkey=CAT27&RS=GVT

1.0&VR=2.0&SP=CCR-1000 

GU Guam 9

http://www.justice.gov.gu/CompilerofLa

ws/gca.html 

NA

HI Hawaii 9

http://hawaii.gov/health/environmental/wa

ste/ust/rules.html 

http://hawaii.gov/health/environ

mental/waste/ust/pdf/ustrules.pdf 

NV Nevada 9

http://ndep.nv.gov/BCA/ust_home.htm NA

MP

Northern 

Mariana 

Islands

9

http://www.deq.gov.mp/artdoc/Sec7art45I

D101.pdf 

http://www.deq.gov.mp/article.as

px?secID=7&artID=45 

AK Alaska 10

http://www.legis.state.ak.us/cgibin/folioisa.dll/aac/query=%5Bgroup%2B

title18chap78!3A%5D/doc/%7B@1%7D/

hits_only? 

http://www.dec.state.ak.us/regula

tions/index.htm#chap78 

ID Idaho 10 http://adm.idaho.gov/adminrules/rules/ida

pa58/0107.pdf 

http://www.deq.idaho.gov/waste/

prog_issues/ust_lust/index.cfm 

OR Oregon 10

http://www.leg.state.or.us/ors/466.html http://www.deq.state.or.us/lq/tan

ks/ust/ 

WA Washington 10

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/lawsrules/ecywac.html#tcp http://www.ecy.wa.gov/PROGR

AMS/tcp/ust-lust/tanks.html 
D-17

Verbatim Text from State and Territorial Administrative Codes, Rules, 

Regulations, and Program Policies

The text contained in this subsection is verbatim from published state and territorial 

administrative codes, rules, regulations, and program policies, except for page numbers. 

States and territories are organized in alphabetical order. 

Where provided, page numbers are indicated by a number in brackets (e.g. – “[13]” or 

“[542]”). Not all states use paginated codes; some only employ numbered lists. Some 

states place page numbers at the beginning of the citation; others place them at the 

bottom of the citation. 

Alabama

[15-16]

(c) Spill and Overfill Prevention Equipment. Except as provided for in sub-paragraph (c)3. below, to 

prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product transfer to the UST, owners and operators must use 

the following spill and overfill prevention equipment or preventive measures in 1. and 2. below: 335-6-15-

.06

[15-17]

1. Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment when the transfer hose 

is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin) operated and maintained in accordance 

with rule 335-6-15-.09; and

2. Overfill prevention equipment that will:

(i) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent full; or

(ii) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by restricting the flow into the 

tank or triggering a high-level alarm.

3. Owner and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

subparagraphs (c)1. and 2. above if alternative equipment is used that is determined by the Department to 

be no less protective of human health and the environment than the equipment specified in subparagraph 

(c)1. or 2. of this rule; or the UST system is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time.

[15-22]

335-6-15-.09 Operation and Maintenance of Spill and Overfill Control, and Containment Systems.

(1) Owners and operators must comply with the following requirements to ensure that releases due to 

spilling or overfilling do not occur:

(a) The owner and operator must ensure that the volume available in the tank is greater than the volume of 

product to be transferred to the tank before the transfer is made and that the transfer operation is monitored 

constantly to prevent overfilling and spilling.

(b) If a spill catchment basin is used, ensure that it is cleaned out before the transfer of regulated substance 

to the tank so that all the catchment basin volume is available to contain a spill.

(c) Spill catchment basins shall be checked for leakage annually by cleaning the basin and adding enough 

liquid to completely fill the basin. If the liquid level in the basin drops by one quarter inch or more after at 

least one hour, the spill catchment basin must be repaired, or replaced. A log of the results of annual tests 

shall be maintained in accordance with rule 335-6-15-.13.

(d) When a regulated substance is being released or is suspected to have been released from the catchment 

basin to the surrounding surface or 

[15-23]

subsurface, notify the Department of a suspected release in accordance with

rule 335-6-15-.20.
D-18

Alaska

[16]

18 AAC 78.040. Spill and overfill control. 

(a) To prevent spilling and overfilling associated with transfer of petroleum to a UST, the owner or 

operator of a UST system shall, subject to (e) of this section, use the following spill and overfill prevention 

equipment:

[17]

(1) spill prevention equipment, such as a spill catchment basin, that will prevent

release of the petroleum to the environment when the transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe; and

(2) overfill prevention equipment that will

(A) automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent full; or

(B) alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by restricting the flow into the 

tank or by triggering a high-level alarm.

(b) The owner or operator shall ensure that

(1) a release due to spilling or overfilling does not occur;

(2) the volume available in the tank is greater than the volume of petroleum to be transferred to the tank 

before the transfer is made;

(3) the transfer operation is constantly monitored to prevent overfilling or spilling;

(4) the distributor is provided with the current UST tag, decal, or notice before the transfer is made; and

(5) any spill or overfill is reported and investigated, and that appropriate corrective action is completed.

(c) The owner or operator is not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in (a) 

of this section if

(1) alternative equipment is used that, in the department's judgment, is no less protective of human health 

and safety and the environment than the equipment specified in (a) of this section; or

(2) the UST is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time.

(d) The owner or operator shall report, investigate, and complete corrective action on a

spill or overfill as required by 18 AAC 78.200 - 18 AAC 78.276.

(e) If a UST system has one or more of the following, the owner or operator of the system shall not use a 

ball float valve or a vent restrictor shut-off device on that system:

(1) a tank that receives a pumped delivery;

(2) suction piping with air eliminators;

[18]

(3) remote fill pipes and gauge openings;

(4) an emergency generator or an oil heating tank.

(f) To satisfy the recordkeeping requirements of 18 AAC 78.100(f), the owner or operator

may maintain a log to show compliance with the requirements of this section for each transfer operation. 

The owner or operator may use a log form provided by the department or an equivalent form. The 

department's log form calls for the following information:

(1) the facility name and ID number;

(2) the product type, distributor name, and transfer personnel;

(3) the date and time of the transfer;

(4) the tank number, tank contents, and tank size;

(5) amount of fuel in tank before delivery;

(6) amount of ullage before delivery;

(7) amount delivered; and

(8) information relating to any spill or overfill that may have occurred during the transfer.

(g) In this section, "ullage" means the volume of the space between the product level in a tank and the top 

of the tank, expressed in gallons. (Eff. 3/25/91, Register 118; am 11/3/95,

Register 136; am 1/22/99, Register 149; am 1/30/2003, Register 165)
D-19

Arizona

R18-12-220. Performance Standards for New UST Systems

D. Except as provided in subsection (D)(3), owners and operators shall use both of the following spill and 

overfill prevention equipment systems to prevent spilling and overfilling associated with transfer of a

regulated substance to the UST system:

1. Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of a regulated substance to the environment 

when the transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe;

2. Overfill prevention equipment that will do one or more of the following:

a. Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95% full;

b. Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90% full by restricting the flow into 

the tank or triggering a high-level alarm that can be heard at the point of transfer;

c. Restrict flow 30 minutes prior to overfilling, alert the operator with a high level alarm that can 

be heard at the point of transfer one minute before overfilling, or automatically shut off flow 

into the tank so that none of the fittings located on top of the tank are exposed to a regulated 

substance due to overfilling.

3. Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

subsections (D)(1) and (2) if either of the following conditions is met:

a. Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the Department to be no less protective of 

human health and the environment than the equipment specified in subsections (D)(1) or (2);

b. The tank is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time
D-20

Arkansas

No specific overfill or spill prevention information found in Regulation 12 - Storage Tanks.
D-21

California

23 CA ADC § 2635

23 CCR § 2635

Cal. Admin. Code tit. 23, § 2635

BARCLAYS OFFICIAL CALIFORNIA CODE OF REGULATIONS

TITLE 23. WATERS

DIVISION 3. STATE WATER RESOURCES CONTROL BOARD AND REGIONAL WATER 

QUALITY

CONTROL BOARDS

CHAPTER 16. UNDERGROUND TANK REGULATIONS

ARTICLE 3. NEW UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND 

MONITORING

REQUIREMENTS

This database is current through 10/24/08, Register 2008, No. 43

§ 2635. Installation and Testing Requirements for All New Underground Storage Tanks.

(a) Primary and secondary containment systems shall be designed, constructed, tested, and certified to 

comply, as applicable, with all of the following requirements:

(6) All underground storage tanks shall be installed according to a code of practice developed in 

accordance with voluntary consensus standards and the manufacturer's written installation 

instructions. The owner or operator shall certify that the underground storage tank was installed in 

accordance with the above requirements as required by subsection (d) of this section.

[...]

(b) All underground storage tanks shall be equipped with a spill container and an overfill prevention system 

as follows:

(1) The spill container shall collect any hazardous substances spilled during product delivery 

operations to prevent the hazardous substance from entering the subsurface environment. The spill 

container shall meet the following requirements:

(A) If it is made of metal, the exterior wall shall be protected from galvanic corrosion.

(B) It shall have a minimum capacity of five gallons (19 liters).

(C) It shall have a drain valve which allows drainage of the collected spill into the primary 

container or provide a means to keep the spill container empty.

(2) The overfill prevention system shall not allow for manual override and shall meet one of the 

following requirements:

(A) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is 90 percent full by restricting the flow into the tank 

or triggering an audible and visual alarm; or

(B) Restrict delivery of flow to the tank at least 30 minutes before the tank overfills, provided the 

restriction occurs when the tank is filled to no more than 95 percent of capacity; and activate an 

audible alarm at least five minutes before the tank overfills; or

(C) Provide positive shut-off of flow to the tank when the tank is filled to no more than 95 percent 

of capacity; or,

(D) Provide positive shut-off of flow to the tank so that none of the fittings located on the top of 

the tank are exposed to product due to overfilling.
D-22

(3) The local agency may waive the requirement for overfill prevention equipment where the tank 

inlet exists in an observable area, the spill container is adequate to collect any overfill, and the tank 

system is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time.

 Note: Authority cited: Sections 25299.3 and 25299.7, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 

25281, 25284.1, 25291 and 25299, Health and Safety Code; 40 CFR 280.20 and 280.40-280.45. 

HISTORY

1. Amendment filed 8-9-91 as an emergency; operative 8-9-91. Text remains in 

effect uninterrupted pursuant to Health and Safety Code section 25299.7 (Register 92, No. 14).

2. Editorial correction of printing errors in History1 (Register 92, No.43).

3. Amendment of section heading and text filed 4-5-94; operative 5-5-94 (Register 94, No. 14).

4. Amendment of subsection (d)(1) and Notefiled 5-14-2001; operative 5-14-2001pursuant to Government 

Code section 11343.4 (Register 2001, No. 20).

5. Amendment of subsections (d) and (d)(1), repealer of subsection (d)(2) and 

subsection renumbering filed 4-8-2004; operative 5-8-2004 (Register 2004, No. 15).

6. Amendment of subsection (d) filed 12-18-2007; operative 1-17-2008 (Register 2007, No. 51).

23 CCR § 2635, 23 CA ADC § 2635

1CAC

23 CA ADC § 2635
D-23

Colorado

7 C.C.R. 1101-14, August 1, 2008

[20]

(c) Spill and overfill prevention equipment.

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, to prevent spilling and overfilling

associated with product transfer to the UST system, owners/operators must use the

following spill and overfill prevention equipment:

(i) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment

when the transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill

catchment basin); and

(ii) Overfill prevention equipment that will:

(A) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is more than 95

percent full; or

(B) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is more than 90 percent full by

[21]

(2) Owners/operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified

in paragraph (c)(1) of this section if:

(i) Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the Director to be no less

protective of human health and the environment than the equipment specified in

paragraph (c)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section; or

[25]

Section 2-3 General Operating Requirements.

2-3-1 Spill and overfill control.

(a) Owners/operators must ensure that releases due to spilling or overfilling do not occur. The

owner/operator must ensure that the volume available in the tank is greater than the volume of

product to be transferred to the tank before the transfer is made and that the transfer operation is

monitored constantly to prevent overfilling and spilling.

[Note: The transfer procedures described in National Fire Protection Association Publication 385

may be used to comply with paragraph (a) of this section. Further guidance on spill and overfill

prevention appears in American Petroleum Institute Publication 1621, "Recommended Practice

for Bulk Liquid Stock Control at Retail Outlets," and National Fire Protection Association Standard

30, "Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code."]

(b) The owner/operator must report, investigate, and clean up any spills and overfills in accordance with

section 4-4. 
D-24

Connecticut

Sec. 22a-449 (d)-102. Ust systems: design, construction installation and notification

(a) Performance standards for new UST systems.

[18]

(5) Spill and overfill prevention equipment.

(A) Except as provided in subparagraph 22a-449 (d)-102 (a) (5) (B) of these regulations to prevent spilling 

and overfilling associated with product transfer to the UST system, owners and

[19]

operators shall use the following spill and overfill prevention equipment:

(I) Spill prevention equipment that shall prevent release of product to the environment when the transfer 

hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin); and 

(ii) Overfill prevention equipment that shall:

(a) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent full, or

(b) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by restricting the flow

into the tank or triggering a high-level alarm.

(B) Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

subparagraph 22a-449 (d)-102 (a) (5) (A) of these regulations if:

(I) Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the implementing agency to be no less protective of 

human health and the environment than the equipment specified in subparagraphs 22a-449 (d)-102 (a) (5) 

(A) (i) and (ii) of these regulations and such equipment has been approved in writing by the implementing 

agency prior to installation of the UST system; or

(ii) The UST system is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time.
D-25

Delaware

1.21. Spill Protection Requirements for UST Systems Storing Regulated Substance excluding Heating Fuel 

or Hazardous Substance 

1.21.1. No Person shall construct, install, use, or maintain any UST Facility without providing a reliable 

means of ensuring that Releases due to spilling do not occur. 

1.21.2. To prevent spilling associated with Regulated Substance transfer to the UST System, Owners and 

Operators shall comply with the requirements of one of the following industry standards: 

1.21.2.1. NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code; or 

1.21.2.2. NFPA 385, Standard for Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible Liquids; or 

1.21.2.3. API RP 1621, Bulk Liquid Stock Control at Retail Outlets. 

1.21.3. Owners and Operators shall equip all UST Systems with impervious spill containment devices that 

form a liquid tight seal around the fill pipe connection and the Stage I vapor recovery connections, where 

applicable. 

1.21.4. All spill containment devices around the fill pipe shall have a minimum containment capacity of 

fifteen (15) gallons or be of a design that provides equivalent environmental protection. 

1.21.5. Owners and Operators shall immediately remove water, Regulated Substance or debris that 

accumulates in any spill containment device Owners and Operators shall maintain spill containment 

devices to be capable of containing a spill of the containment design capacity at all times. [B-21]

1.21.6. All precautions shall be taken to prevent Tank overfilling, spilling and dripping. 

1.21.7. Owners and Operators shall test spill containment devices once every twelve (12) calendar months 

for tightness, or in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications, or when deemed necessary by the 

Department to determine if a threat to human health, safety or the environment exists. 

1.21.8. Spill containment devices of double wall design with continuous monitoring of the interstitial space 

are exempt from the testing requirements of §1.21.7. of this Part. Owners and Operators shall maintain 

records of the continuous interstitial monitoring of the spill containment device. 

1.21.9. Owners and Operators shall report, investigate, and clean up any spills and overfills in accordance 

with Part E of these Regulations. 

1.22. Overfill Protection Requirements for UST Systems Storing Regulated Substance excluding Heating 

Fuel or Hazardous Substance 

1.22.1. No Person shall construct, install, use, or maintain any UST Facility without providing a reliable 

means of ensuring that Releases due to overfilling do not occur. 

1.22.2. The Person In Charge of the transfer of Regulated Substance to the UST shall adhere to proper 

safety precautions and procedures for transfer as found in NFPA 385, Standard for Tank Vehicles for 

Flammable and Combustible Liquids and API RP 1621, Bulk Liquid Stock Control at Retail Outlets and 

shall comply with the following: 

1.22.2.1. The Person In Charge of the transfer operation shall first check the UST to ensure that the volume 

available in the UST is greater than the volume of Regulated Substance to be transferred to the UST before 

the transfer is made; and 

1.22.2.2. During the transfer, the Person In Charge shall continuously monitor the transfer operation to 

prevent an Overfill Release; and 

1.22.2.3. At the conclusion of the transfer, the Person in Charge shall collect any Regulated Substance that 

remains in the transfer hose in a container and shall ensure it is properly managed and does not reach the 

environment; and 

1.22.2.4. The Person in Charge shall take all reasonable precautions to prevent spilling and dripping. 

1.22.3. Owners and Operators shall install and maintain overfill protection equipment that shall: [B-22 ]

1.22.3.1. Automatically shut off the flow into the UST when the UST is no more than ninety five (95%) 

percent full; or 

1.22.3.2. Alert the transfer operator when the UST is no more than ninety (90%) percent full by restricting 

the flow into the UST or triggering a high-level alarm; or 

1.22.3.3. Restrict flow 30 minutes prior to overfilling, alert the Operator with a high level alarm one minute 

before overfilling, or automatically shut off flow into the UST so that none of the fittings located on top of 

the Tank are exposed to Regulated Substance due to overfilling; or 
D-26

1.22.3.4. Be an automatic partial flow shut-off float vent or vapor valve installed inside the UST(s) set to 

restrict flow when the UST is no more than ninety (90%) full. Vent or vapor restriction devices shall not be 

installed in UST Systems that are equipped with suction pumps, remote fill lines, remote vapor lines or 

receive pressurized deliveries. 

1.22.4. UST Systems that receive pressurized deliveries require a high level alarm that is triggered at no 

more than ninety (90%) percent full for overfill protection or an automatic flow shut-off valve designed for 

pressurized deliveries. 

1.22.5. Owners and Operators shall report, investigate, and clean up any spills and overfills in accordance 

with Part E of these Regulations. [B-23]
D-27

District of Columbia

[59-1]

5900 SPILL AND OVERFILL CONTROL

5900.1 Each owner, operator or a person-in-charge, as defined in § 7099.1, shall ensure that releases due to 

spilling or overfilling do not occur. In complying with the requirements of this section, owners, operators 

and persons-in-charge shall follow a code of practice developed by a nationally recognized association or 

independent testing laboratory, as specified by the Director.

5900.2 Before each transfer is made, the owner, operator or the person-in-charge shall ensure that the 

volume available in the tank is greater than the volume of product to be transferred to the tank.

5900.3 The owner, operator or the person-in-charge shall ensure that each transfer operation is monitored 

constantly to prevent overfilling and spilling and is performed in accordance with the UST manufacturer's 

specifications.

5900.4 Where product is transferred by means of pressurized delivery, delivery nozzles shall be held open 

manually.

5900.5 Where product is transferred by means of pressurized delivery a vent alarm device shall be installed 

within one (1) year of November 12, 1993; provided, that the tank is accessible and that said alarm can be 

installed without the need for excavation.

5900.6 If the vent alarm indicates an obstruction to the vent, delivery shall be discontinued until the vent 

has been cleared.

5900.7 The owner or operator shall ensure that the spill prevention equipment is kept clean and dry.

5900.8 The owner or operator shall ensure that all fill lines for the UST system are clearly marked to 

indicate the size of the tank and the type of regulated substance stored. The owner or operator shall satisfy 

this requirement by one of the following methods:

(a) Installing a permanent tag or sign immediately adjacent to the fill pipes which states the size of the tank 

and the specific type of substance stored; or

[59-2]

(b) Applying a color code that conforms to the following requirements:

(1) Color markings in accordance with API 1637 “Product Identification”, shall be painted or placed 

around the fill or manhole cover in a manner that will readily identify the regulated substance in the storage 

tank; or

(2) Regulated substances or products stored in USTs that are not listed in API 1637 may be identified with 

the standard industry or business color code for the corresponding substance or product; and

(3) The color code shall be painted on a sign not less than 8 x 10 inches with letters not less than 5/16 inch 

high, posted at the facility in a prominent location visible from the fill pipe area, and available for 

inspection at all times to show the size and type of regulated substance stored.

5900.9 Pipes or other openings may not be marked in any way which could be associated with a regulated 

substance stored at the facility, unless the pipes or openings are used for the transfer of that substance.

5900.10 The owner, operator or any other responsible party shall report, investigate, and clean up any spills 

and overfills, in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 62 of this Subtitle. 
D-28

Florida

(5) Overfill protection.

(a) At a minimum, fillbox covers shall be marked in accordance with API RP 1637, or with an equivalent 

method approved by the Department in accordance with subsection 62-761.850(2), F.A.C.

(b) USTs shall be equipped with a system that either:

1. Automatically shuts off flow to the tank when the tank is no more than 95% full;

2. Restricts flow to the tank when the tank is no more than 90% full;

3. Alerts the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90% full by triggering a high level alarm;

4. Alerts the transfer operator with a high level alarm set at 400 gallons below tank top, but no less than one 

minute before overfilling; or

5. Automatically shuts off flow into the tank so that none of the fittings located on top of the tank are 

exposed to product due to overfilling.

(5) Overfill protection.

(b) USTs shall be equipped with a system that either:

3. Alerts the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90% full by triggering a high level alarm;

4. Alerts the transfer operator with a high level alarm set at 400 gallons below tank top, but no less than one 

minute before overfilling; or

5. Automatically shuts off flow into the tank so that none of the fittings located on top of the tank are 

exposed to product due to overfilling.
D-29

Georgia

(1) 40 CFR Part 280, Subpart B (2000) is hereby incorporated by reference.

(2) For purposes of performance standards for new UST systems, as required in 40 CFR §280.20(d) (2000), 

any tank previously installed and subsequently removed must be recertified by the manufacturer or by an 

authorized representative of the manufacturer or by a Georgia-registered Professional Engineer and shall 

comply with the secondary containment requirements in accordance with 391-3-15-.07 prior to installation 

as an UST.

(3) For purposes of notification of USTs, as required in 40 CFR §280.22 (2000), owners shall use forms as 

prescribed by the Director.
D-30

Hawaii

§11-281-14 Spill and overfill prevention equipment. 

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), to prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product transfer 

to an UST or tank system, owners and operators must use the following spill and overfill prevention 

equipment:

(1) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment when the transfer 

hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin);and

(2) Overfill prevention equipment that will:

(A) Automatically shut off flow into the UST when the UST is more than ninety-five percent full;

(B) Alert the transfer operator when the UST is more than ninety percent full by restricting the flow into the 

UST or triggering a high-level alarm; or

(C) Restrict flow thirty minutes prior to overfilling, or alert the operator with a high-level alarm one minute 

before overfilling, or automatically shut off flow into the UST so that none of the fittings located on top of 

the UST are exposed to product due to overfilling.

(b) Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

subsection (a) if:

(1) Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the department to be no less protective of human 

health and the environment than the equipment specified in subsection (a); or

(2) The UST or tank system is filled by transfers of no more than twenty-five gallons at one time.

(c) Spill and overfill prevention methods that rely on the use of alarms must have the alarms clearly

labeled and located where the delivery person can clearly see or hear the alarm in order to immediately

stop delivery of the product. [Eff ]

(Auth: HRS §§342L-3, 342L-32) (Imp: 40 C.F.R.

§280.20)

[281-23]

GENERAL OPERATING REQUIREMENTS

§11-281-41 Spill and overfill control. 

(a) Owners and operators must ensure that releases due to spilling or overfilling do not occur. Owners and

operators must ensure that the volume available in the UST is greater than the volume of product to be

transferred to the UST before the transfer is made and that the transfer operation is monitored constantly to

prevent spilling and overfilling.

NOTE: The transfer procedures described in National Fire Protection Association Publication 385

may be helpful in complying with subsection (a). Further guidance on spill and overfill prevention

appears in American Petroleum Institute Publication 1621, "Recommended Practice for Bulk Liquid Stock

Control at Retail Outlets", and National Fire Protection Association Standard 30, "Flammable and

Combustible Liquids Code".

[281-39]

§11-281-64 Reporting and cleanup of spills and overfills. 

(a) Owners and operators of USTs or tank systems must contain and immediately clean up all spills and 

overfills in a manner which is protective of human health and the environment as set forth in section 11-

281-78.

(b) Owners and operators must notify the department within twenty-four hours and begin release response 

action in accordance with subchapter 7 in the following cases:

(1) Spill or overfill of petroleum that results in a release to the environment that exceeds twenty-five 

gallons or that causes a sheen on nearby surface waters; and

(2) Spill or overfill of a hazardous substance that results in a release to the environment that equals or 

exceeds its reportable quantity as determined in compliance with section 11-451-6 (determination of 

reportable quantities).

(c) If the owners and operators cannot, within twenty-four hours, contain and complete the cleanup of

a spill or overfill of petroleum that is less than twenty-five gallons, or a spill or overfill of a hazardous 

substance that is less than the reportable

[281-60]
D-31

§11-281-72

quantity, then the owners and operators must immediately notify the department of the incident and

continue cleaning up the spill or overfill. Owners and operators must also complete and submit to the

department a written report of the actions taken in response to the spill or overfill within ninety days of

the spill or overfill. [Eff ] (Auth:HRS §§342L-3, 342L-34) (Imp: 40 C.F.R. §280.53)

[281-61]
D-32

Idaho

Idaho seems to not require specific overfill devices in its regulatory language. Regulatory language states 

that tanks can be determined ineligible for delivery and operation if found not to contain "required overfill 

protection," but appears to not regulate beyond EPA scope. 
D-33

Illinois

OSFM 41 ILLINOIS ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 170 170.420

c) Spill and overfill prevention equipment.

1) To prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product transfer to the UST system, owners or 

operators shall use the following spill and overfill prevention equipment:

A) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment when the transfer 

hose is detached from the fill pipe (e.g., a spill catch basin). New or replaced spill prevention equipment 

must have a minimum 5 gallon capacity and be maintained in a dry, clean state; and

B) Overfill prevention equipment that:

i) Automatically shuts off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent full;

ii) Alerts the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by restricting the flow into the 

tank or triggering a high-level alarm; or

iii) Provides alternative methods that are no less restrictive than Subpart A or B and no less protective of 

human health or the environment, as approved in writing by the Office of the State Fire Marshal.

C) Float vent valves for overfill prevention shall not be allowed on any type suction system.

2) Owners or operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

subsections (c)(1)(A) and (B), if:

A) Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the Office of the State Fire Marshal in writing to be 

no less protective of human health or the environment than the equipment specified in subsections (c)(1)(A) 

and (B).

B) The UST system is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time, but shall have spill 

containment.

OSFM 41 ILLINOIS ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 170 170.427

b) For defective or improperly operating equipment, such as, but not limited to, spill, overfill and cathodic 

protection, repairs shall commence, or the equipment shall be replaced, within 48 hours from the time of 

discovery. Failure to act within this time frame will require the tank system to be taken out of service until 

repairs are completed.
D-34

Indiana

[18]

3) The following spill and overfill requirements must be completed:

(A) Except as provided in clause (B), the owner and operator shall use the following spill and overfill 

prevention equipment to prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product transfer to the UST 

system:

(i) Spill prevention equipment that prevents the release of product to the environment when the transfer 

hose is detached from the fill pipe as one (1) of the following: 

[19]

(AA) Minimum five (5) gallon spill catchment basin with drain to tank.

(BB) Minimum twenty-five (25) gallon spill catchment basin without drain to tank.

(ii) Overfill prevention equipment that completes one (1) of the following:

[20]

(AA) Automatically shuts off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than ninety-five percent (95%)

full.

(BB) Alerts the transfer operator when the tank is no more than ninety percent (90%) full by restricting

the flow into the tank or triggering a high level alarm.

(CC) Restricts flow thirty (30) minutes prior to overfilling, alerts the transfer operator with a high level

alarm one (1) minute before overfilling, or automatically shuts off flow into the tank so that none of the

fittings located on top of the tank are exposed to product due to overfilling.

(B) The owner and operator are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

clause (A) if one (1) of the following is completed:

(i) Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the commissioner to be no less protective of human 

health and the environment than the equipment specified in clause (A).

(ii) The UST system is filled by transfers of no more than twenty-five (25) gallons at one (1) time.

(C) A drop tube for deliveries must extend to within one (1) foot of the tank bottom. 

329 IAC 9-3.1-1 Spill and overfill control

Authority: IC 13-14-8-1; IC 13-14-8-2; IC 13-23-1-1; IC 13-23-1-2

Affected: IC 13-23

Sec. 1. (a) The owner and operator shall ensure the following:

(1) Releases due to spilling or overfilling do not occur.

(2) The volume available in the tank is greater than the volume of product to be transferred to the tank 

before the transfer is made.

(3) The transfer operation is monitored constantly to prevent overfilling and spilling.

(4) The transfer operation complies with the “Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, of the Indiana Fire 

Code under rules of the fire prevention and building safety commission at 675 IAC 22.

(b) The owner and operator shall report, investigate, and clean up any spills and overfills under 329 IAC 9-

4-4.

(c) Deliveries must be made through a drop tube that extends to within one (1) foot of the tank bottom. 

(Solid WasteManagement Board; 329 IAC 9-3.1-1; filed Jul 19, 1999, 12:00 p.m.: 22 IR 3704; filed Aug 

30, 2004, 9:35 a.m.: 28 IR 155) [28]
D-35

Iowa

[7]

“Overfill release” is a release that occurs when a tank is filled beyond its capacity, resulting in a discharge 

of the regulated substance to the environment.

[21-22]

[21]

135.1 “c”

c. Spill and overfill prevention equipment.

[22]

Ch 135 Environmental Protection[567] IAC 11/5/08

(1) Except as provided in subparagraph (2), to prevent spilling and overfilling associated with

product transfer to the UST system, owners and operators must use the following spill and overfill

prevention equipment:

1. Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment when the

transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin); and

2. Overfill prevention equipment that will:

Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent full; or

Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by restricting the flow into

the tank or triggering a high-level alarm; or

Restrict flow 30 minutes prior to overfilling, alert the operator with a high-level alarm one minute

before overfilling, or automatically shut off the flow into the tank so that none of the fittings located on

top of the tank are exposed to product due to overfilling.

(2) Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment

specified in subparagraph (1) if:

1. Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the department to be no less protective of

human health and the environment than the equipment specified in subparagraph (1)“1” or “2” of this

paragraph; or

2. The UST system is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time.
D-36

Kansas

Article 44 – Petroleum Products Storage Tank

Kansas Administrative Regulations 

Kansas Department of Health and Environment 28-44

[760]

28-44-24. Release reporting, investigation, and confirmation. 40 CFR 280.50, 280.51, 280.52, and 280.53 

as in effect on September 23, 1988 are adopted by reference except that 280.53(a)(1) shall read as follows:

‘‘(1) Spill or overfill of petroleum that results in a release above the surface of the ground which exceeds 

25 gallons, or that causes a sheen on nearby surface water; or any below ground release from an 

underground storage tank system regardless of the quantity.’’ (Authorized by and implementing K.S.A. 

1989 Supp. 65-34,105; effective

Nov. 26, 1990.)

Storage Tank Act

65-34, 102

Chapter 65 – Public Health

Article 44 – Petroleum Products Storage Tans

[no pages given]

K.A.R 28-44-16. Underground storage tank systems: design, construction, installation and notification. 

(a) 40 CFR 280.20, 280.21, and 280.22 as in effect on September 23, 1988 are adopted by reference.

...

(c) Spill and overfill prevention equipment. 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, to prevent spilling and overfilling associated with 

product transfer to the UST system, owners and operators must use the following spill and overfill 

prevention equipment: 

(i) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment when the transfer 

hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin); and 

(ii) Overfill prevention equipment that will: 

(A) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent full; or 

(B) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by restricting the flow into the 

tank or triggering a high-level alarm. 

(2) Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

paragraph (c)(1) of this section if: 

(i) Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the implementing agency to be no less protective of 

human health and the environment than the equipment specified in paragraph (c)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section; 

or 

(ii) The UST system is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time.
D-37

Kentucky

401 KAR 42:030. General operating requirements.

 RELATES TO: KRS 224.10, 224.60, 40 C.F.R. Part 280 Subpart C, 40 C.F.R. Part 281, 42 U.S.C. 

6991c

 STATUTORY AUTHORITY: KRS 224.10-100, 224.60-105, 40 C.F.R. Part 280 Subpart C, 40 C.F.R. 

Part 281, 42 U.S.C. 6991c

 NECESSITY, FUNCTION, AND CONFORMITY: KRS 224.10-100 requires the Environmental and 

Public Protection Cabinet to develop and conduct programs which provide for the prevention, abatement, 

and control of contaminants which may threaten the environment. KRS 224.60-105 requires the cabinet to 

regulate underground storage tanks by requiring registration, minimum construction and performance 

standards, leak detection, recordkeeping, reporting UST system releases, corrective actions, closure, 

financial responsibility, and other requirements to protect public health and the environment. KRS 224.60-

105(3) requires the cabinet to establish a regulatory program which implements federal requirements for 

underground storage tanks and to promulgate administrative regulations for underground storage tanks 

which shall be submitted for approval to the United States Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to 

federal regulations. 401 KAR Chapter 42 identifies requirements for underground storage tanks. This 

administrative regulation establishes requirements for spill and overfill control, operation and maintenance 

of corrosion protection, compatibility, repairs, and reporting and recordkeeping.

 Section 1. Application of Federal Regulations. (1) The requirements for spill and overflow control, 

operation and maintenance of corrosion protection, compatibility, repairs, reporting and recordkeeping for 

underground storage tanks are governed by 40 C.F.R. Part 280, Subpart C and this administrative 

regulation.

 (2) The forms incorporated by reference in Section 4 of this administrative regulation shall be submitted 

to the cabinet within thirty (30) days of completion of cathodic protection system testing to document the 

results of the tests which are required by subsection (1) of this section.

 Section 4. Account Placement. (1) An owner or operator of a petroleum storage tank shall be eligible to 

receive reimbursement for corrective action costs and third-party claims, incurred on or after April 9, 1990, 

from the Financial Responsibility Account if the cabinet determines the petroleum storage tank owner or 

operator to have satisfied the following requirements:

...

 (d) Maintained overfill and spill prevention as required by 401 KAR 42:030 for those tanks in operation 

after December 22, 1998;
D-38

Louisiana

Title 33, Part XI, Section 303, Page 7, December 2006

3. Spill and Overfill Prevention Equipment

a. Except as provided in Subparagraph B.3.b of this Section, to prevent spilling and overfilling 

associated with product transfer to the UST system, owners and operators must use:

i. spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment when the 

transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin); and

ii. overfill prevention equipment that will:

(a). automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent full;

(b). alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by restricting the 

flow into the tank or triggering a high-level alarm; or

(c). restrict flow 30 minutes prior to overfilling, or alert the operator with a high-level alarm 

one minute before overfilling, or automatically shut off flow into the tank so that none of the fittings on top 

of the tank are exposed to product because of overfilling.

b. Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment 

specified in Subparagraph B.3.a of this Section if:

i. alternative equipment is used that the department determines is no less protective of human 

health and the environment than the equipment specified in Clause B.3.a.i or ii of this Section; or

ii. the UST system is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time.
D-39

Maine

Chapter 691: Rules for Underground Oil Storage Facilities

5. Regulation of Underground Oil Storage Facilities Used to Store Motor Fuels or Used in the Marketing 

and Distribution of Oil

B. Design and installations standards for new and replacement facilities

[23]

(3) Overfill and spill prevention equipment. Facility owners and operators shall take measures to 

prevent releases due to spilling or overfilling. New and replacement facilities must include:

(a) A liquid tight spill catchment basin of a minimum capacity of 15 gallons for each tank 

fill, which is sealed around the fill pipe and will collect any spillage during product 

delivery. When only the overfill bucket is retrofitted or replaced, the largest capacity 

catchment basin feasible from 5 to 15 gallons must be installed.

(b) Overfill prevention equipment that will:

(i) automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent full;

(ii) alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by restricting 

flow into the tank or triggering a high-level audible alarm (vent whistles are not 

considered a high-level alarm); or

(iii) restrict flow 30 minutes prior to overfilling, alert the operator with a high level alarm 

one-minute before overfilling or automatically shut off flow into the tank so that 

none of the fittings located on the top of the tank are exposed to product.

Vent float valves that restrict flow may not be used on a suction system or where pumpoff unloading is used.

(c) Sumps or pans of adequate dimensions must be located and installed under all product 

dispensers in such a manner as to collect all product leaks and 

[24]

discharges from dispenser piping and equipment to prevent oil reaching the environment.

(d) Bulk plants and other distribution facilities where oil is transferred to tank trucks or 

railroad tank cars must include a system to prevent oil spills and overfills from reaching 

the environment. Installation of a system to catch or direct the flow of loading area spills 

and overfills is required. Any such system must be able to handle at least an individual 

overfill or spill of 100 gallons, and must include one of the following:

(i) An impermeable curbed loading pad, a catchment basin, an underground oil 

storage tank or other containment system;

(ii) An oil water separator discharging to a public wastewater treatment facility or 

the waters of the State, licensed by the department pursuant to 38 MRSA, 

sections 413 and 543; or 

(iii) Other loading rack overfill containment approved by the commissioner.

Subsurface discharges of potentially oil contaminated stormwater is prohibited unless 

licensed by the Department in accordance with 38 M.R.S.A., sections 413 and 543 

[27]
D-40

C. Retrofitting requirements for existing facilities

[31]

(3) Overfill and spill prevention equipment must be retrofitted at all facilities constructed of 

fiberglass, cathodically protected steel or other noncorrosive materials approved by the 

commissioner in accordance with section 5(B) by December 22, 1998. 
D-41

Maryland

Title 26 Department of the Environment

Subtitle 10 Oil Pollution and Tank Management

Chapter 03 UST Systems: Design, Construction, Installation, Notification, and Inspection

... Authority: Environment Article, §§4-401—4-403, 4-405, 4-407, 4-408, 4-410, 4-411, 4-411.1, 

4-417, and 7-201 et seq., Annotated Code of Maryland 

.. [no pages given]

.. .03 Spill and Overfill Prevention Equipment. 

A. Except as provided in §B of this regulation, owners and operators shall use the following spill and 

overfill prevention equipment: 

(1) Spill prevention equipment that shall prevent release of a regulated substance into the environment 

when the transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe by use of a spill catchment basin: 

(a) That has a minimum capacity of 5 gallons; and 

(b) Is tested in a manner approved by the Department: 

(i) Within 30 days of installation; 

(ii) Upon repair; 

(iii) Within 180 days of January 26, 2005; and 

(iv) Annually thereafter; 

(2) Overfill prevention equipment that shall: 

(a) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is 95 percent full, 

(b) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is 90 percent full by restricting the flow into the tank or 

triggering a high level alarm, or 

(c) Alert the operator with an alarm 1 minute before overfilling; and 

(3) Containment sumps that shall: 

(a) Prevent release of a regulated substance into the environment; 

(b) Be used for all connections of piping from the tank to the dispenser; and 

(c) Be tested by a method approved by the Department: 

(i) Within 30 days of installation: 

(ii) Upon repair; 
D-42

(iii) Within 1 year of January 26, 2005; and 

(iv) Every 5 years thereafter. 

B. Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in this 

regulation if: 

(1) Alternative equipment or method is used that is determined by the Department to be no less protective 

of human health and the environment; or 

(2) Not more than 25 gallons of a regulated substance is transferred at one time to the UST system. 

C. New, replacement, or upgraded UST systems which receive used oil shall be equipped with spill 

catchment basins with a minimum capacity of 5 gallons. 

D. On July 1, 1998, new or complete replacement UST systems, which utilize vapor recovery, shall be 

equipped to prevent the release of product from the vapor recovery fitting by: 

(1) Installing at the stage one fitting a spill catchment basin with a minimum capacity of 5 gallons; or 

(2) Utilizing a method that the owner and operator can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Department to 

be as effective as a spill catchment basin. 
D-43

Massachusetts

527 CMR: Board of Fire Prevention Regulations

9.05: Underground Storage Tanks

(A) Design and Construction of New or Replacement Underground Storage Tanks

[pages not given]

(7) All new and replacement tank installations shall be equipped with a spill containment manhole with a 

minimum capacity of three gallons, capable of returning product to the tank.

(8) All new and replacement tank installations shall be equipped with an overfill prevention device. The 

device shall be designed so as not to preclude the ability to perform a tightness test on the tank and piping. 

The following options are acceptable:

(a) A device which shall automatically shut flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95% full

(b) A device which shall alert the individual delivering product when the tank is no more than90% full by 

restricting the flow into the tank or triggering a high-level alarm

(c) A device which shall alert the individual delivering product to the tank by restricting the flow into the 

tank 30 minutes prior to overfilling

(G) Upgrading of Existing Underground Storage Tank Systems

An overfill device shall be designed so as not to preclude the ability to perform a tightness test on the tank 

and piping. The following options are acceptable:

(a) A device which shall automatically shut flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95% full

(b) A device which shall alert the individual delivering product when the tank is no more than90% full by 

restricting the flow into the tank or triggering a high-level alarm
D-44

Michigan

Subpart B. UST Systems: Design, Construction, Installation, and Notification

[1]

R 29.2101 Adoption of standards by reference.

Rule 1. The provisions of 40 C.F.R. part 280, subparts A to H, (1988), entitled "Technical Standards and 

Corrective Action Requirements for Owners and Operators of Underground Storage Tanks," as amended by 

54 F.R. November 9, 1989, pages 47081 to 47092, and as amended by 58 F.R. February 18, 1993, pages 

9050 to 9059, are adopted by reference in these rules. Copies of the adopted regulations may be obtained 

from the Department of Environmental Quality, Storage Tank Division, P.O. Box 30157, Lansing, 

Michigan 48909-7657, or from the United States Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street S.W., 

Washington, DC 20460. As of the time of adoption of these rules, the adopted

regulations may be obtained without cost.

[9]

(c) The following provisions apply to spill and overfill prevention equipment: (1) Except as provided in 

subdivision (2) of this subsection, to prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product transfer to the

UST system, owners and operators shall use the following spill and overfill prevention equipment:

[10]

(i) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent the release of product to the environment when the transfer 

hose is detached from the fill pipe, for example, a spill catchment basin.

(ii) Overfill prevention equipment for tanks that have a capacity of 4,000 gallons or less shall do 1 of the 

following:

(A) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is not more than 95% full.

(B) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is not more than 90% full by restricting the flow into the tank 

or by triggering a high-level alarm. For suction pump systems, a pressure regulator valve or other suitable 

device shall be installed in the suction piping if the flow restrictor causes a pressure buildup in the tank 

when activated.

(iii) Overfill prevention equipment for tanks that have a capacity of more than 4,000 gallon shall do 1 of the 

following:

(A) Restrict the flow from the delivery truck into the tank 30 minutes before overfill.

(B) Sound an audible alarm 1 minute before overfill.

(C) Automatically shut off the flow into the tank not less than 30 seconds before overfill.

(2) Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

subdivision (1) of this subsection if alternative equipment is used that is determined by the department to be 

at least as protective of human health and the environment as the equipment specified in subdivision (1)(i) 

or (ii) of this subsection.
D-45

Minnesota

Underground Storage Tanks; Program 7150.0100

[11]

Subp. 11. Spill and overfill release prevention.

A. Owners and operators must ensure that releases due to spilling or overfilling do not occur. The owner or 

operator must ensure that the volume available in the tank is greater than the volume of product to be 

transferred to the tank before the transfer is made and that the transfer operation is monitored constantly to 

prevent overfilling and spilling. One of the following codes of practice developed by a nationally 

recognized association or independent testing laboratory must be used to comply with this subpart. The 

codes are incorporated by reference under part 7150.0500:

(1) National Fire Protection Association, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, NFPA 30 (2003);

(2) National Fire Protection Association, Standard for Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible 

Liquids, NFPA 385 (2007); or

(3) American Petroleum Institute, Bulk Liquid Stock Control at Retail Outlets, API 1621 (1987).

B. The owner and operator must report, investigate, and clean up any spills and overfills according to 

Minnesota Statutes, section 115.061.

Underground Storage Tanks; Program 7150.0205

[16]

Subp. 5. Spill and overfill prevention equipment.

A. Except as provided in item B, to prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product transfer to the 

underground storage tank system, owners and operators must use the following spill and overfill prevention 

equipment:

(1) spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment when the transfer 

hose is detached from the fill pipe, for example, a spill catchment basin; and

(2) overfill prevention equipment that will:

(a) automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent full; or

(b) alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by restricting the flow into the 

tank or triggering a high-level alarm audible to the transfer operator.

[17] 

B. Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

item A if:

(1) alternative equipment is used that is determined by the commissioner to be no less protective of human 

health and the environment than the equipment specified in item A; or

(2) the underground storage tank system is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time.

The commissioner's determination under subitem (1) must be obtained in writing and the tank owners and 

operators must keep the determination for the life of the tank.

[27]

7150.0450 REPORTING AND RECORD KEEPING.

Subp. 2. Reporting.

C. reports of all releases under Minnesota Statutes, section 115.061, including suspected releases, spills and 

overfills, and confirmed releases;
D-46

Mississippi

[16]

§280.20 Performance standards for new UST systems. 

[18]

(c) Spill prevention equipment. Except as provided in §280.20(e)(2), to prevent spilling associated with 

product transfer to the UST system, owners and operators must use spill prevention equipment that will, for 

the operational life of the spill prevention equipment: 

(1) Prevent the release of product to the environment when the transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe 

(for example, a spill catchment basin); and

(2) Prevent the release of any product to the environment that may leak from the transfer hose/tank 

connection during the product transfer; and

(3) Be compatible with the substances stored and external soil/fluids.

(d) Overfill prevention equipment. Except as provided in §280.20(e)(2), to prevent overfilling of the tank 

during product transfer to the UST system, owners and operators must use overfill prevention equipment 

that is accessible for inspection, compatible with the substances stored and will, for the operational life of 

the overfill prevention equipment, meet one of the following:

(1) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent full; or

(2) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by restricting the flow into the 

tank or triggering a high-level alarm; or

(3) Restrict flow 30 minutes prior to overfilling, alert the operator with a high level alarm one minute 

before overfilling, or automatically shut off flow into the tank so that none of the fittings located on top of 

the tank are exposed to product due to overfilling.

[22]

Subpart C—General Operating Requirements

§ 280.30 Operation and maintenance of spill and overfill prevention equipment.

[23]

(a) Owners and operators must ensure that releases due to spilling or overfilling do not occur. The owner 

and operator must ensure that the volume available in the tank is greater than the volume of product to be 

transferred to the tank before the transfer is made and that the transfer operation is monitored constantly to 

prevent overfilling and spilling. Prior to receiving a delivery, owners and operators must ensure that the 

spill prevention equipment is free of any fluids or debris and the full volume of the spill containment device 

is available to contain any spills that may occur during the delivery. After completion of the delivery, 

owners and operators must ensure that the spill prevention equipment is emptied of any regulated 

substances that may have accumulated during the delivery operation.

(b) The owner and operator must report, investigate, and clean up any spills and overfills in accordance 

with §280.53.

(c) The integrity of all spill prevention equipment that is not continuously monitored must be tested in 

accordance with the following requirements:

(1) Frequency.

(i) Spill prevention equipment installed on or after October 1, 2008, must be tested after installation and 

before the UST system receives any delivery of regulated substances and at least once every 12 months 

thereafter. 

(ii) Spill prevention equipment installed before October 1, 2008, must be tested by October 1, 2009, and at 

least once every 12 months thereafter.

(iii) Spill prevention equipment must be tested whenever it is suspected, by visual evidence or other means, 

that the integrity of the spill prevention equipment may be in question. 

(2) Criteria. All spill prevention equipment integrity testing must be conducted in accordance with the 

manufacturer’s specifications and any applicable code of practice listed in §280.13.
D-47

Note: In the absence of manufacturer’s specifications or an applicable industry code or recommended 

practice, the inspection may be accomplished by filling the spill containment with water or other suitable 

liquid and checking to ensure that no more than one-eighth inch of liquid is lost over a one (1) hour period. 

Alternative test methods may be utilized only if recognized by the MDEQ as no less protective of human 

health and the environment at those test methods listed above.

(3) Records. A written record documenting the integrity testing of spill containment equipment must be 

maintained (in accordance with §280.35) to demonstrate compliance with this section. These records must 

provide the results of the last two (2) tests required in this section.

[24]

(d) Overfill prevention equipment (including any tight-fill adapters that may be in use) must be inspected 

and proper operation ensured in accordance with the following requirements: 

(1) Frequency.

(i) Overfill prevention equipment installed on or after October 1, 2008, must be inspected for proper 

operation after installation and before the UST system receives any delivery of regulated substances and at 

least once every 12 months thereafter.

(ii) Overfill prevention equipment installed before October 1, 2008, must be inspected for proper operation 

by October 1, 2009, and at least once every 12 months thereafter.

(iii) Overfill prevention equipment must be inspected whenever it is suspected, by visual evidence or other 

means, that the proper operation of the overfill prevention equipment may be in question.

(2) Criteria. At a minimum, the inspection must ensure that the overfill prevention equipment:

(i) Is properly installed; and

(ii) Is properly functioning in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications and any applicable code of 

practice listed in §280.13.

Note: In the absence of manufacturer’s specifications or an applicable industry code or recommended 

practice, the inspection may be accomplished by removal of the equipment from the tank, visual 

examination and confirmation that the overfill device is installed at the correct height within the tank.

(3) Records. A written record documenting the inspection of the overfill prevention equipment must be 

maintained (in accordance with §280.35) to demonstrate compliance with this section. These records must 

provide the results of the last two (2) inspections required in this section.

[43]

§ 280.53 Reporting and cleanup of spills and overfills.

[44]

(a) Owners and operators of UST systems must contain and immediately clean up a spill or overfill and 

report to the MDEQ within 24 hours, or another reasonable time period specified by the MDEQ, and begin 

corrective action in accordance with subpart F in the following cases: 

(1) Spill or overfill of petroleum that results in a release to the environment that exceeds 25 gallons or 

another reasonable amount specified by the MDEQ, or that causes a sheen on nearby surface water; and

(2) Spill or overfill of a hazardous substance that results in a release to the environment that equals or 

exceeds its reportable quantity under CERCLA (40 CFR part 302).

(b) Owners and operators of UST systems must contain and immediately clean up a spill or overfill of 

petroleum that is less than 25 gallons or another reasonable amount specified by the MDEQ, and a spill or 

overfill of a hazardous substance that is less than the reportable quantity. If cleanup cannot be 

accomplished within 24 hours, or another reasonable time period established by the MDEQ, owners and 

operators must immediately notify the MDEQ.

Note: Pursuant to §§302.6 and 355.40, a release of a hazardous substance equal to or in excess of its 

reportable quantity must also be reported immediately (rather than within 24 hours) to the National 

Response Center under sections 102 and 103 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, 

Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 and to appropriate state and local authorities under Title III of the 

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986.
D-48

Missouri

[5]

(C) Spill and Overfill Prevention Equipment.

[6]

Chapter 10—Underground Storage Tanks—Technical Regulations 10 CSR 20-10

1. Except as provided in paragraph (1)(C)2. of this rule, to prevent spilling and

overfilling associated with product transfer to the UST system, owners and operators must

use the following spill and overfill prevention equipment:

A. Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment when the transfer 

hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin); and

B. Overfill prevention equipment that will—

(I) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than ninety-five percent (95%) full;

(II) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than ninety percent (90%) full by restricting the 

flow into the tank or triggering a high-level alarm; or

(III) Restrict flow thirty (30) minutes prior to overfilling, alert the operator with a high level alarm one (1) 

minute before overfilling or automatically shut off flow into the tank so that none of the fittings located on

top of the tank are exposed to product due to overfilling.

2. Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

paragraph (1)(C)1. of this rule if—

A. Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the department to be no less protective of human 

health and the environment than the equipment specified in subparagraph (1)(C)1.A. or B. of this rule; or

B. The UST system is filled by transfers of no more than twenty-five (25) gallons at one time;

[7]

10 CSR 20-10.030 Spill and Overfill Control

PURPOSE: This rule is designed to prevent releases during routine filling of the underground storage tank 

with product. Editor’s Note: The secretary of state has determined that the publication of this rule in

its entirety would be unduly cumbersome or expensive. The entire text of the material referenced has been 

filed with the secretary of state. This material may be found at the Office of the Secretary of State or at the 

headquarters of the agency and is available to any interested person at a cost established by state law.

[8]

(1) Owners and operators must ensure that releases due to spilling or overfilling do not occur. The owner 

and operator must ensure that the volume available in the tank is greater than the volume of product to be 

transferred to the tank before the transfer is made and that the transfer operation is monitored constantly

to prevent overfilling and spilling. 

(2) The owner and operator must report, investigate and cleanup any spills and overfills in accordance with 

10 CSR 20-10.053.

(3) Guidance on spill and overfill prevention appears in the—

(A) American Petroleum Institute Publication 1621, Recommended Practice for Bulk Liquid Stock Control 

at Retail Outlets; and

(B) National Fire Protection Association Standard 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code.

AUTHORITY: sections 319.105, RSMo Supp. 1989 and 644.041, RSMo 1986.* Original rule filed April 2, 

1990, effective Sept. 28, 1990. *Original authority: 319.105, RSMo 1989 and 644.041, RSMo 1972, 

amended 1973.

[14]

10 CSR 20-10.053 Reporting and Cleanup of Spills and Overfills

PURPOSE: This rule describes the steps for reporting and cleanup of spills. Editor’s Note: The secretary 

of state has determined that the publication of this rule in its entirety would be unduly cumbersome or

expensive. The entire text of the material referenced has been filed with the secretary of state. This material 

may be found at the Office of the Secretary of State or at the headquarters of the agency and is available to 

any interested person at a cost established by state law.
D-49

(1) Owners and operators of underground storage tank (UST) systems must contain and immediately 

cleanup a spill or overfill. The spill or overfill must be reported to the department within twenty-four (24) 

hours. Owners and operators must begin corrective action in accordance with 10 CSR 20-10.060—10 CSR 

20-10.067 in the following cases:

(A) Spill or overfill of petroleum that results in a release to the environment that exceeds twenty-five (25) 

gallons or that causes a sheen on nearby surface water; and

(B) Spill or overfill of a hazardous substance that results in a release to the environment that equals or 

exceeds its reportable quantity under Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability 

Act of 1980 (CERCLA) (40 CFR 302).
D-50

Montana

17.56.201 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR NEW UST 

SYSTEMS 

(1) In order to prevent releases due to structural failure, corrosion, or spills and overfills for as long as the 

UST system is used to store regulated substances, all owners and operators of new UST systems shall meet 

the following requirements:

(c) To prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product transfer to the UST system, owners and 

operators must use the following spill and overfill prevention equipment: 

(i) spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment when the transfer 

hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin); and 

(ii) overfill prevention equipment that will: 

(A) automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95% full; or 

(B) alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90% full by restricting the flow into the tank or 

triggering a high-level alarm. 

17.56.201 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY – UPGRADING OF EXISTING UST SYSTEMS

(4) To prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product transfer to the UST system, all existing UST 

systems must comply with new UST system spill and overfill prevention equipment requirements specified

in ARM 17.56.201(1)(c). 

UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS 17.56.301 

PETROLEUM AND CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 

Subchapter 3 

General Operating Requirements 

17.56.301 SPILL AND OVERFILL CONTROL (1) Owners and operators shall ensure that releases due to 

spilling or overfilling do not occur. The owner and operator shall ensure that the volume available in the 

tank is greater than the volume of product to be transferred to the tank before the transfer is made and that 

the transfer operation is monitored constantly to prevent overfilling and spilling. The transfer procedures 

described in National Fire Protection Association Standard 385, "Standard for Tank Vehicles for 

Flammable and Combustible Liquids," must be used to comply with this section. Further guidance on spill 

and overfill prevention appears in American Petroleum Institute Publication 1621, "Recommended Practice 

for Bulk Liquid Stock Control at Retail Outlets," and National Fire Protection Association Standard 30, 

"Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." 

(2) The owner and operator shall report, investigate, and clean up any spills and overfills in accordance 

with ARM 17.56.505. 

(3) The department adopts and incorporates by reference the version in effect on July 1, 2006, of the 

following standards and publications: 

(a) National Fire Protection Association Standard 385, "Standard for Tank Vehicles for Flammable and 

Combustible Liquids," which applies to tank vehicles to be used for the transportation of normally stable 

flammable and combustible liquids with a flash point below 200oF (93.4oC). Standard 385 provides 

minimum requirements for the design and construction of cargo tanks and their appurtenances. A copy may 

be obtained from National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269, (800) 344-

3555; 

(b) American Petroleum Institute Publication 1621, "Recommended Practice for Bulk Liquid Stock Control 

at Retail Outlets," which sets forth transferring and dispensing practices for flammable and combustible 

liquids, a copy of which may be obtained from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, 

M/S C303B, Englewood, CO 80112-5776, (303) 397-7956; and 

(c) National Fire Protection Association Standard 30, "Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code," which 

sets forth transferring and dispensing practices for flammable and combustible liquids, a copy of which 

may be obtained from National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269, (800) 

344-3555. (History: 75-11-505, MCA; IMP, 75-11-505, MCA; NEW, 1989 MAR p. 1912, Eff. 11/23/89; 

TRANS, from DHES, 1995 MAR p. 2259; AMD, 2003 MAR p. 1079, Eff. 5/23/03; AMD, 2007 MAR p. 

1189, Eff. 8/24/07.) 

ADMINISTRATIVE RULES OF MONTANA 9/30/07 17-6075 
D-51

Nebraska

Chapter 4 – Design and Installation Standards for New UST Systems

[23]

004.08. Owners and operators must use the following spill and overfill prevention equipment: 

004.08A. Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment when the 

transfer hose is detached 

[24]

from the fill pipe. If a spill catchment basin is used to meet this requirement it must be capable of holding 

three gallons of product; and 

004.08B. Overfill prevention equipment that will: 

004.08B1. Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent full; or 

004.08B2. Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by restricting the flow 

into the tank or triggering a high-level alarm; or 

004.08B3. Restrict flow 30 minutes prior to overfilling, alert the operator with a high level alarm one 

minute before overfilling, or automatically shut off flow into the tank so that none of the fittings located on 

top of the tank are exposed to product due to overfilling. 

004.08B4. Due to the fact that vent restriction devices referred to as “float-vent valves” or “ball-float 

valves” increase the risk of tank over-pressurization, these devices shall not be installed on any UST after 

the effective date of these regulations. 

004.09. Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified 

in §004.08A if: 

004.09A. Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the State Fire Marshal to be no less protective 

of human health and the environment as the equipment specified in §004.08A and 004.08B above; or 

004.09B. The UST system is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at a time.

[30]

004. SPILL AND OVERFILL PREVENTION EQUIPMENT. 

To prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product transfer to the UST system, all existing UST 

systems must comply with new UST system spill and overfill prevention equipment requirements specified 

in §004.07 in Chapter 4. 

[31]

Chapter 6 - GENERAL OPERATING REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING UST SYSTEMS 

001. SPILL AND OVERFILL CONTROL. 

001.01. Owners and operators must ensure that releases due to spilling or overfilling do not occur. The 

owner and operator must ensure that the volume available in the tank is greater than the volume of product 

to be transferred to the tank before the transfer is made and that the transfer operation is monitored 

constantly to prevent overfilling and spilling. 

[Note: The transfer procedures described in National Fire Protection Association Publication 385 may be 

used to comply with §001.01 above. Further guidance on spill and overfill prevention appears in American 

Petroleum Institute Publication 1621, "Recommended Practice for Bulk Liquid Stock Control at Retail 

Outlets," and National Fire Protection Association Standard 30, "Flammable and Combustible Liquids 

Code."] 

001.02. The owner and operator must report, investigate, and clean up any spills and overfills in accordance 

with §004 in Chapter 8.

[51]

Chapter 8 - REPORTING OF RELEASES AND SUSPECTED RELEASES

[53]

004. REPORTING AND CLEANUP OF SPILLS AND OVERFILLS. 

004.01. Owners and operators of UST systems must contain and immediately clean up a spill or overfill 

and immediately report to the State Fire Marshal and Department of Environmental Quality and begin 

corrective action in accordance with Department of Environmental Quality regulations in the following 

cases: 

004.01A. Spill or overfill of petroleum that results in a release to the environment that exceeds 25 gallons 

or that causes a sheen on nearby surface water; and 
D-52

004.01B. Spill or overfill of a hazardous substance that results in a release to the environment that equals or 

exceeds its reportable quantity under CERCLA (40 CFR 302).
D-53

Nevada

http://ndep.nv.gov/BCA/ust_reg.htm

.. UST Regulations

Nevada has adopted 40CFR280, the Federal UST Regulations. A summary of these regulations and good 

UST operating practices is available on US EPA's website: See U.S EPA publications Musts for USTs –

and – Operating and Maintaining Underground Storage Tank Systems
D-54

New Hampshire

[10]

Env-Wm 1401.11 Inventory Monitoring.

(j) Operators of on-premise-use heating oil single wall underground storage tanks that are not exempt 

under Env-Wm 1401.02(b) or emergency generator single wall underground storage tanks shall perform 

inventory monitoring by annual tank gauging in accordance with the following requirements: 

(1) The tank shall be filled to the maximum level allowed by the primary overfill prevention device;

[12]

Env-Wm 1401.12 Regulated Substance Transfers.

(c) No transfer shall be made to a tank that is not equipped with spill and overfill protection devices, as 

required by Env-Wm 1401.25.

[21]

Env-Wm 1401.25 Spill Containment and Overfill Protection. 

(a) All underground storage tanks shall be equipped with spill containment and overfill protection devices.

[22]

(b) Liquid-tight spill containment equipment shall prevent the release of product to the environment when a 

transfer hose is detached from a fill or transfer pipe. 

(c) All spill containment equipment installed on an existing or new underground storage tank system shall: 

(1) Have a minimum liquid capacity of 5 gallons; 

(2) Be installed to prevent product from entering the backfill surrounding the spill containment equipment; 

and 

(3) Be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements and be maintained in good working 

order to perform their original design function. 

(d) Spill containment equipment shall be maintained free of liquid and debris. 

(e) Spill containment equipment installed with drain valves on underground storage tank systems that store 

gasoline shall have the valve replaced annually or permanently sealed. 

(f) All spill containment equipment shall be maintained to be liquid tight and be tested for tightness at 

installation using the manufacturer’s requirements or nationally recognized industry codes of practice. The 

person performing the test shall certify and submit the passing test results to the owner within 30 days of 

the test. 

(g) A primary overfill protection device shall be installed to restrict or stop the flow of a regulated 

substance during a delivery before the tank reaches full capacity so that none of the fittings located on the 

top of the tank are exposed to the regulated substance due to overfilling. 

(h) The primary overfill protection device installed on an existing or new underground storage tank system: 

(1) Shall alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90% full by restricting the flow into the 

tank or by triggering a high level visual and audible alarm; or 

(2) When gravity filling a tank, shall alert the transfer operator 30 minutes prior to overfilling by restricting 

flow to an ultimate rate of 5 gallons per minute; or 

(3) Shall automatically and completely shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95% full. 

(i) All new and replacement overfill protection devices shall be installed to allow access for inspection of 

proper operation. 

(j) All new underground storage tank systems utilizing suction piping and an air eliminator shall be 

equipped with a high level visual and audible alarm or with a device that shall automatically and 

completely shut off flow into the tank, as specified in (h) above. Within one year of the 2005 effective date 

of these rules, existing underground storage tank systems shall comply with this rule. 

(k) All new high level alarms shall have both visual and audible alarms and shall be clearly labeled as a 

tank overfill alarm. The alarm shall be clearly visible and audible to the transfer operator. 

(l) When product is pumped to a new underground storage tank system, the system shall only be equipped 

with a high level visual and audible overfill alarm. Within one year of the 2005 effective date of these rules, 

existing underground storage tank systems shall comply with this rule. 
D-55

[23]

(m) All new underground storage tank systems that receive a delivery without a tight fill connection shall 

only be equipped with a high level visual and audible overfill alarm. Within one year of the 2005 effective 

date of these rules, existing underground storage tank systems shall comply with this rule. 

(n) All gauges, alarms, or automatic or mechanical devices associated with overfill protection shall be 

compatible with the delivery procedures and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements 

and maintained in good working order to perform their original design function. 

Source. #6499, eff 4-24-97; ss by #8281, eff 2-3-05
D-56

New Jersey

[29]

SUBCHAPTER 4. UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK SYSTEMS: DESIGN,

CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION

7:14B-4.1 Performance standards for new underground storage tank systems 

(a) Owners and operators of underground storage tank systems which are installed on or after September 4, 

1990 shall obtain a permit in accordance with N.J.A.C. 7:14B-10 before installation and ensure that the 

systems meet the following requirements:

[31]

3. Except as provided in (a)3iii below, to prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product transfer to 

the underground storage tank system, owners and operators shall use the following spill and overfill 

prevention equipment:

i. Spill prevention equipment that shall prevent release of product to the environment when the transfer 

hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin); and

ii. Overfill prevention equipment that shall:

(1) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent full;

(2) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by restricting the flow into the 

tank or triggering a high-level alarm; or

(3) Restrict flow 30 minutes prior to overfilling, alert the operator with a high level alarm one minute 

before overfilling, or automatically shut off flow into the tank so that none of the fittings located on top of 

the tank are exposed to product due to overfilling.

iii. Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

(a)3i and ii above if:

(1) A permit is issued in accordance with N.J.A.C. 7:14B-10 for the use of alternative equipment that is 

determined by the Department to be no less protective of human health and the environment than the 

equipment specified in (a)3i or ii above; or

(2) The underground storage tank system is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time.

[35]

7:14B-4.2 Upgrading of existing underground storage tank systems

[36]

(d) To prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product transfer to the underground storage tank 

system, all existing underground storage tank systems shall be upgraded to comply with new underground 

storage tank system spill and overfill prevention equipment requirements specified in N.J.A.C. 7:14B4.1(a)3.

[38]

SUBCHAPTER 5. GENERAL OPERATING REQUIREMENTS

7:14B-5.1 Spill and overfill control

(a) The owner or operator of an underground storage tank system shall ensure the following:

1. There shall be no release of hazardous substance due to spills or overfills at an underground storage tank 

facility;

2. The available volume in an underground storage tank shall always be greater than the volume of 

hazardous substance being transferred to the tank; and 

3. The transfer operation is monitored constantly to avoid spilling and overfilling. 

(b) The transfer procedures described in National Fire Protection Association Publication 385, and 

American Petroleum Institute Publication 1621, "Recommended Practice for Bulk Liquid Stock Control at 

Retail Outlets," and National Fire Protection Association Standard 30, "Flammable and Combustible 

Liquids Code," incorporated herein by reference, as amended and supplemented, shall be used to comply 

with (a)1 and 2 above.
D-57

(c) The owner and operator shall report, investigate, and remediate any spills and overfills in accordance 

with N.J.A.C. 7:14B-8.

(d) In order to ensure proper operation of spill containment equipment, the owner and

operator shall:

1. Keep spill catchment basins, dispenser sumps and piping sumps clean of product, water and debris;

2. Visually inspect spill catchment basins before every delivery and visually inspect spill catchment basins, 

dispenser sumps and piping sumps once every 30 days, and properly dispose of any accumulation of debris 

and liquid collected. The visual inspection shall include a check for evidence of cracks, holes, loose fittings 

or any other deficiency which may compromise the integrity of the spill containment equipment.

3. Ensure deficient equipment is repaired or replaced. Repairs and installation of new equipment shall be in 

compliance with N.J.A.C. 7:14B-4.1(a)3i, 4.1 (n), 4.2(d), and 5.4; and

4. Not accept product delivery to any tank if the spill catchment basin contains product, water or debris.
D-58

New Mexico

[no pages given]

20.5.4.13 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR EXISTING UST SYSTEMS:

D. Spill and overfill prevention equipment. Owners and operators shall comply with the 

spill and overfill prevention requirements in 20.5.4.33 NMAC.

[20.5.4.13 NMAC - Rp, 20.5.4.400 NMAC, 04/04/2008]

20.5.4.33 SPILL AND OVERFILL PREVENTION:

A. Except as provided in Subsection B of this section, to prevent spilling and overfilling 

associated with transfers of regulated substances to storage tank systems, owners and operators shall use 

the following spill and overfill prevention equipment as of August 15, 2004, for ASTs and as of December 

22, 1998, for USTs:

 (1) spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of regulated substances to the 

environment when the transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin); 

and

 (2) overfill prevention equipment for USTs that will:

 (a) automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent 

full; or

 (b) alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by 

restricting the flow into the tank or triggering a high-level audible alarm;

 (3) overfill prevention equipment for ASTs that will:

 (a) automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent 

full; or

 (b) alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by 

restricting the flow into the tank or triggering a high-level audible and visual alarm.

B. Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment 

specified in Subsection A of this section if approved in writing in advance by the department where:

 (1) alternative equipment is used that is determined by the department to be no less 

protective of public health, safety and welfare and the environment than the equipment specified in 

Paragraphs (1), (2) or (3) of Subsection A of this section; or

 (2) the storage tank system is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time;

C. Owners and operators are not required to install and operate spill and overfill prevention 

equipment required in Paragraph (1) of Subsection A of this section for any AST system where the fill port 

is located within a secondary containment system meeting the requirements of 20.5.4.27 NMAC and 

20.5.4.29 NMAC.

D. Owners and operators shall install any AST for a marina with a system that will allow the 

level of regulated substance in the AST to be monitored during a delivery of fuel to the AST in addition to 

spill catchment basins. Unless the AST system is equipped with an audible overfill alarm that will alert the 

transfer operator at 90 percent of capacity, and overfill protection which will shut off flow of product 

during a fuel delivery to the tank at 95 percent, owners and operators shall visually monitor the delivery of 

fuel.

[20.5.4.33 NMAC - Rp, 20.5.4.402 NMAC, 04/04/2008]

20.5.5.14 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SPILL AND OVERFILL PREVENTION:

A. Owners and operators shall ensure that releases due to spilling or overfilling do not occur. 

Owners and operators shall ensure that all spill and overfill equipment required in 20.5.4.33 NMAC is 

properly maintained and fully operational at all times. Owners and operators shall ensure that the volume 

available in a tank is greater than the volume of product to be transferred to the tank before the transfer is 

made and that the transfer operation is monitored constantly to prevent overfilling and spilling. Owners 

and operators shall comply with the transfer procedures described in the current edition of an industry 

standard or code of practice developed by a nationally recognized association or independent testing 

laboratory approved in advance by the department. The following may be used to comply with this 

requirement:
D-59

 (1) national fire protection association standard 385, “standard for tank vehicles for 

flammable and combustible liquids;”

 (2) American petroleum institute publication RP 1621, “bulk liquid stock control at retail 

outlets;"

 (3) national fire protection association 30, "flammable and combustible liquids code;"

 (4) national fire protection association 30A, “code for motor fuel dispensing facilities and 

repair garages;”

 (5) petroleum equipment institute publication RP200, “recommended practices for 

installation of above ground storage systems for motor vehicle fueling;” or

 (6) international code council, "international fire code."

B. Owners and operators shall report, investigate, and clean up any spills and overfills in 

accordance with 20.5.7 NMAC.

[20.5.5.14 NMAC - Rp, 20.5.5.500 NMAC, 04/04/2008]

20.5.7.704 CLEANUP OF SPILLS AND OVERFILLS:

A. Owners and operators of storage tank systems shall contain and immediately clean up a 

spill or overfill, and report to the department within 24 hours in accordance with 20.5.7.700 NMAC except 

as provided in Subsection C of 20.5.7.704 NMAC, and begin corrective action in accordance with 20.5.12 

and 13 NMAC in the following cases:

 (1) spill or overfill of petroleum that results in a release to the environment that exceeds 25 

gallons, that causes a sheen on nearby surface water, or that creates a vapor hazard pursuant to 

20.5.12.1204 NMAC; and

 (2) spill or overfill of a hazardous substance that results in a release to the environment that 

equals or exceeds its reportable quantity under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, 

Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) 40 CFR 302.

B. Owners and operators of storage tank systems shall contain and immediately clean up a 

spill or overfill of petroleum that is less than 25 gallons, and a spill or overfill of a hazardous substance that 

is less than the reportable quantity. Owners and operators shall notify the department if cleanup cannot be 

accomplished within 24 hours, or another reasonable time period which has been established by the 

department.

C. Pursuant to 40 CFR sections 302.7 and 355.40, a release of a hazardous substance equal 

to or in excess of its reportable quantity shall also be reported immediately to the National Response Center 

under sections 102 and 103 of CERCLA and to appropriate state and local authorities under Title III of the 

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986.

[20.5.7.704 NMAC - Rp, 20 NMAC.5.7.704, 8/15/03]
D-60

New York

§613.3 Overfill prevention and secondary containment systems

(a) Responsibility for transfer. The operator, when on the premises or when in control of a petroleum

transfer, shall be responsible for transfer activities. If the operator is not on the premises or not in control of 

a petroleum transfer, the carrier will be responsible for transfer activities. The operator or carrier must 

employ practices for preventing transfer spills and accidental discharges. Prior to the transfer, the operator 

or carrier must determine that the receiving tank has available capacity to receive the volume of petroleum 

to be transferred. The operator or carrier must monitor every aspect of the delivery and must take 

immediate action to stop the flow of petroleum when the working capacity of the tank has been reached or 

should an equipment failure or emergency occur.

(b) Color coding of fill ports.

(1) Beginning five (5) years from the effective date of these regulations, the owner or operator must 

permanently mark all fill ports to identify the product inside the tank. These markings must be consistent 

with the color and symbol code of the American Petroleum Institute which follows.

(2) The colors to be used are:

(i) High gasoline Red 

(ii) Middle gasoline Blue 

(iii) Lower gasoline White 

(iv) High unleaded gasoline Red w/white cross 

(v) Middle unleaded gasoline Blue w/white cross 

(vi) Lower unleaded gasoline White w/black cross 

(vii) Vapor recovery Orange 

(viii) Diesel Yellow

(ix) #1 fuel oil Purple w/yellow bar 

(x) #2 fuel oil Green 

(xi) Kerosene Brown 

(3) The symbols to be used are:

(i) a circle for gasoline products and vapor recovery lines;

(ii) hexagon for other distillates; and

(iii) a border must be painted around fuel products containing extenders such as alcohol. The border will be 

black around a white symbol and white around all other colors.

(4) Monitoring wells must be permanently marked and identified as a "monitoring well".

(c) Requirements for valves, gauges and secondary containment systems. Within five (5) years of the 

effective date of these regulations, the owner must install the following.

(1) Shutoff valves for remote pumping units at motor fuel dispensers. All dispensers of motor fuel under 

pressure from a remote pumping system must be equipped with a shear valve (impact valve) which is 

located in the supply line at the inlet of the dispenser. This valve must be designed to close automatically in 

the event that the dispenser is accidentally dislodged from the inlet pipe. A valve meeting the standards set 

forth in NFPA No. 30A, section 4-3.6 (see subdivision 613.1(g)) meets the requirements of this 

subdivision.

(2) Shutoff valves for gravity-fed motor fuel dispensers. All tanks which cause a gravity head on a 

dispenser of motor fuels must be equipped with a device such as a solenoid valve which is positioned 

adjacent to and downstream from the operating valve required in paragraph 613.3(c)(5). The valve must be 

installed and adjusted so that liquid cannot flow by gravity from the tank in case of piping or dispenser hose 
D-61

failure. A valve meeting the standards set forth in NFPA 30A, section 2-1.7 (see subdivision 613.1(g)) 

meets the requirements of this subdivision.

(3) Gauges for aboveground storage tanks

(i) All aboveground petroleum tanks must be equipped with a gauge which accurately shows the level of 

product in the tank. The gauge must be accessible to the carrier and be installed so it can be conveniently 

read.

(ii) The design capacity, working capacity and identification number of the tank must be clearly marked on 

the tank and at the gauge.

(iii) A high level warning alarm, a high level liquid pump cutoff controller or equivalent device may be 

used in lieu of the gauge required above.

(4) Check valve for pump-filled tanks. All fill pipes leading to a pump-filled petroleum tank must be 

equipped with a properly functioning check valve or equivalent device which provides automatic protection 

against backflow. A check valve is required only when the piping arrangement of the fill pipe in such that 

backflow from the receiving tank is possible.

(5) Operating valves for gravity-drained tank. Each tanks connection through which petroleum can 

normally flow must be equipped with an operating valve to control the flow. A valve which meets the 

standards set forth in NFPA No. 30, section 

2-2.71.1 (see subdivision 613.1(g)) meets the requirements of this paragraph.

(6) Secondary containment system for aboveground tanks.

(i) A secondary containment system must be installed around any aboveground petroleum storage tank 

which:

(a) could reasonably be expected to discharge petroleum to the waters of the state, or

(b) which has a capacity of ten thousand (10,000) gallons or more. The secondary containment system must 

be constructed so that spills of petroleum and chemical components of petroleum will not permeate, drain, 

infiltrate or otherwise escape to the groundwaters or surface waters before cleanup occurs. The secondary 

containment system may consist of a combination of dikes, liners, pads, ponds, impoundments, curbs, 

ditches, sumps, receiving tanks and other equipment capable of containing the product stored. Construction 

of diking and the storage capacity of the diked area must be in accordance with NFPA No. 30, section 2-

2.3.3 (see subdivision 613.1. (g)).

(ii) If soil is used for the secondary containment system, it must be of such character that any spill onto the 

soil will be readily recoverable and will result in a minimal amount of soil contamination.

(iii) Storm water which collects within the secondary containment system must be controlled by a manually 

operated pump or siphon, or a gravity drain pipe which has two manually controlled dike valves, one on 

each side of the dike. All pumps, siphons and valves must be properly maintained and kept in good 

condition. If gravity drain pipes are used, all dike valves must be locked in a closed position except when 

the operator is in the process of draining clean water from the diked area.

(iv) Storm water or any other discharge at a facility must be uncontaminated and free of sheen prior to 

discharge. Storm water which is contaminated must be treated to reduce petroleum concentration to 15 

parts per million or less and to remove any visible sheen prior to discharge. Additional requirements may 

be imposed under 6 NYCRR Parts 751-758 for protection of the state's waters.

(d) Maintenance of spill prevention equipment. The owner or operator must keep all gauges, valves and 

other equipment for spill prevention in good working order.
D-62

North Carolina

[pages not given]

SECTION .0400 - GENERAL OPERATING REQUIREMENTS 15A NCAC 02N .0401 SPILL AND 

OVERFILL CONTROL

The provisions for "Spill and overfill control" contained in 40 CFR 280.30 (Subpart C) have been adopted 

by reference in accordance with G.S. 150B-14(c). History Note: Authority G.S. 143-215.3(a)(15); 143B282(2)(h); 150B-14(c); Eff. January 1, 1991.

15A NCAC 02N .0604 REPORTING AND CLEANUP OF SPILLS AND OVERFILLS

The "Reporting and cleanup of spills and overfills" provisions contained in 40 CFR 280.53 (Subpart E) 

have been adopted by reference in accordance with G.S. 150B-14(c), except that:

(1) In 40 CFR 280.53(a) and (b), the words, "or another reasonable time period specified by the 

implementing agency," are not adopted by reference;

(2) In 40 CFR 280.53(a)(1) and (b), the words, "or another reasonable amount specified by the 

implementing agency" are not adopted by reference; and

(3) The time periods within which reports required by the provisions of 40 CFR 280.53 must be submitted 

to the Division may be extended upon approval of requests made to the Division by the owner or operator,

before the expiration of the time period and upon a showing of good cause.

History Note: Authority G.S. 143-215.3(a)(15); 143B-282(2)(h); 150B-14(c);

Eff. January 1, 1991.

SECTION .0900 - PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR UST SYSTEM OR UST SYSTEM 

COMPONENT

INSTALLATION OR REPLACEMENT COMPLETED ON OR AFTER NOVEMBER 1, 2007

15A NCAC 02N .0901 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

(m) UST systems and UST system components shall also meet all of the installation requirements specified 

in 40 CFR 280.20(c), (d) and (e). In addition, overfill prevention equipment shall be checked annually for 

operability, proper operating condition and proper calibration in accordance with the manufacturer's written 

guidelines. The results of the last annual check must be recorded, maintained at the UST site or the tank 

owner or operator's place of business, and made available for inspection. History Note: Authority G.S. 143-

215.3(a)(15); 143B-282(a)(2)(h); Eff. November 1, 2007.
D-63

North Dakota

[12]

33-24-08-10. Performance standards for new underground storage tank systems.

[15]

3. Spill and overfill prevention equipment.

a. Except as provided in subdivision b, to prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product transfer 

to the underground storage tank system, owners and operators must use the following spill and overfill 

prevention equipment:

(1) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment when the transfer 

hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin); and

(2) Overfill prevention equipment that will:

(a) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than ninety-five percent full;

(b) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than ninety percent full by restricting the flow into 

the tank or triggering a high-level alarm; or

(c) Restrict flow thirty minutes prior to overfilling, alert the operator with a high level alarm one minute 

before overfilling, or automatically shut off flow into the tank

15

so that none of the fittings located on top of the tank are exposed to product due to overfilling.

b. Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

subdivision if:

(1) Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the department to be no less protective of human 

health and the environment than the equipment specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 of subdivision a; or

(2) The underground storage tank system is filled by transfers of no more than twenty-five gallons [94.63 

liters] at one time.

[17]

33-24-08-11. Upgrading of existing underground storage tank systems.

[18]

4. Spill and overfill prevention equipment. To prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product 

transfer to the underground storage tank system, all existing underground storage tank systems must 

comply with new underground storage tank system spill and overfill prevention equipment requirements 

specified in subsection 3 of section

33-24-08-10.
D-64

Ohio

1301:7-9-06 Design, construction, installation, modification and major repair for UST systems. 

(B) Design, construction, installation, modification and major repair requirements for new UST systems.

To prevent releases due to structural failure, corrosion, or spills and overfills for as long as the UST system 

is used to store regulated substances, all owners and operators of new UST systems shall comply the 

following requirements:

[...]

(4) Spill and overfill prevention equipment on new UST systems

(a) To prevent spilling and overfilling associated with regulated substance transfer to the UST

system, owners and operators shall install all of the following spill and overfill prevention

equipment:

(i) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent the release of product into the environment

when the transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe; and

(ii) Overfill prevention equipment that will:

(a) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than ninety-five

per cent full;

(b) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than ninety per cent full by

restricting the flow into the tank or triggering a high-level alarm; or

(c) Restrict flow thirty minutes prior to overfilling, alert the operator with a high level

alarm one minute before overfilling, or automatically shut off flow into the tank

so that none of the fittings located on top of the tank are exposed to product due

to overfilling.

1301:7-9-06-4(a)(iii) Float vent valves for overfill prevention, when used, shall be installed with an 

extractor fitting to allow for the testing and maintenance of the UST system. Float vent valves for overfill 

prevention shall not be allowed on any type of suction system.

1301:7-9-08 Operating requirements for UST systems.

(B) Operation of spill and overfill prevention control.

All owners and operators shall maintain and operate spill and overfill prevention equipment in

accordance with paragraph (B) of this rule and shall document their actions on a form prescribed by

the fire marshal in accordance with paragraph (G)(1) of this rule.

(1) Owners and operators of all UST systems shall ensure that releases due to spilling or overfilling

do not occur. The owner and operator shall ensure that the volume available in the tank is

greater than the volume of product to be transferred to the tank before the transfer is made and

that the transfer operation is monitored constantly to prevent overfilling and spilling.

(2) The owner and operator of all UST systems shall report, investigate and clean up any spills and

overfills in compliance with section 3737.88 and 3737.882 of the Revised Code and this chapter

of the Administrative Code.

(3) Owners and operators shall visually inspect all spill prevention equipment after each delivery and

shall promptly remove and properly dispose of any water, regulated substances or debris from

the spill prevention equipment.

(4) Owners and operators shall inspect all spill and overfill prevention equipment annually for proper

operation and evidence of deterioration.
D-65

Oklahoma

[12]

165:25-1-57. Spill and overfill records 

Owners and operators of underground storage tank systems must keep records of spills and overfills for 

review and inspection by PSTD for a period of 3 years from date of such spill or overfill.

[22]

165:25-2-39. Spill and overfill protection 

(a) Owners and operators of underground storage tank systems, as well as those who transport regulated 

substances to these systems must do everything reasonably possible to ensure that releases due to spilling 

and overfilling do not occur. 

(b) Tight fill connections must be used on all deliveries made to underground storage tanks. 

(c) Tampering with overfill protection is not permitted. Any violation of this Section will be subject to the 

enforcement procedures of this Chapter and any other fines or contempt proceedings as provided by law. 

(d) Except as provided in (e) of this Section, in order to prevent spilling and overfilling associated with 

product transfer to the petroleum storage tank system, the following prevention equipment must be used: 

(1) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment when the transfer 

hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill bucket). 

(2) Overfill prevention equipment that will automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no 

more than 95 percent full. 

(A) A drop tube with overfill device is required on all tank systems installed after July 1, 2001. 

[23]

(B) Tanks installed before July 1, 2001, must be upgraded to meet these standards before July 1, 2002, 

unless equipped with an operational ball float overfill device. Use of ball floats is prohibited with suction 

systems. 

(e) The spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in (d) of this Section is not required if the 

underground storage tank system is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time.

[42]

165:25-5-4. Spill and overfill prevention requirements 

Existing underground storage tank systems shall be in compliance with the specific spill and overfill 

requirements by December 23, 1998.
D-66

Oregon

[no pages given]

340-150-0310

Spill and Overfill Prevention Equipment and Requirements

(1) An owner and permittee must install, operate and maintain spill prevention equipment, such as a spill 

catchment basin or spill bucket, that will prevent the release of a regulated substance to the environment 

when the transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe.

(2) An owner and permittee must install, operate and maintain overfill prevention equipment and follow fill 

procedures that prevent any of the fittings located on top of the UST from being exposed to a regulated 

substance due to overfilling; and

(a) Automatically shuts off flow into the UST when the UST is no more than 95 percent full; or 

(b) Alerts the person depositing the regulated substance into the UST when the UST is no more than 90 

percent full by restricting the flow into the tank or by triggering a high level alarm. 

(3) For all UST systems installed or overfill equipment replaced on or after March 1, 2003, an owner and 

permittee must be able to provide visual verification that the overfill equipment functions as required by 

section (2) of this rule. For overfill equipment installed before March 1, 2003, an owner and permittee must 

be able to demonstrate to the department that the equipment functions properly by any method deemed 

acceptable by the department. 

(4) In addition to the overfill requirements of section (2) of this rule, an owner and permittee must: 

340-150-0310(4)

(a) Measure the volume of regulated substance in each UST to confirm that the volume available is greater 

than the volume of the regulated substance to be deposited into the UST before each deposit is made; and 

(b) Develop and implement procedures to ensure that each deposit of a regulated substance into the UST is 

monitored constantly to prevent overfilling and spilling. 

(5) An owner and permittee may use the codes and procedures listed in Appendix C of this division to 

comply with the requirements of this rule. 

(6) Spill and overfill prevention equipment is not required if the UST system is filled by deposits of a 

regulated substance of no more than 25 gallons at one time (a waste oil tank may be one example). 

Stat. Auth.: ORS 466.706 - 466.835, 466.994 & 466.995

Stats. Implemented: ORS 466.746 & 466.765

Hist.: DEQ 6-2003, f. & cert. ef. 2-14-03; DEQ 3-2008, f. 2-29-08, cert. ef. 3-10-08

340-150-0560

Upgrading Requirements for Existing UST Systems

[...]
D-67

(4) Spill and overfill prevention equipment (40 CFR ¦ 280.21(d)). To prevent spilling and overfilling 

associated with transfer of a regulated substance to the UST system, an owner and permittee of an existing 

UST system must comply with new UST system spill and overfill prevention equipment requirements 

specified in 40 CFR ¦ 280.20(c) (OAR 340-150-0310). 
D-68

Pennsylvania

.. UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK SYSTEMS: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, 

INSTALLATION AND NOTIFICATION

... § 245.421. Performance standards for underground storage tank systems. 

(3) Spill and overfill prevention equipment. 

 (i) Except as provided in subparagraph (iv), to prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product 

transfer to the underground storage tank system, owners and operators shall ensure that their systems have 

the following spill and overfill prevention equipment: 

 (A) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment when the 

transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe—for example, a spill catchment basin or spill containment 

bucket. 

 (B) Overfill prevention equipment that will do one or more of the following: 

 (I) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95% full. 

 (II) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90% full by restricting the flow into the 

tank or triggering a high-level alarm. 

 (III) Restrict flow 30 minutes prior to overfilling, alert the operator with a high level alarm 1 minute 

before overfilling, or automatically shut off flow into the tank so that none of the fittings located on top of 

the tank are exposed to product due to overfilling. 

 (ii) Bypassing overfill protection is prohibited for example, bypassing the flow vent valve with coax 

vapor recovery or a spill bucket drain valve is prohibited. 

 (iii) Ball float valves may not be used on suction pump systems having an air eliminator, or on any 

system having coaxial stage-1 vapor recovery systems or receiving pressurized pump deliveries. 

 (iv) Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified 

in subparagraph (i) if the underground storage tank system is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons 

at one time. 

(4) Installation

 (iii) Overfill prevention equipment shall be properly installed and tested in accordance with a code of 

practice developed by a Nationally-recognized association, and in accordance with manufacturer’s 

instructions. When ball float valves are used, the valve shall be installed with extractor fitting and ball 

floats must be readily accessible (not requiring excavation) for removal and operational verification. 

... § 245.422. Upgrading of existing underground storage tank systems.

(d) Spill and overfill prevention equipment. To prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product 

transfer to the underground storage tank system, existing underground storage tank systems must comply 

with new underground storage tank system spill and overfill prevention equipment requirements in 

§ 245.421(b)(3) and (4). 
D-69

.. GENERAL OPERATING REQUIREMENTS

... § 245.431. Spill and overfill control.

(a) Owners and operators shall ensure that releases due to spilling or overfilling do not occur. The owner

and operator shall ensure that the volume available in the tank is greater than the volume of product to be 

transferred to the tank before the transfer is made and that the transfer operation is monitored constantly to 

prevent overfilling and spilling. 

(b) The owner and operator shall report, investigate and clean up spills and overfills in accordance with 

Subchapter D (relating to corrective action process for owners and operators of storage tanks and storage 

tank facilities and other responsible parties).
D-70

Rhode Island

[29]

8.16 Spill Containment and Overfill Protection: 

(A) Spill Containment Basins: 

(1) All underground storage tanks at existing facilities are required to have spill containment basins around 

all fill pipes. Spill containment basins must be capable of holding a minimum of three gallons. Spill 

containment basins are required to be properly maintained, in good condition, and kept free of water, 

product or debris. 

(2) USTs with aboveground fill pipes do not require spill containment basins, provided that: 

(a) The ground surrounding the fill pipe is covered with a material that is impervious to the substance 

stored and is properly graded to contain spills of 3 gallons; (example: concrete and asphalt are acceptable, 

while dirt and grass are not) 

(b) The fill pipe extends a minimum of 6 inches above the finished grade; 

(c) Above-ground fill pipes located in areas subject to traffic or vehicular damage shall be protected by 

concrete-filled bollards with a minimum diameter of 2 inches, and at least three feet high, three feet below

grade, and spaced no more than four feet apart. 

(B) Overfill Protection: All underground storage tanks at existing facilities required to be registered by 

these regulations are required to have overfill protection in accordance with 9.13(C), with the following 

exceptions: 

(1) USTs used to store heating fuels consumed on-site solely for heating purposes and installed prior to July 

21, 1992; and 

(2) USTs that never receive more than 25 gallons at one time. 

(C) Written verification of the installation of spill containment and overfill protection equipment must be 

submitted by the owner/operator to the Director within fifteen (15) calendar days of installation. 

[36]

9.13 Spill and Overfill Prevention Equipment: All new and replacement UST systems shall be provided 

with equipment and procedures to prevent spilling and overfilling during product transfers to the tank in 

accordance with the following: 

(A) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent a release of regulated substance to the environment in the 

area of the fill pipe. A containment basin used to satisfy this requirement must have the following: 

(1) The basin must be capable of holding a minimum of 3 gallons, 

(2) The basin must be surrounded by an impervious surface and, 

(3) If the basin is made of metal, then its exterior wall must be protected from galvanic corrosion. 
D-71

(B) USTs with aboveground fill pipes do not require spill containment basins, provided that: 

[37]

(1) The ground surrounding the fill pipe is covered with a material that is impervious to the substance 

stored and is properly graded to contain spills of 3 gallons. (Example: concrete and asphalt are acceptable, 

while dirt and grass are not.) 

(2) The fill pipe extends a minimum of 6 inches above the finished grade; 

(3) Above-ground fill pipes located in areas subject to traffic or vehicular damage shall be protected by 

concrete-filled bollards with a minimum diameter of 2 inches, and at least three feet high, three feet below

grade, and spaced no more than four feet apart. 

(C) Overfill prevention equipment designed to restrict or stop the flow of fuel during a delivery before the 

tank reaches full capacity as follows: 

(1) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by restricting the flow into the 

tank or triggering a remote high-level alarm; or 

(2) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent full; or 

(3) Restrict flow 30 minutes prior to overfilling, alert the operator by means of a high level alarm one 

minute before overfilling, or shut off flow into the tanks so that none of the fittings located on the top of the 

tank are exposed to product due to overfilling; or 

(4) An equivalent device pre-approved by the director. 

(5) Use of a flow restriction ball float vent valve is restricted to submerged pumping systems (not suction 

pump systems) and gravity deliveries (not pump off unloading). Ball float vent valves must be installed so 

as to allow annual inspection for proper operation. Check with the tank manufacturer to see if a ball float 

vent valve is prohibited. 

(6) USTs used to store fuel oils consumed on-site solely for heating purposes, and emergency generator 

USTs, are allowed to be equipped with an in-line vent whistle as a method of overfill prevention. Vent 

whistles may be used only when tight fill, pump-off deliveries are made. The vent opening must be located 

adjacent to the fill (within 8 feet, or if not practical then as close as possible to be readily heard by the 

deliverer). The vent whistle must be installed so as to alarm (stop whistling) when the tank is 90% full. 

Vent whistles also must be installed so as to allow annual inspection for proper operation. 

(7) USTs that never receive more than 25 gallons at one time (e.g., waste oil USTs) are not required to have 

overfill protection. 
D-72

South Carolina

[13]

SUBPART B UST Systems: Design, Construction, Installation, Notification and Permitting 

SECTION 280.20. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR NEW UST SYSTEMS.

[15]

(c) Spill and overfill prevention equipment. 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, to prevent spilling and overfilling associated with 

product transfer to the UST system, owners and operators must use the following spill and overfill 

prevention equipment: 

(i) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment when the transfer 

hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin); and 

(ii) Overfill prevention equipment that will: 

(A) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95 percent full; or 

(B) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 percent full by restricting the flow into the 

tank or triggering a high-level alarm; or

[16]

(C) Restrict flow 30 minutes prior to overfilling, alert the operator with a high level alarm one minute 

before overfilling, or automatically shut off flow into the tank so that none of the fittings located on top of

the tank are exposed to product due to overfilling. 

(2) Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

paragraph (c)(1) of this section if: 

(i) Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the Department to be no less protective of human 

health and the environment than the equipment specified in paragraph (c)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section; or 

(ii) The UST system is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time.

[24]

SUBPART C General Operating Requirements 

SECTION 280.30. SPILL AND OVERFILL CONTROL. 

(a) Owners and operators must ensure that releases due to spilling or overfilling do not occur. The owner 

and operator must ensure that the volume available in the tank is greater than the volume of product to be 

transferred to the tank before the transfer is made and that the transfer operation is monitored constantly to 

prevent overfilling and spilling. 

[Note: The transfer procedures described in National Fire Protection Association Publication 385 may be 

used to comply with paragraph (a) of this section. Further guidance on spill and overfill prevention appears 

in American Petroleum Institute Publication 1621, "Recommended Practice for Bulk Liquid Stock Control 

at Retail Outlets," and National Fire Protection Association Standard 30, "Flammable and Combustible 

Liquids Code."] 

(b) The owner and operator must report, investigate, and clean up any spills and overfills in accordance 

with Section 280.53.
D-73

South Dakota

74:56:01:13. Spill and overfill control. All owners or operators shall ensure that releases due to 

spills or overfills do not occur. The owner or operator shall ensure that the volume available in the tank is 

greater than the volume of product to be transferred to the tank before the transfer is made and that a person 

is physically present at all times during the transfer to prevent overfilling and spilling.

All new and existing UST systems must use spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of 

product to the environment when the transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe, such as a spill catchment 

basin, and one or more of the following spill or overfill prevention devices:

(1) A sensor for measuring the level of product in the tank, equipped with an audible or visual 

alarm that is triggered when the tank is 95 percent full;

(2) A device designed to cause flow into the tank to shut off automatically when the tank is 95 

percent full; or

(3) An equivalent device designed to prevent releases due to spills and overfills that has been 

approved by the department.

All owners or operators of existing UST systems must use one or more of the spill and overfill 

prevention devices specified in this section for each tank no later than December 22, 1998. Owners or 

operators are not required to use spill and overfill prevention devices if the UST system is filled by 

transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time.

Source: 14 SDR 76, effective November 29, 1987; 18 SDR 62, effective October 10, 1991; 22 SDR 

86, effective December 18, 1995; transferred from § 74:03:28:05, July 1, 1996.

General Authority: SDCL 34A-2-93, 34A-2-99.

Law Implemented: SDCL 34A-2-98, 34A-2-99.
D-74

Tennessee

[17]

1200-1-15-.02 UST SYSTEMS: INSTALLATION AND OPERATION.

[19]

(3) Spill and overfill prevention.

(a) Equipment.

1. Except as provided in part 2 of this subparagraph, to prevent spilling and

overfilling associated with petroleum transfer to the UST system, owners and/or

operators shall use the following spill and overfill prevention equipment:

(i) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of petroleum to the

environment when the transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe (for

example, a spill catchment basin); and

(ii) Overfill prevention equipment that will:

(I) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more

than ninety-five percent (95%) full;

(II) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than ninety

percent (90%) full by restricting the flow into the tank or triggering a

high-level alarm; or

[20]

(III) Restrict flow thirty (30) minutes prior to overfilling, alert the operator

with a high level alarm one (1) minute before overfilling, or

automatically shut off flow into the tanks so that none of the fittings

located on top of the tank are exposed to product due to overfilling.

2. Owners and/or operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention

equipment specified in part 1 of this subparagraph if:

(i) Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the division to be no

less protective of human health and the environment than the equipment

specified in subpart 1(i) or (ii) of this subparagraph; or

(ii) The UST system is filled by transfers of no more than twenty-five (25)

gallons at one time.

(b) Operating requirements.

1. For as long as the UST system is used to store petroleum, owners and/or

operators shall ensure that releases due to spilling or overfilling do not occur.

The owner and/or operator shall ensure that the volume available in the tank is

greater than the volume of petroleum to be transferred to the tank before the

transfer is made and that the transfer operation is monitored constantly to

prevent overfilling and spilling.

2. Owners and/or operators shall keep spill catchment basins free of water, dirt,

debris, and/or other substances that could interfere with the ability of the

catchment basin to prevent spills.

3. Spill catchment basins shall be visually inspected by the owner and/or operator

at least once per month to assure the integrity of the storage space provided for

spill containment. A log of these inspections showing at a minimum the last

twelve (12) months shall be maintained by the owner and/or operator.

4. The owner and/or operator shall report, investigate, and clean up any spills and

overfills in accordance with rule 1200-1-15-.05(4).
D-75

Texas

Texas Administrative Code

TITLE 30 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

PART 1 TEXAS COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

CHAPTER 334 UNDERGROUND AND ABOVEGROUND STORAGE TANKS

SUBCHAPTER C TECHNICAL STANDARDS

RULE §334.51 Spill and Overfill Prevention and Control

(a) General spill and overfill control requirements. 

 (1) Owners and operators of all new and existing underground storage tank (UST) systems shall ensure 

that releases of regulated substances due to spills and overfills do not occur. 

 (2) Prior to regulated substances being transferred and deposited into a UST system, the owner or operator 

shall ensure that the available volume in the tank is greater than the volume of regulated substances to be 

transferred into the tank. 

 (3) During the entire time that regulated substances are being transferred into a UST system, the owner or 

operator shall ensure that the entire transfer operation is continuously monitored by the person conducting 

the transfer. Except as provided in paragraph (4) of this subsection, such monitoring may be accomplished 

by either of the following methods. 

 (A) The person conducting the transfer shall be physically present at or near the transfer point at all times 

during the transfer operation, and shall have an unobstructed view of the transfer point to observe the 

transfer and to abate any spill or overfill. 

 (B) The person conducting the transfer shall be physically present at the facility at all times during the 

transfer operation, and shall monitor the transfer operation using a central monitoring station which is 

electronically connected to remote sensing equipment at each transfer point, where such equipment is 

designed to detect and prevent any spills or overfills. 

 (4) When USTs are equipped with ball float valves in the vent openings (or with other similar flow

restrictors) for the purposes of compliance with the overfill prevention equipment requirements of 

subsection (b)(2)(C) of this section, and when regulated substances are transferred into such tanks under 

pressure (other than routine gravity unloading from normal transport vehicles), the following requirements 

shall be met during the time that regulated substances are being transferred into the tank. 

 (A) The person conducting the transfer shall be physically present at or near the transfer point at all times 

during the transfer operation, and shall have an unobstructed view of the transfer point to observe the 

transfer and to abate any spill or overfill. 

 (B) The transfer hose connection shall be equipped with an appropriate back-pressure sensor that will 

automatically shut off flow into the tank when the pressure in the tank reaches the tank's allowable design 

pressure (typically five psig). 

 (5) The owners or operators shall assure that the installation and maintenance of all required spill and 

overfill prevention equipment, as well as the procedures used for the transfers of regulated substances to or 

from an UST system, are in accordance with codes or standards of practice developed by a nationally 

recognized association or independent testing laboratory as specified in §334.42(d) of this title (relating to 

General Standards). 

 (6) The owner or operator shall assure that all spill and overfill prevention devices installed pursuant to 

subsection (b) of this section are maintained in good operating condition, and that such devices are 

inspected and serviced in accordance with the manufacturers' specifications. 

 (7) In the event a release of regulated substance(s) occurs due to a spill or overfill, the owner or operator 

shall comply with the release reporting, investigation, and corrective action requirements in Subchapter D 

of this chapter (relating to Release Reporting and Corrective Action). 

(b) Spill and overfill prevention equipment. Except as provided in paragraph (4) of this subsection, all UST 

systems shall be equipped with spill and overfill prevention equipment which shall be designed, installed, 

and maintained in a manner that will prevent any spilling or overfilling of regulated substances resulting 

from transfers to such systems, as provided in this subsection. 

 (1) Compliance schedule. 
D-76

 (A) New UST systems installed on or after the effective date of this subchapter shall be in compliance 

with the equipment provisions of this subsection from the time of installation through the entire operational 

life of the system. 

 (B) Existing UST systems (i.e., UST systems for which installation has commenced or has been 

completed on or prior to December 22, 1988) shall be in compliance with the equipment provisions of this 

subsection beginning no later than December 22, 1994, and continuing for the remainder of the operational 

life of the system. 

 (2) Equipment required. UST systems shall be equipped with each of the following spill and overfill 

prevention equipment or devices. 

 (A) Tight-fill fitting. The fill pipe of the tank shall be equipped with a tight-fill fitting, adapter, or similar 

device which shall provide a liquid-tight seal during the transfer of regulated substances into the tank. 

 (B) Spill containment equipment. The fill tube of the tank either shall be equipped with an attached spill 

container or catchment basin, or shall be enclosed in a liquid-tight manway, riser, or sump, and such 

equipment shall meet the following requirements. 

 (i) The spill containment device shall be designed to prevent the release of regulated substances to the 

environment when the transfer hose or line is detached from the fill pipe. 

 (ii) The spill containment device shall be equipped with a liquid-tight lid or cover designed to minimize 

the entrance of any surface water, groundwater, or other foreign substances into the container. 

 (C) Overfill prevention equipment. Each tank shall be equipped with a valve or other appropriate device 

that shall be designed to either: 

 (i) automatically shut off the flow of regulated substances into the tank when the liquid level in the tank 

reaches a preset level which shall be no higher than the 95% capacity level for the tank; or 

 (ii) automatically restrict the flow of regulated substances into the tank when the liquid level in the tank 

reaches a preset level which shall be no higher than the 90% capacity level for the tank, provided that such 

flow restricting device shall also alert the person responsible for the delivery when such preset level is 

reached; or 

 (iii) emit an audible and visible alarm capable of alerting the person responsible for the delivery when 

the liquid level in the tank reaches a preset level which shall be no higher than the 90% capacity level for 

the tank, provided that the tank is also equipped with a valve or other device which is designed to 

automatically shut-off or automatically restrict the flow of regulated substances into the tank when the 

liquid level reaches a preset level which shall be no higher than the 98% capacity level for the tank. 

 (3) Design and installation requirements. 

 (A) All spill and overfill prevention equipment shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's 

instructions and a code or standard of practice developed by a nationally recognized association or 

independent testing laboratory. 

 (B) All underground components of the spill and overfill prevention equipment which are designed to 

contain regulated substances shall be properly protected from corrosion in accordance with the applicable 

provisions in §334.49 of this title (relating to Corrosion Protection). 

 (C) The surfaces of all spill and overfill prevention equipment which are in direct contact with regulated 

substances shall be constructed of or lined with materials that are compatible with such regulated 

substances. 

 (D) When installing the overfill prevention equipment specified in paragraph (2)(C) of this subsection, 

appropriate extension devices shall be utilized as necessary to assure that the shut-off or restriction of flow 

into the tank is achieved at the specified preset levels, which shall be based on the manufacturer's capacity 

charts for the size, dimensions, and shape of the tank. 

 (4) Exceptions. 

 (A) UST systems are not required to be equipped with the spill and overfill prevention equipment 

prescribed in this subsection if one or more of the following conditions are applicable to such system: 

 (i) the transfers of regulated substances into the UST system do not exceed 25 gallons per occurrence; 

 (ii) the UST system is equipped with alternative equipment which has been reviewed and determined by 

the agency to prevent spills and overfills of regulated substances in a manner that is no less protective of 

human health and the environment than the equipment prescribed in this subsection, pursuant to procedures 

for variances found in §334.43 of this title (relating to Variances and Alternative Procedures); or 

 (iii) the installation of the spill and overfill prevention equipment prescribed in this subchapter has been 

reviewed and determined by the agency to be impracticable due to the type, design, or use of the UST 

system, pursuant to procedures for variances found in §334.43 of this title. 
D-77

 (B) For existing UST systems which are properly equipped on or before December 22, 1994, with both a 

tight-fill fitting as prescribed in paragraph (2)(A) of this subsection, and an automatic overfill shut-off 

device as prescribed in paragraph (2)(C)(i) of this subsection, the implementation date for the installation of 

spill containment equipment, as prescribed in paragraph (2)(B) of this subsection, shall be deferred until 

December 22, 1998. 

(c) Spill and overfill control records. 

 (1) Owners and operators shall maintain the spill and overfill control records required in this subsection in 

accordance with the requirements in §334.10(b) of this title (relating to Reporting and Recordkeeping). 

 (2) Owners and operators shall maintain records adequate to demonstrate compliance with the spill and 

overfill prevention and control requirements in this section, and in accordance with the following minimum 

requirements. 

 (A) All appropriate installation records related to the installation of any spill and overfill prevention 

equipment, as listed in §334.46(i) of this title (relating to Installation Standards for New Underground 

Storage Tank Systems), shall be maintained for as long as the spill and overfill prevention equipment is 

used. 

 (B) Records of any servicing, calibration, maintenance, and repair of any spill and overfill prevention 

equipment shall be maintained for at least five years after such work is completed. 

 (3) If an owner or operator claims an exemption from the spill and overfill equipment requirements under 

the provisions of subsection (b)(4)(A) of this section (i.e., transfers of 25 gallons or less), such owner or 

operator shall maintain appropriate transfer or inventory records for at least five years to document the 

basis for such exemption. 

Source Note: The provisions of this §334.51 adopted to be effective September 29, 1989, 14 TexReg 4714; 

amended to be effective June 25, 1990, 15 TexReg 3424; amended to be effective January 2, 1995, 19 

TexReg 10104; amended to be effective November 23, 2000, 25 TexReg 11442
D-78

Utah

19-6-405.3. Creation of Petroleum Storage Tank Loan Fund -- Purposes -- Loan eligibility – Loan 

restrictions -- Rulemaking.

(3) The executive secretary may loan, in accordance with this section, monies available in the loan fund to 

persons to be used for:

(a) upgrading petroleum storage tanks and associated piping with corrosion protection, or spill and overfill 

prevention equipment as necessary to meet the federal deadline required under 40 CFR 280.21;
D-79

Vermont

[4-7]

§ 8-406 SPILL CONTAINMENT & OVERFILL PREVENTION EQUIPMENT

(a) New and existing category one and category two underground storage tank systems shall be equipped 

with a liquid-tight device that will contain any regulated substance spilled from a carrier’s transfer hose 

when the hose is detached from the tank system’s fill pipe. Unless a variance is granted in accordance with 

§ 8-109, any spill containment device installed or replaced after July 1, 2007 shall:

(1) Have a minimum capacity of 15 gallons; and

(2) Not be equipped with a drain valve.

(b) Overfill prevention

(1) Except for underground storage tank systems that meet the criteria of subsection (b)(2) of this section, 

all category one and category two underground storage tank systems shall be equipped with an overfill 

prevention device that, at the time of any delivery of regulated substance, either:

(A) Automatically shuts off the flow of regulated substance to the tank before the tank is 95 percent full; or

(B) Alerts the person making the delivery before the tank is 90 percent full by triggering a visible and/or 

audible alarm; or

(C) Alerts the person making the delivery before the tank is 90 percent full by restricting the 

[4-8]

flow of air and vapors from the tank, thereby also restricting the flow of regulated substance into the tank. 

Vent restriction devices shall only be used in tank system designs that are consistent with vent restriction 

devices. Note: A listing of the tank system designs that are inconsistent with vent restriction devices can be 

found in §8-503(d)(2)(A) through (E).

(2) Any category one or category two underground storage tank system that never receives more than 25 

gallons of regulated substance at one time is not required to be fitted with an overfill prevention device, 

provided the tank is:

(A) Never more than 90 percent full; and

(B) Operated in accordance with the manual overfill prevention requirements of § 8-

503(e).

[5-2]

§ 8-503 SPILL AND OVERFILL PREVENTION

(a) Facility diagram. At any facility with a category one or category two underground storage tank system, 

a diagram shall be displayed in a location that is protected from the weather and readily visible to any 

carrier delivering regulated substance to an underground storage tank system at the facility. The diagram 

shall identify:

(1) The relative location of each underground storage tank and fill pipe;

(2) The regulated substance stored in each underground storage tank; and

(3) The capacity and diameter of each underground storage tank.

(b) Marking or labeling of fill pipes

(1) The fill pipe of each underground storage tank shall be marked or labeled to clearly identify the material 

stored in that tank. This requirement may be met by following the American Petroleum Institute 

Publication 1637.

(2) The fill pipe and pump-out pipe of any underground storage tank holding used oil shall be marked or 

labeled to clearly identify the contents of that tank as used oil.

(c) Maintenance of spill containment devices

(1) All spill containment devices required under § 8-406 shall be kept free of liquids and debris.

(2) Prior to accepting any delivery of regulated substance, the permittee or tank owner shall verify that the 

spill containment device is free of liquid and debris.

(3) Any liquid that collects within a spill containment device during or immediately after a delivery of 

regulated substance shall be removed prior to departure of the delivery vehicle.

[5-3]
D-80

(4) All liquid and debris removed from a spill containment device shall be managed in accordance with the 

Vermont Hazardous Waste Management Regulations and all other applicable state and federal 

requirements.

(d) Overfill prevention equipment.

(1) All overfill prevention equipment required under § 8-406 shall be maintained in a fully operational 

state.

(2) Any vent restriction device that is installed in any of the following types of underground storage tank 

systems, shall be removed and replaced with another type of overfill prevention device allowed under § 8-

406:

(A) Any underground storage tank system where there is the possibility of receiving a pumped delivery;

(B) Any underground storage tank system equipped with a suction dispenser and an

air eliminator;

(C) Any underground storage tank system equipped with coaxial Stage I vapor

recovery;

(D) Any underground storage tank system equipped with a remote fill pipe and gauge opening;

(E) Any underground storage tank system fueling an emergency generator or a fuel

oil burner (e.g. a heating oil supply tank).

(3) Within 30 days of replacing a vent restriction device, the permittee shall inform the Secretary in writing 

that the device has been replaced.

(e) Manual overfill prevention. Overfill prevention equipment is not required for any tank that never 

receives more than 25 gallons of regulated substance at one time, and never is more than 90 percent full, 

provided the permittee or tank owner:

(1) Measures the level of liquid in the tank to the nearest 1/8 of an inch, and converts that measurement to 

volume using a tank chart that correspond with the dimensions of the tank being measured;

(2) Checks the volume of liquid in the tank at least once per week or more frequently as necessary to ensure 

that the volume never exceeds 90 percent of the tank’s capacity;

(3) Maintains a record in accordance with §§ 8-502(d) and (e) which documents:

(A) The level of liquid in the tank (to the nearest 1/8 of an inch);

(B) The volume of liquid corresponding to the liquid level (i.e., as determined using a tank chart); and

(C) The percentage of tank capacity being utilized; and

(4) Maintains at the facility a copy of the tank chart used to convert the liquid level in the tank to volume.
D-81

Virginia

[no page given]

PART II.

UST Systems: Design, Construction, Installation, and Notification.

9VAC25-580-50. Performance standards for new UST systems.

3. Spill and overfill prevention equipment.

a. Except as provided in subdivision 3 b of this section, to prevent spilling and overfilling associated with 

product transfer to the UST system, owners and operators must use the following spill and overfill 

prevention equipment:

(1) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of product to the environment when the transfer 

hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin); and

(2) Overfill prevention equipment that will:

(a) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than 95% full;

(b) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90% full by restricting the flow into the tank 

or triggering a high-level alarm; or

(c) Restrict the flow 30 minutes prior to overfilling, alert the operator with a high level alarm one minute 

before overfilling, or automatically shut off flow into the tank so that none of the fittings located on top of 

the tank are exposed to product due to overfilling.

b. Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

subdivision 3 a of this section if:

(1) Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the board to be no less protective of human health 

and the environment than the equipment specified in subdivision 3 a (1) or (2) of this section; or

(2) The UST system is filled by transfers of no more than 25 gallons at one time.

9VAC25-580-60. Upgrading of existing UST systems.

4. Spill and overfill prevention equipment. To prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product 

transfer to the UST system, all existing UST systems must comply with new UST system spill and overfill 

prevention equipment requirements specified in subsection 3 of 9VAC25-580-50.

PART III.

General Operating Requirements.

9VAC25-580-80. Spill and overfill control.

A. Owners and operators must ensure that releases due to spilling or overfilling do not occur. The owner 

and operator must ensure that the volume available in the tank is greater than the volume of product to be 

transferred to the tank before the transfer is made and that the transfer operation is monitored constantly to 

prevent overfilling and spilling.

NOTE: The transfer procedures described in National Fire Protection Association Publication 385 may be 

used to comply with subsection A of this section. Further guidance on spill and overfill prevention appears 

in American Petroleum Institute Publication 1621, "Recommended Practice for Bulk Liquid Stock Control 

at Retail Outlets," and National Fire Protection Association Standard 30, "Flammable and Combustible 

Liquids Code."

B. The owner and operator must report, investigate, and clean up any spills and overfills in accordance with 

9VAC25-580-22
D-82

Washington

[10]

PART III

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS AND OPERATING

AND CLOSURE REQUIREMENTS

0 WAC 173-360-300 Performance standards for deferred UST systems.

[11]

(3) Spill and overfill prevention equipment.

(a) Except as provided in subsection (3)(b) of this section, to prevent spilling and overfilling associated 

with transfer of regulated substances to the UST system, owners and operators shall use the following spill 

and overfill prevention equipment:

(i) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of regulated substances to the environment when the 

transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin); and

(ii) Overfill prevention equipment that will:

(A) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than ninety-five percent full;

(B) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than ninety percent full by restricting the flow into 

the tank or triggering a high-level alarm; or

(C) Restrict flow thirty minutes prior to overfilling, alert the operator with a high level alarm one minute 

before overfilling, or automatically shut off flow into the tank so that none of the fittings located on top of 

the tank are exposed to regulated substances due to overfilling.

Note: Overflow prevention equipment that will automatically shut off or restrict flow into the tank should 

not be used where a pressurized fuel transfer system may be employed since an overflow may occur when 

the flow is suddenly shut off or restricted.

(b) Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

subsection (3)(a) of this section if:

[12]

(i) Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the department or delegated agency to be no less 

protective of human health and the environment than the equipment specified in subsection (3)(a)(i) or (ii) 

of this section; or 

(ii) The UST system is filled by transfers of no more than twenty-five gallons at one time.

[12]

173-360-310 WAC 173-360-310 Upgrading requirements for existing UST systems.

[13]

(4) Spill and overfill prevention equipment. To prevent spilling and overfilling associated with transfer of 

regulated substances to the UST system, all existing UST systems shall comply with new UST system spill 

and overfill prevention equipment requirements specified in WAC 173-360-305(3), except that an UST 

system that is filled by transfers of no more than twenty-five gallons at a time is not required to use

spill and overfill prevention equipment. 
D-83

West Virginia

[no pages given]

[ no specific mention of overfill prevention devices]

[full text of performance standards below]

§22-17-11. Performance standards for new underground storage tanks. 

(a) The director shall promulgate performance standards for new underground storage tanks as provided in 

section six of this article. The performance standards for new underground storage tanks shall include, but 

not be limited to, design, construction, installation, release detection and compatibility standards. 

(b) New underground storage tank construction standards must include at least the following requirements: 

(1) That an underground storage tank will prevent releases of regulated substances stored therein, which 

may occur as a result of corrosion or structural failure, for the operational life of the tank; 

(2) That an underground storage tank will be cathodically protected against corrosion, constructed of 

noncorrosive material, steel clad with a noncorrosive material or designed in a manner to prevent the 

release or threatened release of stored regulated substances; and 

(3) That materials used in the construction or lining of an underground storage tank are compatible with the 

regulated substances to be stored therein. 
D-84

Wisconsin

[10]

Subchapter IV — Standards

Comm 10.25 Adoption of standards by reference.

(1) CONSENT TO INCORPORATE. Pursuant to s. 227.21, Stats., the attorney general and the revisor of 

statutes bureau have consented to the incorporation by reference of the standards listed in Tables 10.25−1 

to 10.25−8.

Note: Copies of the adopted standards are on file in the offices of the department, the secretary of state and 

the legislative reference bureau. Copies of the standards may be purchased through the respective 

organizations listed in Tables 10.25 − 1 to 10.25 − 8.

(2) ALTERNATE STANDARDS. Alternate standards that are equivalent to or more stringent than the 

standards incorporated by reference in this code may be used in lieu of incorporated standards if the 

alternate standard is approved by the department, or if written approval is issued by the department in 

accordance with s. Comm 10.125 (2) (a), under all of the following conditions:

(a) Determination of approval shall be based on an analysis of the alternate standard and the incorporated 

standard, prepared by a qualified independent third party or the organization that published the incorporated 

standard. 

(b) The department may include specific conditions in issuing an approval, including an expiration date for 

the approval. Violations of the conditions under which an approval is issued shall constitute a violation of 

this code. 

(c) If the department determines that the alternate standard is not equivalent to or more stringent than the 

standards incorporated by reference, the request for approval will be denied in writing. 

(d) The department may revoke an approval for any false statements or misrepresentations of facts on 

which the approval was based. The department may re−examine an approved alternate standard or issue a 

revised approval at any time.

API American Petroleum Institute

1220 L Street, NW

Washington, DC 20005

14. API 2350 − 96 Overfill Protection for Storage Tanks in Petroleum Facilities.

[15]

Part 4—Service Stations

Comm 10.395 Overfill protection. Prior to the delivery of product to a bulk tank, the driver, operator, or 

attendant of the tank vehicle shall measure the available capacity of the tank to which product is to be 

delivered. The available capacity shall be more than the volume of the product to be delivered. History: Cr. 

Register, April, 1991, No. 424, eff. 5−1−91.

[17]

(12) SPILL AND OVERFILL PREVENTION. (a) Spill prevention.

Spill prevention shall be provided in accordance with subd. 1. Or 2.

1. Tanks shall be provided with spill containment basins or other equipment that will prevent the release of 

product to the environment when the transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe;

or

Part 4- Service Stations. Comm 10.395(a) Spill prevention 2. The tank shall be placed in a dike and shall be 

filled via a nozzle with positive shut−off. (b) Overfill prevention. 1. Prior to product delivery to an 

aboveground tank for vehicle fueling, the driver, operator, or attendant of the tank vehicle shall measure the 

available capacity of the tank to which product is to be delivered. The available capacity shall be more than 

the volume of product to be delivered to the tank. 2. Tanks which are filled via hand−held nozzles shall be 

constantly attended during product delivery and shall be provided with a vent whistle. 3. Tanks which are 

filled by means of a tight connection between the delivery hose and the fill pipe shall be provided with 

overfill protection equipment that complies with s. Comm 10.51 (5) (b)
D-85

[19]

Part 2—UST Systems: Design, Construction, Installation

and Notification

Comm 10.51 Performance standards for UST systems installed after December 22, 1988.

[20]

(5) SPILL AND OVERFILL PREVENTION. All underground storage tank systems shall be provided with 

the following equipment: 

(a) A catch basin or similar equipment to contain spillage. 

(b) Overfill prevention equipment that does at least one of the following:

1. Restricts flow 30 minutes prior to overflow.

2. Alerts the operator with a high−level alarm at least one minute prior to overflow.

3. Automatically shuts off flow so that no fittings on top of the tank are exposed to product.
D-86

Wyoming

[17-9]

PART B

STORAGE TANK SYSTEMS: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Section 6. Design and Construction Standards for UST Systems.

[17-12]

(c) Spill and overfill prevention equipment.

(i) Except as provided in Section 6 (c) (ii), to

prevent spilling and overfilling associated with regulated

[17-13]

substance transfer to the UST system, owners and/or operators

shall use the following spill and overfill prevention equipment:

(A) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of regulated substances to the environment when 

the transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin); and

(B) Overfill prevention equipment that will:

(I) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is no more than ninety-five percent (95%)

full; or

(II) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than ninety percent (90%) full by restricting the 

flow into the tank or triggering a high-level alarm.

(ii) Owners and/or Operators are not required to use the spill and overfill prevention equipment specified in 

Section 6(c)(i) if the UST system is filled by transfers of no more than twenty-five (25) gallons at one time.

[17-19]

Section 10. Spill and Overfill Control.

(a) Owners and/or operators of storage tank systems shall ensure that releases due to spilling or overfilling 

do not occur. The owner and/or operator shall ensure that the volume available in the tank is greater than 

the volume of regulated substance to be transferred to the tank before the transfer is made. The owner 

and/or operator shall also insure that the transfer operation is monitored constantly to prevent overfilling 

and spilling.

(b) Owners and/or operators shall report, investigate, and clean up any spills and overfills in accordance 

with Section 22.

[17-20]

(c) Surface spills that occur at a storage tank facility during the transfer of a regulated substance to the tank 

are required to be reported and cleaned up by any person owning or having controlled the regulated 

substance pursuant to Section 22(a) of this Chapter, and Chapter 4, Water Quality Rules and Regulations
D-87

American Samoa

[no mention of UST overfill regulations found in the American Samoan statutes]

Guam

[no mention of UST overfill regulations found in the Guam statutes]

Puerto Rico

[no mention of UST overfill regulations found in the Puerto Rican statutes]

U.S. Virgin Islands

[no mention of UST overfill regulations found in the US Virgin Islands statutes]

Northern Mariana Islands

[346]

Part 100 – Regulatory Revisions

§65-100-101 Federal Regulations

Any amendments to the U.S. EPA Underground Storage Tank Regulations (40 CFR 280) promulgated by 

the U.S. EPA shall apply to the CNMI. Amendments to the federal UST Regulations shall be incorporated 

into the regulations in this chapter by the Director. 

Modified, 1 CMC §3806(d). 

History: Amdts Adopted 14 Com. Reg. 9674 (Sept. 15, 1992); Amdts Propposed 14 Com. Reg. 9483 (July 

15, 1992); Adopted 13 Com. Reg. 8281(Nov. 15, 1991); Proposed 13 Com. Reg. 7870 (Sept 15, 19914). 

[347]

Part 300 – Installation

[348]

§65-100-301 Standards for USTs

(b) Each tank shall be equipped with the means to detect and prevent an overfill of the tank before a 

discharge can occur;

[353]

§65-100-605 Stopping Releases

Any leak, spill, overfill, discharge, or any other release from a UST or associated equipment shall be 

stopped as soon as practicable by the owner or operator.