Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97. Judith Jones Putnam

and Jane E. Allshouse. Food and Rural Economics Division, Economic

Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Statistical Bulletin No. 965.

Abstract

This report presents historical data on food consumption, prices, expenditures,

and U.S. income and population. In 1997, each American consumed, on average, 81 pounds more of commercially grown vegetables than in 1970; 65

pounds more of grain products; 57 pounds more of fruit; 32 pounds more of

caloric sweeteners; 13 pounds more of total red meat, poultry, and fish (boneless, trimmed equivalent); 17 pounds more of cheese; 13 pounds more of added

fats and oils; 3 gallons more of beer; 70 fewer eggs; 10 gallons less of coffee;

and 7 gallons less of milk. Retail food prices, as measured by the Consumer

Price Index (CPI), increased 2.6 percent in 1997. Food price inflation in 1997

was higher than the overall increase in the CPI for all goods and services (2.3

percent) for the third consecutive year. Americans spent $715 billion for food in

1997 and another $95 billion for alcoholic beverages. Away-from-home meals

and snacks captured 45 percent of the U.S. food dollar in 1997, up from 39 percent in 1980 and 34 percent in 1970. The percentage of disposable personal

income spent on food declined from 13.8 percent in 1970 to 10.7 percent in

1997.

Keywords: Food consumption, disappearance data, food use data, food supply,

nutrients available for consumption, retail food prices, expenditures.

Note: Use of brand or firm names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

1800 M Street, NW

Washington, DC 20036-5831 April 1999
Acknowledgments

Specialists in the Marketing and Trade Economics Division, Economic Research

Service (ERS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), compiled the basic

data in the supply and utilization tables. Special thanks to Larry Duewer,

Milton Madison, and Mildred Haleymeat and poultry; Jim Miller and Alden

Manchesterdairy; Scott Sanfordpeanuts, fats, and oils; Agnes Perez and

Linda Calvinfruits and tree nuts; Gary Luciervegetables, melons, potatoes,

dry beans, peas, lentils, and mushrooms; Mack Leathwheat, durum wheat,

and rye; Nathan Childsrice; Peter Rileycorn, oats, and barley; Stephen

Haleycaloric sweeteners, coffee, tea, cocoa, confectionery products, and

spices; and Alden Manchestersoft drinks, canned iced tea, fruit drinks and

ades, and breakfast cereals.

Shirley Gerrior and Lisa Bente, nutritionists with the Center for Nutrition Policy

and Promotion (CNPP), USDA, wrote the Nutrients section of the text and

calculated the nutrient data in tables 42 and 43. Steven Koplin of the National

Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, provided the information on fishery products. Consumption data for alcoholic beverages came from

Matthew Hein of the Beer Institute, Gary Marshall of the Distilled Spirits

Council of the United States, Inc., and Jon Fredrikson of Gomberg, Fredrikson,

and Associates (wine industry consultants).

Howard Elitzak, Alden Manchester, and Birgit Meade, ERS, provided information on food prices, expenditures, and income.

Steve Crutchfield, Alden Manchester, and Linda Kantor, ERS, helped immeasurably by giving us their support and counsel.

Deana Kussman of the Information Services Division improved the readability

of the bulletin by providing excellent editorial assistance. 

ii Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
Contents

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

The System for Measuring Food Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

The Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Usefulness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Additions and Revisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Determinants of Food Consumption and Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Food Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Food Expenditures and Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Food Expenditures in 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Food Expenditures in Relation to Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Information About the ERS Food Expenditures Data Set . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

World Food Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Changes in Household Food Consumption

and Expenditures During the 1980s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Food Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Red Meat, Poultry, and Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Eggs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Dairy Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Fats and Oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Fruits and Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Flour and Cereal Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Caloric and Low-Calorie Sweeteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Spices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Nutrients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Food Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Carbohydrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Protein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Fat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Cholesterol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Micronutrients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 iii
Figures

1. Estimating U.S. food consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

2. Changes in U.S. per capita food consumption, 1970-97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

3. 1998 total per capita meat consumption was 19 pounds

above the 1970 levela new record high . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

4. Beef is still Americas most popular meat but chicken is gaining . . . . . . .33

5. Long-term decline in total per capita egg consumption levels

off in the 1990s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

6. Commercial sales of dairy products reached a 28-year high

in 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

7. Per capita consumption of beverage milk declined 23 percent

between 1970 and 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

8. In 1945, Americans drank more than four times as much milk

as carbonated soft drinks; in 1997, they downed nearly two and

a half times more soda than milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

9. Per capita consumption of cheese in 1997 was 2-1/2 times higher

than in 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

10. Per capita consumption of total fluid cream products nearly doubled

between 1970 and 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

11. Total per capita consumption of fruits and vegetables increased

24 percent between 1970 and 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

12. Fruits and vegetables have led in retail price increases, 1982-97 . . . . . . .35

13. Price increases for fresh fruits and vegetables were more than

double those for processed, 1982-97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

14. Changes in per capita consumption of fresh and processed

fruits andvegetables, 1982-97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

15. In 1997, per capita consumption of total added fats and oils

was 7 percent below 1993s all-time high level but remained a

fourth above the 1970 level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

16. In 1997, Americans consumed more than two-fifths of a pound

of caloric sweeteners per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

17. In 1997, Americans consumed three-fourths more caloric

sweeteners per capita than in 1909 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

18. Consumption of candy reached a high of 25 pounds per

person in 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

19. Consumption of flour and cereal products increased 48 percent

between 1970 and 1997, to 200 pounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

20. In 1997, Americans consumed 100 pounds less of flour and

cereal products than did their counterparts in 1909 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

21. Per capita beverage consumption, gallons in 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

22. Sources of food energy in the U.S. food supply: Fat consumption

as a percentage of total calories has declined since 1970 but remains

well above the 1909 level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

23. In 1970, the meat and grain groups contributed equal amounts

of calories to the U.S. food supply. By 1994, grains had

surged ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

iv Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
24. In 1994, grains outpaced sweeteners as the leading contributor

to total carbohydrate consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

25. A 3-percent increase in total fat consumption between 1970

and 1994 reflects an increase in the use of vegetable

fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

26. Meat, poultry, and fish contributed 30 percent less saturated

fat to the U.S. food supply in 1994 than in 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

27. Consumer Price Index for all items and food, annual

percentage change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

28. Consumer Price Index, food at home and away from home,

annual percentage change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

29. U.S. food expenditures by families and individuals, 1960-97 . . . . . . . . .39

30. Share of income spent for food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 v
Tables

Per Capita Food Consumption, 1970-97

1. Major foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

2. Selected items, selected periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

3. Conversion factors used to obtain retail weight from primary weight . . .43

4. Red meat (carcass weight) and poultry

(ready-to-cook weight), 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

5. Red meat and chicken (retail cut equivalent), 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

6. Red meat, poultry, and fish (boneless, trimmed equivalent), 1970-98 . . .46

7. Fishery products (edible weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

8. Fish and shellfish, by region and country, 1993-95 annual average . . . . .48

9. Red meat and poultry, 1994-98, by 10 leading countries in 1998 . . . . . .49

10. Eggs, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

11. Dairy products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

12. Fluid milk and cream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

13. Selected cheeses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

14. Food fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

15. Fruits and vegetables (farm weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

16. Fresh and processed fruits (farm weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

17. Fresh fruits (farm weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

18. Fresh fruits (retail-weight equivalent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

19. Canned fruits (product-weight equivalent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

20. Frozen fruits (product-weight equivalent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

21. Dried fruits (product-weight equivalent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

22. Selected fruit juices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

23. Apples: Per capita utilized production plus imports and

minus exports, farm-weight equivalent, by use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

24. Grapes: Per capita utilized production plus imports and

minus exports, farm-weight equivalent, by use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

25. Pineapples: Per capita utilized production plus imports and minus

exports, farm-weight equivalent, by use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

26. Melons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

27. Commercially produced fresh vegetables (farm weight) . . . . . . . . . . . .67

28. Commercially produced fresh vegetables

(retail-weight equivalent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

29. Selected commercially grown vegetables for freezing

(farm weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

30. Selected commercially grown vegetables for canning

(farm weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

31. Mushrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

32. Potatoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

33. Pulses, vegetables for dehydrating, and potatoes

for chips (farm weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

34. Flour and cereal products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

35. Breakfast cereals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

36. Caloric and low-calorie sweeteners (dry weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

vi Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
37. Candy and other confectionery products: Sales, value, and

supply and utilization, with quantity, per capita consumption,

and value of sugar use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

38. Coffee, tea, and cocoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

39. Beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

40. Tree nuts and coconuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

41. Peanuts (kernel basis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

Nutrients, 1970-94

42. U.S. food supply: Nutrients and other food components,

per capita per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

43. U.S. food supply: Nutrients contributed from major food

groups per capita per day, 1970 and 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

Supply and Utilization, 1970-97

44. Beef, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

45. Veal, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

46. Lamb, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

47. Pork, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

48. Total red meat, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

49. Fresh and frozen fish and shellfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

50. Canned fish and shellfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92

51. Cured fish and shellfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

52. Total fish and shellfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

53. Young chicken (broilers), 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

54. Other chicken, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96

55. Total chicken, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

56. Turkey, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

57. Eggs, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

58. All dairy products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100

59. American cheese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

60. Other cheese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

61. Total cheese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103

62. Condensed and evaporated whole milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104

63. Nonfat dry milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

64. Butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

65. Lard (direct use) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

66. Margarine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

67. Shortening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

68. Salad and cooking oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110

69. Peanuts (farmers stock basis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111

70. Fresh citrus fruits (farm weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112

71. Fresh apples (farm weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

72. Other fresh noncitrus fruits (farm weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114

73. Total fresh fruits (farm weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115

74. Total tree nuts (shelled basis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116

75. Fresh market potatoes (farm weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117

76. Potatoes for freezing (farm weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 vii
77. Tomatoes for processing (farm weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

78. Wheat (grain equivalent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120

79. Wheat flour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

80. Rye (grain equivalent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

81. Rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

82. Corn (grain equivalent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

83. Oats (grain equivalent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

84. Barley (grain equivalent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126

85. Total cane and beet sugar (raw value) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127

86. High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) (dry weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

87. Glucose syrup (dry weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129

88. Dextrose (dry weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130

89. Coffee (green bean equivalent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131

90. Tea (dry leaf equivalent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132

91. Cocoa (bean equivalent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

92. Spices and herbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134

93. Import share of food disappearance for selected foods,

selected years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136

Prices, 1970-97

94. Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

95. Consumer Price Index for food, major groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

96. Consumer Price Index for food and beverages

at home, selected categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

97. Consumer Price Index for food, 1987-97, quarterly . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144

98. Average retail food prices, individual items, 1986-97 . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

Income and Expenditures, 1970-97

99. Food expenditures by families and individuals

as a share of disposable personal income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

100. Household expenditures for food in relation to income,

after taxes, by income group, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

Total Expenditures, 1970-97

101. Percent of total personal consumption expenditures spent

on food and alcoholic beverages that were consumed

at home, by selected countries, 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149

102. Food and alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150

103. Food at home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151

104. Food away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152

105. Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

106. Food expenditures, by source of funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154 

Other, 1970-98

107. Population: Total, resident, and civilian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

viii Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
Summary

Consistent with dietary and health recommendations, Americans now consume

about 50 percent more grain products and about 25 percent more fruits and vegetables per capita than they did in 1970, eat leaner meat, and drink lower fat

milk. But contrary to recommendations, they are consuming record-high

amounts of caloric sweeteners and some high-fat dairy products and nearrecord-high amounts of added fats, including salad and cooking oils.

In 1997, Americans consumed an average of 13 pounds more of total red meat,

poultry, and fish (boneless, trimmed equivalent) than in 1970, but 10 gallons

less of coffee and 7 gallons less of milk. Americans consumed per capita 81

pounds more of commercially grown vegetables, 65 pounds more of grain products, 57 pounds more of fruit, 32 pounds more of caloric sweeteners, 17 pounds

more of cheese, 13 pounds more of added fats and oils, 3 gallons more of beer,

and 70 fewer eggs.

Retail food prices, as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), increased

2.6 percent in 1997, slightly above the 2.3-percent increase in the CPI for all

goods and services. Americans spent $715 billion for food in 1997 and another

$95 billion for alcoholic beverages.

In 1997, 45 percent of U.S. food spending went for away-from-home meals and

snacks, up from 34 percent in 1970 and 39 percent in 1980. The percentage of

disposable personal income spent on food declined from 13.8 percent in 1970 to

10.7 percent in 1997.

Evidence from various sources suggests that Americans now consume, on average, more total food, more snacks, bigger portions of food, and more calories

than they did 29 years ago.

In 1994 (the latest year for which nutrient data are available), total meat, poultry, and fish contributed 30 percent less saturated fat to the per capita food supply than in 1970 and beverage milk contributed 50 percent less saturated fat.

A variety of factors are responsible for the changes in U.S. food consumption

patterns in the last 29 years, including changes in relative food prices, increases

in real (adjusted for inflation) disposable income, and more food assistance for

the poor. New products, particularly more convenient ones, also contribute to

shifts in consumption, along with more imports, growth in the away-from-home

food market, expanded advertising programs, and changes in food-enrichment

standards and fortification policy. Sociodemographic trends also driving food

choices include smaller households, more two-earner households, more singleparent households, an aging population, and increased ethnic diversity. An

expanded scientific base relating diet and health, new Dietary Guidelines for

Americans designed to help people make food choices that promote health and

prevent disease, improved nutrition labeling, and a burgeoning interest in nutrition also influence marketing and consumption trends.

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 ix
ERS food consumption data are based on the amount of food available for consumption each year in the United States. Estimates of food for human consumption are derived by subtracting measurable uses such as exports, industrial

uses, farm inputs, and end-of-year stocks from total supply (the sum of domestic

production, imports, and beginning stocks). Accordingly, the data are indirect

measures of consumption.

x Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
The U.S. Department of Agricultures Economic

Research Service (USDA, ERS) annually calculates

the amount of food available for human consumption

in the United States. The U.S. food supply historical

series measures national aggregate consumption of

several hundred foods. It is the only source of timeseries data on food and nutrient availability in the

country.

The food supply series is based on records of commodity flows from production to end uses (fig. 1).

This involves the development of supply and utilization balance sheets for each major commodity from

which human foods are produced (tables 44-93).

Total available supply is the sum of production,

beginning inventories, and imports. These three

components are either directly measurable or estimated by government agencies using sampling and statistical methods. Production is often measured at the

farm level; for some products, however, production is

measured at the first level of processing.

For most commodity categories, measurable uses are

exports, industrial uses, farm inputs (seed and feed),

and end-of-year inventories. Human food use normally is not directly measured or statistically estimated. Rather, the amount of food available for human

use is calculated as the difference between available

commodity supplies (the sum of production, beginning inventories, and imports) and nonfood use

(exports, farm use, and industrial consumption) (fig.

1). In a few cases, supplies for human food use are

measured directly and one of the other use components becomes the residual. This is the case for

wheat, in which flour production is measurable and

livestock feed use becomes the residual.

The availability of food for human use, which normally is the residual of the commodity supply-utilization table, represents disappearance of food into the

marketing system. Hence, it is often referred to as

food disappearance. Per capita food consumption

usually is calculated by dividing annual total food

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 1

Food Consumption, Prices, and

Expenditures, 1970-97

Judith Jones Putnam

Jane E. Allshouse

Introduction

This bulletin revises and updates through 1997 (1998, where available) the data published in Food

Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-95, SB-939, issued in August 1997. It presents historical data on per capita consumption of major food commodities in the United States, including

the basic data on supplies and disposition from which the consumption estimates are derived. In

addition, information concerning population, income, prices, and expenditures related to food consumption has been assembled to provide a comprehensive and convenient source of data for statistical and economic analysis of food consumption.

The System for Measuring Food Consumption
disappearance by the U.S. total population, including

the Armed Forces overseas, on July 1.

Estimates of consumption (disappearance) for many

commodities are prepared at two levels: the primary

weight and the retail-equivalent weight. The basic

measurement is at the primary distribution level,

which is dictated for each commodity by the structure of the marketing system and the availability of

data. For some, measurement is at the farmgate. For

most commodities that are processed, measurement is

at the processing or manufacturing plant. Once the

primary level of distribution has been selected, quantities of all other components in the balance sheet for

that commodity are converted to the primary-weight

basis, using appropriate conversion factors. For

example, the primary distribution level for red meat

is the slaughter plant, so all quantities are converted

to carcass weight. Nearly all supply and utilization

tables show per capita consumption on a primaryweight basis.

In some per capita food consumption tables (tables 1-

41), ERS converts food consumption from primary

weight to a retail-weight equivalent, using conversion

factors that allow for subsequent processing, trimming, shrinkage, or loss in the distribution system.

Fresh beef, for example, loses 30 percent of its

weight from carcass to retail cuts (table 3).

For some uses, a more desirable basis of computation

is boneless weight. ERS has calculated per capita

consumption of red meat, poultry, and fish on that

basis to facilitate comparisons (table 6). The boneless-weight measure excludes all bones, but includes

the separable fat normally sold on retail cuts of red

meat.

2 Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
Information used in calculating food supplies comes

from a variety of government and private sources.

Sources

Information on farm production, stocks, and some

processed products (including manufactured dairy

products) comes from the National Agricultural

Statistics Service (NASS), USDA. Data on flour and

fats and oils production come from the Current

Industrial Reports of the Census Bureau. Census

compiles trade information from Customs Service

reports. The Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA,

reports sugar use. Finally, ERS uses trade association data when they are available and appropriate.

Usefulness

Food disappearance estimates measure supplies moving through trade channels for domestic consumption. They are neither a direct measure of actual consumption nor of the quantity ingested.

Like many time series, the data are useful as indicators of trends over time. In other words, this series

indicates whether Americans, on average, are consuming more or less of various foods over time. The

disappearance data are used to measure the average

level of food consumption in the country, to show

year-to-year changes in consumption of major foods,

to permit calculation of the approximate nutrient content of the food supply, to establish long-term trends,

and to permit statistical analyses of effects of prices

and incomes on consumption.

The food supply data series measures utilization of

basic commodities without identifying all end-use

products, thereby eliminating the problemscommonly associated with food intake survey dataof

decomposing compound foods back to commodity

ingredients. The series measures food supplies for

consumption through all outlets, at home and away

from home. It is a long, continuous series, published

first in 1941 and extended back to 1909 for most

commodities. It is the only data set available for

determining long-term trends in supply and consumption by major food groups.

The series covers the spectrum of primary foodstuffs.

Hence, it can be used to measure interrelationships

between foods and to measure total food supply and

apparent use. It is particularly useful for estimating

complete demand systems that measure price and

income elasticities of demand in a consistent way.

Limitations

The food supply is usually a residual that makes the

supply-utilization commodity table balance. The disappearance method of calculation relegates to the

food supply all residual uses for which data are not

available, such as miscellaneous nonfood uses, stock

changes at retail and consumer levels, and sampling

and measurement errors in the estimation of other

components of the balance sheet. For example, an

increasing proportion of the total turkey supply

(especially backs, necks, and giblets) goes into pet

foods. But since such use has yet to be officially

estimated or entered as a nonfood-use component of

the supply-utilization balance sheet, it is included in

food disappearance. Thus, this report probably overstates turkey consumption. In contrast, the lack of

reliable estimates of game fish supplies means that

fish consumption is likely understated.

Food disappearance is often used as a proxy to estimate human consumption. Used in this manner, the

food supply usually provides an upper bound on the

amount of food available for consumption. Food disappearance estimates can overstate actual consumption because they include spoilage and waste accumulated through the marketing system and in the

home. (For further discussion of food loss, see

Estimating and Addressing Americas Food Losses,

FoodReview (Linda Scott Kantor et al., ERS, USDA,

January-April 1997, pp. 2-12).) In general, food disappearance data serve more appropriately as indicators of trends in consumption over time than as measurements of absolute levels of food eaten. This is the

case so long as changes in food production and marketing practices or consumer behavior over time do

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 3

The Data
not alter the relative disparity between food disappearance and food actually eaten.

The food disappearance series is becoming a less

reliable indicator of change over time in ingestion of

food fats and oils. While food disappearance reflects

trends in fats and oils sold for human food, it probably does not accurately measure food eaten because

the waste portion of fats and oils has increased during the past two decades with the growth in awayfrom-home eating places, especially fast-food places.

Foodservice establishments that deep-fry foods can

generate significant amounts of waste grease,

referred to as restaurant grease. A 1987 study by

SRI, International, indicates that used frying fat disposed of by restaurants and processed by renderers

for use in animal feeds, pet foods, and industrial

operations and for export amounts to about 6 pounds

per capita, or about 9 percent of the 1995 disappearance of added fats and oils. A 1993 study estimated

that about 50 percent (or more) of deep-frying fat

used in foodservice operations is discarded after use

and is not available for consumption. For further

details on this study, see Correction of Dietary Fat

Availability Estimates for Wastage of Food Service

Deep-Frying Fats, Journal of Oil Chemists Society

(J. Edward Hunter and Thomas H. Applewhite, 70:6,

June 1993).

Food supply data are aggregates of food obtained

from all sources. Retail-weight equivalents measure

food availability as if all food were sold through

retail foodstores. Much of this food, however, is

consumed on farms where produced, or is sold

through wholesale channels to restaurants, hotels,

other away-from-home eating places, and to schools,

camps, hospitals, and other institutions. The food

categories tend to be aggregates according to the

basic commodity definitionbeef, for example.

Final product forms and market channel flows are not

usually known. Most available data are concentrated

near the farm and primary processing levels. There

are little or no data available for many furtherprocessed products, such as bread, other bakery products, and soup. In short, relatively good data exist

for many of the ingredients, but not for final products. Anyone interested in domestic food intake by

individuals should use data from USDAs Continuing

Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), conducted by the Agricultural Research Service.

Annual per capita estimates of domestic disappearance inherently represent an aggregation, over time,

over consuming units, over geographical space, and

over various product forms. In any aggregation

process, certain information is, inevitably, lost or rendered irretrievable. Consequently, per capita disappearance may mask the influence on consumption of

seasonal variation and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, such as age, sex, ethnicity,

family size, household income, and geographic

region. Data from the CSFII and the Consumer

Expenditures Survey conducted by the Bureau of

Labor Statistics are more useful for measuring the

effect of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics on food consumption.

Stocks data are not available for some commodities.

Farmer marketings are the only data available for

some commodities, and it is assumed that stocks are

equal to the proportion of the crop not marketed by

the end of the calendar year. For example, the supply-utilization table for dry edible beans uses farmer

marketings to estimate stocks. Use of mushrooms

for processing is computed without stocks data. The

addition of processed mushroom stocks estimates,

were they available, probably would have a smoothing effect on food disappearance, making year-toyear changes a little less erratic. In addition, stocks

data do not include inventories of wholesalers, retailers, foodservice establishments, and the military

because of insufficient data.

The conversion factors used to derive retail weights

from primary weights are averages over various varieties and qualities of product and methods of marketing. Though some year-to-year changes have been

made in the factors (see Updated Beef and Pork

Conversion Factors), most conversion factors are

constant since 1970 (table 3). As a result, many

changes in quality and yield of product and in marketing procedures go undetected in the consumption

estimates at retail.

Annual food supply estimates are subject to revision

in conforming to data from the census of agriculture

4 Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
and the census of manufactures, which are available

only in years ending with 2 or 7. For example, estimates of per capita supplies of breakfast cereals for

1988-92 have been revised based on data from the

1992 Census of Manufactures. Current estimates use

the annual change in grocery store sales volume of

breakfast cereals as statistical movers of 1992 census

data. Later in 1999, data from the 1997 census will

be used to revise the 1993-97 estimates.

Additions and Revisions

The food supply database is continually evolving.

Sometimes new information sources permit new

series or modification of existing series to better

reflect current market conditions. Sometimes traditional data sources are discontinued or substantially

changed. ERS has revised USDAs historical food

consumption series in recent years to reflect data

availability and food distribution as follows.

New and Revised Population

Estimates Based on

1990 Census Count

The total population of the United States (including

Armed Forces overseas) was estimated to be approximately 270.3 million on July 1, 1998, an increase of

2.4 million or 0.9 percent from the year earlier numbers (table 107).

Table 107 presents estimates for January 1 and July

1, back to 1970, of the (1) total population, including

Armed Forces overseas, (2) resident population, and

(3) civilian population. The population estimates

shown in table 107 for July 1, 1980-July 1, 1998, are

based on the April 1, 1990, population, as enumerated in the 1990 census. The revised population estimates based on the 1990 census count run as much as

1.4 million below the previous estimates used. The

revised population estimates, especially for the late

1980s and 1990s, slightly raise estimates of U.S.

per capita consumption. For a discussion of the estimating procedure used in deriving these estimates,

see Current Population Reports, Series P-25, No.

1045.

Changes in U.S. Trade Data Reporting

Effective January 1, 1989, the United States joined

other countries in adopting a new export and import

commodity classification system based on the international Harmonized Commodity Description and

Coding System (HS). The HS is intended to serve as

a universal product nomenclature superseding the

Customs Cooperation and the Brussels Tariff

Nomenclatures. Many HS commodities are now

reported in more detail than under the old Schedule B

system, while others have been combined into broader groups. For example, since the number of trade

codes for wheat has increased dramatically with the

HS, analysts now have far more detail about the

types of wheat and wheat products traded, especially

wheat imports. Meanwhile, veal trade is no longer

reported separately but is combined with beef trade.

The HS also is used to report shipments from the

United States to the territories of Puerto Rico and the

Virgin Islands. Shipments data are reported by the

U.S. Department of Commerce and, since the adoption of the HS, have become more difficult to obtain

on a timely basis. For this reason, ERS has made a

change in the supply and utilization tables for red

meat, poultry, and eggs that appear in the Livestock,

Dairy, and Poultry Situation and Outlook Report

(LDP) and the World Agricultural Supply and

Demand Estimates (WASDE). In LDP, shipments to

Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands are included with

domestic rather than nondomestic use, which is consistent with internationally reported supply and utilization data used by the Foreign Agricultural Service

of USDA, the United Nations, and the Organization

for Economic Cooperation and Development. Unlike

the LDP and WASDE reports, this bulletin still

includes such shipments as a nondomestic use in the

estimates for red meat, poultry, and eggs (tables 44-

48 and 53-57) in order to make the quantity of food

consumed correspond with the number of consumers.

Annual per capita food disappearance estimates use

U.S. total population, which does not include residents of the U.S. territories. Nor is the production of

the U.S. territories included in the estimates of U.S.

production. Because shipments to the territories are

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 5
excluded from domestic food disappearance, both

total and per capita domestic food disappearance estimates in this bulletin may be lower than such estimates in LDP and WASDE.

Format of Meat and Poultry

Tables Revised

In the early 1990s, ERS revised the format of the red

meat and poultry per capita consumption tables to

enhance comparison of red meat and poultry consumption.

Several meat and poultry consumption series are provided in this bulletin. Consumption of beef and other

red meats is reported in three forms: carcass weight,

retail weight, and boneless, trimmed weight.

Consumption of chicken is also reported in three

forms: ready-to-cook (RTC) weight, retail weight,

and boneless weight. Consumption of turkey is

reported in RTC weight and boneless weight.

Consumption of fish and shellfish is reported by the

National Marine Fisheries Service on an edibleweight, or boneless-weight, basis. All these series

have been reported for many decades except the

retail series for chicken (new in 1992) and the boneless, trimmed series for red meat and poultry (introduced in 1986 to facilitate comparison of red meat,

poultry, and fish).

Red meat production is reported on a carcass-weight

basis (tables 44-48), while poultry meat production is

reported on an RTC basis (tables 53-56). The carcass-weight consumption series for beef is largely

comparable with the RTC-weight series for chicken

(table 4). Beef carcass weight is defined as the

chilled hanging carcass, which includes the kidney

and attached internal fat [kidney, pelvic, and heart fat

(KPH)], but not the skin, head, feet, and unattached

internal organs. Pork carcass weight is the chilled,

hanging carcass, which includes the skin and feet but

excludes the kidney and attached internal fat. RTC

chicken weight is the entire dressed bird, which

includes bones, skin, fat, liver, heart, gizzard, and

neck. These consumption series were historically

associated with wholesale markets for beef, pork, and

chicken.

Historically, RTC weight for poultry also sufficed as

an estimate of retail weight, because consumers

almost always bought whole dressed birds.

However, beginning in the 1980s, processing and

marketing developments in the poultry industry

caused RTC weight and actual retail weight to

diverge significantly. Some poultry parts were available in the 1970s, but in the 1980s poultry processors marketing strategies shifted dramatically, making more cut-up, further processed, and boneless

poultry products available. Because of this changing

product mix, more bones and some broiler meat

(largely from backs and necks) now go to rendering

and pet food manufacturing. Thus, the RTC poultry

series no longer accurately reflects what consumers

buy at retail.

In 1992, ERS introduced a new retail-weight consumption series for broilers (table 5) that excludes

the amount of RTC chicken that is purchased by renderers and pet food manufacturers (see the New

Retail Weight Consumption Series for Broilers

Developed section). This new series was developed

to improve the estimates of how much chicken is

purchased by U.S. consumers. Data were not available to estimate a retail-weight series for other

chicken; thus, the broiler conversion factors were

used for all chicken. ERS analysts are investigating

recent market developments regarding turkeys, which

may lead to the development of a new retail consumption series for turkey.

The boneless, trimmed series puts beef, chicken, and

fish on a fairly comparable basis (table 6). However,

the boneless, trimmed beef series does not include

certain internal organs, such as the liver and tongue;

the boneless chicken series does include some of the

giblets.

The amount of bone-in retail-weight product differs

significantly among the meats. Beef at the grocery

store currently contains less than 5 percent bone and

includes 1/4 inch or less fat around the exterior of

retail cuts. On a per capita basis, the difference

between retail weight (table 5) and boneless, trimmed

weight (table 6) for beef is small: for example, 3.0

pounds per capita in 1997. For pork, the difference

in 1997 is only 2.9 pounds. In contrast, on a per

6 Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
capita basis, the difference between retail weight and

boneless weight for chicken is considerable, 21.8

pounds in 1997.

New Retail Weight Consumption

Series for Broilers Developed

In 1992, ERS introduced a retail-weight consumption

series for broilers to facilitate economic comparisons

with retail red meat series (table 5). The new consumption series more accurately reflects the pounds

of broiler meat in the domestic market for human

consumption. Conversion factors adjust ready-tocook (RTC) consumption (table 4) to a retail-cut

equivalent. The difference between the RTC and

retail consumption is the portion of broiler meat that

is diverted to pet food and rendering, and the portion

of water lost when whole broilers are cut up. During

the cooling process, whole birds absorb water equivalent to about 8 or 9 percent of body weight. When

whole birds are cut for sale as parts or for further

processing, about 35 percent of the water gained during cooling drains out.

The portion of RTC-weight broilers used in pet food

production has increased significantly in recent years,

whereas very little carcass-weight beef apparently

has been so used. As consumer demand for chicken

breasts has increased, the less desirable parts, such as

necks, backs, and giblets, have become increasingly

economical ingredients for pet foods.

Results from the National Broiler Councils biennial

processor and distributor surveys provide data on

product form and final markets for the products.

According to the survey, 87 percent of broilers were

sold whole in 1962, but the percentage dropped to

only 12.5 percent by 1995. About 11 percent of the

RTC poultry weight (inspected by USDA and certified for human consumption) was sold for pet food in

1995.

For more detail about the new methods for changing

broiler RTC-weight data to retail-weight, see

Introducing a Broiler Retail Weight Consumption

Series, Livestock and Poultry Situation and Outlook

Report (Agnes Perez, Lawrence Duewer, and Mark

Weimar, LPS-53, ERS, USDA, May 1992), and

Updating Broiler Price and Consumption, Poultry

Outlook (LDP-P-12, ERS, USDA, Nov. 18, 1996).

Updated Beef and Pork

Conversion Factors

Beef production, the basic measurement to estimate

beef consumption, is measured at the primary distribution level, or slaughter plant, on a carcass-weight

basis. To determine how much of the beef carcass is

processed into beef products suitable for sale in grocery stores, in 1962 USDA updated the conversion

factor to convert beef carcass-weight data to retailweight equivalents. Reevaluation of this conversion

factor shows that the figure used since 1962 (0.74)

was accurate through 1985 (table 3). The figure indicates that after fat, bone, and other trim have been

removed from the carcass, 74 percent of the carcass

can be sold at retail. A few years ago, USDA developed a new method for evaluating the conversion

factor that accounts for different classes of cattle and

adjusts for trends in beef merchandising.

Based on this new method, the conversion factor

changed for 1986 (to 0.73), for 1987 (to 0.71), for

1988-90 (to 0.705), for 1990-93 (to 0.70), for 1994-

95 (to 0.695), and for 1996-98 (to 0.70). The figure

should be recalculated each year to account for

changes such as leaner cattle, closer trimming of fat,

and more removal of bone. ERS bases the changes

on data from the National Consumer Retail Beef

Study and National Beef Market Basket Survey

reports by Texas A&M University, various industry

reports and contacts, and retail merchandising practices.

The conversion factor estimates the portion of the

beef carcass purchased by consumers. The drop in

the conversion factor for 1996 represents 3.9 pounds

less beef per capita purchased than if 0.74 were still

being used. Of this 3.9 pounds, less exterior fat

accounts for 2.4 pounds, less bone for 1.4 pounds,

and less fat in hamburger and processed beef for 0.5

pound, while advanced meat recovery systems add

0.4 pound. This decline in the estimate of pounds of

beef purchased at retail may not mean an equal

change in the actual amount ingested because the fat

and bone now removed before retail sale may have

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 7
been removed before cooking, left in the pan as

grease, or left on the plate as table scraps. The conversion factor does indicate that the consumer

receives more lean beef per pound of product purchased. For more detail about the new method for

changing beef carcass-weight data to retail-weight,

see Reevaluation of the Beef Carcass-to-Retail

Weight Conversion Factor (Kenneth E. Nelson,

Lawrence A. Duewer, and Terry L. Crawford, AER623, ERS, USDA, Oct. 1989) and Updated Beef

Carcass-to-Retail Consumption Factor Increases to

0.7, Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Situation and

Outlook (LDP-M-51, ERS, USDA, May 19, 1998).

The beef carcass factor for converting boneless,

trimmed weight has been updated based on revisions

in the retail-weight conversion factor (tables 6 and

44).

Conversion factors used to adjust carcass-weight

pork consumption (disappearance) to retail and boneless equivalent weights were revised in 1991 to

reflect the trends toward leaner hogs, closer trimming

of fat, and more removal of bone. An examination of

merchandising practices indicated that pork consumption, on a retail-weight basis, has been overstated in recent years and boneless-weight consumption

understated. Revisions, reflecting changes in the

amounts of fat, bone, and skin sold at retail, were

made for 1955 through 1990. The 1989 factors of

0.776 (retail weight) and 0.729 (boneless weight) will

be used until the next revision (table 47). For more

detail about the new method for changing pork carcass-weight data to retail-weight and bonelessweight, see Revisions in Conversion Factors for

Pork Consumption Series, Livestock and Poultry

Situation and Outlook Report (Lawrence A. Duewer,

Kevin Bost, and Gene Futrell, LPS-45, ERS, USDA,

Jan. 1991).

All Dairy Products Consumption

Broken Down by Commercial

Sales and USDA Donations

In 1993, we added two breakouts under the all-dairyproducts category for all years since 1970 (fig. 6,

tables 11 and 58). One breakout indicates the supply

of dairy products to commercial markets and that

produced and consumed on farms, converted to a

milk-equivalent, milkfat basis. The other breakout

indicates dairy products supplied to consumers

through government commodity donation programs.

Data Revisions, Losses, and

Substitutions in Vegetables

and Fruits

Data losses since 1981 regarding commercial production of fresh and processed fruits and vegetables have

been especially challenging. Points of particular

interest include:

 Loss of national production estimates between

1981 and 1992,

 Loss of remaining industry-supplied cannedstock data in the late 1980s,

 The underestimate of U.S. fresh fruit and vegetable exports to Canada during the 1980s, and

 Normal revisions to data series such as U.S.

population.

Overcoming data setbacks and expanding the U.S.

per capita vegetable use series. During the 1980s

and early 1990s, the coverage and scope of the

series steadily eroded as basic vegetable data became

more scarce. Following the 1981 season, budget cuts

forced NASS to stop reporting national production

estimates for a number of vegetables, including

asparagus (all), cucumbers (all), fresh green beans,

artichokes, Brussels sprouts, cabbage (all), eggplant,

escarole/endive, garlic, bell peppers, spinach (all),

lima beans (all), and beets for processing. National

production data were not reinstated for these items

until 1992 (with the exception of asparagus and

cucumbers for pickles, which were reinstated in

1984).

To monitor as much of the vegetable sector as possible, ERS generated estimates of national production

for those commodities dropped from the NASS program in 1982. These estimates were based on data

from States that continued to collect production

information. In many cases, States that maintained

their full vegetable data series in the 1980s accounted for more than half of total national vegetable production estimated in 1981. As a result, the transition

back to NASS-supplied, U.S.-production estimates in

1992 did not necessitate any statistical adjustments in

8 Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
1982-91 ERS estimates, as the 1991 ERS estimates

and the 1992 NASS estimates were similar.

In the mid-1980s, the vegetable series contained

only 25 commodity categories, compared with 63 in

1965. Recent efforts have expanded coverage to 53

commodity categories. Per capita use figures now

cover 416 pounds of vegetables (farm-weight equivalent), compared with 315 pounds in 1990 and as few

as 220 pounds in the mid-1980s. Key to this most

recent change was USDAs expansion of basic commodity production data in 1992. 

The second challenge to the per capita vegetable estimates program occurred when the National Food

Processors Association discontinued reporting of

canned stocks for all canning vegetables in the late

1980s. Inventory movements provide year-to-year

stability to per capita estimates. If stocks data are

dropped out of the estimate, substantial year-to-year

variation in the per capita series results. 

With this in mind, ERS has been estimating stocks

ending on December 31 for canning vegetables based

largely on historical relationships between stocks and

production. However, the risk of estimation error

grows the further out-of-sample the forecast gets. In

the interest of accuracy, ERS will soon be forced to

discontinue this procedure, and accordingly, drop

beginning and ending stocks from per capita estimates of canning vegetables.

Fortunately, the California League of Food

Processors, in cooperation with tomato processors,

now reports quarterly stocks of processing tomatoes

held in California warehouses. These data are useful

in determining national supply and use of processing

tomatoes, which account for about 70 percent of all

vegetables for canning.

A third challenge to per capita vegetable estimates

involved U.S. export statistics. From the late 1970s

through 1989, U.S. exports of vegetables (particularly fresh vegetables) to Canada were severely understated. The problem became acute by the mid1980s, with reported U.S. exports of fresh vegetables (such as broccoli) less than half of Canadas estimates.

In January 1990, the Bureau of the Census began

replacing U.S. data on exports to Canada with

Canadian data on imports from the United States

(collected by Statistics Canada). Because Canada is

more thorough in collecting import data than the

United States is in monitoring exports, U.S. vegetable exports jumped substantially in 1990, especially for fresh vegetables.

Pre-1990 exports required adjustments to reflect the

data on actual U.S. exports and per capita use. To

modify the per capita series for 1978 to 1989, ERS

adjusted the export data for all major fresh vegetables

by replacing U.S.-reported exports to Canada with

data from Statistics Canada. With higher export figures, the net result was to reduce the estimate of

domestic use for most fresh vegetables.

The per capita use series undergoes normal revision

to the basic data underlying the series. For example,

U.S. population estimates were recently revised back

to 1980, which marginally changed per capita use

estimates for some items. Some of the most important revisions occur every 5 years when NASS revises U.S. production estimates based on benchmarks

from the most recent census of agriculture. Other

modifications to data series can occur with changes

in methodology or in the event of errors.

New per capita consumption estimates for canned

fruits. Beginning in 1990, pack and stock data for a

variety of canned fruits were no longer available

from several key industry participants and, therefore,

the per capita consumption figures for canned fruits

were not updated for 1989. In 1992, ERS developed

an alternative procedure for estimating canned fruit

consumption using data on utilization for canning as

reported by NASS (table 19).

Domestic consumption of a commodity, for the designated time period (calendar or crop year), is typically estimated by taking domestic production,

adding beginning stocks and imports, and then subtracting ending stocks and exports. Until discontinued in 1990, industry pack and stock data for canned

fruit (apples, apricots, sweet and tart cherries, fruit

cocktail, peaches, plums and prunes, and olives) were

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 9
used as the measures of domestic canned production

and stocks.

The NASS estimates are now used as the measure of

canned fruit production or pack. The fresh weight of

fruits used for canning is converted into its productweight equivalent using standard conversions. There

still are no measures of canned fruit stocks.

Therefore, stock adjustments are excluded from the

per capita calculations. Imports and exports, as in

the past, are obtained from U.S. Department of

Commerce trade data (in 1992, ERS replaced U.S.-

reported exports to Canada for 1978-89 with data

from Statistics Canada on Canadian imports from the

United States). This same estimating procedure has

been used to reestablish per capita consumption

measures for apple products (table 23), for grape

products (table 24), and for fresh and processed

pineapple (table 25).

The transfer from industry to NASS utilization data

changed the mix of canned fruit products for which

per capita consumption is calculated, reflecting the

availability of data. Canned utilization data are estimated by NASS for apples, apricots, cherries, peaches, plums and prunes, and olives. For pears and

pineapples, only total processed utilization is reported by NASS and canned pears and canned pineapples

are not broken out as separate processed items. In

this bulletin, the amount of pears utilized for drying

is subtracted from total processed utilization and the

remainder is assumed to be canned. Last year, consumption of canned pineapple and pineapple juice

was also estimated. Fruit cocktail had previously

been estimated as a separate canned fruit item.

However, under the new procedure, all fruits used in

canned fruit cocktail are included with the processed

utilization for each canned fruit. The old and new

procedures provide similar estimates of per capita

consumption for apricots, peaches, and prunes and

plums. For cherries and pears, the new estimates are

more than double the old estimates. The discrepancies could be due to a number of factors, including

previous underreporting of the pack by the industry.

Also, the NASS processed-pear utilization data

include pears canned in fruit cocktail. For canned

apples and olives, the new estimates are identical to

the old as NASS utilization estimates were used

under both the old and new procedures.

Consumption of processed fruit estimated on a

farm-weight basis. In the 1993 bulletin, total per

capita consumption estimates were derived for

processed citrus and five processed noncitrus fruits

(apples, pineapples, grapes, peaches, and pears). In

the 1994 bulletin, strawberries were included. In the

1999 bulletin, apricots, blackberries, blueberries,

boysenberries, dates, figs, loganberries, olives,

plums, prunes, and raspberries have been added. For

each fruit, the portion of U.S. production that was

utilized for processing was adjusted for imports and

exports of processed products on a farm-weight

basis. The conversion to farm-weight basis allows

the summation of all fruit consumed in various forms

(for example, juice, canned sections, and fresh)

(tables 15 and 16).

Processed products were converted to their equivalent farm weight, which approximates the quantity of

whole fruit used to make the product. For example,

per capita consumption of orange juice, expressed in

single-strength gallons (table 22), was converted to

pounds of whole oranges used to produce that

amount of juice. Imports and exports of fruit juices

and prepared or preserved fruits were converted to

farm-weight equivalents, based on U.S. product-yield

conversion factors.

Per capita consumption estimates are not actual

measures of the amount of fruit consumed in a given

year. However, estimates do indicate overall consumption levels, long-term trends, and changes in

consumption patterns. For all fresh fruits and most

fruit products, consistent stock data are not available.

Without accounting for beginning and ending inventories, it is assumed that fruit is utilized for domestic

consumption or export in the year it was produced or

imported. Annual consumption estimates are likely

to be more variable in the absence of stock data.

Combined fruit and vegetable per capita use. ERS

receives many requests for combined vegetable and

fruit per capita use. This has been a problem because

of differences in estimation and reporting procedures

for fruits and vegetables. For example, some com10 Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
modity supply and use data (such as citrus) must be

estimated on a crop-year rather than a calendar-year

basis. However, combined fruit and vegetable per

capita use is helpful in describing simple trends. In

1994, ERS introduced a combined series estimated

on a farm-weight basis (table 15).

Food Consumption Data Revised

to Include U.S. Military Use

In 1989, for the first time, per capita consumption of

all farm foods except fluid milk and cream were

reported on a U.S.-total-population (including Armed

Forces overseas) basis. Earlier estimates had reported animal product consumption on a civilian-population basis. Fluid milk and cream estimates use the

U.S. resident population. This bulletin no longer

adjusts for military consumption in the supply and

utilization balance sheets since data on military food

use do not reflect all military food purchases or consumption. The data include purchases by the

Defense Departments central purchasing office for

troop feeding, but exclude local purchases for troop

feeding and purchases through commissaries, clubs,

exchanges, and civilian distribution channels for personal or household use. The incompleteness of the

data tended to distort both military and civilian per

capita consumption estimates. For most years,

changing the statistical series to represent the total

population results in very small changes in per capita

consumption. The main exception is the war years of

the 1940s, frequently deleted from studies of consumption because of abnormalities created by the

war.

Mandated Table on Import

Share of Food Disappearance

for Selected Foods

Table 93 shows the import share of the food supply

for 129 commodities for selected years. Publication

of this information is mandated by the Omnibus

Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988. The act

directs the Secretary of Agriculture to compile and

report statistics on the total value and quantity of

imported raw and processed agricultural products. In

addition, statistics on the total quantity of production

and consumption of domestically produced raw and

processed agricultural products are required.

Statistics on the value and quantity of agricultural

imports are published bimonthly in Foreign

Agricultural Trade of the United States (USDA,

ERS), while statistics on domestic production and

consumption are published annually in Food

Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures (USDA,

ERS). The mandated table, which reports the percentage of consumption accounted for by imports, is

published each year in these two publications.

Adding the table to these publications facilitates the

comparison of the quantity and value of imports with

domestic production and consumption.

The import share of domestic food disappearance

varies greatly among commodities. Less than 1 percent of eggs, fresh cranberries, and head lettuce is

imported, but imports make up more than 99 percent

of the U.S. domestic food supplies of coffee, tea,

cocoa, and tropical oils (palm, palm kernel, and

coconut). Import shares are calculated from commodity supply and utilization balance sheets. Import

share is the quantity imported divided by the quantity

available for domestic food consumption.

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 11
Food consumption and prices are determined by the

complex interaction of supply and demand. In the

short run, supplies are relatively fixed and inflexible,

and prices adjust so products clear the market. What

is produced is consumed. When supplies go up,

price goes down and consumers buy more.

Conversely, smaller supplies bring higher prices and

smaller purchases. In the long run, farmers adjust

production in response to market prices, producing

more of higher priced goods and less of lower priced

goods. Demand for food in the aggregate is not very

responsive to price changes because there is little

room for substitution between food and nonfood

goods in the consumers budget. However, demand

for individual foods is more responsive to prices as

consumers substitute among alternative food commodities. Rising incomes increase expenditures on

more expensive foods as consumers demand more

convenience and quality. Short-period changes in

consumption reflect mostly changes in supply rather

than changes in consumer tastes. Demographic factors, such as changes in household size and in the age

distribution of the population, can bring about

changes in consumption.

Consumers vote every day in the marketplace with

their dollars, and the market listens carefully to their

votes. There is continuous feedback from consumers, who respond to the offerings of marketers

trying to meet the perceived wants of consumers.

Changes in the makeup of the population, lifestyles,

incomes, and attitudes on food safety, health, and

convenience have drastically altered the conditions

facing farmers and marketers of food products. Food

manufacturers and distributors have made vigorous

efforts to meet changing consumer wants and needs.

Rearranging the Economic Landscape: The Food

Marketing Revolution, 1950-91 (Alden Manchester,

AER-660, ERS, USDA, Sept. 1992) examines the

changes in the marketing of farm and food products

since 1950 and the factors that have caused such

change.

12 Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA

Determinants of Food Consumption and Demand
Retail food prices in 1997, as measured by the

Consumer Price Index (CPI), averaged 2.6 percent

above those in 1996 (table 94). This 1997 increase

was slower than 1996s rise of 3.3 percent. Food

price inflation in 1997 was higher than the overall

increase in the CPI (2.3 percent) for the third consecutive year (fig. 27).

Food prices in 1997 rose slightly more at eating

places than at supermarkets and other grocery stores

(fig. 28, table 95). Food prices in grocery stores rose

2.5 percent, while prices for restaurant meals

advanced at the slightly faster pace of 2.8 percent.

Grocery store prices of foods advanced at a slower

pace in 1997 than in 1996. The food groups whose

retail prices increased the most in 1997 were coffee,

lettuce, tomatoes, and pork (table 96). Prices of cereal and cereal products, fresh fruits, and fats and oils

increased less than 1 percent, while prices of eggs,

apples, oranges, potatoes, and carbonated drinks

declined. The food at home index was held in check

by low grain prices, large supplies of competing

meats (especially pork and poultry), and large supplies of fresh produce. Higher marketing costs were

a major factor that raised food prices, as is the case

in most years.

Prices of restaurant meals increased slightly more in

1997 than they did the year before, consistent with

the pattern of relatively small restaurant price

increases during the 1990s. These small price hikes

were largely due to increased competition among

restaurants, which held down menu price increases.

However, the 1997 increase was the largest since

1991s 3.4-percent hike. This rise reflected a tight

labor market that featured low unemployment rates

due to the strong economy. A Federally mandated

minimum wage increase further augmented 1997

restaurant operating costs and, therefore, prices paid

by consumers.

Food prices in 1997 rose more than prices for most

other consumer products and services (table 94).

Among major items in the CPI, housing prices, the

largest component, went up 2.6 percent, while transportation and apparel both rose 0.9 percent. The

largest increase was again in medical costs, which

climbed 2.8 percentthe smallest increase since

1965.

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 13

Food Prices
Food Expenditures in 1997

Americans spent $715 billion for food in 1997 and

another $95 billion for alcoholic beverages (table

102). Of this $715 billion spent for food, families

and individuals paid 84 percent, governments and

businesses spent 15 percent, and 1 percent was produced and consumed at home with relatively little

cash outlay (table 106).

Away-from-home meals and snacks captured 45 percent of the U.S. food dollar in 1997, up from 39 percent in 1980 and 34 percent in 1970 (table 102). The

share of food dollars going for away-from-home

meals and snacks has been increasing for more than a

century, but because restaurant meals include many

more services than food purchased at the grocery

store, the shares of value and quantity of food away

from home are quite different.

Food Expenditures in

Relation to Income

Disposable personal income in the United States

totaled $5,885 billion in 1997, more than 7 times the

$727 billion in 1970 (table 99). Per capita disposable

income advanced from an average of $3,521 in 1970

to $21,633 in 1997. In real terms (after adjustment

for inflation), per capita income increased 48 percent

between 1970 and 1997. During the same period,

real food expenditures per capita increased 23 percent, much of it due to the switch to more awayfrom-home eating.

Although food spending has increased considerably

over the years, the increase has not matched the gain

in disposable income. As a result, the percentage of

income spent for food has declined. Food expenditures by families and individuals were 13.8 percent

of disposable personal income in 1970, compared

with 13.4 percent in 1980 and 10.7 percent in 1997

(fig. 29, table 99). The decline is the direct result of

the income-inelastic nature of the aggregate demand

for food: as income rises, the proportion spent for

food declines. Expenditures for food require a large

share of income when income is relatively low. As

income rises, there is more money to spend on personal services and other discretionary items. Some

of these additional services are purchased along with

food and this explains the increase from 1970 in the

percentage of income spent on food away from

home. The share of income going for food is often

used as an indicator of affluence, of either a family or

a nation. The figure has sometimes been misused to

prove that food is a bargain. For further analysis, see

U.S. Food Spending and Income: Changes Through

the Years (Alden Manchester, AIB-618, ERS, USDA,

Jan. 1991).

The proportion of income spent for food varies widely among households of different sizes and incomes

(table 100). Data from the 1996 Consumer

Expenditure Survey conducted by the U.S.

Department of Labor showed that the percentage of

aftertax income spent for food varied from 8.7 percent for households with incomes of $70,000 or more

to 34.2 percent for households with incomes of

$5,000-$9,999. (Note: Nonmoney income is not

included in the Consumer Expenditure Survey but is

included in disposable income in table 99.)

Information About the ERS Food

Expenditures Data Set

ERS estimates of food expenditures by families and

individuals (table 99) differ from the U.S.

Department of Commerce estimates of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) previously used to

compute the percentage of disposable income (DPI)

spent for food. The trend in food expenditures is

similar, but the ERS series shows a lower level of

spending for food than does the PCE series, particularly for food consumed at home. The ERS estimate

of at-home expenditures is lower partly because it

excludes pet food, ice, and prepared feeds, which are

included in the PCE estimates. ERS estimates also

deduct more from grocery store sales for nonfoods,

such as drugs and household supplies, in arriving at

the estimate of food purchases for at-home consumption.

14 Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA

Food Expenditures and Income
ERS also calculates total expenditures for food in the

United States (tables 102-106). In comparison, the

PCE for food includes only foods purchased by individuals and families using their own funds. It does

not include food paid for by business funds, mostly

for travel and entertainment expenses, food donated

by the Government, and food used in hospitals and

other institutions, either where there is no charge or

where the charge is not stated separately (as in the

case of hospital food service). The ERS measure of

total food expenditures includes all food expenditures

by consumers, other private sources, and governments. For more detail about the ERS expenditure

series, see Developing an Integrated Information

System for the Food Sector (Alden Manchester, AER575, ERS, USDA, Aug. 1987).

World Food Expenditures

Table 101 compares average expenditures for food

and alcoholic beverages consumed at home in selected countries. The data are computed by ERS mainly

from data provided by the United Nations (UN)

System of National Accounts. Expenditures data for

the United States include the ERS series from tables

99 and 105, and the PCE series.

In table 101, food expenditures are shown as a percentage of total personal consumption expenditures,

reflecting individuals spending on goods and services in the domestic marketplace. Disposable personal

income in table 99, on the other hand, includes both

personal consumption expenditures and personal savings. Total personal consumption expenditures are

used as the basis of international comparison because

personal savings is seldom reported in the UN

System of National Accounts.

In 1994, the latest year for which comparable information is available, Americans spent only 7.4 percent

of their personal consumption expenditures for food

to be eaten at home (table 101). This compares with

10.3 percent for Canada and 11.2 percent for the

United Kingdom. In less developed countries, such

as India and the Philippines, at-home food expenditures often account for more than 50 percent of a

households budget.

Americans do not have the highest per capita income

(the average Swiss income is higher). Yet, in relation

to total per capita personal consumption expenditures, Americans spend the least on food. Other factors besides income influence food expenditures in

developed nations. Thanks to abundant arable land

and a varied climate, Americans do not have to rely

as heavily on imported foods as do some other

nations. The American farm-to-consumer distribution system is highly successful at moving large

amounts of perishable food over long distances with

a minimum of spoilage or delay. Finally, American

farmers have a tremendous wealth of agricultural

information and state-of-the-art farming equipment at

their disposal, allowing them to produce food efficiently.

Changes in Household Food

Consumption and Expenditures

During the 1980s

The aggregate food expenditure and consumption

data in this bulletin do not reveal how expenditures

vary with income; household size, type, or location;

or race. Other sources of data provide additional

insights into consumption trends, and this information is available in ERS publications.

Information contained in the Consumer Expenditure

Survey (CES) released by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics from 1980 through 1997 allows us to link

consumer expenditures with demographic characteristics. ERS is in the process of updating its Food

Spending in American Households series. For further

information, see Food Spending in American

Households, 1980-92 (David M. Smallwood, Noel

Blisard, James R. Blaylock, and Steven M. Lutz, SB888, ERS, USDA, Sept. 1994), which presents CES

information on trends in household food expenditures

for major food groups by selected demographic factors for 1980-92. Information is also presented on

food price trends. Detailed tabulations are presented

for 133 food categories by 10 household socioeconomic characteristics for 1992. Several measures of

food item expenditures and prices are presented.

Data from the household component of the 1977-78

and 1987-88 Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 15
conducted by the Human Nutrition Information

Service (HNIS), USDA, indicate that annual per

capita consumption of dairy products, fats and oils,

flours and cereals, bakery products, meats, eggs, sugars and sweets, and fresh vegetables fell during the

1980s. Consumption of poultry, fish and shellfish,

juices, and beverages rose. Annual per capita spending, when adjusted for inflation, declined for almost

all major food groups. Changes in Food

Consumption and Expenditures in American

Households During the 1980s (Steven M. Lutz,

David M. Smallwood, and James R. Blaylock of

ERS, USDA, and Mary Y. Hama of HNIS, USDA,

SB-849, Dec. 1992) presents information on the

quantity and dollar value of food consumption in

American households for 1977-78 and 1987-88 by

selected socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. The major changes over the decade are tabulated for 64 major food groups and compared with other

studies to gain further insights into possible explanations for the consumption shifts. The tabulations are

based on reported usage of foods from home food

supplies with adjustments for meals eaten away from

home.

Changes in Food Consumption and Expenditures in

Low-Income American Households During the 1980s

(Steven M. Lutz, David M. Smallwood, and James R.

Blaylock of ERS, USDA, and Mary Y. Hama, HNIS,

USDA, SB-870, Nov. 1993), a companion piece to

SB-849, presents information on the quantity and

dollar value of food consumption in low-income

American households for 1977-78, 1979-80, and

1987-88 by selected socioeconomic and demographic

characteristics. Major changes over the decade are

tabulated for 65 major food groups and compared

with other studies to gain further insights into possible explanations for the consumption shifts. Data are

from the low-income household component of the

1977-78, 1979-80, and 1987-88 Nationwide Food

Consumption Surveys.

16 Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
Red Meat, Poultry, and Fish

In 1997, total meat consumption (red meat, poultry,

and fish) amounted to 190 pounds (boneless,

trimmed-weight equivalent) per person, 13 pounds

above the 1970 level (fig. 3, table 6). Each American

consumed an average of 21 pounds less red meat

(mostly less beef) than in 1970, 31 pounds more

poultry, and 3 pounds more fish and shellfish. In

1998, total meat consumption jumped to 196 pounds

per person, according to preliminary estimates; the

forecast for 1999 is slightly higher.

Nutritional concern about fat and cholesterol has

encouraged the production of leaner animals, the

closer trimming of outside fat on retail cuts of meat,

the marketing of lower-fat ground meat and

processed meat products, and consumer substitution

of poultry for red meatsignificantly lowering the

meat, poultry, and fish groups contribution to total

fat and saturated fat in the food supply. Despite near

record-high per capita consumption of total meat in

1994, the proportion of fat in the U.S. food supply

contributed by meat, poultry, and fish declined from

35 percent in 1970 to 25 percent in 1994 (table 43).

Similarly, the proportion of saturated fat contributed

fell from 37 percent to 26 percent (table 43).

Red meatbeef, pork, lamb, and vealaccounted

for 58 percent of the total meat supply in 1997, on a

boneless, trimmed-weight basis, compared with 70

percent in 1980 and 74 percent in 1970. By 1997,

chicken and turkey accounted for 34 percent of the

total meat consumed, up from 23 percent in 1980 and

19 percent in 1970. Fish and shellfish accounted for

8 percent of total meat consumption in 1997 and 7

percent in 1980 and 1970.

Per capita consumption of beef reached an all-time

high of 89 pounds (boneless, trimmed-weight equivalent) in 1976 when beef supplies were at record levels because of liquidation of the Nations beef herd.

It dropped significantly in the late 1970s, remained

flat in the early 1980s, and then, from a 1980s high

of 75 pounds per capita in 1985, declined steadily to

61.5 pounds in 1993. In 1994-98, increasing supplies

of beef and declining beef prices spurred a 2- to 3.5-

pound increase in annual per capita consumption of

beef. Consumer concerns about cholesterol and saturated fat, inconsistent quality, and lack of convenience in preparation are behind the negative trend in

beef demand. Beginning around 1960, in response to

concerns about fat and cholesterol, beef producers

began shifting production from the very fat English

breeds like Hereford and Angus to the bigger, rangier, less fat, faster growing exotic breeds. This shift

led to increasing inconsistency in the quality of

beefa less tender, less juicy, less succulent product.

By 1995, one of four steaks was too tough to chew,

according to the 1995 National Beef Quality Audit.

In addition, the mass entry of women into the paid

labor force has drastically reduced consumption of

beef roasts and other beef cuts requiring lengthy

cooking times. Beef has lagged behind poultry and

pork in marketing value-added, convenience items.

In January 1999, the beef industry launched a new

advertising campaign that uses the familiar Beef,

Its Whats for Dinner tagline and aims to inform

consumers and beef industry channels about a new

trendbeef dishes that are fully-cooked and ready to

microwave and serve in 10 minutes. Such dishes

include traditional beef favorites like pot roast, meat

loaf, and beef ribs. In addition, in 1998, the beef

industry funded new genetic research, which may

foster the marketing of brand name fresh beef cuts

that are juicy and more consistent in quality. 

In contrast, per capita consumption of chicken, which

remained flat in the early 1970s, steadily increased

from 26 pounds (boneless-weight equivalent) in 1975

to 52 pounds in 1998. Similarly, per capita consumption of turkey climbed from 6.5 pounds in 1975 to 14

pounds a year in 1997 and 1998. The poultry industry has enjoyed great success, partly by catering to

consumers. The industry has provided scores of new

brand-name, value-added products processed for consumers convenience, as well as a host of products

for foodservice operators. Poultry has also benefited

from health-related concerns about beef.

Year-to-year fluctuations in pork consumption are

often quite large, but consumption has been fairly

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 17

Food Consumption
stable in the long run. In fact, annual per capita pork

consumption averaged 47.6 pounds per person in

1970-74 and 47.8 pounds per person in 1994-98.

The 1990s quantity, however, contained much more

lean and much less fat. Through improved breeding

and husbandry practices and greater trimming of outside fat on retail cuts, the pork industry has lowered

the fat content of retail pork by more than 30 percent

since the 1970s. The industry has capitalized on this

accomplishment by portraying pork as a light and

nutritious alternative to chicken with its Pork: The

Other White Meat advertising campaign, which

debuted in 1987. Research indicates that consumers

now are less likely to perceive pork negatively in

terms of fat, calories, and cholesterol than before the

advertising began. The campaign focused on the

industrys leaner cuts and lower-fat products.

U.S. per capita seafood consumption for 1997 is estimated at 14.5 pounds, down from a record high of

16.1 pounds in 1987 (tables 7 and 49-52). Despite

the 10-percent decline from the 1987 level, average

consumption in 1997 was still 24 percent above

1970. Between 1970 and 1997, increased consumption of fresh and frozen fish and shellfish accounted

for all of the growth, rising 42 percent, while canned

products held steady, and consumption of cured items

fell. Average seafood consumption increased 24 percent from 1970 to 1997, even though seafood prices

outpaced those of other protein sources during those

years. CPIs for fish, red meat, and poultry climbed

466 percent, 297 percent, and 194 percent, from 1970

to 1997 (table 95).

World Meat Consumption

The Republic of Maldives, Iceland, Greenland,

Faeroe Island, and Kiribati are the world leaders in

per capita consumption of fishery products (table 8).

In 1993-95, the typical Icelander consumed an average 201 pounds of fish and shellfish (live-weight

equivalent) a year, more than 4 times that consumed

by the typical American.

In 1998, Hong Kong led the rest of the world with an

annual per capita consumption of poultry of 116

pounds, ready-to-cook weight, followed by the

United States, 104 pounds; Israel, 97 pounds; Saudi

Arabia, 80 pounds; and Canada, 73 pounds (table 9).

Beef and veal consumption of 98 pounds per capita,

carcass weight, put Americans third behind the

Uruguayans, 131 pounds; and Argentines, 122

pounds. Many countries, European countries in particular, rank above the United States in per capita

pork consumption. The typical Dane, for example,

consumes more than twice as much pork as does the

typical American (140 pounds, carcass weight). New

Zealanders lead in per capita consumption of lamb,

mutton, and goat, averaging 71 pounds per person in

1998. Americans averaged 1 pound per person of

these meats.

Eggs

Egg consumption has two components: shell eggs

and egg products. Shell eggs are those eggs purchased in cartons in the grocery store. Egg products

are eggs that have been processed and sold primarily

to food manufacturers and foodservice operators in

liquid or dried form. These pasteurized eggs reach

consumers as ingredients of foodservice menu items

and processed foodssuch as pasta, candy, baked

goods, and cake mixesor directly as liquid eggs in

grocery stores. These liquid egg products usually are

made from egg whites and are used by consumers as

a nonfat, no-cholesterol, and safer alternative to shell

eggs. 

Between 1970 and 1989, total annual consumption of

shell eggs and egg products steadily declined about 4

eggs per person per year, from 309 to 237 eggs (fig.

5, tables 10 and 57). During the 1990s, total egg

consumption has leveled off, fluctuating between 234

and 244 eggs per person per year. The record high

for U.S. per capita egg consumption was 403 eggs in

1945.

The decline in per capita egg consumption over the

last few decades reflects two very different and

somewhat counterbalancing trends: a dominating,

nearly constant decline in consumption of shell eggs,

and a partially offsetting growth in consumption of

egg products during the 1980s and 1990s.

Shell-egg consumption dropped from 276 eggs per

capita in 1970 to 173 in 1997. The average annual

18 Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
rate of decline in per capita shell-egg consumption

was 4 eggs per year in the 1970s and 5 eggs per year

in the 1980s. In the 1990s, the rate of decline in per

capita consumption of shell eggs has slowed to 2-1/2

eggs per year and is expected to slow even more.

Much of the decline in shell-egg consumption since

1970 was due to changing lifestyles (for example,

less time for breakfast preparation in the morning as

large numbers of women joined the paid labor force)

and the perceived ill effects of the cholesterol intake

associated with egg consumption. Total cholesterol

in the U.S. per capita food supply declined 13 percent between 1970 and 1994, from 470 milligrams

per person per day to 410 milligrams (table 42).

Eggs contributed 39 percent of the total cholesterol in

the food supply in 1970 and 34 percent in 1994 (table

43).

Declining wholesale and retail egg prices may have

spurred egg use in recent years. The average retail

price for a dozen large, Grade A eggs declined from

$1.01 in 1990 to 86 cents in 1994 (table 98). In

1997, it was $1.06. The Consumer Price Index (CPI)

for eggs increased 13 percent between 1990 and

1997. That compares with a 19-percent increase in

the CPI for all food during the same period, and a

27-percent increase in the CPI for cereals and bakery

products (table 95). Changing consumer attitudes

toward eggs may also be responsible. New test

results show eggs to contain less cholesterol than previously documented, leading the American Heart

Association to increase its maximum recommended

consumption from three eggs per week to four.

Consumption of egg products has nearly doubled

since 1983, reaching 68 eggs per person by 1998.

The growth period followed more than two decades

of relatively constant consumption. Egg product

consumption will continue to increase as consumers

opt for more prepared foods.

Dairy Products

Per capita consumption of all dairy products in 1997

came to 580 pounds (milk-equivalent, milkfat basis),

up 16 pounds from 1970 and down 21 pounds from

1987 (a year in which both commercial sales and

USDA donations were at high levels) (fig. 6, tables

11 and 58). The level of donations through government commodity programs in 1997 was considerably

below 1987 levels, accounting for zero percent of

butter, 1 percent of nonfat dry milk, and zero percent

of cheese (tables 64, 63, and 61). In 1987, the corresponding percentages were 20 percent, 25 percent,

and 10 percent. USDA donations of dairy products

declined 44 pounds per capita between 1987 and

1997, while commercial sales increased 23 pounds

per capita (fig. 6, table 11).

Per capita commercial sales fell from 540 pounds in

1970 to 522 pounds in 1983, then increased to a high

for the 1970-97 period of 580 pounds in 1997.

Reasons for the upturn in sales include increased

generic advertising of dairy products, reduced relative prices, awareness of the importance of calcium

in the diet and of dairy products as a source of calcium, demographic changes in the population, and

increased use of dairy products, especially cheese, as

ingredients in other foods (pizza, for example).

In 1997, Americans drank an average of 23 percent

less milk and ate nearly 2-1/2 times as much cheese

(excluding cottage types) as in 1970 (figs. 7 and 9,

tables 11, 12, and 13). Annual per capita consumption of milkfat from fluid milk products (beverage

milks and yogurt) has declined by half since 1970

due to lower milk consumption and a trend toward

lower fat milks. Americans cut their average consumption of fluid whole milk by two-thirds between

1970 and 1997, and nearly tripled their use of lower

fat milks. But because of the growing yen for cheese

and fluid cream products, the Nation failed to cut the

overall use of milkfat. (Annual average consumption

of milkfat from some other dairy productsbutter,

frozen dairy products, condensed milk, evaporated

milk, dry milk, and cottage-type cheesesalso

declined during 1970-97 due to lower consumption

of these products and increasing preference for lower

fat versions.)

Annual per capita consumption of beverage milk

declined from 31 gallons in 1970 to 24 gallons in

1997 (table 39). A sixfold increase in per capita consumption of yogurt since 1970to 9.5 half-pint servings per person in 1997 partially offset the decline

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 19
in beverage milks. Consumption of soft drinks, fruit

drinks and ades, and flavored teas may be displacing

beverage milk in the diet (fig. 8, table 39). Big

increases in eating away from home, especially at

fast-food places, and in consumption of salty snack

foods favored soft drink consumption.

The beverage milk trend is toward lower fat milk.

While whole milk represented 81 percent of all beverage milk (plain, flavored, and buttermilk) in 1970,

its share dropped to 35 percent in 1997 (table 12).

As a result, total beverage milk contributed 51 percent less fat to the average Americans diet in 1997

than in 1970. In contrast, rising consumption of fluid

cream products meant that they contributed two times

as much milkfat to the average diet in 1997 as in

1970. Per capita consumption of fluid cream productshalf-and-half, light cream, heavy cream,

eggnog, sour cream, and dipsjumped from 9.8

half-pints in 1970 to 17.0 half-pints in 1997 (fig. 10).

On balance, however, annual per capita consumption

of milkfat from all fluid milk and cream products

declined by 37 percent in 1970-97, from 9.1 pounds

to 5.8 pounds per person. Of that 5.8 pounds, whole

milk contributed 2.4 pounds; lower fat milks, 1.7

pounds; and fluid cream products, 1.6 pounds. Skim

milk added 0.05 pound of fat to the average diet in

1997, and yogurt (most of which is reduced-fat or

fat-free) added 0.09 pound of fat. 

These changes are consistent with increased public

concern about cholesterol and animal fats. However,

the decline in per capita consumption of fluid milk

between 1970 and 1997 also may be attributed to

declining numbers of U.S. teenage males and children age 5-12 years, an increasing prevalence of lactose intolerance among Americans due to the growing ethnic diversity and aging of the population, and

increasing preference for soft drinks.

Price may also be behind the shift to lower-fat milks.

Skim milk traditionally has been cheaper than whole

milk, but this has not always been the case for 1-percent and 2-percent milks. However, since 1980, the

retail prices for a half-gallon of 1-percent and 2-percent milks have averaged a few cents below that for

whole milk.

Over time, this price break has enabled consumers to

accept and prefer the lower fat milk. Evidence of

such acceptance is McDonalds switch from whole

milk to 2-percent in 1986 and from 2-percent milk to

1-percent in 1991. Starbucks and other coffee chains

and foodservice operators now provide whole milk

and fat-free milk in addition to half-and-half, cream,

and coffee whiteners.

Advertising has influenced the shift to lower-fat

milks. A major print advertising program that features celebrities, models, and sports stars wearing

milk mustaches has improved the overall image of

milk, especially light and skim milks. Preliminary

research, conducted by Roper Starch, an independent

research firm, indicated that major contributing factors to a decline in total milk consumption were concern about fat and a belief that lower fat milks contain fewer nutrients than whole milk. Followup

research, also conducted by Roper Starch, showed

that more people now know that lower fat milks are

as high or higher in calcium, vitamins, and other

nutrients (except fat) as whole milk.

Average consumption of cheese (excluding full-skim

American and cottage, pot, and bakers cheeses)

increased 146 percent between 1970 and 1997, from

11 pounds per person to 28 pounds (figs. 2 and 9,

tables 11 and 13). Lifestyles that emphasize convenience foods were probably major forces behind the

higher consumption. In fact, two-thirds of our cheese

now comes in commercially manufactured and prepared foods (including foodservice) such as pizza,

tacos, nachos, salad bars, fast-food sandwiches, bagel

spreads, sauces for baked potatoes and other vegetables, and packaged snack foods. Advertising and

new productssuch as reduced-fat cheeses and

resealable bags of shredded cheeses, including cheese

blends tailored for use in Italian and Mexican

recipesalso boosted consumption.

From 1970 to 1997, consumption of Cheddar cheese,

Americas favorite cheese, increased 65 percent to

9.6 pounds per capita. Per capita consumption of

mozzarellathe main pizza cheesein 1997 was 8.4

pounds, more than 7 times higher than in 1970, making it Americas second favorite cheese. Cream

cheese (including Neufchatel) overtook Swiss in the

20 Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
1980s to become Americas third favorite cheese, at

2.3 pounds per person in 1997. Despite the flurry of

lower fat cheese introductions in the 1990s, these

products still accounted for a fifth (reduced fat, 16

percent; nonfat, 4 percent) of supermarket sales for

the 52 weeks ending July 11, 1998 (at 20 percent,

that is down 2 percentage points from two years earlier), according to the International Dairy Foods

Association. In the year ending July 11, 1998, sales

of nonfat cheese fell 20 percent, while sales of

reduced fat and regular increased 3.3 percent and 4.0

percent, respectively. Lower fat cheeses make up a

much smaller proportion of the total cheese used by

food manufacturers and foodservice operators.

Fats and Oils

Americans overriding nutrition concern in the mid1990s with cutting dietary fat is apparent in the

recent per capita food supply data, which show a

modest decline since 1993 in the use of added fats

and oils (fig. 15, table 14). Annual per capita consumption of added fats and oils declined at least 7

percent between 1993 and 1997, from a record-high

70.2 pounds (fat-content basis) per person to 65.6

pounds. (ERS is in the process of adjusting the data

to reflect the trend toward lower-fat margarine-type

spreads.) However, average use of added fats and

oils in 1997 remained a fourth above the 1970 level.

Added fats and oils include those used directly by

consumers, such as butter on bread, as well as shortenings and oils used in commercially prepared cookies, pastries, and fried foods. Excluded is all fat naturally present in foods, such as in milk and meat.

Studies in the 1950s and 1960s showed that replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and animal fat with

polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) lowered serum

cholesterol levels. Consequently, diets high in

PUFAs were widely recommended for the prevention

of heart disease. Within the added fats and oils

group, animal fats declined roughly a fourth from

1970 to 1997, on a per capita basis, and vegetable

fats increased roughly two-fifths. Per capita consumption of salad and cooking oils (high in PUFAs)

nearly doubled between 1970 and 1997, from 15

pounds to 29 pounds.

However, concern developed about the safety of

PUFAs, and interest in the health benefits of

monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) also

increased. Some research suggests that replacing

SFAs with PUFAs reduces LDL cholesterol but also

reduces beneficial HDL cholesterol, while replacing

SFAs with MUFAs lowers LDL cholesterol but

leaves HDL levels stable. In addition, PUFAs are

more easily oxidized than MUFAs, making them

more likely to contribute to atherosclerosis.

Monounsaturated fatty acids are the most common

fat in foods, but they are particularly plentiful in

olive oil, canola oil, almonds, and avocados. In the

1997 food supply, olive oil and canola oil together

accounted for 16 percent of total salad and cooking

oils, up from 2 percent in 1985. Canola oil also is

used in some soft, liquid-oil margarines.

In 1993, health concern about trans-fatty acids (or

trans-fats) hit newspaper headlines. Trans-fats are

created when liquid oils are hydrogenated to make

them more solid and stable at room temperature; they

raise LDL cholesterol and lower beneficial HDL cholesterol levels, and are associated with increased risk

of coronary heart disease. Hydrogenated fats are

used in everything from margarines, shortenings,

crackers, cookies, baked goods, and peanut butter to

foods fried in fast-food eateries, fried snack foods,

and even some soups, beans, and cereals. From 1993

to 1997, consumption of margarine declined 23 percent per capita and consumption of shortening

declined 17 percent per capita. About 40 percent of

the margarine on supermarket shelves today is the

old-fashioned stick variety, with the other 60 percent

made up of tub or liquid margarines. In 1970, most

margarine was the stick variety. In general, the softer

the margarine, the lower its percentage of partially

hydrogenated oils, and thus the lower the amount of

trans-fats.

In 1970, the fats and oils group (composed of all

added fats and oils) contributed the most fat to the

food supply (43 percent), followed by the meat, poultry, and fish group (35 percent) (fig. 25, table 43).

By 1994, the fats and oils groups contribution to

total fat had jumped 9 percentage points to 52 percent, probably due to the greatly expanded consumption of fried foods in foodservice outlets, the huge

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 21
increase in consumption of high-fat snack foods, and

the increased use of salad dressings. USDA food

intake survey data show that, in 1989-91, the average

woman age 19 to 50 got more fat from salad dressing

than from any other food.

In contrast, by 1994, the meat, poultry, and fish

groups contribution to total fat had dropped 10 percentage points to 25 percent, reflecting changes in

fat-trimming practices at processor and retail levels,

improvements in animal husbandry, and increasing

substitution of poultry and fish for red meats. Dairy

products contribution to total fat declined from 12.6

to 12.3 percent between 1970 and 1994, even as total

fat from dairy products increased from 19 to 20

grams per person per day. 

Fruits and Vegetables

As Americans increasingly embrace national health

authorities recommendation of consuming at least

five fruits and vegetables a day, their array of choices

continues to widen. Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables,

prepackaged salads, locally grown items, and exotic

produceas well as hundreds of new varieties and

processed productshave been introduced or

expanded since the early 1980s. Supermarket produce departments carry over 400 produce items

today, up from 250 in the late 1980s and 150 in the

mid-1970s. Also, the number of ethnic, gourmet,

and natural foodstoreswhich highlight fresh producecontinues to rise.

Consumers increasingly have more access to fresh,

local produce as well. The number of farmers markets reported to State agriculture departments has

grown substantially throughout the United States

over the last several decades, numbering around

1,755 at the end of 1993 and eclipsing 2,746 in 1998.

Some analysts say that the total number of farmers

markets, including those not reported, is more than

double that figure.

While the overall market for fruits and vegetables has

expanded in the last 15 years, the mix has changed.

Shifts have taken place among traditional produce

items and between fresh and processed forms.

Traditional varieties have lost market share to specialty varieties, and exotic produce has gained favor.

For example, per capita consumption of iceberg lettuce fell by 4.4 pounds (or 15 percent) between 1989

and 1997, while per capita consumption of romaine

and leaf lettuces increased 2.5 pounds (or 69 percent)

during the same period (table 27). In addition, many

specialty lettuces not yet tracked in USDAs food

supply databasesuch as radicchio, frisee, arugula,

and red oakgained in popularity in the last several

years because of inclusion in fresh-cut salad mixes

and in upscale restaurant menus.

Total per capita use of the 129 commercially produced fruits and vegetables for which ERS has U.S.

production data rose 24 percent, from 573 pounds in

1970 to 711 pounds in 1997 (fig. 11, table 15). Fourfifths of this increase occurred since 1982, the year in

which an expert scientific panel convened by the

U.S. National Academy of Sciences published its

landmark report Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer. The

report emphasized the importance of including fruits

(especially citrus fruits), vegetables (especially

carotene-rich and cruciferous, or cabbage-family,

vegetables), and whole-grain cereal products in the

daily diet, noting that these dietary guidelines were

consistent with good nutritional practices and likely

to reduce the risk of cancer.

The 19-percent gain in fruit and vegetable consumption between 1982 and 1997 was probably tempered

by the fact that fruits and vegetables led in retail

price increases from 1982 to 1997 (fig. 12, tables 15,

95, and 96). Price increases for fresh fruits and vegetables were more than double those for processed

(fig. 13). Despite the bigger price increases for fresh

than processed, per capita consumption from 1982 to

1997 increased 24 percent for fresh fruit and 4 percent for processed fruit. Better quality, increased

variety, and year-round availability have boosted consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables. The increase

between 1982 and 1997 in per capita consumption of

processed vegetables nearly equaled that of fresh

vegetables--24 percent versus 25 percent. Price, convenience, and increasing preference for fast-food

eateries and ethnic foods have hiked consumption of

frozen vegetables (especially french fries) and canned

tomato products. 

22 Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
Flour and Cereal Products

Per capita use of flour and cereal products reached

200 pounds in 1997 from an annual average of 145

pounds in 1980 and 136 pounds in 1970 (fig. 19,

table 34). The expansion in supplies reflects ample

grain stocks, strong consumer demand for variety

breads and other instore bakery items as well as

grain-based snack foods, and increasing fast-food

sales of products made with buns, doughs, and tortillas. Yet this consumption level is far below the

300 pounds consumed per person in 1909 (the earliest year for which data are available) (fig. 20). In

1909, the major source of protein in the American

diet was grain products. By 1994, it was meat, poultry, and fish. 

USDAs nationwide food consumption surveys confirm the food supply data, also indicating Americans

are eating more grain products. Consumption of

grain mixturessuch as lasagna and pizza

increased 115 percent between 1977-78 and 1994.

Snack foodssuch as crackers, popcorn, pretzels,

and corn chipssoared 200 percent, and ready-to-eat

cereals were up 60 percent. One of the biggest

changes within the grain mixture group was the

explosion of ethnic foods, especially Mexican foods.

Mexican foods were consumed four times more often

in 1994 than in the late 1970s.

Yet Americans are still eating a serving or less a day

of whole-grain foods, far below the minimum three

per day the American Dietetic Association recommends. If a bread does not have whole wheat, oats,

or some other whole grain as the first ingredient,

much of its vitamin- and mineral-rich germ and bran

have been milled away, along with most of its fiber.

Enriched flour, from which most breads are made, is

not a whole grain. The processor has simply added

back three of the B-vitamins (niacin, thiamine, and

riboflavin) and the iron that were lost when the flour

was refined. Some companies that make light

breads also add highly processed fiber to boost the

fiber content and cut the calories. But nothing

replaces the lost vitamin E, B-6, magnesium, manganese, zinc, potassium, copper, pantothenic acid,

and phytochemicals.

Since January 1, 1998, all enriched grain foods

including ready-to-eat breakfast cereals, pasta, bread,

rolls, flour, cakes, and cookieshave been fortified

with folic acid (the synthetic form of folate, a B-vitamin). That should reduce the risk of neural tube birth

defects like spina bifida. It may also protect adults

from heart disease and reduce the chances of cervical

cancer in women. Folic acid is found naturally in

legumes; liver; many vegetables, especially green

leafy ones like spinach; citrus fruits and juices;

whole-grain products; and eggs.

Wheat is the major grain product eaten in the United

States, with wheat flour and other products representing 75 percent of total grain consumption in 1997.

However, wheats share of total grain consumption

has declined 6 percentage points since 1980, as rice,

corn products, and oat products have gained momentum. Consumption of wheat flour in 1997 was 150

pounds per person, up 35 percent from 1970 (tables

34 and 79). Per capita use of durum wheat flour,

mainly used in pasta production, doubled between

1984 and 1994, to 14 pounds per person, but then

dropped to 12.5 pounds in 1997. 

Consumption increased for other cereal products as

well. Per capita use of corn products (corn flour,

cornmeal, hominy, grits, and starch) increased 79

percent from 1980, to 23 pounds per capita in 1997.

Per capita use of rice and oat products (rolled oats,

ready-to-eat cereals, oat flour, and oat bran) climbed

107 percent and 67 percent, from 1980 to 1997. In

contrast, consumption of rye flour has continued to

decline.

Between 1980 and 1997, consumption of breakfast

cereals increased 41 percent to 17 pounds per capita

(table 35). Consumption of ready-to-eat and readyto-cook cereal in 1997 was 14.3 pounds and 2.6

pounds, compared with 9.7 pounds and 2.3 pounds in

1980. This 41-percent increase in per capita breakfast cereal consumption occurred even as prices for

cereals and bakery products have risen much faster

than the prices for most other grocery foods (fig. 12,

tables 95 and 96). The rise in consumption is attributed to the quest for increased fiber in the diet, to

aggressive advertising and health claims by food

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 23
processors, and to the convenience of these foods for

breakfast. The home-cooked, eggs-and-bacon breakfast has given way to ready-to-eat, instant grainbased products.

Caloric and Low-Calorie Sweeteners

Americans have become conspicuous consumers of

added sugars and sweet-tasting foods and beverages.

Per capita consumption of caloric sweeteners (dryweight basis)mainly sucrose (table sugar made

from cane and beets) and corn sweeteners (notably

high-fructose corn syrup, or HFCS)increased 34

pounds, or 28 percent, between 1982 and 1997 (fig.

16). In 1997, each American consumed a record

average 154 pounds of caloric sweeteners. That

amounted to more than two-fifths of a poundor 53

teaspoonfulsof added sugars per person per day in

1997. USDAs Food Guide Pyramid suggests that

people consuming 1,600 calories limit their intake of

added sugars to 6 teaspoons per day. The daily suggested limit increases to 12 teaspoons for those consuming 2,200 calories, and to 18 teaspoons for those

consuming 2,800 calories.

A striking change in the availability of specific types

of sugar occurred in the past three decades (fig. 16,

tables 36 and 85-88). Sucroses share of total caloric

sweetener use dropped from 83 percent in 1970 to 43

percent in 1997, while corn sweeteners increased

from 16 percent to 56 percent. All other caloric

sweetenersincluding honey, maple syrup, and

molassescombined to maintain a 1-percent share.

Per capita use of sucrose dropped from 102 pounds

per person in 1970 to a low of 60 pounds per person

in 1986. Since 1986, use of sucrose has steadily

increased, reaching 67 pounds per person per year in

1996 and 1997. Much of the displacement of sucrose

by HFCS and aspartame has been in soft drinks.

Between 1980 and 1997, beverage manufacturers

reduced their use of sucrose from 19 pounds to 1

pound per capita. The uptick in sucrose consumption

since 1986 reflects increased use by industrial bakers,

confectioners, and breakfast cereal manufacturers and

by consumers in urban areas populated by recent

immigrants, who are likely baking their native foods

from scratch.

Use of corn sweetener (HFCS, glucose, and dextrose)

rose from 19 pounds per capita in 1970 (dry basis) to

a record 86 pounds in 1997, mainly because of

HFCS. Use of HFCS, which is significantly less

expensive than sucrose, rose from 0.5 pound per person in 1970 to 62.4 pounds in 1997. In 1997, beverages accounted for 72 percent of total HFCS deliveries for domestic food and beverage use, compared

with 36 percent in 1980. Use of HFCS in bakery

products and processed foods has jumped higher

since 1990. Corn sweeteners became economical as

a result of abundant corn supplies and low corn

prices. Moreover, sales of byproductscorn oil and

corn gluten feed and mealmade corn sweetener

production even less expensive. At the same time,

Federal sugar programs maintained high support

prices and import quotas on refined sugar. Total corn

sweetener use surpassed cane and beet sugar use for

the first time in 1985.

In 1997, Americans consumed three-fourths more

caloric sweeteners per capita than in 1909 (fig. 17).

In 1909, two-thirds of the sugar produced went

directly into the home, which meant control was in

the hands of the person who bought it. The balance

was used mostly by industry. In contrast, more than

three-quarters of the refined and processed sugars

produced today goes to food and beverage industries,

and less than a quarter is brought home.

The steep rise in caloric sweetener consumption since

the mid-1980s coincides with a 47-percent increase

in annual per capita consumption of regular (nondiet)

carbonated soft drinks, from 28 gallons per person in

1986 to 41 gallons in 1997 (that is 14.5 ounces per

person per day, an amount that contains 11 teaspoonfuls of sugar) (table 39). Carbonated soft drinks

provided more than a fifth (22 percent) of the refined

and processed sugars in the 1994 American diet.

One quarter of the calories available from the 1994

per capita food supply (excluding alcoholic beverages) came from sugars. Lactose from milk and the

sugars occurring naturally in fruit and vegetables

accounted for one-fourth of this amount. The

remaining three-fourthsmore than 18 percent of

total calorieswas from sugars added to foods (table

43).

24 Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
Sugarincluding sucrose, corn sweeteners, honey,

and molassesis, in a sense, the number-one food

additive. It turns up in some unlikely places, such as

pizza, bread, hot dogs, boxed rice mixes, soup, crackers, spaghetti sauce, lunch meat, canned vegetables,

fruit drinks, flavored yogurt, ketchup, salad dressing,

mayonnaise, and some peanut butter.

The new food label, introduced in 1994, which lists

the amount of sugars in grams (4 grams is equivalent

to 1 teaspoon) in a serving of the food, can help people who are trying to moderate their sugar intake.

This number includes both added sugars and those

naturally present. Foods with natural sugars, such as

milk and fruit, are also good sources of other nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals.

Beverages

In 1997, Americans consumed an average of 53 gallons of carbonated soft drinks, followed by beverage

milk, 24 gallons; coffee, 23.5 gallons; and beer, 22

gallons (fig. 21, table 39). Between 1977 and 1997,

per capita consumption increased 908 percent for

bottled water, 61 percent for carbonated soft drinks,

42 percent for fruit juices, and 11 percent for wine.

During the same period, per capita consumption

declined 40 percent for distilled spirits, 17 percent

for beverage milk, 4 percent for coffee, 2 percent for

beer, and 1 percent for tea. 

Spices

Annual per capita spice consumption, excluding

dehydrated onion and garlic, reached a record 2.9

pounds per person per year in 1996 and 1997 (table

92). Thats more than a pound above 1970 and 1980

levels. The growth in per capita spice consumption

reflects a trend toward the use of spices to compensate for less salt and lower fat levels in foods, and

heightened popularity of ethnic foods from Asia,

Mediterranean countries, and Latin America.

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 25
USDAs Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion

(CNPP) estimates the amounts per capita per day of

food energy and 24 nutrients and food components in

the U.S. food supply (table 42). Table 43 shows

nutrient contributions from the major food groups for

the years 1970 and 1994.

Food supply nutrient estimates are derived from data

on the amount of food available for consumption and

data on the nutrient composition of foods. ERS provides information on annual domestic per capita use

for most foods. The food composition data come

from the Primary Nutrient Data Set, a reference

nutrient database from USDAs Agricultural Research

Services National Nutrient Data Bank System.

Nutrient values exclude nutrients from the inedible

parts of foods, such as bones, rinds, and seeds, but

include nutrients from parts of food that are edible

but not always eaten, such as the separable fat on

meat. Nutrient estimates are based on food disappearance data; thus, they represent nutrients in foods

available for consumption and not actual nutrient

intakes by individuals. 

Nutrient levels in the food supply should exceed recommended allowances because further losses from

trimming, cooking, plate waste, and spoilage are not

accounted for in these values, and food is not distributed equally within the population. Per capita values

are averages for the population.

Nutrient estimates reflect market conditions, technological developments, up-to-date food composition

values, and nutrients added commercially through

enrichment and fortification. Nutrient levels and

nutrient contributions from major food groups to the

U.S. food supply are used to examine historical

trends and evaluate changes in the American diet

over time. The following summary highlights trends

in nutrient levels and their sources between 1970 and

1994, and nutrient contributions to the U.S. food supply from major food groups for the years 1970 and

1994.

Food Energy

The level of food energy in the U.S. food supply

increased from 3,300 calories per capita per day in

1970 to 3,800 calories in 1994 (table 42). This 15-

percent increase reflects higher levels of all three

energy-yielding nutrients: carbohydrate, fat, and protein. The proportion of calories from carbohydrate

increased from 47 to 51 percent while the share from

fat decreased from 42 to 38 percent (fig. 22). Protein

has consistently accounted for about 11 percent of

calories.

In 1970, the meat-poultry-and-fish group and the

grain-products group contributed equal amounts of

food energy to the U.S. food supply20 percent

each, followed by caloric sweeteners at 18 percent,

fats and oils at 18 percent, and dairy products at 11

percent (fig. 23, table 43). By 1994, grain products

had become the leading source of food energy, providing 25 percent of the total; followed by fats and

oils at 20 percent; caloric sweeteners at 18 percent;

meat, poultry, and fish at 14 percent; and dairy products at 9 percent.

Carbohydrate

The level of carbohydrate in the U.S. food supply

increased from 386 grams per capita per day in 1970

to 491 grams in 1994 (table 42). This 27-percent

increase reflects greater use of grains and sweeteners.

Carbohydrate from grain products increased from

134 to 199 grams, or 49 percent, between 1970 and

1994 (table 43). Carbohydrate from sugars and

sweeteners rose from 152 to 184 grams, or 21 percent, during the same period. 

In 1970, caloric sweeteners contributed the most carbohydrate to the U.S. food supply39 percent, followed by grain products at 35 percent, vegetables at

10 percent, and dairy products and fruits at 6 percent

each (fig. 24, table 43). By 1994, grain products had

become the leading source of carbohydrateproviding 41 percent of the total, followed closely by

caloric sweeteners at 37 percent. Vegetables, fruits,

26 Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA

Nutrients
and dairy products provided 8 percent, 6 percent, and

5 percent of total carbohydrate in 1994.

Protein

The level of protein in the U.S. food supply increased

from 95 grams per capita per day in 1970 to 110

grams in 1994 (table 42). This 16-percent rise

reflects increasing consumption of grain, poultry, and

cheese. 

In 1970, the meat, poultry, and fish group contributed

the most protein to the food supply40 percent, followed by dairy products at 21 percent, and grain

products at 19 percent (table 43). By 1994, the meat,

poultry, and fish groups contribution to total protein

had dropped 1 percentage point to 39 percent, the

dairy groups contribution had fallen 2 percentage

points to 19 percent, and the grain groups contribution had jumped up 5 percentage points to 24 percent. The gain in protein from increased cheese consumption was not enough to offset the loss in protein

from decreased beverage milk consumption. A 136-

percent increase in per capita cheese consumption

between 1970 and 1994 boosted cheeses contribution to total protein 3 percentage points, from 5 percent to 8 percent. A 21-percent decline in per capita

beverage milk consumption during the same period

lowered beverage milks contribution to total protein

4 percentage points, from 12 percent to 8 percent. 

Fat

The level of fat in the U.S. food supply increased

from 154 grams per capita per day in 1970 to 159

grams in 1994 (table 42). This 3-percent gain in fat

reflects increased use of salad and cooking oils and

shortening. Between 1970 and 1994, animal sources

share of total fat declined from 61 to 48 percent,

while vegetable sources share jumped from 39 to 52

percent.

In 1970, the fats and oils group contributed the most

fat to the U.S. food supply43 percent, followed by

the meat, poultry, and fish group at 35 percent (fig.

25, table 43). By 1994, the fats and oils groups contribution to total fat had jumped up 9 percentage

points, to 52 percent, probably due to the greatly

expanded consumption of fried foods in foodservice

outlets, the huge increase in consumption of high-fat

snack foods, and the increased use of salad dressings.

In contrast, by 1994, the meat, poultry, and fish

groups contribution to total fat had dropped 10 percentage points, to 25 percent, reflecting changes in

fat-trimming practices at processor and retail levels,

improvements in animal husbandry, and increasing

substitution of poultry and fish for red meats. The

dairy products groups contribution to total fat

declined from 12.6 to 12.3 percent between 1970 and

1994, even as total grams of fat from dairy products

increased from 19 to 20 grams per person per day. A

fat decline accompanying a shift from whole milk to

lower fat milks was offset by a fat increase associated with big hikes in cheese and cream products use. 

Fatty Acids. Changes in levels of fatty acids reflect

the shift from animal to vegetable sources of fat.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids increased 19 percent

between 1970 and 1994, from 26 to 31 grams per

capita per day (table 42). Monounsaturated fatty

acids increased 3 percent, from 63 to 65 grams.

Saturated fatty acids declined 4 percent, from 54 to

52 grams.

In 1970, the meat, poultry, and fish group contributed

the most saturated fat to the U.S. food supply37

percent, followed by the fats and oils group at 33

percent (table 43). By 1994, the fats and oils groups

contribution to total saturated fat had jumped up 8

percentage points, to 41 percent, and the meat, poultry, and fish groups contribution had dropped 11 percentage points, to 26 percent. The dairy groups contribution to total saturated fat increased a bit between

1970 and 1994, from 22 to 24 percent.

In 1970, the fats and oils group contributed the most

monounsaturated fat to the U.S. food supply45

percent, followed by the meat, poultry, and fish

group at 37 percent (table 43). By 1994, the fats and

oils groups contribution to total monounsaturated fat

had jumped up 11 percentage points, to 56 percent,

and the meat, poultry, and fish groups contribution

had dropped 11 percentage points, to 26 percent. The

dairy group contributed 9 percent of total monounsaturated fat in 1970 and in 1994.

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 27
In 1970, the fats and oils group also contributed the

most polyunsaturated fat to the U.S. food supply63

percent, followed by the meat, poultry, and fish

group at 20 percent (table 43). By 1994, the fats and

oils groups contribution had jumped up 6 percentage

points, to 69 percent, and the meat, poultry, and fish

groups contribution had dropped 5 percentage

points, to 15 percent.

Cholesterol

The level of cholesterol in the U.S. diet declined

from 470 milligrams per capita per day in 1970 to

410 milligrams in 1994 (table 42). This 13-percent

decline reflects declining use of eggs, red meat, and

fluid whole milk, as well as a growing preference for

leaner animal products.

In 1970, the meat, poultry, and fish group contributed

the most cholesterol to the U.S. diet40 percent, followed by eggs at 39 percent, and the dairy group at

15 percent (table 43). By 1994, the meat, poultry,

and fish groups contribution to total cholesterol

increased 4 percentage points, to 44 percent, due to

increased poultry and fish consumption. By 1994,

eggs contribution to total cholesterol consumption

had declined 5 percentage points, to 34 percent. By

1994, the dairy groups contribution had increased 1

percentage point, to 16 percent.

Micronutrients

Vitamin B12 is the only micronutrient whose level in

the U.S. per capita food supply declined between

1970 and 1994; the 19-percent decline in vitamin

B12 reflects lower consumption of organ meats, such

as liver, and of egg yolks (table 42). All other vitamins (A, C, E, B6, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and

folate) and all minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and potassium) show

gains in per capita supply from 1970 to 1994.

Vitamin A. The level of vitamin A in the U.S. food

supply increased from 1,500 retinol equivalents (RE)

per capita per day in 1970 to 1,520 RE in 1994 (table

42). This 1-percent increase in vitamin A masks significant shifts in sources of vitamin A. A decrease in

vitamin A associated with lower consumption of

organ meats and egg yolks nearly offset an increase

in vitamin A accompanying higher consumption of

dark green and deep yellow vegetables in 1994.

The meat, poultry, and fish groups contribution to

total vitamin A declined 35 percent between 1970

and 1994, from 440 RE to 325 RE (table 43). In

contrast, the dark-green and deep-yellow vegetables

groups contribution to total vitamin A increased 41

percent during that period, from 305 RE to 431 RE.

The level of carotene (a precursor of vitamin A) in

the food supply increased from 510 RE in 1970 to

660 RE in 1994. This 29-percent gain in carotene

reflects the development of new varieties of deepyellow vegetables (for example, carrots) that contain

more carotene than previous varieties. Greater use of

broccoli and green peppers also boosted carotene levels. 

Vitamin C. The level of vitamin C in the U.S. food

supply increased from 107 milligrams per person per

day in 1970 to 124 milligrams in 1994 (table 42).

This 16-percent increase in vitamin C reflects higher

fruit consumption, spurred by improvements in variety and year-round availability of many fresh fruits.

In 1970, the vegetable group contributed the most

vitamin C to the U.S. food supply50 percent, followed by the fruit group at 39 percent (table 43). By

1994, the vegetable groups contribution to total vitamin C had dropped 3 percentage points, to 47 percent, and the fruit groups contribution had jumped

up 5 percentage points, to 44 percent.

Vitamin E. The level of vitamin E in the U.S. food

supply increased from 14 milligrams per person per

day in 1970 to 17 milligrams in 1994 (table 42).

This 23-percent increase in vitamin E reflects greater

use of salad and cooking oils.

In 1970, the fats and oils group contributed the most

vitamin E to the U.S. food supply64 percent, followed by the vegetable group at 8 percent; the meat,

poultry, and fish group and the legumes, soy, and

nuts group at 6 percent each; and the grain products

group at 5 percent (table 43). By 1994, the fats and

oils groups contribution had jumped up 4 percentage

points, to 68 percent.

28 Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
Folate. The level of folate in the U.S. food supply

increased from 279 micrograms per person per day in

1970 to 331 micrograms in 1994 (table 42). This 19-

percent increase in folate reflects greater use of grain

products and citrus fruits.

In 1970, the vegetable group contributed the most

folate to the U.S. food supply, 28 percent, followed

by the legumes, soy, and nuts group at 20 percent;

the grain products group at 13 percent; the meat,

poultry, and fish group at 11 percent; and the fruit

group at 10 percent (table 43). By 1994, the vegetable groups contribution had dropped 4 percentage

points, to 24 percent; the grain products groups contribution had jumped up 9 percentage points, to 22

percent; the legumes, soy, and nuts groups contribution had remained stable at 20 percent; the fruit

groups contribution climbed 2 percentage points, to

12 percent; and the meat, poultry, and fish groups

contribution fell 3 percentage points, to 7 percent.

Vitamin B6. The level of vitamin B6 in the U.S.

food supply increased from 2.0 milligrams per person

per day in 1970 to 2.3 milligrams in 1994 (table 42).

This 15-percent increase in vitamin B6 reflects

greater use of grain products and noncitrus fruits.

In 1970, the meat, poultry, and fish group contributed

the most vitamin B6 to the U.S. food supply, 39 percent, followed by the vegetable group at 23 percent,

the dairy group at 12 percent, and the fruit group and

the grain products group at 9 percent each (table 43).

By 1994, the meat, poultry, and fish groups contribution had dropped 3 percentage points, to 36 percent; the vegetable groups contribution had remained

stable at 23 percent; the grain products groups contribution had jumped up 4 percentage points, to 13

percent; the fruit groups contribution had risen 2

percentage points, to 11 percent; and the dairy products groups contribution had fallen 2 percentage

points, to 10 percent.

Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, and Iron. The levels

of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron in the U.S. per

capita food supply increased by 35, 13, 32, and 38

percent, respectively, between 1970 and 1994 (table

42). These increases in thiamin, riboflavin, niacin,

and iron reflect hikes in enrichment levels of flour

called for by revisions in Federal standards in the

1970s as well as increased grain consumption in

more recent years.

In 1970, the grain products group contributed the

most thiamin to the U.S. food supply, 40 percent, followed by the meat, poultry, and fish group at 25 percent (table 43). By 1994, the grain products groups

contribution had jumped up 15 percentage points, to

55 percent, and the meat, poultry, and fish groups

contribution had dropped 6 percentage points, to 19

percent.

In 1970, the dairy products group contributed the

most riboflavin to the U.S. food supply, 36 percent,

followed by the meat, poultry, and fish group at 22

percent, and the grain products group at 19 percent

(table 43). By 1994, the grain products group and

the dairy group provided the same amount of

riboflavin to the food supply, 31 percent each, followed by the meat, poultry, and fish group at 18 percent.

In 1970, the meat, poultry, and fish group contributed

the most niacin to the U.S. food supply, 45 percent,

followed by the grain products group at 28 percent.

By 1994, the grain products groups contribution had

jumped up 12 percentage points, to 40 percent, and

the meat, poultry, and fish groups contribution had

dropped 7 percentage points, to 38 percent. 

In 1970, the grain products group contributed the

most iron to the U.S. food supply, 37 percent, followed by the meat, poultry, and fish group at 23 percent, and the vegetable group at 14 percent (table

43). By 1994, the grain products groups contribution was up 14 percentage points, to 51 percent; the

meat, poultry, and fish groups contribution was

down 7 percentage points, to 16 percent; and the vegetable groups contribution was down 3 percentage

points, to 11 percent.

Calcium. The level of calcium in the U.S. food supply increased from 890 milligrams per person per day

in 1970 to 960 milligrams in 1994 (table 42). This 8-

percent increase in calcium reflects higher cheese

consumption and the switch to lower fat beverage

milks and yogurt from whole milk products. (Lower

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 29
fat milks contain a little more calcium per cup than

does whole milk.) The dairy group contributes the

most calcium to the U.S. food supply, 75 percent in

1970 and 73 percent in 1994 (table 43).

Phosphorus. The level of phosphorus in the U.S.

food supply, excluding the phosphorus contained in

carbonated cola soft drinks, increased from 1,460

milligrams per person per day in 1970 to 1,680 milligrams in 1994 (table 42). This 15-percent increase

in phosphorus reflects higher grain consumption in

1994.

In 1970, the dairy products group contributed the

most phosphorus to the U.S. food supply, 36 percent,

followed by the meat, poultry, and fish group at 27

percent, and the grain products group at 14 percent

(table 43). By 1994, the dairy products groups contribution had dropped 3 percentage points, to 33 percent; the meat, poultry, and fish groups contribution

had fallen 2 percentage points, to 25 percent; and the

grain products groups contribution had jumped up 7

percentage points, to 21 percent.

Soft drinks have not been a part of the U.S. food supply nutrient database because of concern about double counting the caloric sweeteners and calories they

contain. However, improved data availability now

makes it possible to measure the phosphorus content

of colas; CNPP researchers will adjust the food supply nutrient database to include the phosphorus contribution from colas in the coming year. An average

12-ounce carbonated cola drink contains about 46

milligrams of phosphorus. The 111-percent increase

in per capita consumption of carbonated soft drinks,

most of which are colas, between 1970 and 1994

means that the increase in the total per capita supply

of phosphorus during those years was greater than

the 15 percent indicated by the data in table 42.

Magnesium. The level of magnesium in the U.S.

food supply increased from 320 milligrams per person per day in 1970 to 380 milligrams in 1994 (table

42). This 16-percent gain in magnesium reflects

higher use of grain products.

In 1970, the dairy products group contributed the

most magnesium to the U.S. food supply, 20 percent,

followed by the grain products group at 18 percent,

and the vegetable group at 17 percent (table 43). By

1994, the grain products groups contribution had

jumped up 8 percentage points, to 26 percent; the

dairy products groups contribution had declined 4

percentage points, to 16 percent; and the vegetable

groups contribution had declined 3 percent, to 14

percent.

Zinc. The level of zinc in the U.S. food supply has

increased from 12.2 milligrams per person per day in

1970 to 13.2 milligrams in 1994 (table 42). This 8-

percent increase in zinc reflects increased consumption of grain products.

In 1970, the meat, poultry, and fish group contributed

the most zinc to the U.S. food supply, 48 percent, followed by the dairy products group at 19 percent, and

the grain products group at 12 percent (table 43). By

1994, the meat, poultry, and fish groups contribution

had dropped 6 percentage points, to 42 percent; the

dairy products groups contribution had remained stable at 19 percent; and the grain products groups contribution had jumped up 6 percentage points, to 18

percent. Beef and liver of all kinds are excellent

sources of zinc; per capita consumption of these

foods declined between 1970 and 1994. Fortified

breakfast cereals, yogurt, chicken, and turkey are

good sources of zinc; per capita consumption of these

foods increased during the same period. 

Copper. The level of copper in the U.S. food supply

has increased from 1.6 milligrams per person per day

in 1970 to 1.9 milligrams in 1994 (table 42). This

19-percent increase in copper reflects increased consumption of grain, legumes, soy, and nuts (table 43).

In 1970, vegetables contributed the most copper to

the U.S. food supply, 24 percent, followed by the

meat, poultry, and fish group at 19 percent, the grain

products group at 17 percent, and the legumes, soy,

and nuts group at 16 percent. By 1994, the grain

products group had jumped up 6 percentage points to

take the lead at 23 percent; the legumes, soy, and

nuts group had jumped up 4 percentage points, to 20

percent; the vegetable group had dropped 4 percentage points, to 20 percent; and the meat, poultry, and

30 Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 Economic Research Service/USDA
fish group had fallen 5 percentage points, to 14 percent.

Potassium. The level of potassium in the U.S. food

supply has increased from 3,510 milligrams per person per day in 1970 to 3,780 milligrams in 1994

(table 42). This 8-percent increase in potassium

reflects increased consumption of grain products and

fruits, especially bananas and orange juice.

In 1970, vegetables contributed the most potassium

to the U.S. food supply, 28 percent, followed by the

dairy products group at 22 percent; the meat, poultry,

and fish group at 17 percent; the fruit group at 9 percent; and the grain products group at 6 percent. By

1994, the vegetable group, the dairy products group,

and the meat, poultry, and fish group had retained

their first, second, and third place standings.

However, the fruit groups contribution to total potassium intake had jumped up 3 percentage points, to 12

percent, and the grain products groups contribution

had jumped up 4 percentage points, to 10 percent.

Economic Research Service/USDA Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97 31
Production + Beginning Stocks + Imports

Exports + Farm and Industrial Use + Ending Stocks

U.S. Food Consumption (disappearance)

minus

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.

equals

Figure 1Estimating U.S. food consumption
-32%

-23%-23%

-16%

17%

24%24%

25%

26%

48%

92%

118%

CoffeeEggsBeverage milkRed meat

Alcoholic beverages

Fats and oils

Fruits and vegetables

Caloric sweeteners 1/

Fish

Flour and cereal products

Poultry

Carbonated soft drinks

Cheese

1/ Includes caloric sweeteners used in soft drinks.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.

Figure 2Changes in U.S. per capita food consumption, 1970-97
Figure 3

1998 total per capita meat consumption was 19 pounds level--a new record high

1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 9

0

50

100150200

Total

Red meat

Poultry

Pounds per capita 1/1/ Boneless, trimmed equivalent. Source: USDA/Economic Research Service. 
Figure 4

Beef is still America’s most popular meat but chicken is 

1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 

0

20406080

Beef

Pork

Chicken

T

1/ Boneless, trimmed equivalent.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.

Pounds per capita 1/
Figure 5

Long-term decline in total per capita egg consumption lthe 1990’s

1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 9

0

50

100150200250300

Shell

Total

Processed

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.

Number per capita
1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 

0

100200300400500600

Figure 6Commercial sales of dairy products reached a 28-year h1/ Milk-equivalent, milkfat basis. 2/ Includes donated butter, cheese, nonfat dry milk, and evaporated m

3/ Includes milk produced and consumed on farms.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.

Pounds per capita 1

/

Donations 2

/

Commercial sales 3

/
1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 

05

1015202530

Total 1

/

Whole

2% reduced fat

1% and fa

1/ Includes flavored milk and buttermilk.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.

Gallons per capitaFigure 7Per capita consumption of beverage milk declined 23 pbetween 1970 and 1997
Figure 8

In 1945, Americans drank more than four times as much carbonated soft drinks; in 1997, they downed nearly two half times more soda than milk

Carbonated soft drinks 1/

Beverage milk

1/ 1947 is the first year for which data on soft drink consumption is available.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.

1945 55 65 75 85 

5

10152025303540455055

Gallons per capita
Figure 9

Per capita consumption of cheese in 1997 was 2-1/2 timin 1970 1/

1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 

05

1015202530

Total

American

Italian

1/ Natural equivalent of cheese and cheese products. Excludes full-skim American and cottage-type c

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.

Pounds per capita
Figure 10

Per capita consumption of total fluid cream products ndoubled between 1970 and 1997

1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 

0369

121518

Total fluid cream products

Sour cream

1/ Half and half, light, and heavy.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.

Half pints per capita

Cream 1/
Figure 11

Total per capita consumption of fruits and vegetables inpercent between 1970 and 1997 1/1/ Fresh-weight equivalent. 2/ Publication of Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, which emphasized the impo

vegetables in the daily diet.Source: Calculated by USDA/Economic Research Service from the Consumer Price Index.

Fruits Vegetables Tota

0

100200300400500600700

238

335

573

262

334

596

295

416

1970 1982 2/ 1997

Pounds per capita
Figure 12

Fruits and vegetables have led in retail price increases, 1Source: Calculated by USDA/Economic Research Service from the Consumer Price Index.

52

50

49

4747

36

61

66

Cereals and bakery products

Fruits and vegetables

Nonalcoholic beverages

Meat, poultry, and fish

Dairy products

Eggs

Sugar and sweets

Fats and oils

Percent increase

All food

All items
Figure 13

Price increases for fresh fruits and vegetables were morthose for processed, 1982-97Source: Calculated by USDA/Economic Research Service from the Consumer Price Index.

138%

107%

54% 

Fresh Processed

Fruits Vegetables Fruits 
Figure 14

Changes in per capita consumption of fresh and procesvegetables, 1982-97

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.

Fruit:

Vegetables:

Better quality, increased vayearround availability have consumption of fresh fruits awhile price, convenience, anpreference for fast-food eatefoods have hiked consumptivegetables (especially frenccanned tomato products.

 Fresh

 Processing

 Fresh

 Processing

0 10 20 30 40 50 

Percent increase

24%

5%

24%

25%
Figure 15

In 1997, per capita consumption of total added fats and percent below 1993’s all-time high level but remained a above the 1970 level

1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 

0

10203040506070

Total

Animal

Vegetable

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.

Pounds per capita
Figure 16

In 1997, Americans consumed more than two-fifths of a pcaloric sweeteners per day

1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 

0

20406080

100120140160

Corn sweeteners

Total 1/

Sucrose

Pounds per capita (dry weight)

 1/ Includes honey, molasses, and other refiner’s syrups.

 Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Figure 17

In 1997, Americans consumed three fourths more calosweeteners per capita than in 1909

1909 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73 81 

5075

100125150

Pounds per capita (dry weight)

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Figure 18

Consumption of candy reached a high of 25 pounds per 1997

1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 

05

10152025

Pounds per capitaSource: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Figure 19

Consumption of flour and cereal products increased 48 between 1970 and 1997, to 200 pounds

1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 

0

50

100150200

Total 1/

Wh

1/ Includes oat, rye, and barley products.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.

Corn products

Pounds per capita
Figure 20

In 1997, Americans consumed 100 pounds less of flour aproducts than did their counterparts in 1909

1909 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73 81 

100150200250300

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.Pounds per capita
24.0

23.5

22.0

13.1

9.2

8.3

7.4

2.0

1.2

0.8

Figure 21Per capita beverage consumption, gallons in 1997

1/ Includes fruit cocktails and ades.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.

Carbonated soft drinks

Milk

Coffee

Beer

Canned iced tea

Distilled spirits

Wine

Bottled water

Fruit drinks 1/

Tea

Fruit juices
Figure 22

Sources of food energy in the U.S. food supply: Fat consas a percentage of total calories has declined since 1970 bremains well above the 1909 level

1909 1970 19

Total calories = 3,400 per capita per day

Total calo per capit

Total calories = 3,300 per capita per day

Source: USDA/Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion.

Protein 12%Carbohydrates 56%

Protein 11%Carbohydrates 47%

Fat32%

Fat42%
Figure 23

In 1970, the meat and grain groups contributed equal amcalories to the U.S. food supply. By 1994, grains had surg

1970 1994

Total food energy = 3,300 calories per capita per day

Total food energy = 3 per capita per d

Source: USDA/Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion.

Other 13%Sweeteners 18%Dairy products 11%Fats and oils 18%Grains 20%Meat, poultry, and fish 20%
1970 1994

Total carbohydrates = 386 grams per capita per day

Source: USDA/Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion.

Sweeteners 39%

Dairy products 6%

Fruit and vegetables 16%Grains 35%

Figure 24In 1994, grains outpaced sweeteners as the leading contrtotal carbohydrate consumption

Total carbohydrates =  per capita per d

Other 4% 
Figure 25

A 3-percent increase in total fat consumption between 19reflects an increase in the use of vegetable fats and oils

1970 1994

Total fat = 154 grams per capita per day

Source: USDA/Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion.

Other 9%

Dairy products 13%

Fats and oils 43%

Meat, poultry, and fish 35%

Total fat = 159 g per capita per 
Figure 26

Meat, poultry, and fish contributed 30 percent less saturaU.S. food supply in 1994 than in 1970

1970 1994

Source: USDA/Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion.

Other 8%

Dairy products 22%

Fats and oils 33%

Meat, poultry, and fish 37%

Total saturated fat =  per capita per 

Total saturated fat = 54 grams per capita per day
Figure 27

Consumer Price Index for all items and food, annual perchange

1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 

02468

10121416

Source: U.S. Department of Labor/Bureau of Labor Statistics.Percent

All items

Food
Figure 28

Consumer Price Index, food at home and away from hompercentage change

1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 

02468

1012141618

Percent

Food away from home

Food at home

Source: U.S. Department of Labor/Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Figure 29

U.S. food expenditures by families and individuals, 1960

1960 66 72 78 84 90 

05

101520

1/ Total food expenditures have been increasing, yet the percent of income spent for food has been dec

Source: U.S. Department of Labor/Bureau of Labor Statistics.

% of disposable income 

Percent

Dollars
Figure 30

Share of income spent for food 1/

1960 66 72 78 84 90 

2468

1012141618

% of disposable income

Food away from home

Food at ho

1/ Total food spending by families and individuals declined to 10.7 percent of disposable income in 37 

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.

Total food
Table 1--Major foods: Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Selected fruits 7/

Meat, poultry, and fish 2/ Dairy Fats 

Year Red Eggs products and For Total

meat Poultry Fish Total 5/ oils Fresh processing 4/

3/ 4/ 6/

------------------------- Pounds ------------------------- Number ----------------------------------- Pounds -----------------------------------

1970 131.7 33.8 11.7 177.3 308.9 563.8 52.6 101.2 136.5 237.7

1971 135.5 34.0 11.5 181.0 309.9 557.9 51.8 100.3 141.7 242.0

1972 131.8 35.4 12.5 179.7 303.0 559.6 53.4 94.8 136.8 231.5

1973 121.8 33.7 12.7 168.2 288.4 554.8 53.3 96.4 138.4 234.9

1974 130.4 33.8 12.1 176.3 283.0 535.0 52.4 95.6 138.6 234.2

1975 125.8 32.9 12.1 170.9 276.0 539.1 52.6 101.8 150.3 252.1

1976 133.0 35.5 12.9 181.4 269.8 539.7 55.1 101.5 155.5 257.0

1977 132.3 35.9 12.6 180.9 267.0 540.2 53.3 99.7 170.4 270.1

1978 127.5 37.3 13.4 178.2 271.5 544.3 54.9 103.4 154.4 257.8

1979 124.4 40.1 13.0 177.6 276.6 548.2 56.4 100.1 149.7 249.8

1980 126.4 40.8 12.4 179.6 271.1 543.2 57.2 104.8 157.5 262.4

1981 125.1 42.1 12.6 179.7 264.4 540.6 57.4 103.6 156.5 260.2

1982 119.8 42.2 12.4 174.4 264.1 554.6 58.2 107.4 154.7 262.1

1983 123.9 42.7 13.3 180.0 260.2 572.9 60.0 110.0 168.5 278.6

1984 123.7 44.0 14.1 181.7 260.1 581.9 61.6 112.6 153.5 266.0

1985 124.9 45.5 15.0 185.4 254.7 593.7 64.3 110.6 158.8 269.4

1986 122.2 47.4 15.4 184.9 253.5 591.5 64.5 117.3 159.0 276.3

1987 117.4 51.0 16.1 184.5 253.8 601.2 63.2 121.6 164.0 285.5

1988 119.5 51.9 15.1 186.6 246.6 582.5 63.6 120.9 151.9 272.8

1989 115.9 53.9 15.6 185.4 237.0 563.8 60.8 122.8 156.3 279.1

1990 112.3 56.3 15.0 183.5 234.3 568.4 62.8 116.3 157.1 273.5

1991 111.9 58.3 14.8 185.1 233.7 565.6 65.4 113.0 153.6 266.6

1992 114.1 60.8 14.7 189.5 235.0 565.9 67.4 123.5 144.5 268.0

1993 112.1 62.5 14.9 189.5 235.6 574.1 70.2 124.9 160.5 285.4

1994 114.7 63.3 15.1 193.2 237.7 586.0 68.6 126.5 157.8 284.3

1995 115.1 62.9 14.9 193.0 235.4 584.4 66.9 124.6 160.8 285.4

1996 112.8 64.4 14.7 191.8 237.1 575.5 65.8 129.0 160.8 289.8

1997 111.0 64.8 14.5 190.3 238.7 579.8 65.6 133.2 161.5 294.7

Selected vegetables 7/ Flour Caloric

Tree nuts Peanuts and cereal sweet- Coffee Tea Cocoa

Fresh For Total 8/ 9/ products eners 12/ 13/ 14/

processing 4/ 10/ 11/

Pounds

1970 152.9 182.5 335.4 1.7 5.5 135.6 122.3 13.6 0.7 3.1

1971 146.7 191.6 338.3 1.9 5.5 135.1 123.4 13.1 0.8 3.1

1972 149.9 186.7 336.6 2.0 5.7 133.1 125.0 13.7 0.8 3.5

1973 146.6 187.1 333.8 1.8 6.0 136.3 125.6 13.5 0.8 3.3

1974 144.5 188.6 333.2 1.6 5.8 135.5 121.9 12.8 0.8 2.9

1975 147.1 189.9 337.0 1.9 6.0 139.1 118.0 12.2 0.8 2.6

1976 146.4 200.9 347.3 1.9 5.6 143.0 123.9 12.5 0.8 3.0

1977 147.0 196.9 343.9 1.7 5.7 140.9 126.6 9.4 0.8 2.6

1978 141.6 191.5 333.1 1.7 5.9 138.9 124.6 10.5 0.8 2.7

1979 146.5 192.5 339.1 1.7 5.9 144.1 125.7 11.3 0.7 2.7

1980 149.3 187.2 336.4 1.8 4.8 144.7 123.0 10.3 0.8 2.7

1981 142.8 189.6 332.4 1.9 5.5 145.6 122.2 10.0 0.8 2.9

1982 148.6 185.6 334.3 2.2 6.0 147.9 120.4 9.9 0.7 3.0

1983 148.5 188.6 337.1 2.3 5.9 147.6 121.9 10.1 0.7 3.2

1984 154.0 200.6 354.6 2.4 6.1 149.1 124.6 10.2 0.8 3.4

1985 156.1 201.9 358.1 2.4 6.3 156.6 128.8 10.5 0.8 3.7

1986 156.2 202.6 358.7 2.2 6.4 162.3 127.0 10.5 0.8 3.8

1987 162.4 201.6 364.0 2.2 6.4 171.3 131.6 10.2 0.7 3.8

1988 167.4 195.7 363.1 2.3 6.9 175.5 132.7 9.8 0.7 3.8

1989 172.2 206.0 378.2 2.2 7.0 174.5 133.1 10.1 0.7 4.0

1990 167.2 215.6 382.8 2.4 6.0 182.0 137.0 10.3 0.7 4.3

1991 167.2 226.6 393.9 2.2 6.5 183.6 137.9 10.3 0.8 4.6

1992 171.1 222.1 393.2 2.2 6.2 186.2 141.2 10.0 0.9 4.6

1993 171.9 227.9 399.8 2.4 6.0 191.0 144.4 9.1 0.9 4.3

1994 177.4 227.4 404.8 2.3 5.8 194.0 147.4 8.2 0.9 3.9

1995 175.1 229.9 405.0 1.9 5.7 192.5 149.9 8.0 0.9 3.6

1996 181.8 234.5 416.2 2.0 5.7 198.4 150.7 8.9 0.8 4.2

1997 185.6 230.4 416.0 2.2 5.8 200.1 154.1 9.3 0.8 4.1

 1/ Final consumer products from a combination of primary food groups, such as bakery products, are measured and reported in the form of

their primary ingredients, such as flour, shortening, and eggs. 2/ Boneless, trimmed equivalent. 3/ Excludes edible offals. 4/ Computed from

unrounded data. 5/ Milk equivalent, milkfat basis. Includes butter. 6/ Fat-content basis. Includes butter. 7/ Farm weight. 8/ Kernel basis. 

9/ Shelled basis. 10/ Consumption of most items at the processing level. Excludes quantities used in alcoholic beverages, fuel, and sweeteners. 

11/ Dry-weight basis. 12/ Green bean equivalent. 13/ Dry leaf equivalent. 14/ Chocolate liquor equivalent.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 2--Selected items: Average annual per capita consumption, selected periods

Item Unit 1972-76 1977-81 1982-86 1987-91 1992-96 1997

Meat, poultry, and fish 1/ Pounds 175.3 179.2 181.3 185.0 191.4 190.3

 Red meats 2/ " 128.6 127.2 122.9 115.4 113.7 111.0

 Beef " 81.7 77.4 73.9 66.1 63.5 63.8

 Veal " 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.9

 Pork " 43.3 47.0 46.5 47.2 48.6 45.6

 Lamb and mutton " 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8

 Poultry " 34.3 39.2 44.4 54.3 62.8 64.8

 Chicken " 27.5 31.7 35.4 41.3 48.6 50.9

 Turkey " 6.8 7.5 9.0 13.0 14.2 13.9

 Fish and shellfish " 12.5 12.8 14.0 15.3 14.9 14.5

Eggs Number 284.0 270.1 258.5 241.1 236.2 238.7

All dairy products, including butter 3/ Pounds 545.6 543.3 578.9 576.3 577.2 579.8

 Beverage milks Gallons 30.0 28.1 26.4 25.9 24.7 24.0

 Plain " 28.2 26.4 24.9 24.3 23.2 22.5

 Whole " 21.3 17.3 14.3 11.1 8.8 8.2

 2 percent fat " 4.5 6.1 7.5 8.9 8.5 7.7

 1 percent fat " 1.0 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.6

 Skim " 1.5 1.3 1.4 2.2 3.4 4.0

 Flavored " 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2

 Whole " 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

 Lowfat and skim " 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9

 Buttermilk " 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3

 Yogurt 1/2 pints 3.0 4.5 6.4 7.8 8.5 9.5

 Fluid cream products " 9.9 10.4 12.6 14.4 15.5 17.0

 Cheese 4/ Pounds 14.1 17.1 21.5 24.3 26.8 28.0

 American 5/ " 8.2 9.6 11.8 11.4 11.6 12.0

 Cheddar " 6.2 6.9 9.4 9.5 9.1 9.6

 Italian " 3.0 4.2 5.9 8.5 10.3 11.0

 Mozzarella " 1.9 2.8 4.2 6.4 7.9 8.4

 Other 6/ " 2.9 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.9 5.1

 Cream and Neufchatel " 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.6 2.1 2.3

 Frozen dairy products 7/ " 28.0 26.8 27.3 28.4 29.2 28.7

 Ice cream " 17.8 17.5 18.1 16.8 16.0 16.2

 Lowfat ice cream 8/ " 7.5 7.3 6.9 7.8 7.3 7.9

 Sherbet " 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3

 Frozen yogurt " NA NA NA NA 3.2 2.1

 Condensed and evaporated milk " 9.4 7.5 7.4 7.9 7.6 6.6

 Skim milk " 3.9 3.4 3.6 4.6 4.9 4.0

 Whole milk " 5.6 4.0 3.8 3.3 2.7 2.6

 Nonfat dry milk " 4.1 3.0 2.3 2.5 3.2 3.4

 Dried whey " 2.1 2.6 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.4

Fats and oils, fat content 9/ " 53.4 55.8 61.7 63.2 67.8 65.6

 Vegetable fat " 41.8 44.4 49.3 52.9 56.8 55.4

 Animal fat " 11.6 11.4 12.4 10.2 11.0 10.3

Fats and oils, product weight " 56.6 58.9 64.8 66.2 70.7 68.2

 Butter " 4.7 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.2

 Margarine " 11.3 11.2 10.8 10.5 10.1 8.6

 Lard (direct use) 10/ " 3.3 2.5 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.3

 Edible tallow (direct use) 10/ " NA NA 1.8 0.8 2.5 2.4

 Shortening " 17.3 18.0 20.7 21.8 23.3 20.9

 Salad and cooking oils " 18.0 20.6 23.2 25.6 26.6 28.7

 Other edible fats and oils 11/ " 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.1

 See footnotes at end of table. Continued--
Table 2--Selected items: Average annual per capita consumption, selected periods--continued

Item Unit 1972-76 1977-81 1982-86 1987-91 1992-96 1997

Total fruit and vegetables (farm weight) Pounds 579.5 597.0 619.0 651.9 686.4 710.8

 Total fruit " 241.9 260.0 270.5 275.5 282.6 294.7

 Fresh fruit " 98.0 102.3 111.6 118.9 125.7 133.2

 Citrus " 27.8 25.0 23.9 22.7 24.9 26.8

 Noncitrus " 70.2 77.4 87.7 96.3 100.8 106.4

 Processed fruit " 143.9 157.7 158.9 156.6 156.9 161.5

 Frozen fruit, noncitrus " 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.7 3.7 3.5

 Dried fruit, noncitrus " 10.1 9.6 12.1 12.9 12.1 10.8

 Canned fruit, noncitrus " 24.0 23.3 20.8 20.8 20.2 20.5

 Selected fruit juices " 106.0 121.1 122.5 118.8 120.5 126.1

 Citrus " 93.5 102.9 97.0 88.2 88.1 95.1

 Noncitrus " 12.4 18.3 25.5 30.6 32.4 31.0

 Total vegetables " 337.6 337.0 348.5 376.4 403.7 416.0

 Fresh vegetables " 146.9 145.4 152.7 167.3 175.4 185.6

 Potatoes " 52.3 48.5 48.1 48.9 49.5 47.9

 Other " 94.6 97.0 104.6 118.3 126.0 137.7

 Processed vegetables " 190.7 191.5 195.8 209.1 228.3 230.4

 Vegetables for canning " 100.7 99.8 98.7 104.1 110.0 105.9

 Tomatoes " 62.4 61.8 63.3 69.7 74.7 72.7

 Other " 38.2 38.0 35.4 34.3 35.3 33.2

 Vegetables for freezing " 51.6 56.8 60.4 67.7 77.8 81.5

 Potatoes " 35.8 40.0 42.6 47.1 55.5 59.0

 Other " 15.8 16.7 17.7 20.5 22.3 22.5

 Dehydrated vegetables and chips 12/ " 31.5 28.8 30.0 30.5 32.3 34.5

 Pulses 13/ " 7.0 6.3 6.8 6.9 8.2 8.5

Tree nuts (shelled basis) " 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2

Peanuts (kernel basis) " 5.8 5.6 6.1 6.6 5.9 5.8

Flour and cereal products " 137.4 142.9 152.7 177.4 192.4 200.1

 Wheat flour " 113.4 116.0 120.8 132.8 143.4 149.7

 Rye flour " 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6

 Rice (milled basis) " 7.2 8.6 10.2 15.3 18.6 19.5

 Corn products 14/ " 10.3 12.7 16.2 21.8 22.5 23.1

 Oat products 15/ " 4.5 3.9 3.9 6.0 6.5 6.5

 Barley products 16/ " 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7

Caloric sweeteners 17/ " 122.9 124.4 124.5 134.5 146.7 154.1

 Refined cane and beet sugar " 96.3 87.6 66.7 63.1 65.2 66.5

 Corn sweeteners " 25.3 35.5 56.5 70.0 80.1 86.2

 High fructose corn syurp " 3.6 15.4 37.2 49.0 56.3 62.4

Cocoa (chocolate liquor equivalent) 18/ " 3.1 2.7 3.4 4.1 4.1 4.1

Coffee Gallons 32.8 26.8 26.8 26.5 22.7 23.5

Tea " 7.5 7.2 7.0 7.0 8.1 7.4

Carbonated soft drinks " 28.1 34.4 35.6 45.2 50.7 53.0

 Regular " 25.1 29.6 29.1 34.7 39.0 41.4

 Diet " 3.0 4.9 6.5 10.5 11.7 11.6

Fruit juices " 6.5 6.9 7.9 7.8 8.7 9.2

Bottled water " NA 2.1 4.0 7.1 10.5 13.1

Beer " 20.6 23.6 24.1 23.7 22.4 22.0

Wine " 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.1 1.8 2.0

Distilled spirits " 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.2

 Notes: NA = Not available. Totals may not add due to rounding.

 1/ Boneless, trimmed equivalent. 2/ Excludes edible offals. 3/ Milk equivalent, milkfat basis. Items shown separately are product-weight or liquid measure

basis. 4/ Natural equivalent of cheese and cheese products. Excludes full-skim American, cottage, pot, and baker's cheese. 5/ Cheddar, Colby, washed curd,

stirred curd, Monterey, and Jack. 6/ Swiss, brick, Muenster, blue, and other miscellaneous cheeses. 7/ Includes mellorine until 1990, and nonstandardized

frozen dairy products not listed separately. 8/ Formerly known as ice milk. 9/ Fat content of butter and margarine calculated as 80 percent of product weight. 

10/ Excludes use in margarine and shortening. 11/ Specialty fats used mainly in confectionery products and non-dairy creamers. 12/ Potatoes and dehydrated

onions. 13/ Dry peas, lentils, and dry edible beans. 14/ Corn flour, meal, hominy, grits, and cornstarch; excludes corn sweeteners. 15/ Oatmeal, oat cereal, oat

flour, and oat bran. 16/ Barley flour, pearl barley, and malt and malt extract. 17/ Dry weight. Includes honey and edible syrups. 18/ Chocolate liquor is what

remains after cocoa beans have been toasted and dehulled; it is sometimes called ground or bitter chocolate.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 3--Conversion factors used to obtain retail weight from primary weight 1/

Primary Primary

Item weight Factor used Item weight Factor used

basis 2/ basis 2/

Red meats: Fresh fruits:

 Beef Carcass 3/ Citrus--

 Veal do. 0.83 Oranges Farm 0.97

 Lamb and mutton do. 0.89 Tangerines do. 0.94

 Pork, excluding lard do. 4/ Tangelos do. 0.96

 Grapefruits do. 0.97

Young chicken (broilers) Ready to cook 5/ Lemons do. 0.96

 Limes do. 0.95

Fish and shellfish: Other fresh fruits--

 Fresh and frozen Edible 6/ 1.00 Apples do. 0.96

 Canned Canned 1.00 Apricots do. 0.91

 Cured Cured 1.00 Avocados do. 0.94

 Bananas do. 1.00

Eggs Farm 7/ Cherries do. 0.92

 Cranberries do. 0.96

Dairy products: Figs do. 0.91

 Fluid milk and cream Fluid 1.00 Grapes do. 0.91

 Nectarines do. 0.95

Fats and oils: Peaches do. 0.94

 Butter Processed 1.00 Pears do. 0.95

 Lard do. 1.00 Pineapples do. 0.95

 Margarine do. 1.00 Plums and prunes do. 0.95

 Shortening do. 1.00 Strawberries do. 0.92

 Salad and cooking oil do. 1.00 Canned fruits and juices Canned 1.00

 Dried fruits Packed 1.00

Cane and beet sugar Raw 0.94 Frozen fruits do. 1.00

 Cantaloups and honeydew Farm 0.92

Peanuts, kernel basis Shelled 1.00 Watermelons do. 0.90

Grain products: Fresh vegetables:

 Wheat flour Milled, processed 1.00 Dark green and deep yellow

 Rye flour Grain equivalent 0.80 Broccoli do. 0.92

 Rice Rough basis 8/ Carrots do. 0.97

 Corn products 9/ Milled, processed 1.00 Escarole/endive do. 0.93

 Oat products 10/ 11/ Grain equivalent 0.60 Bell peppers do. 0.92

 Barley products 11/ 12/ Grain equivalent 0.63 Spinach do. 0.88

 Tomatoes do. 0.85

Coffee: Other fresh vegetables:

 Regular Green bean, roasted 0.84 Artichokes do. 0.93

 Instant do. 13/ Asparagus do. 0.91

 Lima beans do. 0.92

Tea Leaf equivalent 1.00 Snap beans do. 0.94

 Brussels sprouts do. 0.92

 Cabbage do. 0.93

Cocoa beans Beans 14/ 0.80 Cauliflower do. 0.92

 Celery do. 0.93

Potatoes: Corn do. 0.92

 Fresh Farm 0.96 Cucumbers do. 0.92

 Frozen do. 15/ Eggplant do. 0.90

 Canned do. 0.636 Garlic do. 0.81

 Chips and shoestrings do. 0.245 Lettuce do. 0.93

 Dehydrated do. 0.14 Radishes do. 0.97

 Onions do. 0.94

 1/ These factors, which were based on information from various sources, were first assembled during World War II. Later, they were published in

"Conversion Factors and Weights and Measures for Agricultural Commodities and Their Products," SB-362, ERS, USDA, June 1965. Revisions of

this publication (SB-616 and AH-697) were published by USDA in March 1979 and June 1992, respectively. Current revisions were based on special

industry surveys and appraisals by commodity specialists. 2/ The points in the marketing system at which primary data are obtained. 3/ Factor of 

0.74 used from 1962-85, 0.73 in 1986, 0.71 in 1987, 0.705 in 1988-90, 0.70 in 1991-93, 0.695 in 1994-95 and 0.70 in 1996-98. 4/ Conversion factors for the 

pork retail weight series for 1955-90 were revised in the January 1991 "Livestock and Poultry Situation and Outlook Report" (LPS-45, ERS, USDA). 

These new factors are in table 47. The 1989 factor of 0.776 will be used until the next periodical revision. 5/ The conversion factor changes in relation 

to the proportion of ready-to-cook product moving out of the human consumption channel to the pet food rendering industries. The factor changes 

from 1.00 in 1978 to 0.869 in 1995-98 and will continue to be updated periodically. 6/ Excludes such offals as bones, viscera, and shells. 7/ Factor of 

0.975 used in 1960; thereafter, it was increased 0.0003 per year until 0.985 was reached in 1990. 8/ Factor (rice milling rate) estimated each marketing year 

based on quality of crop (see table 84). 9/ Corn flour, meal, hominy, grits, and corn starch. 10/ Rolled oats, ready-to-eat oat cereal, oat flour, and oat 

bran. 11/ This factor is a composite; each item in the group has its own factor. 12/ Barley flour, pearl barley, and malt and malt extract used in foods, 

such as crackers. 13/ Factor of 0.333 used for 1963-73 and 0.40 used for 1974 and later. 14/ Chocolate liquor equivalent (53-percent fat content). 

15/ Factor of 0.41 used in 1966; thereafter, it was increased 0.01 per year until 0.50 was reached in 1975.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 4--Red meat (carcass weight) and poultry (ready-to-cook weight): Per capita consumption, 1970-98 1/

Poultry (ready-to-cook) 4/ Red meat (carcass) 3/ U.S.

Total total

5/ Total Turkey Chicken Total Lamb Pork Veal Beef population, Year

5/ 5/ July 1

2/

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

240.6 48.2 8.1 40.1 192.4 3.2 72.1 3.0 114.1 205.052 1970

246.0 48.5 8.4 40.1 197.5 3.1 78.5 2.7 113.1 207.661 1971

241.9 50.5 9.0 41.5 191.4 3.3 70.8 2.3 115.0 209.896 1972

224.4 48.2 8.4 39.7 176.2 2.6 63.2 1.8 108.6 211.909 1973

236.6 48.3 8.7 39.6 188.3 2.3 68.2 2.3 115.5 213.854 1974

228.1 47.1 8.3 38.8 181.1 2.0 56.0 4.1 118.9 215.973 1975

241.7 50.8 8.9 41.9 191.0 1.8 58.0 4.0 127.2 218.035 1976

241.1 51.5 8.7 42.7 189.7 1.7 60.5 3.8 123.7 220.239 1977

235.9 53.5 8.7 44.8 182.4 1.5 60.2 2.9 117.7 222.585 1978

235.0 57.5 9.2 48.3 177.5 1.5 68.7 2.0 105.3 225.055 1979

238.5 58.7 10.2 48.4 179.9 1.5 73.3 1.8 103.3 227.726 1980

238.6 61.0 10.6 50.4 177.6 1.6 69.8 2.0 104.3 229.966 1981

232.1 62.0 10.6 51.5 170.1 1.7 62.6 2.0 103.9 232.188 1982

239.3 63.6 11.0 52.6 175.7 1.7 66.0 2.0 106.1 234.307 1983

240.7 65.5 11.0 54.5 175.1 1.7 65.5 2.1 105.8 236.348 1984

244.6 67.9 11.6 56.3 176.7 1.6 66.0 2.2 106.8 238.466 1985

245.0 71.0 12.9 58.1 174.0 1.6 62.3 2.3 107.8 240.651 1986

246.5 76.7 14.7 61.9 169.8 1.5 62.7 1.8 103.8 242.804 1987

252.5 79.5 15.7 63.8 173.1 1.6 67.0 1.7 102.8 245.021 1988

251.6 84.1 16.6 67.5 167.5 1.6 66.4 1.4 98.1 247.342 1989

250.3 87.9 17.5 70.4 162.4 1.6 63.7 1.3 95.9 249.949 1990

253.7 91.3 17.8 73.5 162.3 1.6 64.4 1.2 95.2 252.636 1991

259.9 94.7 17.8 76.8 165.2 1.5 67.8 1.2 94.7 255.382 1992

259.0 96.6 17.7 78.9 162.4 1.5 67.1 1.1 92.8 258.089 1993

264.8 98.3 17.8 80.5 166.5 1.3 67.9 1.1 96.2 260.602 1994 

264.7 98.2 17.8 80.3 166.6 1.3 67.2 1.2 96.8 263.039 1995 

263.2 100.3 18.4 81.9 162.9 1.3 63.0 1.4 97.2 265.453 1996

261.6 101.3 17.6 83.7 160.4 1.2 62.5 1.2 95.4 267.901 1997

269.6 102.9 18.0 84.9 166.7 1.3 67.4 1.0 97.0 270.290 1998 P

 P = Preliminary. 1/ Includes processed meats and poultry on a fresh basis. Excludes shipments to territories, as shown in commodity supply and utilization tables. 2/ Excludes the U.S.territories. 3/ Beef-carcass weight is the weight of the chilled hanging carcass, which includes the kidney and attached internal fat (kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH)), but not thehead, feet, and unattached internal organs. Definitions of carcass weight for other red meats differ slightly. 4/ Ready-to-cook poultry weight is the entire dressed bird, whichincludes bones, skin, fat, liver, gizzard, and neck. 5/ Computed from unrounded data.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 5--Red meat and chicken (retail cut equivalent): Per capita consumption, 1970-98 1/

Chicken Red meat 3/ U.S.

total

Total Other Young Total Lamb Pork Veal Beef population, Year

4/ chicken chicken 4/ July 1

5/ 2/

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

40.1 3.7 36.5 144.9 2.9 55.2 2.5 84.4 205.052 1970

40.1 3.8 36.3 148.9 2.8 60.2 2.3 83.7 207.661 1971

41.5 3.5 38.0 144.2 2.9 54.3 1.9 85.1 209.896 1972

39.7 3.2 36.6 132.8 2.4 48.5 1.5 80.4 211.909 1973

39.6 3.2 36.4 141.9 2.0 52.4 1.9 85.5 213.854 1974

38.8 2.7 36.2 136.3 1.8 43.1 3.4 88.0 215.973 1975

41.9 2.6 39.3 143.7 1.6 44.7 3.3 94.1 218.035 1976

42.7 2.6 40.1 142.9 1.5 46.7 3.2 91.5 220.239 1977

44.8 2.3 42.5 137.5 1.4 46.5 2.4 87.1 222.585 1978

47.6 2.2 45.4 134.1 1.3 53.2 1.7 77.9 225.055 1979

47.3 2.1 45.2 136.1 1.4 56.8 1.5 76.4 227.726 1980

48.7 2.5 46.2 134.4 1.4 54.2 1.6 77.2 229.966 1981

48.9 2.5 46.4 128.6 1.5 48.6 1.7 76.9 232.188 1982

49.1 2.2 46.9 133.0 1.5 51.3 1.6 78.5 234.307 1983

50.8 2.1 48.7 132.6 1.5 51.0 1.8 78.3 236.348 1984

52.4 2.0 50.4 133.8 1.4 51.5 1.9 79.1 238.466 1985

53.5 2.1 51.4 130.5 1.4 48.6 1.9 78.7 240.651 1986

56.6 2.1 54.5 125.3 1.3 48.8 1.5 73.7 242.804 1987

56.7 1.9 54.8 127.3 1.4 52.1 1.4 72.5 245.021 1988

58.3 1.7 56.6 123.3 1.4 51.5 1.2 69.2 247.342 198960.7 1.7 59.0 119.5 1.4 49.4 1.1 67.6 249.949 1990

63.1 1.6 61.6 119.0 1.4 50.0 1.0 66.6 252.636 1991

66.9 1.6 65.3 121.3 1.3 52.6 1.0 66.3 255.382 1992

69.5 1.5 68.0 119.2 1.3 52.0 0.9 64.9 258.089 1993

70.4 1.3 69.1 121.6 1.2 52.7 0.9 66.9 260.602 1994

69.8 1.3 68.5 121.6 1.2 52.2 1.0 67.3 263.039 1995 

71.2 0.7 70.5 119.2 1.1 48.9 1.2 68.1 265.453 1996

72.7 0.3 72.4 117.4 1.1 48.5 1.0 66.8 267.901 1997

73.7 0.2 73.5 122.2 1.2 52.3 0.8 67.9 270.290 1998 P

 P = Preliminary. 1/ Includes processed meats and poultry on a fresh basis. Excludes shipments to territories, as shown in commodity supply and utilization tables. Comparison data onretail-weight equivalent of turkeys are not yet available. To compare turkey consumption and red meat consumption, use carcass and ready-to-cook or boneless equivalent. 2/ Excludes the U.S. territories. 3/ Skeletal meats; excludes edible offals. 4/ Computed from unrounded data. 5/ Excludes the amount of ready-to-cook chicken going to pet food as well as some water leakage that occurs when chicken is cut up before packaging.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 6--Red meat, poultry, and fish (boneless, trimmed equivalent): Per capita consumption, 1970-98 1/

Poultry 4/ Red meat U.S.

Total Fish total

3/ and Total Turkey Chicken Total Lamb Pork Veal Beef population, Year

shellfish 3/ 5/ 3/ July 1

2/

 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

177.3 11.7 33.8 6.4 27.4 131.7 2.1 48.0 2.0 79.6 205.052 1970

181.0 11.5 34.0 6.6 27.4 135.5 2.1 52.6 1.9 79.0 207.661 1971

179.7 12.5 35.4 7.1 28.3 131.8 2.2 47.8 1.6 80.3 209.896 1972

168.2 12.7 33.7 6.6 27.1 121.8 1.7 43.0 1.2 75.8 211.909 1973

176.3 12.1 33.8 6.8 27.0 130.4 1.5 46.7 1.6 80.6 213.854 1974

170.9 12.1 32.9 6.5 26.4 125.8 1.3 38.7 2.8 83.0 215.973 1975

181.4 12.9 35.5 7.0 28.5 133.0 1.2 40.3 2.7 88.8 218.035 1976

180.9 12.6 35.9 6.9 29.0 132.3 1.1 42.3 2.6 86.3 220.239 1977

178.2 13.4 37.3 6.9 30.4 127.5 1.0 42.3 2.0 82.2 222.585 1978

177.6 13.0 40.1 7.3 32.8 124.4 1.0 48.6 1.4 73.5 225.055 1979

179.6 12.4 40.8 8.1 32.7 126.4 1.0 52.1 1.3 72.1 227.726 1980

179.7 12.6 42.1 8.3 33.7 125.1 1.0 49.9 1.3 72.8 229.966 1981

174.4 12.4 42.2 8.3 33.9 119.8 1.1 44.9 1.4 72.5 232.188 1982

180.0 13.3 42.7 8.7 34.0 123.9 1.1 47.4 1.4 74.1 234.307 1983

181.7 14.1 44.0 8.7 35.3 123.7 1.1 47.2 1.5 73.9 236.348 1984

185.4 15.0 45.5 9.1 36.4 124.9 1.1 47.7 1.5 74.6 238.466 1985

184.9 15.4 47.4 10.2 37.2 122.2 1.0 45.2 1.6 74.4 240.651 1986

184.5 16.1 51.0 11.6 39.4 117.4 1.0 45.6 1.3 69.6 242.804 1987

186.6 15.1 51.9 12.4 39.6 119.5 1.0 48.8 1.1 68.6 245.021 1988

185.4 15.6 53.9 13.1 40.9 115.9 1.0 48.4 1.0 65.4 247.342 1989

183.5 15.0 56.3 13.8 42.4 112.3 1.0 46.4 0.9 63.9 249.949 1990

185.1 14.8 58.3 14.1 44.2 111.9 1.0 46.9 0.8 63.1 252.636 1991

189.5 14.7 60.8 14.1 46.7 114.1 1.0 49.4 0.8 62.8 255.382 1992

189.5 14.9 62.5 14.0 48.5 112.1 1.0 48.9 0.8 61.5 258.089 1993

193.2 15.1 63.3 14.1 49.3 114.7 0.9 49.5 0.8 63.6 260.602 1994 

193.0 14.9 62.9 14.1 48.8 115.1 0.9 49.0 0.8 64.4 263.039 1995 

191.8 14.7 64.4 14.6 49.8 112.8 0.8 45.9 1.0 65.0 265.453 1996 

190.3 14.5 64.8 13.9 50.9 111.0 0.8 45.6 0.9 63.8 267.901 1997

195.9 14.5 65.8 14.2 51.6 115.6 0.9 49.1 0.7 64.9 270.290 1998 P

 P = Preliminary. 1/ Excludes shipments to territories. Boneless equivalent for red meat derived from carcass weight, using conversion factors shown in supply and utilization tables. Bonelessequivalent for chicken and turkey derived from ready-to-cook weight, using conversion factors shown in supply and utilization tables. Boneless equivalent or edible weight for fish iscalculated by the U.S. Department of Commerce (see fishery products per capita table). 2/ Excludes U.S. territories. 3/ Computed from unrounded data. 4/ Includes skin, neck meat,and giblets. 5/ Excludes the amount of ready-to-cook chicken going to pet food as well as some water leakage that occurs when chicken is cut up before packaging.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service and U.S. Department of Commerce/National Marine Fisheries.
Table 7--Fishery products (edible weight): Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Canned Fresh and frozen U.S.

Total Cured Sardines total Year

2/ Total Other Shellfish Tuna (pilchards Salmon Total Shellfish Fish population,

2/ and herring) 2/ July 1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions

11.7 0.4 4.4 0.4 0.5 2.5 0.4 0.7 6.9 2.4 4.5 205.052 1970

11.5 0.5 4.3 0.3 0.5 2.4 0.4 0.7 6.7 2.4 4.3 207.661 1971

12.5 0.4 4.9 0.4 0.5 2.9 0.4 0.7 7.1 2.4 4.7 209.896 1972

12.7 0.4 5.0 0.5 0.5 3.1 0.5 0.4 7.4 2.2 5.2 211.909 1973

12.1 0.5 4.7 0.4 0.5 3.1 0.4 0.3 6.9 2.5 4.4 213.854 1974

12.1 0.4 4.2 0.4 0.5 2.8 0.2 0.3 7.5 2.5 5.0 215.973 1975

12.9 0.5 4.2 0.4 0.4 2.8 0.3 0.3 8.1 2.6 5.6 218.035 1976

12.6 0.4 4.5 0.4 0.6 2.8 0.3 0.5 7.7 2.6 5.1 220.239 1977

13.4 0.4 5.0 0.3 0.5 3.3 0.3 0.6 8.1 2.4 5.7 222.585 1978

13.0 0.4 4.8 0.3 0.5 3.2 0.3 0.5 7.8 2.3 5.5 225.055 1979

12.4 0.3 4.3 0.1 0.4 3.0 0.3 0.5 7.8 2.5 5.4 227.726 1980

12.6 0.3 4.6 0.3 0.4 3.0 0.4 0.5 7.7 2.9 4.9 229.966 1981

12.4 0.3 4.3 0.3 0.4 2.8 0.3 0.5 7.8 2.8 5.1 232.188 1982

13.3 0.3 4.7 0.4 0.4 3.2 0.2 0.5 8.3 3.0 5.4 234.307 1983

14.1 0.3 4.9 0.5 0.4 3.2 0.2 0.6 8.9 3.4 5.6 236.348 1984

15.0 0.3 5.0 0.4 0.5 3.3 0.3 0.5 9.7 3.6 6.2 238.466 1985

15.4 0.3 5.4 0.5 0.5 3.6 0.3 0.5 9.7 3.7 6.1 240.651 1986

16.1 0.3 5.2 0.5 0.5 3.5 0.3 0.4 10.6 3.8 6.9 242.804 1987

15.1 0.3 4.9 0.3 0.4 3.6 0.3 0.3 10.0 3.9 6.1 245.021 1988

15.6 0.3 5.1 0.2 0.4 3.9 0.3 0.3 10.2 3.6 6.6 247.342 1989

15.0 0.3 5.1 0.4 0.3 3.7 0.3 0.4 9.6 3.6 6.0 249.949 1990

14.8 0.3 4.9 0.2 0.4 3.6 0.2 0.5 9.7 3.8 5.9 252.636 1991

14.7 0.3 4.6 0.1 0.3 3.5 0.2 0.5 9.8 3.9 6.0 255.382 1992

14.9 0.3 4.5 0.1 0.3 3.5 0.2 0.4 10.1 3.9 6.3 258.089 1993

15.1 0.3 4.5 0.3 0.3 3.3 0.2 0.4 10.3 4.0 6.4 260.602 1994 

14.9 0.3 4.7 0.3 0.3 3.4 0.2 0.5 9.9 3.7 6.3 263.039 1995

14.7 0.3 4.5 0.2 0.3 3.2 0.2 0.5 9.9 3.6 6.4 265.453 1996

14.5 0.3 4.4 0.4 0.3 3.1 0.2 0.4 9.8 3.8 6.1 267.901 1997

 1/ The figures are calculated on the basis of raw edible meat; that is, excluding such offals as bones, viscera, and shells. Excludes game fish consumption. 2/ Computed from unrounded data. Source: Calculated by ERS from data provided by U.S. Department of Commerce/National Marine Fisheries Service.
Table 8--Fish and shellfish: Per capita consumption, by region and country, 1993-95 annual average 1/

Region and country Liveweight Region and country Liveweight Region and country Liveweight

Pounds Pounds Pounds

North America: Europe--continued: Africa:

 Greenland 180.8 Germany 28.0 St. Helena 153.7

 St. Pierre and Miquelon 68.8 Austria 22.9 Seychelles 130.5

 Canada 51.1 Slovakia 14.6 Gabon 81.6

 United States 48.3 Slovenia 12.6 Senegal 61.3

 Czech Republic 10.6 Reunion 60.2

Caribbean: Ukraine 9.7 Mauritius 59.7

 Martinique 106.7 Hungary 8.8 Congo (Brazzaville) 57.1

 Guadeloupe 91.5 Turkmenistan 7.9 Sao Tome 52.0

 Grenada 88.4 Macedonia 6.4 Equatorial Guinea 50.3

 Bermuda 85.5 Bulgaria 6.2 Comoros 50.0

 Turks & Caicos 78.9 Kazakhstan 6.0 Ghana 46.5

 Cayman Islands 69.2 Moldova 5.7 Gambia 39.5

 Antigua 62.2 Croatia 5.5 Cape Verde 38.4

 Barbados 59.7 Azerbaijan 4.9 Mauritania 38.4

 Dominica 59.5 Georgia 4.6 Sierra Leone 32.8

 Bahamas 52.2 Romania 4.0 Ivory Coast 26.9

 Netherlands Antilles 47.2 Armenia 2.9 Togo 26.5

 Saint Lucia 47.2 Bosnia-Herzegovina 2.6 Namibia 24.7

 St. Vincent 36.6 Belarus 2.4 Tanzania 23.6

 Jamaica 35.5 Albania 2.0 Benin 23.4

 Cuba 25.1 Uzbekistan 1.8 Uganda 22.5

 Aruba 20.1 Yugoslavia 1.5 Guinea 21.8

 Trinidad-Tobago 18.3 Tajikistan 0.7 Tunisia 19.8

 Dominican Republic 15.9 Kyrgyzstan 0.2 Zambia 19.8

 Haiti 5.1 Cameroon 19.6

Near East: Angola 19.0

Latin America: United Arab Emirates 54.0 Mali 18.5

 Guyana 92.8 Oman 48.7 Morocco 17.9

 French Guiana 74.3 Israel 43.7 South Africa 15.0

 Chile 62.6 Qatar 40.6 Congo (Kinshasa) 14.8

 Peru 52.5 Cyprus 40.1 Madagascar 14.3

 Suriname 42.3 Bahrain 37.0 Chad 13.9

 Venezuela 38.8 Kuwait 25.1 Malawi 13.9

 Panama 36.2 Turkey 18.5 Kenya 13.0

 Mexico 24.3 Egypt 16.1 Nigeria 12.8

 Argentina 22.3 Libya 14.6 Botswana 12.3

 Uruguay 18.1 Yemen Republic 13.4 Guinea-Bissau 11.0

 Ecuador 15.9 Saudi Arabia 13.2 Liberia 9.9

 Belize 15.0 Iran 11.5 Central African Republic 9.7

 Brazil 14.1 Lebanon 9.0 Algeria 9.3

 Costa Rica 13.2 Jordan 8.2 Burundi 8.2

 Colombia 8.6 Sudan 3.7 Zimbabwe 7.1

 Paraguay 8.4 Iraq 2.0 Lesotho 6.0

 El Salvador 5.1 Syria 1.8 Mozambique 4.2

 Bolivia 3.3 Afghanistan 0.2 Djibouti 4.0

 Honduras 3.3 Burkina 2.9

 Nicaragua 3.1 Far East: Somalia 2.9

 Guatemala 2.4 Maldives 308.2 Eritrea 1.8

 Japan 154.1 Rwanda 1.5

Europe: Hong Kong 125.2 Niger 1.1

 Iceland 201.1 South Korea 111.8 Swaziland 0.4

 Faeroe Island 190.5 North Korea 101.4 Ethiopia 0.2

 Portugal 129.6 Taiwan 84.2

 Norway 104.7 Macao 84.0 Oceania:

 Spain 94.1 Phillippines 74.5 Kiribati 161.6

 Latvia 80.7 Singapore 70.1 Cook Island 135.8

 Estonia 74.7 Malaysia 60.6 Western Samoa 100.8

 Finland 72.8 Brunei 58.4 French Polynesia 82.9

 Sweden 62.8 Thailand 57.1 Solomon Islands 73.9

 France 59.7 China 42.1 Fiji 73.6

 Greece 55.1 Sri Lanka 41.7 Tonga 56.9

 Malta 48.7 Indonesia 37.7 Vanuatu 54.7

 Italy 47.6 Burma 35.1 New Zealand 48.9

 Lithuania 44.3 Vietnam 29.5 New Caledonia 43.9

 Denmark 44.1 Bangladesh 20.1 Australia 42.3

 Belgium and Luxembourg 42.3 Cambodia 18.7 Papua New Guinea 29.1

 Ireland 42.3 Laos 14.6

 United Kingdom 42.1 India 9.7

 Russian Federation 32.2 Pakistan 4.6 World 32.0

 Poland 31.3 Nepal 1.8

 Netherlands 30.9 Mongolia 1.5

 Switzerland 28.9

 1/ Data for most countries are tentative. Aquatic plants are included where applicable.

 Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
Table 9--Red meat and poultry: Per capita consumption, 1994-98, by 10 leading countries in 1998

 Country and item 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 P

Pounds 1/

Beef and veal:

 Uruguay 149 138 136 135 131

 Argentina 143 131 132 132 122

 United States 97 98 99 97 98

 Romania 105 95 95 88 93

 New Zealand 62 63 80 86 85

 Australia 82 79 86 91 82

 Bulgaria 87 84 84 77 80

 Brazil 74 80 81 77 76

 Canada 73 72 70 70 71

 Czech Republic 99 83 82 73 71

Pork: 2/

 Denmark 147 149 144 141 140

 Czech Republic 156 142 149 142 139

 Spain 116 119 124 127 128

 Hong Kong 151 120 110 116 125

 Germany 122 121 121 117 122

 Austria 125 124 127 121 121

 Belgium-Luxembourg 116 120 121 119 119

 Netherlands 96 97 98 95 97

 Taiwan 91 89 92 87 94

 Ireland 83 84 85 89 88

Poultry:

 Hong Kong 109 109 114 119 116

 United States 100 99 102 103 104

 Israel 100 100 101 99 97

 Saudi Arabia 71 72 73 82 80

 Canada 69 68 69 70 73

 Australia 61 60 60 63 68

 Ireland 50 51 58 61 62

 Portugal 44 52 56 59 60

 Hungary 51 52 55 57 59

 United Kingdom 55 56 58 57 58

Lamb, mutton, and goat: 2/

 New Zealand 60 71 71 65 71

 Australia 39 37 38 42 37

 Saudi Arabia 32 29 28 31 31

 Greece 31 31 31 31 28

 Kazakhstan, Republic of 33 26 19 21 20

 Ireland 20 20 20 20 15

 Bulgaria 15 15 13 14 14

 Spain 14 14 13 14 13

 United Kingdom 13 13 14 13 13

 Turkey 13 13 13 13 15

 P = Preliminary. NA = Not available.

 1/ Carcass weight for red meat; ready-to-cook weight for poultry. U.S. figures include shipments to U.S. territories. More detailed

data for this table are available from Mildred Haley (202-694-5176). 2/ U.S. per capita consumption of pork was 67 pounds per 

person in 1998; lamb and mutton, 1 pound per person.

Source: Computed by ERS from data provided by USDA/Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS).
Table 10--Eggs: Per capita consumption, 1970-98 1/

Total 2/ Processed Shell

Retail weight 4/ Farm weight 3/ Number U.S.

Per Total Per Total total Year

Per Total Per Total Per Total capita capita population,

capita capita capita July 1

Pounds Mil. lbs. Pounds Mil. lbs. Number Millions Number Millions Number Millions Millions

39.5 8,107 40.4 8,287 308.9 63,341 33.0 6,774 275.9 56,567 205.052 1970

39.7 8,240 40.5 8,420 309.9 64,355 36.0 7,466 274.0 56,890 207.661 1971

38.8 8,147 39.6 8,321 303.0 63,604 35.5 7,442 267.6 56,162 209.896 1972

37.0 7,831 37.7 7,996 288.4 61,118 31.4 6,656 257.0 54,461 211.909 1973

36.3 7,757 37.0 7,918 283.0 60,520 33.6 7,179 249.4 53,340 213.854 1974

35.4 7,642 36.1 7,798 276.0 59,602 30.6 6,608 245.4 52,993 215.973 1975

34.6 7,545 35.3 7,697 269.8 58,831 32.5 7,084 237.3 51,746 218.035 1976

34.3 7,546 34.9 7,694 267.0 58,809 36.0 7,918 231.1 50,891 220.239 1977

34.9 7,757 35.5 7,908 271.5 60,441 34.3 7,645 237.2 52,796 222.585 1978

35.5 7,991 36.2 8,143 276.6 62,240 35.4 7,970 241.1 54,270 225.055 1979

34.8 7,930 35.5 8,078 271.1 61,744 34.9 7,949 236.2 53,796 227.726 1980

34.0 7,813 34.6 7,956 264.4 60,808 32.2 7,401 232.2 53,407 229.966 1981

33.9 7,882 34.6 8,024 264.1 61,328 33.9 7,871 230.2 53,457 232.188 1982

33.5 7,839 34.0 7,977 260.2 60,972 35.1 8,220 225.1 52,752 234.307 1983

33.5 7,907 34.0 8,043 260.1 61,478 37.3 8,819 222.8 52,659 236.348 1984

32.8 7,814 33.3 7,947 254.7 60,741 38.2 9,115 216.5 51,626 238.466 1985

32.6 7,852 33.2 7,982 253.5 61,007 39.1 9,403 214.4 51,604 240.651 1986

32.7 7,933 33.2 8,062 253.8 61,618 43.3 10,512 210.5 51,106 242.804 198731.8 7,780 32.3 7,904 246.6 60,410 44.2 10,823 202.4 49,587 245.021 198830.5 7,552 31.0 7,670 237.0 58,622 44.3 10,952 192.7 47,670 247.342 198930.2 7,546 30.7 7,661 234.3 58,558 48.0 11,992 186.3 46,566 249.949 199030.1 7,608 30.6 7,724 233.7 59,034 50.7 12,803 183.0 46,230 252.636 199130.3 7,735 30.7 7,853 235.0 60,021 54.3 13,874 180.7 46,147 255.382 199230.4 7,837 30.8 7,957 235.6 60,815 56.5 14,582 179.1 46,232 258.089 1993 30.6 7,981 31.1 8,103 237.7 61,934 60.7 15,806 177.0 46,128 260.602 1994 30.3 7,979 30.8 8,100 235.4 61,913 60.8 15,986 174.6 45,928 263.039 1995 30.6 8,112 31.0 8,236 237.1 62,949 62.2 16,501 175.0 46,448 265.453 199630.8 8,240 31.2 8,366 238.7 63,943 65.5 17,560 173.1 46,383 267.901 1997 31.4 8,493 31.9 8,623 243.8 65,906 67.9 18,344 176.0 47,562 270.290 1998 P

 P = Preliminary. 1/ Excludes shipments to the U.S. territories. 2/ Computed from unrounded data. 3/ A dozen eggs converted at 1.57 pounds. 4/ The factor for converting farm weight to retailweight was 0.97 in 1965 and was increased 0.0003 per year until 0.985 was reached in 1990.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 11--Dairy products: Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Fluid Cheese Frozen dairy products

milk Whole and part-skim Total

Year and Butter milk cheese 3/ Cottage cheese Ice Lowfat Frozen (product

cream Total cream ice cream Sherbet yogurt weight)

2/ American Other 4/ Lowfat Total 5/ 6/

Pounds

1970 275.1 5.4 7.0 4.4 11.4 0.3 5.2 17.8 7.7 1.6 NA 28.5

1971 275.6 5.2 7.4 4.7 12.0 0.4 5.3 17.7 7.6 1.5 NA 28.2

1972 273.5 5.0 7.7 5.3 13.0 0.5 5.4 17.6 7.6 1.5 NA 28.0

1973 268.9 4.8 7.9 5.6 13.5 0.6 5.2 17.5 7.6 1.6 NA 28.0

1974 260.3 4.5 8.5 5.9 14.4 0.6 4.6 17.5 7.6 1.5 NA 27.7

1975 261.3 4.7 8.2 6.1 14.3 0.6 4.6 18.6 7.6 1.5 NA 28.6

1976 260.1 4.3 8.9 6.6 15.5 0.6 4.7 18.0 7.2 1.5 NA 27.5

1977 257.5 4.3 9.2 6.8 16.0 0.6 4.7 17.6 7.7 1.5 NA 27.5

1978 253.8 4.4 9.5 7.3 16.8 0.7 4.7 17.6 7.7 1.4 NA 27.3

1979 250.5 4.5 9.6 7.5 17.2 0.7 4.5 17.3 7.3 1.3 NA 26.5

1980 245.5 4.5 9.6 7.9 17.5 0.8 4.5 17.5 7.1 1.2 NA 26.4

1981 241.7 4.2 10.2 8.0 18.2 0.9 4.3 17.4 7.0 1.3 NA 26.5

1982 235.6 4.3 11.3 8.6 19.9 0.9 4.2 17.6 6.6 1.3 NA 26.4

1983 235.9 4.9 11.6 8.9 20.6 0.9 4.1 18.1 6.9 1.3 NA 27.1

1984 237.6 4.9 11.9 9.6 21.5 1.0 4.1 18.2 7.0 1.3 NA 27.2

1985 240.8 4.9 12.2 10.4 22.5 1.0 4.1 18.1 6.9 1.3 NA 27.9

1986 240.3 4.6 12.1 11.0 23.1 1.1 4.1 18.4 7.2 1.3 NA 27.9

1987 238.4 4.7 12.4 11.7 24.1 1.1 3.9 18.4 7.4 1.2 NA 28.2

1988 234.4 4.5 11.5 12.2 23.7 1.2 3.9 17.3 8.0 1.3 NA 27.7

1989 236.2 4.4 11.0 12.8 23.8 1.2 3.6 16.1 8.4 1.3 2.0 28.7

1990 233.4 4.4 11.1 13.5 24.6 1.2 3.4 15.8 7.7 1.2 2.8 28.4

1991 233.1 4.4 11.1 13.9 25.0 1.3 3.3 16.3 7.4 1.1 3.5 29.2

1992 230.5 4.4 11.3 14.7 26.0 1.3 3.1 16.3 7.1 1.2 3.1 28.9

1993 225.7 4.7 11.4 14.8 26.2 1.2 2.9 16.1 6.9 1.3 3.5 29.3

1994 226.3 4.8 11.5 15.3 26.8 1.2 2.8 16.1 7.6 1.4 3.5 29.9

1995 223.3 4.5 11.8 15.4 27.3 1.2 2.7 15.7 7.5 1.3 3.5 29.4

1996 223.6 4.3 12.0 15.8 27.7 1.2 2.6 15.9 7.6 1.3 2.6 28.6

1997 221.1 4.2 12.0 16.0 28.0 1.3 2.7 16.2 7.9 1.3 2.1 28.7

Evaporated and condensed milk 6/ Dry milk products 6/ All dairy products,

Bulk and Nonfat milk equivalent, milkfat basis

Canned Bulk canned Total Dry dry Dry Total Dried Comwhole whole skim 4/ whole milk butter- 4/ whey USDA mercial Total

milk milk milk milk 7/ milk 8/ donations sales 4/

Pounds

1970 5.8 1.2 5.0 12.0 0.2 5.3 0.2 5.8 1.4 24.2 539.6 563.8

1971 5.7 1.1 5.0 11.7 0.2 5.2 0.3 5.7 1.5 24.5 533.4 557.9

1972 5.1 1.2 4.7 10.9 0.1 4.6 0.2 4.9 1.8 21.6 538.0 559.6

1973 4.8 1.1 4.2 10.1 0.1 5.3 0.2 5.5 1.8 17.5 537.3 554.8

1974 4.3 1.2 3.4 8.9 0.1 4.1 0.2 4.4 2.1 7.0 528.0 535.0

1975 3.8 1.3 3.5 8.7 0.1 3.3 0.2 3.5 2.2 10.8 528.4 539.1

1976 3.7 1.2 3.6 8.5 0.2 3.5 0.2 3.8 2.4 2.2 537.5 539.7

1977 3.2 1.1 3.9 8.1 0.2 3.3 0.3 3.7 2.4 13.7 526.5 540.2

1978 3.0 1.0 3.5 7.5 0.3 3.1 0.2 3.6 2.4 10.5 533.8 544.3

1979 3.0 1.1 3.3 7.4 0.3 3.3 0.2 3.8 2.7 10.7 537.6 548.2

1980 2.8 1.0 3.3 7.0 0.3 3.0 0.2 3.5 2.7 19.3 523.9 543.2

1981 2.9 1.2 3.2 7.2 0.4 2.1 0.2 2.7 2.7 18.4 522.2 540.6

1982 2.7 1.3 3.0 7.0 0.4 2.1 0.2 2.7 2.9 31.4 523.1 554.6

1983 2.7 1.1 3.2 7.1 0.4 2.2 0.2 2.8 3.1 50.8 522.1 572.9

1984 2.4 1.3 3.7 7.4 0.4 2.5 0.2 3.1 3.2 46.3 535.6 581.9

1985 2.2 1.4 3.8 7.5 0.4 2.3 0.2 2.9 3.5 47.4 546.2 593.7

1986 2.2 1.4 4.3 7.9 0.5 2.4 0.3 3.2 3.7 40.1 551.4 591.5

1987 2.2 1.5 4.2 8.0 0.5 2.5 0.2 3.2 3.6 44.1 557.1 601.2

1988 2.1 1.4 4.3 7.8 0.6 2.6 0.2 3.4 3.6 27.3 555.2 582.5

1989 2.0 1.1 4.7 7.8 0.5 2.1 0.2 2.9 3.5 21.6 542.2 563.8

1990 2.2 1.0 4.8 7.9 0.6 2.9 0.2 3.7 3.7 16.9 551.5 568.4

1991 2.1 1.1 5.0 8.2 0.4 2.6 0.2 3.2 3.6 19.3 546.3 565.6

1992 2.1 1.1 5.2 8.5 0.5 2.7 0.2 3.5 3.8 14.8 551.1 565.9

1993 1.9 1.1 5.2 8.2 0.5 2.5 0.2 3.1 3.8 15.0 559.2 574.1

1994 1.8 0.8 5.5 8.1 0.4 3.5 0.2 4.1 3.8 13.5 572.5 586.0

1995 1.5 0.8 4.5 6.9 0.4 3.5 0.2 4.1 3.4 5.8 578.6 584.4

1996 1.5 0.8 4.1 6.4 0.4 3.8 0.2 4.3 3.4 0.0 575.5 575.5

1997 1.8 0.8 4.0 6.6 0.4 3.4 0.2 4.0 3.4 0.0 579.8 579.8

 NA = Not available.

 1/ All per capita consumption figures use U.S. total population, except fluid milk and cream data, which are based on U.S. resident population. Except for fluid

products, includes quantities used as ingredients in other foods. 2/ Fluid milk figures are aggregates of commercial sales and milk produced and consumed on

farms. 3/ Natural equivalent of cheese and cheese products. Excludes full-skim American and cottage, pot, and baker's cheese. 4/ Computed from unrounded 

data. 5/ Formerly known as ice milk. Includes small amount of nonfat ice cream. 6/ Includes mellorine until 1990 and other nonstandardized frozen dairy 

products not listed separately. 7/ Includes quantities used in other dairy products. 8/ The watery part of milk that is separated from the coagulable part or curd 

especially in the process of making cheese and that is rich in lactose, minerals, and vitamins and contains protein and traces of fat.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 12--Fluid milk and cream: Per capita consumption, 1970-97

Beverage milks

U.S. Plain Flavored milk and drinks Total

Year resident Light and fat-free Lower fat and fat-free Total

popu- Whole 2% Light Skim Total Whole Lower Total Whole Plain beverage

lation, reduced (0.5% or (fat Total plain fat flavored and Butter- Total milk

July 1 fat 1%) free) 1/ 1/ 2/ 1/ flavored milk 1/ 1/

Millions ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1970 203.984 213.5 28.0 1.8 11.6 13.4 255.0 5.6 3.0 8.6 219.1 44.4 5.5 50.0 269.1

1971 206.827 208.7 30.9 3.0 12.3 15.3 255.0 6.2 2.6 8.8 214.9 48.9 5.6 54.5 269.4

1972 209.284 200.4 34.6 4.6 12.4 17.1 252.0 7.1 2.5 9.6 207.5 54.2 5.4 59.6 267.1

1973 211.357 190.4 39.1 4.0 13.8 17.8 247.3 7.3 2.7 10.0 197.7 59.6 5.0 64.6 262.3

1974 213.342 180.0 38.2 7.6 13.9 21.5 239.7 6.7 2.6 9.4 186.8 62.3 4.6 66.9 253.7

1975 215.465 174.9 40.5 12.7 11.5 24.2 239.6 6.3 3.3 9.7 181.2 68.1 4.7 72.8 254.0

1976 217.563 168.4 43.9 13.2 11.6 24.8 237.1 6.8 4.0 10.8 175.2 72.7 4.7 77.4 252.6

1977 219.760 160.7 47.4 13.7 11.9 25.6 233.7 6.6 4.8 11.4 167.3 77.8 4.6 82.4 249.7

1978 222.095 154.9 49.6 14.6 11.5 26.0 230.5 6.1 4.9 11.1 161.0 80.6 4.4 85.0 246.0

1979 224.567 149.3 52.4 14.6 11.6 26.2 227.8 5.5 5.0 10.5 154.8 83.6 4.2 87.8 242.6

1980 227.225 141.7 54.7 15.3 11.6 26.9 223.3 4.7 5.3 10.0 146.4 86.9 4.1 91.0 237.4

1981 229.466 136.3 57.0 15.6 11.3 26.8 220.2 3.7 5.6 9.3 140.0 89.5 4.0 93.5 233.5

1982 231.664 130.3 58.3 15.3 10.6 25.8 214.4 3.1 5.5 8.6 133.4 89.7 4.1 93.8 227.1

1983 233.792 127.1 60.7 14.8 10.6 25.4 213.1 3.2 5.9 9.1 130.3 91.9 4.3 96.2 226.5

1984 235.825 123.0 64.2 14.3 11.6 25.9 213.1 3.8 6.0 9.8 126.9 96.1 4.3 100.4 227.3

1985 237.924 119.7 68.5 14.7 12.6 27.4 215.6 3.7 6.0 9.7 123.4 101.9 4.4 106.3 229.7

1986 240.133 112.9 71.8 16.3 13.5 29.8 214.5 3.5 6.3 9.9 116.5 107.9 4.2 112.1 228.6

1987 242.289 108.5 74.0 15.6 14.0 29.7 212.2 3.4 6.6 10.1 111.9 110.3 4.3 114.6 226.5

1988 244.499 102.4 74.6 15.3 16.1 31.4 208.4 3.3 6.6 9.9 105.7 112.6 4.1 116.6 222.3

1989 246.819 94.4 79.1 17.2 20.2 37.4 210.9 3.1 6.5 9.6 97.5 123.0 3.7 126.7 224.2

1990 249.440 87.6 78.4 19.9 22.9 42.8 208.8 2.8 6.6 9.4 90.4 127.8 3.5 131.4 221.8

1991 252.124 84.6 78.9 20.8 23.9 44.7 208.2 2.7 6.8 9.5 87.3 130.4 3.4 133.8 221.1

1992 255.002 81.2 78.1 21.1 25.0 46.2 205.5 2.7 6.9 9.6 84.0 131.1 3.2 134.3 218.3

1993 257.753 77.5 76.1 20.6 26.7 47.3 200.8 2.7 6.9 9.6 80.1 130.3 3.0 133.3 213.4

1994 260.292 76.1 75.0 21.0 28.8 49.7 200.8 2.7 7.1 9.9 78.8 131.8 3.0 134.8 213.6

1995 262.761 72.6 70.5 22.0 31.9 53.9 197.0 2.7 7.3 10.0 75.3 131.7 2.8 134.5 209.8

1996 265.179 72.1 69.1 22.1 33.7 55.8 196.9 2.5 7.9 10.4 74.6 132.7 2.7 135.4 210.0

1997 267.636 70.2 66.7 22.5 34.4 56.8 193.7 2.5 8.1 10.6 72.7 131.6 2.6 134.2 206.9

Total Cream and sour cream Total fluid Total fluid milk

Yogurt fluid milk Cream Egg- cream and cream

3/ products Half and Total Sour Total nog products products

1/ half Light Heavy 1/ cream 1/ 1/ 1/

 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1970 0.8 269.9 2.9 0.4 0.5 3.8 1.1 4.9 0.3 5.2 275.1

1971 1.1 270.4 2.7 0.3 0.5 3.6 1.2 4.8 0.4 5.1 275.6

1972 1.3 268.4 2.6 0.3 0.5 3.4 1.3 4.7 0.5 5.2 273.5

1973 1.4 263.7 2.6 0.4 0.6 3.6 1.3 4.9 0.4 5.2 268.9

1974 1.5 255.1 2.4 0.4 0.5 3.4 1.5 4.8 0.4 5.2 260.3

1975 2.0 256.0 2.4 0.4 0.6 3.3 1.6 5.0 0.4 5.3 261.3

1976 2.1 254.7 2.4 0.3 0.6 3.4 1.6 5.0 0.4 5.4 260.1

1977 2.3 252.1 2.4 0.3 0.6 3.3 1.7 5.0 0.4 5.4 257.5

1978 2.5 248.5 2.4 0.3 0.6 3.3 1.7 5.0 0.4 5.4 253.8

1979 2.4 245.0 2.4 0.3 0.6 3.3 1.8 5.1 0.4 5.5 250.5

1980 2.5 239.9 2.4 0.2 0.7 3.4 1.8 5.2 0.4 5.6 245.5

1981 2.4 236.0 2.5 0.2 0.7 3.4 1.8 5.3 0.4 5.7 241.7

1982 2.6 229.7 2.5 0.3 0.7 3.5 1.9 5.4 0.4 5.9 235.6

1983 3.2 229.7 2.6 0.3 0.8 3.7 2.1 5.8 0.5 6.2 235.9

1984 3.6 230.8 2.8 0.3 0.9 4.0 2.2 6.3 0.5 6.7 237.6

1985 4.0 233.6 3.0 0.4 1.0 4.4 2.3 6.7 0.5 7.2 240.8

1986 4.2 232.8 3.2 0.4 1.1 4.7 2.4 7.0 0.5 7.5 240.3

1987 4.3 230.8 3.1 0.4 1.1 4.7 2.4 7.1 0.5 7.6 238.4

1988 4.5 226.8 3.0 0.4 1.2 4.6 2.5 7.1 0.5 7.6 234.4

1989 4.2 228.4 3.1 0.4 1.3 4.8 2.5 7.3 0.5 7.8 236.2

1990 4.0 225.8 3.0 0.4 1.3 4.6 2.5 7.1 0.5 7.6 233.4

1991 4.2 225.4 3.1 0.3 1.3 4.6 2.6 7.3 0.4 7.7 233.1

1992 4.2 222.5 3.2 0.3 1.3 4.8 2.7 7.5 0.5 8.0 230.5

1993 4.3 217.7 3.2 0.4 1.4 4.9 2.7 7.6 0.4 8.0 225.7

1994 4.7 218.3 3.2 0.3 1.4 4.9 2.8 7.7 0.4 8.1 226.3

1995 5.1 214.9 3.2 0.4 1.5 5.1 2.9 8.0 0.4 8.4 223.3

1996 4.8 214.9 3.3 0.4 1.7 5.4 2.9 8.3 0.4 8.7 223.6

1997 5.1 212.1 3.3 0.4 1.9 5.7 3.0 8.7 0.4 9.1 221.1

 1/ Computed from unrounded data. 2/ Includes 2% reduced fat milk, light milk (1%, 0.5%, and buttermilk), and skim milk (fat-free). 3/ Excludes frozen.

 Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 13--Selected cheeses: Per capita consumption, 1970-97

U.S. Natural equivalent of cheese and cheese products 1/

total American Italian Miscellaneous

 Year population, Ched- Other Total Provo- Par- Mozza- Total Swiss

July 1 dar 2/ 3/ lone Romano mesan rella Ricotta Other 3/ 4/ Brick

Millions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1970 205.052 5.79 1.22 7.02 0.23 0.15 0.17 1.19 0.24 0.08 2.06 0.89 0.10

1971 207.661 5.94 1.42 7.35 0.22 0.14 0.20 1.38 0.28 0.07 2.30 0.94 0.11

1972 209.896 6.04 1.67 7.71 0.24 0.17 0.23 1.58 0.31 0.08 2.61 1.07 0.10

1973 211.909 6.10 1.76 7.86 0.27 0.15 0.18 1.77 0.34 0.09 2.81 1.07 0.11

1974 213.854 6.32 2.16 8.48 0.27 0.15 0.25 1.86 0.33 0.09 2.96 1.20 0.11

1975 215.973 6.04 2.13 8.17 0.28 0.22 0.17 2.12 0.38 0.07 3.24 1.10 0.09

1976 218.035 6.45 2.46 8.91 0.31 0.17 0.27 2.32 0.41 0.08 3.56 1.25 0.09

1977 220.239 6.80 2.43 9.23 0.35 0.16 0.26 2.47 0.41 0.09 3.73 1.21 0.07

1978 222.585 6.94 2.61 9.55 0.36 0.19 0.28 2.69 0.44 0.11 4.07 1.34 0.08

1979 225.055 6.93 2.69 9.62 0.40 0.16 0.32 2.81 0.46 0.08 4.24 1.36 0.06

1980 227.726 6.89 2.76 9.64 0.42 0.15 0.28 3.02 0.47 0.10 4.44 1.33 0.07

1981 229.966 7.03 3.14 10.18 0.45 0.14 0.30 2.98 0.49 0.09 4.45 1.27 0.06

1982 232.188 8.72 2.61 11.34 0.47 0.17 0.32 3.29 0.47 0.11 4.84 1.30 0.06

1983 234.307 9.11 2.52 11.63 0.50 0.16 0.32 3.68 0.54 0.09 5.29 1.25 0.06

1984 236.348 9.53 2.32 11.85 0.54 0.17 0.35 4.03 0.58 0.09 5.77 1.24 0.07

1985 238.466 9.76 2.42 12.19 0.57 0.21 0.38 4.63 0.60 0.08 6.46 1.29 0.08

1986 240.651 9.76 2.36 12.12 0.57 0.16 0.33 5.19 0.63 0.10 6.99 1.29 0.08

1987 242.804 10.61 1.80 12.41 0.61 0.23 0.42 5.62 0.68 0.08 7.63 1.24 0.12

1988 245.021 9.52 1.98 11.50 0.61 0.19 0.49 6.01 0.73 0.11 8.13 1.29 0.10

1989 247.342 9.17 1.86 11.03 0.61 0.20 0.42 6.44 0.75 0.08 8.50 1.24 0.07

1990 249.949 9.04 2.09 11.13 0.63 0.14 0.43 6.93 0.79 0.06 8.98 1.35 0.07

1991 252.636 9.05 2.02 11.07 0.62 0.17 0.46 7.22 0.84 0.06 9.37 1.22 0.06

1992 255.382 9.20 2.13 11.32 0.65 0.14 0.53 7.71 0.88 0.05 9.97 1.19 0.06

1993 258.089 9.13 2.28 11.41 0.68 0.13 0.50 7.55 0.88 0.08 9.82 1.20 0.05

1994 260.602 9.11 2.44 11.55 0.71 0.15 0.45 7.94 0.91 0.13 10.29 1.16 0.05

1995 263.039 9.09 2.74 11.84 0.70 0.16 0.39 8.08 0.91 0.16 10.41 1.13 0.04

1996 265.453 9.20 2.79 11.99 0.78 0.16 0.29 8.48 0.95 0.13 10.79 1.10 0.04

1997 267.901 9.60 2.43 12.03 0.75 0.18 0.62 8.38 0.89 0.15 10.96 1.02 0.03

Natural equivalent--continued 1/ Product weight of

Miscellaneous--continued Total processed cheese products 7/

Cream and Blue Total In natural In processed Total Foods and

Muenster Neufchatel 5/ Other 3/ form products 6/ 3/ Cheese spreads Total

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1970 0.17 0.61 0.15 0.37 2.29 6.94 4.42 11.37 3.33 2.20 5.53

1971 0.19 0.62 0.15 0.37 2.38 7.33 4.70 12.03 3.55 2.31 5.86

1972 0.22 0.63 0.17 0.49 2.68 8.25 4.75 13.00 3.38 2.62 6.01

1973 0.22 0.66 0.18 0.60 2.83 8.77 4.72 13.49 3.31 2.68 5.99

1974 0.23 0.71 0.16 0.57 2.97 9.43 4.98 14.41 3.42 2.92 6.34

1975 0.24 0.74 0.16 0.53 2.86 9.09 5.19 14.27 3.35 3.34 6.69

1976 0.25 0.77 0.18 0.50 3.05 10.33 5.19 15.52 3.89 2.59 6.48

1977 0.25 0.80 0.18 0.51 3.03 10.39 5.60 15.99 3.88 3.23 7.12

1978 0.27 0.89 0.19 0.43 3.19 11.26 5.58 16.84 3.84 3.23 7.07

1979 0.28 0.94 0.18 0.48 3.30 11.69 5.47 17.16 3.83 3.12 6.94

1980 0.31 1.00 0.17 0.57 3.44 11.96 5.57 17.53 3.96 3.09 7.05

1981 0.29 1.05 0.16 0.71 3.54 12.86 5.31 18.18 3.63 3.14 6.77

1982 0.31 1.13 0.16 0.77 3.73 13.57 6.33 19.90 4.66 3.29 7.95

1983 0.30 1.15 0.16 0.73 3.66 13.82 6.74 20.57 5.09 3.32 8.41

1984 0.32 1.17 0.17 0.88 3.85 15.32 6.16 21.48 4.46 3.30 7.76

1985 0.34 1.23 0.17 0.78 3.90 16.46 6.09 22.54 4.60 3.00 7.60

1986 0.37 1.33 0.17 0.76 4.00 16.75 6.37 23.12 4.77 3.18 7.96

1987 0.38 1.41 0.17 0.73 4.05 17.28 6.82 24.10 5.23 3.18 8.41

1988 0.34 1.53 0.17 0.65 4.08 17.13 6.58 23.71 4.60 3.75 8.34

1989 0.37 1.62 0.16 0.82 4.27 17.38 6.41 23.79 4.61 3.57 8.17

1990 0.40 1.72 0.17 0.80 4.51 17.82 6.81 24.63 4.79 3.84 8.63

1991 0.42 1.77 0.16 0.95 4.58 18.17 6.85 25.02 4.89 3.77 8.66

1992 0.45 2.02 0.15 0.84 4.72 19.13 6.88 26.00 5.23 3.35 8.58

1993 0.45 2.09 0.15 1.07 5.01 19.28 6.97 26.25 5.23 3.47 8.71

1994 0.44 2.20 0.17 1.00 5.00 19.78 7.06 26.84 5.33 3.48 8.82

1995 0.41 2.07 0.17 1.22 5.03 20.17 7.11 27.27 5.52 3.30 8.82

1996 0.40 2.17 0.17 1.08 4.96 20.59 7.15 27.74 5.53 3.37 8.90

1997 0.37 2.30 0.19 1.17 5.08 21.40 6.68 28.03 5.24 3.02 8.26

 1/ Excludes full-skim American and cottage, pot, and baker's cheese. 2/ Includes Colby, washed curd, stirred curd, Monterey, and Jack. 3/ Computed 

from unrounded data. 4/ Includes imports of Gruyere and Emmenthaler. 5/ Includes Gorgonzola. 6/ Cheese content of processed cheese products.

7/ Total product weight of processed products is greater than the cheese content of processed products because processed cheese and cheese foods 

and spreads are made from natural cheese and other dairy products.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 14--Food fats and oils: Per capita consumption, 1970-97

Total fat content 5/ Total, Other Salad Edible U.S.

product edible and Shortening beef Lard Margarine Butter total Year

Total 3/ Vegetable Animal weight fats cooking tallow 1/ population,

 4/ and oils 3/ oils 2/ 1/ July 1

 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions

52.6 38.5 14.1 55.8 2.3 15.4 17.3 NA 4.6 10.8 5.4 205.052 1970

51.8 37.4 14.4 55.0 2.3 15.6 16.8 NA 4.2 10.9 5.2 207.661 1971

53.4 40.0 13.3 56.6 2.3 16.8 17.6 NA 3.7 11.1 5.0 209.896 1972

53.3 41.7 11.6 56.5 2.6 17.7 17.0 NA 3.3 11.1 4.8 211.909 1973

52.4 40.5 11.9 55.5 1.7 18.1 16.9 NA 3.2 11.1 4.5 213.854 1974

52.6 41.9 10.8 55.8 2.0 17.9 17.0 NA 3.2 11.0 4.7 215.973 1975

55.1 45.0 10.1 58.3 2.0 19.5 17.7 NA 2.9 11.9 4.3 218.035 1976

53.3 42.7 10.6 56.4 1.9 19.1 17.2 NA 2.5 11.4 4.3 220.239 1977

54.9 44.1 10.8 58.0 2.0 20.1 17.8 NA 2.4 11.3 4.4 222.585 1978

56.4 44.9 11.5 59.5 1.7 20.8 18.4 0.4 2.5 11.2 4.5 225.055 1979

57.2 44.8 12.3 60.3 1.5 21.2 18.2 1.1 2.6 11.3 4.5 227.726 1980

57.4 45.7 11.7 60.5 1.4 21.8 18.5 1.0 2.5 11.1 4.2 229.966 1981

58.2 46.8 11.4 61.3 1.6 21.9 18.6 1.3 2.5 11.0 4.3 232.188 1982

60.0 47.9 12.1 63.1 1.6 23.6 18.5 2.1 2.1 10.4 4.9 234.307 1983

61.6 49.1 12.5 64.6 1.7 22.5 21.3 1.7 2.1 10.4 4.9 236.348 1984

64.3 50.9 13.3 67.5 1.6 23.6 22.9 1.9 1.8 10.8 4.9 238.466 1985

64.5 51.9 12.6 67.7 1.7 24.4 22.1 1.8 1.7 11.4 4.6 240.651 1986

63.2 52.0 11.1 66.2 1.3 25.6 21.4 0.9 1.8 10.5 4.7 242.804 1987

63.6 52.7 10.8 66.5 1.3 26.3 21.5 0.8 1.8 10.3 4.5 245.021 1988

60.8 50.9 9.9 63.8 1.3 24.4 21.5 0.3 1.8 10.2 4.4 247.342 1989

62.8 53.1 9.7 65.9 1.2 24.8 22.2 0.5 1.9 10.9 4.4 249.949 1990

65.4 55.7 9.7 68.4 1.3 26.7 22.4 1.4 1.7 10.6 4.4 252.636 1991

67.4 56.8 10.6 70.4 1.4 27.2 22.4 2.4 1.7 11.0 4.4 255.382 1992

70.2 59.7 10.5 73.3 1.7 26.8 25.1 2.2 1.7 11.1 4.7 258.089 1993

68.6 57.2 11.4 71.5 1.6 26.3 24.1 2.4 2.3 9.9 4.8 260.602 1994 

66.9 55.5 11.3 69.6 1.6 26.9 22.5 2.7 2.2 9.2 4.5 263.039 1995 

65.8 54.7 11.1 68.6 1.4 26.1 22.3 3.0 2.3 9.2 4.3 265.453 1996

65.6 55.4 10.3 68.2 1.1 28.7 20.9 2.4 2.3 8.6 4.2 267.901 1997 P

 NA = Not available. P = Preliminary. 1/ Direct use excludes use in margarine, shortening, and nonfood products. 2/ Includes edible rapeseed (canola) oil beginning in 1985, the year it was introduced to the U.S.market. 3/ Specialty fats used mainly in confectionery products and non-dairy creamers. 4/ Computed from unrounded data. 5/ Fat content of butter and margarine is 80 percent ofproduct weight.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 15--Fruits and vegetables (farm weight): Per capita consumption, 1970-97

Total fruit and vegetables 3/ Vegetables Fruit

Processing Total fruit 3/

Excluding Including Total Total Potatoes Dehy- Fresh Excluding Including Wine Proc- Fresh Year

wine wine vegetables processing Pulses for drating Freezing Canning 4/ wine wine grapes essing 1/

grapes grapes 3/ vegetables 8/ chips 7/ 6/ 5/ grapes grapes 2/

Pounds

573.2 590.4 335.4 182.5 7.6 17.4 13.2 43.7 100.7 152.9 237.7 255.0 17.3 136.5 101.2 1970

580.3 604.7 338.3 191.6 7.5 17.2 13.8 45.4 107.7 146.7 242.0 266.4 24.4 141.7 100.3 1971

568.2 585.4 336.6 186.7 6.7 16.7 13.3 45.5 104.5 149.9 231.5 248.8 17.3 136.8 94.8 1972

568.6 596.1 333.8 187.1 7.9 16.3 14.3 50.5 98.1 146.6 234.9 262.3 27.5 138.4 96.4 1973567.3 592.9 333.2 188.6 6.2 15.7 16.0 51.4 99.3 144.5 234.2 259.7 25.5 138.6 95.6 1974589.1 612.9 337.0 189.9 7.2 15.5 16.7 52.7 97.8 147.1 252.1 275.9 23.9 150.3 101.8 1975604.3 628.9 347.3 200.9 7.0 15.8 17.1 57.7 103.3 146.4 257.0 281.6 24.6 155.5 101.5 1976

613.9 639.6 343.9 196.9 6.9 16.2 12.7 59.4 101.7 147.0 270.1 295.8 25.7 170.4 99.7 1977

590.8 620.0 333.1 191.5 5.9 16.5 13.4 59.0 96.7 141.6 257.8 286.9 29.2 154.4 103.4 1978588.9 617.8 339.1 192.5 6.8 16.7 13.1 55.5 100.5 146.5 249.8 278.8 28.9 149.7 100.1 1979

598.8 630.3 336.4 187.2 5.8 16.5 10.6 51.6 102.7 149.3 262.4 293.9 31.5 157.5 104.8 1980

592.6 620.2 332.4 189.6 6.0 16.6 11.6 58.3 97.1 142.8 260.2 287.8 27.6 156.5 103.6 1981596.4 630.2 334.3 185.6 6.9 17.0 12.4 54.3 95.1 148.6 262.1 296.0 33.9 154.7 107.4 1982615.6 642.9 337.1 188.6 7.0 17.8 11.7 55.7 96.5 148.5 278.6 305.8 27.3 168.5 110.0 1983620.7 650.7 354.6 200.6 5.5 18.0 11.8 62.8 102.6 154.0 266.0 296.0 30.0 153.5 112.6 1984

627.5 658.8 358.1 201.9 7.6 17.6 12.8 64.5 99.4 156.1 269.4 300.8 31.3 158.8 110.6 1985635.1 664.5 358.7 202.6 7.3 18.1 12.8 64.5 99.8 156.2 276.3 305.8 29.4 159.0 117.3 1986649.5 675.7 364.0 201.6 5.7 17.6 12.3 67.0 99.1 162.4 285.5 311.7 26.2 164.0 121.6 1987635.9 663.5 363.1 195.7 7.5 17.1 12.1 64.2 94.8 167.4 272.8 300.5 27.6 151.9 120.9 1988657.3 683.1 378.2 206.0 6.3 17.4 12.4 67.6 102.4 172.2 279.1 304.9 25.8 156.3 122.8 1989

656.3 679.9 382.8 215.6 7.1 16.4 14.6 66.8 110.7 167.2 273.5 297.1 23.6 157.1 116.3 1990

660.5 683.5 393.9 226.6 7.8 17.3 15.5 72.7 113.3 167.2 266.6 289.6 23.0 153.6 113.0 1991

661.1 688.1 393.2 222.1 8.2 17.2 14.3 70.8 111.6 171.1 268.0 295.0 27.0 144.5 123.5 1992

685.1 710.1 399.8 227.9 7.7 17.5 15.5 75.1 112.1 171.9 285.4 310.3 24.9 160.5 124.9 1993

689.1 711.6 404.8 227.4 8.5 17.0 14.7 79.5 107.8 177.4 284.3 306.9 22.5 157.8 126.5 1994

690.4 714.9 405.0 229.9 8.5 16.6 14.7 79.9 110.2 175.1 285.4 309.9 24.5 160.8 124.6 1995

706.1 730.5 416.2 234.5 8.0 16.4 17.6 83.9 108.5 181.8 289.8 314.3 24.5 160.8 129.0 1996

710.8 736.1 416.0 230.4 8.5 15.9 18.6 81.5 105.9 185.6 294.7 320.0 25.3 161.5 133.2 1997

 1/ Includes oranges, tangerines, tangelos, lemons, limes, grapefruit, apples, apricots, avocados, bananas, cantaloups, cherries, cranberries, grapes, honeydews, kiwifruits, mangoes,nectarines, peaches, pears, pineapples, papayas, plums, prunes, strawberries, and watermelons. 2/ Includes apples, apricots, blackberries, blueberries, boysenberries, cherries, dates,figs, grapefruit, grapes (excluding wine grapes), lemons, limes, loganberries, nectarines, olives, oranges, peaches, pears, pineapples, plums, prunes, raspberries, strawberries, tangerines,tangelos, and temples. 3/ Computed from unrounded data. 4/ Includes artichokes, asparagus, snap beans, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, celery, sweet corn, cucumbers, eggplant, escarole/endive, garlic, iceberg lettuce, leaf lettuce, lima beans (beginning 1992), mushrooms, onions, bell peppers, potatoes, radishes, romaine, spinach, sweetsweetpototoes, and tomatoes. 5/ Includes asparagus, snap beans, beets, cabbage, carrots, chile peppers, sweet corn, cucumbers for pickling, green peas, lima beans, mushrooms, spinach, and tomatoes. 6/ Includes asparagus, snap beans, green lima beans, broccoli, carrots, cauliflower, sweet corn, green peas, potatoes, spinach, and miscellaneous vegetables.7/ Includes potatoes and onions. 8/ Includes dry peas, lentils, and dry edible beans.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 16--Fresh and processed fruits (farm weight): Per capita consumption, 1970-97

Fresh

Citrus Noncitrus Total

Year Oranges Total Total fresh

and Other citrus Apples Bananas Grapes Melons Other noncitrus fruit

temples 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 2/ 2/

Pounds

1970 16.2 12.7 28.8 17.0 17.4 2.9 21.6 13.5 72.3 101.2

1971 15.7 13.3 29.0 16.4 18.1 2.5 20.7 13.6 71.3 100.3

1972 14.5 12.7 27.2 15.5 17.9 2.5 20.3 11.3 67.6 94.8

1973 14.4 12.8 27.2 16.1 18.2 2.9 19.9 12.2 69.2 96.4

1974 14.4 12.7 27.1 16.4 18.5 3.1 17.6 12.8 68.5 95.6

1975 15.9 13.1 29.0 19.5 17.6 3.6 17.7 14.4 72.8 101.8

1976 14.7 13.8 28.5 17.1 19.3 3.5 18.9 14.2 73.0 101.5

1977 13.4 12.7 26.1 16.5 19.2 3.5 19.5 14.8 73.5 99.7

1978 13.4 12.8 26.2 17.9 20.2 3.1 20.1 15.9 77.2 103.4

1979 11.5 11.5 23.0 17.1 21.0 3.4 19.1 16.5 77.1 100.1

1980 14.3 11.8 26.1 19.2 20.8 4.0 17.9 16.9 78.8 104.8

1981 12.4 11.1 23.5 16.8 21.5 4.1 19.3 18.5 80.2 103.6

1982 11.7 11.7 23.4 17.5 22.5 5.7 22.0 16.2 84.0 107.4

1983 15.0 12.9 28.0 18.3 21.3 5.6 19.6 17.3 82.1 110.0

1984 11.9 10.7 22.5 18.4 22.2 6.1 23.9 19.5 90.1 112.6

1985 11.6 9.9 21.5 17.3 23.5 6.8 24.1 17.5 89.2 110.6

1986 13.4 10.8 24.2 17.8 25.8 7.1 24.6 17.8 93.1 117.3

1987 12.8 11.1 23.9 20.8 25.0 7.0 24.3 20.5 97.7 121.6

1988 13.9 11.5 25.4 19.8 24.3 7.7 23.8 19.9 95.5 120.9

1989 12.2 11.4 23.6 21.2 24.7 7.9 26.5 18.9 99.3 122.8

1990 12.4 9.0 21.4 19.6 24.4 7.9 24.6 18.5 95.0 116.3

1991 8.5 10.6 19.1 18.2 25.1 7.3 23.4 20.0 93.9 113.0

1992 12.9 11.4 24.4 19.3 27.3 7.2 25.4 20.0 99.1 123.5

1993 14.3 11.7 26.0 19.2 26.8 7.0 25.0 20.9 98.9 124.9

1994 13.1 11.9 25.0 19.6 28.1 7.3 25.9 20.7 101.5 126.5

1995 12.0 12.1 24.1 19.0 27.4 7.5 26.8 19.8 100.5 124.6

1996 12.8 12.2 24.9 19.0 28.0 6.9 30.1 20.0 104.1 129.0

1997 14.1 12.7 26.8 18.5 27.7 8.0 30.4 21.8 106.4 133.2

Processed

Citrus Noncitrus Total Total

Oranges Total Total processed fruit

and Other citrus Apples Grapes Pineapple Other noncitrus fruit 2/

temples 1/ 2/ 5/ 6/ 2/ 2/

Pounds

1970 67.4 14.7 82.2 14.4 8.6 11.1 20.3 54.4 136.5 237.7

1971 68.8 16.5 85.2 14.3 10.4 11.1 20.6 56.4 141.7 242.0

1972 71.8 16.8 88.6 12.5 6.8 10.6 18.3 48.2 136.8 231.5

1973 69.6 18.8 88.4 13.3 9.5 8.7 18.6 50.0 138.4 234.9

1974 72.5 16.3 88.8 14.0 9.7 7.8 18.3 49.9 138.6 234.2

1975 78.3 21.3 99.6 13.8 9.3 9.1 18.5 50.7 150.3 252.1

1976 87.4 15.0 102.4 12.6 12.5 9.1 18.9 53.1 155.5 257.0

1977 97.1 20.7 117.8 15.0 8.6 9.6 19.4 52.6 170.4 270.1

1978 78.3 22.8 101.1 17.5 9.1 9.4 17.3 53.3 154.4 257.8

1979 74.6 18.7 93.2 18.8 9.7 10.5 17.4 56.5 149.7 249.8

1980 81.0 16.6 97.6 20.4 11.7 10.6 17.3 60.0 157.5 262.4

1981 82.8 21.8 104.6 17.7 8.5 9.7 16.1 51.9 156.5 260.2

1982 75.0 19.6 94.5 22.0 11.6 9.8 16.7 60.2 154.7 262.1

1983 91.0 17.9 108.9 23.1 11.7 9.7 15.1 59.6 168.5 278.6

1984 80.3 11.1 91.3 25.7 12.1 9.1 15.2 62.1 153.5 266.0

1985 78.4 16.6 95.0 25.7 12.3 10.7 15.1 63.8 158.8 269.4

1986 82.4 12.8 95.3 24.9 11.1 12.0 15.7 63.7 159.0 276.3

1987 78.0 18.9 96.9 27.2 11.6 11.6 16.6 67.1 164.0 285.5

1988 72.4 10.5 82.9 27.2 14.1 11.5 16.3 69.0 151.9 272.8

1989 73.9 14.3 88.2 24.8 12.5 12.2 18.6 68.1 156.3 279.1

1990 72.0 15.1 87.1 28.0 11.8 12.7 17.6 70.0 157.1 273.5

1991 73.7 12.3 86.0 25.3 12.7 12.8 16.7 67.6 153.6 266.6

1992 63.5 10.9 74.4 27.3 11.4 13.3 18.0 70.1 144.5 268.0

1993 74.6 15.3 89.9 29.0 12.7 11.8 17.0 70.6 160.5 285.4

1994 72.5 15.3 87.8 29.5 11.8 10.7 18.1 70.0 157.8 284.3

1995 78.9 15.5 94.4 26.4 14.2 10.6 15.3 66.5 160.8 285.4

1996 76.7 17.3 94.0 27.9 11.6 10.6 16.7 66.9 160.8 289.8

1997 78.1 17.0 95.1 27.2 11.9 10.0 17.3 66.4 161.5 294.7

 1/ Grapefruit, lemons, limes, tangelos, and tangerines. 2/ Computed from unrounded data. 3/ Watermelon, cantaloupe, and honeydew. 4/ Apricots,

avocados, cherries, cranberries, kiwifruit, mangoes, nectarines, peaches, pears, pineapples, papayas, plums, prunes, and strawberries. 5/ Excludes 

wine grapes. 6/ Apricots, blackberries, blueberries, boysenberries, cherries, dates, figs, loganberries, nectarines, olives, peaches, pears, plums, 

prunes, raspberries, and strawberries. 

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 17--Fresh fruits (farm weight): Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Citrus Noncitrus

Year Oranges Tangerines

2/ and and Lemons Limes Grape- Total Apples Apricots Avocados Bananas Cherries Crantemples tangelos fruit 3/ berries

Pounds

1970 16.2 2.2 2.1 0.2 8.2 28.8 17.0 0.1 0.8 17.4 0.5 0.2

1971 15.7 2.3 2.3 0.2 8.5 29.0 16.4 0.1 0.4 18.1 0.7 0.2

1972 14.5 2.1 1.9 0.2 8.6 27.2 15.5 0.1 0.8 17.9 0.4 0.2

1973 14.4 2.1 1.9 0.2 8.6 27.2 16.1 0.1 0.4 18.2 0.7 0.2

1974 14.4 2.2 2.0 0.2 8.2 27.1 16.4 0.1 0.7 18.5 0.6 0.1

1975 15.9 2.6 2.0 0.2 8.4 29.0 19.5 0.1 1.2 17.6 0.7 0.1

1976 14.7 2.4 1.9 0.2 9.3 28.5 17.1 0.1 0.7 19.3 0.8 0.2

1977 13.4 2.6 2.1 0.2 7.7 26.1 16.5 0.1 1.2 19.2 0.6 0.2

1978 13.4 2.1 2.1 0.2 8.3 26.2 17.9 0.1 1.1 20.2 0.5 0.2

1979 11.5 2.0 1.9 0.3 7.3 23.0 17.1 0.1 1.3 21.0 0.7 0.1

1980 14.3 2.2 1.9 0.4 7.3 26.1 19.2 0.1 0.8 20.8 0.7 0.1

1981 12.4 2.0 2.0 0.4 6.7 23.5 16.8 0.1 2.1 21.5 0.5 0.2

1982 11.7 2.1 2.1 0.4 7.2 23.4 17.5 0.1 1.6 22.5 0.5 0.2

1983 15.0 2.3 2.3 0.5 7.8 28.0 18.3 0.1 1.8 21.3 0.7 0.1

1984 11.9 2.1 2.2 0.5 6.0 22.5 18.4 0.1 2.2 22.2 0.7 0.1

1985 11.6 1.5 2.3 0.6 5.5 21.5 17.3 0.2 1.8 23.5 0.4 0.1

1986 13.4 1.6 2.5 0.6 6.1 24.2 17.8 0.1 1.5 25.8 0.5 0.1

1987 12.8 1.8 2.5 0.5 6.3 23.9 20.8 0.1 2.4 25.0 0.7 0.1

1988 13.9 1.8 2.5 0.6 6.7 25.4 19.8 0.2 1.6 24.3 0.5 0.1

1989 12.2 1.7 2.4 0.7 6.6 23.6 21.2 0.1 1.6 24.7 0.5 0.1

1990 12.4 1.3 2.6 0.7 4.4 21.4 19.6 0.2 1.1 24.4 0.4 0.1

1991 8.5 1.4 2.6 0.8 5.9 19.1 18.2 0.1 1.4 25.1 0.4 0.1

1992 12.9 1.9 2.5 1.0 5.9 24.4 19.3 0.2 1.4 27.3 0.5 0.1

1993 14.3 1.9 2.7 1.0 6.2 26.0 19.2 0.1 2.2 26.8 0.4 0.1

1994 13.1 2.1 2.7 1.0 6.1 25.0 19.6 0.1 1.3 28.1 0.5 0.1

1995 12.0 2.0 2.9 1.2 6.1 24.1 19.0 0.1 1.4 27.4 0.3 0.1

1996 12.8 2.2 2.9 1.2 5.9 24.9 19.0 0.1 1.6 28.0 0.4 0.1

1997 14.1 2.5 2.8 1.2 6.3 26.8 18.5 0.1 1.4 27.7 0.5 0.1

Noncitrus--continued Total

Peaches Plums fresh

Grapes Kiwifruit Mangoes and Pears Pine- Papayas and Straw- Melons Total fruit

nectarines apples prunes berries 3/ 3/

Pounds

1970 2.9 NA 0.1 5.8 1.9 0.7 0.1 1.5 1.7 21.6 72.3 101.2

1971 2.5 NA 0.1 5.7 2.5 0.6 0.1 1.3 1.8 20.7 71.3 100.3

1972 2.5 NA 0.1 3.9 2.3 0.8 0.1 1.1 1.7 20.3 67.6 94.8

1973 2.9 NA 0.1 4.3 2.6 0.9 0.1 1.1 1.6 19.9 69.2 96.4

1974 3.1 NA 0.1 4.3 2.5 0.9 0.2 1.5 1.8 17.6 68.5 95.6

1975 3.6 NA 0.2 5.0 2.7 1.0 0.2 1.3 1.8 17.7 72.8 101.8

1976 3.5 NA 0.2 5.1 2.8 1.1 0.2 1.3 1.7 18.9 73.0 101.5

1977 3.5 NA 0.1 5.1 2.4 1.4 0.3 1.5 1.9 19.5 73.5 99.7

1978 3.1 NA 0.2 6.1 2.3 1.4 0.3 1.5 2.1 20.1 77.2 103.4

1979 3.4 NA 0.2 6.7 2.3 1.5 0.2 1.6 1.9 19.1 77.1 100.1

1980 4.0 NA 0.2 7.1 2.6 1.5 0.2 1.5 2.0 17.9 78.8 104.8

1981 4.1 NA 0.2 6.9 2.8 1.6 0.2 1.7 2.2 19.3 80.2 103.6

1982 5.7 0.1 0.3 5.3 2.8 1.7 0.2 1.1 2.4 22.0 84.0 107.4

1983 5.6 0.1 0.4 5.4 3.0 1.7 0.2 1.4 2.3 19.6 82.1 110.0

1984 6.1 0.2 0.4 6.7 2.5 1.5 0.3 1.8 3.0 23.9 90.1 112.6

1985 6.8 0.1 0.4 5.5 2.8 1.5 0.2 1.4 3.0 24.1 89.2 110.6

1986 7.1 0.1 0.5 5.8 3.0 1.7 0.2 1.3 2.9 24.6 93.1 117.3

1987 7.0 0.2 0.6 6.0 3.5 1.6 0.2 1.9 3.1 24.3 97.7 121.6

1988 7.7 0.2 0.4 6.7 3.2 1.8 0.2 1.7 3.3 23.8 95.5 120.9

1989 7.9 0.3 0.5 5.9 3.2 2.0 0.1 1.4 3.3 26.5 99.3 122.8

1990 7.9 0.5 0.5 5.5 3.2 2.1 0.2 1.5 3.2 24.6 95.0 116.3

1991 7.3 0.4 0.9 6.4 3.2 1.9 0.2 1.4 3.6 23.4 93.9 113.0

1992 7.2 0.4 0.7 6.0 3.1 2.0 0.2 1.8 3.6 25.4 99.1 123.5

1993 7.0 0.6 0.9 6.0 3.4 2.1 0.3 1.3 3.6 25.0 98.9 124.9

1994 7.3 0.6 1.0 5.5 3.5 2.0 0.3 1.6 4.1 25.9 101.5 126.5

1995 7.5 0.6 1.1 5.4 3.4 1.9 0.4 0.9 4.2 26.8 100.5 124.6

1996 6.9 0.6 1.4 4.5 3.1 1.9 0.6 1.5 4.4 30.1 104.1 129.0

1997 8.0 0.5 1.5 5.7 3.5 2.4 0.5 1.5 4.2 30.4 106.4 133.2

 NA = Not available.

 1/ Uses U.S. total population, July 1 for everything except lemons, limes, and grapefruit, which use January 1 of the year indicated, and apples, grapes, and 

pears, which use January 1 of the year following that indicated. 2/ Citrus are on a crop-year basis beginning in year preceding that indicated. Noncitrus 

are on a calendar-year basis except apples, grapes, and pears, which are on a crop-year basis beginning in year indicated. 3/ Computed from unrounded data.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 18--Fresh fruits (retail-weight equivalent): Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Citrus Noncitrus

Year Oranges Tangerines

2/ and and Lemons Limes Grape- Total Apples Apricots Avocados Bananas Cherries Crantemples tangelos fruit 3/ berries

Pounds

1970 15.7 2.1 2.0 0.2 8.0 27.9 16.3 0.1 0.8 17.4 0.5 0.2

1971 15.3 2.2 2.2 0.2 8.3 28.1 15.8 0.1 0.4 18.1 0.6 0.2

1972 14.0 2.0 1.8 0.2 8.3 26.3 14.9 0.1 0.8 17.9 0.4 0.1

1973 14.0 2.0 1.9 0.2 8.3 26.3 15.5 0.1 0.4 18.2 0.7 0.2

1974 14.0 2.1 1.9 0.2 8.0 26.2 15.7 0.1 0.7 18.5 0.5 0.1

1975 15.4 2.4 1.9 0.2 8.1 28.0 18.7 0.1 1.2 17.6 0.7 0.1

1976 14.3 2.2 1.8 0.2 9.0 27.6 16.4 0.1 0.7 19.3 0.8 0.2

1977 13.0 2.5 2.0 0.2 7.5 25.3 15.9 0.1 1.1 19.2 0.6 0.2

1978 13.0 2.0 2.0 0.2 8.1 25.4 17.2 0.1 1.1 20.2 0.5 0.2

1979 11.2 1.9 1.8 0.3 7.1 22.2 16.5 0.1 1.2 21.0 0.6 0.1

1980 13.9 2.1 1.8 0.3 7.1 25.2 18.4 0.1 0.8 20.8 0.6 0.1

1981 12.0 1.9 1.9 0.4 6.5 22.7 16.2 0.1 2.0 21.5 0.5 0.2

1982 11.3 2.0 2.0 0.4 7.0 22.6 16.8 0.1 1.5 22.5 0.5 0.2

1983 14.6 2.1 2.2 0.5 7.6 27.0 17.5 0.1 1.7 21.3 0.7 0.1

1984 11.5 2.0 2.1 0.4 5.8 21.8 17.6 0.1 2.1 22.2 0.7 0.1

1985 11.2 1.4 2.2 0.5 5.3 20.8 16.6 0.1 1.7 23.5 0.4 0.1

1986 13.0 1.5 2.4 0.6 5.9 23.4 17.1 0.1 1.4 25.8 0.5 0.1

1987 12.4 1.7 2.4 0.5 6.2 23.1 20.0 0.1 2.2 25.0 0.7 0.1

1988 13.5 1.7 2.4 0.5 6.5 24.6 19.0 0.1 1.5 24.3 0.5 0.1

1989 11.8 1.6 2.3 0.7 6.4 22.8 20.4 0.1 1.5 24.7 0.5 0.1

1990 12.0 1.2 2.5 0.6 4.3 20.7 18.8 0.1 1.0 24.4 0.4 0.1

1991 8.2 1.3 2.5 0.7 5.7 18.4 17.5 0.1 1.3 25.1 0.4 0.1

1992 12.5 1.8 2.4 1.0 5.8 23.5 18.5 0.1 1.3 27.3 0.5 0.1

1993 13.8 1.8 2.5 0.9 6.0 25.1 18.4 0.1 2.0 26.8 0.4 0.1

1994 12.7 2.0 2.6 0.9 5.9 24.1 18.8 0.1 1.3 28.1 0.5 0.1

1995 11.6 1.9 2.8 1.1 5.9 23.3 18.2 0.1 1.3 27.4 0.3 0.1

1996 12.4 2.1 2.8 1.1 5.7 24.1 18.2 0.1 1.5 28.0 0.4 0.1

1997 13.6 2.4 2.7 1.1 6.1 25.9 17.7 0.1 1.3 27.7 0.5 0.1

Noncitrus--continued Total

Peaches Plums fresh

Grapes Kiwifruit Mangoes and Pears Pine- Papayas and Straw- Melons Total fruit

nectarines apples prunes berries 3/ 3/

Pounds

1970 2.6 NA 0.1 5.5 1.8 0.7 0.1 1.4 1.6 19.5 68.6 96.5

1971 2.3 NA 0.1 5.4 2.4 0.6 0.1 1.2 1.7 18.9 67.8 95.9

1972 2.3 NA 0.1 3.7 2.2 0.7 0.1 1.0 1.5 18.5 64.3 90.6

1973 2.6 NA 0.1 4.1 2.4 0.9 0.1 1.1 1.5 18.1 65.8 92.2

1974 2.9 NA 0.1 4.1 2.4 0.9 0.2 1.4 1.7 16.0 65.2 91.4

1975 3.3 NA 0.2 4.7 2.6 1.0 0.2 1.3 1.7 16.1 69.3 97.3

1976 3.2 NA 0.2 4.9 2.7 1.1 0.2 1.2 1.5 17.2 69.5 97.1

1977 3.2 NA 0.1 4.8 2.3 1.3 0.2 1.5 1.8 17.7 69.9 95.2

1978 2.8 NA 0.2 5.8 2.2 1.4 0.2 1.5 2.0 18.2 73.4 98.8

1979 3.1 NA 0.2 6.3 2.2 1.4 0.2 1.5 1.7 17.4 73.5 95.8

1980 3.6 NA 0.2 6.7 2.5 1.4 0.2 1.5 1.8 16.3 75.1 100.3

1981 3.7 NA 0.2 6.5 2.7 1.5 0.2 1.6 2.0 17.5 76.3 99.0

1982 5.2 0.1 0.3 5.1 2.7 1.6 0.2 1.0 2.2 20.0 79.9 102.5

1983 5.1 0.1 0.4 5.2 2.8 1.6 0.2 1.3 2.1 17.8 78.0 105.1

1984 5.5 0.1 0.4 6.4 2.4 1.4 0.2 1.7 2.7 21.8 85.6 107.4

1985 6.2 0.1 0.4 5.2 2.6 1.4 0.2 1.4 2.7 21.9 84.7 105.4

1986 6.5 0.1 0.5 5.5 2.8 1.6 0.2 1.2 2.7 22.4 88.6 112.0

1987 6.4 0.2 0.5 5.7 3.3 1.5 0.2 1.8 2.9 22.1 92.8 116.0

1988 7.0 0.2 0.4 6.4 3.1 1.7 0.1 1.6 3.1 21.6 90.7 115.3

1989 7.2 0.3 0.5 5.6 3.0 1.9 0.1 1.3 3.0 24.1 94.2 117.0

1990 7.2 0.4 0.5 5.3 3.1 1.9 0.2 1.5 3.0 22.4 90.2 110.9

1991 6.6 0.4 0.8 6.1 3.0 1.8 0.2 1.4 3.3 21.2 89.2 107.6

1992 6.5 0.4 0.6 5.7 3.0 1.9 0.2 1.7 3.3 23.0 94.2 117.7

1993 6.4 0.5 0.9 5.7 3.2 2.0 0.3 1.2 3.4 22.8 94.1 119.2

1994 6.7 0.5 0.9 5.2 3.3 1.9 0.3 1.5 3.8 23.5 96.5 120.6

1995 6.8 0.5 1.1 5.2 3.2 1.8 0.4 0.9 3.8 24.5 95.6 118.9

1996 6.3 0.5 1.3 4.3 2.9 1.8 0.5 1.4 4.0 27.3 98.7 122.8

1997 7.3 0.4 1.4 5.4 3.3 2.3 0.5 1.5 3.9 27.7 101.0 126.9

 NA = Not available. 

 1/ Uses U.S. total population, July 1 for everything except lemons, limes, and grapefruit, which use January 1 of the year indicated, and apples, grapes, and 

pears, which use January 1 of the year following that indicated. 2/ Citrus are on a crop-year basis beginning in year preceding that indicated. Noncitrus 

are on a calendar-year basis except apples, grapes, and pears, which are on a crop-year basis beginning in year indicated. 3/ Computed from unrounded data.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 19--Canned fruits (product-weight equivalent): Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Plums Apples Crop

Total and Pineapples Pears Peaches Olives Cherries Apricots and year

6/ prunes 5/ 4/ 5/ 3/ applesauce 2/

Pounds

23.31 0.30 4.16 3.27 8.03 1.01 0.41 1.62 4.51 1970

23.65 0.35 4.18 3.98 8.11 1.06 0.41 1.35 4.21 1971

21.43 0.18 4.03 3.63 7.29 0.86 0.38 1.32 3.73 1972

21.98 0.28 3.28 4.01 6.92 0.96 0.25 1.52 4.77 1973

21.71 0.28 3.01 3.72 8.00 0.83 0.38 0.88 4.60 1974

21.13 0.24 3.50 3.86 7.03 1.02 0.32 1.35 3.80 1975

21.08 0.33 3.53 4.32 7.06 1.10 0.21 1.13 3.41 1976

21.94 0.23 3.51 4.46 7.29 1.18 0.26 1.10 3.91 1977

20.51 0.26 3.34 3.79 6.58 0.92 0.20 1.02 4.41 1978

21.58 0.19 3.66 4.64 6.72 0.48 0.19 0.97 4.73 1979

21.06 0.18 3.48 4.58 6.82 0.55 0.30 0.93 4.22 1980

18.32 0.20 3.19 4.37 5.54 0.62 0.23 0.69 3.48 1981

19.50 0.19 3.20 4.05 5.23 1.46 0.30 0.77 4.29 1982

17.36 0.15 3.24 3.64 4.34 1.08 0.19 0.61 4.11 1983

17.36 0.14 2.94 3.17 4.77 1.25 0.32 0.77 4.01 1984

18.10 0.17 3.31 3.21 4.73 1.39 0.28 0.80 4.21 1985

18.24 0.16 3.58 3.44 5.04 1.48 0.18 0.42 3.93 1986

18.38 0.17 3.03 3.88 4.74 1.33 0.28 0.63 4.31 1987

18.48 0.17 2.98 3.87 4.91 1.22 0.24 0.52 4.57 1988

18.54 0.20 3.24 3.71 4.65 1.42 0.27 0.78 4.27 1989

18.38 0.12 3.05 3.92 4.55 1.35 0.26 0.73 4.41 1990

17.13 0.09 3.11 3.42 4.79 0.89 0.22 0.48 4.14 1991

19.84 0.16 3.58 3.70 5.14 1.69 0.30 0.59 4.67 1992

17.98 0.11 3.28 3.38 4.85 1.38 0.33 0.52 4.13 1993

18.34 0.13 3.17 3.75 4.80 1.02 0.37 0.78 4.32 1994

14.92 0.07 2.79 2.99 3.63 0.95 0.31 0.20 3.97 1995

16.37 0.07 2.81 2.82 4.57 1.67 0.23 0.21 3.99 1996

18.01 0.12 2.77 3.53 4.98 1.24 0.29 0.49 4.60 1997

 1/ Uses U.S. total population January 1 of year following that indicated for everything except pineapples, which uses July 1. 2/ Beginning May 1 for apricots, cherries, peaches, pears,and plums; August 1 for apples, grapes, and olives. Pineapples are on a calendar-year basis. 3/ Sweet and tart cherries. 4/ Excludes spiced peaches. 5/ The peaches and pears usedin fruit cocktail are included in the consumption estimates for peaches and pears. 6/ Computed from unrounded numbers.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 20--Frozen fruits (product-weight equivalent): Per capita consumption, 1970-97

Other Berries U.S.

Total Other total

2/ Total Peaches Cherries Apricots Apples Total berries Blue- Straw- Rasp- Black- population, Year

2/ 3/ 2/ 1/ berries berries berries berries July 1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions

3.27 1.42 0.28 0.61 0.06 0.47 1.85 0.06 0.21 1.32 0.16 0.10 205.052 1970

3.54 1.54 0.26 0.68 0.07 0.53 2.00 0.07 0.18 1.43 0.16 0.16 207.661 19713.44 1.65 0.31 0.64 0.04 0.66 1.79 0.06 0.18 1.32 0.12 0.11 209.896 1972

3.35 1.73 0.23 0.81 0.08 0.61 1.62 0.05 0.16 1.23 0.10 0.08 211.909 19732.68 1.16 0.28 0.49 0.06 0.33 1.52 0.04 0.14 1.19 0.09 0.06 213.854 1974

3.02 1.24 0.28 0.44 0.07 0.45 1.78 0.04 0.19 1.38 0.09 0.08 215.973 19752.92 1.25 0.13 0.67 0.06 0.39 1.67 0.05 0.13 1.24 0.13 0.12 218.035 1976

3.01 1.41 0.28 0.62 0.07 0.44 1.60 0.04 0.13 1.18 0.13 0.12 220.239 19773.04 1.37 0.27 0.64 0.07 0.39 1.67 0.05 0.11 1.31 0.10 0.10 222.585 1978

2.64 1.12 0.21 0.52 0.06 0.33 1.52 0.03 0.13 1.22 0.08 0.06 225.055 19792.85 1.17 0.27 0.48 0.07 0.35 1.68 0.03 0.18 1.37 0.08 0.02 227.726 1980

2.72 1.10 0.19 0.49 0.05 0.37 1.62 0.02 0.17 1.31 0.08 0.04 229.966 19812.81 1.33 0.23 0.61 0.06 0.43 1.48 0.02 0.11 1.19 0.07 0.09 232.188 1982

2.80 1.32 0.31 0.62 0.07 0.32 1.48 0.04 0.04 1.25 0.07 0.08 234.307 19832.88 1.30 0.28 0.58 0.06 0.38 1.58 0.02 0.25 1.21 0.06 0.04 236.348 1984

2.99 1.41 0.41 0.58 0.07 0.35 1.58 0.02 0.22 1.18 0.10 0.06 238.466 19853.35 1.55 0.41 0.67 0.07 0.40 1.80 0.03 0.38 1.26 0.09 0.04 240.651 1986

3.55 1.88 0.27 1.00 0.08 0.53 1.67 0.02 0.26 1.27 0.07 0.05 242.804 19873.35 1.62 0.33 0.73 0.06 0.50 1.73 0.04 0.21 1.31 0.09 0.08 245.021 1988

3.72 1.73 0.44 0.74 0.07 0.48 1.99 0.03 0.30 1.38 0.17 0.11 247.342 19893.47 1.62 0.35 0.80 0.07 0.40 1.85 0.03 0.33 1.26 0.16 0.07 249.949 1990

3.45 1.48 0.39 0.58 0.06 0.45 1.97 0.04 0.32 1.40 0.13 0.08 252.636 19913.52 1.55 0.42 0.55 0.07 0.50 1.96 0.02 0.41 1.34 0.12 0.07 255.382 1992

3.42 1.39 0.28 0.68 0.06 0.36 2.04 0.01 0.48 1.32 0.12 0.11 258.089 19933.47 1.51 0.48 0.65 0.07 0.31 1.97 0.01 0.49 1.27 0.12 0.08 260.602 1994 

3.83 1.62 0.45 0.64 0.06 0.46 2.21 0.01 0.46 1.45 0.16 0.12 263.039 19953.64 1.52 0.40 0.59 0.06 0.46 2.11 0.04 0.38 1.44 0.19 0.06 265.453 1996

3.31 1.51 0.38 0.56 0.08 0.49 1.80 0.03 0.33 1.24 0.12 0.08 267.901 1997

 1/ Includes boysenberries for all years, and loganberries until 1995. 2/ Computed from unrounded data. 3/ Includes plums, prunes, and miscellaneous fruit and berries and noncitrus fruit puree less tart cherry. Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 21--Dried fruits (product-weight equivalent): Per capita consumption, 1970-97

U.S. total

Total Raisins Prunes Pears Peaches Figs Dates Apricots Apples population, Crop

4/ 3/ 2/ January 1 of year

following year 1/

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Millions

2.62 1.25 0.69 0.01 0.02 0.22 0.26 0.06 0.11 206.466 1970

2.51 1.34 0.58 0.01 0.02 0.20 0.26 0.04 0.06 208.917 1971

1.98 0.96 0.49 0.01 0.02 0.13 0.25 0.04 0.08 210.985 1972

2.58 1.31 0.55 0.01 0.01 0.18 0.33 0.05 0.14 212.932 1973

2.48 1.39 0.51 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.26 0.03 0.11 214.931 1974

2.60 1.29 0.60 0.01 0.02 0.16 0.34 0.05 0.13 217.095 1975

2.53 1.28 0.53 0.01 0.02 0.17 0.33 0.06 0.13 219.179 1976

2.47 1.25 0.49 0.01 0.02 0.16 0.36 0.06 0.12 221.477 1977

2.22 1.10 0.43 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.34 0.04 0.12 223.865 1978

2.34 1.31 0.38 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.26 0.06 0.14 226.451 1979

2.31 1.46 0.43 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.14 0.03 0.10 228.937 1980

2.48 1.52 0.46 0.01 0.02 0.14 0.18 0.05 0.10 231.157 1981

2.56 1.52 0.42 0.01 0.02 0.14 0.26 0.08 0.11 233.322 1982

2.73 1.58 0.47 0.01 0.04 0.14 0.25 0.09 0.15 235.385 1983

3.13 1.90 0.48 0.01 0.04 0.13 0.32 0.09 0.16 237.468 1984

2.98 1.92 0.49 0.01 0.02 0.13 0.24 0.03 0.14 239.638 1985

2.78 1.83 0.46 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.15 0.08 0.10 241.784 1986

3.10 1.88 0.64 0.01 0.02 0.18 0.17 0.05 0.15 243.981 1987

3.31 2.07 0.60 0.01 0.02 0.15 0.23 0.08 0.15 246.224 1988

3.31 1.92 0.74 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.23 0.10 0.14 248.659 1989

3.05 1.80 0.63 0.01 0.01 0.20 0.23 0.07 0.10 251.370 1990

3.00 1.78 0.64 0.01 0.02 0.15 0.22 0.08 0.10 254.024 1991

2.75 1.62 0.53 0.01 0.02 0.16 0.16 0.10 0.15 256.836 1992

3.01 1.86 0.44 0.01 0.01 0.21 0.21 0.09 0.18 259.417 1993 

2.97 1.73 0.52 0.01 0.01 0.21 0.15 0.15 0.19 261.865 1994 

2.77 1.68 0.51 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.17 0.12 0.15 264.281 1995

2.84 1.60 0.67 0.01 0.02 0.12 0.16 0.10 0.16 266.753 1996

2.69 1.61 0.53 0.01 0.02 0.14 0.15 0.11 0.12 269.182 1997

 1/ Beginning July 1 for apples, apricots, peaches, and pears; September 1 for dates; and August 1 for figs, prunes, and raisins. 2/ Pits-in basis. 3/ Excludes quantities used for juice.4/ Computed from unrounded numbers.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 22--Selected fruit juices: Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Total

fruit Total Prune Cranberry Pineapple Grape Apple Total Lime Lemon Grapefruit Orange Crop

juice noncitrus citrus year

Gallons

5.73 1.14 0.13 -- 0.27 0.22 0.53 4.59 0.01 0.09 0.68 3.81 1970

6.22 1.26 0.12 -- 0.26 0.30 0.58 4.96 0.01 0.10 0.67 4.18 1971

6.07 1.00 0.11 -- 0.25 0.19 0.45 5.07 0.01 0.15 0.71 4.19 1972

6.00 0.90 0.07 -- 0.21 0.24 0.39 5.10 0.01 0.09 0.68 4.32 1973

6.63 1.02 0.10 -- 0.18 0.25 0.49 5.60 0.01 0.24 0.69 4.66 1974

6.92 1.09 0.08 -- 0.21 0.23 0.57 5.84 0.01 0.09 0.56 5.18 1975

6.98 1.04 0.09 -- 0.21 0.22 0.52 5.94 0.01 0.17 0.75 5.01 1976

6.46 1.18 0.11 -- 0.24 0.17 0.66 5.29 0.00 0.18 0.79 4.31 1977

6.76 1.44 0.09 -- 0.24 0.30 0.80 5.32 0.00 0.10 0.76 4.46 1978

7.17 1.50 0.10 -- 0.29 0.23 0.89 5.66 0.01 0.13 0.58 4.95 1979

7.42 1.73 0.09 -- 0.31 0.25 1.08 5.69 0.01 0.25 0.72 4.72 1980

6.75 1.57 0.09 -- 0.28 0.24 0.96 5.18 0.01 0.18 0.69 4.30 1981

8.40 1.84 0.10 -- 0.29 0.24 1.21 6.56 0.01 0.17 0.61 5.78 1982

7.29 2.01 0.08 -- 0.28 0.33 1.32 5.28 0.01 0.12 0.33 4.82 1983

7.72 2.15 0.06 -- 0.27 0.29 1.53 5.57 0.01 0.15 0.61 4.81 1984

7.78 2.17 0.07 -- 0.34 0.23 1.53 5.60 0.01 0.11 0.48 5.00 1985

8.32 2.20 0.07 -- 0.39 0.22 1.52 6.12 0.01 0.21 0.68 5.22 1986

7.88 2.42 0.07 -- 0.43 0.30 1.62 5.47 0.01 0.10 0.37 4.99 1987

8.15 2.35 0.06 -- 0.43 0.27 1.60 5.80 0.01 0.11 0.60 5.09 1988

7.44 2.41 0.07 0.15 0.44 0.30 1.45 5.03 0.02 0.14 0.62 4.25 1989

7.90 2.68 0.04 0.14 0.50 0.28 1.73 5.22 0.02 0.13 0.41 4.65 1990

7.40 2.58 0.04 0.17 0.50 0.35 1.52 4.83 0.01 0.12 0.40 4.29 1991

8.58 2.62 0.03 0.17 0.48 0.38 1.57 5.96 0.01 0.17 0.59 5.19 1992

8.54 2.75 0.04 0.15 0.42 0.35 1.79 5.79 0.01 0.18 0.54 5.06 1993

8.83 2.66 0.04 0.19 0.35 0.29 1.79 6.17 0.02 0.12 0.64 5.38 1994

8.73 2.64 0.04 0.17 0.39 0.46 1.60 6.09 0.01 0.16 0.69 5.23 1995

8.94 2.70 0.03 0.18 0.39 0.38 1.72 6.24 0.02 0.16 0.62 5.43 1996

9.21 2.58 0.03 0.21 0.35 0.41 1.59 6.63 0.01 0.14 0.58 5.91 1997

 -- = Not available. 1/ Single-strength equivalent. Uses U.S. total population July 1 for pineapple, cranberry, and prune; July 1 of year following that indicated for orange and grapefruit; and January 1 of year following that indicated for everything else. Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 23--Apples: Per capita utilized production plus imports and minus exports, farm-weight equivalent, by use, 1970-97 1/

U.S. total population, Crop

Total Other Dry Frozen Juice Canned Fresh January 1 of year

5/ 4/ 3/ following year 2/

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions

31.60 0.70 0.90 0.98 6.36 5.64 17.02 206.466 1970

30.73 0.63 0.48 0.91 7.02 5.27 16.42 208.917 1971

28.03 0.65 0.64 1.12 5.44 4.67 15.53 210.985 1972

29.66 0.60 1.12 1.22 4.63 5.97 16.13 212.932 1973

30.77 0.95 0.91 0.85 5.91 5.75 16.40 214.931 1974

33.52 0.42 1.04 0.95 6.87 4.75 19.49 217.095 1975

30.05 0.33 1.07 1.01 6.30 4.26 17.08 219.179 1976

31.54 0.55 0.99 0.73 7.87 4.88 16.52 221.477 1977

35.77 0.83 0.99 0.93 9.57 5.51 17.95 223.865 1978

35.97 0.57 1.11 0.60 10.63 5.92 17.14 226.451 1979

39.75 0.72 0.82 0.73 13.01 5.27 19.20 228.937 1980

34.67 0.38 0.82 0.75 11.52 4.35 16.85 231.157 1981

39.65 0.50 0.85 0.82 14.58 5.37 17.54 233.322 1982

41.57 0.41 1.21 0.72 15.83 5.13 18.27 235.385 1983

44.28 0.43 1.26 0.83 18.40 5.01 18.35 237.468 1984

43.22 0.31 1.15 0.81 18.42 5.26 17.26 239.638 1985

43.21 0.38 0.83 1.06 18.18 4.91 17.84 241.784 1986

48.17 0.30 1.21 1.02 19.44 5.38 20.83 243.981 1987

47.25 0.27 1.21 1.08 19.15 5.71 19.84 246.224 1988

46.54 0.23 1.11 1.29 17.35 5.34 21.22 248.659 1989

48.07 0.29 0.76 1.21 20.70 5.51 19.60 251.370 1990

43.86 0.39 0.79 1.13 18.20 5.17 18.18 254.024 1991

46.70 0.61 1.21 0.96 18.84 5.84 19.25 256.836 1992

48.71 0.33 1.46 1.09 21.51 5.16 19.17 259.417 1993

49.72 0.51 1.55 1.16 21.51 5.40 19.58 261.865 1994 

45.75 0.30 1.23 1.15 19.16 4.96 18.95 264.281 1995

47.16 0.23 1.26 1.00 20.67 4.99 19.01 266.753 1996

46.14 0.65 0.97 1.27 19.05 5.74 18.46 269.182 1997

 1/ Data only approximate the trend and general level of consumption over time. Year-to-year changes in processed items do not reflect changes in stocks, therefore the numbers do notreflect actual year-to-year changes in consumption. 2/ Beginning August 1. 3/ Numbers include shipments to the U.S. territories. 4/ Includes apples used for vinegar, wine, and fresh slices for pie making. 5/ Calculated from unrounded numbers.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 24--Grapes: Per capita utilized production plus imports and minus exports, farm-weight equivalent, by use, 1970-97 1/

U.S. total population, Crop

Total Dry Wine Juice Canned Fresh January 1 of year

5/ (raisins) 4/ 3/ following year 2/

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Millions

28.77 5.73 17.25 2.38 0.52 2.89 206.466 1970

37.39 6.61 24.40 3.29 0.56 2.53 208.917 197126.56 4.22 17.26 2.08 0.48 2.52 210.985 197239.82 6.30 27.46 2.62 0.55 2.88 212.932 197338.39 6.36 25.53 2.80 0.57 3.14 214.931 197436.79 6.32 23.86 2.52 0.49 3.61 217.095 197540.63 9.62 24.59 2.44 0.44 3.54 219.179 197637.90 6.23 25.72 1.92 0.49 3.54 221.477 197741.33 5.25 29.15 3.36 0.49 3.08 223.865 197842.15 6.69 28.94 2.54 0.53 3.45 226.451 197947.23 8.45 31.51 2.75 0.55 3.97 228.937 198040.17 5.54 27.59 2.62 0.36 4.05 231.157 198151.26 8.73 33.88 2.62 0.30 5.72 233.322 198244.63 7.80 27.26 3.68 0.30 5.59 235.385 198348.19 8.68 30.00 3.17 0.25 6.09 237.468 198450.47 9.37 31.31 2.56 0.38 6.84 239.638 198547.62 8.32 29.43 2.44 0.33 7.10 241.784 198644.87 8.02 26.15 3.33 0.33 7.05 243.981 198749.43 10.85 27.61 2.95 0.32 7.70 246.224 1988

46.23 8.82 25.78 3.37 0.32 7.94 248.659 198943.35 8.36 23.64 3.11 0.32 7.92 251.370 199043.03 8.52 23.02 3.91 0.32 7.26 254.024 199145.67 6.90 27.01 4.21 0.36 7.19 256.836 199244.74 8.55 24.93 3.86 0.35 7.05 259.417 199341.66 8.30 22.53 3.20 0.30 7.33 261.865 1994 46.25 8.95 24.47 5.04 0.27 7.52 264.281 1995 43.88 7.15 25.30 4.22 0.27 6.94 266.753 199653.15 7.12 33.16 4.49 0.33 8.05 269.182 1997

 1/ Data only approximate the trend and general level of consumption over time. Year-to-year changes in processed items do not reflect changes in stocks, therefore the numbers do not reflect actual year-to-year changes in consumption. 2/ Beginning August 1. 3/ Numbers include shipments to the U.S. territories. 4/ Since alcoholic beverages are not partof the official U.S. food supply series, the quantity of grapes used for wine making are subtracted from the total for grapes in table 16. 5/ Calculated from unrounded numbers.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 25--Pineapples: Per capita utilized production plus imports and minus exports, farm-weight equivalent, by use 1970-97 1/

Total 2/ Juice Canned Fresh Year

Pounds

11.83 4.01 7.12 0.70 1970

11.73 3.94 7.14 0.65 1971

11.40 3.73 6.89 0.78 1972

9.60 3.08 5.61 0.92 19738.73 2.68 5.15 0.90 1974

10.12 3.12 5.98 1.03 1975

10.27 3.09 6.03 1.15 1976

10.93 3.57 5.99 1.36 1977

10.82 3.66 5.71 1.44 1978

12.01 4.30 6.25 1.46 1979

12.07 4.62 5.95 1.50 1980

11.26 4.24 5.46 1.56 1981

11.46 4.33 5.47 1.66 1982

11.41 4.19 5.53 1.68 1983

10.58 4.05 5.02 1.51 1984

12.22 5.08 5.66 1.48 1985

13.75 5.90 6.12 1.73 1986

13.22 6.41 5.17 1.63 1987

13.24 6.39 5.09 1.76 1988

14.16 6.65 5.55 1.96 1989

14.71 7.45 5.20 2.05 1990

14.76 7.53 5.31 1.92 1991

15.25 7.13 6.12 2.00 1992

13.90 6.24 5.60 2.05 199312.74 5.28 5.42 2.04 1994 

12.51 5.80 4.77 1.93 199512.52 5.80 4.79 1.92 1996

12.37 5.26 4.73 2.38 1997

 1/ Per capita numbers do not reflect changes in stocks, therefore the numbers do not reflect year-to-year changes in consumption. However, the numbers do approximate the trend and level of consumption over time. Uses U.S. total population, July 1. 2/ Calculated from unrounded numbers.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 26--Melons: Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Total 2/ Honeydew Cantaloupe Watermelon U.S.

total Year

Retail Farm Retail Farm Retail Farm Retail Farm population,

July 1

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

19.5 21.6 0.8 0.9 6.6 7.2 12.1 13.5 205.052 1970

18.9 20.7 0.9 0.9 6.3 6.8 11.7 13.0 207.661 1971

18.5 20.3 1.0 1.0 6.4 7.0 11.1 12.3 209.896 1972

18.1 19.9 1.0 1.1 5.6 6.1 11.5 12.7 211.909 1973

16.0 17.6 0.9 1.0 4.9 5.3 10.2 11.3 213.854 1974

16.1 17.7 1.0 1.1 4.8 5.2 10.3 11.4 215.973 1975

17.2 18.9 0.9 1.0 4.9 5.3 11.4 12.6 218.035 1976

17.7 19.5 1.0 1.1 5.3 5.8 11.4 12.6 220.239 1977

18.2 20.1 1.4 1.6 6.1 6.6 10.7 11.9 222.585 1978

17.4 19.1 1.5 1.6 5.6 6.1 10.3 11.4 225.055 1979

16.3 17.9 1.3 1.4 5.4 5.8 9.6 10.7 227.726 1980

17.5 19.3 1.4 1.5 5.6 6.1 10.5 11.7 229.966 1981

20.0 22.0 1.7 1.8 7.1 7.7 11.2 12.5 232.188 1982

17.8 19.6 1.6 1.8 6.0 6.5 10.2 11.3 234.307 1983

21.8 23.9 1.7 1.8 7.1 7.7 13.0 14.4 236.348 1984

21.9 24.1 1.9 2.1 7.8 8.5 12.2 13.5 238.466 1985

22.4 24.6 2.2 2.4 8.7 9.4 11.5 12.8 240.651 1986

22.1 24.3 2.0 2.2 8.4 9.1 11.7 13.0 242.804 1987

21.6 23.8 2.2 2.4 7.2 7.9 12.2 13.5 245.021 1988

24.1 26.5 2.3 2.5 9.5 10.4 12.3 13.6 247.342 1989

22.4 24.6 1.9 2.1 8.5 9.2 12.0 13.3 249.949 1990

21.2 23.4 1.7 1.9 8.0 8.7 11.5 12.8 252.636 1991

23.0 25.4 1.9 2.1 7.8 8.5 13.3 14.8 255.382 1992

22.8 25.0 1.6 1.7 8.0 8.7 13.2 14.6 258.089 1993

23.5 25.9 1.7 1.8 7.9 8.6 13.9 15.5 260.602 1994

24.5 26.8 1.8 1.9 8.5 9.2 14.2 15.7 263.039 1995

27.3 30.1 1.9 2.1 9.8 10.6 15.6 17.4 265.453 1996

27.7 30.4 2.4 2.6 10.8 11.7 14.5 16.1 267.901 1997

 1/ Includes any processing uses. Excludes quantities produced in home gardens. 2/ Computed from unrounded data. Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 27--Commercially produced fresh vegetables (farm weight): Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Bell Brussels

Year Artichokes Asparagus peppers Broccoli sprouts Cabbage Carrots Cauli- Celery Sweet Cucum- Eggplant Escarole/

2/ 2/ 2/ flower 2/ corn bers 2/ endive

Pounds

1970 0.4 0.4 2.2 0.5 0.3 8.8 6.0 0.7 7.3 7.8 2.8 0.3 0.6

1971 0.4 0.4 2.3 0.7 0.3 8.9 6.1 0.7 7.3 7.5 2.8 0.3 0.6

1972 0.4 0.4 2.4 0.7 0.3 8.5 6.5 0.8 7.1 7.8 3.0 0.4 0.6

1973 0.4 0.4 2.5 0.8 0.3 9.0 6.7 0.8 7.6 7.9 2.7 0.4 0.6

1974 0.4 0.4 2.7 0.8 0.3 9.0 6.9 0.8 7.4 7.7 3.0 0.4 0.5

1975 0.4 0.4 2.5 1.0 0.3 9.1 6.4 0.9 6.9 7.8 2.8 0.4 0.5

1976 0.4 0.4 2.7 1.1 0.3 8.5 6.4 1.0 7.4 8.0 3.1 0.5 0.5

1977 0.4 0.3 2.8 1.2 0.3 8.6 5.3 1.1 7.0 7.6 3.5 0.4 0.5

1978 0.3 0.3 2.8 1.0 0.4 8.7 5.3 0.8 7.1 6.6 3.8 0.5 0.5

1979 0.5 0.3 2.9 1.2 0.4 8.2 5.9 1.1 7.1 6.5 3.8 0.5 0.5

1980 0.4 0.3 2.9 1.4 0.3 8.1 6.2 1.1 7.4 6.5 3.9 0.5 0.5

1981 0.6 0.3 2.8 1.7 0.4 8.2 6.1 1.4 7.3 6.2 4.0 0.5 0.4

1982 0.6 0.4 3.0 2.0 0.3 8.8 6.6 1.3 7.4 6.0 4.2 0.5 0.4

1983 0.5 0.4 3.3 2.0 0.3 8.3 6.5 1.4 7.0 6.1 4.5 0.5 0.4

1984 0.6 0.4 3.6 2.5 0.3 8.7 6.7 1.8 7.1 6.4 4.7 0.5 0.4

1985 0.7 0.5 3.8 2.6 0.3 8.8 6.5 1.8 6.9 6.4 4.4 0.5 0.4

1986 0.6 0.6 4.0 3.0 0.3 8.8 6.5 2.2 6.5 6.1 4.6 0.5 0.4

1987 0.7 0.6 4.2 3.1 0.3 9.2 8.3 2.1 6.6 6.3 5.1 0.5 0.3

1988 0.6 0.6 4.5 3.8 0.3 9.1 7.1 2.2 7.2 5.8 4.8 0.4 0.4

1989 0.7 0.6 4.7 3.8 0.3 8.7 8.1 2.3 7.5 6.5 4.8 0.4 0.3

1990 0.6 0.6 4.5 3.4 0.3 8.8 8.3 2.2 7.2 6.7 4.7 0.4 0.2

1991 0.6 0.6 5.1 3.1 0.3 8.5 7.7 2.0 6.8 5.9 4.6 0.4 0.2

1992 0.6 0.6 5.7 3.4 0.3 8.9 8.3 1.8 7.4 6.9 5.0 0.4 0.2

1993 0.5 0.6 6.2 2.9 0.4 9.7 8.2 1.7 7.1 7.0 5.3 0.4 0.2

1994 0.7 0.6 6.5 3.9 0.3 9.7 8.7 1.6 6.8 8.2 5.5 0.4 0.2

1995 0.5 0.6 6.3 4.4 0.3 8.7 9.0 1.4 6.4 7.8 5.7 0.4 0.2

1996 0.6 0.6 7.3 4.5 0.3 9.2 10.1 1.5 6.3 8.3 6.0 0.4 0.2

1997 0.5 0.7 7.2 5.2 0.3 10.2 12.5 1.6 6.0 8.1 6.3 0.4 0.2

Lettuce Total 3/

Sweet- Excluding Including

Garlic Head Romaine Mush- Onions Potatoes Radishes Snap Spinach potatoes Tomatoes potatoes potatoes

2/ and leaf rooms 2/ beans 2/ and sweet- and sweetpotatoes potatoes

Pounds

1970 0.4 22.4 NA NA 10.1 NA 0.5 1.5 0.3 NA 12.1 NA NA

1971 0.3 22.4 NA NA 10.7 NA 0.6 1.5 0.3 NA 11.3 NA NA

1972 0.4 22.4 NA NA 10.7 NA 0.5 1.5 0.3 NA 12.1 NA NA

1973 0.5 23.1 NA NA 10.2 NA 0.6 1.4 0.3 NA 12.5 NA NA

1974 0.7 23.5 NA NA 11.2 NA 0.5 1.4 0.3 NA 11.8 NA NA

1975 0.7 23.5 NA NA 10.5 NA 0.6 1.4 0.3 NA 12.0 NA NA

1976 0.5 24.2 NA NA 11.0 NA 0.6 1.4 0.3 NA 12.6 NA NA

1977 0.6 25.8 NA NA 11.1 NA 0.7 1.3 0.4 NA 12.4 NA NA

1978 0.6 25.1 NA NA 10.9 NA 0.5 1.3 0.3 NA 12.9 NA NA

1979 0.9 25.1 NA NA 11.4 NA 0.6 1.3 0.4 NA 12.4 NA NA

1980 0.9 25.6 NA NA 11.4 NA 0.6 1.3 0.4 NA 12.8 NA NA

1981 0.7 24.9 NA NA 10.7 NA 0.6 1.3 0.5 NA 12.3 NA NA

1982 0.8 24.9 NA NA 12.2 NA 0.5 1.3 0.5 NA 12.9 NA NA

1983 1.0 22.4 NA NA 12.2 NA 0.5 1.2 0.5 NA 13.5 NA NA

1984 0.8 24.9 NA NA 13.1 NA 0.5 1.3 0.5 NA 14.2 NA NA

1985 1.1 23.7 3.3 NA 13.6 NA 0.5 1.3 0.7 NA 14.9 NA NA

1986 0.8 21.9 2.4 NA 13.7 NA 0.5 1.3 0.6 NA 15.8 NA NA

1987 1.2 25.7 2.5 NA 13.4 NA 0.4 1.2 0.6 NA 15.8 NA NA

1988 1.1 27.0 3.2 NA 14.5 NA 0.5 1.2 0.6 NA 16.8 NA NA

1989 1.0 28.7 3.6 NA 14.8 NA 0.6 1.2 0.6 NA 16.8 NA NA

1990 1.3 27.8 3.8 NA 15.1 NA 0.6 1.1 0.8 NA 15.5 NA NA

1991 1.5 26.1 4.0 NA 15.7 NA 0.5 1.1 0.8 NA 15.4 NA NA

1992 1.5 25.9 4.7 NA 16.2 NA 0.5 1.5 0.8 NA 15.5 NA NA

1993 1.8 24.6 4.9 NA 16.5 NA 0.4 1.5 0.8 NA 16.0 NA NA

1994 1.9 24.3 5.2 NA 16.5 NA 0.4 1.6 0.7 NA 16.5 NA NA

1995 1.9 22.5 5.8 NA 17.6 NA 0.3 1.7 0.6 NA 17.2 NA NA

1996 2.4 23.3 5.9 NA 17.9 NA 0.3 1.4 0.5 NA 18.0 NA NA

1997 2.1 24.3 6.1 NA 17.9 NA 0.4 1.4 0.6 NA 18.9 NA NA

 NA = Not available.

 1/ Uses U.S. total population, July 1. 2/ Includes all uses. 3/ Includes small amounts of lima beans starting in 1992.

 Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 28--Commercially produced fresh vegetables (retail-weight equivalent): Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Bell Brussels

Year Artichokes Asparagus peppers Broccoli sprouts Cabbage Carrots Cauli- Celery Sweet Cucum- Eggplant Escarole/

2/ 2/ 2/ flower 2/ corn bers 2/ endive

Pounds

1970 0.3 0.4 2.0 0.5 0.3 8.2 5.8 0.7 6.8 7.2 2.6 0.3 0.5

1971 0.4 0.3 2.1 0.7 0.3 8.3 5.9 0.6 6.8 6.9 2.6 0.3 0.5

1972 0.4 0.4 2.2 0.6 0.3 7.9 6.3 0.8 6.6 7.1 2.7 0.3 0.5

1973 0.3 0.4 2.3 0.7 0.2 8.3 6.5 0.7 7.0 7.3 2.5 0.4 0.5

1974 0.4 0.4 2.5 0.7 0.3 8.3 6.7 0.7 6.8 7.1 2.7 0.4 0.5

1975 0.4 0.4 2.3 0.9 0.3 8.4 6.3 0.8 6.5 7.2 2.6 0.4 0.5

1976 0.4 0.4 2.5 1.0 0.3 7.9 6.2 0.9 6.8 7.4 2.8 0.4 0.5

1977 0.3 0.3 2.6 1.1 0.3 8.0 5.2 1.0 6.6 7.0 3.2 0.4 0.4

1978 0.3 0.3 2.5 0.9 0.3 8.1 5.2 0.7 6.6 6.1 3.5 0.4 0.4

1979 0.4 0.2 2.7 1.1 0.3 7.7 5.7 1.0 6.6 6.0 3.5 0.4 0.5

1980 0.4 0.3 2.7 1.3 0.3 7.5 6.0 1.0 6.9 6.0 3.6 0.4 0.4

1981 0.5 0.3 2.6 1.5 0.3 7.7 5.9 1.3 6.8 5.7 3.7 0.4 0.4

1982 0.6 0.3 2.7 1.8 0.3 8.2 6.4 1.2 6.9 5.5 3.9 0.5 0.4

1983 0.5 0.4 3.1 1.9 0.3 7.7 6.3 1.3 6.5 5.7 4.2 0.5 0.4

1984 0.6 0.4 3.3 2.3 0.3 8.1 6.5 1.7 6.6 5.9 4.3 0.4 0.4

1985 0.6 0.4 3.5 2.4 0.3 8.2 6.3 1.7 6.4 5.9 4.0 0.4 0.4

1986 0.5 0.5 3.6 2.8 0.3 8.1 6.3 2.0 6.0 5.6 4.3 0.4 0.3

1987 0.6 0.5 3.9 2.8 0.2 8.6 8.0 2.0 6.1 5.8 4.7 0.4 0.3

1988 0.6 0.5 4.1 3.5 0.2 8.5 6.9 2.0 6.7 5.4 4.4 0.4 0.3

1989 0.6 0.5 4.3 3.5 0.3 8.1 7.8 2.1 7.0 6.0 4.4 0.4 0.3

1990 0.5 0.5 4.1 3.1 0.3 8.2 8.0 2.0 6.7 6.2 4.3 0.4 0.2

1991 0.5 0.5 4.7 2.8 0.3 7.9 7.5 1.8 6.3 5.5 4.2 0.4 0.2

1992 0.5 0.5 5.2 3.2 0.3 8.3 8.1 1.7 6.9 6.4 4.6 0.4 0.2

1993 0.5 0.5 5.7 2.6 0.3 9.0 7.9 1.5 6.6 6.5 4.9 0.3 0.2

1994 0.6 0.5 6.0 3.5 0.3 9.0 8.4 1.5 6.3 7.5 5.0 0.4 0.2

1995 0.5 0.5 5.8 4.0 0.3 8.1 8.8 1.3 6.0 7.2 5.3 0.3 0.2

1996 0.5 0.5 6.7 4.1 0.3 8.5 9.8 1.4 5.9 7.6 5.5 0.4 0.2

1997 0.5 0.6 6.7 4.8 0.3 9.5 12.1 1.5 5.6 7.4 5.8 0.4 0.2

Lettuce Total 3/

Sweet- Excluding Including

Garlic Head Romaine Mush- Onions Potatoes Radishes Snap Spinach potatoes Tomatoes potatoes potatoes

2/ and leaf rooms 2/ beans 2/ and sweet- and sweetpotatoes potatoes

Pounds

1970 0.4 20.8 NA NA 9.5 NA 0.5 1.5 0.3 NA 10.3 NA NA

1971 0.2 20.8 NA NA 10.1 NA 0.5 1.4 0.3 NA 9.6 NA NA

1972 0.3 20.9 NA NA 10.1 NA 0.5 1.4 0.2 NA 10.3 NA NA

1973 0.4 21.5 NA NA 9.6 NA 0.5 1.3 0.3 NA 10.6 NA NA

1974 0.5 21.9 NA NA 10.5 NA 0.5 1.3 0.2 NA 10.1 NA NA

1975 0.6 21.9 NA NA 9.9 NA 0.6 1.4 0.3 NA 10.2 NA NA

1976 0.4 22.5 NA NA 10.3 NA 0.6 1.4 0.3 NA 10.7 NA NA

1977 0.5 24.0 NA NA 10.4 NA 0.6 1.3 0.3 NA 10.5 NA NA

1978 0.5 23.3 NA NA 10.3 NA 0.5 1.2 0.3 NA 11.0 NA NA

1979 0.8 23.3 NA NA 10.8 NA 0.6 1.2 0.4 NA 10.6 NA NA

1980 0.7 23.8 NA NA 10.7 NA 0.5 1.2 0.4 NA 10.9 NA NA

1981 0.5 23.2 NA NA 10.1 NA 0.6 1.2 0.5 NA 10.5 NA NA

1982 0.6 23.2 NA NA 11.5 NA 0.5 1.2 0.5 NA 11.0 NA NA

1983 0.8 20.9 NA NA 11.4 NA 0.5 1.2 0.5 NA 11.4 NA NA

1984 0.6 23.2 NA NA 12.3 NA 0.5 1.3 0.5 NA 12.1 NA NA

1985 0.9 22.0 3.0 NA 12.8 NA 0.5 1.2 0.6 NA 12.6 NA NA

1986 0.6 20.4 2.2 NA 12.9 NA 0.4 1.2 0.5 NA 13.4 NA NA

1987 0.9 23.9 2.3 NA 12.6 NA 0.4 1.1 0.5 NA 13.5 NA NA

1988 0.9 25.1 3.0 NA 13.7 NA 0.5 1.1 0.5 NA 14.3 NA NA

1989 0.8 26.7 3.3 NA 13.9 NA 0.6 1.1 0.6 NA 14.3 NA NA

1990 1.1 25.8 3.5 NA 14.2 NA 0.6 1.0 0.7 NA 13.2 NA NA

1991 1.2 24.3 3.7 NA 14.8 NA 0.5 1.1 0.7 NA 13.1 NA NA

1992 1.2 24.1 4.4 NA 15.2 NA 0.5 1.4 0.7 NA 13.2 NA NA

1993 1.5 22.9 4.6 NA 15.5 NA 0.4 1.4 0.7 NA 13.6 NA NA

1994 1.5 22.6 4.9 NA 15.5 NA 0.4 1.5 0.6 NA 14.0 NA NA

1995 1.5 20.9 5.4 NA 16.6 NA 0.3 1.6 0.5 NA 14.6 NA NA

1996 1.9 21.7 5.5 NA 16.8 NA 0.3 1.3 0.5 NA 15.3 NA NA

1997 1.7 22.6 5.6 NA 16.8 NA 0.4 1.3 0.5 NA 16.1 NA NA

 NA = Not available.

 1/ Uses U.S. total population, July 1. 2/ Includes all uses. 3/ Includes small amounts of lima beans starting in 1992.

 Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 29--Selected commercially grown vegetables for freezing (farm weight): Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

U.S

Total for canning Other Green Sweet Cauli- Snap Aspar- total Year

Including Excluding 2/ Potatoes peas corn flower Carrots Broccoli beans agus population,

potatoes potatoes July 1

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

NA NA 2.9 NA 1.9 5.8 0.5 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.3 205.052 1970

NA NA 3.2 NA 2.1 5.5 0.6 1.3 0.9 1.4 0.3 207.661 1971

NA NA 3.2 NA 2.0 5.4 0.5 1.5 1.0 1.4 0.2 209.896 1972

NA NA 3.3 NA 1.9 6.0 0.6 1.6 1.0 1.7 0.2 211.909 1973

NA NA 2.9 NA 2.0 5.9 0.7 1.8 1.1 1.5 0.2 213.854 1974

NA NA 2.8 NA 1.9 6.3 0.6 1.6 1.0 1.2 0.2 215.973 1975

NA NA 2.9 NA 1.9 5.9 0.6 1.7 1.1 1.5 0.3 218.035 1976

NA NA 2.7 NA 1.8 7.4 0.7 1.8 1.2 1.4 0.2 220.239 1977

NA NA 2.7 NA 1.8 6.3 0.8 1.8 1.4 1.4 0.2 222.585 1978

NA NA 2.7 NA 1.9 6.8 0.7 1.9 1.4 1.4 0.2 225.055 1979

NA NA 2.6 NA 1.8 6.4 0.8 1.7 1.4 1.4 0.1 227.726 1980

NA NA 2.7 NA 1.7 6.3 0.9 1.9 1.5 1.7 0.1 229.966 1981

NA NA 2.5 NA 1.7 5.8 0.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 0.1 232.188 1982

NA NA 2.4 NA 1.8 6.6 0.8 1.8 1.5 1.5 0.1 234.307 1983

NA NA 2.4 NA 2.0 8.0 0.9 2.1 1.8 1.8 0.1 236.348 1984

NA NA 2.5 NA 2.1 7.9 0.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 0.1 238.466 1985

NA NA 2.7 NA 1.9 7.6 0.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 0.1 240.651 1986

NA NA 2.6 NA 1.7 7.8 0.9 2.1 2.2 1.7 0.1 242.804 1987

NA NA 2.9 NA 1.9 8.7 0.9 2.3 2.4 1.7 0.1 245.021 1988

NA NA 2.8 NA 2.0 8.4 0.8 2.5 2.2 2.0 0.1 247.342 1989

NA NA 2.2 NA 2.2 8.6 0.8 2.3 2.2 1.9 0.1 249.949 1990

NA NA 2.6 NA 2.3 9.4 0.6 2.4 2.3 1.8 0.1 252.636 1991

NA NA 2.4 NA 2.0 9.0 0.7 2.3 2.4 1.7 0.1 255.382 1992

NA NA 2.8 NA 1.9 9.8 0.7 2.8 2.3 1.8 0.1 258.089 1993

NA NA 2.9 NA 2.2 9.2 0.6 2.8 2.3 2.0 0.1 260.602 1994

NA NA 2.8 NA 2.1 10.5 0.6 2.6 2.6 1.7 0.1 263.039 1995

NA NA 3.1 NA 1.9 10.5 0.5 2.9 2.6 1.9 0.1 265.453 1996

NA NA 2.9 NA 2.0 10.4 0.4 2.6 2.3 1.8 0.1 267.901 1997

 1/ Data could not be converted to product weight because statistics on the use of vegetables in end products such as tomatoes in catsup are not complete. 2/ Includes lima beans, spinach, and other vegetables for freezing.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 30--Selected commercially grown vegetables for canning (farm weight): Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

U.S

Total for canning Other Toma- Chile Mush- Green Cucum- Sweet Cab- Snap Aspar- total Year

Including Excluding 5/ toes Potatoes peppers rooms peas bers corn Carrots bage beans agus population,

tomatoes tomatoes 4/ 3/ 2/ July 1

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

NA NA 2.7 62.1 NA NA NA 3.2 5.7 14.3 2.1 2.3 4.7 0.6 205.052 1970

NA NA 3.0 68.3 NA NA NA 3.2 5.5 14.8 2.0 2.5 4.6 0.6 207.661 1971

NA NA 3.0 64.9 NA NA NA 3.1 5.4 15.0 2.4 2.2 4.6 0.6 209.896 1972

NA NA 2.8 58.4 NA NA NA 3.4 5.7 14.5 2.3 2.1 4.9 0.6 211.909 1973

NA NA 2.7 61.3 NA NA NA 2.9 5.7 13.5 2.0 2.3 4.9 0.5 213.854 1974

NA NA 2.8 61.9 NA NA NA 2.8 6.1 12.0 1.9 2.1 4.4 0.6 215.973 1975

NA NA 2.7 65.7 NA NA NA 2.9 6.1 13.1 1.9 2.2 4.9 0.5 218.035 1976

NA NA 2.8 62.8 NA NA NA 3.0 5.8 14.1 1.9 2.2 4.8 0.5 220.239 1977

NA NA 2.7 58.8 NA NA NA 2.9 6.0 13.4 1.6 2.1 4.8 0.4 222.585 1978

NA NA 2.4 64.3 NA NA NA 2.6 5.8 12.7 1.8 2.1 4.7 0.3 225.055 1979

NA NA 2.6 63.6 NA 3.3 NA 2.7 5.4 13.0 1.7 2.0 4.6 0.4 227.726 1980

NA NA 2.3 59.3 NA 3.6 NA 2.7 5.3 12.1 1.5 2.0 4.6 0.4 229.966 1981

NA NA 1.8 60.1 NA 3.3 NA 2.5 5.1 11.6 1.1 1.7 4.2 0.3 232.188 1982

NA NA 1.6 60.9 NA 3.5 NA 2.4 5.2 11.6 1.1 2.1 4.1 0.3 234.307 1983

NA NA 1.6 68.5 NA 4.0 NA 2.0 5.2 10.2 1.8 1.7 3.7 0.3 236.348 1984

NA NA 1.4 63.2 NA 4.3 NA 2.1 5.8 11.9 1.3 1.6 3.8 0.3 238.466 1985

NA NA 1.5 63.6 NA 4.6 NA 2.2 5.3 12.1 1.0 1.6 3.9 0.3 240.651 1986

NA NA 1.2 65.2 NA 4.6 NA 2.0 5.5 10.6 0.9 1.6 3.8 0.3 242.804 1987

NA NA 1.3 61.3 NA 4.8 NA 1.8 5.3 10.4 1.0 1.4 3.8 0.3 245.021 1988

NA NA 1.3 69.4 NA 5.4 NA 1.7 5.2 9.5 0.9 1.3 3.9 0.3 247.342 1989

NA NA 1.4 75.4 NA 6.2 NA 1.9 5.0 11.0 1.1 1.2 3.7 0.3 249.949 1990

NA NA 1.2 77.4 NA 6.2 NA 1.9 5.1 11.1 1.1 1.4 4.1 0.3 252.636 1991

NA NA 1.4 73.7 NA 7.2 NA 2.1 4.6 11.9 1.7 1.2 4.0 0.3 255.382 1992

NA NA 1.3 76.4 NA 7.1 NA 1.6 4.4 11.2 1.0 1.4 4.0 0.3 258.089 1993

NA NA 1.8 73.6 NA 5.7 NA 1.5 4.7 10.2 1.3 1.2 3.8 0.2 260.602 1994

NA NA 1.8 75.6 NA 5.0 NA 1.6 5.2 10.5 1.5 1.4 3.5 0.3 263.039 1995

NA NA 1.6 74.2 NA 6.2 NA 1.5 4.1 10.5 1.5 1.2 3.8 0.2 265.453 1996

NA NA 1.5 72.7 NA 5.2 NA 1.5 5.3 10.0 1.3 1.1 3.7 0.2 267.901 1997

 NA = Not available. 1/ Data could not be converted to product weight because statistics on the use of vegetables in end products such as tomatoes in catsup are not complete. 2/ Cabbage for sauerkraut. 3/ Cucumbers for pickling. 4/ Includes tomatoes for canned whole tomatoes, sauce, paste, juice, catsup, and chili sauce. 5/ Includes lima beans, beets, and spinach. Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 31--Mushrooms: Per capita consumption, 1970-97

U.S. total

Total Processing Fresh market population, Crop

January 1 year

Retail Farm Retail Farm Retail Farm of following 1/

year

----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

1.0 1.3 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.3 206.466 1970

1.1 1.4 0.8 1.1 0.3 0.3 208.917 1971

1.1 1.6 0.8 1.2 0.3 0.4 210.985 1972

1.3 1.7 0.8 1.2 0.5 0.5 212.932 1973

1.4 1.8 0.8 1.2 0.6 0.6 214.931 1974

1.4 1.9 0.8 1.2 0.6 0.7 217.095 1975

1.6 2.1 1.0 1.4 0.6 0.7 219.179 1976

1.9 2.5 1.1 1.6 0.8 0.9 221.477 1977

2.1 2.7 1.1 1.7 1.0 1.0 223.865 1978

2.3 2.8 1.2 1.7 1.1 1.1 226.451 1979

2.1 2.7 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.2 228.937 1980

2.3 2.9 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.4 231.157 1981

2.4 2.9 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.4 233.322 1982

2.7 3.4 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.6 235.385 1983

2.9 3.6 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.8 237.468 1984

2.9 3.6 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.8 239.638 1985

3.1 3.8 1.3 1.9 1.8 1.9 241.784 1986

2.9 3.5 1.1 1.6 1.8 1.9 243.981 1987

2.9 3.5 1.0 1.5 1.9 2.0 246.224 1988

2.9 3.5 1.0 1.5 1.9 2.0 248.659 1989

3.1 3.7 1.2 1.7 1.9 2.0 251.370 1990

3.0 3.7 1.2 1.8 1.8 1.9 254.024 1991

3.0 3.7 1.1 1.7 1.9 2.0 256.836 1992

3.1 3.7 1.2 1.7 1.9 2.0 259.417 1993

3.2 4.0 1.3 2.0 1.9 2.0 261.865 1994

3.1 3.9 1.2 1.8 1.9 2.1 264.281 1995

3.3 4.0 1.3 1.9 2.0 2.1 266.753 1996

3.2 4.0 1.2 1.8 2.0 2.2 269.182 1997

 1/ Crop year begins July 1 of year indicated and ends June 30 of the following year.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 32--Potatoes: Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Potatoes U.S. total

Total 2/ 3/ Fresh Dehydrated Chips and shoestrings Frozen Canned population, Year

Retail Farm Retail Farm Retail Farm Retail Farm Retail Farm Retail Farm July 1

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions

79.3 121.7 59.3 61.8 1.7 12.0 4.3 17.4 12.8 28.5 1.2 2.0 171.984 1970

74.9 117.8 53.8 56.1 1.7 12.3 4.2 17.2 13.9 30.1 1.3 2.1 174.882 1971

76.9 119.4 55.5 57.9 1.7 12.4 4.1 16.7 14.3 30.3 1.3 2.1 177.830 1972

73.9 118.2 50.3 52.4 1.8 13.1 4.0 16.3 16.4 34.2 1.4 2.2 180.671 1973

72.1 117.2 47.4 49.4 2.0 14.5 3.9 15.7 17.3 35.3 1.5 2.3 183.691 1974

76.3 121.9 50.5 52.6 2.1 14.7 3.8 15.5 18.6 37.1 1.3 2.0 186.538 1975

75.8 125.2 47.5 49.4 2.3 16.3 3.9 15.8 20.9 41.8 1.2 1.9 189.242 1976

76.2 122.1 48.1 50.1 1.6 11.4 4.0 16.2 21.1 42.2 1.4 2.2 191.889 1977

72.5 119.5 44.1 46.0 1.7 12.1 4.0 16.5 21.3 42.6 1.4 2.3 194.303 1978

73.7 117.8 47.4 49.3 1.6 11.2 4.1 16.7 19.3 38.5 1.3 2.1 196.560 1979

73.4 114.7 49.1 51.1 1.4 9.8 4.0 16.5 17.7 35.4 1.2 1.9 198.712 1980

71.4 116.5 44.0 45.8 1.5 10.8 4.1 16.6 20.7 41.5 1.1 1.8 200.706 1981

71.4 115.0 45.2 47.1 1.5 10.4 4.2 17.0 19.3 38.6 1.2 1.9 202.677 1982

74.4 118.7 47.8 49.8 1.4 10.0 4.4 17.8 19.6 39.2 1.2 1.9 205.052 1983

75.2 122.1 46.4 48.3 1.4 10.3 4.4 18.0 21.8 43.7 1.2 1.8 207.661 1984

74.3 122.4 44.5 46.3 1.6 11.2 4.3 17.6 22.7 45.4 1.2 1.9 209.896 1985

77.0 125.9 46.9 48.8 1.5 10.9 4.4 18.1 23.1 46.3 1.1 1.8 211.909 1986

76.8 126.0 46.0 47.9 1.5 10.8 4.3 17.6 23.9 47.9 1.1 1.8 213.854 1987

76.2 122.3 47.6 49.6 1.5 10.4 4.2 17.1 21.7 43.3 1.2 1.9 215.973 1988

78.5 127.0 48.0 50.0 1.5 10.8 4.3 17.4 23.4 46.8 1.3 2.0 218.035 1989

75.0 124.1 44.9 46.8 1.8 12.6 4.0 16.4 23.2 46.5 1.1 1.8 220.239 1990

81.2 134.5 48.4 50.4 1.9 13.9 4.2 17.3 25.6 51.2 1.1 1.7 222.585 1991

78.9 130.7 46.7 48.6 1.8 12.9 4.2 17.2 25.1 50.2 1.1 1.8 225.055 1992

81.0 134.9 47.3 49.3 1.9 13.5 4.3 17.5 26.4 52.9 1.1 1.7 227.726 1993

84.2 140.2 48.3 50.3 1.9 13.7 4.2 17.0 28.7 57.4 1.1 1.8 229.966 1994

83.0 138.1 47.3 49.2 1.9 13.4 4.1 16.6 28.5 56.9 1.2 2.0 232.188 1995

85.7 145.3 48.0 50.0 2.3 16.7 4.0 16.4 30.2 60.4 1.2 1.8 234.307 1996

82.9 142.1 46.0 47.9 2.5 17.7 3.9 15.9 29.5 59.0 1.0 1.6 236.348 1997

 1/ Data exclude home-garden products. 2/ Computed from unrounded data. 3/ Excludes potato starch used in processed foods. Includes small amounts of potato flour. Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 33--Pulses, vegetables for dehydrating, and potatoes for chips (farm weight): Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Potatoes Pulses

for chips Vegetables for dehydrating Dry field Dry

and Total peas and edible Year

shoestrings Total Potatoes Onions lentils beans 2/

Pounds

17.4 13.2 12.0 1.2 7.6 0.8 6.8 1970

17.2 13.8 12.3 1.5 7.5 0.7 6.8 1971

16.7 13.3 12.4 0.9 6.7 0.8 6.0 1972

16.3 14.3 13.1 1.2 7.9 0.6 7.4 1973

15.7 16.0 14.5 1.5 6.2 0.7 5.5 1974

15.5 16.7 14.7 2.0 7.2 0.4 6.8 1975

15.8 17.1 16.3 0.8 7.0 0.6 6.4 1976

16.2 12.7 11.4 1.3 6.9 0.4 6.4 1977

16.5 13.4 12.1 1.3 5.9 0.8 5.1 1978

16.7 13.1 11.2 1.9 6.8 0.4 6.4 1979

16.5 10.6 9.8 0.8 5.8 0.4 5.4 1980

16.6 11.6 10.8 0.8 6.0 0.6 5.4 1981

17.0 12.4 10.4 2.0 6.9 0.4 6.5 1982

17.8 11.7 10.0 1.7 7.0 0.4 6.5 1983

18.0 11.8 10.3 1.5 5.5 0.4 5.1 1984

17.6 12.8 11.2 1.6 7.6 0.5 7.1 1985

18.1 12.8 10.9 1.9 7.3 0.7 6.6 1986

17.6 12.3 10.8 1.5 5.7 0.5 5.2 1987

17.1 12.1 10.4 1.7 7.5 0.6 6.9 1988

17.4 12.4 10.8 1.6 6.3 0.4 5.9 1989

16.4 14.6 12.6 2.0 7.1 0.5 6.6 1990

17.3 15.5 13.9 1.6 7.8 0.5 7.3 1991

17.2 14.3 12.9 1.4 8.2 0.4 7.7 1992

17.5 15.5 13.5 2.0 7.7 0.3 7.4 1993

17.0 14.7 13.7 1.0 8.5 0.6 7.8 1994

16.6 14.7 13.4 1.3 8.5 0.7 7.7 1995

16.4 17.6 16.7 0.9 8.0 0.6 7.5 1996

15.9 18.6 17.7 0.9 8.5 0.7 7.8 1997

 1/ Calendar year basis except for dry field peas, beginning in September of year indicated. Uses U.S. total population, July 1 except for dry field peas, which use January 1of the year following that indicated. 2/ Cleaned basis.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 34--Flour and cereal products: Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Total Corn products 4/ Wheat flour

flour and Barley Oat Hominy Flour Rice Rye Durum White and Year

cereal products products Total Starch and and 3/ flour Total flour whole

products 7/ 8/ 6/ 5/ grits meal 2/ wheat

Pounds

135.6 1.0 4.7 11.1 1.9 2.2 7.0 6.7 1.2 110.9 6.9 104.0 1970

135.1 0.8 4.7 10.4 1.9 1.8 6.7 7.6 1.1 110.5 6.8 103.7 1971

133.1 0.8 4.7 9.7 1.9 1.6 6.2 7.0 1.0 109.8 7.1 102.7 1972

136.3 0.8 4.7 9.8 2.0 1.9 5.9 6.9 1.3 112.8 7.8 105.0 1973

135.5 0.8 4.7 10.2 2.1 2.3 5.8 7.5 1.2 111.0 6.8 104.2 1974

139.1 0.9 4.4 10.8 2.1 2.7 6.0 7.6 1.0 114.5 6.8 107.7 1975

143.0 0.9 4.2 11.0 2.2 3.0 5.8 7.1 0.8 119.1 7.1 112.0 1976

140.9 0.9 4.1 12.2 2.3 3.3 6.6 7.5 0.7 115.5 7.5 108.0 1977

138.9 1.0 4.0 12.4 2.5 3.1 6.8 5.6 0.7 115.2 6.7 108.5 1978

144.1 1.0 3.9 12.8 2.7 3.0 7.1 9.4 0.7 116.4 7.3 109.1 1979

144.7 1.0 3.9 12.9 2.7 2.8 7.4 9.4 0.7 116.9 6.6 110.3 1980

145.6 1.0 3.8 13.3 2.9 2.7 7.7 10.9 0.7 115.8 6.1 109.7 1981147.9 1.0 3.9 13.8 2.9 2.9 8.0 11.8 0.6 116.9 6.1 110.8 1982147.6 1.0 3.8 14.7 3.3 3.0 8.4 9.8 0.7 117.7 6.4 111.3 1983

149.1 1.0 3.7 16.0 3.5 3.1 9.4 8.6 0.7 119.1 7.1 112.0 1984

156.6 1.0 4.0 17.2 3.7 3.2 10.3 9.1 0.7 124.6 8.1 116.5 1985162.3 1.0 4.0 19.4 4.1 3.3 12.0 11.7 0.6 125.6 8.9 116.7 1986171.3 0.9 4.4 21.7 4.3 3.4 14.0 13.8 0.6 129.8 10.6 119.2 1987

175.5 0.9 6.4 21.7 4.1 3.3 14.3 14.3 0.6 131.7 9.2 122.5 1988174.5 0.8 6.4 21.8 4.1 3.1 14.6 15.2 0.6 129.6 9.3 120.3 1989182.0 0.8 6.5 21.9 4.0 3.0 14.9 16.2 0.6 136.0 11.3 124.7 1990

183.6 0.7 6.5 22.0 4.0 2.8 15.2 16.8 0.6 136.9 11.3 125.6 1991

186.2 0.7 6.5 22.1 4.0 2.6 15.5 17.5 0.6 138.8 12.8 126.0 1992

191.0 0.7 6.5 22.3 4.0 2.6 15.7 17.6 0.6 143.3 13.1 130.2 1993 

194.0 0.7 6.5 22.5 4.1 2.6 15.8 19.2 0.6 144.5 14.0 130.5 1994 

192.5 0.7 6.5 22.7 4.1 2.6 16.0 20.1 0.6 141.8 12.9 128.9 1995 

198.4 0.7 6.6 22.9 4.1 2.6 16.2 18.9 0.6 148.8 13.7 135.1 1996

200.1 0.7 6.5 23.1 4.1 2.6 16.4 19.5 0.6 149.7 12.5 137.2 1997

 1/ Consumption of most items at the processing level. Excludes quantities used in alcoholic beverages and fuel. 2/ Semolina and durum flour in products such as macaroni, spaghetti,and noodles. Includes blended semolina since 1984. 3/ Milled basis. Rice consumption for marketing year beginning August prior to year indicated. 4/ Based on Census of Manufactures. See table 36 for data on corn sugar and corn syrup. 5/ Includes rolled oats, ready-to-eat oat cereals, oat flour, and oat bran. 6/ Includes barley flour, pearl barley, and malt and malt extract used in food processing. 7/ Computed from unrounded data. 8/ Excludes wheat not ground into flour.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 35--Breakfast cereals: Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Year Ready-to-eat Ready-to-cook Tot

Pounds

1970 8.6 1.7 10

1971 8.6 1.9 101972 8.6 2.0 101973 8.7 2.2 101974 8.9 2.4 11975 9.0 2.6 11976 9.2 2.8 121977 9.4 2.9 121978 9.5 2.7 121979 9.6 2.5 121980 9.7 2.3 121981 9.8 2.2 121982 9.9 2.0 11983 10.1 2.1 121984 10.3 2.2 121985 10.5 2.3 121986 10.7 2.4 131987 10.7 2.6 131988 11.2 3.0 141989 11.8 3.2 141990 12.6 2.9 151991 13.4 2.7 161992 13.9 2.6 161993 14.6 2.7 171994 14.8 2.6 171995 14.6 2.5 171996 14.3 2.5 161997 14.3 2.6 16

 1/ Based on Census of Manufactures. Estimates interpolated between noncensus years. 2/ Computed from unrounded data.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 36--Caloric and low-calorie sweeteners (dry weight): Per capita consumption, 1970-97

Low-calorie sweeteners 4/ Caloric sweeteners

Total Total Cane and beet U.S.

sweeteners Total Aspar- Sac- caloric Edible Corn sweeteners sugar deliveries 1/ total Year

2/ 2/ tame charin sweeteners Honey syrups Refined Raw population,

2/ 3/ Total 2/ Dextrose Glucose HFCS value value July 1

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Millions

128.1 5.8 0 5.8 122.3 1.0 0.5 19.1 4.6 13.9 0.5 101.8 108.9 205.052 1970

128.5 5.1 0 5.1 123.4 0.9 0.5 19.9 4.6 14.4 0.8 102.1 109.3 207.661 1971

130.1 5.1 0 5.1 125.0 1.0 0.5 21.2 4.6 15.4 1.2 102.3 109.5 209.896 1972

130.7 5.1 0 5.1 125.6 0.9 0.5 23.4 4.6 16.7 2.1 100.8 107.9 211.909 1973

127.8 5.9 0 5.9 121.9 0.7 0.4 25.1 4.5 17.8 2.8 95.7 102.4 213.854 1974

124.1 6.1 0 6.1 118.0 1.0 0.4 27.4 4.4 18.1 4.9 89.2 95.4 215.973 1975

130.0 6.1 0 6.1 123.9 0.9 0.4 29.2 4.1 17.9 7.2 93.4 99.9 218.035 1976

133.3 6.6 0 6.6 126.6 0.9 0.4 31.1 3.9 17.7 9.6 94.2 100.8 220.239 1977

131.6 6.9 0 6.9 124.6 1.1 0.4 31.7 3.7 17.3 10.8 91.4 97.8 222.585 1978

133.0 7.3 0 7.3 125.7 1.0 0.4 34.9 3.5 16.6 14.8 89.3 95.6 225.055 1979

130.8 7.7 0 7.7 123.0 0.8 0.4 38.2 3.5 15.7 19.0 83.6 89.5 227.726 1980

130.4 8.2 0.2 8.0 122.2 0.8 0.4 41.6 3.4 15.3 22.8 79.4 85.0 229.966 1981

129.8 9.5 1.0 8.4 120.4 0.9 0.4 45.4 3.4 15.4 26.6 73.7 78.8 232.188 1982

134.9 13.0 3.5 9.5 121.9 1.0 0.4 50.3 3.4 15.7 31.2 70.3 75.2 234.307 1983

140.4 15.8 5.8 10.0 124.6 0.9 0.4 56.6 3.5 15.9 37.2 66.7 71.3 236.348 1984

146.9 18.1 12.1 6.0 128.8 0.9 0.4 64.8 3.5 16.1 45.2 62.7 67.1 238.466 1985

145.5 18.5 13.0 5.5 127.0 1.0 0.4 65.5 3.6 16.2 45.7 60.0 64.3 240.651 1986

150.7 19.1 13.6 5.5 131.6 1.1 0.4 67.7 3.6 16.4 47.7 62.4 66.7 242.804 1987

152.7 20.0 14.0 6.0 132.7 0.9 0.4 69.3 3.7 16.6 49.0 62.1 66.4 245.021 1988

153.4 20.3 14.2 6.1 133.1 1.0 0.4 69.0 3.8 17.1 48.2 62.8 67.1 247.342 1989

159.2 22.2 15.5 6.7 137.0 1.0 0.4 71.1 3.8 17.7 49.6 64.4 68.9 249.949 1990

162.2 24.3 17.0 7.3 137.9 1.0 0.4 72.8 3.9 18.5 50.5 63.8 68.3 252.636 1991

NA NA NA NA 141.2 1.0 0.4 75.2 3.9 19.3 52.1 64.6 69.1 255.382 1992

NA NA NA NA 144.4 1.0 0.4 78.7 3.9 19.9 54.9 64.4 68.9 258.089 1993

NA NA NA NA 147.4 1.0 0.4 81.0 4.0 20.3 56.8 65.0 69.5 260.602 1994 

NA NA NA NA 149.9 1.0 0.4 83.0 4.1 20.6 58.4 65.5 70.1 263.039 1995

NA NA NA NA 150.7 1.0 0.4 82.8 4.1 19.3 59.4 66.6 71.2 265.453 1996

NA NA NA NA 154.1 1.0 0.4 86.2 3.8 19.9 62.4 66.5 71.2 267.901 1997

 NA = Not available. 1/ Sugar consumption is total U.S. sugar (cane and beet) deliveries for food and beverages; does not include sugar imported in blends and mixtures. 2/ Computed from unrounded data. 3/ Contains estimates of sorgo, maple and sugarcane syrup, edible molasses, and edible refiner's syrup. 4/ Sugar-sweetness equivalent. Assumes saccharin is 300 times sweeter than sugar, and aspartame is 200 times sweeter than sugar.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 37--Candy and other confectionery products: Sales, value, and supply and utilization, with quantity, per capita consumption, and value of sugar use, 1970-97

Sugar use in Supply and utilization Manufacturers 1/

Confectionery products 5/ Domestic Net Total U.S.

Quantity disappearance 4/ change in Exports supply Imports Ship- Average total Year

Unit Total Per Per invisible 2/ and 2/ ments value Sales population,

value value capita Total capita Total stocks 3/ utilization July 1

Cents per 1,000 short Cents per

pound Mil. dols. Pounds tons Pounds ----------------------------------------- Million pounds ----------------------------------------- pounds Mil. dols. Millions

10.7 233 10.6 1,086 19.9 4,085 45 15 4,145 125 4,020 48.5 1,950 205.052 1970

11.6 257 10.7 1,108 19.5 4,054 -2 19 4,071 121 3,950 51.0 2,014 207.661 1971

11.2 246 10.5 1,101 19.1 4,007 -12 26 4,021 136 3,885 52.1 2,024 209.896 1972

12.4 278 10.6 1,120 18.6 3,931 63 34 4,028 139 3,889 56.2 2,186 211.909 1973

26.9 589 10.2 1,093 17.8 3,809 45 39 3,893 153 3,740 75.9 2,839 213.854 1974

26.6 487 8.5 916 17.1 3,692 -156 34 3,570 132 3,438 84.3 2,898 215.973 1975

19.5 389 9.2 1,000 16.9 3,675 -13 41 3,703 152 3,551 84.0 2,983 218.035 1976

13.6 263 8.8 967 16.8 3,704 72 44 3,820 120 3,700 99.3 3,675 220.239 1977

13.9 271 8.7 972 16.6 3,703 -31 50 3,722 134 3,588 107.2 3,847 222.585 1978

19.1 365 8.5 956 16.4 3,683 57 51 3,791 118 3,673 116.6 4,281 225.055 1979

26.3 523 8.7 994 16.1 3,668 -105 45 3,608 120 3,488 134.3 4,684 227.726 1980

33.7 686 8.8 1,017 16.3 3,751 -54 56 3,753 123 3,630 142.5 5,171 229.966 1981

26.9 545 8.7 1,013 16.9 3,931 -45 51 3,937 139 3,798 148.8 5,650 232.188 1982

26.9 564 8.9 1,048 17.8 4,172 15 48 4,235 171 4,064 147.2 5,983 234.307 1983

26.2 564 9.1 1,077 18.5 4,376 82 52 4,510 245 4,265 155.0 6,610 236.348 1984

27.6 596 9.0 1,079 18.8 4,477 92 54 4,623 297 4,326 163.9 7,092 238.466 1985

25.3 551 9.1 1,091 18.7 4,500 -52 55 4,503 302 4,201 173.3 7,280 240.651 1986

25.0 596 9.8 1,190 18.8 4,572 -119 64 4,517 286 4,231 181.5 7,678 242.804 1987

23.9 573 9.8 1,201 19.4 4,742 -6 97 4,833 263 4,570 181.1 8,278 245.021 1988

27.2 669 10.0 1,232 19.9 4,929 122 101 5,152 300 4,852 178.9 8,682 247.342 1989

26.3 652 9.9 1,241 20.3 5,068 -65 143 5,146 306 4,840 186.0 9,004 249.949 1990

26.9 667 9.8 1,239 20.7 5,231 -83 152 5,300 311 4,989 194.6 9,710 252.636 1991

28.0 702 9.8 1,254 21.3 5,443 95 226 5,764 377 5,387 193.6 10,428 255.382 1992

25.8 706 10.6 1,368 21.8 5,620 -19 334 5,935 363 5,572 191.5 10,670 258.089 1993 

25.4 691 10.4 1,358 22.5 5,855 -32 322 6,145 395 5,750 188.5 10,837 260.602 1994 

26.1 747 10.9 1,431 23.4 6,154 100 247 6,500 435 6,065 190.2 11,535 263.039 1995

26.0 759 11.0 1,462 24.4 6,479 108 230 6,817 452 6,365 191.8 12,211 265.453 1996

29.9 842 10.5 1,410 24.8 6,632 51 260 6,943 492 6,451 204.1 13,166 267.901 1997

 P = Preliminary. 1/ Data on U.S. confectionery shipments, including chocolate and cocoa products, in "Confectionery Shipments, Sales, Average Value, and Per Capita Consumption," Confectionery Manufacturers' (Annual) Sales and Distribution (Surveys) 1967-88, U.S. Department of Commerce. Comparable data for 1989-95 from U.S. Department of Commerce News, "MA20D Confectionery," published annually around mid-August of the following year. 2/ Data from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division. 3/ Calculated as a residual. Negatives indicate increases in stock level during year; positives signify net withdrawals. 4/ Domestic disappearance for food use. 5/ Quantity estimated by the Economic Research Service, based on data from Crops Branch and Estimates Division, NASS, USDA. Comparable estimates beginning October 1991, based on data from Sweetener Analysis Division, ASCS, USDA.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service and U.S. Department of Commerce.
Table 38--Coffee, tea, and cocoa: Per capita consumption, 1970-97

Cocoa Total 2/ Regular Instant 1/ U.S.

Chocolate Tea, Green Green Green total

liquor Bean dry leaf Retail bean Retail bean Retail bean population, Year

equivalent 3/ equivalent equivalent weight equivalent weight equivalent weight equivalent July 1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions

3.1 3.9 0.73 10.4 13.6 9.7 11.6 0.68 2.0 205.052 1970

3.1 3.9 0.77 9.9 13.1 9.1 10.9 0.74 2.2 207.661 19713.5 4.3 0.78 10.3 13.7 9.5 11.3 0.77 2.3 209.896 1972

3.3 4.1 0.79 10.0 13.5 9.2 10.9 0.85 2.6 211.909 1973

2.9 3.7 0.79 9.6 12.8 8.6 10.2 1.02 2.6 213.854 19742.6 3.2 0.80 9.2 12.2 8.3 9.8 0.92 2.3 215.973 19753.0 3.7 0.82 9.4 12.5 8.4 10.0 1.00 2.5 218.035 19762.6 3.3 0.80 7.0 9.4 6.1 7.3 0.82 2.1 220.239 1977

2.7 3.3 0.77 7.9 10.5 7.1 8.4 0.84 2.1 222.585 19782.7 3.3 0.74 8.6 11.3 7.7 9.2 0.86 2.2 225.055 19792.7 3.4 0.78 7.7 10.3 6.8 8.1 0.86 2.2 227.726 19802.9 3.6 0.77 7.5 10.0 6.6 7.9 0.84 2.1 229.966 19813.0 3.7 0.74 7.4 9.9 6.5 7.7 0.87 2.2 232.188 1982

3.2 4.0 0.74 7.5 10.1 6.6 7.8 0.88 2.2 234.307 19833.4 4.3 0.76 7.6 10.2 6.7 8.0 0.90 2.3 236.348 19843.7 4.6 0.75 7.8 10.5 6.9 8.2 0.92 2.3 238.466 19853.8 4.8 0.76 7.8 10.5 6.9 8.2 0.92 2.3 240.651 19863.8 4.8 0.74 7.6 10.2 6.7 8.0 0.90 2.2 242.804 19873.8 4.8 0.74 7.3 9.8 6.5 7.7 0.84 2.1 245.021 1988

4.0 4.9 0.73 7.5 10.1 6.7 8.0 0.85 2.1 247.342 19894.3 5.4 0.73 7.7 10.3 6.9 8.2 0.85 2.1 249.949 19904.6 5.7 0.79 7.8 10.3 7.0 8.3 0.83 2.1 252.636 19914.6 5.7 0.86 7.6 10.0 6.8 8.1 0.78 2.0 255.382 19924.3 5.4 0.89 6.9 9.1 6.2 7.4 0.69 1.7 258.089 1993

3.9 4.8 0.88 6.2 8.2 5.6 6.7 0.61 1.5 260.602 1994 

3.6 4.6 0.86 6.1 8.0 5.5 6.5 0.57 1.4 263.039 1995

4.2 5.3 0.83 6.7 8.9 6.1 7.2 0.62 1.5 265.453 1996

4.1 5.1 0.79 7.0 9.3 6.4 7.6 0.63 1.6 267.901 1997

 1/ Quantity processed for soluble use minus net exports. 2/ Computed from unrounded data. 3/ Chocolate liquor is what remains after cocoa beans have been roasted and dehulled; it is sometimes called ground or bitter chocolate.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 39--Beverages: Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Milk Carbonated soft drinks Selected Fruit drinks Canned

Year Other Total Tea Coffee Bottled fruit cocktails, iced Vegetable

Whole 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/ water Diet Regular Total juices and ades 6 tea juices

Gallons

1970 25.5 5.8 31.3 6.8 33.4 NA 2.1 22.2 24.3 5.7 NA NA NA 

1971 25.0 6.3 31.3 7.2 32.2 NA 2.2 23.3 25.5 6.2 NA NA NA 

1972 24.1 6.9 31.0 7.3 33.6 NA 2.3 23.9 26.2 6.1 NA NA NA 

1973 23.0 7.5 30.5 7.4 33.3 NA 2.7 25.0 27.6 6.0 NA NA NA 

1974 21.7 7.7 29.5 7.5 33.2 NA 2.9 24.7 27.6 6.6 NA NA NA 

1975 21.1 8.4 29.5 7.5 31.4 NA 3.2 25.0 28.2 6.9 NA NA NA 

1976 20.4 9.0 29.3 7.7 32.5 1.2 3.8 27.0 30.8 7.0 NA NA NA 

1977 19.5 9.5 29.0 7.5 24.5 1.3 4.3 28.7 33.0 6.5 NA NA NA 

1978 18.7 9.8 28.6 7.2 27.3 1.9 4.6 29.5 34.2 6.8 NA NA NA 

1979 18.0 10.2 28.2 6.9 29.3 2.2 4.9 29.8 34.7 7.2 NA NA NA 

1980 17.0 10.5 27.6 7.3 26.7 2.4 5.1 29.9 35.1 7.4 NA NA NA 

1981 16.3 10.8 27.1 7.2 26.0 2.7 5.3 30.0 35.4 6.7 NA NA NA 

1982 15.5 10.9 26.4 6.9 25.9 3.0 5.5 29.8 35.3 8.4 NA NA NA 

1983 15.2 11.1 26.3 7.0 26.3 3.4 6.0 29.3 35.2 7.3 NA NA NA 

1984 14.8 11.6 26.4 7.1 26.8 4.0 6.6 29.3 35.9 7.7 NA NA NA 

1985 14.3 12.3 26.7 7.1 27.4 4.5 7.1 28.7 35.7 7.8 NA NA NA 

1986 13.5 13.0 26.5 7.1 27.5 5.0 7.6 28.2 35.8 8.3 NA NA NA 

1987 13.0 13.3 26.3 6.9 26.7 5.7 9.4 32.4 41.9 7.9 5.4 0.1 0.2

1988 12.3 13.5 25.8 7.0 25.6 6.5 10.1 34.5 44.7 8.2 5.7 0.1 0.3

1989 11.3 14.7 26.0 6.9 26.2 7.4 10.7 34.7 45.4 7.4 5.9 0.1 0.3

1990 10.5 15.2 25.7 6.9 26.9 8.0 10.7 35.6 46.3 7.9 6.3 0.1 0.3

1991 10.2 15.5 25.6 7.4 26.8 8.0 11.7 36.3 47.9 7.4 6.9 0.2 0.3

1992 9.8 15.6 25.3 8.1 25.9 8.2 11.6 36.9 48.5 8.6 6.5 0.2 0.3

1993 9.3 15.4 24.8 8.4 23.5 9.4 11.7 38.4 50.1 8.5 7.0 0.4 0.3

1994 9.2 15.6 24.8 8.2 21.1 10.7 11.8 39.6 51.3 8.8 7.4 0.6 0.3

1995 8.8 15.6 24.3 8.0 20.5 11.6 11.8 39.8 51.6 8.7 7.8 0.7 0.3

1996 8.7 15.7 24.4 7.8 22.5 12.5 11.7 40.3 52.0 8.9 8.0 0.7 0.3

1997 8.5 15.5 24.0 7.4 23.5 13.1 11.6 41.4 53.0 9.2 8.3 0.8 0.3

Alcoholic beverages

Total resident population Resident population, 21 years and over Resident population, 18 years and over

Wine Distilled Total Wine Distilled Total Wine Distilled Total

Beer 7/ spirits 3/ Beer 7/ spirits 3/ Beer 7/ spirits 3/

Gallons

1970 18.5 1.3 1.8 21.6 30.6 2.2 3.0 35.7 28.1 2.0 2.8 32.8

1971 18.9 1.5 1.8 22.3 31.2 2.4 3.0 36.7 28.6 2.2 2.8 33.6

1972 19.3 1.6 1.9 22.8 31.5 2.6 3.1 37.2 28.8 2.4 2.8 34.1

1973 20.1 1.6 1.9 23.6 32.4 2.7 3.1 38.2 29.7 2.4 2.9 35.0

1974 20.9 1.6 2.0 24.5 33.6 2.6 3.1 39.3 30.7 2.4 2.9 36.0

1975 21.3 1.7 2.0 25.0 33.9 2.7 3.1 39.7 31.0 2.5 2.9 36.3

1976 21.5 1.7 2.0 25.2 33.8 2.7 3.1 39.6 30.9 2.5 2.8 36.2

1977 22.4 1.8 2.0 26.1 34.8 2.8 3.1 40.7 31.8 2.6 2.8 37.2

1978 23.0 2.0 2.0 26.9 35.4 3.0 3.1 41.4 32.4 2.8 2.8 38.0

1979 23.8 2.0 2.0 27.8 36.2 3.0 3.0 42.3 33.3 2.8 2.8 38.8

1980 24.3 2.1 2.0 28.3 36.6 3.2 3.0 42.8 33.7 2.9 2.7 39.4

1981 24.6 2.2 2.0 28.8 36.9 3.3 2.9 43.1 34.0 3.0 2.7 39.7

1982 24.4 2.2 1.9 28.5 36.3 3.3 2.8 42.3 33.5 3.0 2.6 39.1

1983 24.2 2.3 1.8 28.3 35.7 3.3 2.7 41.8 33.1 3.1 2.5 38.7

1984 24.0 2.4 1.8 28.1 35.1 3.4 2.6 41.2 32.6 3.2 2.5 38.3

1985 23.8 2.4 1.8 28.0 34.6 3.5 2.6 40.7 32.3 3.3 2.4 38.0

1986 24.1 2.4 1.6 28.2 34.9 3.5 2.4 40.8 32.6 3.3 2.2 38.2

1987 24.0 2.4 1.6 28.0 34.6 3.5 2.3 40.4 32.4 3.2 2.2 37.8

1988 23.8 2.3 1.5 27.6 34.3 3.2 2.2 39.8 32.1 3.0 2.1 37.2

1989 23.6 2.1 1.5 27.2 33.9 3.1 2.2 39.1 31.7 2.9 2.0 36.6

1990 23.9 2.0 1.5 27.5 34.7 3.0 2.2 39.9 32.5 2.8 2.0 37.3

1991 23.1 1.8 1.4 26.4 33.9 2.7 2.0 38.6 31.8 2.5 1.9 36.2

1992 22.8 1.9 1.4 26.1 33.6 2.7 2.0 38.4 31.7 2.6 1.9 36.2

1993 22.6 1.7 1.3 25.7 33.6 2.6 2.0 38.2 31.7 2.4 1.9 36.0

1994 22.5 1.8 1.3 25.6 33.8 2.6 1.9 38.3 31.8 2.5 1.8 36.2

1995 22.1 1.8 1.2 25.1 33.4 2.7 1.9 38.0 31.4 2.6 1.8 35.8

1996 22.1 1.9 1.2 25.2 33.8 2.9 1.9 38.6 31.8 2.7 1.8 36.3

1997 22.0 2.0 1.2 25.2 33.9 3.0 1.9 38.9 31.9 2.8 1.8 36.5

 NA = Not available.

 1/ Carbonated soft drink, fruit drink, canned iced tea, vegetable juice, and alcoholic beverage per capita figures are calculated by ERS using industry data. 

Milk, soft drinks, fruit drinks, canned iced tea, vegetable juices, and alcoholic beverages use U.S. resident population, July 1. Coffee, tea, and fruit juices 

use U.S. total population, July 1. 2/ Includes buttermilk. 3/ Computed from unrounded data. 4/ Converted to fluid equivalent as follows: 200 6 ounce cups 

per pound of tea, dry leaf equivalent. 5/ Includes instant and decaffeinated coffee. Converted to fluid equivalent as follows: 60 6 ounce cups per pound 

of regular roasted coffee and 187.5 6 oz. cups per pound of instant coffee. 6/ Canned, bottled, and frozen (reconstituted). 7/ Beginning in 1983, includes

wine coolers.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 40--Tree nuts and coconuts: Per capita consumption, 1970-97 1/

Tree nuts (shelled basis)

Coconuts

(dessicated) Total Other Pistachios Macadamias Walnuts Pecans Filberts Almonds Year

3/ 2/

Pounds

0.47 1.74 0.56 0.04 0.01 0.34 0.40 0.05 0.34 1970

0.52 1.89 0.56 0.05 0.02 0.40 0.44 0.06 0.36 1971

0.56 1.96 0.67 0.03 0.01 0.38 0.43 0.07 0.36 1972

0.48 1.76 0.50 0.06 0.01 0.39 0.43 0.10 0.26 1973

0.44 1.58 0.40 0.05 0.02 0.42 0.39 0.04 0.26 1974

0.44 1.94 0.57 0.03 0.02 0.50 0.39 0.08 0.35 1975

0.45 1.91 0.51 0.04 0.02 0.51 0.33 0.07 0.42 1976

0.44 1.71 0.28 0.04 0.02 0.48 0.37 0.06 0.45 1977

0.47 1.71 0.42 0.04 0.02 0.37 0.39 0.08 0.39 1978

0.40 1.74 0.38 0.04 0.03 0.42 0.46 0.04 0.37 1979

0.39 1.79 0.32 0.05 0.03 0.50 0.43 0.05 0.42 1980

0.40 1.92 0.33 0.04 0.03 0.52 0.45 0.05 0.50 1981

0.40 2.16 0.46 0.05 0.04 0.47 0.49 0.07 0.59 1982

0.42 2.25 0.52 0.07 0.04 0.52 0.48 0.05 0.58 1983

0.42 2.37 0.47 0.11 0.04 0.48 0.54 0.06 0.68 1984

0.43 2.45 0.45 0.12 0.05 0.48 0.47 0.07 0.81 1985

0.46 2.21 0.47 0.11 0.05 0.49 0.54 0.03 0.53 1986

0.58 2.20 0.41 0.09 0.05 0.46 0.54 0.06 0.59 1987

0.49 2.29 0.40 0.12 0.05 0.50 0.50 0.07 0.65 1988

0.47 2.23 0.51 0.08 0.06 0.45 0.46 0.05 0.62 1989

0.48 2.42 0.50 0.11 0.06 0.45 0.49 0.07 0.74 1990

0.46 2.16 0.44 0.08 0.05 0.45 0.46 0.06 0.61 1991

0.50 2.22 0.58 0.10 0.05 0.47 0.35 0.08 0.59 1992

0.49 2.35 0.56 0.13 0.05 0.38 0.53 0.10 0.61 1993 

0.51 2.28 0.50 0.14 0.06 0.45 0.49 0.07 0.58 1994

0.47 1.94 0.43 0.12 0.06 0.39 0.39 0.09 0.48 1995

0.49 1.97 0.53 0.06 0.06 0.31 0.50 0.02 0.49 1996

0.49 2.19 0.54 0.13 0.04 0.45 0.45 0.07 0.51 1997

 1/ Calendar year for coconuts; crop year beginning August 1 for walnuts; September 1 for pistachios, and July 1 for all others. Uses U.S. total population July 1 for coconuts; January 1of the year following that indicated for all other items. 2/ Includes Brazil nuts, pignolias, chestnuts, cashews, and miscellaneous tree nuts. 3/ Computed from unrounded data.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 41--Peanuts (kernel basis): Per capita consumption, 1970-97

Consumed in products Peanuts U.S. total

Cleaned population Crop

Total Other Candy Peanut in Snack January 1 year

5/ 4/ butter shell of following 1/

3/ 2/ year

------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions

5.5 0.1 1.2 2.7 0.4 1.1 206.466 1970

5.5 0.1 1.2 2.8 0.3 1.1 208.917 1971

5.7 0.1 1.2 2.8 0.4 1.2 210.985 1972

6.0 0.1 1.2 3.2 0.3 1.3 212.932 1973

5.8 0.1 1.0 3.1 0.4 1.3 214.931 1974

6.0 0.1 1.1 3.1 0.4 1.4 217.095 1975

5.6 0.1 1.0 2.9 0.5 1.1 219.179 1976

5.7 0.1 1.0 2.9 0.4 1.2 221.477 1977

5.9 0.1 1.2 3.0 0.4 1.3 223.865 1978

5.9 0.1 1.1 3.1 0.5 1.2 226.451 1979

4.8 0.1 1.0 2.6 0.3 0.9 228.937 1980

5.5 0.1 1.1 2.8 0.4 1.2 231.157 1981

6.0 0.1 1.2 2.9 0.5 1.3 233.322 1982

5.9 0.1 1.3 2.9 0.4 1.3 235.385 1983

6.1 0.1 1.2 3.0 0.4 1.3 237.468 1984

6.3 0.1 1.3 3.0 0.5 1.5 239.638 1985

6.4 0.2 1.3 2.9 0.4 1.6 241.784 1986

6.4 0.2 1.3 3.0 0.3 1.5 243.981 1987

6.9 0.1 1.3 3.5 0.4 1.5 246.224 1988

7.0 0.1 1.3 3.6 0.3 1.6 248.659 1989

6.0 0.2 1.2 2.9 0.3 1.4 251.370 1990

6.5 0.1 1.3 3.5 0.3 1.4 254.024 1991

6.2 0.1 1.3 3.1 0.4 1.4 256.836 1992

6.0 0.1 1.4 2.8 0.4 1.3 259.417 1993 

5.8 0.1 1.3 2.7 0.5 1.1 261.865 1994 

5.7 0.1 1.3 2.7 0.5 1.0 264.281 1995 

5.7 0.1 1.3 2.7 0.5 1.1 266.753 1996 

5.8 0.1 1.3 2.8 0.5 1.1 269.182 1997

 1/ Beginning August of year indicated. 2/ Domestic disappearance of roasting stock; shelled equivalent. 3/ Includes peanut butter made by manufacturers for use in cookies and sandwiches but excludes peanut butter used in candy. 4/ Includes grated and granulated peanuts and peanut flour. 5/ Computed from unrounded data.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 42--U.S. food supply: Nutrients and other food components, per capita per day, 1970-94 1/

Fat Vitamins

Food Carbo- Satu- Monoun- Polyun- CholesYear energy hydrate Protein Total rated saturated saturated terol Vitamin Caro- Vitamin Vitamin Thiafat Fat fat fat A tenes E C min

Kilo- Micrograms Milligrams

calories --------------------------------------- Grams --------------------------------------- Milligrams Retinol equivalents Alpha-TE ----- Milligrams -----

1970 3,300 386 95 154 54 63 26 470 1,500 510 13.7 107 2.0

1971 3,300 387 96 154 55 63 26 470 1,510 520 13.5 108 2.0

1972 3,300 386 95 155 54 63 27 460 1,530 550 13.9 108 2.0

1973 3,200 390 94 150 52 61 27 440 1,520 580 14.4 106 2.0

1974 3,200 383 94 151 52 62 27 440 1,560 600 14.2 108 2.1

1975 3,200 385 93 146 50 59 27 430 1,550 620 14.4 112 2.2

1976 3,300 399 97 152 51 60 29 430 1,580 620 14.7 113 2.3

1977 3,300 398 96 149 51 59 28 430 1,530 580 14.2 112 2.3

1978 3,200 392 95 150 51 59 29 430 1,510 580 14.5 108 2.2

1979 3,300 400 96 151 51 60 30 430 1,530 610 14.6 109 2.3

1980 3,300 406 96 153 52 60 30 430 1,520 600 14.6 112 2.3

1981 3,300 394 96 153 51 61 30 430 1,510 600 14.7 109 2.3

1982 3,300 396 96 152 51 60 30 420 1,510 620 15.0 110 2.3

1983 3,300 400 97 157 53 62 31 430 1,500 600 15.4 115 2.3

1984 3,400 404 98 155 53 62 29 430 1,530 640 14.9 112 2.3

1985 3,500 420 101 163 55 65 32 430 1,520 630 16.2 114 2.4

1986 3,500 425 102 162 54 65 32 420 1,500 610 16.3 118 2.4

1987 3,500 436 103 160 53 64 32 420 1,530 640 16.4 115 2.5

1988 3,600 443 105 161 53 64 33 420 1,470 610 16.9 116 2.5

1989 3,500 445 104 156 51 63 32 410 1,500 640 16.5 115 2.6

1990 3,600 458 105 156 51 63 32 400 1,530 670 16.8 111 2.6

1991 3,600 464 107 155 50 63 32 400 1,500 640 17.0 115 2.6

1992 3,700 473 108 158 52 64 32 410 1,540 670 17.1 117 2.7

1993 3,700 482 108 161 52 66 32 410 1,530 670 17.6 122 2.7

1994 3,800 491 110 159 52 65 31 410 1,520 660 16.9 124 2.7

Vitamins--continued Minerals

Riboflavin Niacin Vitamin Folate Vitamin Calcium Phos- Mag- Iron Zinc Copper Potassium

B6 B12 phorus nesium

------------ Milligrams ------------ --- Micrograms --- ------------------------------------------------ Milligrams ------------------------------------------------

1970 2.3 22 2.0 279 9.5 890 1,460 320 15.4 12.2 1.6 3,510

1971 2.3 22 2.0 280 9.5 890 1,470 320 15.6 12.3 1.6 3,500

1972 2.3 22 2.0 279 9.4 890 1,470 330 15.6 12.2 1.6 3,490

1973 2.3 22 1.9 284 8.9 880 1,440 330 15.8 11.8 1.6 3,460

1974 2.3 23 2.0 276 9.2 850 1,430 320 18.1 12.0 1.6 3,410

1975 2.3 24 1.9 298 8.8 840 1,430 320 19.8 11.8 1.7 3,440

1976 2.5 26 2.0 303 9.1 890 1,480 330 23.8 12.3 1.7 3,530

1977 2.4 25 2.0 302 9.0 880 1,470 320 23.3 12.2 1.7 3,460

1978 2.4 25 1.9 291 8.7 880 1,460 320 23.0 12.0 1.6 3,410

1979 2.4 25 2.0 299 8.5 890 1,480 330 16.1 11.9 1.7 3,480

1980 2.4 25 2.0 292 8.4 870 1,460 320 16.0 11.8 1.7 3,440

1981 2.4 26 2.0 292 8.5 860 1,460 320 16.2 11.9 1.7 3,400

1982 2.4 25 2.0 298 8.2 870 1,460 330 16.4 11.9 1.7 3,430

1983 2.4 26 2.0 301 8.4 890 1,490 330 17.4 12.1 1.7 3,490

1984 2.5 26 2.0 295 8.5 900 1,500 330 18.4 12.1 1.7 3,500

1985 2.5 27 2.1 310 8.5 920 1,540 350 19.1 12.5 1.8 3,590

1986 2.5 27 2.1 313 8.4 930 1,570 350 19.2 12.6 1.8 3,650

1987 2.5 27 2.1 304 8.5 930 1,580 350 19.3 12.5 1.8 3,590

1988 2.5 28 2.1 316 8.3 930 1,600 360 19.8 12.7 1.8 3,630

1989 2.5 28 2.2 308 8.2 920 1,600 360 19.8 12.6 1.8 3,630

1990 2.6 28 2.2 311 8.2 940 1,620 370 20.2 12.7 1.8 3,650

1991 2.5 28 2.2 321 8.2 940 1,630 380 20.5 12.8 1.9 3,690

1992 2.6 29 2.3 326 8.3 950 1,660 380 20.8 13.0 1.9 3,750

1993 2.6 29 2.3 329 8.0 950 1,650 380 20.9 13.0 1.9 3,750

1994 2.6 29 2.3 331 8.1 960 1,680 380 21.2 13.2 1.9 3,780

 1/ Data are based on ERS estimates of per capita quantities of food available for consumption from "Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-94,"

(SB-928, ERS, USDA, April 1996), on imputed consumption data for foods no longer reported by ERS, and on estimates from USDA's Center for Nutrition Policy and

Promotion (CNPP) of quantities of produce from home gardens. Historical data for this table are available from CNPP's Shirley Gerrior, (202) 606-4839, or Lisa

Bente, (202) 208-2447.

Source: USDA/Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP).
Table 43--U.S. food supply: Nutrients contributed from major food groups, per capita per day, 1970 and 1994 1/

Food Fat

energy Carbohydrates Protein Total Saturated Monunsaturated Polyunsatu

Food group Kilo-

%

%

%

%

%

%

calories of total Grams of total Grams of total Grams of total Grams of total Grams of total Grams o

Meat, poultry, and fish 

 1970 650 19.8 * 0.1 38 40.3 53 34.6 20 37.2 17 37.4 5 2 1994 540 14.3 * 0.1 43 39.3 39 24.5 14 26.4 24 25.7 5 Dairy products 2/ 

 1970 350 10.6 25 6.4 20 21.2 19 12.6 12 22.3 6 8.8 1 

 1994 350 9.3 23 4.7 21 19.3 20 12.3 12 23.6 6 8.6 1 Eggs

 1970 60 2.0 1 0.1 5 5.7 4 2.8 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 

 1994 50 1.3 * 0.1 4 3.8 3 2.1 1 2.0 2 2.0 1 Fats and oils 3/

 1970 580 17.8 * ** * 0.1 66 42.7 18 32.7 37 45.0 17 6 1994 740 19.5 * ** * 0.1 83 52.2 21 40.9 29 56.3 22 6Fruits

 1970 100 2.9 24 6.1 1 1.2 1 0.4 * 0.2 * 0.3 *  1994 130 3.4 31 6.4 1 1.3 1 0.5 * 0.3 * 0.4 *  Citrus fruits

 1970 30 0.9 7 1.8 1 0.5 * 0.1 * ** * ** *  1994 40 1.0 9 1.9 1 0.6 * 0.1 * ** * ** *  Noncitrus fruits

 1970 70 2.1 17 4.3 1 0.7 1 0.3 * 0.2 * 0.3 *  1994 90 2.4 22 4.5 1 0.8 1 0.4 * 0.3 * 0.4 * Legumes, soy, and nuts

 1970 100 2.9 9 2.2 5 5.4 5 3.4 1 1.9 3 3.7 2 

 1994 110 2.9 10 2.0 7 6.0 6 3.6 1 2.1 2 4.1 2 Vegetables 4/

 1970 170 5.2 39 10.1 5 5.8 1 0.5 * 0.2 * 0.1 * 

 1994 180 4.7 40 8.2 5 5.3 1 0.5 * 0.3 * 0.1 *  White potatoes

 1970 90 2.8 21 5.4 2 2.5 * 0.1 * 0.1 * 0.0 *  1994 100 2.6 22 4.5 3 2.3 * 0.1 * 0.1 * 0.0 *  Dark green, deep yellow

 1970 10 0.4 3 0.8 * 0.4 * * * ** * * *  1994 10 0.4 3 0.6 * 0.4 * 0.1 * ** * * *  Other vegetables

 1970 70 2.1 15 3.9 3 3.0 1 0.3 * 0.2 * 0.1 *  1994 70 1.8 15 3.1 3 2.6 1 0.3 * 0.2 * 0.1 * Grain products 1970 640 19.6 134 34.7 18 19.1 2 1.5 * 0.7 1 0.5 1 

 1994 950 25.1 199 40.5 26 23.7 4 2.2 1 1.1 * 1.0 1 Sugars and sweeteners

 1970 590 18.1 152 39.4 * * 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0  1994 690 18.3 184 37.3 * * 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Miscellaneous 5/

 1970 40 0.9 4 0.9 1 1.2 3 1.7 1 2.5 1 1.5 *  1994 50 1.2 4 0.9 1 1.2 4 2.3 2 3.4 1 1.9 * 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Table 43--U.S. food supply: Nutrients contributed from major food groups, per capita per day, 1970 and 1994 1/--continued

Vitamins

Vitamin A Carotene Vitamin E Vitamin C Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Vitamin B6 

Food group Retinol

% Retinol

% Alpha

% Milli-

% Milli-

% Milli-

% Milli-

% Milli-

% 

equiv. of total equiv of total TE of total grams of total grams of total grams of total grams of total grams of tot

Meat, poultry, and fish 

 1970 440 29.3 0 0.0 0.9 6.3 3 2.4 0.5 25.2 0.5 21.8 9.7 44.5 0.8 38.9 

 1994 325 21.4 0 0.0 0.8 4.8 3 2.0 0.5 18.7 0.5 18.1 11.1 38.2 0.8 36.4 Dairy products 2/ 

 1970 256 17.0 16 3.2 0.5 3.8 4 4.0 0.2 9.6 0.8 36.4 0.5 2.1 0.2 11.7 

 1994 264 17.4 15 2.3 0.5 2.8 3 2.7 0.2 6.2 0.8 30.7 0.4 1.4 0.2 9.7 Eggs

 1970 83 5.5 0 0.0 0.5 3.3 0 0.0 ** 1.4 0.2 9.6 ** 0.2 0.1 3.0  1994 64 4.2 0 0.0 0.4 2.1 0 0.0 ** 0.8 0.2 6.5 ** 0.1 0.1 2.0 Fats and oils 3/

 1970 196 13.0 18 3.5 8.7 63.6 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1   **  ** 

 1994 178 11.7 16 2.4 11.5 67.8 * 0.0 0.0 0.0 ** 0.1   **  ** Fruits

 1970 46 3.1 46 9.1 0.5 4.0 42 39.2 ** 4.7 ** 2.6 0.6 2.7 0.1 9.1 

 1994 51 3.3 51 7.6 0.7 3.8 54 43.5 0.1 4.7 0.1 3.0 0.7 2.4 0.2 11.0  Citrus fruits 1970 8 0.5 8 1.6 0.1 0.9 27 24.9 ** 2.5 ** 0.7 0.2 0.7 ** 1.6 

 1994 9 0.6 9 1.3 0.2 1.0 34 27.8 0.1 2.3 ** 0.7 0.2 0.6 ** 1.8  Noncitrus fruits

 1970 38 2.6 38 7.6 0.4 3.1 15 14.3 ** 2.2 ** 1.9 0.4 2.0 0.1 7.4 

 1994 42 2.8 42 6.3 0.5 2.8 20 15.8 0.1 2.1 0.1 2.3 0.5 1.7 0.2 9.2 Legumes, soy, and nuts

 1970 * ** * 0.1 0.8 5.9 * 0.1 0.1 5.4 ** 1.5 1.0 4.8 0.1 3.4 

 1994 1 ** * 0.1 0.9 5.5 * 0.1 0.1 4.7 ** 1.7 1.2 4.0 0.1 3.8 Vegetables 4/

 1970 406 27.0 406 80.1 1.1 8.1 53 49.9 0.2 12.6 0.1 6.4 3.0 13.6 0.5 23.4 

 1994 536 35.3 536 80.7 1.2 7.3 59 47.2 0.2 10.0 0.1 6.1 3.2 11.1 0.6 22.5  White potatoes

 1970 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.1 0.5 19 18.2 0.1 5.7 ** 1.4 1.6 7.4 0.3 12.9  1994 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.1 1.1 20 15.8 0.1 4.9 ** 1.3 1.7 6.0 0.3 11.8  Dark green, deep yellow

 1970 305 20.3 305 60.2 0.1 1.1 7 6.4 ** 0.9 ** 1.0 0.2 0.8 ** 2.2 

 1994 431 28.4 431 64.9 0.2 0.4 12 9.4 ** 0.8 ** 0.9 0.2 0.7 0.1 2.4  Other vegetables

 1970 101 6.7 101 19.8 0.9 6.5 27 25.4 0.1 6.0 0.1 4.1 1.2 5.5 0.2 8.4 

 1994 105 6.9 105 15.8 0.9 5.7 27 22.0 0.1 4.3 0.1 3.9 1.3 4.4 0.2 8.4 Grain products

 1970 5 0.3 4 0.8 0.6 4.5 * ** 0.8 40.4 0.4 19.3 6.0 27.8 0.2 9.3 

 1994 10 0.7 9 1.4 0.9 5.1 * ** 1.5 54.5 0.8 31.0 11.7 40.2 0.3 12.8 Sugars and sweeteners

 1970 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * ** ** 0.2 ** 1.2   **  0.3  1994 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * ** ** 0.2 ** 1.4   **  0.2 Miscellaneous 5/

 1970 72 4.8 17 3.3 0.1 0.7 5 4.5 ** 0.6 ** 1.1 1.0 4.4 ** 0.9  1994 93 6.1 38 5.7 0.1 0.9 6 4.5 ** 0.7 ** 1.4 0.8 2.7 ** 1.5 

 See footnotes at end of table 
Table 43--U.S. food supply: Nutrients contributed by major food groups, per capita per day, 1970 and 1994 1/--continued

Minerals

Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Iron Zinc Copper 

Food group Milli-

% Milli-

% Milli-

% Milli-

% Milli-

% Milli-

% 

grams of total grams of total grams of total grams of total grams of total grams of total g

Meat, poultry, and fish 

 1970 28 3.1 400 27.3 44 13.5 3.6 23.3 5.6 47.6 0.3 19.3 

 1994 32 3.3 415 24.8 49 12.8 3.4 16.3 5.5 41.5 0.3 14.0 Dairy products 2/ 

 1970 670 75.2 529 36.1 66 20.4 0.4 2.4 2.3 18.6 0.1 3.4 

 1994 698 72.8 550 32.8 63 16.4 0.4 2.1 2.5 18.9 0.1 2.8 Eggs

 1970 21 2.4 77 5.3 4 1.3 0.6 4.0 0.5 3.9 ** 0.4  1994 16 1.7 60 3.6 3 0.9 0.5 2.3 0.4 2.8 ** 0.3 Fats and oils 3/

 1970 2 0.2 2 0.1 * ** ** 0.1 ** 0.1 ** 0.1  1994 1 0.2 1 0.1 * ** ** 0.1 ** 0.1 ** 0.1 Fruits

 1970 22 2.5 24 1.7 20 6.0 0.5 3.2 0.1 1.3 0.1 6.9 

 1994 26 2.7 32 1.9 25 6.6 0.6 2.8 0.1 1.4 0.1 7.2  Citrus fruits

 1970 11 1.3 9 0.6 7 2.0 0.1 0.6 ** 0.3 ** 1.9  1994 12 1.3 13 0.8 9 2.2 0.1 0.5 ** 0.4 ** 2.0  Noncitrus fruits

 1970 11 1.2 15 1.0 13 4.0 0.4 2.5 0.1 1.0 0.1 5.1 

 1994 14 1.4 19 1.1 17 4.4 0.5 2.3 0.1 1.1 0.1 5.2 Legumes, soy, and nuts

 1970 34 3.8 77 5.3 40 12.3 1.4 9.4 0.7 6.0 0.3 16.2 

 1994 43 4.4 100 5.9 50 13.2 1.8 8.3 0.8 6.3 0.4 20.1 Vegetables 4/ 1970 58 6.5 119 8.1 54 16.7 2.2 14.3 1.0 7.6 0.4 24.0 

 1994 58 6.4 123 7.3 54 14.1 2.3 11.0 1.0 7.2 0.4 19.8 1, White potatoes

 1970 8 0.9 47 3.2 21 6.4 0.8 5.0 0.4 3.1 0.2 12.6 

 1994 9 0.9 47 2.8 20 5.3 0.9 4.0 0.4 2.9 0.2 9.5  Dark green, deep yellow

 1970 9 1.0 9 0.6 5 1.4 0.2 1.3 0.1 0.5 ** 1.5  1994 9 1.0 11 0.7 5 1.4 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.6 ** 1.2  Other vegetables 1970 41 4.6 63 4.3 29 9.0 1.2 8.1 0.5 3.9 0.2 9.9  1994 43 4.5 65 3.9 29 7.5 1.2 6.0 0.5 3.7 0.2 9.1 Grain products 1970 32 3.5 199 13.6 58 17.8 5.6 36.6 1.5 12.1 0.3 16.9  1994 47 4.9 350 20.8 98 25.5 10.7 50.5 2.4 18.4 0.4 23.3 Sugars and sweeteners

 1970 6 0.7 5 0.4 3 0.8 0.2 1.3 0.1 0.5 0.1 4.3 

 1994 8 0.8 6 0.3 3 0.9 0.2 1.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 4.2 Miscellaneous 5/

 1970 19 2.2 33 2.3 36 11.1 0.9 5.5 0.3 2.4 0.1 8.6 

 1994 28 2.9 42 2.5 37 9.6 1.2 5.7 0.4 3.0 0.2 8.4 

 * = Less than 1.0 but more than 0. ** = Less than 0.05 but more than 0. 1/ Percentages for food groups are based on aggregate nutrient data from table 42. 2/ Excludes butter. 3/ Includes butter. 4/ Total may not add due to round5/ Coffee, tea, spices, chocolate liquor equivalent of cocoa beans, and fortification not assigned to a particular group.Source: USDA/Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP).
Table 44--Beef: Supply and utilization, 1970-98 1/

Factors for Utilization Supply U.S. 

converting carcass Food disappearance 5/ Ship- Begin- total

weight to -- Per capita Total Ending ments to Exports Total ning Imports Produc- population, Year

Boneless Retail Boneless Retail Carcass Boneless Retail Carcass stocks U.S. terri- 3/ 6/ supply stocks 3/ tion July 1

7/ 7/ weight weight weight weight weight weight 4/ tories 3/ 5/ 4/ 2/

----- Percent ---- ---------- Pounds ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds -------------------------------------------------------------- Millions

0.698 0.740 79.6 84.4 114.1 16,326 17,308 23,390 338 6/ 101 23,829 353 1,792 21,684 205.052 1970

0.698 0.740 79.0 83.7 113.1 16,398 17,385 23,493 366 6/ 117 23,976 338 1,734 21,904 207.661 1971

0.698 0.740 80.3 85.1 115.0 16,855 17,870 24,148 477 6/ 114 24,739 366 1,960 22,413 209.896 1972

0.698 0.740 75.8 80.4 108.6 16,069 17,035 23,021 580 6/ 144 23,745 477 1,990 21,278 211.909 1973

0.698 0.740 80.6 85.5 115.5 17,239 18,277 24,698 519 6/ 115 25,332 580 1,615 23,137 213.854 1974

0.698 0.740 83.0 88.0 118.9 17,929 19,008 25,686 456 6/ 110 26,252 519 1,758 23,975 215.973 1975

0.698 0.740 88.8 94.1 127.2 19,358 20,523 27,733 606 71 87 28,498 456 2,073 25,969 218.035 1976

0.698 0.740 86.3 91.5 123.7 19,018 20,162 27,246 412 69 98 27,824 606 1,939 25,279 220.239 1977

0.698 0.740 82.2 87.1 117.7 18,292 19,393 26,207 529 54 160 26,950 412 2,297 24,241 222.585 1978

0.698 0.740 73.5 77.9 105.3 16,547 17,542 23,706 459 49 167 24,380 529 2,405 21,447 225.055 1979

0.698 0.740 72.1 76.4 103.3 16,412 17,400 23,513 432 47 173 24,166 459 2,064 21,643 227.726 1980

0.698 0.740 72.8 77.2 104.3 16,736 17,743 23,977 335 36 216 24,564 432 1,743 22,389 229.966 1981

0.698 0.740 72.5 76.9 103.9 16,834 17,847 24,118 388 55 250 24,811 335 1,939 22,536 232.188 1982

0.698 0.740 74.1 78.5 106.1 17,358 18,402 24,868 429 40 268 25,605 388 1,974 23,243 234.307 1983

0.698 0.740 73.9 78.3 105.8 17,455 18,505 25,007 472 47 323 25,850 429 1,823 23,598 236.348 1984

0.698 0.740 74.6 79.1 106.8 17,782 18,852 25,476 420 51 325 26,271 472 2,071 23,728 238.466 1985

0.690 0.730 74.4 78.7 107.8 17,898 18,936 25,940 412 52 516 26,919 420 2,129 24,371 240.651 1986

0.670 0.710 69.6 73.7 103.8 16,887 17,895 25,205 386 56 600 26,247 412 2,269 23,566 242.804 1987

0.667 0.705 68.6 72.5 102.8 16,800 17,757 25,188 422 64 680 26,353 386 2,379 23,589 245.021 1988

0.667 0.705 65.4 69.2 98.1 16,187 17,109 24,269 335 61 1,023 25,687 422 2,178 23,087 247.342 1989

0.667 0.705 63.9 67.6 95.9 15,982 16,893 23,961 397 69 1,006 25,434 335 2,356 22,743 249.949 1990

0.663 0.700 63.1 66.6 95.2 15,942 16,831 24,045 419 69 1,188 25,721 397 2,406 22,917 252.636 1991

0.663 0.700 62.8 66.3 94.7 16,035 16,930 24,185 360 76 1,324 25,945 419 2,440 23,086 255.382 1992

0.663 0.700 61.5 64.9 92.8 15,875 16,761 23,944 529 62 1,275 25,810 360 2,401 23,049 258.089 1993 

0.661 0.695 63.6 66.9 96.2 16,569 17,422 25,067 548 58 1,611 27,284 529 2,369 24,386 260.602 1994 

0.665 0.695 64.4 67.3 96.8 16,935 17,699 25,466 519 67 1,821 27,873 548 2,103 25,222 263.039 1995 

0.669 0.700 65.0 68.1 97.2 17,265 18,065 25,807 377 56 1,877 28,117 519 2,073 25,525 265.453 1996

0.669 0.700 63.8 66.8 95.4 17,091 17,883 25,547 465 62 2,136 28,210 377 2,343 25,490 267.901 1997 

0.669 0.700 64.9 67.9 97.0 17,543 18,356 26,223 395 62 2,158 28,838 465 2,611 25,762 270.290 1998 P

 P = Preliminary. 1/ Carcass weight. Edible offals are not part of the carcass and therefore are not included. 2/ Excludes the U.S. territories. 3/ Beginning 1989, trade data include veal. 4/ Cold-storageholdings in public and private warehouses and packing plants whose food products are normally stored for 30 days or more. Excluded are stocks in space maintained by wholesalers,jobbers, distributors, chain stores, locker plants containing individual lockers, meatpacker branch houses, frozen food processors whose entire inventories are turned over more thanonce a month, and the Armed Forces. 5/ Computed from unrounded data. 6/ Shipments to U.S. territories are included under exports before 1975. 7/ Source: "Reevaluation of BeefCarcass-to-Retail Weight Conversion Factor," AER-623, ERS, USDA, October 1989.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 45--Veal: Supply and utilization, 1970-98 1/

Factors for Utilization Supply U.S. 

converting carcass Food disappearance 4/ Ship- Begin- total

weight to -- Per capita Total Ending ments to Exports Total ning Imports Produc- population, Year

Boneless Retail Boneless Retail Carcass Boneless Retail Carcass stocks U.S. terri- 5/ supply stocks tion July 1

6/ 6/ weight weight weight weight weight weight 3/ tories 4/ 3/ 2/

---- Percent ---- -------- Pounds --------- -------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds --------------------------------------------------------- Millions

0.685 0.830 2.0 2.5 3.0 418 506 610 9 5/ 3 622 10 24 588 205.052 1970

0.685 0.830 1.9 2.3 2.7 387 469 565 9 5/ 4 578 9 22 547 207.661 1971

0.685 0.830 1.6 1.9 2.3 329 399 480 13 5/ 10 503 9 36 458 209.896 1972

0.685 0.830 1.2 1.5 1.8 261 316 381 12 5/ 8 401 13 31 357 211.909 1973

0.685 0.830 1.6 1.9 2.3 343 415 500 14 5/ 15 529 12 31 486 213.854 1974

0.685 0.830 2.8 3.4 4.1 607 735 886 11 5/ 14 911 14 24 873 215.973 1975

0.685 0.830 2.7 3.3 4.0 591 716 863 11 9 2 884 11 22 852 218.035 1976

0.685 0.830 2.6 3.2 3.8 579 701 845 11 9 2 868 11 24 833 220.239 1977

0.685 0.830 2.0 2.4 2.9 446 541 651 9 4 2 667 11 25 631 222.585 1978

0.685 0.830 1.4 1.7 2.0 312 378 456 10 2 3 471 9 27 435 225.055 1979

0.685 0.830 1.3 1.5 1.8 287 348 419 9 1 2 432 10 21 400 227.726 1980

0.685 0.830 1.3 1.6 2.0 309 374 450 9 1 2 463 9 18 435 229.966 1981

0.685 0.830 1.4 1.7 2.0 318 386 465 7 2 2 476 9 19 448 232.188 1982

0.685 0.830 1.4 1.6 2.0 318 386 465 9 1 4 479 7 19 453 234.307 1983

0.685 0.830 1.5 1.8 2.1 348 421 508 14 1 6 528 9 24 495 236.348 1984

0.685 0.830 1.5 1.9 2.2 365 442 532 11 1 4 549 14 20 515 238.466 1985

0.685 0.830 1.6 1.9 2.3 376 456 549 7 1 5 562 11 27 524 240.651 1986

0.685 0.830 1.3 1.5 1.8 307 372 449 4 1 7 460 7 24 429 242.804 1987

0.685 0.830 1.1 1.4 1.7 280 340 409 5 2 10 427 4 27 396 245.021 1988

0.685 0.830 1.0 1.2 1.4 244 296 357 4 NA NA 360 5 NA 355 247.342 1989

0.685 0.830 0.9 1.1 1.3 223 270 325 6 NA NA 331 4 NA 327 249.949 1990

0.685 0.830 0.8 1.0 1.2 209 253 305 7 NA NA 312 6 NA 306 252.636 1991

0.685 0.830 0.8 1.0 1.2 214 259 312 5 NA NA 317 7 NA 310 255.382 1992

0.685 0.830 0.8 0.9 1.1 196 237 286 4 NA NA 290 5 NA 285 258.089 1993 

0.685 0.830 0.8 0.9 1.1 199 241 290 7 NA NA 297 4 NA 293 260.602 1994

0.685 0.830 0.8 1.0 1.2 219 265 319 7 NA NA 326 7 NA 319 263.039 1995 

0.685 0.830 1.0 1.2 1.4 259 314 378 7 NA NA 385 7 NA 378 265.453 1996

0.685 0.830 0.9 1.0 1.2 228 276 333 8 NA NA 341 7 NA 334 267.901 1997 

0.685 0.830 0.7 0.8 1.0 182 220 265 5 NA NA 270 8 NA 262 270.290 1998 P

 NA = Not available. P = Preliminary. 1/ Carcass weight except as noted in footnote 3. Edible offals are not part of the carcass and therefore are not included. 2/ Excludes the U.S. territories. 3/ Cold-storage holdingsin public and private warehouses and packing plants whose food products are normally stored for 30 days or more. Excluded are stocks in space maintained by wholesalers,jobbers, distributors, chain stores, locker plants containing individual lockers, meatpacker branch houses, frozen food processors whose entire inventories are turned over morethan once a month, and the Armed Forces. Stocks data are reported on a product-weight basis for all years. 4/ Computed from unrounded data. 5/ Shipments to U.S.territories are included under exports before 1975. 6/ Source: "Weights and Measures for Agricultural Commodities and Their Products," AH-697, ERS, USDA, June 1992.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 46--Lamb: Supply and utilization, 1970-98 1/

Factors for Utilization Supply U.S. 

converting carcass Food disappearance 4/ Ship- Begin- total

weight to -- Per capita Total Ending ments to Exports Total ning Imports Produc- population, Year

Boneless Retail Boneless Retail Carcass Boneless Retail Carcass stocks U.S. terri- 5/ supply stocks tion July 1

6/ 6/ weight weight weight weight weight weight 3/ tories 4/ 3/ 2/

---- Percent ---- -------- Pounds --------- ---------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ----------------------------------------------------------- Millions

0.658 0.890 2.1 2.9 3.2 436 590 663 19 5/ 7 689 16 122 551 205.052 1970

0.658 0.890 2.1 2.8 3.1 428 579 650 19 5/ 8 677 19 103 555 207.661 1971

0.658 0.890 2.2 2.9 3.3 452 612 688 16 5/ 7 710 19 148 543 209.896 1972

0.658 0.890 1.7 2.4 2.6 368 498 560 15 5/ 6 581 16 53 512 211.909 1973

0.658 0.890 1.5 2.0 2.3 318 430 483 14 5/ 8 505 15 26 464 213.854 1974

0.658 0.890 1.3 1.8 2.0 284 384 432 12 5/ 8 452 14 27 411 215.973 1975

0.658 0.890 1.2 1.6 1.8 262 354 398 15 3 4 419 12 36 371 218.035 1976

0.658 0.890 1.1 1.5 1.7 244 330 370 10 2 5 387 15 23 350 220.239 1977

0.658 0.890 1.0 1.4 1.5 226 306 343 12 1 3 359 10 39 310 222.585 1978

0.658 0.890 1.0 1.3 1.5 219 296 333 11 2 1 347 12 44 291 225.055 1979

0.658 0.890 1.0 1.4 1.5 229 310 348 9 3 1 362 11 33 318 227.726 1980

0.658 0.890 1.0 1.4 1.6 238 322 362 11 3 2 378 9 31 338 229.966 19810.658 0.890 1.1 1.5 1.7 253 342 384 9 2 2 397 11 21 365 232.188 1982

0.658 0.890 1.1 1.5 1.7 255 345 388 11 2 1 402 9 18 375 234.307 19830.658 0.890 1.1 1.5 1.7 262 354 398 7 3 2 410 11 20 379 236.348 1984

0.658 0.890 1.1 1.4 1.6 254 344 387 13 2 1 403 7 36 359 238.466 19850.658 0.890 1.0 1.4 1.6 247 335 376 13 2 1 392 13 41 338 240.651 1986

0.658 0.890 1.0 1.3 1.5 237 321 360 8 2 1 372 13 44 315 242.804 1987

0.658 0.890 1.0 1.4 1.6 254 343 386 6 1 1 394 8 51 335 245.021 1988

0.658 0.890 1.0 1.4 1.6 254 343 385 8 1 5 399 6 46 347 247.342 1989

0.658 0.890 1.0 1.4 1.6 261 353 397 8 - - 6 412 8 41 363 249.949 1990

0.658 0.890 1.0 1.4 1.6 261 353 396 6 - - 10 412 8 41 363 252.636 1991

0.658 0.890 1.0 1.3 1.5 255 344 387 8 1 8 404 6 50 348 255.382 1992

0.658 0.890 1.0 1.3 1.5 251 339 381 8 1 8 398 8 53 337 258.089 1993

0.658 0.890 0.9 1.2 1.3 227 307 345 11 - - 9 365 8 49 308 260.602 1994

0.658 0.890 0.9 1.2 1.3 229 310 348 8 - - 6 362 11 64 287 263.039 1995

0.658 0.890 0.8 1.1 1.3 219 296 333 9 1 6 349 8 73 268 265.453 1996 

0.658 0.890 0.8 1.1 1.2 219 296 333 14 - - 5 352 9 83 260 267.901 1997 

0.658 0.890 0.9 1.2 1.3 233 315 354 12 - - 5 371 14 107 250 270.290 1998 P

 -- = Less than 0.05 million pounds. P = Preliminary. 1/ Carcass weight except as noted in footnote 3. Edible offals are not part of the carcass and therefore are not included. 2/ Excludes the U.S. territories. 3/ Cold-storage holdings inpublic and private warehouses and packing plants whose food products are normally stored for 30 days or more. Excluded are stocks in space maintained by wholesalers, j obbers,distributors, chain stores, locker plants containing individual lockers, meatpacker branch houses, frozen food processors whose entire inventories are turned over more than once amonth, and the Armed Forces. Stocks data are reported on a product-weight basis for all years. 4/ Computed from unrounded data. 5/ Shipments to U.S. territories are included underexports before 1975. 6/ Source: "Weights and Measures for Agricultural Commodities and Their Products," AH-697, ERS, USDA, Ju ne 1992.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 47--Pork: Supply and utilization, 1970-98 1/

Factors for Utilization Supply U.S. 

converting carcass Food disappearance 4/ Ship- Begin- total

weight to -- Per capita Total Ending ments to Exports Total ning Imports Produc- population, Year

Boneless Retail Boneless Retail Carcass Boneless Retail Carcass stocks U.S. terri- 5/ supply stocks tion July 1

6/ 6/ weight weight weight weight weight weight 3/ tories 4/ 3/ 2/

---- Percent ---- --------- Pounds ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ Million pounds ------------------------------------------------------------- Millions

0.665 0.765 48.0 55.2 72.1 9,835 11,314 14,789 394 5/ 194 15,378 188 491 14,699 205.052 19700.670 0.766 52.6 60.2 78.5 10,926 12,491 16,307 391 5/ 198 16,896 394 496 16,006 207.661 1971

0.675 0.767 47.8 54.3 70.8 10,028 11,395 14,857 258 5/ 236 15,351 391 538 14,422 209.896 1972

0.680 0.768 43.0 48.5 63.2 9,103 10,281 13,387 348 5/ 279 14,014 258 533 13,223 211.909 19730.685 0.769 46.7 52.4 68.2 9,990 11,215 14,584 380 5/ 204 15,167 348 488 14,331 213.854 19740.690 0.770 38.7 43.1 56.0 8,349 9,317 12,100 181 5/ 317 12,598 380 439 11,779 215.973 19750.695 0.771 40.3 44.7 58.0 8,786 9,747 12,642 274 106 316 13,338 181 469 12,688 218.035 19760.699 0.772 42.3 46.7 60.5 9,309 10,281 13,317 246 105 294 13,962 274 440 13,248 220.239 19770.703 0.773 42.3 46.5 60.2 9,422 10,360 13,403 310 133 288 14,134 246 495 13,393 222.585 19780.707 0.774 48.6 53.2 68.7 10,929 11,964 15,458 355 158 291 16,261 310 500 15,451 225.055 1979

0.711 0.775 52.1 56.8 73.3 11,862 12,930 16,684 431 154 252 17,521 355 550 16,617 227.726 1980

0.715 0.776 49.9 54.2 69.8 11,482 12,461 16,058 336 145 307 16,846 431 542 15,873 229.966 1981

0.717 0.777 44.9 48.6 62.6 10,417 11,288 14,528 284 151 214 15,177 336 612 14,229 232.188 1982

0.719 0.778 47.4 51.3 66.0 11,111 12,022 15,453 375 142 219 16,190 284 707 15,199 234.307 1983

0.721 0.779 47.2 51.0 65.5 11,163 12,061 15,483 348 147 164 16,141 375 954 14,812 236.348 1984

0.723 0.780 47.7 51.5 66.0 11,375 12,272 15,733 289 132 128 16,283 348 1,128 14,807 238.466 1985

0.725 0.779 45.2 48.6 62.3 10,877 11,687 15,003 253 132 86 15,474 289 1,122 14,063 240.651 19860.727 0.778 45.6 48.8 62.7 11,068 11,845 15,225 360 127 109 15,821 253 1,195 14,373 242.804 1987

0.728 0.777 48.8 52.1 67.0 11,956 12,761 16,423 437 126 195 17,181 360 1,137 15,684 245.021 1988

0.729 0.776 48.4 51.5 66.4 11,976 12,748 16,428 313 143 262 17,146 437 896 15,813 247.342 1989

0.729 0.776 46.4 49.4 63.7 11,603 12,352 15,917 296 113 238 16,565 313 898 15,354 249.949 1990

0.729 0.776 46.9 50.0 64.4 11,860 12,624 16,268 388 131 283 17,070 296 775 15,999 252.636 1991

0.729 0.776 49.4 52.6 67.8 12,623 13,437 17,316 385 145 420 18,266 388 645 17,233 255.382 1992

0.729 0.776 48.9 52.0 67.1 12,615 13,429 17,305 359 103 446 18,213 385 740 17,088 258.089 1993

0.729 0.776 49.5 52.7 67.9 12,901 13,733 17,697 438 114 549 18,798 359 743 17,696 260.602 1994

0.729 0.776 49.0 52.2 67.2 12,890 13,721 17,682 396 86 787 18,951 438 664 17,849 263.039 1995 

0.729 0.776 45.9 48.9 63.0 12,193 12,979 16,725 366 70 970 18,131 396 618 17,117 265.453 1996

0.729 0.776 45.6 48.5 62.5 12,208 12,995 16,746 408 75 1,044 18,273 366 633 17,274 267.901 1997 

0.729 0.776 49.1 52.3 67.4 13,283 14,139 18,221 586 75 1,232 20,114 408 695 19,011 270.290 1998 P

 P = Preliminary. 1/ Carcass weight. Edible offals are not part of the carcass and therefore are not included. 2/ Excludes the U.S. territories. 3/ Cold-storage holdings in public and private warehousesand packing plants whose food products are normally stored for 30 days or more. Excluded are stocks in space maintained by wholesalers, jobbers, distributors, chain stores, lockerplants containing individual lockers, meatpacker branch houses, frozen food processors whose entire inventories are turned over more than once a month, and the Armed Forces. 4/ Computed from unrounded data. 5/ Shipments to U.S. territories are included under exports before 1975. 6/ Source: "Livestock and Poultry Situation and Outlook Report," LPS-45, ERS, USDA, January 1991.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 48--Total red meat: Supply and utilization, 1970-98 1/

Utilization Supply U.S. 

Food disappearance 4/ Ship- Begin- total

Per capita Total Ending ments to Exports Total ning Imports Produc- population, Year

Boneless Retail Carcass Boneless Retail Carcass stocks U.S. terri- 5/ supply stocks tion July 1

weight weight weight weight weight weight 3/ tories 4/ 3/ 2/

------------ Pounds ------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds -------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions

131.7 144.9 192.4 27,015 29,718 39,452 761 5/ 305 40,518 567 2,429 37,522 205.052 1970

135.5 148.9 197.5 28,139 30,924 41,016 785 5/ 327 42,128 761 2,355 39,012 207.661 1971

131.8 144.2 191.4 27,665 30,275 40,172 764 5/ 367 41,303 785 2,682 37,836 209.896 1972

121.8 132.8 176.2 25,801 28,131 37,349 955 5/ 437 38,741 764 2,607 35,370 211.909 1973

130.4 141.9 188.3 27,890 30,337 40,265 926 5/ 342 41,533 955 2,160 38,418 213.854 1974

125.8 136.3 181.1 27,169 29,444 39,104 659 5/ 449 40,212 926 2,248 37,038 215.973 1975

133.0 143.7 191.0 28,997 31,339 41,636 905 189 410 43,139 659 2,600 39,880 218.035 1976

132.3 142.9 189.7 29,149 31,473 41,778 679 185 398 43,040 905 2,425 39,710 220.239 1977

127.5 137.5 182.4 28,387 30,600 40,604 860 192 454 42,110 679 2,856 38,575 222.585 1978

124.4 134.1 177.5 28,007 30,181 39,952 835 211 461 41,459 860 2,975 37,624 225.055 1979

126.4 136.1 179.9 28,791 30,988 40,965 882 205 429 42,481 835 2,668 38,978 227.726 1980

125.1 134.4 177.6 28,765 30,901 40,848 691 185 527 42,251 882 2,334 39,035 229.966 1981

119.8 128.6 170.1 27,822 29,863 39,495 688 210 468 40,860 691 2,592 37,578 232.188 1982

123.9 133.0 175.7 29,042 31,156 41,173 824 185 493 42,675 688 2,717 39,270 234.307 1983

123.7 132.6 175.1 29,227 31,342 41,395 841 198 495 42,929 824 2,821 39,284 236.348 1984

124.9 133.8 176.7 29,777 31,910 42,129 733 186 458 43,505 841 3,255 39,409 238.466 1985

122.2 130.5 174.0 29,400 31,414 41,868 684 187 608 43,347 733 3,318 39,296 240.651 1986

117.4 125.3 169.8 28,500 30,433 41,238 758 186 718 42,900 684 3,533 38,683 242.804 1987

119.5 127.3 173.1 29,290 31,201 42,406 870 193 887 44,356 758 3,594 40,004 245.021 1988

115.9 123.3 167.5 28,661 30,496 41,438 659 205 1,290 43,592 870 3,120 39,602 247.342 1989

112.3 119.5 162.4 28,070 29,867 40,600 707 182 1,250 42,741 659 3,295 38,787 249.949 1990

111.9 119.0 162.3 28,270 30,061 41,014 820 200 1,481 43,515 707 3,222 39,585 252.636 1991

114.1 121.3 165.2 29,126 30,970 42,200 758 222 1,752 44,932 820 3,135 40,977 255.382 1992

112.1 119.2 162.4 28,937 30,766 41,916 900 166 1,729 44,711 758 3,194 40,759 258.089 1993

114.7 121.6 166.5 29,896 31,702 43,399 1,004 172 2,169 46,744 900 3,161 42,683 260.602 1994

115.1 121.6 166.6 30,272 31,995 43,815 930 153 2,614 47,512 1,004 2,831 43,677 263.039 1995 

112.8 119.2 162.9 29,935 31,654 43,243 759 127 2,853 46,982 930 2,764 43,288 265.453 1996

111.0 117.4 160.4 29,746 31,450 42,959 895 137 3,185 47,176 759 3,059 43,358 267.901 1997 

115.6 122.2 166.7 31,241 33,030 45,063 998 137 3,395 49,593 895 3,413 45,285 270.290 1998 P

 P = Preliminary. 1/ Carcass weight basis except as noted in footnote 3. Edible offals are not part of the carcass and therefore are not included. 2/ Excludes the U.S. territories. 3/ Cold-storageholdings in public and private warehouses and packing plants whose food products are normally stored for 30 days or more. Excluded are stocks in space maintained bywholesalers, jobbers, distributors, chain stores, locker plants containing individual lockers, meatpacker branch houses, frozen food processors whose entire inventories are turnedover more than once a month, and the Armed Forces. Lamb, mutton, and veal stocks data are reported on a product-weight basis for all years. 4/ Computed from unrounded data. 5/ Shipments to U.S. territories are included under exports before 1975.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 49--Fresh and frozen fish and shellfish: Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply U.S. 

Food disappearance Begin- total

Ending Exports Total ning Imports Production population, Year

Per capita Total stocks supply stocks July 1

Pounds -------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds -------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

6.9 1,406 251 81 1,738 233 890 615 205.052 19706.7 1,401 242 102 1,745 251 864 630 207.661 19717.1 1,494 335 96 1,925 242 1,060 623 209.896 1972

7.4 1,563 373 147 2,083 335 1,091 657 211.909 19736.9 1,477 344 112 1,933 373 902 658 213.854 19747.5 1,618 290 135 2,043 344 982 717 215.973 19758.1 1,775 296 154 2,225 290 1,147 788 218.035 19767.7 1,700 335 205 2,240 296 1,130 814 220.239 19778.1 1,793 338 271 2,402 335 1,156 911 222.585 19787.8 1,760 367 337 2,464 338 1,169 957 225.055 19797.8 1,783 296 324 2,403 367 1,013 1,023 227.726 19807.7 1,778 264 377 2,419 296 1,097 1,026 229.966 19817.8 1,819 298 388 2,505 264 1,159 1,082 232.188 19828.3 1,954 340 345 2,639 298 1,306 1,035 234.307 19838.9 2,113 295 337 2,745 340 1,300 1,105 236.348 19849.7 2,323 280 379 2,982 295 1,459 1,228 238.466 19859.7 2,346 264 430 3,040 280 1,546 1,214 240.651 1986

10.6 2,580 354 495 3,429 264 1,740 1,425 242.804 198710.0 2,441 338 671 3,450 354 1,559 1,537 245.021 198810.2 2,515 349 839 3,703 338 1,566 1,799 247.342 1989

9.6 2,392 273 1,022 3,687 349 1,575 1,763 249.949 1990

9.7 2,438 305 1,313 4,056 273 1,619 2,164 252.636 1991

9.8 2,510 306 1,408 4,224 305 1,564 2,355 255.382 1992

10.1 2,616 305 1,437 4,358 306 1,649 2,403 258.089 1993

10.3 2,696 275 1,413 4,384 305 1,691 2,388 260.602 1994 

9.9 2,614 310 1,433 4,357 275 1,724 2,358 263.039 1995 

9.9 2,640 291 1,494 4,425 310 1,864 2,251 265.453 1996

9.8 2,637 322 1,486 4,445 291 1,960 2,194 267.901 1997

 1/ Edible meat weight. Edible-weight finfish is equal to 45 percent of liveweight. Shellfish reported on a meat-equivalent basis. Includes cultivated catfish beginning in 1973.Source: U.S. Department of Commerce/National Marine Fisheries Service (Steve Koplin, (301) 713-2328). ERS computed per capita figures.
Table 50--Canned fish and shellfish: Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply U.S. 

Food disappearance Ending Begin- total

stocks Exports Total ning Imports Production population, Year

Per capita Total 3/ supply stocks 3/ 2/ July 1

Pounds -------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds --------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

4.4 911 186 47 1,144 161 238 745 205.052 1970

4.3 891 196 48 1,135 186 192 757 207.661 1971

4.9 1,036 218 55 1,309 196 247 866 209.896 1972

5.0 1,051 205 58 1,314 218 231 865 211.909 1973

4.7 1,007 314 43 1,364 205 267 892 213.854 1974

4.2 912 246 51 1,209 299 162 748 215.973 1975 4/4.2 925 329 55 1,309 246 217 846 218.035 1976

4.5 996 320 55 1,371 329 178 864 220.239 1977

5.0 1,102 359 68 1,529 320 191 1,018 222.585 1978

4.8 1,079 300 81 1,460 359 198 903 225.055 1979

4.3 971 326 106 1,403 300 212 891 227.726 1980

4.6 1,048 301 102 1,451 326 204 921 229.966 1981

4.3 990 270 71 1,331 301 224 806 232.188 1982

4.7 1,093 216 74 1,383 270 258 855 234.307 1983

4.9 1,151 326 64 1,541 216 316 1,009 236.348 1984

5.0 1,185 306 61 1,552 326 414 812 238.466 1985

5.4 1,293 249 81 1,623 306 439 878 240.651 1986

5.2 1,257 257 55 1,569 249 429 891 242.804 1987

4.9 1,196 266 63 1,525 257 429 839 245.021 1988

5.1 1,258 372 138 1,768 266 533 969 247.342 1989

5.1 1,271 335 100 1,706 372 458 876 249.949 1990

4.9 1,231 366 148 1,745 335 513 897 252.636 1991

4.6 1,166 259 178 1,603 366 469 768 255.382 1992

4.5 1,154 285 127 1,566 259 382 925 258.089 1993

4.5 1,167 295 138 1,600 285 419 896 260.602 1994 

4.7 1,229 321 140 1,690 295 378 1,017 263.039 1995 

4.5 1,186 306 155 1,647 321 354 972 265.453 1996

4.4 1,172 271 129 1,572 321 387 864 267.901 1997

 1/ Edible meat weight. Excludes the nonfish content of canned fishery products. 2/ Includes production from Puerto Rico and American Samoa. 3/ Canned fish stocks data include reported or estimated stocks for salmon, tuna, sardines, and mackerel. Salmon stocks include those at wholesale. Sardine stocks excluded beginning January 1, 1975.4/ Beginning stocks do not equal previous year's ending stocks due to data revision.Source: U.S. Department of Commerce/National Marine Fisheries Service (Steve Koplin, (301) 713-2328). ERS computed per capita figures.
Table 51--Cured fish and shellfish: Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply U.S. 

Food disappearance Begin- total

Ending Exports Total ning Imports Production population, Year

Per capita Total stocks supply stocks July 1

Pounds ------------------------------------------------------------ Million pounds ------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

0.4 91 9 10 110 4 54 52 205.052 19700.5 94 10 9 113 9 49 55 207.661 1971

0.4 92 6 8 106 10 43 53 209.896 1972

0.4 86 8 10 104 6 48 50 211.909 1973

0.5 97 7 9 113 8 50 55 213.854 1974

0.4 91 7 10 108 7 50 51 215.973 1975

0.5 104 7 14 125 7 70 48 218.035 1976

0.4 88 7 24 119 7 58 54 220.239 1977

0.4 81 6 36 123 7 68 48 222.585 1978

0.4 83 5 32 120 6 63 51 225.055 1979

0.3 73 4 41 118 5 56 57 227.726 1980

0.3 67 4 49 120 4 73 43 229.966 1981

0.3 69 1 49 119 4 69 46 232.188 1982

0.3 70 6 45 121 1 65 55 234.307 1983

0.3 70 25 39 134 6 68 60 236.348 1984

0.3 71 22 45 138 25 54 59 238.466 1985

0.3 72 25 39 136 22 59 55 240.651 1986

0.3 72 23 35 130 25 64 41 242.804 1987

0.3 73 2 52 127 23 63 41 245.021 1988

0.3 74 16 28 118 2 66 50 247.342 1989

0.3 75 25 20 120 16 71 33 249.949 1990

0.3 75 24 23 122 25 68 29 252.636 1991

0.3 76 33 16 125 24 67 34 255.382 1992

0.3 77 30 16 123 33 69 21 258.089 1993 

0.3 78 32 11 121 30 70 21 260.602 1994 

0.3 89 23 13 125 32 71 22 263.039 1995 

0.3 79 16 23 118 23 67 28 265.453 1996 

0.3 80 20 11 111 16 69 26 267.901 1997

 1/ Edible meat weight. Excludes intermediate products that may be in the final stage of processing, including milk-cured salmon and green, salted cod, haddock, hake,pollock, and cusk. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce/National Marine Fisheries Service (Steve Koplin, (301) 713-2328). ERS computed per capita figures.
Table 52--Total fish and shellfish: Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply U.S. 

Food disappearance Begin- total

Ending Exports Total ning Imports Production population, Year

Per capita Total stocks supply stocks July 1

Pounds -------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds --------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

11.7 2,408 446 138 2,992 398 1,182 1,412 205.052 1970

11.5 2,386 448 159 2,993 446 1,105 1,442 207.661 1971

12.5 2,622 559 159 3,340 448 1,350 1,542 209.896 1972

12.7 2,700 586 215 3,501 559 1,370 1,572 211.909 1973

12.1 2,581 665 164 3,410 586 1,219 1,605 213.854 1974

12.1 2,621 543 196 3,360 650 1,194 1,516 215.973 1975 2/

12.9 2,804 632 223 3,659 543 1,434 1,682 218.035 1976

12.6 2,784 662 284 3,730 632 1,366 1,732 220.239 1977

13.4 2,976 703 375 4,054 662 1,415 1,977 222.585 1978

13.0 2,922 672 450 4,044 703 1,430 1,911 225.055 1979

12.4 2,827 626 471 3,924 672 1,281 1,971 227.726 1980

12.6 2,893 569 528 3,990 626 1,374 1,990 229.966 1981

12.4 2,878 569 508 3,955 569 1,452 1,934 232.188 1982

13.3 3,117 562 464 4,143 569 1,629 1,945 234.307 1983

14.1 3,334 646 440 4,420 562 1,684 2,174 236.348 1984

15.0 3,579 608 485 4,672 646 1,927 2,099 238.466 1985

15.4 3,711 538 550 4,799 608 2,044 2,147 240.651 1986

16.1 3,909 634 585 5,128 538 2,233 2,357 242.804 1987

15.1 3,710 606 786 5,102 634 2,051 2,417 245.021 1988

15.6 3,847 737 1,005 5,589 606 2,165 2,818 247.342 1989

15.0 3,738 633 1,142 5,513 737 2,104 2,672 249.949 1990

14.8 3,744 695 1,484 5,923 633 2,200 3,090 252.636 1991

14.7 3,752 598 1,602 5,952 695 2,100 3,157 255.382 1992

14.9 3,847 620 1,580 6,047 598 2,100 3,349 258.089 1993

15.1 3,941 602 1,562 6,105 620 2,180 3,305 260.602 1994 

14.9 3,932 654 1,586 6,172 602 2,173 3,397 263.039 1995 

14.7 3,905 613 1,672 6,190 654 2,285 3,251 265.453 1996

14.5 3,889 613 1,626 6,128 628 2,416 3,084 267.901 1997

 1/ Edible meat weight. 2/ Beginning stocks do not equal previous year's ending stocks due to data revision.Source: U.S. Department of Commerce/National Marine Fisheries Service (Steve Koplin, (301) 713-2328). ERS computed per capita figures.
Table 53--Young chicken (broilers): Supply and utilization, 1970-98 1/

Factors for Utilization Supply U.S. 

converting carcass Food disappearance 3/ Ship- total

weight to 4/ -- Per capita Total Ending ments to Exports Total Begin- Imports Produc- population, Year

Boneless Retail Carcass Boneless Retail Carcass stocks U.S. terri- supply ning tion July 1

Boneless Retail weight weight weight weight weight weight tories 3/ stocks 2/

---- Percent ---- ----------- Pounds ------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ Million pounds ------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

0.683 1.000 24.9 36.5 36.5 5,108 7,478 7,478 112 85 94 7,769 82 7,687 205.052 1970

0.682 1.000 24.7 36.3 36.3 5,139 7,536 7,536 103 96 101 7,835 112 7,724 207.661 19710.682 1.000 25.9 38.0 38.0 5,439 7,976 7,976 76 104 94 8,250 103 8,147 209.896 1972

0.681 1.000 24.9 36.6 36.6 5,275 7,745 7,745 100 99 94 8,038 76 7,962 211.909 1973

0.681 1.000 24.8 36.4 36.4 5,305 7,791 7,791 121 107 115 8,134 100 8,034 213.854 19740.680 1.000 24.6 36.2 36.2 5,312 7,811 7,811 75 116 138 8,141 121 8,020 215.973 19750.680 1.000 26.7 39.3 39.3 5,821 8,561 8,561 112 127 287 9,088 75 9,012 218.035 19760.679 1.000 27.3 40.1 40.1 6,003 8,841 8,841 110 128 313 9,392 112 9,279 220.239 1977

0.678 1.000 28.8 42.5 42.5 6,420 9,468 9,468 86 126 331 10,012 110 9,902 222.585 1978

0.680 0.986 31.3 45.4 46.0 7,041 10,210 10,355 112 144 402 11,013 86 10,926 225.055 1979

0.675 0.977 31.2 45.2 46.2 7,105 10,284 10,527 115 155 567 11,364 112 11,252 227.726 1980

0.669 0.967 32.0 46.2 47.8 7,352 10,627 10,990 120 154 719 11,983 115 11,868 229.966 1981

0.658 0.950 32.2 46.4 48.9 7,469 10,783 11,351 117 147 501 12,116 120 11,996 232.188 1982

0.647 0.933 32.5 46.9 50.3 7,620 10,989 11,778 101 132 432 12,443 117 12,326 234.307 1983

0.647 0.932 33.8 48.7 52.2 7,986 11,504 12,343 127 145 407 13,022 101 12,921 236.348 1984

0.646 0.930 35.0 50.4 54.2 8,352 12,024 12,929 158 143 417 13,646 127 13,520 238.466 1985

0.640 0.921 35.8 51.4 55.9 8,604 12,381 13,443 179 149 566 14,338 158 14,180 240.651 1986

0.636 0.914 37.9 54.5 59.7 9,214 13,242 14,488 202 151 752 15,592 179 15,413 242.804 1987

0.620 0.888 38.2 54.8 61.7 9,368 13,417 15,109 179 156 765 16,209 202 16,007 245.021 1988

0.605 0.864 39.6 56.6 65.5 9,806 14,004 16,208 221 163 814 17,406 179 17,227 247.342 1989

0.603 0.862 41.3 59.0 68.5 10,318 14,750 17,111 242 155 1,143 18,651 221 18,430 249.949 1990

0.602 0.859 43.2 61.6 71.7 10,902 15,556 18,109 300 162 1,261 19,833 242 19,591 252.636 1991

0.608 0.870 45.6 65.3 75.0 11,649 16,668 19,159 368 189 1,489 21,205 300 1 20,904 255.382 1992

0.615 0.881 47.5 68.0 77.2 12,251 17,550 19,920 358 140 1,966 22,384 368 1 22,015 258.089 1993

0.612 0.875 48.3 69.1 79.0 12,596 18,008 20,581 458 110 2,876 24,025 358 1 23,666 260.602 1994 

0.608 0.869 47.9 68.5 78.8 12,602 18,012 20,727 560 105 3,894 25,286 458 1 24,827 263.039 1995

0.608 0.869 49.3 70.5 81.1 13,085 18,702 21,521 641 106 4,420 26,688 560 4 26,124 265.453 1996

0.608 0.869 50.7 72.4 83.3 13,570 19,395 22,319 607 97 4,664 27,687 641 5 27,041 267.901 19970.608 0.869 51.4 73.5 84.6 13,906 19,875 22,871 712 97 4,516 28,196 607 5 27,584 270.290 1998 P

 P = Preliminary. 1/ Ready-to-cook carcass weight. 2/ Excludes the U.S. territories. 3/ Computed from unrounded data. 4/ Source: "Updated Conversion Factors and Retail an d Boneless Weight BroilerConsumption Series," Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Situation and Outlook series, ERS, USDA, LDP-P-12, Nov. 18, 1996.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 54--Other chicken: Supply and utilization, 1970-98 1/

Factors for Utilization Supply U.S. 

converting carcass Food disappearance 3/ Ship- total

weight to 4/ -- Per capita Total Ending ments to Exports Total Begin- Imports Produc- population, Year

Boneless Retail Carcass Boneless Retail Carcass stocks U.S. terri- supply ning tion July 1

Boneless Retail weight weight weight weight weight weight tories 3/ stocks 2/

---- Percent ---- ---------- Pounds ----------- --------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ---------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

0.683 1.000 2.5 3.7 3.7 512 750 750 52 1 3 806 28 778 205.052 1970

0.682 1.000 2.6 3.8 3.8 542 794 794 45 2 3 844 52 792 207.661 1971

0.682 1.000 2.4 3.5 3.5 506 743 743 35 2 6 785 45 740 209.896 19720.681 1.000 2.2 3.2 3.2 462 678 678 47 3 7 735 35 700 211.909 1973

0.681 1.000 2.2 3.2 3.2 465 683 683 54 3 9 749 47 702 213.854 1974

0.680 1.000 1.8 2.7 2.7 390 574 574 39 2 17 632 54 578 215.973 1975

0.680 1.000 1.8 2.6 2.6 391 576 576 42 2 35 655 39 616 218.035 1976

0.679 1.000 1.7 2.6 2.6 385 566 566 29 4 36 635 42 593 220.239 1977

0.678 1.000 1.5 2.3 2.3 343 506 506 15 18 30 569 29 540 222.585 1978

0.680 0.986 1.5 2.2 2.3 349 505 513 30 15 36 594 15 579 225.055 1979

0.675 0.977 1.5 2.1 2.2 338 489 501 21 6 53 581 30 551 227.726 1980

0.669 0.967 1.7 2.5 2.6 401 579 599 29 3 44 674 21 653 229.966 1981

0.658 0.950 1.7 2.5 2.6 398 575 605 18 3 23 650 29 621 232.188 1982

0.647 0.933 1.5 2.2 2.3 355 512 549 18 10 18 595 18 577 234.307 1983

0.647 0.932 1.5 2.1 2.3 347 500 536 12 2 26 577 18 559 236.348 1984

0.646 0.930 1.4 2.0 2.1 324 467 502 13 1 21 537 12 525 238.466 1985

0.640 0.921 1.4 2.1 2.3 347 499 542 8 3 16 569 13 556 240.651 1986

0.636 0.914 1.4 2.1 2.3 350 503 550 11 2 15 579 8 571 242.804 1987

0.620 0.888 1.3 1.9 2.1 325 466 525 14 3 26 567 11 556 245.021 1988

0.605 0.864 1.2 1.7 2.0 300 428 496 6 19 24 545 14 531 247.342 1989

0.603 0.862 1.2 1.7 1.9 291 417 483 9 13 25 530 6 523 249.949 1990

0.602 0.859 1.1 1.6 1.8 277 395 460 10 18 28 516 9 508 252.636 1991

0.608 0.870 1.1 1.6 1.8 283 405 466 10 13 41 530 10 520 255.382 1992

0.615 0.881 1.1 1.5 1.7 276 396 449 8 12 56 525 10 515 258.089 1993

0.612 0.875 0.9 1.3 1.5 245 351 401 14 12 90 517 8 509 260.602 1994

0.608 0.869 0.9 1.3 1.5 245 350 403 7 4 99 513 14 3 496 263.039 1995 

0.608 0.869 0.5 0.7 0.8 131 188 216 6 11 265 498 7 491 265.453 1996

0.608 0.869 0.2 0.3 0.4 59 84 97 7 28 384 516 6 510 267.901 1997 

0.608 0.869 0.2 0.2 0.2 41 58 67 6 28 430 531 7 524 270.290 1998 P

 P = Preliminary. 1/ Ready-to-cook carcass weight. 2/ Excludes the U.S. territories. 3/ Computed from unrounded data. 4/ Source: "Updated Conversion Factors and Retail and Boneless Weight BroilerConsumption Series," Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Situation and Outlook series, ERS, USDA, LDP-P-12, Nov. 18, 1996.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 55--Total chicken: Supply and utilization, 1970-98 1/

Utilization Supply U.S. 

Food disappearance 3/ Ship- total

Per capita Total Ending ments to Exports Total Begin- Imports Produc- population, Year

Boneless Retail Carcass Boneless Retail Carcass stocks U.S. terri- supply ning tion July 1

weight weight weight weight weight weight tories 3/ stocks 2/

------------ Pounds ------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ Million pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

27.4 40.1 40.1 5,620 8,228 8,228 164 86 97 8,574 110 8,464 205.052 1970

27.4 40.1 40.1 5,681 8,330 8,330 148 98 103 8,679 164 8,516 207.661 1971

28.3 41.5 41.5 5,946 8,718 8,718 111 106 100 9,036 148 8,887 209.896 1972

27.1 39.7 39.7 5,736 8,423 8,423 147 102 101 8,773 111 8,662 211.909 1973

27.0 39.6 39.6 5,770 8,473 8,473 175 110 125 8,883 147 8,736 213.854 1974

26.4 38.8 38.8 5,702 8,386 8,386 115 118 155 8,773 175 8,598 215.973 1975

28.5 41.9 41.9 6,213 9,136 9,136 155 129 322 9,742 115 9,628 218.035 1976

29.0 42.7 42.7 6,387 9,407 9,407 139 132 349 10,026 155 9,872 220.239 1977

30.4 44.8 44.8 6,762 9,974 9,974 102 144 361 10,581 139 10,442 222.585 1978

32.8 47.6 48.3 7,390 10,715 10,867 142 159 438 11,607 102 11,505 225.055 1979

32.7 47.3 48.4 7,443 10,774 11,027 136 161 620 11,945 142 11,803 227.726 1980

33.7 48.7 50.4 7,753 11,206 11,588 149 157 763 12,657 136 12,521 229.966 1981

33.9 48.9 51.5 7,867 11,358 11,956 135 150 524 12,766 149 12,617 232.188 1982

34.0 49.1 52.6 7,976 11,501 12,327 119 142 449 13,038 135 12,902 234.307 1983

35.3 50.8 54.5 8,333 12,004 12,880 139 147 433 13,599 119 13,480 236.348 1984

36.4 52.4 56.3 8,676 12,491 13,431 171 144 437 14,183 139 14,044 238.466 1985

37.2 53.5 58.1 8,950 12,880 13,985 187 152 582 14,907 171 14,736 240.651 1986

39.4 56.6 61.9 9,564 13,745 15,038 213 153 767 16,171 187 15,984 242.804 1987

39.6 56.7 63.8 9,693 13,883 15,634 192 159 791 16,776 213 16,563 245.021 1988

40.9 58.3 67.5 10,106 14,432 16,704 228 182 838 17,951 192 17,758 247.342 1989

42.4 60.7 70.4 10,609 15,166 17,594 250 168 1,168 19,181 228 18,953 249.949 1990

44.2 63.1 73.5 11,179 15,951 18,569 311 180 1,289 20,349 250 20,099 252.636 1991

46.7 66.9 76.8 11,932 17,074 19,625 378 202 1,530 21,735 311 1 21,423 255.382 1992

48.5 69.5 78.9 12,527 17,945 20,369 366 152 2,022 22,909 378 1 22,530 258.089 1993

49.3 70.4 80.5 12,841 18,359 20,982 472 122 2,966 24,542 366 1 24,175 260.602 1994 

48.8 69.8 80.3 12,847 18,362 21,130 567 109 3,993 25,799 472 4 25,323 263.039 1995 

49.8 71.2 81.9 13,216 18,889 21,737 647 117 4,685 27,186 567 4 26,615 265.453 1996

50.9 72.7 83.7 13,629 19,480 22,416 614 125 5,048 28,203 647 5 27,551 267.901 1997 

51.6 73.7 84.9 13,946 19,933 22,938 718 125 4,946 28,727 614 5 28,108 270.290 1998 P

 P = Preliminary. 1/ Ready-to-cook carcass weight. 2/ Excludes the U.S. territories. 3/ Computed from unrounded data. Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 56--Turkey: Supply and utilization, 1970-98 1/

Factors for Utilization Supply U.S. 

converting Food disappearance 5/ Ship- Begin- total

carcass weight Per capita Total Ending ments to Exports Total ning Imports Produc- population, Year

to boneless Boneless Carcass Boneless Carcass stocks U.S. terri- supply stocks tion July 1

weight 6/ weight weight weight weight 4/ tories 5/ 4/ 3/ 2/

Percent ------ Pounds ------- ----------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ------------------------------------------------------------ Millions 

0.790 6.4 8.1 1,310 1,659 219 8 35 1,921 192 1,729 205.052 1970

0.790 6.6 8.4 1,376 1,741 223 4 23 1,991 219 1,772 207.661 1971

0.790 7.1 9.0 1,487 1,883 208 5 36 2,132 223 1,909 209.896 1972

0.790 6.6 8.4 1,407 1,781 281 4 50 2,116 208 1,908 211.909 1973

0.790 6.8 8.7 1,464 1,854 275 3 40 2,171 281 1,890 213.854 1974

0.790 6.5 8.3 1,408 1,783 195 5 47 2,030 275 1,755 215.973 1975

0.790 7.0 8.9 1,530 1,936 203 6 65 2,211 195 2,016 218.035 1976

0.790 6.9 8.7 1,521 1,925 168 2 54 2,149 203 1,946 220.239 1977

0.790 6.9 8.7 1,532 1,939 175 6 51 2,171 168 2,003 222.585 1978

0.790 7.3 9.2 1,641 2,078 240 7 50 2,375 175 2,200 225.055 1979

0.790 8.1 10.2 1,841 2,331 198 6 75 2,610 240 2,370 227.726 1980

0.790 8.3 10.6 1,918 2,428 238 5 63 2,734 198 2,536 229.966 1981

0.790 8.3 10.6 1,936 2,451 204 5 51 2,711 238 2,472 232.188 1982

0.790 8.7 11.0 2,037 2,578 162 7 47 2,794 204 2,590 234.307 1983

0.790 8.7 11.0 2,057 2,604 125 7 27 2,763 162 2,601 236.348 1984

0.790 9.1 11.6 2,179 2,758 150 7 27 2,943 125 2,817 238.466 1985

0.790 10.2 12.9 2,446 3,097 178 4 27 3,305 150 3,155 240.651 1986

0.790 11.6 14.7 2,825 3,576 266 4 33 3,880 178 3,701 242.804 1987

0.790 12.4 15.7 3,033 3,839 250 5 51 4,145 266 3,879 245.021 1988

0.790 13.1 16.6 3,238 4,099 236 10 41 4,385 250 4,136 247.342 1989

0.790 13.8 17.5 3,459 4,378 306 12 54 4,750 236 4,514 249.949 1990

0.790 14.1 17.8 3,558 4,504 264 19 122 4,909 306 4,603 252.636 19910.790 14.1 17.8 3,597 4,553 272 15 202 5,041 264 4,777 255.382 19920.790 14.0 17.7 3,606 4,564 249 12 244 5,069 272 4,798 258.089 19930.790 14.1 17.8 3,663 4,637 254 15 280 5,186 249 4,937 260.602 1994 0.790 14.1 17.8 3,704 4,689 271 17 348 5,325 254 2 5,069 263.039 1995 0.790 14.6 18.4 3,866 4,894 328 13 438 5,673 271 1 5,401 265.453 1996 0.790 13.9 17.6 3,723 4,713 415 15 598 5,741 328 1 5,412 267.901 1997 0.790 14.2 18.0 3,847 4,869 309 15 438 5,631 415 1 5,215 270.290 1998 P

 P = Preliminary. 1/ Ready-to-cook carcass weight. 2/ Excludes the U.S. territories. 3/ Includes the quantity sold from and consumed on farms where produced. 4/ Stocks data in terms of product weight as reported. 5/ Computed from unrounded data. 6/ Conversion factor estimate is based on data from "Composition of Foods: Poultry Products... Raw, Processed, Prepared," AH-8-5, Science and Education Administration, USDA, revised August 1979.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 57--Eggs: Supply and utilization, 1970-98 1/

Factors Utilization Supply

for Food disappearance 3/ U. S.

converting Retail weight Farm weight Shipments Total Begin- Produc- total

farm to Ending Hatching to U.S. Exports supply ning Imports tion population, Year

retail Per Total Per Total Per Number Total stocks territories 3/ stocks July 1

 weight capita capita capita 2/

Percent Pounds Mil. lbs. Pounds Mil. lbs. Number Millions ------------------------------------------------------ Million dozen ------------------------------------------------------ Millions

0.9783 39.5 8,107 40.4 8,287 308.9 63,341 5,278 39 402 29 16 5,765 34 27 5,704 205.052 1970

0.9787 39.7 8,240 40.5 8,420 309.9 64,355 5,363 58 389 30 15 5,855 39 10 5,806 207.661 1971

0.9790 38.8 8,147 39.6 8,321 303.0 63,604 5,300 53 391 32 24 5,801 58 1 5,742 209.896 1972

0.9793 37.0 7,831 37.7 7,996 288.4 61,118 5,093 34 392 25 24 5,568 53 13 5,502 211.909 1973

0.9797 36.3 7,757 37.0 7,918 283.0 60,520 5,043 42 366 23 33 5,508 34 13 5,461 213.854 1974

0.9800 35.4 7,642 36.1 7,798 276.0 59,602 4,967 28 372 27 35 5,429 42 5 5,382 215.973 1975

0.9803 34.6 7,545 35.3 7,697 269.8 58,831 4,903 21 419 28 37 5,408 28 3 5,377 218.035 1976

0.9807 34.3 7,546 34.9 7,694 267.0 58,809 4,901 24 427 24 67 5,442 21 14 5,408 220.239 1977

0.9810 34.9 7,757 35.5 7,908 271.5 60,441 5,037 20 466 24 97 5,644 24 11 5,608 222.585 1978

0.9813 35.5 7,991 36.2 8,143 276.6 62,240 5,187 19 498 26 78 5,807 20 9 5,777 225.055 1979

0.9817 34.8 7,930 35.5 8,078 271.1 61,744 5,145 19 499 24 143 5,830 19 5 5,806 227.726 1980

0.9820 34.0 7,813 34.6 7,956 264.4 60,808 5,067 17 507 23 234 5,849 19 5 5,825 229.966 1981

0.9823 33.9 7,882 34.6 8,024 264.1 61,328 5,111 20 506 27 158 5,822 17 2 5,802 232.188 1982

0.9827 33.5 7,839 34.0 7,977 260.2 60,972 5,081 9 500 27 86 5,703 20 23 5,659 234.307 1983

0.9830 33.5 7,907 34.0 8,043 260.1 61,478 5,123 11 530 28 58 5,750 9 32 5,709 236.348 1984

0.9833 32.8 7,814 33.3 7,947 254.7 60,741 5,062 11 548 30 71 5,721 11 5,710 238.466 1985

0.9837 32.6 7,852 33.2 7,982 253.5 61,007 5,084 10 567 28 102 5,791 11 14 5,766 240.651 1986

0.9840 32.7 7,933 33.2 8,062 253.8 61,618 5,135 14 599 25 111 5,885 10 6 5,869 242.804 1987

0.9843 31.8 7,780 32.3 7,904 246.6 60,410 5,034 15 606 26 142 5,823 14 5 5,803 245.021 1988

0.9847 30.5 7,552 31.0 7,670 237.0 58,622 4,885 11 642 32 92 5,661 15 25 5,621 247.342 1989

0.9850 30.2 7,546 30.7 7,661 234.3 58,558 4,880 12 678 36 101 5,707 11 9 5,687 249.949 1990

0.9850 30.1 7,608 30.6 7,724 233.7 59,034 4,919 13 709 19 154 5,815 12 2 5,801 252.636 1991

0.9850 30.3 7,735 30.7 7,853 235.0 60,021 5,002 13 732 18 157 5,922 13 4 5,905 255.382 1992

0.9850 30.4 7,837 30.8 7,957 235.6 60,815 5,068 11 770 17 159 6,024 13 5 6,006 258.089 1993 

0.9850 30.6 7,981 31.1 8,103 237.7 61,934 5,161 15 805 24 188 6,193 11 4 6,179 260.602 1994

0.9850 30.3 7,979 30.8 8,100 235.4 61,913 5,159 11 847 23 209 6,250 15 4 6,231 263.039 1995 

0.9850 30.6 8,112 31.0 8,236 237.1 62,949 5,246 9 864 23 253 6,394 11 5 6,378 265.453 1996 

0.9850 30.8 8,240 31.2 8,366 238.7 63,943 5,329 7 895 30 228 6,489 9 7 6,473 267.901 1997

0.9850 31.4 8,493 31.9 8,623 243.8 65,906 5,492 8 923 30 219 6,672 7 6 6,659 270.290 1998 P

 P = Preliminary. 1/ Includes shell eggs and the approximate shell-egg equivalent of dried and frozen eggs. 2/ Excludes the U.S. territories. 3/ Computed from unrounded data. Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 58--All dairy products: Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance Ship- Production U.S. 

Per capita Total Ending Non- ments Total Begin- total Year

Com- USDA Com- USDA stocks food to U.S. Exports supply ning Imports For Fed Milk popuTotal mercial dona- Total mercial dona- 2/ use terri- 3/ stocks human to pro- lation,

sales tions sales tions 4/ tories 2/ use calves duction July 1

---------- Pounds ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Millions 

563.8 539.6 24.2 115,601 110,641 4,960 5,776 4/ 552 442 122,371 5,192 1,874 115,305 1,702 117,007 205.052 1970

557.9 533.4 24.5 115,860 110,771 5,089 5,073 4/ 568 2,552 124,053 5,776 1,346 116,931 1,635 118,566 207.661 1971

559.6 538.0 21.6 117,461 112,934 4,527 5,502 4/ 677 1,528 125,168 5,073 1,694 118,401 1,624 120,025 209.896 1972

554.8 537.3 17.5 117,566 113,860 3,706 4,401 4/ 638 664 123,269 5,502 3,860 113,907 1,584 115,491 211.909 1973

535.0 528.0 7.0 114,409 112,906 1,503 5,788 4/ 576 579 121,352 4,401 2,923 114,028 1,558 115,586 213.854 1974

539.1 528.4 10.8 116,438 114,113 2,325 3,803 4/ 496 552 121,289 5,788 1,669 113,832 1,566 115,398 215.973 1975

539.7 537.5 2.2 117,678 117,201 477 5,651 4/ 520 510 124,359 3,803 1,943 118,613 1,567 120,180 218.035 1976

540.2 526.5 13.7 118,976 115,961 3,015 8,761 4/ 527 468 128,732 5,651 1,968 121,113 1,541 122,654 220.239 1977

544.3 533.8 10.5 121,146 118,819 2,327 8,907 4/ 602 380 131,035 8,761 2,310 119,964 1,497 121,461 222.585 1978

548.2 537.6 10.7 123,376 120,979 2,397 8,723 4/ 620 401 133,120 8,907 2,305 121,908 1,442 123,350 225.055 1979

543.2 523.9 19.3 123,706 119,301 4,405 13,126 18 562 431 137,843 8,723 2,109 127,011 1,395 128,406 227.726 1980

540.6 522.2 18.4 124,315 120,079 4,236 18,552 11 586 3,343 146,807 13,126 2,329 131,352 1,418 132,770 229.966 1981

554.6 523.1 31.4 128,760 121,462 7,298 20,296 13 624 5,320 155,013 18,552 2,477 133,984 1,521 135,505 232.188 1982

572.9 522.1 50.8 134,223 122,331 11,892 22,851 17 577 3,313 160,981 20,296 2,617 138,068 1,520 139,588 234.307 1983

581.9 535.6 46.3 137,525 126,587 10,938 16,784 20 634 3,851 158,814 22,851 2,741 133,222 2,129 135,351 236.348 1984

593.7 546.2 47.4 141,572 130,257 11,315 13,682 21 566 4,986 160,827 16,784 2,776 141,267 1,745 143,012 238.466 1985

591.5 551.4 40.1 142,334 132,693 9,641 12,922 21 546 2,001 157,824 13,682 2,732 141,410 1,714 143,124 240.651 1986

601.2 557.1 44.1 145,982 135,265 10,717 7,473 19 602 2,446 156,522 12,922 2,490 141,110 1,599 142,709 242.804 1987

582.5 555.2 27.3 142,729 136,040 6,689 8,378 8 615 1,582 153,312 7,473 2,394 143,445 1,589 145,034 245.021 1988

563.8 542.2 21.6 139,459 134,114 5,345 9,036 4 779 3,995 153,273 8,378 2,498 142,397 1,496 143,893 247.342 1989

568.4 551.5 16.9 142,065 137,835 4,230 13,359 2 651 1,886 157,963 9,036 2,690 146,237 1,484 147,721 249.949 1990

565.6 546.3 19.3 142,896 138,012 4,884 15,840 1 619 2,845 162,201 13,359 2,625 146,217 1,480 147,697 252.636 1991

565.9 551.1 14.8 144,519 140,731 3,788 14,214 930 578 7,569 167,810 15,840 2,521 149,449 1,436 150,885 255.382 1992

574.1 559.2 15.0 148,177 144,315 3,862 9,570 1 552 7,894 166,194 14,214 2,806 149,174 1,408 150,582 258.089 1993

586.0 572.5 13.5 152,710 149,203 3,507 5,760 1 613 5,725 164,809 9,570 2,880 152,359 1,305 153,664 260.602 1994 

584.4 578.6 5.8 153,717 152,187 1,530 4,168 1 683 4,321 162,890 5,760 2,935 154,195 1,230 155,425 263.039 1995 

575.5 575.5 -- 152,779 152,778 1 4,714 1 612 2,075 160,181 4,168 2,944 153,069 1,190 154,259 265.453 1996

579.8 579.8 0.0 155,334 155,332 3 4,887 3 760 2,094 163,078 4,714 2,900 155,464 1,166 156,630 267.901 1997

 -- = Less than 0.01 pound. 1/ Milk equivalent of all dairy products calculated on a milkfat basis. 2/ Excludes cream and bulk condensed milk. 3/ Government and commercial. 4/ This is product for human use that is fed to animals or lost. Before 1980 this category is included in food disappearance. 1992 includes 926 million pounds of Commodity Credit Corporation supplies destroyed by fire.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 59--American cheese: Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance Ship- U.S.

Total Ending ments Total Begin- Pro- total Year

Per USDA stocks to U.S. Exports supply ning Imports duction population,

capita Total donations terri- stocks July 1

2/ tories

Pounds -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

7.0 1,439 46 254 12 4 1,709 265 16 1,428 205.052 1970

7.4 1,527 75 242 16 4 1,789 254 17 1,518 207.661 1971

7.7 1,619 46 269 17 4 1,909 242 15 1,652 209.896 1972

7.9 1,665 4 290 16 4 1,975 269 28 1,678 211.909 1973

8.5 1,814 43 421 24 5 2,264 290 112 1,862 213.854 1974

8.2 1,765 73 308 19 5 2,097 421 16 1,660 215.973 1975

8.9 1,942 25 412 16 6 2,376 308 14 2,054 218.035 1976

9.2 2,033 117 423 12 7 2,475 412 16 2,047 220.239 1977

9.5 2,125 70 379 12 4 2,520 423 18 2,079 222.585 1978

9.6 2,164 42 407 15 5 2,591 379 18 2,194 225.055 1979

9.6 2,196 181 592 13 5 2,806 407 18 2,381 227.726 1980

10.2 2,340 198 889 12 19 3,260 592 20 2,648 229.966 1981

11.3 2,632 474 982 15 37 3,666 889 18 2,759 232.188 1982

11.6 2,724 645 1,161 9 42 3,936 982 22 2,932 234.307 1983

11.9 2,801 560 961 12 59 3,833 1,161 24 2,648 236.348 1984

12.2 2,906 636 851 9 70 3,836 961 20 2,855 238.466 1985

12.1 2,917 560 697 9 49 3,672 851 23 2,798 240.651 1986

12.4 3,012 607 370 12 35 3,429 697 15 2,717 242.804 1987

11.5 2,818 257 293 10 24 3,145 370 18 2,757 245.021 1988

11.0 2,728 67 237 16 6 2,987 293 20 2,674 247.342 1989

11.1 2,783 21 347 13 9 3,152 237 21 2,894 249.949 1990

11.1 2,797 61 319 15 6 3,137 347 21 2,769 252.636 1991

11.3 2,892 6 350 17 14 3,274 319 18 2,937 255.382 1992 3/

11.4 2,944 19 359 16 8 3,327 350 20 2,957 258.089 1993

11.5 3,009 4 310 20 11 3,350 359 17 2,974 260.602 1994 

11.8 3,114 0 307 24 16 3,461 310 20 3,131 263.039 1995 

12.0 3,183 0 380 25 26 3,614 307 26 3,281 265.453 1996 

12.0 3,224 0 410 24 32 3,690 380 25 3,285 267.901 1997

 1/ Natural equivalent of cheese and cheese products (see table 13). Includes cheddar, Colby, washed curd, Monterey, and Jack. Excludes full-skim American. 2/ Domesticdisappearance from Government sources. May not match Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) commitments. 3/ Disappearance excludes 1 million pounds of CCC supplies destroyed by fire.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 60--Other cheese: Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance Ship- U.S. 

Ending ments Total Begin- total Year

Per stocks to U.S. Exports supply ning Imports Production population,

capita Total terri- stocks July 1

tories

Pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Million pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

4.4 892 70 5 3 970 52 145 773 205.052 19704.7 971 65 6 3 1,045 70 119 856 207.661 19715.3 1,110 62 6 3 1,181 65 164 952 209.896 19725.6 1,194 68 7 3 1,272 62 202 1,008 211.909 19735.9 1,267 73 4 3 1,347 68 204 1,075 213.854 19746.1 1,318 61 5 4 1,388 73 163 1,152 215.973 19756.6 1,441 67 10 3 1,521 61 193 1,267 218.035 19766.8 1,489 64 16 3 1,572 67 194 1,311 220.239 19777.3 1,623 78 22 6 1,729 64 224 1,441 222.585 19787.5 1,698 106 20 7 1,831 78 230 1,523 225.055 1979

7.9 1,795 99 20 8 1,922 106 213 1,603 227.726 1980

8.0 1,840 87 21 8 1,956 99 228 1,629 229.966 19818.6 1,989 83 22 26 2,120 87 251 1,782 232.188 1982

8.9 2,095 105 26 10 2,236 83 265 1,888 234.307 1983

9.6 2,275 101 29 8 2,413 105 282 2,026 236.348 1984

10.4 2,470 94 30 16 2,610 101 283 2,226 238.466 198511.0 2,646 92 31 8 2,777 94 272 2,411 240.651 1986

11.7 2,839 90 33 8 2,970 92 250 2,628 242.804 1987

12.2 2,992 105 33 9 3,139 90 234 2,815 245.021 198812.8 3,157 93 37 15 3,302 105 256 2,941 247.342 198913.5 3,373 111 36 17 3,537 93 277 3,167 249.949 1990

13.9 3,524 98 31 20 3,673 111 276 3,286 252.636 199114.7 3,749 121 29 18 3,917 98 267 3,552 255.382 1992

14.8 3,830 107 22 33 3,992 121 300 3,571 258.089 1993 

15.3 3,985 127 26 44 4,182 107 315 3,760 260.602 1994 

15.4 4,060 105 19 46 4,230 127 317 3,786 263.039 1995 

15.8 4,181 107 17 45 4,350 105 308 3,937 265.453 1996

16.0 4,286 70 29 51 4,436 107 285 4,044 267.901 1997

 1/ Natural equivalent of cheese and cheese products (see table 13). Includes Romano, Parmesan, mozzarella, ricotta, other Italian cheeses, Swiss, brick, Muenster, cream, Neufchatel, blue, Gorgonzola, Edam, Gouda, imports of Gruyere and Emmenthaler, and miscellaneous cheeses.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 61--Total cheese: Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance Ship- U.S. 

Total Ending ments Total Begin- Pro- total Year

Per USDA stocks to U.S. Exports supply ning Imports duction population,

capita Total donations terri- stocks July 1

2/ tories

Pounds ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

11.4 2,331 46 324 17 7 2,679 317 161 2,201 205.052 197012.0 2,498 75 307 22 7 2,834 324 136 2,374 207.661 197113.0 2,729 46 331 23 7 3,090 307 179 2,604 209.896 197213.5 2,859 4 358 23 7 3,247 331 230 2,686 211.909 197314.4 3,081 43 494 28 8 3,611 358 316 2,937 213.854 197414.3 3,083 73 369 24 9 3,485 494 179 2,812 215.973 197515.5 3,383 25 479 26 9 3,897 369 207 3,321 218.035 197616.0 3,522 117 487 28 10 4,047 479 210 3,358 220.239 1977

16.8 3,748 70 457 34 10 4,249 487 242 3,520 222.585 1978

17.2 3,862 42 513 35 12 4,422 457 248 3,717 225.055 1979

17.5 3,991 181 691 33 13 4,728 513 231 3,984 227.726 1980

18.2 4,180 198 976 33 27 5,216 691 248 4,277 229.966 1981

19.9 4,621 474 1,065 37 63 5,786 976 269 4,541 232.188 1982

20.6 4,819 645 1,266 35 52 6,172 1,065 287 4,820 234.307 1983

21.5 5,076 560 1,062 41 67 6,246 1,266 306 4,674 236.348 1984

22.5 5,376 636 945 39 86 6,446 1,062 303 5,081 238.466 1985

23.1 5,563 560 789 40 57 6,449 945 295 5,209 240.651 1986

24.1 5,851 607 460 45 43 6,399 789 265 5,345 242.804 1987

23.7 5,810 257 398 43 33 6,284 460 252 5,572 245.021 1988

23.8 5,885 67 330 53 21 6,289 398 276 5,615 247.342 1989

24.6 6,156 21 458 49 26 6,689 330 298 6,061 249.949 1990

25.0 6,321 61 417 46 26 6,810 458 297 6,055 252.636 1991

26.0 6,641 6 471 46 32 7,191 417 285 6,489 255.382 1992 3/

26.2 6,774 19 466 38 41 7,319 471 320 6,528 258.089 1993 

26.8 6,994 4 437 46 55 7,532 466 332 6,734 260.602 1994 

27.3 7,174 0 412 43 62 7,691 437 337 6,917 263.039 1995 

27.7 7,364 0 487 42 71 7,964 412 334 7,218 265.453 1996

28.0 7,510 0 480 53 83 8,126 487 310 7,329 267.901 1997

 1/ Natural equivalent of cheese and cheese products (see table 13). Includes all types of cheese except full-skim American and cottage, pot, and baker's cheese. 2/ Domesticdisappearance from Government sources. May not match Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) commitments. 3/ Disappearance excludes 1 million pounds of CCC suppliesdestroyed by fire.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 62--Condensed and evaporated whole milk: Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance Ship- U.S. 

Ending ments Total Begin- total Year

Per stocks to U.S. Exports supply ning Imports Production population,

capita Total 2/ terri- stocks July 1

tories 2/

Pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

7.0 1,437 116 63 50 1,666 150 3 1,513 205.052 1970

6.7 1,398 89 56 68 1,611 116 3 1,492 207.661 1971

6.3 1,318 81 72 55 1,526 89 2 1,435 209.896 19725.9 1,252 69 58 43 1,422 81 3 1,338 211.909 19735.5 1,177 79 58 43 1,357 69 3 1,285 213.854 19745.2 1,121 59 64 54 1,298 79 1 1,218 215.973 19754.9 1,067 71 76 49 1,263 59 1 1,203 218.035 19764.3 940 75 62 34 1,111 71 1 1,039 220.239 19774.0 901 70 81 37 1,089 75 1 1,013 222.585 19784.1 913 77 73 42 1,105 70 0 1,035 225.055 19793.8 857 52 70 43 1,022 77 0 945 227.726 19804.0 930 47 69 35 1,081 52 5 1,024 229.966 19814.0 926 53 84 20 1,083 47 7 1,029 232.188 19823.8 895 48 77 6 1,026 53 11 962 234.307 19833.7 881 42 79 8 1,010 48 10 952 236.348 19843.7 877 62 79 11 1,029 42 10 977 238.466 19853.6 877 51 66 11 1,005 62 10 933 240.651 19863.7 910 34 61 5 1,010 51 8 951 242.804 19873.5 857 45 62 8 972 34 9 929 245.021 19883.1 759 28 56 4 847 45 7 795 247.342 19893.2 788 59 40 1 888 28 7 853 249.949 19903.2 800 36 52 2 890 59 5 826 252.636 19913.2 820 45 49 3 917 36 5 876 255.382 19923.0 785 34 55 3 877 45 6 826 258.089 1993 2.6 668 47 60 5 780 34 4 742 260.602 1994 2.3 608 31 80 11 730 46 5 679 263.039 1995 2.3 611 20 69 10 710 31 0 679 265.453 19962.6 693 20 76 2 791 19 7 765 267.901 1997

 1/ Unskimmed, includes both bulk and case goods. 2/ Excludes bulk condensed milk.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 63--Nonfat dry milk: Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance Ship- U.S.

Total Ending Nonfood ments Total Begin- total Year

Per USDA stocks use to U.S. Exports supply ning Imports Production population,

capita Total donations 2/ terri- stocks 1/ July 1

3/ tories

Pounds ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Millions 

5.3 1,086 126 138 12 16 416 1,668 222 2 1,444 205.052 1970

5.2 1,088 130 90 5 17 358 1,558 138 2 1,418 207.661 1971

4.6 960 107 45 5 23 282 1,315 90 2 1,223 209.896 1972

5.3 1,114 58 75 3 19 18 1,229 45 267 917 211.909 1973

4.1 885 46 294 4 18 9 1,210 75 115 1,020 213.854 1974

3.3 704 36 469 5 6 113 1,297 294 2 1,001 215.973 1975

3.5 764 21 486 13 8 126 1,397 469 2 926 218.035 1976

3.3 729 31 678 24 8 156 1,595 486 2 1,107 220.239 1977

3.1 690 50 585 55 9 261 1,600 678 2 920 222.585 1978

3.3 739 50 486 74 12 185 1,496 585 2 909 225.055 1979

3.0 686 43 587 81 9 289 1,652 486 5 1,161 227.726 1980

2.1 493 49 890 50 15 456 1,904 587 3 1,314 229.966 1981

2.1 492 59 1,282 58 12 448 2,292 890 2 1,400 232.188 1982

2.2 524 91 1,406 77 8 769 2,784 1,282 2 1,500 234.307 1983

2.5 596 118 1,248 92 16 617 2,569 1,406 2 1,161 236.348 1984

2.3 540 120 1,011 96 10 984 2,641 1,248 3 1,390 238.466 1985

2.4 589 136 687 95 17 909 2,297 1,011 2 1,284 240.651 1986

2.5 603 149 177 85 27 856 1,748 687 3 1,058 242.804 1987

2.6 633 103 53 38 18 417 1,159 177 2 980 245.021 1988

2.1 526 9 49 19 16 321 931 53 3 875 247.342 1989

2.9 723 14 162 7 14 23 929 49 1 879 249.949 1990

2.6 656 22 215 6 15 149 1,041 162 1 878 252.636 1991

2.7 702 24 81 24 4 278 1,089 215 2 872 255.382 1992

2.5 634 11 90 6 1 305 1,036 81 1 954 258.089 1993 

3.5 914 18 131 5 1 271 1,322 90 1 1,231 260.602 1994 

3.5 910 18 85 6 2 362 1,365 131 1 1,233 263.039 1995 

3.8 1,005 5 71 5 1 70 1,152 85 5 1,062 265.453 1996 

3.4 907 12 125 5 2 258 1,296 71 7 1,218 267.901 1997

 1/ Human food only. 2/ Fed to animals or wasted. 1992 includes 13 million pounds of Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) supplies destroyed by fire. 3/ Domestic disappearancefrom Government sources. May not match CCC commitments.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 64--Butter: Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply U.S.

Food disappearance Begin- total

USDA Ending Shipments Exports Total ning Imports Production population, Year

Per Total donations stocks to U.S. 3/ supply stocks 1/ July 1

capita 4/ 2/ territories 2/

Pounds ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Millions 

5.4 1,106 168 119 7 2 1,234 89 2 1,143 205.052 1970

5.2 1,072 171 97 6 93 1,268 119 2 1,147 207.661 1971

5.0 1,040 159 107 10 44 1,201 97 2 1,102 209.896 1972

4.8 1,008 162 57 13 4 1,082 107 56 919 211.909 1973

4.5 965 48 49 6 1 1,021 57 2 962 213.854 1974

4.7 1,021 73 11 2 1 1,035 49 2 984 215.973 1975

4.3 941 9 47 3 1 992 11 2 979 218.035 19764.3 946 86 185 2 2 1,135 47 2 1,086 220.239 1977

4.4 969 75 207 4 1 1,181 185 2 994 222.585 19784.5 1,011 90 178 4 1 1,194 207 2 985 225.055 19794.5 1,017 123 305 2 1 1,325 178 2 1,145 227.726 19804.2 975 108 429 2 130 1,536 305 3 1,228 229.966 19814.3 1,010 131 467 2 210 1,689 429 3 1,257 232.188 19824.9 1,149 269 500 1 119 1,769 467 3 1,299 234.307 19834.9 1,163 261 310 2 131 1,606 500 3 1,103 236.348 19844.9 1,164 246 217 1 180 1,562 310 4 1,248 238.466 19854.6 1,114 201 252 2 55 1,423 217 4 1,202 240.651 19864.7 1,132 231 147 1 81 1,361 252 5 1,104 242.804 19874.5 1,102 195 215 1 41 1,359 147 5 1,207 245.021 19884.4 1,077 214 275 4 159 1,515 215 5 1,295 247.342 19894.4 1,095 182 417 2 68 1,582 275 5 1,302 249.949 19904.4 1,100 198 550 1 107 1,758 417 5 1,336 252.636 19914.4 1,114 171 455 1 307 1,919 550 4 1,365 255.382 1992 5/4.7 1,209 169 244 1 320 1,774 455 4 1,315 258.089 19934.8 1,255 159 80 1 207 1,543 244 3 1,296 260.602 1994 

4.5 1,186 70 19 3 140 1,348 80 4 1,264 263.039 1995 

4.3 1,148 0 14 1 41 1,204 19 11 1,174 265.453 1996 

4.2 1,114 0 21 2 39 1,176 13 12 1,151 267.901 1997

 1/ Includes butter-equivalent of butteroil. 2/ Includes estimates of butteroil, ghee, and anhydrous milkfat held by the Government in 1970-83. 3/ Includes available data on butterequivalent of butteroil, ghee, and anhydrous milkfat. Includes commercial and USDA exports. 4/ May not match Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) commitments. 5/ Disappearance excludes 42 million pounds of CCC supplies destroyed by fire.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 65--Lard (direct use): Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply U.S.

Food disappearance total

Indirect Ending Exports Total Beginning Imports Production population, Year

Per Total use stocks supply stocks 1/ July 1

capita 2/

Pounds -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

4.6 939 543 82 419 1,983 70 -- 1,913 205.052 1970

4.2 880 717 100 345 2,042 82 -- 1,960 207.661 1971

3.7 787 623 51 189 1,650 100 -- 1,550 209.896 1972

3.3 704 435 44 122 1,305 51 -- 1,254 211.909 1973

3.2 681 511 36 182 1,410 44 -- 1,366 213.854 1974

3.2 688 244 28 88 1,048 36 -- 1,012 215.973 1975

2.9 638 235 34 181 1,088 28 -- 1,060 218.035 1976

2.5 557 304 29 182 1,072 34 -- 1,038 220.239 1977

2.4 530 347 38 120 1,035 29 -- 1,006 222.585 1978

2.5 569 452 50 96 1,167 38 -- 1,129 225.055 1979

2.6 589 527 49 92 1,257 50 -- 1,207 227.726 1980

2.5 573 448 37 150 1,208 49 -- 1,159 229.966 1981

2.5 586 322 37 103 1,048 37 -- 1,011 232.188 1982

2.1 488 399 34 89 1,010 37 -- 973 234.307 1983

2.1 491 354 39 89 973 34 -- 939 236.348 1984

1.8 426 400 35 105 966 39 -- 927 238.466 1985

1.7 417 368 22 104 911 35 -- 876 240.651 1986

1.8 441 304 33 107 885 22 -- 863 242.804 1987

1.8 433 368 37 127 965 33 -- 932 245.021 1988

1.8 442 388 32 110 972 37 -- 935 247.342 1989

1.9 468 364 25 97 954 32 3 919 249.949 1990

1.7 429 393 37 121 980 25 3 952 252.636 1991

1.7 425 480 23 136 1,064 37 2 1,025 255.382 1992

1.7 449 430 38 114 1,031 23 3 1,005 258.089 1993 

2.3 599 298 41 137 1,075 38 3 1,034 260.602 1994 

2.2 584 336 38 124 1,082 41 1 1,040 263.039 1995

2.3 605 312 19 101 1,037 38 1 998 265.453 1996

2.3 616 285 22 90 1,013 19 1 993 267.901 1997

 -- = Not available. 1/ Production includes estimates of federally inspected lard, other commercial lard, and estimates of onfarm lard production until 1976. The period 1977-78 includes federally inspected and onfarm lard production. Since 1980, only federally inspected lard production is included. 2/ Lard use in indirect food use such as table spreads and baking and frying fats. Includes some lard used in nonfood use.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 66--Margarine: Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply U.S.

Food disappearance Shipments total

Ending to Exports Total Beginning Produc- population, Year

Per Total stocks U.S. 2/ supply stocks tion July 1

capita territories

Pounds ----------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------ Millions 

10.8 2,223 46 2/ 13 2,282 52 2,230 205.052 1970

10.9 2,266 57 2/ 13 2,336 46 2,290 207.661 1971

11.1 2,339 69 2/ 13 2,421 57 2,364 209.896 1972

11.1 2,354 61 2/ 13 2,428 69 2,359 211.909 1973

11.1 2,380 64 2/ 15 2,459 61 2,398 213.854 1974

11.0 2,386 60 12 5 2,463 64 2,399 215.973 197511.9 2,601 67 14 6 2,688 60 2,628 218.035 197611.4 2,502 80 13 7 2,602 67 2,535 220.239 197711.3 2,508 70 15 7 2,600 80 2,520 222.585 197811.2 2,517 81 18 7 2,623 70 2,553 225.055 197911.3 2,576 74 16 8 2,674 81 2,593 227.726 198011.1 2,557 61 16 17 2,651 74 2,577 229.966 1981

11.0 2,564 62 18 13 2,657 61 2,596 232.188 1982

10.4 2,431 55 15 12 2,513 62 2,451 234.307 1983

10.4 2,456 55 16 9 2,536 55 2,481 236.348 198410.8 2,573 61 15 9 2,658 55 2,603 238.466 198511.4 2,746 81 15 8 2,850 61 2,789 240.651 198610.5 2,551 63 14 8 2,636 81 2,554 242.804 198710.3 2,529 62 15 8 2,614 63 2,549 245.021 198810.2 2,513 61 13 7 2,594 62 2,531 247.342 198910.9 2,716 92 15 7 2,830 61 2,768 249.949 199010.6 2,672 91 19 9 2,791 92 2,698 252.636 199111.0 2,804 75 18 13 2,910 91 2,818 255.382 1992

11.1 2,870 66 18 15 2,969 75 2,892 258.089 1993 

9.9 2,588 67 17 21 2,693 66 2,623 260.602 1994 9.2 2,421 58 42 36 2,557 62 2,490 263.039 19959.2 2,432 44 39 29 2,544 58 2,480 265.453 19968.6 2,297 50 42 29 2,418 44 2,367 267.901 1997

 1/ Product weight. 2/ Shipments to U.S. territories included under exports before 1975.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 67--Shortening: Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply U.S.

Food disappearance Shipments Begin- Production total

Ending to Exports Total ning population, Year

Per capita Total stocks U.S. 2/ supply stocks Total Animal Vegetable July 1

1/ territories 1/ fat oil

Pounds -------------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

17.3 3,557 133 2/ 37 3,727 139 3,588 NA NA 205.052 1970

16.8 3,489 128 2/ 31 3,648 133 3,515 NA NA 207.661 1971

17.6 3,699 127 2/ 33 3,859 128 3,731 NA NA 209.896 1972

17.0 3,613 115 2/ 35 3,763 127 3,636 NA NA 211.909 1973

16.9 3,623 134 2/ 61 3,818 115 3,703 NA NA 213.854 1974

17.0 3,666 125 13 43 3,847 134 3,713 874 2,839 215.973 1975

17.7 3,861 128 14 51 4,054 125 3,929 896 3,033 218.035 1976

17.2 3,796 113 14 46 3,969 128 3,841 968 2,873 220.239 1977

17.8 3,970 107 17 34 4,128 113 4,015 1,076 2,939 222.585 1978

18.4 4,139 132 17 25 4,313 107 4,206 1,029 3,177 225.055 1979

18.2 4,137 131 13 29 4,310 132 4,178 1,062 3,116 227.726 1980

18.5 4,250 120 12 40 4,422 131 4,291 1,039 3,252 229.966 1981

18.6 4,322 133 10 34 4,499 120 4,379 930 3,449 232.188 1982

18.5 4,334 131 11 20 4,496 133 4,363 909 3,454 234.307 1983

21.3 5,031 129 9 30 5,199 131 5,068 1,114 3,954 236.348 1984

22.9 5,465 127 12 30 5,634 129 5,505 1,201 4,304 238.466 1985

22.1 5,318 137 10 36 5,501 127 5,374 1,136 4,238 240.651 1986

21.4 5,194 139 10 31 5,374 137 5,237 1,005 4,232 242.804 1987

21.5 5,270 145 12 40 5,467 139 5,328 1,087 4,241 245.021 1988

21.5 5,309 119 13 19 5,460 145 5,315 1,027 4,288 247.342 1989

22.2 5,559 116 13 21 5,709 119 5,590 860 4,730 249.949 1990

22.4 5,650 147 8 35 5,840 116 5,724 720 5,004 252.636 1991

22.4 5,722 101 10 33 5,866 147 5,719 731 4,988 255.382 1992 

25.1 6,487 94 7 37 6,625 101 6,524 706 5,818 258.089 1993

24.1 6,293 90 14 32 6,429 95 6,334 676 5,658 260.602 1994 

22.5 5,914 106 12 33 6,065 90 5,975 659 5,316 263.039 1995

22.3 5,911 81 3 40 6,035 106 5,929 603 5,327 265.453 1996

20.9 5,604 91 3 39 5,737 81 5,656 622 5,034 267.901 1997

 NA = Not available. 1/ Excludes quantities held by consuming factories. 2/ Shipments to U.S. territories are included under exports before 1975.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 67--Shortening: Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply U.S.

Food disappearance Shipments Begin- Production total

Ending to Exports Total ning population, Year

Per capita Total stocks U.S. 2/ supply stocks Total Animal Vegetable July 1

1/ territories 1/ fat oil

Pounds -------------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

17.3 3,557 133 2/ 37 3,727 139 3,588 NA NA 205.052 1970

16.8 3,489 128 2/ 31 3,648 133 3,515 NA NA 207.661 1971

17.6 3,699 127 2/ 33 3,859 128 3,731 NA NA 209.896 1972

17.0 3,613 115 2/ 35 3,763 127 3,636 NA NA 211.909 1973

16.9 3,623 134 2/ 61 3,818 115 3,703 NA NA 213.854 1974

17.0 3,666 125 13 43 3,847 134 3,713 874 2,839 215.973 1975

17.7 3,861 128 14 51 4,054 125 3,929 896 3,033 218.035 1976

17.2 3,796 113 14 46 3,969 128 3,841 968 2,873 220.239 1977

17.8 3,970 107 17 34 4,128 113 4,015 1,076 2,939 222.585 1978

18.4 4,139 132 17 25 4,313 107 4,206 1,029 3,177 225.055 1979

18.2 4,137 131 13 29 4,310 132 4,178 1,062 3,116 227.726 1980

18.5 4,250 120 12 40 4,422 131 4,291 1,039 3,252 229.966 1981

18.6 4,322 133 10 34 4,499 120 4,379 930 3,449 232.188 1982

18.5 4,334 131 11 20 4,496 133 4,363 909 3,454 234.307 1983

21.3 5,031 129 9 30 5,199 131 5,068 1,114 3,954 236.348 1984

22.9 5,465 127 12 30 5,634 129 5,505 1,201 4,304 238.466 1985

22.1 5,318 137 10 36 5,501 127 5,374 1,136 4,238 240.651 1986

21.4 5,194 139 10 31 5,374 137 5,237 1,005 4,232 242.804 1987

21.5 5,270 145 12 40 5,467 139 5,328 1,087 4,241 245.021 1988

21.5 5,309 119 13 19 5,460 145 5,315 1,027 4,288 247.342 1989

22.2 5,559 116 13 21 5,709 119 5,590 860 4,730 249.949 1990

22.4 5,650 147 8 35 5,840 116 5,724 720 5,004 252.636 1991

22.4 5,722 101 10 33 5,866 147 5,719 731 4,988 255.382 1992 

25.1 6,487 94 7 37 6,625 101 6,524 706 5,818 258.089 1993

24.1 6,293 90 14 32 6,429 95 6,334 676 5,658 260.602 1994 

22.5 5,914 106 12 33 6,065 90 5,975 659 5,316 263.039 1995

22.3 5,911 81 3 40 6,035 106 5,929 603 5,327 265.453 1996

20.9 5,604 91 3 39 5,737 81 5,656 622 5,034 267.901 1997

 NA = Not available. 1/ Excludes quantities held by consuming factories. 2/ Shipments to U.S. territories are included under exports before 1975.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 68--Salad and cooking oils: Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply U.S.

Food disappearance total

Ending Exports Total Beginning Imports Produc- population, Year

Per capita Total stocks supply stocks Edible Olive tion July 1

2/ rapeseed oil 1/ oil

Pounds --------------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

15.4 3,153 76 293 3,522 71 62 3,389 205.052 1970

15.6 3,242 76 320 3,638 76 62 3,500 207.661 1971

16.8 3,530 86 398 4,014 76 67 3,871 209.896 1972

17.7 3,747 74 218 4,039 86 60 3,893 211.909 1973

18.1 3,861 97 280 4,238 74 53 4,111 213.854 1974

17.9 3,860 91 161 4,112 97 48 3,967 215.973 1975

19.5 4,243 104 149 4,496 91 62 4,343 218.035 1976

19.1 4,207 105 193 4,505 104 54 4,347 220.239 1977

20.1 4,484 123 422 5,029 105 62 4,862 222.585 1978

20.8 4,690 141 445 5,276 123 53 5,100 225.055 1979

21.2 4,837 122 406 5,365 141 57 5,167 227.726 1980

21.8 5,008 110 435 5,553 122 61 5,370 229.966 1981

21.9 5,080 123 421 5,624 110 64 5,450 232.188 1982

23.6 5,524 113 332 5,969 123 71 5,775 234.307 1983

22.5 5,319 92 403 5,814 113 87 5,614 236.348 1984

23.6 5,620 112 410 6,142 92 6 105 5,939 238.466 1985

24.4 5,871 147 284 6,302 112 40 114 6,036 240.651 1986

25.6 6,222 135 330 6,687 147 66 140 6,334 242.804 1987

26.3 6,448 123 276 6,847 135 124 179 6,409 245.021 1988

24.4 6,040 126 337 6,503 123 100 157 6,123 247.342 1989

24.8 6,195 121 214 6,530 126 155 213 6,036 249.949 1990

26.7 6,743 136 137 7,016 121 377 208 6,310 252.636 1991

27.2 6,946 100 245 7,291 136 412 252 6,491 255.382 1992 

26.8 6,907 125 259 7,291 100 454 267 6,470 258.089 1993 

26.3 6,846 98 487 7,431 125 481 278 6,547 260.602 1994 

26.9 7,066 94 515 7,675 98 582 270 6,725 263.039 1995

26.1 6,934 115 541 7,590 94 606 249 6,641 265.453 1996

28.7 7,689 106 706 8,501 115 593 360 7,433 267.901 1997

 1/ Edible rapeseed (canola) oil was introduced to the U.S. market in 1985. 2/ Includes shipments to U.S. territories. Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 69--Peanuts (farmers' stock basis): Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply U.S.

Food disappearance Seed, loss, total

Kernel basis 4/ Ending shrinkage, Total Begin- Produc- population, Year

Farmers' stocks Crush and Exports supply ning Imports tion January 1 1/

Per Total stock 3/ residual stocks of following

capita basis 3/ 2/ year

Pounds --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

5.5 1,141 1,518 453 799 277 290 3,337 353 1 2,983 206.466 1970

5.5 1,139 1,515 392 814 187 552 3,460 453 2 3,005 208.917 1971

5.7 1,212 1,612 429 850 257 521 3,669 392 2 3,275 210.985 1972

6.0 1,287 1,712 553 683 247 709 3,904 429 1 3,474 212.932 1973

5.8 1,251 1,664 1,146 590 82 740 4,222 553 1 3,668 214.931 1974

6.0 1,308 1,740 1,060 1,447 313 434 4,994 1,146 1 3,847 217.095 1975

5.6 1,229 1,635 608 1,108 666 783 4,800 1,060 1 3,739 219.179 1976

5.7 1,259 1,675 581 487 556 1,025 4,324 608 1 3,715 221.477 1977

5.9 1,323 1,759 586 527 521 1,141 4,534 581 1 3,952 223.865 1978

5.9 1,336 1,777 628 571 522 1,057 4,555 586 1 3,968 226.451 1979

4.8 1,102 1,465 413 446 505 503 3,332 628 401 2,303 228.937 1980

5.5 1,275 1,696 757 573 795 576 4,397 413 2 3,982 231.157 1981

6.0 1,390 1,849 864 342 463 681 4,199 757 2 3,440 233.322 1982

5.9 1,395 1,856 611 387 564 744 4,162 864 2 3,296 235.385 1983

6.1 1,437 1,911 1,424 625 199 860 5,019 611 2 4,406 237.468 1984

6.3 1,521 2,023 845 812 826 1,043 5,549 1,424 2 4,123 239.638 1985

6.4 1,559 2,073 1,003 514 291 663 4,544 845 2 3,697 241.784 1986

6.4 1,557 2,071 833 560 539 618 4,621 1,003 2 3,616 243.981 1987

6.9 1,695 2,254 843 814 217 688 4,816 833 2 3,981 246.224 1988

7.0 1,738 2,312 701 624 209 989 4,835 843 2 3,990 248.659 1989

6.0 1,519 2,020 683 689 287 652 4,331 701 27 3,603 251.370 1990

6.5 1,659 2,207 1,055 1,103 253 997 5,615 683 5 4,927 254.024 1991

6.2 1,595 2,122 1,350 891 27 951 5,341 1,055 2 4,284 256.836 1992

6.0 1,560 2,088 1,061 670 375 550 4,744 1,350 2 3,392 259.417 1993

5.8 1,511 2,009 1,198 982 315 878 5,382 1,061 74 4,247 261.865 1994 

5.7 1,498 1,993 758 999 238 824 4,812 1,198 153 3,461 264.281 1995 

5.7 1,527 2,031 795 692 362 666 4,546 758 127 3,661 266.753 1996

5.8 1,567 2,084 754 544 410 681 4,473 795 141 3,537 269.182 1997

 1/ Beginning August of year indicated. 2/ August 1 stocks in all positions; includes oil-stock peanuts, as reported by National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA. 3/ Current estimates for farm use and local sales are not available, so these are now included as part of the residual. 4/ Computed by dividing farmers' stock basis figure by 1.33.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 70--Fresh citrus fruits (farm weight): Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance 3/ Crop

Per capita 4/ Exports Total Imports Production year

Total supply 2/

Retail Farm 3/

----------- Pounds ----------- --------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ----------------------------------------------------

27.9 28.8 5,903 1,109 7,025 111 6,914 1970

28.1 29.0 6,017 1,035 7,064 112 6,951 1971

26.3 27.2 5,693 1,418 7,129 117 7,012 1972

26.3 27.2 5,760 1,475 7,256 132 7,125 1973

26.2 27.1 5,781 1,648 7,446 120 7,326 1974

28.0 29.0 6,250 2,046 8,313 98 8,215 1975

27.6 28.5 6,207 2,057 8,282 65 8,217 1976

25.3 26.1 5,748 2,055 7,817 130 7,687 1977

25.4 26.2 5,827 1,815 7,652 102 7,550 1978

22.2 23.0 5,162 2,074 7,250 161 7,089 1979

25.2 26.1 5,923 2,364 8,298 107 8,190 1980

22.7 23.5 5,389 2,344 7,741 98 7,643 1981

22.6 23.4 5,427 2,018 7,450 112 7,339 1982

27.0 28.0 6,541 2,410 8,959 92 8,867 1983

21.8 22.5 5,317 2,063 7,383 128 7,255 1984

20.8 21.5 5,111 1,967 7,081 109 6,972 1985

23.4 24.2 5,817 2,173 7,992 191 7,801 1986

23.1 23.9 5,800 2,440 8,241 161 8,081 1987

24.6 25.4 6,211 2,350 8,561 183 8,378 1988

22.8 23.6 5,818 2,704 8,522 175 8,347 1989

20.7 21.4 5,331 2,179 7,510 184 7,327 1990

18.4 19.1 4,805 1,846 6,650 343 6,307 1991

23.5 24.4 6,208 2,450 8,657 298 8,359 1992

25.1 26.0 6,691 2,526 9,217 297 8,920 1993

24.1 25.0 6,495 2,545 9,040 372 8,668 1994 

23.3 24.1 6,333 2,751 9,084 449 8,635 1995

24.1 24.9 6,610 2,567 9,177 445 8,732 1996

25.9 26.8 7,169 2,719 9,888 499 9,389 1997

 1/ Includes oranges, grapefruit, lemons, limes, tangerines, tangelos, temples, and mandarins. 2/ Beginning in year preceding that indicated. 3/ Computed from unrounded data. 4/ Uses U.S. total population, July 1, for oranges, tangerines, tangelos, temples, and mandarins and January 1 for everything else.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 71--Fresh apples (farm weight): Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply U.S. total

Food disappearance 3/ population, Crop

Per capita Exports Total Imports Production January 1 year

Total supply 2/ of following 1/

Retail Farm 3/ year

----------- Pounds ----------- ----------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ------------------------------------------------------ Millions 

16.3 17.0 3,513 102 3,627 95 3,532 206.466 1970

15.8 16.4 3,431 119 3,564 80 3,484 208.917 197114.9 15.5 3,277 150 3,446 104 3,342 210.985 197215.5 16.1 3,434 182 3,629 90 3,539 212.932 197315.7 16.4 3,526 233 3,770 79 3,691 214.931 197418.7 19.5 4,230 236 4,476 119 4,357 217.095 1975

16.4 17.1 3,744 268 4,019 103 3,916 219.179 197615.9 16.5 3,658 317 3,983 124 3,860 221.477 1977

17.2 17.9 4,017 337 4,368 157 4,210 223.865 1978

16.5 17.1 3,881 545 4,442 153 4,289 226.451 1979

18.4 19.2 4,395 697 5,111 177 4,934 228.937 1980

16.2 16.8 3,895 683 4,592 150 4,442 231.157 1981

16.8 17.5 4,092 630 4,734 198 4,537 233.322 1982

17.5 18.3 4,300 544 4,854 234 4,621 235.385 1983

17.6 18.4 4,358 528 4,897 242 4,655 237.468 1984

16.6 17.3 4,136 390 4,536 315 4,222 239.638 1985

17.1 17.8 4,314 446 4,774 310 4,464 241.784 1986

20.0 20.8 5,082 781 5,873 263 5,610 243.981 1987

19.0 19.8 4,884 603 5,487 256 5,230 246.224 1988

20.4 21.2 5,276 774 6,050 228 5,822 248.659 1989

18.8 19.6 4,927 818 5,745 230 5,515 251.370 1990

17.5 18.2 4,618 1,132 5,750 303 5,447 254.024 1991

18.5 19.3 4,944 1,082 6,026 259 5,767 256.836 1992

18.4 19.2 4,972 1,391 6,363 239 6,124 259.417 1993

18.8 19.6 5,126 1,527 6,653 287 6,366 261.865 1994

18.2 19.0 5,009 1,217 6,227 383 5,843 264.281 1995

18.2 19.0 5,070 1,518 6,589 373 6,215 266.753 1996

17.7 18.5 4,970 1,209 6,180 356 5,823 269.182 1997

 1/ Beginning in August of year indicated. 2/ Commercial production only. 3/ Computed from unrounded data.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 72--Other fresh noncitrus fruits (farm weight): Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance 3/

Per capita 4/ Exports Total Imports Production Year

Total supply 2/

Retail Farm 3/

----------- Pounds ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds --------------------------------------------------------------

52.2 55.3 11,349 470 11,823 4,108 7,715 197052.1 54.9 11,418 562 11,983 4,241 7,743 197149.4 52.0 10,931 484 11,421 4,282 7,139 197250.4 53.1 11,260 547 11,813 4,366 7,446 197349.5 52.1 11,153 551 11,709 4,517 7,192 197450.6 53.3 11,523 578 12,107 4,331 7,776 197553.1 55.9 12,211 536 12,749 4,791 7,958 197654.1 57.0 12,571 571 13,145 4,886 8,259 197756.2 59.2 13,178 766 13,948 5,260 8,688 197857.1 60.0 13,513 858 14,377 5,502 8,875 197956.7 59.6 13,577 878 14,461 5,504 8,957 198060.1 63.3 14,567 945 15,518 5,659 9,858 198163.0 66.4 15,431 930 16,366 6,272 10,094 198260.5 63.8 14,958 917 15,877 6,046 9,830 198368.0 71.7 16,960 950 17,912 6,580 11,333 198468.1 71.9 17,147 939 18,089 6,959 11,130 198571.5 75.3 18,136 1,000 19,139 7,839 11,300 1986

72.8 76.8 18,672 1,190 19,865 7,991 11,874 1987

71.7 75.7 18,553 1,215 19,768 7,848 11,920 1988

73.9 78.1 19,319 1,454 20,773 8,542 12,231 1989

71.4 75.4 18,847 1,444 20,292 8,498 11,794 1990

71.8 75.8 19,141 1,482 20,623 8,929 11,695 1991

75.7 79.9 20,427 1,580 22,007 9,382 12,625 1992

75.7 79.7 20,627 1,652 22,279 9,331 12,948 1993

77.7 82.0 21,355 1,845 23,199 10,008 13,192 1994 

77.4 81.5 21,479 1,732 23,211 10,173 13,037 1995

80.5 85.1 22,592 1,751 24,343 10,866 13,478 1996

83.2 87.9 23,581 2,098 25,679 11,303 14,376 1997

 1/ Includes apricots, avocados, bananas, cantaloupes, cherries, cranberries, grapes, honeydew, kiwifruit, mangos, melons, nectarines, papayas, peaches, pears, pineapples, plums, prunes, strawberries, and watermelon. 2/ All noncitrus fruit are on a calendar-year basis except grapes and pears, which are on a crop-year (beginning July of year indicated) basis. 3/ Computed from unrounded data. 4/ Uses U.S. total population, July 1 for everything except grapes and pears, which use January 1 of the year following that indicated.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 73--Total fresh fruits (farm weight): Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance 2/

Per capita 3/ Exports Total Imports Production Year

Total supply 1/

Retail Farm 2/

------------ Pounds ------------ -------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ---------------------------------------------------------------

96.5 101.2 20,765 1,681 22,475 4,314 18,161 1970

95.9 100.3 20,866 1,716 22,611 4,434 18,178 197190.6 94.8 19,901 2,051 21,995 4,503 17,492 197292.2 96.4 20,454 2,204 22,699 4,588 18,111 197391.4 95.6 20,460 2,431 22,924 4,716 18,209 197497.3 101.8 22,003 2,860 24,896 4,548 20,348 197597.1 101.5 22,162 2,860 25,051 4,960 20,091 197695.2 99.7 21,977 2,943 24,946 5,140 19,806 197798.8 103.4 23,022 2,918 25,968 5,519 20,449 197895.8 100.1 22,557 3,477 26,069 5,816 20,253 1979

100.3 104.8 23,895 3,939 27,870 5,788 22,081 1980

99.0 103.6 23,852 3,972 27,851 5,907 21,943 1981

102.5 107.4 24,950 3,578 28,551 6,581 21,970 1982105.1 110.0 25,799 3,870 29,689 6,372 23,318 1983107.4 112.6 26,635 3,541 30,192 6,950 23,242 1984105.4 110.6 26,394 3,297 29,706 7,382 22,324 1985112.0 117.3 28,267 3,619 31,905 8,340 23,565 1986116.0 121.6 29,553 4,411 33,979 8,414 25,565 1987115.3 120.9 29,648 4,168 33,815 8,288 25,527 1988117.0 122.8 30,413 4,932 35,345 8,945 26,400 1989110.9 116.3 29,105 4,441 33,547 8,911 24,635 1990107.6 113.0 28,564 4,460 33,024 9,575 23,449 1991117.7 123.5 31,579 5,111 36,690 9,939 26,751 1992119.2 124.9 32,290 5,569 37,859 9,867 27,991 1993120.6 126.5 32,976 5,916 38,892 10,667 28,226 1994 118.9 124.6 32,822 5,700 38,521 11,006 27,515 1995122.8 129.0 34,272 5,836 40,109 11,684 28,425 1996126.9 133.2 35,721 6,026 41,747 12,158 29,588 1997

 1/ Citrus fruits are on a crop-year basis beginning in year preceding that indicated. Noncitrus fruits are on a calendar-year basis except apples (August), grapes, and pears (July),which are on a crop year basis beginning in year indicated. 2/ Computed from unrounded data. 3/ Uses U.S. total population, July 1, for everything except lemons, limes, and grapefruit,which use January 1 of year indicated, and apples, grapes, and pears, which use January 1 of the year following that indicated.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 74--Total tree nuts (shelled basis): Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply U.S. total

Food disappearance 4/ Total Begin- Marketable population, Crop

Per Ending Exports supply ning Imports production January 1 of year

capita Total stocks 4/ stocks 3/ following year 2/

Pounds --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

1.74 359.8 75.7 96.8 532.3 84.9 149.1 298.3 206.466 1970

1.89 395.5 81.2 124.3 601.1 75.7 151.8 373.6 208.917 1971

1.96 414.4 55.9 105.2 575.5 81.2 177.8 316.5 210.985 1972

1.76 374.6 127.7 115.6 617.9 55.9 152.4 409.6 212.932 1973

1.58 339.3 152.9 144.7 636.8 127.7 116.4 392.7 214.931 1974

1.94 421.3 136.8 189.5 747.6 152.9 167.0 427.8 217.095 1975

1.91 418.1 114.5 218.1 750.8 136.8 161.4 452.6 219.179 1976

1.71 378.8 156.2 233.2 768.2 114.5 106.4 547.3 221.477 1977

1.71 382.2 127.3 174.6 684.1 156.2 124.8 403.2 223.865 1978

1.74 394.6 172.5 294.3 861.5 127.3 121.9 612.2 226.451 1979

1.79 409.7 169.1 262.0 840.7 172.5 101.1 567.1 228.937 1980

1.92 443.1 275.4 279.7 998.2 169.1 92.6 736.6 231.157 1981

2.16 503.7 315.0 234.3 1,053.0 275.4 123.3 654.3 233.322 1982

2.25 530.3 222.4 219.3 972.0 315.0 147.0 510.0 235.385 1983

2.37 563.1 331.5 318.1 1,212.7 222.4 139.9 850.4 237.468 1984

2.45 586.2 265.1 393.0 1,244.3 331.5 151.1 761.7 239.638 1985

2.21 534.8 186.2 240.6 961.6 265.1 143.0 553.5 241.784 1986

2.20 536.3 356.8 426.1 1,319.2 186.2 132.4 1,000.6 243.981 1987

2.29 563.3 404.7 456.1 1,424.1 356.8 126.7 940.6 246.224 1988

2.23 554.7 326.2 488.2 1,369.1 404.7 169.8 794.6 248.659 1989

2.42 609.6 354.0 522.6 1,486.1 326.2 198.4 961.5 251.370 1990

2.16 547.7 262.5 563.7 1,373.9 354.0 171.1 848.9 254.024 1991

2.22 569.9 237.0 544.0 1,350.8 262.5 228.1 860.3 256.836 1992

2.35 610.6 279.7 508.4 1,398.7 237.0 214.5 947.1 259.417 1993

2.28 596.8 334.1 629.2 1,560.1 279.7 218.9 1,061.4 261.865 1994 

1.94 512.8 251.9 543.8 1,308.4 334.1 204.0 770.4 264.281 1995

1.97 524.2 156.4 605.9 1,286.5 251.9 212.8 821.9 266.753 1996

2.19 589.8 326.9 692.9 1,609.6 156.4 242.1 1,211.0 269.182 1997

 1/ Includes almonds, filberts, pecans, walnuts, Brazil nuts, pignolias, pistachios, chestnuts, cashews, macadamias, and miscellaneous tree nuts. Excludes coconuts. 2/ Crop year begins August 1 for walnuts; September 1 for pistachios, and July 1 for all others. 3/ Excludes quantities unharvested on account of economic conditions, sent to oil mills, and culls and blows not used. 4/ Computed from unrounded data.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 75--Fresh market potatoes (farm weight): Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply U.S.

Food disappearance total

Per capita Exports Total Imports Production population, Year

Retail Farm Total 2/ supply 2/ 1/ July 1

---------- Pounds ---------- ------------------------------------------ Million pounds ------------------------------------------- Millions 

59.3 61.8 12,673.6 310.7 12,984.3 172.3 12,812.0 205.052 1970

53.8 56.1 11,643.4 288.4 11,931.8 148.4 11,783.4 207.661 1971

55.5 57.9 12,143.3 383.8 12,527.1 75.6 12,451.5 209.896 197250.3 52.4 11,108.0 461.9 11,569.9 85.5 11,484.4 211.909 197347.4 49.4 10,553.8 507.0 11,060.8 187.7 10,873.1 213.854 1974

50.5 52.6 11,369.7 465.7 11,835.4 142.0 11,693.4 215.973 1975

47.5 49.4 10,781.2 1,361.5 12,142.6 53.2 12,089.4 218.035 197648.1 50.1 11,028.9 693.4 11,722.2 106.4 11,615.8 220.239 1977

44.1 46.0 10,231.3 406.6 10,638.0 150.1 10,487.9 222.585 1978

47.4 49.3 11,105.5 414.7 11,520.1 159.4 11,360.7 225.055 1979

49.1 51.1 11,641.7 274.6 11,916.4 218.4 11,698.0 227.726 1980

44.0 45.8 10,542.8 398.6 10,941.4 392.4 10,549.0 229.966 1981

45.2 47.1 10,938.6 305.2 11,243.8 478.4 10,765.4 232.188 1982

47.8 49.8 11,666.7 283.2 11,950.0 349.1 11,600.9 234.307 1983

46.4 48.3 11,414.9 360.3 11,775.2 325.1 11,450.1 236.348 1984

44.5 46.3 11,041.7 329.9 11,371.6 405.9 10,965.7 238.466 1985

46.9 48.8 11,748.7 340.6 12,089.3 344.5 11,744.8 240.651 1986

46.0 47.9 11,639.8 363.2 12,003.0 402.8 11,600.2 242.804 1987

47.6 49.6 12,156.6 422.0 12,578.6 483.4 12,095.2 245.021 1988

48.0 50.0 12,375.3 467.8 12,843.1 670.3 12,172.8 247.342 1989

44.9 46.8 11,691.4 327.3 12,018.7 683.9 11,334.8 249.949 1990

48.4 50.4 12,726.7 341.7 13,068.4 616.3 12,452.1 252.636 1991

46.7 48.6 12,421.7 537.9 12,959.7 401.6 12,558.1 255.382 1992

47.3 49.3 12,721.8 539.3 13,261.2 712.6 12,548.6 258.089 1993

48.3 50.3 13,120.7 655.0 13,775.7 642.8 13,132.9 260.602 1994

47.3 49.2 12,949.6 583.9 13,533.6 684.9 12,848.7 263.039 1995

48.0 50.0 13,263.9 610.1 13,874.0 986.5 12,887.5 265.453 1996

46.0 47.9 12,830.0 670.3 13,500.3 764.8 12,735.5 267.901 1997

 1/ Source: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA. Represents crop year utilization for the past season and the current season distributed on a calendar year basis using NASS potato marketing distributions. 2/ Source: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 76--Potatoes for freezing (farm weight): Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply U.S.

Food disappearance total

Per capita Ending Exports Total Beginning Imports Production population, Year

Retail Farm Total stocks 3/ supply stocks 3/ 2/ July 1

---------- Pounds ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds --------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

12.8 28.5 5,849.5 1,217.3 -- 7,066.8 880.9 -- 6,185.9 205.052 1970

13.9 30.1 6,255.1 1,317.3 -- 7,572.4 1,217.3 -- 6,355.1 207.661 1971

14.3 30.3 6,365.5 1,354.5 -- 7,720.0 1,317.3 -- 6,402.7 209.896 1972

16.4 34.2 7,247.2 1,098.6 -- 8,345.8 1,354.5 -- 6,991.3 211.909 1973

17.3 35.3 7,554.1 1,386.9 -- 8,941.0 1,098.6 -- 7,842.4 213.854 1974

18.6 37.1 8,020.0 1,364.4 -- 9,384.4 1,386.9 -- 7,997.5 215.973 1975

20.9 41.8 9,116.2 1,500.8 -- 10,617.0 1,364.4 -- 9,252.6 218.035 1976

21.1 42.2 9,295.9 1,659.5 -- 10,955.4 1,500.8 -- 9,454.6 220.239 1977

21.3 42.6 9,474.4 1,554.9 106.2 11,166.6 1,659.5 12.6 9,494.5 222.585 197819.3 38.5 8,665.5 1,624.4 133.5 10,461.8 1,554.9 32.9 8,874.0 225.055 197917.7 35.4 8,062.6 1,459.8 168.7 9,734.3 1,624.4 21.8 8,088.1 227.726 1980

20.7 41.5 9,540.3 1,377.4 192.8 11,153.9 1,459.8 30.0 9,664.1 229.966 198119.3 38.6 8,968.8 1,534.6 219.4 10,752.0 1,377.4 44.3 9,330.3 232.188 198219.6 39.2 9,182.0 1,545.9 242.7 10,988.2 1,534.6 53.1 9,400.5 234.307 198321.8 43.7 10,325.9 1,784.6 280.9 12,412.6 1,545.9 99.5 10,767.2 236.348 198422.7 45.4 10,829.1 2,024.6 291.7 13,182.4 1,784.6 138.2 11,259.7 238.466 198523.1 46.3 11,137.2 1,788.1 393.1 13,366.9 2,024.6 147.1 11,195.2 240.651 198623.9 47.9 11,620.1 1,765.1 492.0 13,944.1 1,788.1 187.8 11,968.2 242.804 198721.7 43.3 10,611.5 1,977.4 618.2 13,271.3 1,765.1 203.8 11,302.4 245.021 198823.4 46.8 11,581.9 1,834.7 726.6 14,143.2 1,977.4 208.4 11,957.4 247.342 198923.2 46.5 11,617.1 1,951.5 843.2 14,411.8 1,834.7 276.4 12,300.7 249.949 199025.6 51.2 12,945.8 1,940.0 819.6 15,705.4 1,951.5 341.1 13,412.8 252.636 199125.1 50.2 12,813.3 1,926.3 927.7 15,667.2 1,940.0 391.3 13,335.9 255.382 199226.4 52.9 13,642.7 2,012.8 1,055.5 16,711.0 1,926.3 581.0 14,203.7 258.089 1993

28.7 57.4 14,951.4 2,193.2 1,276.1 18,420.7 2,012.8 619.3 15,788.6 260.602 1994

28.5 56.9 14,967.7 2,247.5 1,668.4 18,883.6 2,193.2 710.1 15,980.3 263.039 1995

30.2 60.4 16,026.6 2,196.8 1,715.1 19,938.5 2,247.5 908.6 16,782.4 265.453 1996

29.5 59.0 15,793.0 2,327.1 1,918.9 20,039.0 2,196.8 1,394.5 16,447.7 267.901 1997

 1/ All product weight, or retail weight data were converted to a fresh-weight basis using a factor of 2.0. 2/ Frozen use as reported by National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA. 3/ Source: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 77--Tomatoes for processing (farm weight): Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance U.S.

Ending Exports Total Beginning Imports Production total Year

Per Total stocks 2/ 3/ supply stocks 2/ 3/ 1/ population,

capita 5/ 4/ 4/ July 1

Pounds --------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ---------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

62.1 12,736.3 8,527.9 104.6 21,368.9 9,655.0 696.0 11,017.9 205.052 1970

68.3 14,186.8 5,987.9 82.9 20,257.6 8,527.9 698.6 11,031.1 207.661 1971

64.9 13,615.9 4,815.6 95.9 18,527.4 5,987.9 932.1 11,607.4 209.896 1972

58.4 12,380.8 4,835.8 271.1 17,487.7 4,815.6 803.0 11,869.1 211.909 1973

61.3 13,115.3 5,773.3 335.1 19,223.7 4,835.8 348.2 14,039.7 213.854 1974

61.9 13,376.7 9,447.1 210.1 23,033.9 5,773.3 253.0 17,007.5 215.973 1975

65.7 14,314.3 8,242.1 249.4 22,805.8 9,447.1 415.2 12,943.5 218.035 1976

62.8 13,824.4 10,186.2 256.0 24,266.6 8,242.1 466.1 15,558.3 220.239 1977

58.8 13,097.5 9,782.8 313.4 23,336.8 10,186.2 415.3 12,735.4 222.585 1978

64.3 14,470.9 9,746.4 389.0 24,750.1 9,782.8 308.3 14,659.0 225.055 1979

63.6 14,486.3 7,442.1 333.3 22,373.2 9,746.4 205.6 12,421.2 227.726 1980

59.3 13,641.4 5,315.3 341.0 19,409.1 7,442.1 534.8 11,432.3 229.966 1981

60.1 13,959.3 7,002.9 290.8 21,319.2 5,315.3 1,405.9 14,598.0 232.188 1982

60.9 14,279.8 7,706.6 262.5 22,302.4 7,002.9 1,239.8 14,059.7 234.307 1983

68.5 16,192.3 7,869.6 226.8 24,343.1 7,706.6 1,274.1 15,362.3 236.348 1984

63.2 15,078.2 7,971.8 192.6 23,279.8 7,869.6 1,055.9 14,354.3 238.466 1985

63.6 15,309.3 8,295.2 207.3 23,887.6 7,971.8 1,118.9 14,796.9 240.651 1986

65.2 15,831.2 8,262.0 230.6 24,393.8 8,295.2 883.3 15,215.4 242.804 1987

61.3 15,017.6 8,536.2 326.3 23,974.1 8,262.0 892.3 14,819.8 245.021 1988

69.4 17,164.9 11,350.4 489.0 29,004.3 8,536.2 1,499.1 18,968.9 247.342 1989

75.4 18,838.1 13,503.3 789.0 33,130.4 11,350.4 1,069.5 20,710.5 249.949 1990

77.4 19,546.5 15,489.1 975.3 36,010.9 13,503.3 761.7 21,746.0 252.636 1991

73.7 18,834.3 13,088.2 1,571.5 33,494.0 15,489.1 450.0 17,554.9 255.382 1992

76.4 19,720.7 11,575.8 1,700.5 32,996.9 13,088.2 555.7 19,353.1 258.089 1993

73.6 19,172.1 14,490.3 1,856.5 35,518.9 11,575.8 858.5 23,084.6 260.602 1994

75.6 19,885.8 15,864.3 2,015.9 37,766.0 14,490.3 703.6 22,572.1 263.039 1995

74.2 19,697.5 17,264.2 2,202.9 39,164.6 15,864.3 482.8 22,817.5 265.453 1996

72.7 19,481.8 15,762.2 2,671.5 37,915.5 17,264.2 706.0 19,945.3 267.901 1997

 1/ Source: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA. 2/ Source: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. 3/ All product weight, or retail weight, data were converted to a fresh-weight basis using Whole=1.553; Paste=5.432; Sauce=3.247; Juice=1.527; Catsup=2.457. 4/ Stocks estimated based on a weighted average January 1 stocks to pack. Source: California League of Food Processors. Stocks for 1989-91 were estimated by ERS based on past relationship to production. After 1991, stocks based on estimates published by the California League of Food Processors. December 1 stocks data for 1994 to the present were adjusted to January 1 by removing an estimate of December shipments. 5/ Includes shipments to U.S. territories from 1978-88.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 78--Wheat (grain equivalent): Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply U.S. total

Food disappearance 4/ population, Marketing

Per Ending Feed Seed Exports Total Beginning Imports Produc- January 1 of year

capita Total stocks 5/ 2/ supply stocks 2/ tion following 1/

6/ 3/ 4/ 3/ year

Pounds ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Million bushels ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

150.3 517.1 822.8 192.8 62.1 740.8 2,335.6 982.6 1.4 1,351.6 206.466 1970

150.4 523.7 983.4 262.4 63.2 609.8 2,442.5 822.8 1.1 1,618.6 208.917 1971

151.2 531.8 597.1 199.5 67.4 1,135.1 2,530.9 983.4 1.3 1,546.2 210.985 1972

153.4 544.3 340.1 125.1 84.0 1,217.0 2,310.5 597.1 2.6 1,710.8 212.932 1973

152.1 545.0 435.0 34.9 92.0 1,018.5 2,125.4 340.1 3.4 1,781.9 214.931 1974

162.6 588.5 665.6 37.3 100.0 1,172.9 2,564.3 435.0 2.4 2,126.9 217.095 1975

161.0 588.0 1,113.2 74.4 92.0 949.5 2,817.1 665.6 2.7 2,148.8 219.179 1976

158.9 586.5 1,177.8 192.5 80.0 1,123.8 3,160.6 1,113.2 1.9 2,045.5 221.477 1977

158.8 592.4 924.1 157.5 87.0 1,194.2 2,955.2 1,177.8 1.9 1,775.5 223.865 1978

157.9 596.1 902.0 85.9 101.0 1,375.3 3,060.3 924.1 2.1 2,134.1 226.451 1979

160.0 610.5 989.1 59.0 113.0 1,513.8 3,285.4 902.0 2.5 2,380.9 228.937 1980

156.4 602.4 1,159.4 134.8 110.0 1,770.7 3,777.3 989.1 2.8 2,785.4 231.157 1981

158.5 616.4 1,515.1 194.8 97.0 1,508.7 3,932.0 1,159.4 7.6 2,765.0 233.322 1982

163.8 642.6 1,398.6 371.1 100.0 1,426.4 3,938.7 1,515.1 3.8 2,419.8 235.385 1983

164.5 651.0 1,425.2 407.2 98.0 1,421.4 4,002.8 1,398.6 9.4 2,594.8 237.468 1984

168.8 674.3 1,905.0 284.2 93.0 909.1 3,865.6 1,425.2 16.3 2,424.1 239.638 1985176.7 712.2 1,820.9 401.2 84.0 998.5 4,016.8 1,905.0 21.3 2,090.6 241.784 1986177.2 720.7 1,260.8 290.2 85.0 1,587.9 3,944.7 1,820.9 16.1 2,107.7 243.981 1987176.9 725.8 701.6 150.5 103.0 1,414.9 3,095.7 1,260.8 22.7 1,812.2 246.224 1988

180.7 748.9 536.5 139.1 104.3 1,232.0 2,760.7 701.6 22.5 2,036.6 248.659 1989

188.5 789.8 868.1 482.3 92.9 1,069.5 3,302.6 536.5 36.4 2,729.8 251.370 1990

186.5 789.5 475.0 244.4 97.7 1,282.3 2,888.9 868.1 40.7 1,980.1 254.024 1991

195.0 834.8 530.7 193.6 99.1 1,353.6 3,011.8 475.0 70.0 2,466.8 256.836 1992

201.6 871.7 568.5 271.7 96.3 1,227.7 3,035.9 530.7 108.8 2,396.4 259.417 1993 

195.4 853.0 506.6 344.3 89.2 1,188.3 2,981.4 568.5 91.9 2,321.0 261.865 1994 

200.4 882.9 376.0 153.1 104.0 1,241.1 2,757.1 506.6 67.9 2,182.6 264.281 1995 

200.5 891.5 443.6 313.8 103.1 1,001.4 2,753.4 376.0 92.3 2,285.1 266.753 1996 

204.0 915.1 723.3 294.3 92.2 1,040.2 3,065.1 443.6 94.9 2,526.6 269.182 1997

 1/ Beginning June 1 of year indicated. 2/ Includes flour and other products expressed in wheat equivalent. 3/ Includes stocks on farms, in terminal markets, interior mills, elevators, warehouses, merchant mills, and Commodity Credit Corporation holdings. 4/ Computed from unrounded data. 5/ Residual; includes feed use and negligible quantities used for distilled spirits. 6/ Bushels converted at 60 pounds.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 79--Wheat flour: Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance Exports Flour U.S.

Total and Flour Mill-feed Wheat total Year

Per Total Products Flour supply products produced production ground population,

capita 2/ imports 2/ 1/ July 1

1,000

Pounds -------------------------------------------------- 1,000 hundredweight --------------------------------------------------- 1,000 tons bushels Millions 

110.9 227,351 14 26,054 253,419 325 253,094 4,409 563,714 205.052 1970

110.5 229,451 15 20,685 250,151 341 249,810 4,279 555,092 207.661 1971

109.8 230,564 19 20,335 250,918 477 250,441 4,303 557,801 209.896 1972

112.8 239,078 26 16,107 255,211 550 254,661 4,395 567,287 211.909 1973

111.0 237,276 33 14,453 251,762 665 251,097 4,483 562,962 213.854 1974

114.5 247,220 22 12,364 259,606 621 258,985 4,701 582,675 215.973 1975

119.1 259,573 44 16,064 275,681 604 275,077 4,920 618,284 218.035 1976

115.5 254,298 37 22,053 276,388 604 275,784 4,787 618,125 220.239 1977

115.2 256,510 43 22,170 278,723 773 277,950 4,860 621,321 222.585 1978

116.4 261,861 86 22,927 284,874 823 284,051 4,945 636,375 225.055 1979

116.9 266,127 54 17,378 283,559 904 282,655 4,866 628,559 227.726 1980

115.8 266,393 84 18,655 285,132 1,166 283,966 5,045 634,381 229.966 1981

116.9 271,323 154 20,926 292,403 1,496 290,907 5,228 653,206 232.188 1982

117.7 275,712 150 37,315 313,177 1,590 311,587 5,655 698,951 234.307 1983119.1 281,519 162 20,179 301,860 2,028 299,832 5,426 675,274 236.348 1984124.6 297,146 143 18,614 315,902 2,087 313,815 5,556 700,151 238.466 1985

125.6 302,283 124 26,160 328,568 2,252 326,316 5,799 737,537 240.651 1986

129.8 315,204 144 28,880 344,228 2,663 341,565 6,260 767,507 242.804 1987131.7 322,599 185 24,097 346,881 2,727 344,154 6,163 769,699 245.021 1988129.6 320,654 180 25,265 346,099 3,337 342,762 6,072 761,021 247.342 1989

136.0 339,826 273 17,872 357,971 3,623 354,348 6,109 788,186 249.949 1990

136.9 345,897 440 20,044 366,381 4,070 362,311 6,436 808,966 252.636 1991138.8 354,528 619 20,719 375,866 5,037 370,829 6,707 833,339 255.382 1992143.3 369,863 548 23,241 393,652 6,233 387,419 6,951 871,408 258.089 1993

144.5 376,599 734 24,234 401,567 9,048 392,519 7,186 884,707 260.602 1994 141.8 372,936 716 24,343 397,995 9,306 388,689 7,144 869,296 263.039 1995 

148.8 394,906 714 11,003 406,623 8,847 397,776 7,042 878,070 265.453 1996 149.7 401,071 1,033 11,229 413,333 9,190 404,143 6,886 885,843 267.901 1997

 1/ Commercial production of wheat flour, whole wheat, industrial, and durum flour and farina reported by the Bureau of Census. 2/ Macaroni and noodle products (flour equivalent); reportingmethods changed in 1990.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 80--Rye (grain equivalent): Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply U.S. total

Food disappearance 4/ population, Marketing

Per capita Ending Nonfood Exports Total Beginning Imports Produc- January 1 of year

Flour Total Total stocks use 2/ supply stocks 2/ tion following 1/

7/ 6/ 3/ 5/ 4/ 3/ year

------- Pounds ------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- Million bushels ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

1.2 1.5 5.5 40.8 20.8 0.1 67.2 29.3 1.1 36.8 206.466 1970

1.1 1.4 5.3 54.6 25.0 5.4 90.3 40.8 0.3 49.2 208.917 1971

1.0 1.3 4.9 53.5 24.5 0.2 83.1 54.6 0.2 28.3 210.985 1972

1.3 1.6 6.0 21.0 19.6 31.6 78.2 53.5 -- 24.7 212.932 19731.2 1.5 5.9 11.6 12.3 8.7 38.5 21.0 -- 17.5 214.931 19741.0 1.2 4.7 9.1 13.4 1.0 28.2 11.6 0.7 15.9 217.095 1975

0.8 1.0 3.9 8.9 11.7 0.2 24.7 9.1 0.7 14.9 219.179 1976

0.7 0.9 3.6 8.8 13.1 -- 25.5 8.9 0.1 16.5 221.477 1977

0.7 0.9 3.7 9.0 15.0 0.4 28.1 3.9 0.1 24.1 223.865 1978

0.7 0.9 3.5 12.0 13.0 2.4 30.9 9.0 -- 21.9 226.451 19790.7 0.9 3.6 4.0 12.9 7.5 28.0 12.0 -- 16.0 228.937 1980

0.7 0.8 3.5 3.0 14.6 1.5 22.6 4.0 0.4 18.2 231.157 1981

0.6 0.8 3.3 5.8 16.2 0.2 25.5 3.0 3.0 19.5 233.322 1982

0.7 0.8 3.5 11.2 18.7 1.0 34.4 5.8 1.6 27.0 235.385 1983

0.7 0.8 3.5 19.8 20.5 0.4 44.2 11.2 0.6 32.4 237.468 1984

0.7 0.8 3.5 21.9 16.8 0.2 42.4 19.8 2.2 20.4 239.638 1985

0.6 0.8 3.5 18.6 19.4 0.5 41.9 21.9 1.0 19.1 241.784 1986

0.6 0.8 3.5 18.9 16.4 0.5 39.3 18.6 1.2 19.5 243.981 1987

0.6 0.8 3.5 10.3 16.6 3.4 33.8 18.9 0.2 14.7 246.224 1988

0.6 0.8 3.5 5.6 14.0 0.8 23.9 10.3 -- 13.6 248.659 1989

0.6 0.8 3.5 3.3 12.7 0.2 19.7 5.6 3.9 10.2 251.370 1990

0.6 0.8 3.5 1.5 12.4 0.1 17.5 3.3 4.5 9.7 254.024 1991

0.6 0.7 3.4 1.6 11.0 -- 16.0 1.5 3.1 11.4 256.836 1992

0.6 0.8 3.5 1.0 12.0 -- 16.5 1.6 4.6 10.3 259.417 1993

0.6 0.7 3.3 1.5 11.9 -- 16.7 1.0 4.4 11.3 261.865 1994 

0.6 0.7 3.3 0.9 11.2 -- 15.4 1.5 3.8 10.1 264.281 1995 

0.6 0.7 3.4 0.8 10.0 -- 14.2 0.9 4.3 9.0 266.753 1996 

0.6 0.7 3.5 0.8 9.8 0.1 14.2 0.8 4.5 8.9 269.182 1997

 -- = Fewer than 50,000 bushels. 1/ Beginning June 1 of year indicated. 2/ Includes flour in terms of rye. 3/ Includes stocks on farms, at terminals, and in interior mills and elevators. 4/ Computed from unrounded data. 5/ Residual; includes seed, feed, and negligible quantities used for distilled spirits. 6/ Bushels converted at 56 pounds. 7/ Factor for converting grain equivalent to flour is .80.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 81--Rice: Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance Ship- U.S.

Milled basis Total Ending Nonfood ments Exports Total Beginning Imports Produc- total Year

Milling Per rough stocks use to U.S. supply stocks tion population, 2/

rates 7/ capita Total basis 4/ 6/ territories 5/ 4/ 3/ January 1

Percent Pounds -------------------------------------------------------------------- Million hundredweight --------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

72.3 6.7 13.7 18.9 16.4 11.5 4.6 56.9 108.3 16.2 1.3 90.8 203.849 1970

73.3 7.6 15.8 21.5 18.6 11.5 3.6 46.5 101.7 16.4 1.5 83.8 206.466 1971

72.9 7.0 14.7 20.1 11.4 11.7 5.4 56.9 105.5 18.6 1.1 85.8 208.917 1972

72.8 6.9 14.6 20.1 5.1 13.2 5.0 54.0 97.4 11.4 0.6 85.4 210.985 197371.7 7.5 16.0 22.3 7.8 14.5 3.8 49.7 98.1 5.1 0.2 92.8 212.932 1974

71.9 7.6 16.3 22.6 7.1 15.1 6.0 69.5 120.3 7.8 0.1 112.4 214.931 1975

70.4 7.1 15.3 21.8 36.9 14.4 5.9 56.5 135.5 7.1 -- 128.4 217.095 1976

72.1 7.5 16.4 22.8 40.5 17.3 6.4 65.6 152.6 36.9 0.1 115.6 219.179 1977

69.3 5.6 12.4 17.9 27.4 16.1 5.6 72.8 139.8 40.5 0.1 99.2 221.477 1978

70.7 9.4 21.0 29.7 31.6 19.7 4.0 75.7 160.7 27.4 0.1 133.2 223.865 1979

71.8 9.4 21.3 29.6 25.7 22.1 3.6 82.6 163.6 31.6 0.1 131.9 226.451 1980

72.5 10.9 25.0 34.5 16.5 25.8 3.9 91.4 172.1 25.7 0.2 146.2 228.937 1981

72.2 11.8 27.3 37.8 49.0 26.1 4.7 82.0 199.6 16.5 0.4 182.7 231.157 1982

71.2 9.8 22.9 32.2 71.5 25.6 5.1 68.9 203.3 49.0 0.7 153.6 233.322 1983

71.1 8.6 20.3 28.5 46.9 21.7 4.7 70.3 172.1 71.5 0.9 99.7 235.385 1984

69.6 9.1 21.7 31.2 64.7 24.7 4.6 62.1 187.3 46.9 1.6 138.8 237.468 1985

70.8 11.7 28.0 39.5 77.3 20.2 6.1 58.7 201.8 64.7 2.2 134.9 239.638 1986

71.2 13.8 33.4 46.9 51.4 25.4 5.4 84.2 213.3 77.3 2.6 133.4 241.784 1987

69.9 14.3 34.8 49.8 31.4 25.5 5.1 72.2 184.0 51.4 3.0 129.6 243.981 1988

71.5 15.2 37.4 52.3 26.7 25.1 5.1 85.9 195.1 31.4 3.8 159.9 246.224 1989

72.6 16.2 40.4 55.6 26.3 22.1 4.5 77.1 185.6 26.7 4.4 154.5 248.659 1990

72.0 16.8 42.3 58.7 24.6 27.9 5.1 70.9 187.2 26.3 4.8 156.1 251.370 1991

70.5 17.5 44.4 62.9 27.4 28.4 4.2 66.4 189.3 24.6 5.3 159.4 254.024 1992

70.0 17.6 45.1 64.4 39.4 27.7 4.6 77.0 213.2 27.4 6.1 179.7 256.836 1993

74.0 19.2 49.8 67.3 25.8 30.2 3.9 75.3 202.5 39.4 6.9 156.1 259.417 1994 

74.1 20.1 52.8 71.2 31.2 26.7 2.8 98.9 230.8 25.8 7.3 197.8 261.865 1995 

71.4 18.9 49.8 69.8 25.0 27.6 7.2 83.0 212.6 31.3 7.4 173.9 264.281 1996 

70.2 19.5 51.9 74.0 27.2 20.7 6.0 78.4 206.3 25.0 10.0 171.3 266.753 1997

 -- = Less than 0.05 million hundredweight, or less than 5,000,000 pounds.  1/ Includes milled rice converted to rough basis at the annual extraction rate. 2/ Beginning August 1 of year preceding that indicated. 3/ Major rice-producing States only. 4/ Includes stocks on farms, at mills, in warehouses, in ports, and in transit. 5/ Computed from unrounded data. 6/ Residual; includes seed, use in beer production, and statistical discrepancy caused by losses in storage, handling, and processing, and statistical errors in converting milled to a rough equivalent. 7/ The factor used to convert rough basis to milled basis, the rice milling rate, varies year-to-year based on the quality of the crop. Its estimation is derived from aggregate data furnished by the Rice Miller's Association, Monthly State Statistical Statements.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 82--Corn (grain equivalent): Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance U.S.

Total Ending Nonfood Exports Total Beginning Imports Produc- total Year

Per Million Million stocks use 3/ supply stocks 3/ tion population 1/

capita pounds 6/ bushels 4/ 5/ 4/ 2/

 Pounds Mil. lbs. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Million bushels ------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

59.8 12,264.0 219.0 3,769.0 3,968.0 582.0 8,538.0 4,383.0 3.0 4,152.0 205.052 1970

63.9 13,272.0 237.0 4,704.0 3,956.0 520.0 9,417.0 3,769.0 2.0 5,646.0 207.661 1971

68.3 14,336.0 256.0 4,834.0 4,301.0 893.0 10,284.0 4,704.0 1.0 5,579.0 209.896 1972

73.7 15,624.0 279.0 4,488.0 4,418.0 1,321.0 10,506.0 4,834.0 1.0 5,671.0 211.909 1973

77.2 16,520.0 295.0 3,641.0 4,059.0 1,195.0 9,190.0 4,488.0 1.0 4,701.0 213.854 1974

94.6 20,540.8 366.8 633.2 3,735.9 1,664.4 6,400.3 558.0 1.5 5,840.8 217.095 1975 1/98.8 21,660.8 386.8 1,135.6 3,757.3 1,645.1 6,924.8 633.2 2.4 6,289.2 219.179 1976

104.7 23,195.2 414.2 1,435.9 3,896.5 1,896.4 7,643.0 1,135.6 2.4 6,505.0 221.477 1977

109.1 24,427.2 436.2 1,709.5 4,446.2 2,113.1 8,705.0 1,435.9 1.2 7,267.9 223.865 1978

114.0 25,816.0 461.0 2,034.3 4,741.5 2,401.5 9,638.4 1,709.5 0.7 7,928.1 226.451 1979

97.3 22,268.4 397.7 1,392.1 4,493.7 2,391.1 8,674.5 2,034.3 0.8 6,639.4 228.937 1980

101.2 23,402.4 417.9 2,536.6 4,560.0 1,996.8 9,511.3 1,392.1 0.6 8,118.7 231.157 1981

110.8 25,844.0 461.5 3,523.1 4,966.2 1,821.3 10,772.2 2,536.6 0.5 8,235.1 233.322 1982125.2 29,464.4 526.2 1,006.3 4,280.2 1,886.4 7,699.1 3,523.1 1.7 4,174.3 235.385 1983

137.7 32,692.8 583.8 1,648.2 4,597.9 1,850.3 8,680.2 1,006.3 1.7 7,672.1 237.468 1984

144.3 34,580.0 617.5 4,039.5 4,649.2 1,227.3 10,533.6 1,648.2 9.9 8,875.5 239.638 1985150.6 36,405.6 650.1 4,881.7 5,242.7 1,492.5 12,267.0 4,039.5 1.8 8,225.8 241.784 1986155.6 37,962.4 677.9 4,259.1 5,363.0 1,716.4 12,016.4 4,881.7 3.4 7,131.3 243.981 1987157.4 38,766.0 692.3 1,930.4 4,542.1 2,025.8 9,190.6 4,259.1 2.8 4,928.7 246.224 1988

160.8 39,975.6 713.9 1,344.5 5,037.7 2,368.2 9,464.3 1,930.4 1.9 7,532.0 248.659 1989

163.9 41,207.6 735.9 1,521.2 5,300.2 1,724.6 9,281.9 1,344.5 3.4 7,934.0 251.370 1990

168.2 42,733.0 763.1 1,100.3 5,568.1 1,584.1 9,015.7 1,521.2 19.6 7,474.8 254.024 1991

172.5 44,305.5 791.2 2,113.0 6,016.7 1,663.3 10,584.1 1,100.3 7.1 9,476.7 256.836 1992179.4 46,530.7 830.9 850.1 5,460.9 1,328.3 8,470.3 2,113.0 20.8 6,336.5 259.417 1993

184.2 48,247.1 861.6 1,557.8 6,365.6 2,177.5 10,962.4 850.1 9.6 10,102.7 261.865 1994 

187.5 49,551.6 884.9 425.9 5,409.6 2,227.8 8,948.2 1,557.8 16.5 7,373.9 264.281 1995

193.0 51,483.6 919.4 883.2 6,135.0 1,795.1 9,732.6 425.9 13.3 9,293.4 266.753 1996200.1 53,872.0 962.0 948.7 6,723.1 1,625.0 10,258.8 883.2 10.0 9,365.6 269.182 1997

 1/ Years before 1975 are calendar years; 1975 and beyond are marketing years. 2/ Uses U.S. total population, July 1, before 1975, and January 1 of the year following that indicated for 1975 and beyond. 3/ Includes grain and primary products before 1975, but grain only in 1975 and thereafter. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. 4/ Includes stocks at mills, elevators, warehouses, terminals, and processors. 5/ Residual; includes corn used for alcoholic beverages,industrial products, seed, and feed. 6/ Bushels converted at 56 pounds.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 83--Oats (grain equivalent): Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply U.S. total

Food disappearance 4/ population, Marketing

Per capita Ending Nonfood Exports Total Beginning Imports Produc- January 1 of year

Flour Total Total stocks use 2/ supply stocks 2/ tion following 1/

7/ 6/ 3/ 5/ 4/ 3/ year

------ Pounds ------ --------------------------------------------------------------- Million bushels ---------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

4.7 7.8 45.0 570.0 831.0 19.0 1,465.0 548.0 2.0 915.0 206.466 1970

4.7 7.8 45.0 597.0 788.0 21.0 1,451.0 570.0 3.0 878.0 208.917 1971

4.7 7.8 46.0 463.0 763.0 19.0 1,291.0 597.0 3.0 691.0 210.985 1972

4.7 7.8 46.0 308.0 711.0 57.0 1,122.0 463.0 0.0 659.0 212.932 1973

4.7 7.9 47.0 225.0 618.0 19.0 909.0 308.0 0.0 601.0 214.931 1974

4.4 7.3 44.0 204.8 602.4 12.3 863.5 224.0 0.5 639.0 217.095 1975

4.2 7.0 42.4 164.3 531.6 8.3 746.6 204.8 1.4 540.4 219.179 1976

4.1 6.8 42.0 313.1 554.1 10.0 919.2 164.3 2.1 752.8 221.477 1977

4.0 6.6 41.0 280.0 564.0 10.3 895.3 313.1 0.6 581.7 223.865 1978

3.9 6.5 40.7 236.4 527.6 2.8 807.5 280.0 0.8 526.7 226.451 1979

3.9 6.4 41.0 177.0 469.5 8.8 696.4 236.4 1.1 458.8 228.937 1980

3.8 6.4 41.2 151.9 492.2 2.7 688.0 177.0 1.5 509.5 231.157 1981

3.9 6.4 41.7 219.8 485.8 0.8 748.1 151.9 3.5 592.6 233.322 1982

3.8 6.3 40.9 180.9 503.4 0.9 726.2 219.8 29.9 476.5 235.385 1983

3.7 6.2 41.0 179.9 466.8 0.5 688.2 180.9 33.6 473.7 237.468 1984

4.0 6.6 44.0 183.7 496.7 1.2 725.6 179.9 27.2 518.5 239.638 1985

4.0 6.7 45.0 132.7 422.4 0.9 601.0 183.7 32.4 385.0 241.784 1986

4.4 7.3 49.8 112.0 389.7 0.5 552.0 132.6 45.7 373.7 243.981 1987

6.4 10.6 72.7 98.3 220.7 0.6 392.3 112.0 62.9 217.4 246.224 1988

6.4 10.7 74.0 156.9 306.6 0.8 538.3 98.3 66.4 373.6 248.659 1989

6.5 10.8 75.3 171.2 330.8 0.6 578.0 156.9 63.4 357.7 251.370 1990

6.5 10.9 76.6 127.7 283.6 1.9 489.8 171.2 74.8 243.9 254.024 1991

6.5 10.8 77.4 113.2 280.6 5.7 476.9 127.7 55.0 294.2 256.836 1992

6.5 10.9 78.3 105.5 240.0 3.0 426.8 113.2 106.8 206.8 259.417 1993 

6.5 10.9 79.2 100.6 246.9 1.0 427.7 105.5 93.2 229.0 261.865 1994 

6.5 10.9 80.0 66.3 194.7 2.1 343.1 100.6 80.5 162.0 264.281 1995

6.6 11.0 81.4 66.7 168.5 2.5 319.1 66.3 97.5 155.3 266.753 1996

6.5 10.9 81.4 80.8 188.6 2.0 352.8 66.7 110.0 176.1 269.182 1997

 1/ Beginning June 1 of year indicated. 2/ Includes oats and oat products before 1975, but oats only in 1975 and thereafter. 3/ Includes stocks at mills, elevators,warehouses, terminals, and processors. 4/ Computed from unrounded data. 5/ Feed, seed, alcohol, and residual. 6/ Bushels converted at 36 pounds. 7/ Factor forconverting grain equivalent to oat products (includes rolled oats, ready-to-eat cereals, oat flour, and oat bran) is 0.60.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 84--Barley (grain equivalent): Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply U.S. total

Food disappearance 4/ population, Marketing

Per capita Ending Nonfood Exports Total Beginning Imports Produc- January 1 year

Flour Total Total stocks use 2/ supply stocks 2/ tion of following 1/

7/ 6/ 3/ 5/ 4/ 3/ year

----- Pounds ----- -------------------------------------------------------------- Million bushels --------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

1.0 1.6 7.0 184.0 419.0 85.0 695.0 269.0 10.0 416.0 206.466 1970

0.8 1.3 5.7 208.0 404.3 41.0 659.0 184.0 12.0 463.0 208.917 1971

0.8 1.3 5.6 192.0 378.4 71.0 647.0 208.0 17.0 422.0 210.985 1972

0.8 1.3 5.8 146.0 373.2 93.0 618.0 192.0 9.0 417.0 212.932 1973

0.8 1.3 6.0 92.0 325.0 42.0 465.0 146.0 20.0 299.0 214.931 1974

0.9 1.4 6.5 128.4 326.1 22.8 483.8 92.0 12.6 379.2 217.095 1975

0.9 1.5 6.8 126.4 322.0 64.8 520.0 128.4 8.6 383.0 219.179 1976

0.9 1.5 6.9 173.1 325.1 55.5 560.6 126.4 6.4 427.8 221.477 1977

1.0 1.6 7.4 228.0 374.5 24.6 634.6 173.1 6.7 454.8 223.865 1978

1.0 1.6 7.5 192.1 365.9 52.8 618.4 228.0 7.2 383.2 226.451 1979

1.0 1.6 7.5 137.3 338.6 75.7 559.1 192.1 5.9 361.1 228.937 1980

1.0 1.6 7.6 147.8 363.9 98.4 617.7 137.3 6.9 473.5 231.157 1981

1.0 1.6 7.6 216.7 403.6 44.2 672.1 147.8 8.4 515.9 233.322 1982

1.0 1.6 7.7 189.4 444.1 88.8 730.0 216.7 5.0 508.3 235.385 1983

1.0 1.6 7.7 247.4 468.1 71.7 794.9 189.4 7.4 598.0 237.468 1984

1.0 1.6 7.8 327.2 489.1 19.7 843.9 247.4 6.2 590.2 239.638 1985

1.0 1.5 7.8 336.3 464.7 133.6 942.4 327.2 6.7 608.5 241.784 1986

0.9 1.5 7.4 321.1 419.6 121.0 869.1 336.3 11.3 521.5 243.981 1987

0.9 1.4 7.1 196.4 339.2 78.9 621.6 321.1 10.5 290.0 246.224 1988

0.8 1.3 6.7 160.8 362.1 84.0 613.7 196.4 13.1 404.2 248.659 1989

0.8 1.2 6.4 135.4 374.1 80.6 596.5 160.8 13.5 422.2 251.370 1990

0.7 1.1 6.0 128.6 395.1 94.5 624.2 135.4 24.5 464.3 254.024 1991

0.7 1.1 6.1 151.2 357.5 80.3 595.1 128.6 11.4 455.1 256.836 1992

0.7 1.1 6.2 138.9 409.6 66.1 620.7 151.2 71.5 398.0 259.417 1993

0.7 1.2 6.3 112.6 394.5 66.2 579.6 138.9 65.9 374.9 261.865 1994 

0.7 1.2 6.4 99.6 344.5 62.4 512.9 112.6 40.7 359.6 264.281 1995 

0.7 1.2 6.5 109.5 385.4 30.8 532.2 99.6 36.8 395.8 266.753 1996 

0.7 1.1 6.4 111.9 325.7 80.0 524.0 109.5 40.0 374.5 269.182 1997

 1/ Beginning June 1 of year indicated. 2/ Includes barley and barley products before 1975, but barley only in 1975 and thereafter. 3/ Includes stocks at mills, elevators,warehouses, terminals, and processors. 4/ Computed from unrounded data. 5/ Feed, seed, alcohol, and residual. 6/ Bushels converted at 48 pounds. 7/ Factor forconverting grain equivalent to barley products (includes barley flour, pearl barley, and malt and malt extract used in food processing) is 0.63.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 85--Total cane and beet sugar (raw value): Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply

Net U.S.

Food disappearance 3/ Ending Nonfood Refining change in Begin- Receipts from offshore Produc- total Year

Refined 7/ stocks use loss invisible Exports Total ning tion population,

Per Total 2/ 6/ adjust- stocks 4/ supply stocks Total Puerto Foreign July 1

capita Total ment 5/ 3/ 2/ Rico 

Pounds Mil. lbs. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,000 short tons --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions

101.8 20,865 11,163 83 2,835 60 185 66 14,392 2,869 5,649 353 5,296 5,874 205.052 1970

102.1 21,206 11,345 61 2,823 70 -7 89 14,381 2,835 5,731 144 5,587 5,815 207.661 1971

102.3 21,471 11,487 62 2,823 45 -21 50 14,446 2,823 5,608 149 5,459 6,015 209.896 1972100.8 21,363 11,429 31 2,646 69 91 26 14,292 2,823 5,408 79 5,329 6,061 211.909 1973

95.7 20,458 10,945 8 2,854 51 305 72 14,235 2,646 5,927 157 5,770 5,662 213.854 197489.2 19,256 10,302 0 2,856 35 -277 216 13,132 2,854 3,978 96 3,882 6,300 215.973 1975

93.4 20,361 10,893 0 3,498 72 -24 76 14,515 2,856 4,861 203 4,658 6,798 218.035 1976

94.2 20,746 11,099 0 4,491 14 188 35 15,827 3,498 6,240 102 6,138 6,089 220.239 197791.4 20,353 10,889 0 3,754 108 29 48 14,828 4,491 4,735 52 4,683 5,602 222.585 1978

89.3 20,105 10,756 0 3,701 103 -12 73 14,621 3,754 5,074 47 5,027 5,793 225.055 197983.6 19,045 10,189 0 3,082 78 72 689 14,110 3,701 4,673 178 4,495 5,736 227.726 1980

79.4 18,260 9,769 0 3,461 53 -94 1,191 14,380 3,082 5,074 49 5,025 6,224 229.966 198173.7 17,108 9,153 0 3,068 53 28 137 12,439 3,461 3,044 80 2,964 5,934 232.188 1982

70.3 16,471 8,812 0 2,570 72 141 300 11,895 3,068 3,147 67 3,080 5,680 234.307 1983

66.7 15,753 8,428 8 3,005 58 -18 447 11,928 2,570 3,468 24 3,444 5,890 236.348 1984

62.7 14,959 8,003 142 3,126 122 -69 481 11,805 3,005 2,833 36 2,797 5,967 238.466 1985

60.0 14,450 7,731 30 3,225 28 51 582 11,647 3,126 2,254 31 2,223 6,267 240.651 1986

62.4 15,146 8,103 27 3,195 18 145 604 12,092 3,225 1,558 12 1,546 7,309 242.804 1987

62.1 15,207 8,136 9 3,132 12 -58 458 11,689 3,195 1,407 19 1,388 7,087 245.021 1988

62.8 15,521 8,304 6 2,947 38 -11 614 11,898 3,132 1,925 12 1,913 6,841 247.342 1989

64.4 16,103 8,615 10 2,729 43 -5 654 12,046 2,947 2,765 -- 2,765 6,334 249.949 1990

63.8 16,116 8,622 12 3,039 40 12 735 12,460 2,729 2,595 -- 2,595 7,136 252.636 1991

64.6 16,497 8,826 17 3,225 -- 23 703 12,794 3,039 2,254 -- 2,254 7,501 255.382 1992

64.4 16,609 8,886 14 3,486 -- 53 568 13,007 3,225 2,016 -- 2,016 7,766 258.089 1993 

65.0 16,936 9,061 12 3,136 -- 1 666 12,876 3,486 1,771 -- 1,771 7,619 260.602 1994 

65.5 17,237 9,222 18 2,905 -- 42 617 12,804 3,113 1,759 -- 1,759 7,932 263.039 1995

66.6 17,667 9,452 19 3,191 -- -56 456 13,061 2,905 2,922 0 2,922 7,234 265.453 1996

66.5 17,818 9,533 21 3,367 -- -33 353 13,240 3,191 2,657 0 2,657 7,392 267.901 1997

-- = Not available.  1/ Excludes the refined sugar contained in imported sugar blends and mixtures (particularly sugar-sweetened tea mixes and flavored sugar, largely beverage bases). Deliveries by primary distributors for consumption in the United States can be derived by adding the net change in invisible stocks to quantities used for food. 2/ Stocks in hands of primary distributors (processors and importers). 3/ Computed fromunrounded data. 4/ Includes shipments to Puerto Rico and deliveries of sugar for use in sugar-containing products for export under re-export program. 5/ Holdings of wholesalers, retailers, and industrial users. Negative number indicates a stock drawdown. Calculated as a residual. 6/ Includes use in polyhydric alcohol. In 1985, also includes use of 127,000 short tons in fuel ethanol. 7/ To convert raw value to refinedsugar, divide by 1.07.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 86--High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) (dry weight): Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance 1/ Shipments Production U.S.

Per capita Total Total Non- to U.S. Exports Total Imports total Year

HFCS HFCS HFCS HFCS HFCS HFCS food terri- supply Total HFCS HFCS population

Total -55 -42 Total -55 -42 Total -55 -42 use tories 1/ -55 -42 July 1

 ----------- Pounds ----------- ----------- Mil. lbs. ------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1,000 short tons ---------------------------------------------------------------- Millions

0.5 0.0 0.5 112 0 112 56 0 56 1 0 0 57 0 57 0 57 205.052 1970

0.8 0.0 0.8 171 0 171 86 0 86 1 0 0 87 0 87 0 87 207.661 1971

1.2 0.0 1.2 242 0 242 121 0 121 2 0 0 123 0 123 0 123 209.896 1972

2.1 0.0 2.1 437 0 437 218 0 218 4 0 0 222 0 222 0 222 211.909 1973

2.8 0.0 2.8 591 0 591 295 0 295 4 0 0 299 0 299 0 299 213.854 1974

4.9 0.0 4.9 1,054 0 1,054 527 0 527 5 0 0 532 0 532 0 532 215.973 19757.2 0.0 7.2 1,564 0 1,564 782 0 782 4 0 1 787 0 787 0 787 218.035 19769.6 0.1 9.5 2,114 30 2,084 1,057 15 1,042 5 0 2 1,064 0 1,064 15 1,049 220.239 1977

10.8 0.9 9.9 2,397 199 2,198 1,198 99 1,099 6 0 4 1,208 0 1,208 100 1,108 222.585 1978

14.8 2.6 12.1 3,320 595 2,724 1,660 298 1,362 10 0 4 1,674 0 1,674 300 1,374 225.055 1979

19.0 5.5 13.5 4,317 1,241 3,075 2,158 621 1,538 14 1 7 2,181 0 2,181 626 1,555 227.726 1980

22.8 9.0 13.8 5,251 2,069 3,183 2,626 1,034 1,591 42 2 6 2,675 1 2,674 1,052 1,622 229.966 1981

26.6 12.8 13.8 6,180 2,972 3,208 3,090 1,486 1,604 47 4 1 3,142 5 3,137 1,507 1,630 232.188 1982

31.2 17.0 14.2 7,311 3,984 3,327 3,655 1,992 1,663 53 10 2 3,720 79 3,641 1,968 1,673 234.307 1983

37.2 22.6 14.6 8,798 5,338 3,460 4,399 2,669 1,730 46 15 4 4,465 132 4,333 2,602 1,731 236.348 1984

45.2 29.7 15.5 10,772 7,077 3,695 5,386 3,539 1,847 41 19 3 5,449 187 5,262 3,422 1,839 238.466 1985

45.7 30.2 15.5 10,996 7,257 3,740 5,498 3,628 1,870 45 17 4 5,564 228 5,336 3,472 1,864 240.651 1986

47.7 30.9 16.8 11,584 7,494 4,090 5,792 3,747 2,045 54 23 4 5,873 202 5,671 3,629 2,042 242.804 1987

49.0 29.9 19.0 11,997 7,331 4,666 5,998 3,665 2,333 80 24 12 6,115 183 5,931 3,571 2,360 245.021 1988

48.2 29.2 19.0 11,921 7,220 4,701 5,960 3,610 2,350 59 36 51 6,106 185 5,922 3,537 2,384 247.342 1989

49.6 29.3 20.3 12,405 7,321 5,084 6,202 3,660 2,542 63 32 138 6,436 178 6,258 3,707 2,551 249.949 1990

50.5 29.1 21.4 12,752 7,347 5,405 6,376 3,674 2,702 61 33 140 6,610 159 6,451 3,790 2,661 252.636 1991

52.1 30.2 21.9 13,304 7,703 5,601 6,652 3,852 2,801 62 32 107 6,853 193 6,660 3,862 2,797 255.382 1992

54.9 32.5 22.4 14,172 8,388 5,783 7,086 4,194 2,892 68 42 114 7,310 189 7,120 4,184 2,936 258.089 1993 

56.8 33.8 23.0 14,796 8,813 5,983 7,398 4,407 2,991 67 58 125 7,648 137 7,511 4,484 3,027 260.602 1994 

58.4 35.1 23.3 15,351 9,223 6,128 7,676 4,611 3,064 76 91 111 7,953 79 7,874 4,772 3,102 263.039 1995

59.4 36.5 22.9 15,776 9,695 6,081 7,888 4,848 3,041 70 98 224 8,281 123 8,157 5,081 3,076 265.453 1996

62.4 38.7 23.7 16,723 10,379 6,344 8,362 5,190 3,172 73 82 276 8,793 116 8,677 5,490 3,187 267.901 1997

 1/ Computed from unrounded data.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 87--Glucose syrup (dry weight): Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance 2/ Ship- Net U.S.

Non- ments Total change Total Pro- total Year

Per Total Total food to U.S. Exports use in stocks supply Imports duction population,

capita use territories 4/ 3/ 2/ 1/ July 1

Pounds Mil. lbs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1,000 short tons ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions

13.9 2,852 1,426 43 0.0 6 1,475 2 1,477 0 1,477 205.052 197014.4 2,997 1,498 52 0.0 6 1,557 -39 1,518 0 1,518 207.661 197115.4 3,238 1,619 57 0.0 6 1,682 -32 1,650 0 1,650 209.896 197216.7 3,548 1,774 72 0.0 6 1,852 -1 1,851 0 1,851 211.909 197317.8 3,813 1,907 67 0.2 8 1,982 81 2,063 0 2,063 213.854 1974

18.1 3,918 1,959 60 0.4 5 2,025 57 2,082 1 2,081 215.973 1975

17.9 3,899 1,950 69 0.6 8 2,027 -56 1,971 2 1,970 218.035 197617.7 3,887 1,944 79 0.8 5 2,028 26 2,054 0 2,054 220.239 1977

17.3 3,841 1,920 147 0.9 4 2,073 11 2,084 0 2,084 222.585 1978

16.6 3,738 1,869 157 1.7 4 2,031 56 2,088 0 2,088 225.055 1979

15.7 3,585 1,792 170 2.3 8 1,972 -66 1,906 0 1,906 227.726 198015.3 3,526 1,763 218 2.1 4 1,987 -38 1,949 0 1,949 229.966 198115.4 3,573 1,786 186 3.4 3 1,978 2 1,981 0 1,981 232.188 198215.7 3,667 1,834 198 1.5 5 2,037 -8 2,030 1 2,028 234.307 198315.9 3,765 1,883 187 0.2 2 2,072 18 2,090 1 2,089 236.348 1984

16.1 3,839 1,919 224 0.2 2 2,146 -2 2,143 0 2,143 238.466 198516.2 3,905 1,952 224 0.2 2 2,179 1 2,180 3 2,177 240.651 198616.4 3,975 1,988 251 0.4 3 2,243 -6 2,236 0 2,236 242.804 198716.6 4,075 2,037 292 0.8 14 2,344 -17 2,327 0 2,327 245.021 198817.1 4,219 2,110 308 8.5 13 2,438 -13 2,426 1 2,425 247.342 198917.7 4,418 2,209 341 6.0 19 2,575 -13 2,563 2 2,561 249.949 199018.5 4,663 2,332 364 12.0 35 2,743 -24 2,719 9 2,710 252.636 199119.3 4,924 2,462 357 2.3 30 2,851 40 2,891 13 2,878 255.382 1992

19.9 5,131 2,566 355 13.8 33 2,968 13 2,981 15 2,966 258.089 1993 

20.3 5,290 2,645 390 16.3 39 3,090 -5 3,085 13 3,072 260.602 1994 20.6 5,413 2,707 432 5.8 43 3,187 22 3,210 13 3,197 263.039 1995

19.3 5,120 2,560 425 5.7 82 3,073 -51 3,021 21 3,000 265.453 199619.9 5,339 2,669 455 0.4 82 3,207 47 3,253 28 3,225 267.901 1997

 1/ Includes estimates for glucose syrup solids and maltodextrin, as well as glucose syrup. 2/ Computed from unrounded numbers. 3/ A negative number indicates a stock drawdown, its absolute value is added to total supply to compute total use. A positive number indicates a stock buildup; it is subtracted from total supply. 4/Computed from unrounded data.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 88--Dextrose (dry weight): Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance 1/ Ship- Net U.S.

Non- ments Total change Total Pro- total Year

Per Total Total food to U.S. Exports use in stocks supply Imports duction population,

capita use territories 1/ 2/ 1/ July 1

Pounds Mil. lbs. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,000 short tons ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions

4.6 942 471 87 0 13 571 -7 565 0 564 205.052 1970

4.6 964 482 80 0 11 574 20 593 0 593 207.661 1971

4.6 969 485 76 0 24 585 -17 567 0 567 209.896 1972

4.6 979 489 98 0 30 618 11 629 0 628 211.909 1973

4.5 973 486 113 1 30 631 9 639 1 638 213.854 1974

4.4 946 473 85 2 30 589 2 592 2 590 215.973 1975

4.1 904 452 100 4 25 581 3 584 0 584 218.035 1976

3.9 857 429 110 5 22 566 -5 561 0 561 220.239 1977

3.7 821 410 125 7 16 559 -4 555 0 554 222.585 1978

3.5 798 399 119 6 21 545 -6 539 0 539 225.055 1979

3.5 787 393 120 3 25 542 6 548 0 548 227.726 1980

3.4 779 390 115 3 24 531 -8 523 0 523 229.966 1981

3.4 783 392 88 1 14 495 -2 493 0 493 232.188 1982

3.4 796 398 87 1 13 499 -2 497 3 494 234.307 1983

3.5 816 408 94 3 15 519 3 522 10 511 236.348 1984

3.5 836 418 90 0 8 516 -7 510 12 498 238.466 1985

3.6 861 430 89 0 9 529 5 535 7 527 240.651 1986

3.6 882 441 102 0 15 559 -1 558 5 553 242.804 1987

3.7 903 452 114 0 33 598 1 599 5 594 245.021 1988

3.8 928 464 123 4 31 621 -7 614 5 609 247.342 1989

3.8 957 479 124 3 41 647 4 650 6 645 249.949 1990

3.9 977 489 110 6 46 650 14 664 6 658 252.636 1991

3.9 984 492 124 9 33 658 -11 647 5 642 255.382 1992

3.9 1,000 500 146 7 24 676 -3 673 4 669 258.089 19934.0 1,031 515 158 3 34 710 -4 706 5 701 260.602 1994 4.1 1,069 535 168 3 51 756 4 760 15 745 263.039 19954.1 1,077 539 169 3 67 777 2 779 1 778 265.453 19963.8 1,023 511 160 12 74 758 -12 746 1 745 267.901 1997

 1/ Computed from unrounded numbers. 2/ A negative number indicates a stock drawdown; its absolute value is added to total supply to compute total use. A positive numberindicates a stock buildup; it is subtracted from total supply.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 89--Coffee (green bean equivalent): Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance Net U.S. 

Per capita Exports Total change in Total Imports Production total Year

Green bean Total use stocks supply 1/ population,

Retail equivalent 2/ 2/ 3/ 2/ July 1

 ---------- Pounds ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ Million pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

10.4 13.6 2,795 39 2,834 -161 2,673 2,667 6 205.052 1970

9.9 13.1 2,724 36 2,760 186 2,946 2,942 4 207.661 1971

10.3 13.7 2,869 53 2,922 -44 2,878 2,874 4 209.896 1972

10.0 13.5 2,853 64 2,917 63 2,980 2,977 3 211.909 1973

9.6 12.8 2,735 52 2,787 -182 2,605 2,603 2 213.854 1974

9.2 12.2 2,626 72 2,698 71 2,769 2,767 2 215.973 1975

9.4 12.5 2,731 55 2,786 -66 2,720 2,718 2 218.035 1976

7.0 9.4 2,061 81 2,142 -148 1,994 1,992 2 220.239 1977

7.9 10.5 2,347 63 2,410 87 2,497 2,495 2 222.585 1978

8.6 11.3 2,552 83 2,635 23 2,658 2,656 2 225.055 1979

7.7 10.3 2,338 65 2,403 42 2,445 2,443 2 227.726 1980

7.5 10.0 2,298 73 2,371 -121 2,250 2,248 2 229.966 1981

7.4 9.9 2,302 60 2,362 -8 2,354 2,352 2 232.188 1982

7.5 10.1 2,356 50 2,406 35 2,441 2,439 2 234.307 1983

7.6 10.2 2,418 45 2,463 -50 2,413 2,411 2 236.348 1984

7.8 10.5 2,499 43 2,542 11 2,553 2,551 2 238.466 1985

7.8 10.5 2,528 45 2,573 73 2,646 2,644 2 240.651 1986

7.6 10.2 2,482 47 2,529 163 2,692 2,690 2 242.804 1987

7.3 9.8 2,404 42 2,446 -372 2,074 2,072 2 245.021 1988

7.5 10.1 2,491 58 2,549 140 2,689 2,686 3 247.342 1989

7.7 10.3 2,583 55 2,638 81 2,719 2,716 3 249.949 1990

7.8 10.3 2,613 62 2,675 -118 2,557 2,555 3 252.636 1991

7.6 10.0 2,559 99 2,658 287 2,945 2,943 2 255.382 1992

6.9 9.1 2,344 120 2,464 -17 2,448 2,445 3 258.089 1993

6.2 8.2 2,132 148 2,280 -228 2,052 2,048 4 260.602 1994 

6.1 8.0 2,100 112 2,212 44 2,256 2,251 5 263.039 1995

6.7 8.9 2,350 133 2,482 83 2,566 2,559 6 265.453 1996

7.0 9.3 2,484 157 2,641 45 2,686 2,677 9 267.901 1997

 1/ Excludes re-exports of green coffee to foreign countries. 2/ May not add due to rounding. 3/ A negative number indicates a stock drawdown; its absolute value is added to total supplyto compute total use. A positive number indicates a stock buildup; it is subtracted from total supply.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 90--Tea (dry leaf equivalent): Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Utilization Supply U.S. 

Food disappearance Net change total

Per Exports Total in stocks Total Imports Domestic population, Year

capita Total use 1/ supply production July 1

Pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

0.73 149 1 150 -13 137 137 0 205.1 19700.77 160 1 161 14 175 175 0 207.7 19710.78 163 1 164 -13 151 151 0 209.9 19720.79 167 1 168 5 173 173 0 211.9 19730.79 170 1 171 7 178 178 0 213.9 19740.80 172 2 174 -15 159 159 0 216.0 19750.82 179 1 180 1 181 181 0 218.0 19760.80 176 2 178 24 202 202 0 220.2 19770.77 172 5 177 -25 152 152 0 222.6 19780.74 166 5 171 4 175 175 0 225.1 19790.78 178 5 183 2 185 185 0 227.7 19800.77 177 5 182 8 190 190 0 230.0 19810.74 172 5 177 -7 170 170 0 232.2 1982

0.74 174 5 179 -8 171 171 0 234.3 1983

0.76 179 5 184 11 195 195 0 236.3 19840.75 180 5 185 -8 177 177 0 238.5 1985

0.76 182 7 189 11 200 200 0 240.7 19860.74 180 6 186 -15 171 171 0 242.8 19870.74 182 6 188 11 199 199 0 245.0 19880.73 181 13 194 3 196 196 0 247.3 1989

0.73 184 13 196 -17 179 179 0 249.9 1990

0.79 199 18 217 -8 209 209 0 252.6 1991

0.86 220 21 242 16 257 257 0 255.4 1992

0.89 231 34 264 9 274 274 0 258.1 1993 

0.88 229 31 259 -4 256 256 0 260.6 1994 

0.86 225 23 248 -3 245 245 0 263.0 1995

0.83 220 20 240 -2 239 239 0 265.5 1996

0.79 211 20 231 -3 228 228 0 267.9 1997

 1/ A negative number indicates a stock drawdown; its absolute value is added to total supply to compute total use. A positive number indicates a stock buildup; it is subtracted from total supply.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 91--Cocoa (bean equivalent): Supply and utilization, 1970-97 1/

Utilization Supply

Food disappearance Net U.S.

Per capita Exports Total change in Total Imports Production total Year

Chocolate liquor Bean Total use stocks supply population,

equivalent 3/ equivalent 2/ July 1

---------- Pounds ---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- Million pounds ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Millions 

3.1 3.9 797 16 813 27 840 840 0 205.052 1970

3.1 3.9 812 14 826 81 907 907 0 207.661 19713.5 4.3 913 16 929 4 933 933 0 209.896 1972

3.3 4.1 873 20 893 -79 814 814 0 211.909 1973

2.9 3.7 782 20 802 -77 725 725 0 213.854 19742.6 3.2 697 16 713 43 756 756 0 215.973 19753.0 3.7 812 19 831 2 833 833 0 218.035 1976

2.6 3.3 727 23 750 -55 695 695 0 220.239 1977

2.7 3.3 745 27 772 84 856 856 0 222.585 19782.7 3.3 749 24 773 -25 748 748 0 225.055 19792.7 3.4 767 30 797 -84 713 713 0 227.726 19802.9 3.6 824 31 855 89 944 944 0 229.966 19813.0 3.7 866 36 902 -53 849 849 0 232.188 19823.2 4.0 932 29 961 6 967 967 0 234.307 1983

3.4 4.3 1,011 41 1,052 -53 999 999 0 236.348 1984

3.7 4.6 1,107 29 1,136 99 1,235 1,235 0 238.466 1985

3.8 4.8 1,148 17 1,165 -46 1,119 1,119 0 240.651 1986

3.8 4.8 1,167 25 1,192 74 1,266 1,266 0 242.804 1987

3.8 4.8 1,165 51 1,216 -54 1,162 1,162 0 245.021 1988

4.0 4.9 1,224 97 1,321 -109 1,211 1,211 0 247.342 1989

4.3 5.4 1,350 136 1,486 66 1,552 1,552 0 249.949 1990

4.6 5.7 1,449 128 1,577 70 1,646 1,646 0 252.636 1991

4.6 5.7 1,459 151 1,610 0 1,610 1,610 0 255.382 19924.3 5.4 1,392 190 1,581 109 1,690 1,690 0 258.089 1993

3.9 4.8 1,258 184 1,442 -61 1,381 1,381 0 260.602 1994 

3.6 4.6 1,200 203 1,403 -130 1,272 1,272 0 263.039 1995

4.2 5.3 1,409 213 1,622 70 1,691 1,691 0 265.453 1996

4.1 5.1 1,360 227 1,587 -16 1,570 1,570 0 267.901 1997

 1/ Includes the cocoa bean equivalent of such semiprocessed products as cocoa butter and sweetened chocolate. 2/ A negative number indicates a stock drawdown; its absolute value is added to total supply to compute total use. A positive number indicates a stock buildup; it is subtracted from total supply. 3/ Chocolate liquor is what remains after cocoa beanshave been roasted and dehulled; it is sometimes called ground or bitter chocolate.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 92--Spices and herbs: Supply and utilization, 1970-97

Production Supply

U.S. total Dried Imports for consumption 3/

Year population, Mustard chile Total Dried Cassia and

July 1 seed peppers Anise capsicum Caraway Cinnamon Celery Cloves Coriander

1/ 2/ seed peppers seed 4/ seed 5/ seed

Millions --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,000 pounds ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1970 205.052 27,126 29,280 56,406 350 14,010 7,424 8,552 4,018 2,105 3,088

1971 207.661 28,976 27,560 56,536 540 13,842 6,099 14,136 4,205 3,027 2,787

1972 209.896 30,825 36,980 67,805 740 13,260 7,292 14,020 3,713 2,896 3,499

1973 211.909 32,675 35,320 67,995 696 13,585 3,916 16,500 3,340 1,887 3,811

1974 213.854 34,524 42,920 77,444 527 14,020 4,821 16,376 4,642 3,447 3,938

1975 215.973 34,905 43,980 78,885 890 9,076 5,416 12,904 4,291 2,308 5,447

1976 218.035 35,287 48,740 84,027 1,054 11,469 6,162 18,470 3,235 1,956 6,299

1977 220.239 35,668 56,980 92,648 831 9,107 5,995 21,417 4,193 2,718 5,526

1978 222.585 36,049 53,180 89,229 1,078 9,840 6,810 18,970 4,761 2,524 9,433

1979 225.055 32,638 59,960 92,598 1,085 11,515 7,906 21,171 4,739 2,912 7,277

1980 227.726 29,226 70,220 99,446 1,177 11,397 6,838 22,026 4,594 2,106 8,553

1981 229.966 25,815 79,580 105,395 1,156 11,725 6,683 20,571 4,499 2,082 10,281

1982 232.188 22,403 67,520 89,923 1,366 13,010 7,916 21,128 4,319 2,440 9,902

1983 234.307 23,419 70,501 93,920 1,439 15,958 7,362 22,506 5,095 1,479 9,223

1984 236.348 24,435 74,560 98,995 1,896 17,306 8,758 30,682 4,796 2,361 13,978

1985 238.466 25,450 79,860 105,310 2,135 16,466 7,931 27,994 5,618 2,475 5,438

1986 240.651 26,466 88,200 114,666 1,854 16,696 7,662 26,877 5,712 1,916 6,981

1987 242.804 17,324 88,944 106,268 2,626 20,392 8,629 32,426 4,272 2,239 7,258

1988 245.021 17,179 92,084 109,263 1,709 22,301 6,211 23,465 4,965 2,554 13,047

1989 247.342 17,033 106,592 123,625 2,438 41,163 7,597 32,620 6,396 2,501 5,330

1990 249.949 16,888 134,570 151,458 2,170 43,992 6,800 24,077 4,856 4,080 4,763

1991 252.636 16,743 130,570 147,313 2,448 38,703 8,151 31,586 5,850 2,514 5,371

1992 255.382 14,504 154,062 168,566 2,267 59,318 7,207 34,336 5,878 2,548 5,101

1993 258.089 12,382 149,736 162,118 2,950 51,767 8,565 31,797 6,851 2,745 4,794

1994 260.602 12,998 116,682 129,680 2,844 49,275 8,356 35,114 5,962 2,907 5,287

1995 263.039 18,304 110,670 128,974 2,863 48,298 7,330 34,413 3,932 3,294 5,520

1996 265.453 14,601 125,306 139,907 2,971 68,161 9,272 37,695 4,453 2,113 6,294

1997 267.901 59,405 125,186 184,591 2,671 64,540 6,921 38,569 4,611 3,154 6,836

Supply--continued

Imports for consumption 3/--continued

Pepper,

Cumin Fennel Ginger Mace Mustard Nutmeg Paprika black and Pimento Poppy Sage

seed seed root seed white (allspice) seed

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,000 pounds -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1970 5,240 978 5,209 517 85,322 3,934 12,665 47,847 1,565 6,593 2,336

1971 5,145 1,235 4,475 578 96,979 3,629 9,432 59,275 888 4,897 2,810

1972 7,423 1,251 5,895 590 105,661 4,734 13,915 52,274 1,359 7,741 3,249

1973 6,771 1,458 6,950 582 79,392 4,318 14,309 55,437 1,319 5,404 3,552

1974 6,456 1,384 6,977 570 81,266 4,215 26,091 56,140 1,721 4,092 2,845

1975 5,526 1,671 6,167 448 78,163 3,807 14,557 55,061 1,285 4,474 2,348

1976 7,388 1,923 8,317 668 91,269 4,267 13,441 58,428 1,724 5,597 2,879

1977 7,536 1,491 7,326 453 73,185 4,145 10,388 58,370 1,450 9,197 3,075

1978 7,360 1,997 7,918 565 74,431 4,686 11,035 62,946 1,875 5,918 2,887

1979 12,793 2,553 9,483 583 63,219 5,305 12,274 60,071 1,075 5,213 3,244

1980 7,993 2,616 9,195 470 70,287 4,527 7,761 72,389 1,621 5,866 4,306

1981 10,420 3,122 9,653 1,119 82,304 4,856 9,919 68,600 1,879 6,266 3,299

1982 8,889 3,042 10,594 493 75,383 5,394 9,015 67,490 1,158 7,305 3,210

1983 7,039 3,840 8,028 620 77,412 4,602 11,111 69,756 1,676 6,836 3,376

1984 9,700 4,379 9,915 517 92,217 4,455 14,726 84,480 1,915 9,581 4,182

1985 8,688 3,545 12,404 690 99,735 4,701 19,062 71,101 1,540 7,847 4,405

1986 7,300 4,490 10,764 423 96,098 3,755 12,379 83,206 1,424 10,558 4,660

1987 10,359 5,292 10,744 699 114,804 4,730 11,612 80,118 1,919 8,325 4,388

1988 8,103 3,847 10,291 367 103,130 3,354 10,738 69,611 1,976 8,141 3,655

1989 10,378 6,195 11,961 648 117,900 2,635 9,252 83,232 2,487 9,172 4,505

1990 10,297 6,400 15,764 652 137,912 3,772 9,078 86,940 2,231 7,396 3,652

1991 8,850 5,454 17,971 400 139,112 4,097 8,564 97,999 2,302 10,998 4,991

1992 14,187 6,954 18,515 485 140,945 3,715 6,784 102,971 1,899 10,762 5,323

1993 11,532 5,966 18,125 497 136,925 4,070 9,085 92,693 2,530 11,381 4,063

1994 15,044 6,197 32,603 341 168,766 5,178 9,909 109,434 2,227 12,386 4,233

1995 9,618 7,040 34,254 317 155,103 4,306 13,498 90,169 2,018 13,496 5,298

1996 14,828 6,285 31,587 267 184,694 3,638 18,680 106,892 2,707 13,762 4,552

1997 14,459 7,536 30,503 322 162,233 4,242 15,575 114,731 2,338 11,547 4,426

 See footnotes at end of table. Continued--
Table 92--Spices and herbs: Supply and utilization, 1970-97--continued

Supply--continued Utilization

Imports for consumption 3/--continued Shipments

Year Other Total Total to Food disappearance

Sesame Tumeric Vanilla spices net use Exports Puerto Per

seed beans 6/ imports Rico 7/ Total capita

------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,000 pounds ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pounds

 1970 42,661 4,214 2,239 9,730 270,597 327,003 7,956 1,089 317,958 1.6

 1971 45,442 3,137 1,855 7,844 292,257 348,793 5,575 1,154 342,064 1.6

 1972 47,220 3,413 2,366 9,700 312,211 380,016 6,730 1,000 372,286 1.8

 1973 52,804 2,353 2,357 9,527 290,268 358,263 7,202 956 350,105 1.7

 1974 57,260 3,490 2,153 9,554 311,985 389,429 9,066 879 379,484 1.8

 1975 44,639 2,577 2,122 9,586 272,763 351,648 6,861 1,010 343,777 1.6

 1976 63,159 3,520 2,236 10,333 323,794 407,821 8,093 1,252 398,476 1.8

 1977 63,516 2,461 3,425 10,214 306,019 398,667 9,691 1,218 387,758 1.8

 1978 70,547 4,055 2,613 8,666 320,915 410,144 25,038 2,522 382,584 1.7

 1979 70,766 3,395 1,095 10,140 317,814 410,412 23,632 2,045 384,735 1.7

 1980 69,602 3,415 756 13,801 331,296 430,742 21,014 2,316 407,412 1.8

 1981 83,673 4,106 1,411 16,616 364,240 469,635 20,033 2,300 447,302 1.9

 1982 73,221 3,537 1,948 27,871 358,631 448,554 22,172 2,361 424,021 1.8

 1983 94,333 3,528 2,155 33,803 391,177 485,097 25,880 2,319 456,898 1.9

 1984 81,038 3,944 1,855 31,796 434,477 533,472 26,206 2,117 505,149 2.1

 1985 82,307 4,630 1,638 30,666 421,016 526,326 19,420 1,625 505,281 2.1

 1986 80,061 4,422 2,311 37,653 427,202 541,868 28,937 2,749 510,182 2.1

 1987 80,507 4,258 3,059 37,320 455,976 562,244 31,513 2,479 528,252 2.2

 1988 73,074 3,598 2,682 40,826 417,645 526,908 31,673 2,694 492,541 2.0

 1989 89,317 4,734 2,441 55,189 508,091 631,716 40,622 11,543 579,552 2.3

 1990 94,531 3,728 2,150 64,450 539,691 691,149 63,547 14,669 612,932 2.5

 1991 80,381 4,121 2,889 59,263 542,014 689,327 63,892 6,468 618,968 2.5

 1992 77,317 5,745 2,775 56,311 571,343 739,909 68,687 3,968 667,254 2.6

 1993 81,199 4,392 2,936 66,709 561,572 723,690 80,638 2,790 640,262 2.5

 1994 89,321 3,815 2,744 74,792 646,736 776,416 89,203 2,173 685,039 2.6

 1995 86,763 4,481 3,264 70,947 606,221 735,195 102,819 2,134 630,241 2.4

 1996 102,652 4,797 3,360 72,726 702,386 842,293 76,198 (3,327) 769,423 2.9

 1997 93,981 4,505 4,846 67,290 665,835 850,426 76,121 1,097 773,209 2.9

 1/ Production in preceding year minus estimated quantity used for seed. 2/ California and, beginning in 1976, New Mexico. 3/ Imports for consumption of 

specified ground and unground condiments, as reported by the U.S. Department of Commerce. 4/ Includes cassia, cassia buds, and cass vera. 5/ Includes 

stems. 6/ Includes basil, cardamom seeds, capers, curry and curry powder products, dill, fenugreek seeds, laurel (bay) leaves, marjoram, mint leaves, origanum, 

parsley, rosemary, savory, thyme, mixed spices, and other spices and spice seeds (ground and unground) not individually reported. Before 1996, includes 

inshipments from Puerto Rico. 7/ From 1996 on, the figures represent net shipments (outshipments to Puerto Rico minus inshipments from Puerto Rico).

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 93--Import share of food disappearance for selected foods, selected years 1/

Item 1980 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Percent

Red meat: 6.5 7.7 7.9 8.6 8.5 7.5 8.1 7.9 7.4 7.6 7.3 6.5 6.4 7.1

 Beef 8.8 8.1 8.2 9.0 9.4 9.0 9.8 10.0 10.1 10.0 9.5 8.3 8.0 9.2

 Veal 5.1 3.7 4.9 5.5 6.6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

 Pork 3.3 7.2 7.5 7.8 6.9 5.5 5.6 4.8 3.7 4.3 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.8

 Lamb 9.5 9.4 10.9 12.2 13.3 11.9 10.3 10.4 12.9 13.9 14.2 18.4 21.9 24.9

Fish and shellfish: 2/ 45.3 53.8 55.1 57.1 55.3 56.3 56.3 58.8 56.0 54.6 55.3 55.3 58.5 62.1

 Fresh and frozen 3/ 56.8 62.8 65.9 67.4 63.9 62.3 65.8 66.4 62.3 63.0 62.7 66.0 70.6 74.3

 Canned 4/ 21.8 34.9 34.0 34.1 35.9 42.4 36.0 41.7 40.2 33.1 35.9 30.8 29.8 33.0

Eggs 0.1 -- 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 -- 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Dairy products: 5/ 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9

 Cheese: 6/ 5.8 5.6 5.3 4.5 4.3 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.1

 American 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

 Other 11.9 11.5 10.3 8.8 7.8 8.1 8.2 7.8 7.1 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.4 6.6

 Condensed & evaporated milk -- 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8 -- 1.0

 Nonfat dry milk 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.8

Fats and oils:

 Butter 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.0 1.1

 Salad and cooking oils 7/ 1.2 2.0 2.6 3.3 4.7 4.3 5.9 8.7 9.6 10.4 11.1 12.1 12.3 12.4

Fresh fruits: 24.2 28.0 29.5 28.5 28.0 29.4 30.6 33.5 31.5 30.6 32.3 33.5 34.1 34.0

 Citrus: 1.8 2.1 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.4 7.1 4.8 4.4 5.7 7.1 6.7 7.0

 Oranges 0.7 1.0 1.9 1.4 1.5 0.6 0.9 6.4 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.7

 Tangerines 8.5 4.2 5.5 7.3 8.2 8.8 11.4 13.2 8.5 8.4 7.4 8.9 7.8 11.5

 Lemons 0.1 1.9 5.5 3.6 2.0 2.2 3.6 3.9 3.1 2.4 2.4 3.2 3.1 4.2

 Limes 42.8 38.2 50.2 48.6 55.3 57.9 53.0 62.2 68.2 77.3 97.0 96.7 95.5 95.2

 Grapefruit 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.7

 Noncitrus: 31.6 34.2 36.3 34.7 34.6 35.7 36.7 38.9 38.0 37.4 38.9 39.9 40.6 40.8

 Apples 4.0 7.6 7.2 5.2 5.2 4.3 4.7 6.6 5.2 4.8 5.6 7.7 7.4 7.2

 Apricots 0.4 3.8 13.4 15.9 7.3 8.1 5.5 8.4 7.1 6.7 6.4 11.1 16.2 4.7

 Avocados 2.5 0.8 4.4 0.7 3.2 2.7 11.0 10.6 14.6 3.2 15.1 11.4 13.2 15.5

 Bananas 100.1 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8

 Cantaloupe 12.8 12.2 14.1 13.5 17.0 18.6 23.0 27.5 22.1 20.3 23.4 25.3 26.2 29.3

 Cherries 1.0 4.1 1.7 2.8 3.2 3.3 3.8 3.0 3.7 3.2 2.6 5.1 3.7 1.7

 Cranberries -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.6 -- 0.4 -- -- -- -- -- 

 Grapes 13.6 28.3 31.5 39.7 34.4 40.5 37.6 37.6 38.9 37.2 40.6 38.8 42.2 41.2

 Honeydew 8.2 8.6 10.7 14.6 14.6 21.8 22.3 33.3 20.6 26.2 24.4 24.4 23.0 23.2

 Kiwi NA 53.0 50.5 64.2 52.5 53.7 60.3 56.4 44.8 35.8 42.1 57.0 60.1 59.0

 Mangoes 75.8 84.3 93.2 93.4 93.9 91.6 97.4 94.3 97.1 105.3 106.4 104.7 104.8 105.0

 Papayas 3.4 4.8 6.4 5.7 8.9 17.5 26.0 31.2 37.8 43.0 52.1 74.9 86.2 82.9

 Peaches 0.6 4.9 5.2 5.5 5.8 6.7 8.0 7.0 7.7 6.0 6.9 7.0 8.2 6.0

 Pears 3.2 8.3 9.7 8.5 11.2 11.7 12.5 16.3 17.7 16.5 11.6 14.1 20.8 16.0

 Pineapples 44.3 33.8 40.9 37.4 41.9 44.7 49.0 52.4 53.3 52.9 54.4 54.0 58.4 70.4

 Plums & prunes 0.5 8.9 11.1 8.2 9.5 13.1 13.4 14.6 12.3 14.9 11.6 20.4 11.8 12.4

 Strawberries 2.8 1.3 1.9 4.4 4.8 4.5 4.0 3.5 2.6 3.3 4.1 5.4 5.8 2.8

 Watermelon 8.5 6.8 6.4 9.8 7.9 10.7 6.9 7.2 5.6 5.7 6.7 8.1 9.9 11.7

Processing fruit:

 Canning: 11.5 18.3 17.7 17.3 17.5 19.0 16.4 18.8 18.4 20.5 19.1 20.8 21.2 18.8

 Apples 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.7 1.4 2.7 2.4

 Apricots 0.1 4.1 10.3 5.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 2.4 5.9 0.8 1.6 4.0 0.5

 Cherries NA NA NA NA 0.8 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.2 0.9 1.0 2.8 2.3

 Olives 69.0 46.0 44.3 53.2 44.9 36.4 32.7 45.1 27.2 34.9 43.4 45.3 29.4 43.6

 Peaches -- 5.6 3.1 4.8 8.2 7.4 2.7 6.2 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.2 5.1 3.6

 Pears -- 4.7 0.6 0.1 NA 0.4 0.1 -- -- 0.5 0.4 0.1 5.2 2.2

 Pineapples 58.2 66.7 64.9 72.0 75.1 80.9 79.3 80.6 83.3 90.1 89.7 89.2 88.6 89.3

 Plums & prunes 4.4 5.2 5.1 2.8 2.1 2.2 5.3 7.2 3.7 7.6 5.4 10.4 9.0 5.0

 See footnotes at end of table. Continued--
Table 93--Import share of food disappearance for selected foods, selected years 1/--continued

Item 1980 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Percent

Processing fruit:--continued

 Juice: 14.2 47.8 46.4 38.6 39.2 34.1 47.6 35.4 34.4 32.8 35.1 25.0 30.5 27.7

 Citrus: 9.2 44.6 41.2 37.9 31.3 27.2 41.4 26.4 24.6 22.2 27.7 13.0 16.8 16.2

 Orange 10.6 51.6 45.4 44.0 34.0 30.4 46.3 27.9 26.1 24.3 30.6 14.0 18.8 17.6

 Grapefruit NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.9 1.5 4.1 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1

 Lemon NA 2.7 33.2 10.5 12.2 22.3 55.4 47.2 34.9 27.5 23.9 20.0 17.9 22.7

 Lime NA 21.2 20.9 43.6 18.2 57.1 60.5 61.6 52.8 52.8 92.8 97.4 93.0 95.7

 Noncitrus: 31.4 56.4 59.9 40.2 58.0 51.3 59.0 53.7 52.3 55.7 51.3 52.9 61.2 55.2

 Apple 31.0 59.9 64.4 41.9 63.8 55.0 63.9 57.0 52.8 59.7 54.8 53.7 63.4 59.4

 Grape 1.9 13.5 11.7 10.8 24.1 31.3 37.2 37.0 47.9 27.2 22.4 41.0 58.8 43.4

 Pineapple 56.7 70.1 69.6 54.5 57.5 67.5 72.0 73.3 72.4 82.9 79.8 83.6 81.7 81.0

 Cranberry NA NA NA NA NA 6.6 10.9 9.8 9.2 7.5 11.2 12.6 9.0 8.3

 Prune NA NA NA NA NA NA 9.3 6.0 5.9 23.6 37.0 27.8 14.4 14.0

Fresh vegetables: 5.4 7.1 7.1 7.3 7.1 7.7 7.5 7.5 5.8 8.2 7.8 9.5 11.0 10.3

 Artichokes 20.6 23.2 29.5 26.3 23.1 24.4 25.7 22.3 28.3 33.5 40.4 40.2 42.5 43.8

 Asparagus 10.8 16.3 16.6 20.7 22.7 24.4 29.8 34.4 37.7 46.9 44.0 53.3 48.9 50.6

 Lima beans NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.3 2.4 0.4 0.9 4.7 5.0

 Snap beans 8.5 8.5 10.9 9.1 10.5 10.4 11.2 10.4 6.3 6.4 5.8 8.6 10.9 12.5

 Broccoli 0.2 0.7 1.2 3.0 3.9 3.0 2.5 2.6 2.4 4.3 2.3 3.7 4.5 5.1

 Brussels sprouts 14.0 28.8 21.5 43.8 30.3 32.7 30.7 21.6 38.9 30.0 27.6 27.0 28.9 36.7

 Cabbage 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.4 2.7 4.0 2.1 1.7 2.3 2.1 3.4 3.3 3.2

 Carrots 7.8 9.5 7.4 4.9 6.8 6.2 5.9 7.0 6.3 5.8 7.0 9.3 8.3 6.7

 Cauliflower 2.8 3.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 3.4 4.0 3.6 3.8 2.6 2.5 3.7 4.3 8.5

 Celery 0.3 0.8 1.0 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.5 1.7 2.1 1.6 3.3 3.4 4.2

 Sweet corn 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.1

 Cucumbers 36.0 36.3 38.6 38.7 36.3 38.3 33.7 33.1 34.2 36.8 38.4 38.1 42.9 39.5

 Eggplant 33.9 29.3 31.8 30.1 38.8 38.4 36.0 42.0 35.2 41.6 44.1 56.0 58.8 56.0

 Escarole 2.4 6.7 8.2 9.0 11.6 8.6 8.8 10.7 13.0 7.6 8.2 9.8 5.8 7.7

 Garlic 12.2 14.0 24.4 13.9 14.5 17.4 17.0 19.1 17.0 25.6 20.2 19.4 15.9 15.2

 Head lettuce 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.6

 Romaine lettuce NA NA NA NA NA 2.7 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.8

 Mushrooms 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.3 2.0 3.3

 Onions 5.5 8.7 8.0 11.9 11.9 10.0 10.1 12.5 10.2 12.0 12.7 10.4 13.2 12.0

 Peppers 26.5 23.7 18.9 19.4 18.3 21.0 19.7 16.9 13.5 16.8 15.5 19.1 19.5 20.4

 Potatoes 1.9 3.7 2.9 3.5 4.0 5.4 5.8 4.8 3.2 5.6 4.9 5.3 7.4 6.0

 Radishes 12.1 12.0 16.8 20.3 19.8 14.9 16.5 19.6 21.4 30.4 35.1 41.8 31.9 25.1

 Spinach NA NA NA NA NA 4.2 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.9 2.1 2.9 3.4

 Sweetpotatoes 1.3 3.7 4.6 4.7 5.4 6.0 5.2 5.1 5.7 6.4 5.3 6.2 6.2 5.6

 Tomatoes 22.3 24.0 25.8 23.9 19.8 20.8 20.5 20.4 10.9 22.3 20.3 30.2 34.0 32.2

Vegetables for canning: 2.6 7.5 7.7 6.5 6.8 9.3 7.0 5.5 4.4 5.1 5.8 4.9 5.1 5.6

 Asparagus 11.8 9.2 8.8 11.3 8.3 5.5 3.2 3.1 2.7 5.6 3.4 2.6 4.6 5.0

 Snap beans 0.1 1.3 1.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.3 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.4

 Cabbage for sauerkraut 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 2.5 1.2 0.5 0.7 1.1 3.7 1.0 0.9 1.3

 Carrots -- -- -- -- -- 6.8 4.6 3.6 2.2 3.8 3.2 2.0 1.8 2.4

 Sweet corn 0.5 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.9 3.0 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.4 2.0 1.8 0.8 1.1

 Cucumbers 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.8 3.2 4.2

 Mushrooms 44.5 63.2 65.5 59.6 52.3 49.9 48.0 48.0 46.8 52.7 57.2 50.3 56.5 59.4

 Peas 1.4 3.8 2.8 3.6 7.6 9.0 4.1 4.7 3.3 4.2 5.3 3.8 3.0 4.4

 Chile peppers 27.5 35.6 32.5 32.2 33.1 38.1 35.5 32.3 28.5 32.1 23.3 26.6 36.7 31.7

 Potatoes NA NA NA NA NA 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.7

 Tomatoes 1.4 7.0 7.3 5.6 5.9 8.7 5.7 3.9 2.4 2.8 4.5 3.5 2.5 3.6

Vegetables for freezing: 1.0 2.6 3.0 4.0 4.2 5.9 6.0 5.7 7.1 7.9 7.8 8.1 8.8 11.3

 Asparagus 8.7 4.3 8.4 1.5 3.0 2.3 6.1 10.2 13.0 33.2 10.4 20.2 21.3 17.1

 Lima beans NA NA NA NA NA 1.1 0.2 -- 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4

 Snap beans NA NA NA NA NA 6.1 3.1 2.3 1.3 2.7 2.1 1.5 2.0 2.9

 Broccoli 9.1 22.2 38.6 48.1 40.0 60.7 57.8 62.3 81.8 74.9 68.6 76.4 78.3 79.7

 Carrots -- -- -- -- -- 1.2 1.5 0.9 2.2 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.7 2.1

 Cauliflower 7.8 23.8 27.0 36.5 31.1 46.2 46.9 46.3 36.1 42.9 60.6 37.8 45.7 56.8

 Sweet corn NA NA NA NA NA 5.3 3.4 2.0 2.5 3.0 5.1 2.6 3.0 3.6

 Green peas 2.3 3.9 4.2 5.3 8.7 12.8 7.6 6.4 6.2 7.7 6.8 5.8 7.1 7.5

 Potatoes 0.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.8 2.4 2.6 3.1 4.3 4.1 4.7 5.7 8.8

 See footnotes at end of table. Continued--
Table 93--Import share of food disappearance for selected foods, selected years 1/--continued

Item 1980 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Percent

Vegetables for dehydrating: 0.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 2.6 3.1 1.8 1.6 1.9 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.6

 Potatoes 0.3 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.5

 Onions 0.5 0.3 0.2 -- 0.7 12.1 19.1 11.8 11.9 11.4 5.4 1.3 0.9 3.3

Potatoes for chips NA NA NA NA NA -- 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 -- 0.2 0.1

Pulses: 4.1 4.7 4.6 6.7 4.8 7.8 6.5 4.9 4.4 4.7 5.8 5.1 6.6 6.3

 Dry beans 3.8 3.4 3.0 4.2 3.8 6.7 5.3 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.7 4.2 4.4 4.8

 Dry peas and lentils 8.1 24.3 20.1 32.6 17.3 24.0 23.7 15.8 21.0 31.3 32.5 14.8 35.9 21.6

Tree nuts:

 Almonds 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.1

 Filberts 36.5 26.7 46.2 26.1 47.1 57.6 57.3 41.3 42.7 30.4 64.9 48.9 49.1 52.2

 Pecans 1.0 12.6 8.4 9.9 2.2 8.7 24.9 16.0 33.9 17.4 25.7 27.2 21.0 26.9

 Walnuts -- 0.1 2.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 6.7 1.2 0.6 2.2 0.3 1.9

 Macadamias -- 13.8 14.3 19.0 20.1 25.1 32.2 22.4 35.0 29.6 31.4 38.2 36.0 62.4

 Pistachios 10.8 52.0 20.2 9.5 2.9 10.9 3.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 2.1 1.3 6.2 2.7

Flour and cereal products:

 Wheat 8/ 0.4 2.4 3.0 2.2 3.1 3.0 4.6 5.2 8.4 12.5 10.8 7.7 10.4 10.4

 Wheat flour 9/ 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.3

 Rye 10/ NA 62.9 28.6 34.3 5.7 NA 111.4 128.6 91.2 131.4 133.3 115.2 126.5 128.6

 Rice 11/ 0.3 5.1 5.6 5.5 6.0 7.3 7.9 8.2 8.5 9.5 10.3 10.2 10.6 13.5

 Corn 12/ 0.2 1.6 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 2.6 0.9 2.5 1.1 1.9 1.4 1.0

 Barley 12/ 78.2 80.1 85.5 152.7 148.0 195.2 210.6 408.7 187.0 1152.8 1045.5 635.9 566.2 625.0

 Oats 12/ 2.8 61.9 71.9 91.8 86.5 89.7 84.2 97.6 71.0 136.4 117.7 100.6 119.8 135.1

Coffee 13/ 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9

Tea 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Cocoa 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Spices and herbs 81.3 83.3 83.7 86.3 84.8 87.7 88.1 87.6 85.6 87.7 94.4 96.2 91.3 86.1

Tropical oils 14/ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Caloric sweeteners:

 Cane and beet sugar 15/ 39.1 29.6 22.0 12.2 12.2 16.1 24.9 22.4 18.6 17.7 13.6 19.1 30.9 27.9

 Corn sweeteners:

 High fructose syrup -- 3.5 4.1 3.5 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.9 2.7 1.9 1.0 1.6 1.4

 Glucose syrup -- -- 0.1 -- -- -- 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.0

 Dextrose -- 2.8 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.0 2.8 0.1 0.1

 Honey 19.7 49.0 38.6 21.4 21.8 31.6 29.4 30.5 35.3 37.6 37.1 29.6 34.8 33.8

 Edible syrups 16/ 46.8 59.0 74.9 74.2 72.0 58.9 55.7 50.5 55.6 67.8 70.0 63.6 67.1 66.9

 -- Less than 0.05. NA = Not available.

 1/ Calculated from supply and utilization balance sheets. Import share is the total quantity imported divided by the quantity available for domestic human food

consumption (disappearance). A portion of the imports of some commodities is exported; therefore, the ratios presented here may overstate the importance of imports

in domestic consumption for some commodity groups. Similarly, a portion of the imports of some commodities is diverted to such nonfood uses as feed, seed, alcohol

and fuel production, and industrial uses. This too can cause the ratios presented here to overstate the importance of imports in food disappearance. 2/ Excludes game

fish consumption. 3/ Includes cultivated catfish beginning in 1975. 4/ Excludes the nonfish content of canned fishery products. 5/ Milk equivalent of all dairy products

calculated on a milkfat basis. 6/ Natural equivalent of cheese and cheese products. Includes all type of cheese except full-skim American, and cottage, pot, and baker's

cheeses. 7/ Olive and canola oil imports. 8/ Flour and other wheat products included. Grain equivalent. 9/ Includes flour equivalent of macaroni products. 10/ Includes flour 

imports in terms of rye. 11/ Rough equivalent. Includes milled rice converted to rough basis at annual extraction rate. 12/ Grain-equivalent. 13/ Kona coffee, grown in Hawaii, 

accounts for about 0.1-0.2 percent of total U.S. coffee consumption. 14/ Includes palm kernel oil, palm oil, and coconut oil. 15/ Import share is the quantity of imports for 

domestic consumption (net of re-exports) divided by domestic food consumption (disappearance). 16/ Includes maple syrup, edible refiner's syrups, and edible molasses.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 94--Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers, 1970-97

Special indexes and groups Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers

Commodities All Housing

Year Non- Services items Food Alcoholic Fuel & other Household furnishDurables durables Total less food beverages Shelter utilities ings & operations Total

1982-84=100

1970 44.1 40.8 41.7 35.0 39.0 39.2 52.1 35.5 29.1 46.8 36.4

1971 46.0 42.1 43.2 37.0 40.8 40.4 54.2 37.0 31.1 48.6 38.0

1972 46.9 43.5 44.5 38.4 42.0 42.1 55.4 38.7 32.5 49.7 39.4

1973 48.1 47.5 47.8 40.1 43.7 48.2 56.8 40.5 34.3 51.1 41.2

1974 51.5 54.0 53.5 43.8 48.0 55.1 61.1 44.4 40.7 56.8 45.8

1975 57.4 58.3 58.2 48.0 52.5 59.8 65.9 48.8 45.4 63.4 50.7

1976 60.9 60.5 60.7 52.0 56.0 61.6 68.1 51.5 49.4 67.3 53.8

1977 64.4 64.0 64.2 56.0 59.6 65.5 70.0 54.9 54.7 70.4 57.4

1978 68.6 68.6 68.8 60.8 63.9 72.0 74.1 60.5 58.5 74.7 62.4

1979 75.4 77.2 76.6 67.5 71.2 79.9 79.9 68.9 64.8 79.9 70.1

1980 83.0 87.6 86.0 77.9 81.5 86.8 86.4 81.0 75.4 86.3 81.1

1981 89.6 95.2 93.2 88.1 90.4 93.6 92.5 90.5 86.4 93.0 90.4

1982 95.1 97.8 97.0 96.0 96.3 97.4 96.7 96.6 94.9 98.0 96.9

1983 99.8 99.7 99.8 99.4 99.7 99.4 100.4 99.1 100.2 100.2 99.5

1984 105.1 102.5 103.2 104.6 104.0 103.2 103.0 104.0 104.8 101.9 103.6

1985 106.8 104.8 105.4 109.9 108.0 105.6 106.4 109.8 106.5 103.8 107.7

1986 106.6 103.5 104.4 115.4 109.8 109.0 111.1 115.8 104.1 105.2 110.9

1987 108.2 107.5 107.7 120.2 113.6 113.5 114.1 121.3 103.0 107.1 114.2

1988 110.4 111.8 111.5 125.7 118.3 118.2 118.6 127.1 104.4 109.4 118.5

1989 112.2 118.2 116.7 131.9 123.7 125.1 123.5 132.8 107.8 111.2 123.0

1990 113.4 126.0 122.8 139.2 130.3 132.4 129.3 140.0 111.6 113.3 128.5

1991 116.0 130.3 126.6 146.3 136.1 136.3 142.8 146.3 115.3 116.0 133.6

1992 118.6 132.8 129.1 152.0 140.8 137.9 147.3 151.2 117.8 118.0 137.5

1993 121.3 135.1 131.5 157.9 145.1 140.9 149.6 155.7 121.3 119.3 141.2

1994 124.8 136.8 133.8 163.1 149.0 144.3 151.5 160.5 122.8 121.0 144.8

1995 128.0 139.3 136.4 168.7 153.1 148.4 153.9 165.7 123.7 123.0 148.5

1996 129.4 143.5 139.9 174.1 157.5 153.3 158.5 171.0 127.5 124.7 152.8

1997 128.7 146.4 141.8 179.4 161.1 157.3 162.8 176.3 130.8 125.4 156.8

Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers--continued

Other goods and services All

Apparel Transportation Medical Enter- Personal & items

and care tainment Tobacco Personal educational Total

upkeep Private Public Total products care expenses

1982-84=100

1970 59.2 37.5 35.2 37.5 34.0 47.5 43.1 43.5 35.5 40.9 38.8

1971 61.1 39.4 37.8 39.5 36.1 50.0 44.9 44.9 38.8 42.9 40.5

1972 62.3 39.7 39.3 39.9 37.3 51.5 47.4 46.0 41.0 44.7 41.8

1973 64.6 41.0 39.7 41.2 38.8 52.9 48.7 48.1 43.0 46.4 44.4

1974 69.4 46.2 40.6 45.8 42.4 56.9 51.1 52.8 45.4 49.8 49.3

1975 72.5 50.6 43.5 50.1 47.5 62.0 54.7 57.9 48.7 53.9 53.8

1976 75.2 55.6 47.8 55.1 52.0 65.1 57.0 61.7 51.9 57.0 56.9

1977 78.6 59.7 50.0 59.0 57.0 68.3 59.8 65.7 55.2 60.4 60.6

1978 81.4 62.5 51.5 61.7 61.8 71.9 63.0 69.9 59.4 64.3 65.2

1979 84.9 71.7 54.9 70.5 67.5 76.7 66.8 75.2 64.1 68.9 72.6

1980 90.9 84.2 69.0 83.1 74.9 83.6 72.0 81.9 70.9 75.2 82.4

1981 95.3 93.8 85.6 93.2 82.9 90.1 77.8 89.1 79.7 82.6 90.9

1982 97.8 97.1 94.9 97.0 92.5 96.0 86.5 95.4 90.3 91.1 96.5

1983 100.2 99.3 99.5 99.3 100.6 100.1 103.4 100.3 100.0 101.1 99.6

1984 102.1 103.6 105.7 103.7 106.8 103.8 110.1 104.3 109.7 107.9 103.9

1985 105.0 106.2 110.5 106.4 113.5 107.9 116.7 108.3 119.1 114.5 107.6

1986 105.9 101.2 117.0 102.3 122.0 111.6 124.7 111.9 128.6 121.4 109.6

1987 110.6 104.2 121.1 105.4 130.1 115.3 133.6 115.1 138.5 128.5 113.6

1988 115.4 107.6 123.3 108.7 138.6 120.3 145.8 119.4 147.9 137.0 118.3

1989 118.6 112.9 129.5 114.1 149.3 126.5 164.4 125.0 158.1 147.7 124.0

1990 124.1 118.8 142.6 120.5 162.8 132.4 181.5 130.4 170.2 159.0 130.7

1991 128.7 121.9 148.9 123.8 177.0 138.4 202.7 134.9 183.7 171.6 136.2

1992 131.9 124.6 151.4 126.5 190.1 142.3 219.8 138.3 197.4 183.3 140.3

1993 133.7 127.5 167.0 130.4 201.4 145.8 228.4 141.5 210.7 192.9 144.5

1994 133.4 131.4 172.0 134.3 211.0 150.1 220.0 144.6 223.2 198.5 148.2

1995 132.0 136.3 175.9 139.1 220.5 153.9 225.7 147.1 235.5 206.9 152.4

1996 131.7 140.0 181.9 143.0 228.2 159.1 232.8 150.1 247.5 215.4 156.9

1997 132.9 141.0 186.7 144.3 234.6 162.5 243.7 152.7 259.7 224.8 160.5

 Source: U.S. Department of Labor/Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 95--Consumer Price Index for food, major groups, 1970-97

Food at home

Food Non- Cereals Fats

All away Total alcoholic Sugar and Fruits and vegetables and Dairy Eggs Meats, poultry, and fish Year

food from bever- and bakery Pro- oils products

home ages sweets products Total cessed Fresh 3/ 2/ Total Fish Poultry Meats 1/

1982-84=100

39.2 37.5 39.9 27.1 30.5 37.1 37.8 37.2 37.7 39.2 44.7 65.6 43.3 31.3 53.2 43.8 1970

40.4 39.4 40.9 28.1 31.6 38.8 39.7 39.6 39.2 42.7 46.1 56.6 43.4 34.5 53.5 43.5 1971

42.1 41.0 42.7 28.0 32.1 39.0 41.6 41.0 41.4 43.1 46.8 56.2 47.6 37.6 54.2 48.1 1972

48.2 44.2 49.7 30.1 34.0 43.5 47.4 44.3 48.8 46.8 51.2 83.6 59.6 43.1 76.0 60.0 1973

55.1 49.8 57.1 35.9 51.8 56.5 55.2 58.1 52.6 66.4 60.7 83.9 60.9 49.7 72.1 61.1 1974

59.8 54.5 61.8 41.3 65.3 62.9 56.9 60.7 53.8 73.5 62.6 82.4 66.1 53.9 79.7 66.3 1975

61.6 58.2 63.1 49.4 57.9 61.5 58.4 62.3 55.1 64.3 67.7 90.0 66.7 60.2 76.4 66.4 1976

65.5 62.6 66.8 74.4 60.8 62.5 63.8 64.3 62.6 70.8 69.5 87.1 66.3 66.7 76.9 64.9 1977

72.0 68.3 73.8 78.7 68.3 68.1 70.9 71.1 70.7 77.6 74.2 82.4 77.4 73.0 84.9 77.0 1978

79.9 75.9 81.8 82.6 73.6 74.9 76.6 77.2 76.1 83.7 82.8 90.2 88.9 80.1 89.1 90.1 1979

86.8 83.4 88.4 91.4 90.5 83.9 82.1 82.6 81.8 89.3 90.9 88.6 92.2 87.5 93.7 92.7 1980

93.6 90.9 94.8 95.3 97.7 92.3 92.0 92.5 91.6 98.8 97.4 95.9 96.0 94.8 97.5 96.0 1981

97.4 95.8 98.1 97.9 97.5 96.5 97.0 97.4 96.7 96.1 98.8 93.3 99.9 98.2 95.8 100.7 1982

99.4 100.0 99.1 99.8 99.3 99.6 97.3 98.4 96.4 97.4 100.0 97.7 99.2 99.3 97.0 99.5 1983

103.2 104.2 102.8 102.3 103.2 103.9 105.7 104.3 106.9 106.6 101.3 109.1 100.9 102.5 107.3 99.8 1984

105.6 108.3 104.3 104.3 105.8 107.9 108.4 107.0 109.7 108.9 103.2 91.0 100.5 107.5 106.2 98.9 1985

109.0 112.5 107.3 110.4 109.0 110.9 109.4 105.3 113.0 106.5 103.3 97.2 104.9 117.4 114.2 102.0 1986

113.5 117.0 111.9 107.5 111.0 114.8 119.1 109.0 126.8 108.1 105.9 91.5 111.7 129.9 112.6 109.6 1987

118.2 121.8 116.6 107.5 114.0 122.1 128.1 117.6 136.1 113.1 108.4 93.6 115.6 137.4 120.7 112.2 1988

125.1 127.4 124.2 111.3 119.4 132.4 138.0 125.0 147.7 121.2 115.6 118.5 121.4 143.6 132.7 116.7 1989

132.4 133.4 132.3 113.5 124.7 140.0 149.0 132.7 161.0 126.3 126.5 124.1 130.3 146.7 132.5 128.5 1990

136.3 137.9 135.8 114.1 129.3 145.8 155.8 130.2 174.1 131.7 125.1 121.2 133.3 148.3 131.5 132.5 1991

137.9 140.7 136.8 114.3 133.1 151.5 155.4 133.7 171.0 129.8 128.5 108.3 132.3 151.7 131.4 130.7 1992

140.9 143.2 140.1 114.6 133.4 156.6 159.0 131.5 178.6 130.0 129.4 117.1 136.6 156.6 136.9 134.6 1993

144.3 145.7 144.1 123.2 135.2 163.0 165.0 134.5 186.7 133.5 131.7 114.3 138.6 163.7 141.5 135.4 1994

148.4 149.0 148.8 131.7 137.5 167.5 177.7 137.5 206.0 137.3 132.8 120.5 139.9 171.6 143.5 135.5 1995

153.3 152.7 154.3 128.6 143.7 174.0 183.9 144.4 211.8 140.5 142.1 142.1 144.8 173.1 152.4 140.2 1996

157.3 157.0 158.1 133.4 147.8 177.6 187.5 147.9 215.4 141.7 145.5 140.0 149.0 177.1 156.6 144.4 1997

 1/ Beef, veal, lamb, mutton, pork, and processed meat. 2/ Includes butter. 3/ Excludes butter. Source: U.S. Department of Labor/Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 96--Consumer Price Index for food and beverages at home, selected categories, 1970-97

Meats

Pork Beef and veal

Total Other Other Year

2/ meats Total pork Ham Chops Bacon Total Sirloin Round Round Chuck Ground

including 2/ steak steak roast roast beef 1/

sausage

1982-84=100

43.8 43.5 45.4 NA NA 49.1 41.9 43.5 42.4 45.8 48.2 42.8 47.0 1970

43.5 43.3 41.1 NA NA 45.5 35.5 45.5 44.7 47.8 50.5 44.2 48.4 1971

48.1 46.5 47.6 NA NA 52.4 43.0 49.7 48.1 52.0 54.9 48.4 52.7 1972

60.0 57.9 63.3 NA NA 65.6 59.3 59.6 54.8 61.6 63.9 61.1 66.6 1973

61.1 59.7 63.0 NA NA 65.8 59.0 61.3 56.7 63.5 66.2 61.1 67.5 1974

66.3 63.2 77.1 NA NA 77.8 79.3 61.9 61.7 66.5 69.2 62.6 62.3 1975

66.4 66.9 78.1 NA NA 77.3 77.4 59.9 59.6 63.1 65.8 59.0 61.6 1976

64.9 66.5 73.9 NA NA 76.0 71.0 59.5 59.9 62.8 64.8 58.4 60.2 197777.0 78.3 83.4 81.3 87.0 84.2 81.7 73.1 73.7 75.0 77.0 72.0 76.2 1978

90.1 89.8 84.7 85.7 88.1 87.0 75.8 93.1 89.7 93.2 94.9 94.8 101.7 1979

92.7 93.2 81.9 83.2 85.5 82.9 73.5 98.4 96.2 98.9 101.3 99.8 104.6 1980

96.0 97.2 89.5 91.0 90.8 91.0 83.3 99.2 98.3 99.5 101.4 101.1 102.6 1981

100.7 100.1 101.0 101.1 100.6 100.5 102.2 100.6 99.3 101.5 101.4 101.8 102.1 1982

99.5 99.7 100.1 99.9 101.0 99.6 100.0 99.1 99.0 99.3 98.9 98.7 99.4 1983

99.8 100.1 98.8 99.0 98.3 99.9 97.9 100.3 101.7 99.2 99.7 99.6 98.4 198498.9 100.8 99.1 97.6 99.8 98.7 101.3 98.2 99.7 97.0 95.8 95.6 95.9 1985

102.0 103.4 107.2 104.9 107.4 109.5 108.5 98.8 102.3 98.4 94.9 95.0 94.9 1986

109.6 109.9 116.0 113.5 115.8 120.5 114.6 106.3 111.2 105.3 100.8 103.8 100.2 1987112.2 112.8 112.5 111.4 116.5 118.8 100.9 112.1 120.0 110.6 104.4 108.1 103.4 1988

116.7 116.0 113.2 112.8 117.3 122.7 95.8 119.3 126.0 116.6 112.3 116.8 108.6 1989

128.5 126.8 129.8 129.3 132.4 140.2 113.4 128.8 130.6 125.1 119.9 130.3 118.1 1990132.5 131.5 134.1 132.3 139.9 141.7 119.8 132.4 133.5 129.5 124.8 135.8 119.9 1991

130.7 131.7 127.8 127.1 135.6 138.9 104.6 132.3 132.4 129.9 125.9 137.1 118.9 1992

134.6 133.8 131.7 129.4 137.9 144.6 110.8 137.1 138.5 134.4 129.0 141.9 121.7 1993

135.4 137.0 133.9 131.3 139.3 144.2 118.1 136.0 137.5 133.0 126.7 140.3 119.7 1994

135.5 139.0 134.8 132.8 139.6 144.2 120.0 134.9 138.7 130.4 126.7 138.7 116.1 1995

140.2 144.0 148.2 143.7 149.2 153.0 148.9 134.5 137.6 129.3 125.2 140.0 114.3 1996

144.4 148.1 155.9 151.6 156.3 155.2 164.0 136.8 139.0 130.1 127.1 142.3 116.4 1997

Continued-- See footnotes at end of table.
Table 96--Consumer Price Index for food and beverages at home, selected categories, 1970-97--continued

Fruits Dairy products Poultry

Pro- Fresh fruits Fats

cessed Pro- and Ice Fresh Fresh Year

vege- cessed Total Oranges Bananas Apples oils Total cream Cheese milk Total whole

tables fruits 2/ 4/ 2/ 3/ and 2/ chicken

cream

1982-84=100

36.6 38.4 35.6 30.6 39.0 37.1 39.2 44.7 NA NA NA 53.2 52.4 1970

39.2 40.6 37.8 33.7 36.7 39.6 42.7 46.1 NA NA NA 53.5 52.9 1971

40.9 41.8 39.8 33.6 39.1 42.2 43.1 46.8 NA NA NA 54.2 53.4 1972

45.4 43.5 44.6 37.7 40.8 50.3 46.8 51.2 NA NA NA 76.0 77.1 1973

64.7 50.3 48.5 39.8 45.8 56.4 66.4 60.7 NA NA NA 72.1 72.3 1974

62.2 59.7 51.8 41.4 57.4 56.4 73.5 62.6 NA NA NA 79.7 81.4 1975

65.4 59.3 51.7 41.2 58.2 54.0 64.3 67.7 NA NA NA 76.4 76.9 1976

66.6 62.2 59.4 47.0 63.2 64.1 70.8 69.5 NA NA NA 76.9 77.3 1977

73.4 68.9 71.0 64.0 70.7 80.1 77.6 74.2 68.2 71.8 76.8 84.9 85.6 1978

77.4 77.0 79.8 76.2 79.8 79.1 83.7 82.8 76.2 80.6 85.6 89.1 87.2 1979

83.1 82.1 84.8 72.6 91.5 92.1 89.3 90.9 86.4 88.7 93.2 93.7 94.4 1980

93.2 91.7 89.4 81.4 97.6 84.3 98.8 97.4 95.9 96.1 98.6 97.5 96.5 1981

98.2 96.7 99.3 104.4 96.1 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.9 98.5 99.3 95.8 94.8 1982

98.6 98.1 95.1 83.1 106.0 94.6 97.4 100.0 99.7 100.2 99.9 97.0 96.3 1983

103.3 105.2 105.6 112.4 97.9 106.6 106.6 101.3 102.4 101.3 100.8 107.3 109.0 1984

104.4 109.5 116.3 119.7 99.9 113.1 108.9 103.2 105.8 103.2 102.3 106.2 104.5 1985

104.2 106.3 118.7 108.6 105.0 130.6 106.5 103.3 107.4 103.5 101.8 114.2 115.4 1986

107.1 110.6 132.0 135.9 104.2 131.0 108.1 105.9 111.1 105.9 104.0 112.6 113.3 1987

112.2 122.0 143.0 144.6 119.2 134.2 113.1 108.4 113.3 109.2 106.4 120.7 125.1 1988

124.2 125.9 152.4 147.0 131.3 140.5 121.2 115.6 118.8 117.6 114.4 132.7 137.1 1989

127.5 136.9 170.9 160.6 138.2 147.5 126.3 126.5 126.8 131.2 126.5 132.5 134.9 1990

128.5 131.8 193.9 249.4 145.0 172.8 131.7 125.1 128.5 132.8 122.4 131.5 131.7 1991

128.8 137.7 184.2 176.2 139.9 179.5 129.8 128.5 130.9 135.5 127.1 131.4 131.9 1992

130.8 132.3 188.8 190.1 135.5 169.0 130.0 129.4 131.7 135.3 128.7 136.9 138.0 1993

136.6 133.1 201.2 189.9 143.6 174.0 133.5 131.7 134.8 136.4 132.2 141.5 140.1 1994

138.3 137.2 219.0 224.5 153.8 183.5 137.3 132.8 137.5 137.9 132.3 143.5 142.2 1995

143.9 145.2 234.4 239.3 159.0 202.3 140.5 142.1 144.6 144.7 142.4 152.4 152.6 1996

147.2 148.8 236.3 226.1 159.6 199.6 141.7 145.5 150.6 147.7 144.9 156.6 158.5 1997

Continued-- See footnotes at end of table.
Table 96--Consumer Price Index for food and beverages at home, selected categories, 1970-97--continued

Beverages Cereal and Vegetables--continued

Alcoholic beverages Nonalcoholic beverages bakery products Fresh vegetables

Other Carbon- Year

Wine Distilled Beer Total noncar- Coffee ated Total White Total Tomatoes Lettuce Potatoes

spirits and ale 2/ bonated drinks 2/ bread 2/

drinks 5/

1982-84=100

49.7 NA 49.2 27.1 NA 31.7 NA 37.1 43.1 39.4 46.3 35.4 38.0 197052.0 NA 51.0 28.1 NA 32.6 NA 38.8 44.4 40.4 51.2 40.5 36.7 197154.0 NA 51.5 28.0 NA 32.1 NA 39.0 44.6 42.9 51.5 40.7 39.6 1972

57.5 NA 52.3 30.1 NA 35.7 NA 43.5 50.1 52.4 53.0 49.9 58.8 1973

62.7 NA 57.3 35.9 NA 42.5 NA 56.5 62.6 56.2 60.3 50.6 71.8 197465.5 NA 63.4 41.3 NA 46.4 NA 62.9 65.5 55.6 63.6 49.6 57.7 197567.0 NA 65.0 49.4 NA 63.8 NA 61.5 64.3 58.0 63.5 56.5 62.6 1976

68.9 NA 66.0 74.4 NA 112.9 NA 62.5 64.3 65.3 74.9 56.2 63.8 1977

75.6 82.0 69.6 78.7 74.7 107.2 70.8 68.1 68.6 70.5 72.5 76.5 66.3 1978

82.4 85.1 76.9 82.6 80.0 101.8 77.3 74.9 76.8 72.6 80.5 80.0 63.6 1979

89.5 89.8 84.8 91.4 85.9 111.6 86.6 83.9 85.9 79.0 81.9 77.8 81.0 1980

96.2 94.9 90.9 95.3 94.2 96.2 95.3 92.3 93.2 93.7 94.7 84.4 109.5 1981

100.4 98.2 95.2 97.9 97.6 98.5 97.8 96.5 96.7 94.2 93.5 100.7 92.7 1982

100.5 100.4 100.7 99.8 99.1 98.8 100.3 99.6 100.0 97.6 100.8 103.2 91.3 1983

99.1 101.4 104.2 102.3 103.3 102.7 101.8 103.9 103.3 108.2 105.7 96.1 116.0 1984

100.2 105.3 106.7 104.3 107.9 105.5 102.8 107.9 105.8 103.5 103.6 106.1 101.6 1985

102.4 113.3 108.7 110.4 109.4 132.7 103.6 110.9 107.7 107.7 111.3 112.7 96.1 1986

105.7 114.4 110.9 107.5 111.6 116.2 105.7 114.8 110.7 121.6 116.8 136.4 116.0 1987

107.8 116.1 114.4 107.5 113.8 115.0 105.7 122.1 118.6 129.3 123.1 148.6 119.1 1988

110.9 119.9 118.2 111.3 118.6 120.4 108.4 132.4 129.4 143.1 136.2 151.5 153.5 1989

114.4 125.7 123.6 113.5 125.0 117.5 112.1 140.0 136.4 151.1 160.8 150.3 162.6 1990

129.9 139.2 138.4 114.1 129.1 115.3 113.0 145.8 139.3 154.4 153.1 159.8 144.6 1991

132.6 141.5 143.5 114.3 131.3 110.7 114.9 151.5 146.2 157.9 171.8 155.7 141.5 1992

134.0 143.2 143.2 114.6 131.9 109.8 115.9 156.6 152.2 168.4 168.0 178.2 154.6 1993

133.3 144.3 143.4 123.2 133.0 140.4 115.7 163.0 159.0 172.3 173.5 170.3 174.3 1994

133.6 145.7 143.9 131.7 134.6 163.1 119.5 167.5 165.5 193.1 188.3 221.2 174.7 1995

139.3 147.5 147.4 128.6 137.5 149.2 119.9 174.0 177.5 189.2 198.2 185.7 180.6 1996

145.5 150.8 148.2 133.4 140.5 168.0 118.3 177.6 183.8 194.6 213.6 200.1 174.2 1997

 NA = Not available. 1/ Excludes canned ground beef. 2/ Includes items not shown. 3/ Includes related products. 4/ Includes tangerines. 5/ Exc ludes diet colas. Source: U.S. Department of Labor/Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 97--Consumer Price Index for food, 1987-97, quarterly

Food at home

Year and Meat, poultry, and fish Fats Fruits and vegetables

quarter Eggs Dairy and ProMeat Poultry Fish Total products oils Fresh cessed Total

1982-84=100

1987 I 106.8 116.1 127.6 109.9 97.5 105.5 108.3 123.9 107.3 116.8

 II 108.7 112.9 128.9 110.9 87.9 105.5 108.1 131.7 108.9 122.0

 III 111.9 112.1 130.8 113.4 90.4 105.8 108.2 124.6 109.8 118.1

 IV 111.1 109.2 132.3 112.5 90.3 106.8 107.7 126.9 109.8 119.5

1988 I 110.4 108.8 136.7 112.4 87.8 107.3 109.4 133.4 113.1 124.7

 II 112.1 114.8 137.1 114.6 83.5 107.2 111.0 134.0 116.5 126.4

 III 113.3 131.4 137.3 118.1 100.8 108.2 114.5 139.4 119.1 130.7

 IV 112.9 127.9 138.3 117.3 102.1 110.6 117.6 137.7 121.7 130.7

1989 I 114.6 129.2 143.7 121.3 113.7 113.3 120.2 145.1 123.6 135.9

 II 115.8 136.8 142.8 122.5 113.6 113.8 121.6 151.7 124.9 140.3

 III 117.3 136.1 144.8 122.5 117.5 114.9 121.5 147.8 126.2 138.5

 IV 119.1 128.6 143.0 121.4 129.1 120.4 121.4 146.2 125.3 137.2

1990 I 123.3 131.3 149.2 126.6 133.4 126.5 123.7 174.0 128.9 155.2

 II 127.1 132.8 147.3 129.2 119.2 124.9 124.9 158.2 134.0 147.8

 III 130.6 134.5 145.3 132.0 116.4 126.9 127.4 155.9 134.9 146.9

 IV 132.8 131.3 147.5 133.4 127.6 127.8 129.3 155.8 132.9 146.0

1991 I 133.1 132.0 149.8 134.0 132.8 125.1 132.7 173.4 130.9 155.7

 II 133.2 131.8 147.3 133.7 115.8 124.3 132.4 188.0 130.5 164.2

 III 132.6 132.0 146.4 133.2 117.6 124.6 131.6 169.7 129.8 153.0

 IV 131.2 130.2 149.8 132.2 118.6 126.4 130.3 165.3 129.7 150.4

1992 I 130.5 129.2 152.7 131.9 110.2 128.0 130.6 174.9 133.8 157.7

 II 130.5 129.7 151.4 131.9 103.3 127.4 130.1 172.0 134.7 156.3

 III 130.5 133.3 151.1 132.4 106.2 129.1 129.8 166.4 134.3 152.9

 IV 131.1 133.5 151.5 133.0 113.5 129.5 128.9 170.8 132.2 154.6

1993 I 132.5 134.5 157.5 134.7 117.4 129.0 130.4 179.9 131.5 159.8

 II 134.5 136.1 156.4 136.3 119.4 128.6 129.9 180.7 130.5 159.8

 III 135.5 137.2 154.2 137.0 115.3 130.1 130.2 171.0 131.4 154.4

 IV 136.0 140.0 158.3 138.3 116.3 129.7 129.5 182.7 132.6 161.9

1994 I 136.2 140.3 162.0 138.8 118.8 131.7 131.8 186.3 134.5 164.7

 II 135.9 142.1 162.6 139.0 111.3 132.0 133.4 181.9 134.6 162.2

 III 134.9 143.0 163.9 138.6 112.9 131.6 134.5 183.8 135.0 163.5

 IV 134.4 140.7 166.2 138.1 114.1 131.6 134.5 194.9 133.8 169.6

1995 I 135.1 141.6 170.2 139.2 114.9 132.3 136.7 206.0 136.2 177.2

 II 134.5 142.3 171.9 139.1 110.5 132.4 136.9 210.8 137.5 180.5

 III 134.9 143.7 171.6 139.6 121.0 132.7 137.6 202.8 138.7 176.3

 IV 137.3 146.2 172.8 141.8 135.5 134.0 137.9 204.4 137.6 176.8

1996 I 137.6 148.5 173.3 142.4 144.3 136.7 139.8 209.4 140.7 181.0

 II 137.4 149.5 173.1 142.4 135.6 138.1 140.2 214.6 143.7 185.3

 III 141.5 154.3 171.7 145.9 138.3 144.4 141.0 208.9 147.1 183.2

 IV 144.2 157.4 174.3 148.7 150.4 149.1 141.0 214.4 146.3 186.2

1997 I 143.9 157.5 177.4 148.8 145.9 146.7 142.5 216.1 148.2 188.0

 II 143.9 156.2 176.7 148.6 134.1 145.1 142.0 212.0 148.1 185.5

 III 145.2 156.8 176.3 149.5 135.8 143.4 141.6 213.8 148.4 186.7

 IV 144.4 156.1 178.2 149.1 144.0 146.8 140.8 219.9 147.1 189.8

Continued--
Table 97--Consumer Price Index for food, 1987-97, quarterly--continued

Food at home--continued Food All

Year and Cereals Sugar away All items Consumer

quarter and bakery and Nonalcoholic Total from food less Price

products sweets beverages home food Index

1982-84=100

1987 I 113.2 110.4 110.8 110.9 115.5 112.4 111.5 111.6

 II 114.5 110.9 107.8 112.0 116.4 113.3 113.1 113.1

 III 115.3 111.3 105.9 112.2 117.6 113.9 114.5 114.4

 IV 116.2 113.3 105.5 112.4 118.6 114.4 115.6 115.4

1988 I 118.6 112.3 107.4 114.0 119.7 115.8 116.1 116.1

 II 120.3 112.7 107.5 115.2 121.1 117.1 117.6 117.5

 III 123.6 114.8 107.2 118.1 122.5 119.5 119.0 119.1

 IV 126.0 116.2 108.0 118.9 123.7 120.4 120.3 120.3

1989 I 128.8 117.7 110.7 122.0 125.2 122.9 121.4 121.7

 II 131.3 118.4 111.6 124.1 126.7 124.7 123.4 123.7

 III 134.0 120.5 111.5 124.9 128.2 125.8 124.4 124.7

 IV 135.5 121.0 111.3 125.9 129.5 126.9 125.6 125.9

1990 I 137.3 122.8 112.9 131.7 131.0 131.1 127.4 128.0

 II 139.4 124.2 112.8 131.2 133.0 131.5 128.8 129.3

 III 141.2 125.4 114.2 132.7 134.3 132.9 131.3 131.6

 IV 142.0 126.4 114.3 133.7 135.4 133.9 133.6 133.7

1991 I 144.3 127.6 115.6 136.0 136.2 135.7 134.6 134.8

 II 145.4 129.0 114.8 137.1 137.5 136.9 135.3 135.6

 III 146.3 129.9 112.9 135.3 138.7 136.2 136.7 136.7

 IV 147.3 130.7 113.1 135.0 139.3 136.2 137.9 137.7

1992 I 149.3 132.4 115.4 136.8 139.9 137.6 138.9 138.7

 II 151.0 133.1 114.6 136.6 140.4 137.6 140.2 139.8

 III 152.7 133.8 114.1 136.7 141.0 137.9 141.4 140.9

 IV 152.9 132.9 112.9 137.2 141.5 138.4 142.5 141.9

1993 I 154.3 133.1 114.5 139.2 142.2 139.9 143.7 143.1

 II 156.1 133.2 114.6 140.0 142.9 140.7 144.8 144.2

 III 157.5 133.4 114.1 139.6 143.6 140.7 145.6 144.8

 IV 158.3 133.7 115.2 141.4 144.2 142.1 146.5 145.8

1994 I 160.7 135.3 116.0 143.1 144.6 143.3 147.3 146.7

 II 162.7 135.4 115.6 143.0 145.3 143.5 148.4 147.6

 III 164.5 135.2 128.7 144.6 145.9 144.7 149.7 148.9

 IV 164.2 134.9 132.3 145.7 146.8 145.7 150.4 149.6

1995 I 165.2 135.9 133.3 147.9 147.8 147.4 151.5 150.9

 II 167.0 137.1 132.0 148.7 148.6 148.2 152.9 152.2

 III 168.5 138.4 131.3 148.6 149.4 148.5 153.7 152.9

 IV 169.2 138.7 130.3 149.8 150.2 149.6 154.3 153.6

1996 I 171.9 141.8 129.9 151.9 150.9 151.1 155.7 155.0

 II 173.7 143.1 129.2 153.1 152.0 152.3 157.3 156.5

 III 174.8 144.9 128.0 154.9 153.1 153.8 158.0 157.4

 IV 175.4 143.7 127.2 157.2 154.6 155.9 158.9 158.5

1997 I 176.6 146.8 128.8 157.8 155.6 156.5 160.1 159.6

 II 177.3 148.0 133.4 157.4 156.4 156.6 160.8 160.2

 III 178.3 148.5 136.6 158.3 157.4 157.5 161.4 160.8

 IV 178.3 147.8 134.8 159.1 158.6 158.5 162.0 161.5

 Source: U.S. Department of Labor/Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 98--Average retail food prices, individual items, 1986-97

Item Unit 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Cereals and bakery products:

 Flour, white, all purpose lb. 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.24 0.25 0.23 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.25 0.29 0.30

 Rice, white, long grain, uncooked lb. 0.45 0.40 0.48 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.53 0.51 0.55 0.53 0.55 0.57

 Spaghetti and macaroni lb. 0.74 0.73 0.80 0.87 0.85 0.87 0.86 0.83 0.87 0.86 0.87 0.87

 Bread, white, pan lb. 0.56 0.55 0.61 0.67 0.69 0.71 0.75 0.75 0.76 0.79 0.88 0.87

 Bread, French lb. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.51 1.53 1.50 1.54

 Bread, whole wheat, pan lb. 0.87 0.88 0.93 NA NA 1.07 1.06 1.08 1.14 1.15 1.25 1.28

 Cookies, chocolate chip lb. 1.99 2.00 2.12 2.38 2.61 2.70 2.78 2.46 2.54 2.47 2.58 2.61

 Crackers, soda, salted lb. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.39 1.44 1.53 1.55

Red meats:

 Ground chuck, 100% beef lb. 1.63 1.71 1.76 1.83 1.97 1.97 1.92 1.94 1.86 1.84 1.80 1.84

 Ground beef, 100% beef lb. 1.23 1.31 1.36 1.44 1.59 1.60 1.53 1.57 1.48 1.37 1.37 1.40

 Ground beef, lean and extra lean lb. NA NA NA NA NA 2.16 2.16 2.22 2.18 2.10 2.04 2.06

 Chuck roast, U.S. Choice, bone-in lb. 1.59 1.68 1.73 1.88 2.09 2.09 2.09 2.10 2.13 2.07 2.06 NA

 Chuck roast, graded and ungraded, 

 excluding USDA Prime and Choice lb. NA NA NA NA NA 2.24 2.22 2.27 2.20 2.15 2.14 2.15

 Chuck roast, USDA Choice, boneless lb. NA NA NA NA NA 2.56 2.50 2.54 2.45 2.43 2.42 2.43

 Round roast, U.S. Choice, boneless lb. 2.44 2.53 2.63 2.76 2.93 3.02 2.98 3.06 2.98 2.88 2.80 2.82

 Round roast, graded and ungraded

 excluding USDA Prime and Choice lb. NA NA NA NA NA 2.82 2.81 2.89 2.81 2.75 2.67 2.68

 Rib roast, U.S. Choice, bone-in lb. 3.26 3.53 3.89 4.17 4.49 4.70 4.64 4.85 4.79 4.96 5.38 5.15

 Steak, T-bone, U.S. Choice, bone-in lb. 3.97 4.24 4.72 5.07 4.99 5.38 5.37 5.66 5.83 5.97 5.78 5.90

 Steak, rib eye, U.S. Choice, boneless lb. NA NA NA NA NA 6.21 6.09 6.41 6.37 6.41 5.81 5.78

 Steak, round, U.S. Choice, boneless lb. 2.77 2.89 2.99 3.12 3.32 3.41 3.38 3.40 3.25 3.21 3.12 3.10

 Steak, round, graded and ungraded,

 excluding USDA Prime and Choice lb. NA NA NA NA NA 3.17 3.11 3.19 3.12 3.00 2.96 3.00

 Steak, sirloin, U.S. Choice, bone-in lb. 2.96 3.13 3.29 3.57 3.67 3.74 3.81 3.91 3.77 NA NA NA

 Steak, sirloin, graded and ungraded,

 excluding USDA Prime and Choice lb. NA NA NA NA NA 3.90 3.81 3.89 3.78 3.70 3.63 3.62

 Steak, sirloin, U.S. Choice, boneless lb. NA NA NA NA NA 4.29 4.22 4.41 4.25 4.23 4.21 4.21

 Short ribs, any primal source, bone-in lb. NA NA NA NA NA 2.64 2.62 2.69 2.70 NA NA NA

 Beef for stew, boneless lb. NA NA NA NA NA 2.59 2.58 2.59 2.53 2.50 2.50 2.51

 Bacon, sliced lb. 2.08 2.14 1.88 1.77 2.12 2.22 1.92 1.93 1.99 1.99 2.47 2.68

 Chops, center cut, bone-in lb. 2.59 2.82 2.77 2.85 3.26 3.26 3.15 3.24 3.22 3.21 3.41 3.48

 Chops, boneless lb. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.26 4.22 4.08

 Ham, rump or shank half,

 bone-in, smoked lb. NA NA NA NA NA 1.67 1.61 1.59 1.64 1.56 1.87 1.94

 Ham, boneless, excluding canned lb. NA NA NA NA NA 2.91 2.74 2.73 2.61 2.55 2.70 2.79

 Shoulder picnic, bone-in, smoked lb. 1.06 1.12 1.12 1.10 1.28 1.30 1.22 1.16 1.13 1.11 1.23 1.28

 Sausage, fresh, loose lb. 1.91 1.99 1.97 2.00 2.35 2.41 2.21 2.11 1.98 1.91 2.01 2.15

Other meats

 Frankfurters, all meat or all beef lb. 1.93 1.99 2.02 2.06 2.29 2.35 2.24 2.11 2.11 2.03 2.08 2.27

 Bologna, all beef or mixed lb. 2.17 2.19 2.24 2.28 2.51 2.59 2.47 2.38 2.29 2.31 2.33 2.37

 Lamb and mutton, bone-in lb. NA NA NA NA NA 3.57 3.35 3.18 3.31 NA NA NA

Poultry:

 Chicken, fresh, whole lb. 0.84 0.78 0.85 0.93 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.89 0.90 0.92 0.97 1.00

 Chicken, breast, bone-in lb. 1.85 1.80 1.93 2.09 2.07 2.06 2.04 2.08 2.06 1.98 2.03 2.04

 Chicken legs, bone-in lb. 1.17 1.09 1.14 1.21 1.19 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.13 1.16 1.24 1.23

 Turkey, frozen, whole lb. 1.07 1.01 0.96 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.97 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.05

Fish:

 Tuna, light, chunk lb. 2.00 1.97 2.16 2.08 2.06 2.07 2.03 1.97 2.04 1.99 1.97 2.01

Eggs:

 Eggs, grade A, large doz. 0.87 0.78 0.79 1.00 1.01 0.99 0.86 0.91 0.86 0.93 1.11 1.06

 Eggs, grade AA, large doz. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.14 1.24 1.27

 See footnotes at end of table. Continued--
Table 98--Average retail food prices, individual items, 1986-97--continued

Item Unit 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

 Dairy:

 Milk, fresh, whole, fortified 1/2 gal. 1.11 1.14 1.16 1.27 1.42 1.37 1.39 1.39 1.44 1.43 1.56 1.59

 Milk, fresh, whole, fortified gal. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.48 2.62 2.61

 Milk, fresh, lowfat, fortified 1/2 gal. 1.08 1.08 1.11 1.18 NA 1.31 1.36 NA NA NA NA NA

 Milk, fresh, lowfat, fortified gal. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.29 2.41 2.40

 Butter, salted, grade AA, stick lb. 2.15 2.17 2.16 2.13 1.99 1.94 1.83 1.66 1.60 1.61 2.05 2.17

 American processed cheese lb. 2.60 2.69 2.78 2.93 NA 3.43 3.32 3.09 3.07 3.07 3.34 3.45

 Cheddar cheese, natural lb. 3.05 3.06 3.17 3.20 NA 3.55 3.57 3.34 3.35 3.39 3.25 3.22

 Ice cream, prepackaged, bulk 1/2 gal. 2.36 2.46 2.46 2.60 2.60 2.58 2.58 2.53 2.63 2.65 2.86 2.92

 Yogurt, natural, fruit flavored 1/2 pint NA NA NA NA NA 0.65 0.61 0.59 0.60 0.62 0.65 0.66

 Fresh fruits:

 Apples, Red Delicious lb. 0.77 0.73 0.73 0.69 0.72 0.89 0.89 0.83 0.80 0.84 0.93 0.91

 Bananas lb. 0.38 0.36 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.46 0.49 0.49 0.49

 Oranges, Navel lb. 0.48 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.58 0.78 0.57 0.54 0.54 0.60 0.62 0.60

 Oranges, Valencia lb. 0.46 0.58 0.59 0.60 NA 0.92 0.56 0.65 0.59 0.65 0.70 0.63

 Cherries lb. 1.27 1.35 1.63 1.15 1.75 2.26 NA NA NA NA NA NA

 Grapefruit lb. 0.51 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.66 0.62 0.61 0.53 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.56

 Grapes, Thompson Seedless lb. 1.14 1.17 1.16 1.20 1.26 1.40 1.29 1.47 1.51 1.55 1.69 1.71

 Lemons lb. 0.82 0.90 0.93 1.00 1.07 1.23 1.01 1.08 1.11 1.14 1.11 1.25

 Peaches lb. 0.68 0.67 0.68 0.84 0.88 0.96 0.89 0.95 0.95 1.09 1.18 1.05

 Pears, Anjou lb. 0.77 0.74 0.63 0.73 0.76 0.84 0.83 0.86 0.80 0.77 0.92 0.99

 Strawberries, dry pint 12 oz. 0.83 0.96 1.00 1.04 1.14 1.11 1.14 1.12 1.13 1.32 1.17 1.36

 Fresh vegetables:

 Potatoes, white lb. 0.24 0.28 0.26 0.34 0.37 0.33 0.31 0.35 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.36

 Lettuce, iceberg lb. 0.53 0.62 0.63 0.60 0.58 0.60 0.58 0.66 0.61 0.80 0.65 0.69

 Tomatoes, field grown lb. 0.82 0.82 0.83 0.91 1.08 1.01 1.09 1.08 1.09 1.16 1.21 1.29

 Broccoli lb. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.86 0.91 0.98

 Cabbage lb. 0.31 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.40 0.41 0.36 0.41 0.37 0.43 0.40 0.40

 Carrots, short trimmed and topped lb. 0.38 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.39 0.45 0.47 0.43 0.44 0.53 0.51 0.51

 Celery lb. 0.47 0.46 0.51 0.53 0.49 0.52 0.51 0.60 0.50 0.68 0.51 0.58

 Cucumbers lb. 0.51 0.57 0.57 0.66 0.60 0.65 0.67 0.62 0.60 0.68 0.70 0.66

 Onions, dry yellow lb. 0.31 0.42 0.38 0.36 0.39 0.43 0.42 0.48 0.46 0.46 0.44 0.48

 Peppers, sweet lb. 0.90 0.90 0.79 0.96 1.13 1.11 1.06 1.15 1.13 1.37 1.28 1.34

 Processed fruits and vegetables:

 Apple sauce, any variety, all sizes lb. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.76 0.77 0.84

 Orange juice, frozen concentrate 16 oz. 1.54 1.53 1.82 1.86 2.15 1.84 1.89 1.63 1.61 1.61 1.70 1.73

 Peaches, any variety, all sizes lb. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.88 0.92 0.95

 Beans, dried, any type, all sizes lb. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.68 0.69 0.72

 Corn, canned, any style, all sizes lb. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.64 0.70 0.74

 Potatoes, frozen, French fried lb. 0.70 0.69 0.70 0.75 0.84 0.85 0.87 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.90 0.94

 Tomatoes, canned, any type, all sizes lb. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.64 0.67 0.68

 Sugar:

 Sugar, white, all sizes lb. 0.35 0.35 0.37 0.40 0.43 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.42 0.43

 Sugar, white, 33-80 oz. package lb. 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.38 0.40 0.40 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.41 0.42

 Fats and oils:

 Margarine, stick lb. 0.79 0.69 0.73 0.82 0.84 0.87 0.85 0.80 0.82 0.83 0.81 0.83

 Margarine, soft tub lb. 1.02 0.97 1.04 1.17 NA 1.29 1.30 1.18 1.15 1.04 1.00 NA

 Shortening, vegetable oil blends lb. 0.87 0.78 0.85 0.93 0.92 0.87 0.83 0.80 0.85 0.89 0.87 0.87

 Peanut butter, creamy, all sizes lb. 1.60 1.80 1.79 1.81 1.89 2.15 1.94 1.79 1.85 1.80 1.79 1.78

 Other:

 Cola, nondiet, per 2 liter 67.6 oz. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.05 1.02 1.01

 Coffee, 100% ground roast, all sizes lb. 3.43 2.79 2.77 3.07 2.97 2.81 2.58 2.47 3.40 NA 3.41 4.11

 Coffee, instant, plain, regular, all sizes lb. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 10.56 9.96 10.35

 Potato chips lb. 2.68 2.75 2.62 2.86 2.96 2.96 2.90 2.88 2.97 3.01 3.06 3.13

 NA = Not available.

 Source: U.S. Department of Labor/Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 99--Food expenditures by families and individuals as a share of disposable personal income, 1970-97

Disposable Expenditures for food

Year personal

income At home 1/ Away from home 2/ Total 3/

 -------- Billion dollars -------- Pct. Bil. dol. Pct. Bil. dol. Pct. 

1970 727.1 74.2 10.2 26.4 3.6 100.6 13.8

1971 790.2 78.1 9.9 28.1 3.6 106.2 13.4

1972 855.3 84.4 9.9 31.3 3.7 115.8 13.5

1973 965.0 93.1 9.7 34.9 3.6 128.0 13.3

1974 1,054.2 105.4 10.0 38.5 3.7 143.9 13.7

1975 1,159.2 115.2 9.9 45.9 4.0 161.1 13.9

1976 1,273.0 123.1 9.7 52.6 4.1 175.7 13.8

1977 1,401.4 131.8 9.4 58.5 4.2 190.3 13.6

1978 1,580.1 145.3 9.2 67.5 4.3 212.8 13.5

1979 1,769.5 162.2 9.2 76.9 4.3 239.1 13.5

1980 1,973.3 179.1 9.1 85.2 4.3 264.4 13.4

1981 2,200.2 191.0 8.7 95.8 4.4 286.8 13.0

1982 2,347.3 198.4 8.5 104.5 4.5 302.9 12.9

1983 2,522.4 209.0 8.3 113.7 4.5 322.7 12.8

1984 2,810.0 220.9 7.9 121.9 4.3 342.8 12.2

1985 3,002.0 230.7 7.7 128.6 4.3 359.3 12.0

1986 3,187.6 239.3 7.5 137.9 4.3 377.2 11.8

1987 3,363.1 249.0 7.4 146.3 4.3 395.3 11.8

1988 3,640.8 261.9 7.2 157.6 4.3 419.5 11.5

1989 3,894.5 280.9 7.2 165.5 4.3 446.4 11.5

1990 4,166.8 306.0 7.3 177.6 4.3 483.6 11.6

1991 4,343.7 319.5 7.4 183.1 4.2 502.6 11.6

1992 4,626.7 321.6 7.0 192.0 4.2 513.6 11.1

1993 4,829.3 327.7 6.8 204.9 4.2 532.6 11.0

1994 5,052.7 344.6 6.8 214.7 4.2 559.3 11.1

1995 5,355.7 360.4 6.7 222.6 4.2 583.1 10.9

1996 5,608.3 376.0 6.7 230.1 4.1 606.2 10.8

1997 5,885.2 390.3 6.6 239.1 4.1 629.4 10.7

 1/ Food purchases from grocery stores and other retail outlets, including purchases with food stamps and WIC vouchers and food produced and 

consumed on farms (valued at farm prices) because the value of these foods is included in personal income. Excludes government-donated foods.

2/ Purchases of meals and snacks by familes and individuals, and food furnished employees since it is included in personal income. Excludes food 

paid for by government and business, such as donated foods to schools, meals in prisons and other institutions, and expense-account meals. 

3/ Total may not add due to rounding.

Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 100--Household expenditures for food in relation to income, after taxes, by income group, 1996 1/

Percentage Average number Food expenditures as a

Income group of total of persons percentage of income

households in household after taxes

 Percent 2/ Number Percent

 Under $5,000 3/ 5.6 1.7 132.8

 $5,000 - 9,999 11.2 1.7 34.2

 $10,000 - 14,999 10.9 2.1 26.7

 $15,000 - 19,999 9.3 2.3 21.3

 $20,000 - 29,999 15.2 2.5 17.7

 $30,000 - 39,999 11.9 2.7 15.4

 $40,000 - 49,999 9.1 2.9 13.7

 $50,000 - 69,999 13.0 3.1 12.0

 $70,000 and over 13.8 3.1 8.7

 Total households 100.0 2.5 14.1

 1/ Data are only for those households who reported at least one major source of income and thus were designated as complete income reporters. 

However, households may not have provided a full accounting of all income from all sources and nonmoney income is not included in the Consumer

Expenditure Survey but is included in disposable personal income (table 99). Under-reporting of income would cause an upward bias in the estimate 

of the percentage of income spent on food. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. 3/ Includes negative incomes of households reporting business

losses.

 Source: U.S. Department of Labor/Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Prices, "Consumer Expenditure Survey." Percentages computed by USDA.
Table 101--Percent of total personal consumption expenditures spent on food and alcoholic beverages that

were consumed at home, by selected countries, 1994

Percent of total personal 

Country consumption expenditures Personal consumption expenditures

Food 2/ Alcoholic beverages Total 3/ Food

----------------- Percent ----------------- --------------- Dollars per person ---------------

United States 1/

 ERS estimate 7.4 1.0 17,489 1,294

 PCE estimate 8.4 1.7 17,489 1,469

Canada 10.3 2.4 11,581 1,193

United Kingdom 11.2 6.1 11,192 1,254

Netherlands 11.4 1.4 13,147 1,499

Hong Kong 12.3 0.7 12,602 1,550

Luxembourg (1991) 12.5 1.3 13,781 1,723

Singapore 13.8 1.6 9,268 1,279

Belgium 13.9 1.3 14,023 1,949

Sweden 14.6 2.7 12,217 1,784

Denmark 14.7 2.5 15,045 2,212

France 14.8 1.9 13,874 2,053

Australia 14.9 4.4 11,624 1,732

Austria 15.3 1.9 13,735 2,101

New Zealand 15.4 4/ NA 8,908 1,372

Finland 15.5 3.9 10,690 1,657

Puerto Rico 16.8 2.4 6,792 1,141

Italy 17.2 1.0 10,991 1,890

Germany 17.3 4/ NA 12,327 2,133

Japan 17.6 5/ NA 21,830 3,842

Spain (1993) 18.2 1.4 7,753 1,411

Ireland 19.0 12.0 8,157 1,550

Iceland 19.0 2.8 13,838 2,629

Norway (1993) 19.8 3.1 12,371 2,449

Israel 20.5 0.9 9,117 1,869

Portugal (1993) 23.2 3.1 5,238 3,557

Thailand 23.3 3.8 1,360 317

Switzerland 24.4 5/ NA 21,349 3,886

Fiji (1991) 24.4 3.6 1,352 918

Mexico 24.5 2.5 3,267 1,101

South Africa 27.5 6.5 1,846 508

Hungary 27.5 6.3 2,376 653

Cyprus 28.3 3.5 5,964 1,688

Korea, Republic of 29.1 5/ NA 4,596 1,544

Colombia (1992) 29.6 3.7 890 263

Peru (1990) 31.0 5/ NA 1,160 788

Greece 31.7 2.9 5,390 1,709

Malta (1993) 32.3 4.2 4,632 1,496

Ecuador (1993) 32.8 3.2 935 307

Bolivia 34.8 4/ NA 640 240

Venezuela 38.2 4/ NA 1,964 737

Sri Lanka 49.3 1.8 220 108

India 51.3 0.5 195 100

Philippines 55.6 4/ NA 659 364

 NA = Not available.

 1/ Two sets of figures are shown for the United States. The first, and we believe most accurate, set is based on ERS estimates of 

U.S. food and beverage expenditures by families and individuals. The second set is based on the U.S. Department of Commerce

estimates of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) for food and beverages, and is used by the UN. The ERS estimate is lower 

than the PCE estimate partly because it excludes pet food, ice, and prepared feed, which are included in the PCE estimates. The ERS

estimates also deduct more from grocery store sales for nonfoods, such as drugs and household supplies, in arriving at the estimate

for food purchases for at-home consumption. 2/ Includes nonalcoholic beverages. 3/ Consumer expenditures for goods and services. 

4/ Food includes nonalcoholic and alcoholic beverages. 5/ Food includes nonalcoholic and alcoholic beverages and tobacco. 

 Source: Computed by Birgit Meade ((202) 694-5159), ERS, mainly from data provided by the United Nations (UN) System of 

National Accounts.
Table 102--Food and alcoholic beverages: Total expenditures, 1970-97 1/

Alcoholic beverages Food away from home Food at home

All Supplied Home

Total Drinks Packaged food Total and Sales Total production Sales Year

2/ 2/ 2/ donated 2/ and

3/ donations

Million dollars

22,003 9,069 12,934 117,110 39,583 5,806 33,777 77,527 4,086 73,441 1970

23,645 9,553 14,092 123,697 42,251 6,155 36,096 81,446 4,080 77,366 1971

24,636 9,576 15,060 134,520 46,587 6,147 40,440 87,933 4,297 83,636 1972

26,778 10,573 16,205 149,936 52,650 7,488 45,162 97,286 5,217 92,069 1973

29,051 11,316 17,735 168,297 58,045 9,121 48,924 110,252 6,114 104,138 1974

31,794 12,526 19,268 187,959 68,109 10,261 57,848 119,850 5,975 113,875 1975

33,996 13,590 20,406 204,668 76,833 11,195 65,638 127,835 6,149 121,686 1976

36,633 14,960 21,673 222,167 84,835 12,062 72,773 137,332 6,808 130,524 1977

39,998 16,668 23,330 247,167 96,084 13,855 82,229 151,083 7,204 143,879 1978

44,994 18,893 26,101 277,374 109,171 15,302 93,869 168,203 7,712 160,491 1979

50,039 20,656 29,383 306,074 120,296 17,177 103,119 185,778 8,415 177,363 1980

53,662 22,255 31,407 329,197 130,914 17,861 113,053 198,283 9,043 189,240 1981

55,449 22,708 32,741 345,359 139,776 18,262 121,514 205,583 8,931 196,652 1982

59,194 23,709 35,485 367,273 150,883 18,579 132,304 216,390 9,258 207,132 1983

61,551 24,774 36,777 388,593 161,046 19,177 141,869 227,547 8,610 218,937 1984

64,045 25,846 38,199 404,518 168,831 18,993 149,838 235,687 6,998 228,689 1985

67,644 27,632 40,012 426,126 181,695 19,388 162,307 244,431 7,185 237,246 1986

70,452 29,982 40,470 453,555 198,926 19,036 179,890 254,629 7,536 247,093 1987

72,683 31,658 41,025 484,787 217,252 20,355 196,897 267,535 7,619 259,916 1988

75,622 32,501 43,121 518,087 231,508 21,650 209,858 286,579 7,684 278,895 1989

81,069 34,629 46,440 559,818 248,209 23,004 225,204 311,609 7,706 303,903 1990

82,501 35,190 47,311 580,225 255,598 24,187 231,411 324,627 7,334 317,292 1991

82,545 36,216 46,329 591,364 264,908 25,212 239,696 326,456 7,202 319,254 1992

82,905 36,875 46,030 610,585 278,461 25,700 252,761 332,124 6,819 325,305 1993

85,104 37,528 47,576 638,771 289,660 26,476 263,184 349,111 7,197 341,914 1994

87,242 39,015 48,227 663,001 298,331 27,176 271,155 364,670 7,099 357,571 1995

90,876 40,767 50,109 688,318 308,224 27,892 280,332 380,095 7,157 372,937 1996

94,530 42,601 51,928 714,868 320,275 28,829 291,445 394,593 7,422 387,171 1997

 1/ See "Developing an Integrated Information System for the Food Sector," AER-575, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, August 1987, for a description ofUSDA total food expenditures. 2/ Computed from unrounded data. 3/ Includes child nutrition subsidies.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 103--Food at home: Total expenditures, 1970-97 1/

Food sales

Home Farmers, Home

Total production Total manufacturers, delivery Other Food Year

4/ and sales 4/ and and mail stores 3/ stores 2/

donations wholesalers order

Million dollars

77,527 4,086 73,441 1,813 2,383 3,765 65,480 197081,446 4,080 77,366 1,828 2,373 4,004 69,161 1971

87,933 4,297 83,636 1,828 2,423 3,865 75,520 1972

97,286 5,217 92,069 2,019 2,294 4,556 83,200 1973

110,252 6,114 104,138 2,297 2,233 5,079 94,529 1974

119,850 5,975 113,875 2,536 1,976 5,739 103,624 1975

127,835 6,149 121,686 2,724 1,886 6,283 110,793 1976

137,332 6,808 130,524 2,934 2,264 7,070 118,256 1977

151,083 7,204 143,879 3,221 2,385 7,705 130,568 1978

168,203 7,712 160,491 3,565 2,567 8,416 145,943 1979

185,778 8,415 177,363 3,901 2,762 9,261 161,439 1980

198,283 9,043 189,240 4,146 2,729 10,138 172,227 1981

205,583 8,931 196,652 4,215 2,616 10,677 179,144 1982

216,390 9,258 207,132 4,312 2,676 12,831 187,313 1983

227,547 8,610 218,937 4,493 2,785 14,599 197,060 1984

235,687 6,998 228,689 4,637 2,768 16,360 204,924 1985

244,431 7,185 237,246 4,672 2,910 19,271 210,393 1986

254,629 7,536 247,093 5,267 3,383 20,761 217,682 1987

267,535 7,619 259,916 5,638 4,043 22,882 227,353 1988

286,579 7,684 278,895 6,090 4,602 26,341 241,862 1989

311,609 7,706 303,903 6,331 5,336 30,158 262,078 1990

324,627 7,334 317,292 6,604 5,785 33,692 271,211 1991

326,456 7,202 319,254 6,747 6,404 36,006 270,098 1992

332,124 6,819 325,305 7,000 7,058 38,659 272,587 1993

349,111 7,197 341,914 7,054 8,362 40,596 285,902 1994

364,670 7,099 357,571 7,579 8,812 47,976 293,204 1995

380,095 7,157 372,937 7,821 9,788 52,396 302,933 1996

394,593 7,422 387,171 8,362 10,337 58,878 309,594 1997

 1/ See "Developing an Integrated Information System for the Food Sector," AER-575, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, August 1987, for adescription of USDA total food expenditures. 2/ Excludes sales to restaurants and institutions. 3/ Includes eating and drinking establishments, trailer parks, commissary stores, and military exchanges. 4/ Computed from unrounded data.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 104--Food away from home: Total expenditures, 1970-97 1/

Retail

All Schools Recreational stores, Hotels Eating

Total other and places direct and and drinking Year

7/ 6/ colleges 4/ selling motels places

5/ 4/ 3/ 2/

Million dollars

39,583 6,551 4,475 721 3,325 1,894 22,617 1970

42,251 6,621 4,990 762 3,626 2,086 24,166 1971

46,587 7,017 5,370 832 3,811 2,390 27,167 1972

52,650 7,960 5,605 963 4,218 2,639 31,265 1973

58,045 9,178 6,287 1,167 4,520 2,864 34,029 1974

68,109 10,145 7,060 1,369 4,952 3,199 41,384 1975

76,833 10,822 7,854 1,511 5,341 3,769 47,536 1976

84,835 11,547 8,413 2,606 5,663 4,115 52,491 1977

96,084 13,012 9,034 2,810 6,323 4,863 60,042 1978

109,171 14,756 9,914 2,921 7,157 5,551 68,872 1979120,296 16,194 11,115 3,040 8,158 5,906 75,883 1980130,914 17,751 11,357 2,979 8,830 6,639 83,358 1981139,776 18,663 11,692 2,887 9,256 6,888 90,390 1982150,883 19,077 12,338 3,271 9,827 7,660 98,710 1983161,046 20,047 12,950 3,489 10,315 8,409 105,836 1984168,831 20,133 13,534 3,737 10,499 9,168 111,760 1985181,695 20,755 14,401 4,059 11,116 9,665 121,699 1986198,926 21,122 14,300 4,237 12,121 11,117 136,029 1987217,252 22,887 14,929 4,952 13,297 11,905 149,282 1988231,508 24,581 15,728 5,841 14,575 12,179 158,604 1989248,209 26,189 16,767 6,859 16,223 12,508 169,663 1990255,598 27,080 17,959 7,489 16,939 12,460 173,672 1991264,908 27,878 18,983 8,401 17,502 13,205 178,939 1992278,461 28,456 20,152 9,044 18,334 13,613 188,861 1993289,660 29,174 21,434 9,552 19,822 14,416 195,262 1994298,331 29,923 22,310 10,402 21,198 15,149 199,349 1995

308,224 30,680 23,017 11,266 22,897 16,011 204,352 1996

320,275 31,687 23,756 11,875 24,077 17,447 211,434 1997

 1/ See "Developing an Integrated Information System for the Food Sector," AER-575, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, August 1987, for adescription of USDA total food expenditures. 2/ Includes tips. 3/ Includes vending machine operators but not vending machines operated by organizations. 4/ Motionpicture theaters, bowling alleys, pool parlors, sport arenas, camps, amusement parks, golf and country clubs (includes concessions beginning in 1977). 5/ Includes school food subsidies. 6/ Military exchanges and clubs; railroad dining cars; airlines; food service in manufacturing plants, institutions, hospitals, boarding houses, fraternitiesand sororities, and civic and social organizations; and food supplied to military forces, civilian employees, and child daycare. 7/ Computed from unrounded data.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 105--Alcoholic beverages: Total expenditures, 1970-97 1/

Alcoholic drinks away from home Packaged alcoholic beverages at home

Total Hotels Eating and

2/ Total All and drinking Total All Food Liquor Year

2/ other motels places 2/ other stores stores

3/ 3/

Million dollars

22,003 9,069 657 760 7,652 12,934 1,064 4,199 7,671 1970

23,645 9,553 678 849 8,026 14,092 1,102 4,484 8,506 197124,636 9,576 704 961 7,911 15,060 1,113 5,137 8,810 197226,778 10,573 757 1,069 8,747 16,205 1,254 5,715 9,236 1973

29,051 11,316 778 1,167 9,371 17,735 1,355 6,432 9,948 1974

31,794 12,526 887 1,315 10,324 19,268 1,519 7,068 10,681 1975

33,996 13,590 947 1,555 11,088 20,406 1,717 7,519 11,170 197636,633 14,960 1,266 1,713 11,981 21,673 1,946 8,041 11,686 197739,998 16,668 1,303 2,023 13,342 23,330 2,222 8,929 12,179 1978

44,994 18,893 1,435 2,306 15,152 26,101 2,480 10,093 13,528 1979

50,039 20,656 1,484 2,450 16,722 29,383 2,816 11,590 14,977 1980

53,662 22,255 1,528 2,751 17,976 31,407 3,141 12,618 15,648 1981

55,449 22,708 1,488 2,849 18,371 32,741 3,378 13,379 15,984 1982

59,194 23,709 1,620 3,051 19,038 35,485 3,878 14,789 16,818 1983

61,551 24,774 1,691 3,220 19,863 36,777 4,158 16,622 15,997 1984

64,045 25,846 1,816 3,371 20,659 38,199 4,152 16,989 17,058 1985

67,644 27,632 1,935 3,406 22,291 40,012 5,031 17,631 17,350 1986

70,452 29,982 3,087 3,691 23,204 40,470 4,990 18,197 17,283 1987

72,683 31,658 3,367 3,855 24,436 41,025 5,298 18,721 17,007 1988

75,622 32,501 3,659 3,839 25,004 43,121 6,004 19,824 17,292 1989

81,069 34,629 4,035 3,823 26,771 46,440 6,685 21,158 18,597 1990

82,501 35,190 4,202 3,687 27,301 47,311 7,005 21,183 19,123 1991

82,545 36,216 4,602 3,774 27,839 46,329 6,980 20,921 18,428 1992

82,905 36,875 4,799 3,814 28,262 46,030 7,154 20,699 18,178 1993

85,104 37,528 4,982 3,993 28,553 47,576 7,232 21,787 18,557 1994

87,242 39,015 5,307 4,222 29,486 48,227 7,571 22,276 18,381 1995

90,876 40,767 5,631 4,463 30,673 50,109 7,764 23,138 19,208 1996

94,530 42,601 5,964 4,863 31,774 51,928 8,051 23,579 20,298 1997

 1/ See "Developing an Integrated Information System for the Food Sector," AER-575, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, August 1987, for adescription of USDA total food expenditures. 2/ Computed from unrounded data. 3/ Includes tips.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 106--Food expenditures, by source of funds, 1970-97

Produced Families

Total Businesses Governments at and Year

4/ 3/ 2/ home individuals 1/

Million dollars

117,110 11,291 4,358 3,811 97,650 1970123,697 11,946 5,286 3,819 102,646 1971

134,520 13,185 5,810 4,072 111,453 1972149,936 14,692 6,472 5,065 123,707 1973168,297 15,936 8,544 6,025 137,792 1974187,959 18,383 10,251 5,956 153,369 1975

204,668 20,389 10,905 6,128 167,246 1976

222,167 21,934 11,260 6,775 182,198 1977

247,167 23,439 12,254 7,163 204,311 1978

277,374 27,053 15,173 7,665 227,483 1979

306,074 29,273 17,860 8,335 250,606 1980

329,197 29,938 19,469 8,953 270,837 1981

345,359 30,551 19,577 8,534 286,697 1982

367,273 31,945 22,046 8,005 305,277 1983

388,593 33,292 22,068 7,403 325,830 1984

404,518 34,120 21,905 5,929 342,564 1985

426,126 36,940 22,105 6,158 360,923 1986

453,555 45,851 21,861 6,504 379,339 1987

484,787 52,393 22,914 6,795 402,685 1988

518,087 58,404 24,387 6,899 428,396 1989

559,818 62,785 27,290 7,313 462,430 1990

580,225 63,904 32,020 6,849 477,452 1991

591,364 63,808 35,626 6,758 485,172 1992

610,585 64,448 37,143 6,383 502,611 1993

638,771 65,631 38,549 6,805 527,787 1994

663,001 66,245 38,757 6,814 551,186 1995

688,318 68,479 38,722 6,839 574,279 1996

714,868 71,080 35,758 7,166 600,864 1997

 Note: The figures in this table differ from those in table 99. This table breaks down total food expenditures in table 102 by source of funds. Table 99 deals only with the portions of total expenditures that are paid out of personal income. 1/ Excludes food purchased with food stamps and WIC vouchers, which is included in table 101. 2/ Includes food stamps and WIC vouchers. 3/ Includes philanthropic donations. 4/ Computed from unrounded data.Source: USDA/Economic Research Service.
Table 107--Population: Total, resident, and civilian, 1970-98 1/

Total, including

Civilian Resident Armed Forces overseas Year

July 1 January 1 July 1 January 1 July 1 January 1

Millions

201.895 200.466 203.984 202.717 205.052 203.849 1970

204.866 203.499 206.827 205.546 207.661 206.466 1971

207.511 206.324 209.284 208.224 209.896 208.917 1972

209.600 208.580 211.357 210.410 211.909 210.985 1973

211.636 210.676 213.342 212.418 213.854 212.932 1974

213.788 212.738 215.465 214.428 215.973 214.931 1975

215.894 214.957 217.563 216.609 218.035 217.095 1976

218.106 217.046 219.760 218.706 220.239 219.179 1977

220.467 219.358 222.095 220.995 222.585 221.477 1978

222.969 221.769 224.567 223.378 225.055 223.865 1979

225.621 224.374 227.225 225.945 227.726 226.451 1980

227.818 226.821 229.466 228.446 229.966 228.937 1981

229.995 229.000 231.664 230.645 232.188 231.157 1982

232.097 231.138 233.792 232.803 234.307 233.322 1983

234.110 233.188 235.825 234.868 236.348 235.385 1984

236.219 235.255 237.924 236.938 238.466 237.468 1985

238.412 237.410 240.133 239.109 240.651 239.638 1986

240.550 239.525 242.289 241.267 242.804 241.784 1987

242.817 241.732 244.499 243.462 245.021 243.981 1988

245.131 244.022 246.819 245.705 247.342 246.224 1989

247.799 246.464 249.440 248.143 249.949 248.659 1990

250.513 249.237 252.124 250.689 252.636 251.370 1991

253.417 252.001 255.002 253.593 255.382 254.024 1992

256.280 254.983 257.753 256.486 258.089 256.836 1993

258.880 257.665 260.292 259.098 260.602 259.417 1994

261.409 260.209 262.761 261.575 263.039 261.865 1995

263.893 262.703 265.179 264.010 265.453 264.281 1996

266.384 265.223 267.636 266.487 267.901 266.753 1997

268.802 267.689 270.029 268.922 270.290 269.182 1998

 1/ Estimates for July 1, 1980, and thereafter are based on the April 1, 1990, population as enumerated in the 1990 census. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census.