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NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE FACT BOOK 

Natio n al In stitutes of Healt h

Natio n al Heart, L u n g, a n d Blood In stitute

Fact Book

Fiscal Year

2011

February 2012

For Administrative Use

National Institutes

of Health

National Heart, Lung,

and Blood Institute

iii

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Contents

 Contents 

 Figures ................................................................................................................................................. v

 Tables ................................................................................................................................................ vii

 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory .......................................................................................................... 1

 2. Program Overview ........................................................................................................................ 9

 3. Important Events ......................................................................................................................... 19

 4. Disease Statistics ......................................................................................................................... 33

 5. Institute-Initiated Programs Starting in FY 2011 ........................................................................ 53

 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees ........................................................................................ 59

 7. Fiscal Year 2011 Budget Overview ............................................................................................. 65

 8. Long-Term Trends ...................................................................................................................... 67

 9. Research Grants .......................................................................................................................... 77

 10. Research and Development Contracts ...................................................................................... 101

 11. Clinical Trials ............................................................................................................................ 111

 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities ............................................. 135

 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs ............................................................ 155

 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2011 ............................................................. 165

 Appendixes

 Types of Research Activity ....................................................................................................... 187

 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................ 193

 Index ......................................................................................................................................... 195 

v

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Contents

 Figures 

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

 Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2008 ................................................................................................................ 35

 Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2008 ............................................................... 35

 Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 2008 ........................................................................................... 36

 Deaths From Lung Diseases, U.S., 2008 ........................................................................................................... 36

 Deaths From Blood Diseases, U.S., 2008 ......................................................................................................... 36

 Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2008 .................................................................................. 37

 Death Rates for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2008 .............................................................................. 37

 Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2008 .................................................................................. 38

 Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2008 ................................................................ 38

 Deaths Attributed to Heart Failure, U.S., 1970–2008 ....................................................................................... 39

 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2008 ............. 40

 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2008 ......................................... 40

 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2008 ....................................................... 41

 Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead 

From Hospitals, U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2009 .................................................................................................. 41

 Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Males, Ages 35–74 Years, in Selected Countries, 

1970–2009...................................................................................................................................................... 42

 Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Females, Ages 35–74 Years, in Selected Countries, 

1970–2009...................................................................................................................................................... 42

 Percent Change in Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Selected Causes by Race and Sex, U.S., 

1999–2008...................................................................................................................................................... 43

 Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2008 ............................................................................. 43

 Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2008 ........................................................................................ 44

 Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2008 ............................................ 44

 Death Rates for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases in Males, Ages 35 Years and Older, 

in Selected Countries, 1980–2009 ................................................................................................................... 45

 Death Rates for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases in Females, Ages 35 Years and Older, in 

Selected Countries, 1980–2009 ....................................................................................................................... 45

 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases by Race/Ethnicity 

and Sex, U.S., 1999–2008 ............................................................................................................................... 46

 Physician Offi ce Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 2000–2009 ............................................................................ 46

 Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults by Age and Sex, U.S., 2005–2008 ......................................... 47

 Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2005–2010 ...................................... 48

 Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2010 ........................ 48

 Hypertensive Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Ages 18 Years and Older, U.S.,

1976–1980 to 2005–2008 ................................................................................................................................ 49

 Adult Population With Hypertension by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex, U.S., 2005–2008 ................................ 49

 Hospitalization Rates for Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 Years and 65 Years and Older, U.S., 1971–2009 ............. 50

 Prevalence of Asthma Episodes in Previous 12 Months by Age, U.S., 1997–2010 ............................................ 50

 Total Economic Cost of the Leading Diagnostic Groups, U.S., 2008 ............................................................... 52 
vi

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Contents

 Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2010 Budget Overview

 NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category ..................................................................................................65

 NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program .....................................................................................................65

 Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

 NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Current Dollars ...............................................................................................................................................69

Constant 2001 Dollars .....................................................................................................................................69

 NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 .......................................................71

 NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 .....................................72

 NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards:

Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ....................................................................................................................................72

 NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Dollars ............................................................................................................................................................74

Percent of Total Extramural Budget ................................................................................................................75

 Chapter 9. Research Grants

 NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category ......................................................................................................78

 NHLBI Research Project Grants, Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ....................................................................................................................................78

 NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Number Reviewed and Awarded .....................................................................................................................79

 Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate) ...............................................................................79

 NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ....................80

 NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ........................................................82

 Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

 NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ..............................101

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

 NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ............................155

 NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 .......................................................................155

 NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ..............................................................................................161

 Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2011

 Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2011.......................................................................165
vii

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Contents

 Tables 

 Chapter 2. Program Overview

 Programs Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ............................................................10

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

 Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1988 and 2008 .........................................................................................................................................35

 Deaths From Specifi c Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2008 ....................................................36

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases,

U.S., 1963, 1988, and 2008 ...............................................................................................................................39

 Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2008 ..............................................44

 Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2005–2010 ....................................................47

 Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2008 .................................................51 

Direct Economic Cost and Percent Distribution for Selected Conditions by Type 

of Service, U.S., 2008 .......................................................................................................................................52

 Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2010 Budget Overview

 NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2011 ........................................................................65

 NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2011 ........................................................................66

 NHLBI Cardiovascular Sciences Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2011 ...................................................................................66

 NHLBI Lung Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2011 ...................................................................................66

 NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2011 ...................................................................................6 6 

 Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

 Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2011 ...................................................................................67

 NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Current Dollars ...............................................................................................................................................70

Constant 2001 Dollars .....................................................................................................................................70

 NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 .......................................................71

 NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ..................................................................................................71

 NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Dollars ............................................................................................................................................................73

 Percent of Total Extramural Budget ................................................................................................................73

 NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Dollars ............................................................................................................................................................74

Percent of Total Extramural Budget ................................................................................................................75
viii

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Contents

Chapter 9. Research Grants

 NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2011 ................................................................77

 NHLBI Research Project Grants, Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

 Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ..................................................................................................................................78

 NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

 Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded .....................................................................................79

 NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ....................80

 NHLBI Research Project Grants: Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ......................81

 Facility and Administrative (F&A) Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants: Fiscal Years 

2001–2011........................................................................................................................................................81

 NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ........................................................82

 NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10, U19) Programs ...........................................................................83

 NHLBI Centers of Research Program (P50) ......................................................................................................96

 Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

 NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ..............................101

 Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program ..................................................................102

 Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

 NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ............................................................111

 NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2011: Summary by Program ..................................116

 Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Contracts .......................................................................................................................................................118

Cooperative Agreements ...............................................................................................................................120

 Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2010: Summary by Program

Contracts .......................................................................................................................................................122

Cooperative Agreements ...............................................................................................................................122

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

 Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2011 ......................156

 History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 .............................................................157

 Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ..................................................................158

 NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ..........................................................................159

 NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 .........................................................160

 NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research 

Supplements Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 .........................................................................161

 NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type on Grants: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 .........................162

 NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type on Contracts: Fiscal 

Years 2001–2011 ............................................................................................................................................162

 NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type on Grants: 

Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ..................................................................................................................................163

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type on Contracts: 

Fiscal Years 2001–2011 ..................................................................................................................................163

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2011

 Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2011 ....................................................166 
1

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book 

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory* 

Offi ce of the Director Bldg. Room Phone MSC**† 

Acting Director, Susan B. Shurin, M.D. ............................... 31 5A48 496–5166 2486

Acting Deputy Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. .......... 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Chief of Staff, Sheila Pohl ................................................... 31 5A48 594–5355 2486

Administrative Offi cer, Cheryl R. Wagoner ..................... 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Executive Offi cer, Kathleen B. O’Sullivan...................... ....... 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Deputy Executive Offi cer, Timothy J. Wheeles ..................... 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Administrative Offi cer, Cheryl R. Wagoner ..................... 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Associate Director for Basic Research,

Alan M. Michelson, M.D., Ph.D. ..................................... 31 5A48 594–5353 2490

Center for Biomedical Informatics

Acting Director, Kathleen B. O’Sullivan, Ph.D. ............... RKL1‡

 6100 435–0119 7994

Administrative Offi cer, Kathleen D. Rechen ................ RKL2§

 8095 435–6373 7921

Customer Support Branch

Acting Chief, Brian Kotula ......................................... RKL1§

 6106 435–0119 7994

Infrastructure Engineering Branch

Chief, Christopher E. Olaes ........................................ RKL1 6212 435–0119 7994

Operation and Performance Management Branch

Acting Chief, Matthew Raschka ................................. RKL1 6112 435–0119 7994

Software Engineering Branch

Acting Chief, Zeyad Mobassaleh ................................ RKL1 6104 435–0119 7994

Center for Population Studies

Director, Daniel Levy, M.D. ............................................ 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2

 Framingham, MA 01702–5827

 508–935–3458

Associate Director, 

Christopher J. O’Donnell, M.D., M.P.H. .................... 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2

 Framingham, MA 01702–5827

 508–935–3435 

Ethics Offi ce

Director, Nancy O’Hanlon, J.D. ...................................... 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Lead Ethics Specialist, Kim Y. Brinson ............................ 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Ethics Coordinator, Hedy S. Tam.................................... 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Administrative Offi cer, Cheryl R. Wagoner ................ 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

* Current as of September 30, 2011. For locating personnel not listed, the general information number is 301–496–4000. All 

listed phone numbers are in area code 301. The Personnel Directory, which is periodically updated throughout the year, is 

located on the NHLBI Home Page under About NHLBI.

** MSC—Mail Stop Code.

†

 Full mailing address formats are located at the end of this chapter.

‡

 RKL1—Rockledge I Building.

§

 RKL2—Rockledge II Building.
2

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Offi ce of the Director (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Offi ce of Administrative Management

Executive Offi cer, Kathleen B. O’Sullivan ................................ 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Deputy Executive Offi cer, Timothy J. Wheeles ........................ 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Administrative Offi cer, Cheryl R. Wagoner........................ 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Program Advisor, Marilyn G. Jackson .................................... 31 5A25 594–4690 2490

Administrative Offi cer, Tho-Van Tran ................................ 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Extramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Loretta L. Usilton .................................................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Financial Management Branch

Chief, Sandra L. Gault ....................................................... 31 5A34 496–4653 2490

Freedom of Information and Privacy Act Branch

Chief, Suzanne A. Freeman ................................................ RKL1 6070 496–9737 7957

Management Policy and Administrative Services Branch

Chief, Alesha M. Holiday ................................................... 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Acting Deputy Chief, Jim Mitchel ..................................... 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Administrative Offi cer, Cheryl R. Wagoner ................... 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Offi ce of Workforce Management

Director, Gwen G. Platt ...................................................... RKL1 6070 496–1763 7957

Offi ce of Communications

Director, Sally McDonough ..................................................... 31 4A31 496–5804 2490

Deputy Director, Susan G. Dambrauskas ................................ 31 4A31 496–4236 2480

 Administrative Offi cer, Tho-Van Tran ............................... 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Health Campaigns and Consumer Services Branch

Chief, Ann M. Taubenheim, Ph.D. ...................................... 31 4A31 496–4236 2480

Public Affairs Branch

Chief, Diane E. Striar ........................................................ 31 4A31 496–4236 2480

Offi ce of Global Health

Director, Arun Chockalingam, Ph.D., M.S. ............................ 31 5A06 496–3620 2490

Deputy Director, Cristina Rabadan-Diehl, Ph.D., M.P.H. ....... 31 5A06 496–3620 2490

Administrative Offi cer, Tho-Van Tran ................................ 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Offi ce of Research Training and Minority Health

Director, Helena O. Mishoe, Ph.D., M.P.H. ............................ RKL2 9093C 451–5081 7913

Deputy Director, Chitra Krishnamurti, Ph.D. .......................... RKL2 9093C 451–5081 7913

Administrative Offi cer, Roy Rich ........................................ RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Offi ce of Science and Technology

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. ..................................... 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Deputy Director, Barbara R. Marzetta, M.S........................... 31 5A07 496–9899 2482

Administrative Offi cer, Cheryl R. Wagoner ........................ 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Program Studies and Reports Program

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. ................................ 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Science and Special Issues Program

Director, Barbara R. Marzetta, M.S. ................................. 31 5A07 496–9899 2482

Offi ce of Public Liaison 

Coordinator, Hilary S. Leeds, J.D. ..................................... 31 5A07 594–9869 2482
3

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Offi ce of the Director (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC 

Offi ce of Technology Transfer and Development

Director, Alan H. Deutch ................................................... RKL1 6018 402–5579 7992

Administrative Offi cer, Terri B. Pike ............................. RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Division of Cardiovascular Sciences 

Offi ce of the Director

Director, Michael S. Lauer, M.D. ............................................ RKL2 8128 435–0422 7959 

 Deputy Director, Sonia I. Skarlatos, Ph.D. ................................. RKL2 8248 435–0466 7940

Administrative Offi cer, Lisa A. Freeny .................................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Offi ce of Special Projects

Special Assistant for Clinical Studies,

David J. Gordon, M.D., Ph.D. ............................................ RKL2 8134 435–0534 7940

Offi ce of Biostatistics Research

Director, Nancy L. Geller, Ph.D. ............................................. RKL2 9202 435–0434 7913

Offi ce of Research Training and Career Development

Director, Jane D. Scott, Sc.D., M.S.N. .................................... RKL2 8138 435–0535 7940

Adult and Pediatric Cardiac Research Program

Director, Gail D. Pearson, M.D., Sc.D. .................................... RKL2 8104 435–0510 7940

Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease Branch

Chief, Yves D. Rosenberg, M.D. ......................................... RKL2 8146 435–1292 7956

Heart Developmental and Structural Diseases Branch

Chief, Jonathan R. Kaltman, M.D. ..................................... RKL2 8104 435–0510 7940

Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch

Chief, David A. Lathrop, Ph.D. .......................................... RKL2 8170 435–0504 7956

Basic and Early Translational Research Program

Director, Denis B. Buxton, Ph.D.............................................. RKL2 8216 435–0513 7940

Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch

Chief, Marissa Miller, D.V.M., M.P.H. .............................. RKL2 8214 435–0513 7940

Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch

Chief, Zorina S. Galis, Ph.D. .............................................. RKL2 8116 435–0560 7940 

Prevention and Population Sciences Program

Director, Diane E. Bild, M.D., M.P.H. .................................... RKL2 10018 435–0457 7936

Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch

Chief, Lawrence J. Fine, M.D. ............................................ RKL2 10216 435–0305 7936

Epidemiology Branch

Chief, Paul D. Sorlie, Ph.D. ................................................ RKL2 10210 435–0456 7936

Women’s Health Initiative Branch 

Chief, Jacques E. Rossouw, M.D......................................... RKL2 9192 402–2900 7913

Jackson Heart Study

Director, (Vacant) .............................................................. 350 West Woodrow Wilson Drive

 Jackson, MS 39213

 601–979–8754

Division of Lung Diseases 

Offi ce of the Director

Director, James P. Kiley, Ph.D., M.S. ...................................... RKL2 10042 435–0233 7952

Deputy Director, Gail G. Weinmann, M.D. ............................. RKL2 10042 435–0233 7952

Administrative Offi cer, Amy W. Sheetz............................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921
4

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Division of Lung Diseases (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC 

Airway Biology and Disease Branch

Chief, Thomas L. Croxton, Ph.D., M.D. ............................ RKL2 10042 435–0202 7952

Lung Biology and Disease Branch

Chief, Dorothy B. Gail, Ph.D. ............................................. RKL2 10042 435–0222 7952

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Director, Michael J. Twery, Ph.D. ...................................... RKL2 10042 435–0199 7952

Research Training Programs

Leader, Sandra Colombini Hatch, M.D. ............................. RLK2 10042 435–0222 7952

Leader, Ann E. Rothgeb ..................................................... RLK2 10042 435–0202 7952

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

Offi ce of the Director

Director, W. Keith Hoots, M.D. ............................................... RKL2 9136 435–0080 7950

Deputy Director, Donna M. DiMichele, M.D.. ........................ RKL2 9132 435–0080 7950

Administrative Offi cer, Amy W. Sheetz............................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Senior Program Analyst, Susan E. Pucie. ................................ RKL2 9138 435–0080 7950

Blood Diseases Branch

Chief, Harvey S. Luksenburg, M.D. .................................... RKL2 9160 435–0050 7950

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch

Acting Chief, Donna M. DiMichele, M.D. ......................... RKL2 9132 435–0080 7950

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics Branch

Chief, Simone A. Glynn, M.D. ............................................ RKL2 9142 435–0065 7950

Research Training Programs

Leader, Lis Welniak, Ph.D. ................................................ RKL2 9143 435–0065 7950

Leader, Rita Sarkar, Ph.D. ................................................. RKL2 9161 435–0070 7950

Leader, Ellen M. Werner, Ph.D. ......................................... RKL2 9162 435–0050 7950

Leader, Henry Chang, M.D. ............................................... RKL2 9176 435–0080 7950

Division for the Application of Research Discoveries

Director, Denise G. Simons-Morton, M.D, Ph.D. ......................... 31 4A11 496–5437 2480

Acting Deputy Director, Karen A. Donato, S.M. ........................ 31 4A11 496–1051 2480

Administrative Offi cer, Tho-Van Tran ..................................... 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Senior Manager for Program Operations

Mishyelle Croom, M.A. ...................................................... 31 4A11 496–5437 2480

Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Branch

Acting Chief, Karen A. Donato, S.M. ...................................... 31 4A11 496–1051 2480

Research Translation Branch

Acting Chief, Denise G. Simons-Morton, M.D., Ph.D. ............ 31 4A11 496–5437 2480

Division of Extramural Research Activities

Offi ce of the Director

Director, Stephen C. Mockrin, Ph.D. ...................................... RKL2 7100 435–0260 7922

Deputy Director, Jodi B. Black, Ph.D. .................................... RKL2 7104 435–0260 7922

Chief of Staff, Marianna Mertts, Ph.D. .................................. RKL2 7220 435–0260 7922

Administrative Offi cer, Veronica M. VanWagner ................ RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Offi ce of Acquisitions

Director, John C. Taylor ..................................................... RKL2 6100 435–0330 7902

Deputy Director, Christopher J. Belt .................................. RKL2 6106 435–6672 7902
5

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

 * 10CRC—Building 10 Clinical Research Center.

**B—B Building, off site. 

Division of Extramural Research Activities (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC 

Special Assistant to the Director

Debra C. Hawkins ......................................................... RKL2 6224 435–0361 7902

Consolidated Operations Acquisition Center Services Branch

Chief, Joanna Magginas ................................................ RKL2 6150 435–0360 7902

NHLBI Extramural Contracts Branch

Chief, Richard A. Phillips, M.B.A. ................................ RKL2 6136 402–6462 7902

Offi ce of Committee Management

Director, Kathryn M. Valeda .............................................. RKL2 7110 435–0255 7922

Deputy Director & Scientifi c Review Evaluation Activities 

Administrator, David Alperin ........................................ RLK2 7118 435–0255 7922

Offi ce of Extramural Policy and Review

Director, Paul A. Velletri, Ph.D. ......................................... RKL2 7218 435–0569 7922

Offi ce of Scientifi c Review 

Director, Valerie L. Prenger, Ph.D. ..................................... RKL2 7214 435–0270 7924

Referral Offi cer, Roy White, Ph.D. ..................................... RKL2 7176 435–0310 7924

Blood and Vascular Branch

Chief, Jeffrey H. Hurst, Ph.D. ....................................... RKL2 7208 435–0303 7924

Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch

Chief, William J. Johnson, Ph.D. ................................... RKL2 7178 435–0725 7924

Clinical Studies and Training Branch

Chief, Charles W. Joyce, Ph.D. ...................................... RKL2 7194 435–0288 7924

Offi ce of Grants Management

Director, Suzanne A. White ................................................ RKL2 7160 435–0166 7926

Deputy Director, Ryan C. Lombardi .................................. RKL2 7172 435–0166 7926

Blood Diseases and Resources and Lung Diseases Branch

Chief, Theresa R. Jarosik .............................................. RKL2 7156 435–0166 7926

Cardiovascular Sciences Branch 

Chief, Teresa F. Marquette .............................................. RKL2 7130 435–0166 7926

Offi ce of Translational Alliances and Coordination

Acting Director, Jodi B. Black, Ph.D. ................................ RKL2 7104 435–0260 7922

Division of Intramural Research

Offi ce of the Director

Director, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D. .......................................... 10CRC* 4-1581 496–2116 1458

Offi ce of the Scientifi c Director

Director, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D. ..................................... 10CRC 4-1581 496–2116 1458

Deputy Director, L. Michelle Bennett, Ph.D. ..................... 10CRC 4-1581 496–2116 1458

Intramural Administrative Management Branch

 Chief, Gary Unger .................................................... 10 7N214 451–0892 1686

Animal Program

Director, James Hawkins, D.V.M. ................................. 14E 105C 451–6743 5570

Animal Care and Use Committee

Program Coordinator, Kelly E. Cole ............................. 14E 106C 451–6459 5570

Laboratory of Animal Medicine and Surgery

Chief, Robert Hoyt, D.V.M. ........................................... 14E 105B 496–9673 5570

Imaging Probe Development Center/Road Map Initiative

Chief, Gary L. Griffi ths, Ph.D. ...................................... B** 3042 217–5770 3372
6

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Division of Intramural Research (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Offi ce of Education

Director, Herbert M. Geller, Ph.D. ..................................... 10 6N248 451–9440 1754

Offi ce of the Clinical Director

Director, Richard O. Cannon III, M.D. .............................. 10CRC 5-3330 496–9895 1454

Deputy Director, Richard Childs, M.D. .............................. 10CRC 3-5330 451–7128 1230

Offi ce of Clinical Affairs

Associate Director, Melissa B. Bryant, M.S. ...................... 10CRC 6-5140 594–8378 1608

Hematology Branch

Chief, Neal S. Young, M.D. ................................................ 10CRC 3-5140 496–5093 1202

Flow Cytometry Core (FACS) 

Head, J. Philip McCoy, Ph.D. ....................................... 10 8C104 451–8824 1357

 Center for Molecular Medicine

Chief, Toren Finkel, M.D., Ph.D. ........................................ 10CRC 5-3330 402–4081 1454

Transgenic Core

Head, Chengyu Liu, Ph.D. ............................................ 50 3305 435–5034 8018

Human iPS Core

Head, Guokai Chen, Ph.D. ............................................ 10 6N240 594–4717 1754

Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch

Chief, Andrew E. Arai, M.D. .............................................. 10CRC B1D416 496–3648 1061

MRI/Imaging Core

Head, Stasia Anderson, Ph.D. ....................................... 10 B1D416 402–0908 1061

Biochemistry and Biophysics Center

Director, Nico Tjandra, Ph.D. ............................................ 50 3503 402–3029 8013

Biophysics Core

Head, Grzegorz Piszczek, Ph.D. .................................... 50 2341 435–8082 8012 

Protein Analysis Core

Head, Duck-Yeon Lee, Ph.D. ........................................ 50 2339 435–8369 8012

Cell Biology and Physiology Center

Director, Clare Waterman, Ph.D. ....................................... 50 4535 435–2949 8019

Light Microscopy Core

Head, Christian Combs, Ph.D. ...................................... 10 6N309 496–3236 1623

Genetics and Development Biology Center

Director, Alan M. Michelson, M.D., Ph.D. ......................... 31 5A48 594–5353 2490

Electron Microscopy Core

Head, Mathew Daniels, Ph.D. ....................................... 14E 111B 496–2898 5570

Pathology Core

Acting Head, Zu-Xi Yu, Ph.D. ...................................... 10 6D19 496–5035 1590

Genomics Core

Head, Nalini Raghavachari, Ph.D. ................................. 10 8C103B 435–2304 1357

DNA Sequencing Core

Head, Jun Zhu, Ph.D. ................................................... 10 5N107 443–7927 1654

Immunology Center

Director, Warren Leonard, M.D. ........................................ 10 7B05 496–0098 1674

Systems Biology Center

Director, Keji Zhao, Ph.D. ................................................. 10 7B06A 496-2098 1674

Proteomics Core

Head, Marjan Gucek, Ph.D. .......................................... 10 8C103C 594-1060 1774
7

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

 Building 10 Full Name

 NHLBI, NIH

 Building 10, Room ____

 10 Center Drive MSC* ____

 Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC** 

 Building B Full Name

 NHLBI, NIH

 Building B, Room 3042

 9800 Medical Center Drive MSC 3372

 Bethesda, MD 20892–3372 

Building 14E Full Name

 NHLBI, NIH

 Building 14E, Room ____

 14 Service Road West MSC*____

 Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC** 

Rockledge I Building Full Name

 NHLBI, NIH

 One Rockledge Center, Room ____

 6705 Rockledge Drive MSC* ____

 Bethesda, MD 20817–MSC** 

Building 31 Full Name

 NHLBI, NIH

 Building 31, Room ____

 31 Center Drive MSC*____

 Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC** 

Rockledge II Building Full Name

 NHLBI, NIH

 Two Rockledge Center, Room ____

 6701 Rockledge Drive MSC* ____

 Bethesda, MD 20817–MSC** 

Building 50 Full Name

 NHLBI, NIH

 Building 50, Room ____

 50 South Drive MSC* ____

 Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

 NIH Mailing Address Formats

 NHLBI staff e-mail addresses can be found by using the NIH Directory and E-mail Forwarding Service 

located on the Internet at http://directory.nih.gov.

 Please use the following formats for NIH mailing addresses: 

 * Retain the letters MSC before adding the mail stop code number.

 **Replace the letters MSC with the mail stop code number.

 9 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 2. Program Overview 

 2. Program Overview 

The National Heart Institute (NHI) was established in 1948 through the National Heart Act with a 

mission to support research and training in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular 

diseases (CVD). Twenty-four years later—through 

section 413 of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, 

Lung, and Blood Act (P.L. 92-423)—Congress mandated the Institute to expand and coordinate its activities in an accelerated attack against heart, blood 

vessel, lung, and blood diseases. The renamed 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) 

expanded its scientific areas of interest and intensified its efforts related to research on diseases within 

its purview. Over the years, the Institute’s areas of 

interest have grown to encompass genetic, genomic, 

proteomic, and metabolomic research; systems biology; sleep disorders; and the Women’s Health 

Initiative (WHI).

The NHLBI provides global leadership for 

research, training, and education programs to promote the prevention and treatment of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and enhance the health of all individuals so that they can live longer and more fulfilling 

lives.

The NHLBI stimulates basic discoveries about the 

causes of disease, enables the translation of basic discoveries into clinical practice, fosters training and 

mentoring of emerging scientists and physicians, and 

communicates research advances to the public. It 

creates and supports a robust, collaborative research 

infrastructure in partnership with private and public 

organizations, including academic institutions, industry, and other government agencies. The Institute 

collaborates with patients, families, health care professionals, scientists, professional societies, patient 

advocacy groups, community organizations, and the 

media to promote the application of research results 

and leverage resources to address the health needs of 

the public. The NHLBI also collaborates with international organizations to help reduce the burden of 

heart, lung, and blood diseases worldwide.

Each year, the NHLBI assesses progress in the scientific areas for which it is responsible and updates 

its goals and objectives. As new opportunities are 

identified, the Institute expands and revises its areas 

of interest. Throughout the process, the approach 

used by the Institute is an orderly sequence of 

research activities that includes:

• Acquisition of knowledge

• Evaluation of knowledge

• Application of knowledge

• Dissemination of knowledge

NHLBI Programs 

The programs of the NHLBI, as shown in the following table, are implemented through four extramural units:

• Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (DCVS)

• Division of Lung Diseases (DLD)

• Division of Blood Diseases and Resources 

(DBDR)

• Division for the Application of Research Discoveries (DARD)

and one intramural unit:

• Division of Intramural Research (DIR)

The extramural divisions use a variety of funding 

mechanisms, such as individual research project grants, 

cooperative agreements, program project grants, 

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grants, 

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grants, 

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research 

(SCCOR) grants, comprehensive center grants, contracts, and research training and career development 

grants.

In fiscal year (FY) 2010, the DCVS was created 

by combining two previously existing divisions—the 

Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Division 
 10 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 2. Program Overview 

Cardiovascular Diseases

Advanced Technologies and Surgery

Diagnostics Development

Emerging Therapeutics

Enabling Technologies

Surgical Advances

Atherothrombosis and Coronary 

Artery Disease

Acute and Chronic Coronary

 Syndromes

Acute and Silent Ischemia

Angina

Atherothrombosis

Coronary Artery Disease

Myocardial Infarction

Revascularization

Clinical Applications and Prevention

Behavioral Medicine

Prevention of Cardiovascular

 Disorders

Obesity Health Outcomes

Epidemiology

Analytical Resources

Field Studies and Clinical

 Epidemiology

Genetic Epidemiology

Heart Development and Structural 

Disease

Adult Congenital Disease

Cardiac Immunology and Infection

Cardiovascular Development

Heart Transplantation

Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease

Valvular Heart Disease

Heart Failure and Arrhythmias 

Arrhythmias

Heart Failure

Myocardial Protection

Resuscitation

Sudden Cardiac Death

Vascular Biology and Hypertension

Aneurysms

Cerebrovascular Disease

Hypertension

Lymphatic Diseases

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Renal Vascular Disease

Vascular Biology

Vascular Development and 

 Angiogenesis

Venous Disease

Cardiovascular Diseases 

(continued)

Women’s Health Initiative

Hormone Therapy Trial

Dietary Modifi cation Trial

Calcium and Vitamin D Trial

Observational Study

Memory Study

Lung Diseases

Airway Biology and Disease

Asthma

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary

 Disease (COPD) and

 Environmental Lung Diseases

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Genetics, Genomics, and

 Biotechnology

Lung Biology and Disease

Acquired Immunodefi ciency

 Syndrome (AIDS) and 

 Tuberculosis (TB)

Critical Care and Acute Lung 

 Injury

Developmental Biology and 

 Pediatric Lung Disease

Immunology and Fibrosis

Lung Cell and Vascular Biology

National Center on Sleep Disorders 

Research

Neurobiology and Sleep

Sleep Disorders Medicine

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood Diseases

Anemias

Erythropoiesis

Malaria

Red Cells

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)

Thalassemia

Thrombosis and Hemostasis

Hematologic Immune Disorders

Hemophilia and Other Bleeding 

Disorders

Hemostasis

Immunity and Infl ammation

Thrombosis

Blood Diseases and Resources 

(continued)

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular 

Therapeutics

Hematopoietic Stem Cell 

 Transplantation

Immune Defi ciencies, Reconstitution, 

Response, and Tolerance

Myelodysplasia, Marrow Failure, 

 and Myeloproliferative Disorders

Novel Cellular Therapies for Repair 

and Regeneration

Stem Cell Biology

Transfusion Medicine Use, Safety, and 

Availability of Blood and Blood 

Components

Application of Research 

Discoveries

Research Translation Branch

Clinical Practice Guidelines

 Development for Heart, Lung, and

 Blood Topics 

 Implementation for Heart, Lung,

 and Blood Topics

Knowledge Exchange Networks

Enhanced Dissemination and 

Utilization Branch

Community Health Promotion

Childhood Obesity Prevention

Health Disparities Reduction

Program Evaluations

Intramural Research

Clinical Research

Cardiothoracic Surgery

Hematology

Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine

Translational Medicine

Laboratory Research

Biochemistry and Biophysics

Cell Biology and Physiology

Genetics and Development Biology

Immunology

Programs Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 
 11 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 2. Program Overview 

of Prevention and Population Sciences—so that the 

administrative structure would better match the dynamic 

interaction that exists among basic, clinical, and population sciences. Because the areas addressed by the two 

previous divisions are closely linked, the Institute 

believed that merging the two Divisions would stimulate 

the collaborative efforts that are needed to advance cardiovascular research.

Descriptions of the Divisions follow.

Division of Cardiovascular Sciences

The DCVS supports basic, clinical, population, and 

health services research on the causes, prevention, and 

treatment of CVD and technology development for its 

diagnosis and treatment. The Division fosters research in 

atherothrombosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial 

infarction and ischemia, heart failure, arrhythmia, sudden 

cardiac death, adult and pediatric congenital heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, cardiovascular complications of diabetes and obesity, and other cardiovascular 

disorders. A SCCOR supports clinical collaborative 

research in vascular injury, repair, and remodeling, and a 

Centers Program supports cardiac translational research 

associated with preventing and treating heart failure and 

arrhythmias.

The Division’s research portfolio includes a number of 

well-known epidemiological cohort studies that describe 

disease and risk factor patterns in populations; clinical 

trials of interventions to prevent disease and to reduce or 

eliminate risk factors; studies of the influence of genetic, 

behavioral, sociocultural, environmental, and health systems factors on disease risk and outcomes; and studies of 

the application of prevention and treatment strategies to 

determine ways to improve clinical care and public 

health. The Division also supports research training and 

career development in these areas.

In addition to the Office of the Director, the Division 

is organized into three Programs, eight Branches, and 

three Offices, which are described below.

Basic and Early Translational Research 

Program

The Basic and Early Translational Research Program 

supports research and research training and career development in vascular biology and hypertension, cardiovascular 

surgery, and development of advanced technologies for 

the diagnosis and treatment of CVD. The portfolio 

includes an integrated basic and clinical research program to study the biological basis for vascular diseases 

and hypertension and their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Research on cardiovascular surgery includes 

both basic and preclinical research on surgical 

approaches and clinical trials to establish evidence-based 

surgical therapies. The development of diagnostics 

encompasses research on biosensors, imaging technologies, and the application of “omic” methodologies. 

Therapeutic development includes drug and nucleic acid 

delivery technologies, regenerative and reparative medicine, gene therapy, and device development.

The Program is divided into the two branches 

described below. 

Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch

The Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch supports integrated basic, translational, and clinical research 

to develop technologies for the diagnosis, prevention, 

and treatment of CVD. Research on diagnostics focuses 

on proteomic, genomic, and other biomarker technologies and on imaging modalities and agents. Therapeutics 

research focuses on tissue-, cell-, and gene-based therapies; regenerative and reparative medicine; image-guided 

therapies; and cardiac and circulatory support and repair 

devices. Research related to surgery addresses improved 

surgical and image-guided therapies and the translation 

of cardiovascular surgical advances into clinical practice. 

Enabling technologies research includes bioinformatics, 

computational and systems biology, bioengineering, nanotechnology, materials research, and personalized 

medicine.

Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch

The Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch supports integrated basic, translational, and clinical research 

on the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and 

treatment of vascular diseases and hypertension. 

Vascular biology focuses on angiogenesis; development 

and repair of arteries, veins, lymphatics, and microcirculation; and biology of the endothelium and other vascular 

wall components. Vascular disease research focuses on 

diseases affecting peripheral (non-coronary) arteries, 

including the aorta and cerebral, renal, and limb vessels; 

veins; and lymphatics. Hypertension research focuses 

on the study of blood pressure regulation—including 
 12 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 2. Program Overview 

central, renal, and vascular control—and end organ damage resulting from high blood pressure.

Adult and Pediatric Cardiac Research Program

The Adult and Pediatric Cardiac Research Program 

supports and provides leadership for basic, translational, 

and clinical research on development, maturation, and 

functioning of the heart throughout all stages of life. 

Areas of research include cardiac development and maturation, myocyte structure and function, myocardial energetics and metabolism, cardiac electrophysiology, 

coronary artery structure and function, the failing heart, 

valvular heart disease, exercise physiology, nutrition and 

the heart, congenital heart disease from birth through 

adulthood, the intrauterine environment and cardiovascular risk, cardiomyopathy, atherothrombosis, and coronary 

artery disease. A major function of the Program is to 

provide collaborative leadership for systematic oversight 

of clinical research across the Division, including clinical 

research information technology and standard but flexible operating procedures. 

The Program is organized into the three branches 

described below.

Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease 

Branch

The Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease 

Branch conducts and manages an integrated basic and 

clinical research program to study the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of coronary 

artery disease and atherothrombosis. Research on coronary artery disease focuses on acute and chronic coronary syndromes, including myocardial infarction; acute 

ischemia, angina, and silent ischemia; and percutaneous 

and surgical revascularization of stenotic and restenotic 

coronary lesions. Atherothrombosis research investigates 

atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries and other arterial beds; lipid fractions and interactions with the arterial 

wall; lesion instability, vulnerable plaques, and thrombosis; and biomarker and imaging diagnostics to quantify 

plaque and atherosclerosis progression. 

Atherothrombosis research also includes studies of diet, 

exercise, diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic conditions related to atherothrombosis.

Heart Development and Structural Diseases Branch

The Heart Development and Structural Diseases 

Branch supports integrated basic and clinical research on 

normal and abnormal cardiovascular development and 

the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and 

treatment of pediatric and adult structural heart disease. 

Research areas in heart development include normal and 

abnormal development, molecular and genetic etiology 

of cardiovascular malformations, cardiomyogenic differentiation of stem cells, and gene–environment interactions in the development of congenital heart disease. 

Structural disease research includes the investigation of 

congenital heart disease, from embryology through adulthood, and the associated exercise physiology and neurodevelopmental outcomes; valve disease; pediatric 

cardiomyopathy and heart transplantation; and pediatric 

cardiac inflammation and infection.

Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch 

The Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch supports 

integrated basic and clinical research on normal and 

abnormal cardiac function to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of heart failure and arrhythmias 

and to protect the myocardium and manage resuscitation. 

Heart failure research addresses the pathogenesis and 

treatment of heart failure and cardiomyopathies, including use of devices, medical treatments, and cell-based 

therapies. Arrhythmias research investigates the etiology 

of rare and common arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, 

and arrhythmogenesis and explores the genetic and environmental bases of normal cardiac electrical activity. 

Myocardium protection research focuses on stunning and 

hibernation, ischemic/reperfusion injury, and preconditioning. Resuscitation research includes the study of 

whole-body oxygen deprivation; organ preservation; and 

cell, tissue, and organ protection during cardiac arrest 

and traumatic shock.

Prevention and Population Sciences Program 

The Prevention and Population Sciences Program supports and provides leadership for population- and clinicbased research on the causes, prevention, and clinical 

care of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders; it also supports research training and career 

development in these areas. Areas of research include 

epidemiological studies to describe disease and risk factor patterns in populations and identify risk factors for 

disease; clinical trials of interventions to prevent disease; 

genetic, behavioral, sociocultural, and environmental 

influences on disease risk and outcomes; and application 

of prevention and treatment strategies to determine ways 

to improve clinical care and public health. 
 13 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 2. Program Overview 

The Program is organized into the three branches and 

three offices described below.

Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch

The Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch supports, designs, and conducts research on behavioral, 

environmental, clinical, and health care approaches to 

reduce the occurrence and consequences of CVD. 

Prevention research examines the effectiveness of interventions to slow or halt risk factor or disease development or progression. Interventions—many of which 

focus on high-risk individuals and populations—

include medications, behavioral strategies, and environmental change. Studies to examine lifestyle, nutrition 

and exercise, psychological and sociocultural factors, and 

environmental and genetic influences are relevant to prevention and are supported. Clinical application research 

examines approaches to improve health care delivery and 

patient outcomes in clinical and community trials and 

observational studies.

Epidemiology Branch

The Epidemiology Branch supports, designs, and conducts research on the epidemiology of cardiovascular, 

lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders. Studies are 

conducted to identify temporal trends and population patterns in the prevalence, incidence, morbidity, and mortality from the diseases and include single- and multicenter 

observational epidemiologic studies of development, 

progression, and treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders. Areas of emphasis 

include environmental, lifestyle, physiological, and 

genetic risk factors for disease and risk factor development including characterization of gene–gene and gene–

environment interactions. Large cohorts of minority 

participants, such as Hispanics and blacks, have been 

assembled to explore health disparities in minorities. The 

Branch also distributes data from eligible NHLBI studies to 

researchers through a process that adheres to guidelines for 

the protection of participant privacy and confidentiality. 

Women’s Health Initiative Branch

The Women’s Health Initiative Branch—in collaboration with the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the 

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and 

Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute on Aging 

(NIA), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders 

and Stroke (NINDS), and the Office of Research on 

Women’s Health (ORWH)—supports clinical trials and 

observational studies to improve the understanding of the 

causes and prevention of major diseases affecting the 

health of women. Studies focus on CVD, cancer, and 

fractures. Large multicenter observational studies seek 

to identify risk markers for disease or to better quantify 

known markers using questionnaires, clinical examinations, and laboratory data. The large and long-term multicenter clinical trials tested promising but unproven 

interventions—such as hormone therapy, diet, and supplements—to prevent major diseases and evaluate overall 

effects on health. Currently, the program is determining 

the long-term effects of prior hormone therapy on the 

cohort that participated in the clinical trials of hormone 

therapy. The Branch has established an infrastructure to 

support the use of data and blood samples from the studies by the scientific community. 

The Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study 

(WHIMS), an ancillary study to the WHI, was designed 

to test whether hormone therapy prevents the development and progression of dementia symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Offi ce of Biostatistics Research 

The Office of Biostatistics Research (OBR) provides 

statistical expertise to the Institute and performs diverse 

functions in planning, designing, implementing, and analyzing NHLBI-sponsored studies. Its primary responsibility is to provide objective, statistically sound, and 

medically relevant solutions to problems. The OBR is 

expected to provide a new and valid statistical solution 

when presented with a problem for which techniques are 

not yet available. Its methodological interests concern 

survival analysis; longitudinal data analysis; and efficient 

study designs, including the monitoring of ongoing clinical studies for efficacy and safety. The OBR has recently 

made contributions to statistical genetics and has 

extended its expertise to bioinformatics.

Offi ce of Research Training and Career Development 

The Office of Research Training and Career 

Development supports training and career development 

programs in cardiovascular research for individuals at all 

educational levels, from high school students to faculty. 

It collaborates with the scientific community and professional organizations to ensure that its programs meet the 

needs of young scientists from diverse backgrounds. 

Activities include institutional and individual research 

training programs and fellowships; diversity supplements 

to provide mentored experiences with established 
 14 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 2. Program Overview 

research scientists; the Pathway to Independence 

Program, which allows recipients to bridge the gap 

between a career development award and a research 

award; and career development programs designed for 

clinical research. 

Offi ce of Special Projects 

The Office of Special Projects represents the DCVS 

on NHLBI and NIH policy committees; oversees and 

works with Division leadership on selected activities of 

the DCVS clinical studies portfolio; fosters communication within DCVS by developing and coordinating 

Division-wide and Institute-wide interest groups on various 

topics; develops and implements specific cross-cutting 

projects; and provides expert consultation as needed for 

large-scale projects or initiative development. 

Division of Lung Diseases

The DLD supports research on the causes, diagnosis, 

treatment, and prevention of lung diseases and sleep disorders. Research is funded through investigator- and 

Institute-initiated grants and contracts in such disease 

areas as asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, COPD, 

CF, sleep-disordered breathing, critical care and acute 

lung injury, developmental biology and pediatric pulmonary diseases, immunologic and fibrotic pulmonary disease, rare lung disorders, pulmonary vascular disease, 

and pulmonary complications of AIDS and tuberculosis. 

SCCORs support collaborative studies on COPD and 

pulmonary vascular disease. A Centers Program supports 

research on advanced diagnostics and experimental therapeutics in lung diseases. 

The Division also supports demonstration and dissemination projects to transfer basic research and clinical 

findings to health care professionals and patients, and 

training and career development programs for individuals 

interested in furthering their professional abilities in lung 

disease research. The DLD, through the National Center 

on Sleep Disorders Research, coordinates sleep research 

activities across the NIH, other Federal Agencies, and 

outside organizations.

The Division is organized into the three Branches 

described below.

Airway Biology and Disease Branch

The Airway Biology and Disease Branch supports 

basic and clinical research and research training in 

asthma, COPD, CF, and airway function in health and 

disease. The Branch supports innovative genetics, 

genomics, and biotechnology programs to advance discovery of lung disease risk factors, mechanisms, and 

treatment. It also funds applied studies to develop new 

methods of lung imaging. Health education research and 

demonstration and education projects for the management of asthma and COPD are additional areas of focus. 

Asthma research investigates the origins, pathogenesis, and management of asthma, including the role of 

immunologic and nonimmunologic events and inflammation in its pathogenesis; genetics of asthma and atopy; 

airway remodeling and repair in asthma; mechanisms of 

severe asthma; and regulation of mucous hypersecretion 

and mucous cell metaplasia.

Research on COPD and other diseases of the lung 

related to smoking or environmental exposures explores 

pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development 

and progression of COPD, emphysema, and lung disease 

associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; genetic 

determinants of lung disease; treatment of COPD; and 

health effects of air pollution.

Research on CF focuses on the function of the CF 

transmembrane conductance regulator and its role in 

lung disease. Areas of interest include airway epithelial 

ion transport, airway surface liquids, animal and cellular 

models for CF, signaling pathways in airway cells, regulation of mucin expression and secretion, development 

and clinical testing of treatments, and mechanisms 

underlying the infectious and inflammatory aspects of 

CF lung disease.

Lung Biology and Disease Branch

The Lung Biology and Disease Branch supports basic, 

translational, and clinical research and research training 

programs in pulmonary conditions associated with 

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, tuberculosis, acute lung injury and critical care medicine, lung 

development and pediatric lung diseases, lung immunobiology and interstitial lung diseases, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and lung cell and vascular biology. In 

addition, it supports the development of tuberculosis curricula for medical schools. 

AIDS and tuberculosis research focuses on the pathogenesis and course of pulmonary manifestations of HIV 

infection and tuberculosis and host lung defenses against 
 15 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 2. Program Overview 

them and HIV-associated opportunistic infections. 

Emphasis is on identifying and understanding the pathogenesis of lung complications associated with HIV 

infection and characterizing the lung microbiome in 

HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals.

Research on acute lung injury and critical care medicine explores the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention 

of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The Branch supports development of new 

diagnostic tools for detection of acute lung injury and 

development of an artificial lung and oversees clinical 

studies of therapies for ARDS, including the ARDS 

Network.

Research in developmental biology and pediatric pulmonary diseases investigates the regulation of lung 

development, growth, and repair and focuses on pediatric pulmonary diseases in infants and children, including 

bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital and acquired 

upper airway abnormalities, and persistent pulmonary 

hypertension of the newborn. Research also focuses on 

identifying and determining the cell fate of lung progenitor stem cells, understanding lung regeneration, and 

exploring cell-based therapy for lung injury and disease.

Research on immunology and fibrosis includes studies of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, occupational and environmental lung diseases, and the role of 

immune response and inflammation in these diseases. 

The Branch also supports research on lung immunobiology, lung transplantation, and pathogenesis of 

lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Lung cell and vascular biology research investigates 

lung cell biology and function and pulmonary vascular 

disease, including pulmonary arterial hypertension and 

pulmonary embolism diagnosis. Research focuses on 

pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells, vascular endothelial 

cells, and the lung surfactant system. The Branch also 

performs research on the regulation of barrier function 

of pulmonary endothelial cells and regulation of lung 

permeability.

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

The National Center on Sleep Disorders Research 

(NCSDR) supports research, health education, and 

research training related to sleep-disordered breathing 

and the fundamental function of sleep and circadian 

rhythms. Specific areas of interest include neurobiology 

of ventilatory control, respiratory rhythmogenesis, chemosensitivity, basic neurobiology of sleep–wake regulation, circadian-coupled cellular function, and effects of 

sleep deprivation. The NCSDR also stewards several 

forums, including the Sleep Disorders Research Advisory 

Board and the Trans-NIH Sleep Research Coordinating 

Committee, which facilitate the coordination of sleep 

research across the NIH and with other Federal Agencies 

and outside organizations. The Center participates in 

translation of new sleep research findings for dissemination to health care professionals and the public.

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

The DBDR supports research and research training on 

the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nonmalignant blood diseases, including anemias, SCD, and 

thalassemia; premalignant processes, such as myelodysplasia and myeloproliferative disorders; hemophilia and 

other abnormalities of hemostasis and thrombosis; and 

immune dysfunction. It supports specialized centers that 

focus on research in basic and translational research in SCD. 

The Division also supports research in transfusion 

medicine and blood banking, stem cell biology and disease, hematopoiesis, clinical cellular medicine, and blood 

supply adequacy and safety. It provides biospecimens 

and cellular resources to the scientific community. 

The Division is organized into the three Branches 

described below.

Blood Diseases Branch

The Blood Diseases Branch supports research and 

research training in blood diseases, including SCD, thalassemia, Fanconi anemia, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, 

and other aplastic anemias and malaria. Additionally, it 

supports outcomes-related research. Research in SCD 

and thalassemia focuses on elucidating the etiology and 

pathophysiology of the diseases and improving disease 

treatment and management. Areas of emphasis include 

genetics, regulation of hemoglobin synthesis, iron chelation, development of drugs to increase fetal hemoglobin 

production, hematopoietic transplantation, and gene therapy. Basic and translational red cell research are also 

areas of interest.

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch

The Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch supports 

research and research training in hemostasis, 
 16 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 2. Program Overview 

thrombosis, and endothelial cell biology, including basic 

research, clinical studies, and technology development. 

Areas of interest include hemophilia; von Willebrand disease; and such immune disorders as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 

and systemic lupus erythematosus. Research on bleeding disorders focuses on identifying effective treatments. 

Emerging areas of interest are gene transfer; clinical proteomics; glycomics; inflammation related to vascular injury 

from trauma and sepsis; thrombosis; stroke; coagulation 

activation; autoimmune disease; and thrombotic complications of obesity, diabetes, and cancer.

The Branch also supports research on the pathogenesis of arterial and venous thrombosis to improve the 

diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of thrombosis in 

heart attack, stroke, and peripheral vascular diseases. A 

major goal is to find additional platelet inhibitors, anticoagulants, and fibrinolytic agents to treat thrombotic and 

thromboembolic disorders with better specificity and 

fewer side effects than those currently used for 

treatment.

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics 

Branch

The Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics 

Branch supports research and research training in transfusion medicine, stem cell biology and disease, hematopoiesis, clinical cellular medicine, and blood supply 

adequacy and safety. Research focuses on the use, 

safety, and availability of blood and blood components 

for transfusion and cellular therapies. Research areas 

include transmission of disease, noninfectious complications of transfusions, immunobiology, cell biology and 

disease, novel cell-based therapies, hematopoietic stem 

cell transplantation, and overall product availability. The 

Branch develops programs for basic and clinical research 

related to normal and abnormal cellular biology and 

pathology. It also collaborates with governmental, private sector, and international organizations to improve 

the safety and availability of the global supply of blood 

and blood components. The Branch also supports major 

NHLBI resource programs that provide cellular therapeutic products and biospecimens to the NHLBI scientific community.

Division of Intramural Research

The DIR conducts laboratory and clinical research in 

heart, vascular, lung, blood, and kidney diseases and 

develops technology related to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Areas of interest include the biologic basis 

of arteriosclerosis and its manifestations; pathophysiology of hypertensive vascular disease; functions of the 

lung; clinical and experimental studies on physiologic 

and pharmacologic aspects of heart, lung, and blood diseases; and a broad program of other basic research and 

technical developments related to them.

The DIR is organized into the four Centers and three 

Branches described below.

Biochemistry and Biophysics Center

The Biochemistry and Biophysics Center develops a 

global view of the molecular basis of structure–function 

relationships of proteins and biologically relevant molecules. It performs state-of-the-art nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of protein structure and 

functional interactions, develops mathematical tools for 

generating theoretical models of protein structure–function relationships, elucidates the mechanisms of enzyme 

function, and investigates the relationship between protein structure–function and cell signaling pathways.

Cell Biology and Physiology Center

The Cell Biology and Physiology Center develops a 

global view of the mechanisms that regulate cellular 

function and physiology. It evaluates the mechanisms 

that control different molecular machines within the cytosol, including those involved in muscle contraction and 

cytosolic and membrane transport processes. The Center 

studies cellular signaling events associated with hormone 

action, cytosolic trafficking, and energy metabolism; 

investigates the role of cellular processes on function and 

adaptation in whole-animal model systems; and develops 

unique measuring devices for studying biochemical and 

physiological processes in intact cells, whole animals, 

and clinical situations.

Genetics and Development Biology Center

The Genetics and Development Biology Center develops a global view of the mechanisms that regulate cardiovascular development and the etiology of congenital heart 

anomalies and CVD. It evaluates the function of specific 

genes and transcription factors in the development of 

the heart and other tissues, develops techniques and 

approaches for gene delivery and gene therapy in model 

systems, and works toward a better understanding of 
 17 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 2. Program Overview 

basic processes involved in regulating and interpreting 

the genetic code in development and disease.

Immunology Center

The Immunology Center develops a global view of the 

molecular basis of immune processes. It studies intracellular and signaling processes involved in activation of 

lymphocytes and mast cells, investigates mechanisms by 

which drugs and other agents result in allergic-autoimmune reactions, and relates the results to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in 

humans.

Translational Medicine Branch

The Translational Medicine Branch conducts biomedical research directed at defining normal and abnormal 

biologic function at the molecular level. It develops 

diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for the treatment 

and understanding of CVD and implements mechanismbased clinical studies centered on innovative discoveries 

and observations from inside and outside the Branch.

Hematology Branch

The Hematology Branch conducts basic and clinical 

research on normal and abnormal hematopoiesis. Areas of 

interest include bone marrow failure, viral infections of 

hematopoietic cells, gene therapy of hematologic and 

malignant diseases, bone marrow transplantation, and 

mechanisms of immunologically mediated syndromes, 

such as graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune diseases.

Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine Branch

The Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine Branch conducts 

research on the lung, heart, and systemic vasculature 

directed at defining normal physiological function and 

novel mechanisms of disease at the molecular, biochemical, 

and functional levels. It conducts research on emerging 

diseases of the lung characterized by unknown etiology and 

molecular pathogenesis. Areas of interest include lung 

diseases in blacks, such as SCD and sarcoidosis; the role 

of nitric oxide, nitrite, gender, preconditioning, and mitochondrial function on the modulation of ischemia and 

reperfusion injury of the heart and lung; and translational study and drug development for therapeutic modulation of vascular, pulmonary, and cardiac cellular and 

molecular dysfunction in diseases of the lung and heart.

Division for the Application of Research 

Discoveries

The DARD supports efforts to advance the application 

of scientific discoveries for preventing, detecting, and 

treating cardiovascular, lung, blood, and sleep diseases 

and conditions to improve the health of all Americans. It 

focuses on translating scientific evidence into clinical 

guidelines for physicians to implement in their practice 

and into community health promotion or education 

programs for communities to disseminate to the public. 

The Division uses several channels of communications, 

including communities of practice, knowledge networks, 

social media, Web sites, conferences, and symposia. 

DARD programs reach out to people in high-risk, lowincome communities to improve health and reduce health 

disparities. DARD activities promote communication 

and collaboration among researchers, clinical and public 

health practitioners, patients, and the general public. 

They also focus on identifying gaps in knowledge that 

can be addressed by future research. 

The Division is organized into the two Branches 

described below.

Research Translation Branch

The Research Translation Branch interprets research 

findings into effective approaches for practice. The 

Branch synthesizes and organizes evidence around priority diseases or conditions and leads the effort to develop 

both evidence-based systematic literature reviews and 

guidelines for clinical practice. The Branch also develops clinical decision support systems and other innovative applications for use in clinical and public health 

practice settings, and it facilitates knowledge exchange 

opportunities for researchers and practitioners around 

issues of research applicability and relevance to practice. 

Branch activities also identify knowledge gaps to inform 

future research.

Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Branch

The Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Branch 

collects, synthesizes, and communicates evidence-based 

findings on the determinants of population health to 

maintain and improve the health of diverse populations 

and reduce health disparities in underserved groups. 

The Branch translates research into effective community 

health promotion programs, establishes effective partnerships to improve health and reduce health disparities, 

and builds communication among organizations and 
 18 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 2. Program Overview 

communities to ensure their personal involvement in 

improving community health. Results are achieved by 

providing technical assistance and information resources 

to diverse audiences, including high-risk and underserved 

groups in a variety of community practice settings. The 

Branch identifies appropriate health outcomes for assessing successful implementation and conducts evaluation 

activities to ensure continuous improvement and inform 

program planning. 
 19 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 3. Important Events 

 June 16, 1948. President Harry S. Truman signs 

the National Heart Act, creating the NHI in the 

Public Health Service (PHS), with the National 

Advisory Heart Council as its advisory body.

 July 7, 1948. Dr. Paul Dudley White is selected 

to be “Executive Director of the National Advisory 

Heart Council and Chief Medical Advisor to the 

National Heart Institute” under section 4b of the 

National Heart Act.

 August 1, 1948. The NHI is established as an 

institute of the NIH by Surgeon General Leonard 

A. Scheele. As legislated in the National Heart Act, 

the NHI assumes responsibility for heart research, 

training, and administration. Intramural research 

projects in CVD and gerontology conducted elsewhere in the NIH are transferred to the NHI. The 

Director of the NHI assumes all leadership for the 

total PHS heart program. Dr. Cassius J. Van Slyke 

is appointed as the first Director of the NHI.

 August 29, 1948. Surgeon General Scheele 

announces the membership of the first National 

Advisory Heart Council. Varying terms of membership for the 16-member Council commence 

September 1.

 September 8, 1948. The National Advisory 

Heart Council holds its first meeting.

 January 1949. Cooperative Research Units are 

established at four institutions: the University of 

California, the University of Minnesota, Tulane 

University, and Massachusetts General Hospital. 

Pending completion of the NHI’s own research 

organization and facilities, the Units are jointly 

financed by the NIH and the institutions.

 July 1, 1949. The NHI Intramural Research 

Program is established and organized on three general research levels consisting of three laboratory 

sections, five laboratory–clinical sections, and four 

clinical sections. The Heart Disease Epidemiology 

Study at Framingham, Massachusetts, is transferred 

from the Bureau of State Services, PHS, to the NHI.

 3. Important Events 

 January 18–20, 1950. The NHI and the 

American Heart Association jointly sponsor the 

first National Conference on Cardiovascular 

Diseases to summarize current knowledge and to 

make recommendations concerning further progress against heart and blood vessel diseases.

 December 1, 1952. Dr. James Watt is appointed 

Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Van Slyke, who 

is appointed Associate Director of the NIH.

 July 6, 1953. The Clinical Center admits its first 

patient for heart disease research.

 July 1, 1957. The first members of the NHI 

Board of Scientific Counselors begin their terms. 

The Board was established in 1956 “to provide 

advice on matters of general policy, particularly 

from a long-range viewpoint, as they relate to the 

intramural research program.”

 February 19, 1959. The American Heart 

Association and the NHI present a report to 

the Nation—A Decade of Progress Against 

Cardiovascular Disease.

 April 21, 1961. The President’s Conference on 

Heart Disease and Cancer, whose participants on 

March 15 were requested by President John F. 

Kennedy to assist “in charting the Government’s 

further role in a national attack on these diseases,” 

convenes at the White House and submits its report.

 September 11, 1961. Dr. Ralph E. Knutti is 

appointed Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Watt, 

who becomes head of international activities for the 

PHS.

 December 30, 1963. February is designated as 

“American Heart Month” by a unanimous joint resolution of Congress with approval from President 

Lyndon B. Johnson.

 November 22–24, 1964. The Second National 

Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases—cosponsored by the American Heart Association, the NHI, 

and the Heart Disease Control Program of the PHS—

is held to evaluate progress since the 1950 
 20 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 3. Important Events 

Conference and to assess needs and goals for continued 

and accelerated growth against heart and blood vessel 

diseases.

 December 9, 1964. The President’s Commission on 

Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke—appointed by 

President Johnson on March 7, 1964—submits its report 

to “recommend steps that can be taken to reduce the burden and incidence of these diseases.”

 August 1, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart assumes the 

Directorship of the NHI upon Dr. Knutti’s retirement.

 September 24, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart, NHI 

Director, is named Surgeon General of the PHS.

 October 6, 1965. In FY 1966, Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 89–199) allocates funds to implement 

the recommendations of the President’s Commission on 

Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke that are within existing legislative authorities. The NHI is given $5.05 million for new clinical training programs, additional 

graduate training grants, cardiovascular clinical research 

centers on cerebrovascular disease and thrombotic and 

hemorrhagic disorders, and planning grants for future 

specialized cardiovascular centers.

 March 8, 1966. Dr. Robert P. Grant succeeds 

Dr. Stewart as Director of the NHI. Dr. Grant serves 

until his death on August 15, 1966.

 November 6, 1966. Dr. Donald S. Fredrickson is 

appointed Director of the NHI.

 March 15, 1968. Dr. Theodore Cooper succeeds 

Dr. Fredrickson as Director of the NHI, the latter electing 

to return to research activities with the Institute.

 October 16, 1968. Dr. Marshall W. Nirenberg is 

awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 

discovering the key to deciphering the genetic code. 

Dr. Nirenberg, chief of the NHI Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, is the first Nobel Laureate at the NIH and 

the first Federal employee to receive a Nobel Prize.

 October 26, 1968. The NHI receives the National 

Hemophilia Foundation’s Research and Scientific 

Achievement Award for its “medical leadership . . . , 

tremendous stimulation and support of research 

activities directly related to the study and treatment of 

hemophilia.”

 November 14, 1968. The 20th anniversary of the NHI 

is commemorated at the White House under the auspices 

of President Johnson and other distinguished guests.

 August 12, 1969. A major NHI reorganization plan 

creates five program branches along disease category 

lines in extramural programs (arteriosclerotic disease, 

cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, hypertension and 

kidney diseases, and thrombotic and hemorrhagic diseases); a Therapeutic Evaluations Branch and an 

Epidemiology Branch under the Associate Director for 

Clinical Applications; and three offices in the Office of 

the Director (heart information, program planning, and 

administrative management).

 November 10, 1969. The NHI is redesignated by the 

Secretary, Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), as the 

National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), reflecting a 

broadening scope of its functions.

 February 18, 1971. President Richard M. Nixon’s 

Health Message to Congress identifies sickle cell anemia 

as a high-priority disease and calls for increased Federal 

expenditures. The Assistant Secretary for Health and 

Scientific Affairs, HEW, is assigned lead-Agency responsibility for coordination of the National Sickle Cell 

Disease Program at the NIH and NHLI.

 June 1971. The Task Force on Arteriosclerosis, convened by Dr. Cooper, presents its report. Volume I 

addresses general aspects of the problem and presents the 

major conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical 

language. Volume II contains technical information on 

the state of knowledge and conclusions and recommendations in each of the following areas: atherogenesis, 

presymptomatic atherosclerosis, overt atherosclerosis, 

and rehabilitation.

 May 16, 1972. The National Sickle Cell Anemia 

Control Act (P.L. 92–294) provides for a national diagnosis, control, treatment, and research program. The Act 

does not mention the NHLI but has special pertinence 

because the Institute has been designated to coordinate 

the National Sickle Cell Disease Program.

 June 12, 1972. Elliot Richardson, Secretary, HEW, 

approves a nationwide program for high blood pressure 

information and education and appoints two committees 

to implement the program: the Hypertension Information 

and Education Advisory Committee, chaired by the 

Director, NIH, and the Interagency Working Group, 

chaired by the Director, NHLI. A High Blood Pressure 
 21 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 3. Important Events 

Information Center is established within the NHLI Office 

of Information to collect and disseminate public and 

professional information about the disease.

 July 1972. The NHLI launches its National High 

Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP), a program of patient and professional education that has as 

its goal to reduce death and disability related to high 

blood pressure.

 July 14, 1972. Secretary Richardson approves reorganization of the NHLI, with the Institute elevated to 

Bureau status within the NIH and comprising seven 

division-level components: Office of the Director, 

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases (DHVD), DLD, 

DBDR, DIR, Division of Technological Applications, 

and Division of Extramural Affairs (DEA). 

 September 19, 1972. The National Heart, Blood 

Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act of 1972 (P.L. 92–423) 

expands the authority of the Institute to advance the 

national attack on the diseases within its mandate. The 

act calls for intensified and coordinated Institute activities to be planned by the Director and reviewed by the 

National Heart and Lung Advisory Council.

 July 24, 1973. The first Five-Year Plan for the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program 

is transmitted to the President and to Congress.

 December 17, 1973. The National Heart and Lung 

Advisory Council completes its First Annual Report on 

the National Program.

 February 13, 1974. The Director of the NHLI forwards his First Annual Report on the National Program 

to the President for transmittal to Congress.

 April 5, 1974. The Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HEW, authorizes release of the Report to the President 

by the President’s Advisory Panel on Heart Disease. 

The report of the 20-member panel, chaired by Dr. John 

S. Millis, includes a survey of the problem of heart and 

blood vessel disorders and panel recommendations to 

reduce illness and death from them.

 August 2, 1974. The Secretary, HEW, approves regulations governing the establishment, support, and operation of National Research and Demonstration Centers 

for heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases, which 

implement section 415(b) of the PHS Act, as amended by 

the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act 

of 1972: (1) to carry out basic and clinical research on 

heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; (2) to 

provide demonstrations of advanced methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment; and (3) to supply a training source for scientists and physicians concerned with 

the diseases.

 September 16, 1975. Dr. Robert I. Levy is appointed 

Director of the NHLI, succeeding Dr. Theodore Cooper, 

who was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary for 

Health, HEW, on April 19, 1974.

 June 25, 1976. Legislation amending the PHS Act 

(P.L. 94–278) changes the name of the NHLI to the 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and 

provides for an expansion in blood-related activities 

within the Institute and throughout the National Heart, 

Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program. 

 August 1, 1977. The Biomedical Research Extension 

Act of 1977 (P.L. 95–83) reauthorizes the programs of 

the NHLBI, with continued emphasis on both the 

national program and related prevention and dissemination activities.

 February 1978. The NHLBI and the American Heart 

Association jointly celebrate their 30th anniversaries.

 September 1979. The Task Force on Hypertension, 

established in September 1975 to assess the state of 

hypertension research, completes its in-depth survey and 

recommendations for improved prevention, treatment, 

and control in 14 major areas. The recommendations are 

intended to guide the NHLBI in its future efforts.

 November 1979. The results of the Hypertension 

Detection and Follow-Up Program (HDFP), a major clinical trial started in 1971, provide evidence that tens of 

thousands of lives are being saved through treatment of 

mild hypertension and that perhaps thousands more could 

be saved annually if all people with mild hypertension 

were under treatment.

 November 21, 1980. The Albert Lasker Special 

Public Health Award is presented to the NHLBI for its 

HDFP, “which stands alone among clinical studies in its 

profound potential benefit to millions of people.”

 December 17, 1980. The Health Programs Extension 

Act of 1980 (P.L. 96–538) reauthorizes the NHLBI, with 

continued emphasis on both the national program and 

related prevention programs.
 22 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 3. Important Events 

 September 8, 1981. The Working Group on 

Arteriosclerosis—convened in 1978 to assess present 

understanding, highlight unresolved problems, and 

emphasize opportunities for future research in arteriosclerosis—completes its report. Volume I presents conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical language. 

Volume II provides an in-depth substantive basis for the 

conclusions and recommendations contained in Volume I.

 October 2, 1981. The Beta-Blocker Heart Attack 

Trial (BHAT) demonstrates benefits to those in the trial 

who received the drug propranolol compared with the 

control group.

 July 6, 1982. Dr. Claude Lenfant is appointed 

Director of the NHLBI. He succeeds Dr. Levy.

 September 1982. The results of the Multiple Risk 

Factor Intervention Trial are released. They support 

measures to reduce cigarette smoking and to lower blood 

cholesterol to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) 

mortality but raise questions about optimal treatment of 

mild hypertension.

 October 26, 1983. The Coronary Artery Surgery 

Study (CASS) results are released. They demonstrate 

that mildly symptomatic patients with coronary artery 

disease can safely defer coronary artery bypass surgery 

until symptoms worsen.

 January 12, 1984. The results of the Lipid Research 

Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT) 

are released. They establish conclusively that reducing 

total blood cholesterol reduces the risk of CHD in men at 

increased risk because of elevated cholesterol levels. 

Each 1 percent decrease in cholesterol can be expected to 

reduce heart attack risk by 2 percent.

 April–September 1984. The Tenth Report of the 

Director, NHLBI, commemorates the 10th anniversary of 

the passage of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, 

and Blood Act. The five-volume publication reviews 

10 years of research progress and presents a 5-year 

research plan for the national program.

 April 1984. The Division of Epidemiology and 

Clinical Applications (DECA) is created. It provides the 

Institute with a single focus on clinical trials; prevention, 

demonstration, and education programs; behavioral medicine; nutrition; epidemiology; and biometry. It also provides new opportunities to examine the interrelationships 

of cardiovascular, respiratory, and blood diseases.

 November 1984. An NHLBI–NIH Clinical Center 

inter-Agency agreement for studies on the transmission 

of HIV from humans to chimpanzees leads to the first 

definitive evidence that the transmission is by blood 

transfusion.

 April 1985. Results of Phase I of the Thrombolysis 

in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial comparing 

streptokinase (SK) with recombinant tissue plasminogen 

activator (t-PA) are published. The new thrombolytic 

agent recombinant t-PA is approximately twice as effective as SK in opening thrombosed coronary arteries.

 October 1985. The NHLBI Smoking Education 

Program is initiated to increase health care provider 

awareness about clinical opportunities for smoking cessation programs, techniques for use within health care 

settings, and resources for use within communities to 

expand and reinforce such efforts.

 October 14, 1985. NHLBI-supported researchers 

Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein are awarded 

the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol 

metabolism.

 November 1985. The NHLBI inaugurates the 

National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) to 

increase awareness among health professionals and the 

public that elevated blood cholesterol is a cause of CHD 

and that reducing elevated blood cholesterol levels will 

contribute to the reduction of CHD.

 June 1986. Results of the Prophylactic Penicillin 

Trial demonstrate the efficacy of prophylactic penicillin 

therapy in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with pneumococcal infections in children with SCD.

 September 18, 1986. The NHLBI sponsors events on 

the NIH campus in conjunction with the meeting of the 

X World Congress of Cardiology in Washington, DC. 

Activities include a special exhibit at the National 

Library of Medicine titled “American Contributions 

to Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery” and two 

symposia—“New Dimensions in Cardiovascular 

Disease Research” and “Cardiovascular Nursing and 

Nursing Research.”

 December 17, 1986. The citizens of Framingham, 

Massachusetts, are presented a tribute by the Assistant 

Secretary, HHS, for their participation in the Framingham Heart Study over the past 40 years.
 23 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 3. Important Events 

 September 1987. The NHLBI commemorates the 

centennial of the NIH and the 40th anniversary of the 

Institute’s inception. Two publications prepared for the 

Institute’s anniversary—Forty Years of Achievement in 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Research and A Salute to the 

Past: A History of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute—document significant Institute contributions to 

research and summarize recollections about the 

Institute’s 40-year history.

 October 1987. The National Blood Resource 

Education Program is established to ensure an adequate 

supply of safe blood and blood components to meet the 

Nation’s needs and to ensure that blood and blood 

components are transfused only when therapeutically 

appropriate.

 April 1988. The NHLBI initiates its Minority 

Research Supplements program to provide supplemental 

funds to ongoing research grants for support of minority 

investigators added to research teams.

 September 1988. AIDS research is added to the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases 

and Blood Resources Program. It is the first area of 

research to be added since the Program was established 

in 1973.

 September 1988. The NHLBI funds the first of its 

new Programs of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 

designed to foster the study of the organization, modification, and expression of the genome in areas of importance to the Institute and to encourage investigators to 

become skilled in the experimental strategies and techniques of modern molecular biology. 

 September 1988. The Strong Heart Study is initiated. 

It focuses on CVD morbidity and mortality rates and distribution of CVD risk factors in three geographically 

diverse American Indian groups. 

 October 1988. The National Marrow Donor Program 

is transferred from the Department of the Navy to the 

NHLBI. The Program, which serves as a focal point for 

bone marrow research, includes a national registry of 

volunteers who have offered to donate marrow for transplant to patients not having suitably matched relatives.

 March 1989. The NHLBI initiates a National Asthma 

Education Program to raise awareness of asthma as a 

serious chronic disease and to promote more effective 

management of asthma through patient and professional 

education. 

 May 1989. The NHLBI Minority Access to Research 

Careers (MARC) Summer Research Training Program is 

initiated to provide an opportunity for MARC Honors 

Scholars to work with researchers in the NHLBI intramural laboratories.

 September 14, 1990. The first human gene therapy 

protocol in history is undertaken at the NIH. A team of 

scientists—led by W. French Anderson, NHLBI, and R. 

Michael Blaese, NCI—insert a normal gene into a 

patient’s cells to compensate for a defective gene that left 

the patient’s cells unable to produce an enzyme essential 

to the functioning of the body’s immune system.

 January 1991. The NHLBI Obesity Education 

Initiative (OEI) begins. Its objective is to make a concerted effort to educate the public and health professionals about obesity as an independent risk factor for 

CVD and its relationship to other risk factors, such as 

high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol.

 February 1991. The expert panel of the National 

Asthma Education Program releases its report, Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, to 

educate physicians and other health care providers in 

asthma management.

 April 8–10, 1991. The First National Conference on 

Cholesterol and Blood Pressure Control is attended by 

more than 1,800 health professionals.

 May 1991. The Task Force on Hypertension, established in November 1989 to assess the state of hypertension research and to develop a plan for future NHLBI 

funding, presents its conclusions. The report outlines a 

set of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive 

plan for support over the next several years.

 June 11, 1991. The NHLBI initiates a National Heart 

Attack Alert Program (NHAAP) to reduce pre mature 

morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction 

(AMI) and sudden death. The Program emphasizes rapid 

disease identification and treatment.

 July 1991. Results of the Systolic Hypertension in the 

Elderly Program (SHEP) demonstrate that low-dose 

pharmacologic therapy of isolated systolic hypertension 

in those older than 60 years of age significantly reduces 

stroke and myocardial infarction.
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 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 3. Important Events 

 August 1991. Results of the Studies of Left 

Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) are released. They 

demonstrate that use of the angiotensin-converting 

enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril causes a significant 

reduction in mortality and hospitalization for congestive 

heart failure in patients with symptomatic heart failure.

 August 1991. The NHLBI sponsors “Physical 

Activity and Cardiovascular Health: Special Emphasis on 

Women and Youth,” the first national workshop to assess 

the current knowledge in the field and to develop scientific priorities and plans for support. Recommendations 

from the Working Groups are published in the supplemental issue of Medicine and Science in Sports and 

Exercise.

 March 1992. The International Consensus Report on 

Diagnosis and Management of Asthma is released. It is 

to be used by asthma specialists and medical opinion 

leaders to provide a framework for discussion of asthma 

management pertinent to their respective countries.

 March 1992. Results of the Trials of Hypertension 

Prevention Phase I are published. They demonstrate that 

both weight loss and reduction of dietary salt reduce 

blood pressure in adults with high-normal diastolic blood 

pressure and may reduce the incidence of primary 

hypertension.

 June 26–27, 1992. The Fourth National Minority 

Forum on Cardiovascular Health, Pulmonary Disorders, 

and Blood Resources is attended by nearly 600 

individuals.

 October 11–13, 1992. The First National Conference 

on Asthma Management is attended by more than 900 

individuals.

 October 30, 1992. A celebration of the 20th anniversary of the NHBPEP is held in conjunction with the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee meeting. The Fifth 

Report of the Joint National Committee on the Detection, 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

(JNC V) and the NHBPEP Working Group Report on the 

Primary Prevention of Hypertension are released.

 June 10, 1993. The NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 

(P.L. 103–43) establishes the NCSDR within the NHLBI.

 June 15, 1993. The Second Report of the Expert 

Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High 

Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP II) is released to the 

public at a press conference held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting.

 January 30, 1995. Results of the Multicenter Study 

of Hydroxyurea (MSH) are released through a clinical 

alert. They demonstrate that hydroxyurea reduced the 

number of painful episodes by 50 percent in severely 

affected adults with SCD. This is the first effective treatment for adult patients with this disorder.

 September 1995. The NHLBI funds a new Program 

of Specialized Centers of Research in Hematopoietic 

Stem Cell Biology, which is designed to advance our 

knowledge of stem cell biology and enhance our ability 

to achieve successful stem cell therapy to cure genetic 

and acquired diseases.

 September 21, 1995. Results of the Bypass 

Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation are released 

through a clinical alert. They demonstrate that patients 

on drug treatment for diabetes who had blockages in two 

or more coronary arteries and were treated with coronary 

artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery had, at 5 years, a 

death rate markedly lower than that of similar patients 

treated with angioplasty. The clinical alert recommends 

CABG over standard angioplasty for patients on drug 

therapy for diabetes who have multiple coronary blockages and are first-time candidates for either procedure.

 November 5–6, 1995. The first Conference on 

Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Cardiovascular Health 

and Disease is held to determine future opportunities and 

needs for research on SES factors and their relationships 

with cardiovascular health and disease.

 December 4–5, 1995. A celebration of the 10th anniversary of the NCEP is held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting. Results of the 

1995 Cholesterol Awareness Surveys of physicians and 

the public are released.

 May 1996. The NHLBI announces results from the 

Framingham Heart Study that conclude earlier and more 

aggressive treatment of hypertension is vital to preventing congestive heart failure. The Treatment of Mild 

Hypertension Study (TOMHS) demonstrates that lifestyle changes—such as weight loss, a healthy eating 

plan, and physical activity—are crucial for reducing 

blood lipids in those treated for Stage I hypertension.

 September 1996. Findings from the Asthma Clinical 

Research Network (ACRN) show that for people with 
 25 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 3. Important Events 

asthma, taking an inhaled beta-agonist at regularly scheduled times is safe but provides no greater benefit than 

taking the medication only when asthma symptoms 

occur. The recommendation to physicians who treat 

patients with mild asthma is to prescribe inhaled betaagonists only on an as-needed basis.

 November 13, 1996. The NHLBI releases findings 

from two studies, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial and Trial of Nonpharmacologic 

Intervention in the Elderly (TONE). The DASH Trial 

demonstrates that a diet low in fat and high in vegetables, 

fruits, fiber, and low-fat dairy products significantly and 

quickly lowers blood pressure. The TONE shows that 

weight loss and reduction of dietary sodium safely 

reduce the need for antihypertensive medication in older 

patients while keeping their blood pressure under 

control.

 January 1997. Definitive results from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth 

(PDAY) program are published. They show that atherosclerosis develops before age 20 and that the following 

risk factors affect the progression of atherosclerosis 

equally in women and men, regardless of race: low highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high low-density 

lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and cigarette smoking.

 February 24, 1997. The National Asthma Education 

and Prevention Program (NAEPP) releases the Expert 

Panel Report 2, Guidelines for the Diagnosis and 

Management of Asthma to the public at a press conference held in conjunction with a meeting of the American 

Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology in San 

Francisco.

 May 8, 1997. Results of the Antiarrhythmic Versus 

Implantable Defibrillator (AVID) clinical trial are presented. They show that an implantable cardiac defibrillator reduces mortality compared to pharmacologic therapy 

in patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death.

 September 1997. The Stroke Prevention Trial in 

Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) is terminated early because 

prophylactic transfusion resulted in a 90 percent relative 

decrease in the stroke rate among children 2 to 16 years 

old.

 September 1997. The Institute’s National Sickle Cell 

Disease Program celebrates its 25th anniversary.

 October 1997. The NHLBI commemorates the 50th 

anniversary of the Institute’s inception. A publication 

prepared for the Institute’s anniversary—Vital Signs: 

Discoveries in Diseases of the Heart, Lungs, and 

Blood—documents the remarkable research advances 

of the past 50 years.

 October 1, 1997. The WHI, initiated in 1991, is transferred to the NHLBI.

 November 6, 1997. The Sixth Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 

VI) is released at a press conference held in conjunction 

with the 25th anniversary meeting and celebration of the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee.

 December 1997. Findings from the Trial To Reduce 

Alloimmunization to Platelets (TRAP) demonstrate that 

leucocyte reduction by filtration or ultraviolet B irradiation of platelets—both methods are equally effective—

decreases development of lymphocytotoxic antibodies 

and alloimmune platelet refractoriness.

 February 1998. The Task Force on Behavioral 

Research in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Health and 

Disease—established in November 1995 to develop a 

plan for future NHLBI biobehavioral research in cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders—

presents its recommendations. The report outlines a set 

of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive plan 

for support over the next several years.

 February 19–21, 1998. The NHLBI and cosponsors—California CVD Prevention Coalition; California 

Department of Health Services; CVD Outreach, 

Resources, and Epidemiology Program; and the 

University of California, San Francisco—hold 

Cardiovascular Health: Coming Together for the 21st 

Century, A National Conference, in San Francisco.

 March 16, 1998. A special symposium is held at the 

annual meeting of the American Academy of Asthma, 

Allergy, and Immunology to celebrate 50 years of 

NHLBI-supported science.

 June 17, 1998. The NHLBI, in cooperation with the 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney 

Diseases (NIDDK), releases Clinical Guidelines on the 

Identification, Treatment, and Evaluation of Overweight 

and Obesity in Adults: Evidence Report.
 26 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 3. Important Events 

 December 11, 1998. World Asthma Day is established on this date. The NAEPP launches the Asthma 

Management Model System, an innovative Web-based 

information management tool.

 March 1999. The ARDS Network Study of Ventilator 

Management in ARDS is stopped early so that critical 

care specialists can be alerted to the results. The study 

demonstrated that approximately 25 percent fewer deaths 

occurred among intensive care patients with ARDS 

receiving small, rather than large, breaths of air from a 

mechanical ventilator. 

 March 22, 1999. The NAEPP holds its 10th anniversary meeting and celebration to recognize a decade of 

progress and a continued commitment to the future.

 August 1999. Results of the Early Revascularization 

for Cardiogenic Shock are released. They show 

improved survival at 6 months in patients treated with 

balloon angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery compared with patients who receive intensive medical care to 

stabilize their condition. 

 September 27–29, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors the 

National Conference on Cardiovascular Disease 

Prevention: Meeting the Healthy People 2010 Objectives 

for Cardiovascular Health.

 November 2, 1999. The NAEPP convenes a Workshop on Strengthening Asthma Coalitions: Thinking 

Globally, Acting Locally to gather information from 

coalition representatives on ways the NAEPP could 

support their efforts. 

 November 2–3, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors a Workshop on Research Training and Career Development.

 March 8, 2000. A part of the Antihypertensive and 

Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial 

(ALLHAT) is terminated early because one of the tested 

drugs, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, was found to be less 

effective than the more traditional diuretic in reducing 

some forms of CVD.

 March 29, 2000. The NHLBI launches the Web-based 

Healthy People 2010 Gateway to provide information and 

resources on cardiovascular health, asthma, sleep, and 

minority populations.

 April 25, 2000. The NHLBI sponsors a special expert 

meeting, Scientific Frontiers in Cardiothoracic Surgery, 

to discuss the future of cardiothoracic research. 

 September 2000. NHLBI-supported investigators 

identify a gene for primary pulmonary hypertension.

 October 2000. Results from the Childhood Asthma 

Management Program (CAMP) demonstrate that inhaled 

corticosteroids are safe and effective for long-term treatment of children with mild-to-moderate asthma.

 January 2001. Results of the DASH-Sodium Trial 

are released. They show that dietary sodium reduction 

substantially lowers blood pressure in persons with high 

blood pressure; the greatest effect occurs when sodium 

reduction is combined with the DASH diet.

 February 2001. The NHLBI launches a sleep education program for children, using star sleeper Garfield the 

Cat.

 February 1, 2001. The NHLBI—along with the HHS 

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the 

Office of the Surgeon General, the Centers for Disease 

Control and Prevention (CDC), the NINDS, and the 

American Heart Association—signs a memorandum of 

understanding to focus and coordinate their efforts to 

meet the Healthy People 2010 objectives on cardiovascular health.

 March 26–27, 2001. A strategy development workshop, “Women’s Heart Health: Developing a National 

Health Education Action Plan,” is held to develop an 

agenda for the NHLBI’s new heart health education 

effort directed at women.

 April 2001. The NHLBI releases the international 

guidelines for diagnosis, management, and prevention of 

COPD.

 April 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators identify 

genes that regulate human cholesterol levels.

 May 2001. The NHLBI releases the NCEP’s Third 

Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and 

Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III).

 June 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators find that 

human heart muscle cells regenerate after a heart attack.

 July 2001. A self-contained artificial heart is 

implanted in a patient for the first time.

 August 2001. Early results from the National 

Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) identify characteristics of patients at high risk for death following lung 

volume reduction surgery. 
 27 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 3. Important Events 

 August 2001. Scientists from the NHLBI SCOR program at Yale University identify two genes responsible 

for pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a rare Mendelian 

form of high blood pressure. These genes encode for 

protein kinases involved in a previously unknown pathway and may provide new targets for therapy.

 September 10, 2001. The NHLBI, along with the 

American Heart Association and other partners, launches 

“Act in Time to Heart Attack Signs,” a national campaign 

to increase awareness of the signs of heart attack and the 

need for a fast response.

 October 2001. NHLBI-supported scientists report 

that the drug, infliximab, increases risk of TB reactivation and dissemination. The drug is used to treat refractory rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease and is 

proposed as a treatment for several chronic lung diseases. 

 November 2001. Results of the Randomized 

Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment 

of Chronic Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that using an 

implanted left ventricular assist device can prolong survival and improve quality of life in severely ill patients 

who are not candidates for heart transplantation.

 December 2001. For the first time, scientists correct 

SCD in mice using gene therapy.

 April 10, 2002. The World Hypertension League 

(WHL) and the NHLBI hold an international symposium; subsequently they prepare an action plan at the 

WHL Council Conference to control hypertension and 

obesity.

 April 11–13, 2002. The NHLBI and cosponsors—the 

HHS Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the CDC, the American Heart Association, the 

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the 

Health Resources and Services Administration—hold a 

national conference, “Cardiovascular Health for All: 

Meeting the Challenge of Healthy People 2010.”

 June 2002. The NAEPP issues an update of selected 

topics in the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. 

 June 2002. The fourth edition of The Management 

of Sickle Cell Disease, which describes the current 

approach to counseling SCD patients and managing 

many of the medical complications of SCD, is issued to 

coincide with the 30th anniversary of the NHLBI Sickle 

Cell Program.

 July 9, 2002. The NHLBI stops early the trial of the 

estrogen plus progestin component of the WHI due to 

increased breast cancer risk and lack of overall benefits. 

The multicenter trial also found increases in CHD, 

stroke, and pulmonary embolism in participants on estrogen plus progestin compared to women taking placebo 

pills.

 August 2002. NHLBI-supported scientists identify a 

gene variant that is associated with arrhythmia in blacks.

 December 4, 2002. Results of the Atrial Fibrillation 

Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management Trial 

(AFFIRM) indicate that rate control rather than rhythm 

control may be the preferred approach for patients with 

atrial fibrillation. The rate control strategy involves 

the use of less expensive drugs and results in fewer 

hospitalizations.

 December 17, 2002. Results of the ALLHAT, the 

largest hypertension clinical trial ever conducted, show 

that less expensive traditional diuretics are at least as 

good as newer medicines (calcium channel blocker and 

ACE inhibitors) in treating high blood pressure and 

preventing some forms of heart disease.

 January 23, 2002. An NHLBI-supported study demonstrates that magnetic resonance imaging can be used to 

detect heart attacks faster and more accurately than traditional methods in patients who arrive at the emergency 

room with chest pain.

 February 24, 2002. The Prevention of Recurrent 

Venous Thromboembolism Trial is stopped early because 

treatment with low-dose warfarin to prevent recurrence 

of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism was 

so beneficial. 

 April 2003. Results of the MSH Patients’ Follow-Up 

Study show that the adult patients who took hydroxyurea 

over a 9-year period experienced a 40 percent reduction 

in deaths. Survival was related to fetal hemoglobin 

levels and frequency of vaso-occlusive events. 

 April 23, 2003. Results of the PREMIER trial of 

behavioral lifestyle interventions for blood pressure control show that individuals with prehypertension or stage I 

hypertension can lower their blood pressure by making 

multiple lifestyle changes. 

 May 14, 2003. The Seventh Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, 
 28 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 3. Important Events 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

(JNC VII) is released. 

 May 22, 2003. The NETT finds that lung volume 

reduction surgery (LVRS) benefits emphysema patients 

with certain clinical characteristics. The findings will be 

useful in the determination of Medicare coverage policy. 

 July 2003. The NHLBI and Gen-Probe Corporation 

succeed in developing a test to screen donated blood for 

the West Nile Virus. 

 August 2003. The NHLBI establishes a partnership 

with the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) 

to advance research on cardiovascular, respiratory, and 

blood diseases. 

 November 2003. The Public Access Defibrillation 

Trial demonstrates that use of an automated external defibrillator and CPR by trained community volunteers can 

increase survival for victims of sudden cardiac arrest. 

 March 2004. The NIH stops the estrogen-alone component of the WHI early due to the increased risk of 

stroke and deep vein thrombosis. Estrogen does not 

appear to affect heart disease. 

 March 2004. Preliminary results of the Sudden 

Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that an 

implantable cardiac defibrillator can reduce death in heart 

failure patients. 

 July 2004. The NHLBI releases an update to the 

2001 NCEP ATP III guidelines on the treatment of high 

blood cholesterol in adults. 

 August 2004. The NHBPEP Working Group on High 

Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents releases the 

Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and 

Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and 

Adolescents.

 August 2004. An NHLBI-funded study shows that 

nucleic acid amplification testing for HIV-1 and hepatitis 

C virus (HCV) further safeguards the Nation’s blood 

supply.

 October 2004. Results from a new study of adults 

with mild asthma by researchers participating in the 

ACRN demonstrate that genes affect patient response, 

over time, to daily doses of inhaled albuterol, a drug 

used for relief of acute asthma symptoms. A few weeks 

of its regular use improves overall asthma control in 

individuals with one form of the gene, but stopping all 

use of albuterol eventually improves asthma control in 

those with another form of the gene. The findings could 

lead to better ways to individualize asthma therapy.

 November 2004. Results of the Prevention of Events 

With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition 

(PEACE) demonstrate that many heart disease patients 

who are already receiving state-of-the-art therapy do not 

gain extra cardiovascular protection from ACE inhibitors. 

 December 2004. The NHLBI stops early the Stroke 

Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia Trial II (STOP II) so 

that physicians who treat children with sickle cell anemia 

can be alerted to its findings. STOP II, which is a study 

to determine whether children with sickle cell anemia 

and at high risk for stroke could at some point safely stop 

receiving the periodic blood transfusions that prevent 

strokes, shows that children revert to high risk for stroke 

when transfusions are stopped.

 January 2005. The NHLBI issues new guidelines for 

managing asthma during pregnancy.

January 2005. Results from Sudden Cardiac Death in 

Heart Failure (SCD-HeFT) show that patients with class 

II or class III heart failure and left ventricular ejection 

fraction of 35 percent or less have improved survival with 

implantable cardiac defibrillators. There is no benefit 

with amiodarone. 

 January 26, 2005. Dr. Elizabeth G. Nabel is 

appointed Director of the NHLBI. She succeeds 

Dr. Claude Lenfant.

 February 2005. NHLBI-supported scientists identify 

two genetic mutations common in individuals of African 

descent that are associated with a 40 percent reduction in 

LDL cholesterol.

June 1, 2005. HHS Secretary Mike Leavitt 

announces the launch of We Can!, Ways to Enhance 

Children’s Activity & Nutrition, a national education program from the NIH to prevent overweight and obesity 

among youth ages 8–13 years.

 February 15, 2006. Results from the WHI Calcium 

and Vitamin D Trial show that calcium and vitamin D 

supplements in healthy postmenopausal women provide 

a modest improvement in bone mass preservation and 

prevent hip fractures in certain groups, including older 

women, but do not prevent other types of fractures or 

colorectal cancer.
 29 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 3. Important Events 

 May 10, 2006. Results from the Childhood Asthma 

Research and Education (CARE) Network show that 

daily treatment with inhaled corticosteroids can reduce 

breathing problems in preschool-aged children at high 

risk for asthma, but does not prevent them from developing persistent asthma.

 May 31, 2006. The Prospective Investigation of 

Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) II finds that 

the ability to diagnose pulmonary embolism is improved 

when a commonly used imaging test of the chest to 

detect potentially deadly blood clots in the lung is complemented by an extension of the scan to the legs—

where the clots typically originate—or by a standard 

clinical assessment.

 June 6, 2006. Results from the Should We Emergently 

Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock 

(SHOCK) trial show that treating heart attack patients who 

have a life-threatening complication called cardiogenic 

shock with emergency angioplasty or bypass surgery 

greatly improves their long-term survival.

 July 18, 2006. NHLBI scientists find that a hormone 

called brain natriuretic peptide or BNP, which can be 

detected in a simple blood test, can identify patients with 

SCD who have developed a life-threatening complication called pulmonary hypertension. The hormone is 

also a predictor of death in adult sickle cell patients. 

 July 26, 2006. Results from two randomized clinical 

trials demonstrate that inhaled nitric oxide administered 

within the first few weeks of life helps prevent chronic 

lung disease in some low birthweight premature infants. 

Moreover, when administered within 48 hours after 

birth, it appears to protect some premature newborns 

from brain injury.

 September 19, 2006. The NHLBI launches a peripheral artery disease awareness and education campaign, 

“Stay in Circulation: Take Steps To Learn About 

P.A.D.” (peripheral artery disease).

 January 18, 2007. The NHLBI launches the Learn 

More Breathe Better campaign to increase COPD awareness among primary care physicians and the public.

 August 29, 2007. The NAEPP issues the Expert Panel 

Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management 

of Asthma—Full Report 2007, an update of the latest scientific evidence and recommendations for clinical practice on asthma care.

 October 1, 2007. The NHLBI launches an open 

access dataset for researchers worldwide. Known as 

SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe), the 

Web-based dataset will enable qualified researchers to 

access data from large population-based studies, starting 

with the landmark Framingham Heart Study. It is 

expected to accelerate discoveries linking genes and 

health, thereby advancing understanding of the causes 

and prevention of CVD and other disorders.

 October 8, 2007. Mario Capecchi and Oliver 

Smithies, who are researchers supported by the NHLBI, 

are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 

for their creation of a gene-targeting technique that 

allows scientists to create transgenic mice that are genetically modified to develop human diseases.

 December 3, 2007. The NHLBI announces a new 

strategic plan to guide its next decade of research, training, and education to reduce the national burden of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders.

 December 10, 2007. Results of the Occluded Artery 

Trial (OAT) are incorporated into practice guidelines: 

The American College of Cardiology/American Heart 

Association’s 2007 Focused Update of the 2004 

Guidelines for the Management of Patients With 

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. The guidelines discourage percutaneous coronary intervention of a totally 

occluded artery late in the course of myocardial infarction in the absence of symptoms if patients are stable and 

do not have evidence of severe ischemia.

 January 28, 2008. Results from the ALLHAT demonstrate that in people—especially blacks—who have high 

blood pressure as part of metabolic syndrome, diuretics 

offer greater protection against CVD, including heart 

failure, and are at least as effective for lowering blood 

pressure as newer, more expensive medications.

 February 2008. The NHLBI stops one treatment arm 

of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes 

(ACCORD) clinical trial of adults who have type 2 diabetes at high risk for heart attack and stroke after a 

review of available data showed that participants following a medical strategy to lower blood glucose below current recommendations to near-normal levels increased 

the risk of death compared with a standard treatment 

strategy. All participants now follow a medical strategy 

to reach the standard blood sugar levels while the lipid 

and blood pressure components of the study continue.
 30 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 3. Important Events 

 February 2008. An independent panel convened by 

the NIH concludes that the use of hydroxyurea for treating SCD should be increased among adolescents and 

adults who have the disease.

 February 29, 2008. The NHLBI issues the first U.S. 

guidelines for the diagnosis and management of von 

Willebrand Disease, the most common inherited bleeding 

disorder.

 March 2008. The NHLBI announces a comprehensive restructuring of its SCD research program to take 

advantage of new scientific opportunities and make SCD 

resources more widely available.

 March 4, 2008. The WHI Follow-up Study confirms 

that the health risks of long-term combination hormone 

therapy outweigh the benefits for postmenopausal 

women. Researchers report that about 3 years after 

women stopped taking combination hormone therapy, 

many of the health effects of hormones—such as 

increased risk of heart disease—are diminished but overall risks of stroke, blood clots, and cancer remain high.

 March 5, 2008. Scientists report that they have 

identified the variants of the gene VKORC1 that 

determine a patient’s initial response to treatment with 

the blood-thinning (anticoagulant) drug warfarin. The 

finding is expected to enhance the ability of physicians to 

tailor the dosage of warfarin for individual patients.

 April 2008. NHLBI-supported researchers identify 

gene variants associated with increased susceptibility to 

asthma and reduced lung function in three study populations. Risk for developing asthma is linked to variants in 

a gene called CHI3L1, which can be measured by checking levels of an inherited blood protein that it regulates.

 April 8, 2008. Results from the Stop Atherosclerosis 

in Native Diabetic Study (SANDS) show that aggressively lowering cholesterol and blood pressure levels 

below current targets in adults with type 2 diabetes may 

help to prevent, and possibly reverse, hardening of the 

arteries.

 April 14, 2008. The NHLBI, along with the NCI and 

National Institute of General Medical Sciences 

(NIGMS), signs a letter of intent with the Center for 

Genomic Medicine in Japan to create a Global Alliance 

for Pharmacogenomics to identify genetic factors that 

contribute to individual responses to medicines, including rare and dangerous side effects. Research results 

will eventually allow physicians to ensure the safety and 

optimize the effectiveness of drugs for each patient.

 August 18, 2008. The NHLBI launches an educational 

Web site, “Children and Clinical Studies,” which features 

documentary videos, text, and graphics designed to promote a better understanding of research in children for 

health care professionals and the public.

 September 15, 2008. The Surgeon General’s Call to 

Action To Prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary 

Embolism is released. The Call to Action, which urges a 

coordinated, multifaceted plan to reduce the number of 

cases of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism 

nationwide, resulted from a Surgeon General’s Workshop 

on Deep Vein Thrombosis co-sponsored by the NHLBI.

 September 25, 2008. Researchers announce that they 

have developed a genetically altered animal model for 

CF that closely matches the characteristics of the disease 

in humans.

 October 6, 2008. NIH scientists show that tipifarnib, an 

experimental anticancer drug, can prevent, and even 

reverse, potentially fatal cardiovascular damage in a mouse 

model of progeria (rare genetic disorder that causes the 

most dramatic form of human premature aging).

 December 15, 2008. The NHLBI expands its openaccess dataset of genetic and clinical data to include 

information collected from three NHLBI-funded asthma 

research networks: ACRN, CAMP, and CARE.

 December 19, 2008. Researchers identify a gene that 

directly affects the production of a form of hemoglobin 

that is instrumental in modifying the severity of SCD and 

thalassemia. 

 March 29, 2009. Results from the Surgical Treatment 

for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) study show that surgery to reshape the scarred left ventricle, the main pumping chamber of the heart, often performed in conjunction 

with coronary bypass surgery, fails to reduce deaths and 

hospitalizations in heart failure patients and does not 

improve quality of life compared with bypass alone.

 June 5, 2009. Results from the Bypass Angioplasty 

Revascularization in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D) study in 

patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease 

indicate that while revascularization can be delayed for 

many patients receiving optimal medical therapy, patients 

with extensive coronary artery disease do better with 

prompt bypass surgery than with medical therapy alone.
 31 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 3. Important Events 

 June 10, 2009. The NHLBI joins with UnitedHealth 

Group’s Chronic Disease Initiative to launch a worldwide network of research and training centers to build 

institutional and community capacity to prevent and control chronic diseases globally.

July 28, 2009. The NHLBI stops the Sildenafil for 

Sickle Cell Disease-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension 

study after an interim review of the safety data shows 

that participants who are taking sildenafil are significantly more likely to have serious medical problems 

(e.g., severe pain called sickle cell crises) compared with 

participants on placebo.

August 16, 2009. Results from the Exome Project 

demonstrate the feasibility and value of isolating and 

sequencing all exons for identifying relatively rare 

genetic variants that may cause or contribute to disease. 

By focusing on the exome, important information about 

an individual can be obtained at a much lower cost than 

sequencing a person’s entire genome.

August 19, 2009. Results from Sleep Heart Health 

Study show that moderate to severe obstructive sleep 

apnea is associated with an increased risk of death in 

middle-aged adults, especially men.

October 2009. The Division of Cardiovascular 

Sciences is created by combining two previously existing 

divisions, the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and 

the Division of Prevention and Population Sciences, so 

that the administrative structure better matches the 

dynamic interaction that exists among basic, clinical, and 

population sciences. 

December 9, 2009. Scientists, using a modified 

blood adult stem-cell transplant regimen, reverse SCD in 

9 of 10 adults who had been severely affected by the 

disease. 

May 2010. The NHLBI launches the National Asthma 

Control Initiative to improve asthma control in patients by 

bringing asthma care in line with evidence-based recommendations from the Expert Panel Report 3—Guidelines 

for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma and its 

companion document, Guidelines Implementation Panel 

Report—Partners Putting Guidelines Into Action.

October 20, 2010. Follow-up findings from the WHI 

study of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women 

show that, in addition to having a higher incidence of 

breast cancer, the group treated with estrogen plus progestin had nearly double the rate of mortality from breast 

cancer than the placebo group 5 years after the study 

drug was discontinued.

April 7, 2011. Results from the STICH study show 

that adding bypass surgery to medical therapy for 

selected patients with chronic heart failure reduced the 

combination of deaths and heart-related hospital stays 

compared with medical therapy alone. 

May 12, 2011. Results from the Pediatric 

Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (Baby HUG) show 

that hydroxyurea appears to be safe for treating SCD in 

children aged 8–19 months, and can reduce their pain 

episodes and improve key blood measurements. 

August 24, 2011. Results from the COPD Clinical 

Research Network show that adding a common antibiotic 

to the usual daily treatment regimen for COPD reduced 

the occurrence of acute exacerbations and improved the 

quality of life of patients.

September 26, 2011. Results from a genome-wide 

association study show that asthma patients who have 

two copies of a specific gene variant responded only onethird as well to steroid inhalers used to treat asthma as 

those with two copies of the normal gene. 

33

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

4. Disease Statistics

Cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases constitute a large morbidity, mortality, and economic 

burden on individuals, families, and the Nation. 

Common forms are atherosclerosis, hypertension, 

COPD, and blood-clotting disorders—embolisms 

and thromboses. The most serious atherosclerotic 

diseases are CHD, as manifested by heart attack 

and angina pectoris, and cerebrovascular disease, as 

manifested by stroke.

In 2008, cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

accounted for 1,052,000 deaths and 43 percent of 

all deaths in the United States (p. 35). The estimated economic cost in 2008 for these diseases 

was $392 billion, 22 percent of the total economic 

costs of illness, injuries, and death (p. 51). Of all 

diseases, heart disease is the leading cause of death; 

chronic lower respiratory diseases (CLRD), which 

includes COPD and asthma, ranks third (behind 

cancer); and cerebrovascular disease is fourth 

(p. 38). Cardiovascular and lung diseases account 

for 3 of the 4 leading causes of death (p. 38) and 

4 of the 10 leading causes of infant death (p. 44). 

Hypertension, asthma, CHD, and COPD are especially prevalent and account for substantial morbidity in Americans (p. 47).

The purpose of the biomedical research conducted by the NHLBI is to contribute to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases and sleep disorders. National disease statistics show that by mid-century, morbidity and mortality from these diseases had reached record high 

levels. Since then, however, substantial improvements have been achieved, especially over the past 

40 years, as shown by the significant decline in 

mortality rates. Because many of these diseases 

begin early in life, their early detection and control 

can reduce the risk of disability and can delay death. 

Although important advances have been made in the 

treatment and control of cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases, these diseases continue to be a major 

burden on the Nation.

Mortality statistics in this chapter are for diseases 

or conditions classified as the underlying cause of 

death. Heart failure, however, is never truly an 

underlying cause even though 56,830 deaths in 2008 

were nominally coded to it as the underlying cause. 

Therefore, in this chapter, mortality statistics 

attributed to any mention of heart failure represent 

it as either the underlying cause or a contributing 

cause of death.

Cardiovascular Diseases

• In 2008, CVD caused 812,000 deaths—

33 percent of all deaths (p. 35).

• Heart disease is the leading cause of death; the

main form, CHD, caused 405,000 deaths in 

2008 (pp. 36, 38).

• The annual number of deaths from CVD

increased substantially from 1900 to 1970 and 

remains high (p. 37). 

• The death rate (not age-adjusted) for CVD

increased from 1920 until it peaked in 1968. 

Since then, the trend has been downward. In 

2008, the rate was below the all-time low in 

1900 (p. 37).

• Cerebrovascular disease, the fourth leading

cause of death, accounted for 134,000 deaths in 

2008 (pp. 36, 38).

• Heart disease is second only to all cancers

combined in years of potential life lost (p. 38).

• Heart disease is the leading cause of death in

blacks and Hispanics, but second to cancer in 

Asians and American Indians. Stroke ranks as 

the third or fourth leading cause of death in the 

minority groups, except in American Indians, 

where it ranks seventh (p. 38).

• Deaths with heart failure as the underlying or

contributing cause increased from 1970 to 1993 

and then remained constant to 2008 (p. 39).

• From 1999 to 2008, death rates for CHD and

stroke declined in males and females of all 

racial/ethnic groups. CHD mortality remained 

highest in the black population and lowest in the 

Asian population. Stroke mortality continues to 

be highest in the black population (p. 40).

• Because of the rapid decline in mortality from

CHD since the peak in 1968, there were 

1,174,000 fewer deaths from CHD in 2008 than 

would have occurred if there had been no 

decline (p. 41). 
34

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

rates for COPD declined in both black and white 

males but rose in both black and white females (p. 43).

• From 1980 to 2008, infant death rates for

various lung diseases declined markedly (p. 43).

• In 2008, of the 10 leading causes of infant mortality, 

4 were lung diseases or had a lung disease component (p. 44). From 1998 to 2008, changes in 

mortality for the causes were:

– Congenital malformations (-9 percent)

– Disorders of short gestation (-3 percent)

– Sudden infant death syndrome (-27 percent)

– Respiratory distress syndrome (-51 percent).

• In 2008, approximately one in six deaths in children

under 1 year of age was due to a lung disease (p. 44).

• From 1980 to 2008, the CLRD death rate for

females in the United States increased appreciably 

compared with the rates in several other countries 

(p. 45).

• From 2000 to 2008, death rates for CLRD decreased

slightly for Asian and Hispanic females but were 

stable for American Indian and non-Hispanic white 

and non-Hispanic black females. For males, the 

rates decreased in all racial/ethnic groups (p. 46).

• Among the sleep disorders, sleep apnea is increasingly being recognized as an important health problem, which can lead to serious consequences. From 

2000 to 2009, physician office visits for sleep apnea 

increased from 2 to 3.7 million (p. 46).

• Asthma is a common chronic condition, particularly

in children (pp. 47, 48, 50). 

• The economic cost of asthma, COPD, and pneumonia was $89 billion in 2008:

– $68 billion in direct health expenditures

– $21 billion in indirect cost of mortality (p. 51).

Blood Diseases

• Approximately 10,000 deaths were attributed to

blood diseases in 2008 (p. 35). These include the 

following:

– 5,000 due to anemias

– 1,800 due to coagulation defects

– 800 due to purpura

– 2,400 due to other blood diseases.

• A large proportion of deaths from AMI, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease involve 

blood-clotting problems (no estimate available). 

• In 2008, anemias cost the Nation’s economy 

$6 billion:

– $5 billion in direct health expenditures

– $1 billion in indirect cost of mortality (p. 51).

• Substantial improvements have been made in the

treatment of CVD. Since 1975 or 1985, the percent 

of hospitalizations for AMI, stroke, heart failure, 

and cardiac dysrhythmias that were discharged dead 

declined appreciably (p. 41).

• The decline in CHD mortality began earlier in the

United States than in most countries and outpaced 

that in most countries until the 1990s (only selected 

countries are shown) (p. 42).

• From 1999 to 2008, the percentage decline in death

rates for CHD and stroke was fairly similar for 

whites and blacks (p. 43).

• In 2008, an estimated 82.6 million persons in the

United States had CVD, including 76.4 million with 

hypertension and 16.3 million with CHD (p. 47).

• Since the 1960s, there has been a substantial reduction in the prevalence of CVD risk factors: hypertension, smoking, and high cholesterol, but not

overweight. The large decline in prevalence of 

hypertension from 1976–1980 to 1988–1994 was 

followed by a slightly higher prevalence in

1999–2004 and 2005–2008 (p. 48).

• From 1976–1980 to 2005–2008, the percentage of 

persons with hypertension who were aware of their 

condition, on treatment for it, and having their blood 

pressure under control increased substantially 

(p. 49).

• A 2005–2008 national survey showed only about 

48 percent of hypertensive patients (systolic BP

 ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or on 

antihypertensive medication) had their condition 

under control (p. 49).

• Hospitalization rates for heart failure in those aged

45 to 64 years increased from 1971 to 1993 and 

remained stable to 2009. Rates for those aged 

65 years and older increased from 1971 to 1998 

and remained relatively stable until 2005; rates then 

declined through 2009 (p. 50).

• The estimated economic cost of CVD for 2008 was

$298 billion:

– $179 billion in direct health expenditures

– $118 billion in indirect cost of mortality (p. 51).

Lung Diseases

• Lung diseases, excluding lung cancer, caused an 

estimated 242,000 deaths in 2008 (p. 35).

• CLRD caused 141,000 deaths in 2008 and is the

third leading cause of death (pp. 36, 38).

• From 1999 to 2008, death rates for asthma declined 

in both black and white males and females; death 
35

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases, U.S., 2008

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2008

Total Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases 42.5%

CVD 

77.2%

Blood 

1.0%

Lung 

21.8%

* Excludes 12,854 deaths from pulmonary heart disease (0.5%).

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1988 and 2008

1988 2008

Cause of Death

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

All Causes 2,167,999 100 2,471,984 100

All Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases 1,181,646 55 1,051,502 43

Cardiovascular 979,788 45 811,940 33

Blood 8,649 <1 10,066 <1

Lung 205,798* 9 242,350** 10

All Other Causes 986,353 45 1,420,482 57

* Includes 12,931 CVD deaths due to pulmonary heart disease.

**Includes 12,854 CVD deaths involving pulmonary heart disease.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 

Blood 

0.4%

CVD 

32.8%

Lung*

9.3%

Other 

57.5%
36

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2008

Deaths (Thousands)

Cause of Death Cardiovascular Lung Blood

Acute Myocardial Infarction 134 — —*

Other Coronary Heart Disease 270 — —

Cerebrovascular Diseases (Stroke) 134 — —*

Other Atherosclerosis 28 — —

Pulmonary Embolism 7 7** —*

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Other Cardiovascular Diseases

2

236

—

6**

—*

—

Bleeding and Red Blood Cell Diseases† — — 10

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — 138 —

Asthma — 3 —

Influenza and Pneumonia — 56 —

Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders — 4 —

Interstitial Lung Diseases — 7 —

Lung Diseases Due to External Agents — 18 —

Other Lung Diseases — 3 —

Total 812‡ 242 10†

* Deaths from pulmonary disorders also included as CVD.

**Deaths from anemias, coagulation defects, purpura, and other blood diseases. Deaths attributed to blood-clotting diseases classified to AMI, stroke, and 

peripheral artery disease are not included.

† Most deaths from this cardiovascular disease can be classified as a blood-clotting disease. No good estimate is available.

‡ Numbers do not sum to the total due to rounding.

Note: Total, excluding overlap, is 1,051,502.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

* Includes heart failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertensive disease, deep vein thrombosis, and other heart and blood vessel diseases.

Note: Numbers do not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Atherosclerosis-related disease 69.7%

Other 

CVD*

29.4%

Pulmonary 

Embolism 

0.9%

Other 

Atherosclerosis 

3.4%

Other CHD 

33.3%

AMI 

16.5%

Stroke 

16.5%

Deaths From Cardiovascular 

Diseases, U.S., 2008

Influenza/ 

Pneumonia 

23.2%

Airway Diseases 

58.2%

Interstitial/

Other

11.4%

Neonatal 

1.8%

Pulmonary 

Circulation 

5.3%

Deaths From Lung Diseases, 

U.S., 2008

Deaths From Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 2008

White Blood 

Cell Diseases 

4.5%

Anemias 

49.9%

Coagulation 

Defects 

17.9%

Purpura 

8.3%

Other Blood 

Diseases 

19.5%
37

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2008

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates* for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2008

* Not age-adjusted.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008

Year

CVD

H Dis

CHD

Stroke

Deaths/100,000 Population

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 

Year

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008

Year

Total

H Dis

CHD

Stroke

Deaths (Thousands)

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 

Year

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

Total CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke
38

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2008

* Not age-adjusted.

**Includes 133.3 deaths per 100,000 population from CHD.

† CLRD is the term used in the ICD/10 for COPD and asthma.

‡ Based on the average remaining years of life up to age 77 years.

Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2008

* Includes deaths among individuals of Asian extraction and Asian-Pacific Islanders.

**Includes deaths among Aleuts and Eskimos.

Note: Causes of death shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Cause of Death

1 = Heart Disease**

2 = Cancer

3 = CLRD†

4 = Stroke

5 = Accidents

6 = Alzheimer’s Disease

7 = Diabetes

8 = Influenza and Pneumonia

9 = Nephritis

10 = Septicemia 

Deaths/100,000 Population*

Years of potential life lost (millions)‡ 3.5 4.9 0.6 0.6 3.4 <0.1 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

250

200

150

100

50

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

HIV Disease

Septicemia

Homicide

Nephritis

CLRD

Diabetes

Accidents

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Cause Black

Heart

Cancer

Stroke

Accidents

Diabetes

CLRD

Nephritis

Homicide

Septicemia

HIV Disease

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Nephritis

Pneumonia

Homicide 

CLRD

Cirrhosis

Diabetes

Stroke

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Cause Hispanic

Heart

Cancer

Accidents

Stroke

Diabetes

Cirrhosis

CLRD

Homicide

Pneumonia

Nephritis

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Suicide

Alzheimer's

Nephritis

CLRD

Pneumonia

Diabetes

Accidents

Stroke

Heart

Cancer

Percent of All Deaths

Cause Asian*

Cancer

Heart

Stroke

Accidents

Diabetes

Pneumonia

CLRD

Nephritis

Alzheimer’s 

Suicide

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Nephritis

Pneumonia

Suicide

Stroke 

CLRD

Cirrhosis

Diabetes

Accidents

Heart

Cancer

Percent of All Deaths

Cause American Indian**

Cancer

Heart

Accidents

Diabetes

Cirrhosis

CLRD

Stroke

Suicide

Pneumonia

Nephritis
39

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1963, 1988, 

and 2008

Deaths/100,000 Population*

Percent 

Change 

Percent 

Change

Cause of Death 1963 1988 2008 1963–2008 1988–2008

All Causes 1,346 975 760 -44 -22

Cardiovascular Diseases 805 450 245 -70 -46

Coronary Heart Disease 478 234 123 -74 -48

Stroke 174 74** 41 -77 -45

Other 153 142 81 -47 -43

Noncardiovascular Diseases 541 525 515 -5 -2

COPD and Asthma 16 38† 44 167 16

Other 524 487 471 -10 -3

* Age-adjusted.

**ICD 10/9 comparability ratio (1.0502) applied.

† ICD 10/9 comparability ratio (1.0411) applied.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths Attributed to Heart Failure,* U.S., 1970–2008

* Heart failure as the underlying cause of death or otherwise mentioned on the death certificate.

Note: Breaks in trend line indicate change in ICD codes.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41

Year

Deaths (Thousands)

 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 

Year

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
40

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2008

* Non-Hispanic.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2008

* Non-Hispanic.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

19992000200120022003200420052006200720081999200020012002200320042005200620072008

Year

Black*

White*

Hisp

Indian

Asian

Deaths/100,000 Population

Black*

White*

Hispanic

American Indian

Asian

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Male Female

Year

1999 2002 2005 2008 1999 2002 2005 2008

0

20

40

60

80

100

19992000200120022003200420052006200720081999200020012002200320042005200620072008

Year

Black*

Wh*

As

His

Am

100

80

60

40

20

0

Deaths/100,000 Population

Male Female

Black*

White*

Asian

Hispanic

American Indian

Year

1999 2002 2005 2008 1999 2002 2005 2008
41

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2008

Actual Rate and Expected Rates if Rise Had Continued or Reached a Plateau

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead From Hospitals, 

U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2009

Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), NCHS.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Cardiac 

Dysrhythmia 

Pneumonia

Heart Failure

Stroke

AMI

Percent Discharged Dead

1975 1985

2009

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Percent Discharged Dead

1975

1985

2009

AMI

Stroke

Heart Failure

Pneumonia

 Cardiac 

Dysrhythmias

Disease

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

195019541958196219661970197419781982198619901994199820022006

Year

Deaths/100,000 Population

Almost 1.8 Million Deaths Expected 

in 2008 if Rise Had Continued

1,174,000 Deaths Averted in 2008 Due to 

Decline From Peak Rate in 1968 (1,579,000–405,000)

405,000 Actual Deaths in 2008

1,579,000 Deaths Expected in 2008

if No Decline From Peak Rate

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year
42

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Males, Ages 35–74 Years, in Selected Countries, 1970–

2009

* Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

**United Kingdom for 2008 and 2009; England and Wales for 1970–2007.

Source: World Health Organization (WHO) Mortality Database.

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Females, Ages 35–74 Years, in Selected Countries, 

1970–2009

* Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

**United Kingdom for 2008 and 2009; England and Wales for 1970–2007.

Source: WHO Mortality Database.

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

1970197519801985199019952000200520062007200820092010

Year

Australia

USA

Finland

UK

Germany

Poland

France

Japan

Deaths/100,000 Population

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Australia

USA

Finland

UK**

Germany

Poland

France

Japan

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

1970197519801985199019952000200520062007200820092010

Year

Finland

Australia

USA

UK

Germany

Poland

France

Japan

Deaths/100,000 Population

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Finland

Australia

USA

UK**

Germany

Poland

France

Japan

Year

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year
43

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Percent Change in Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Selected Causes by Race and Sex, U.S., 

1999–2008

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2008

-50.0

-40.0

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

White Men

Black Men

White Women

Black Women

Percent Change

Cause of Death

COPD Asthma CHD Stroke

30

20

10

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

White Male

Black Male

White Female

Black Female 

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths/100,000 Live Births

0

50

100

150

200

1980198519901995200020052010

Year

Sids

RespD

Other 

Hyp

Pneu

Sudden Infant 

Death Syndrome

Respiratory 

Distress Syndrome

Other Neonatal 

Respiratory Disorder

Hypoxia

Pneumonia

200

150

100

50

0

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year
44

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2008

* Congenital CVD and congenital respiratory diseases accounted for 44.6 deaths under age 1 per 100,000 live births (black bar), which is 34 percent of infant 

deaths due to all congenital malformations.

**From 1998 to 2008, congenital CVD declined 30 percent; congenital malformations of the respiratory system declined 47 percent; other congenital 

malformations increased 20 percent.

NA: Not available.

Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2008

Cause of Death

Deaths 

Under Age 1

All Causes 28,059

Cardiovascular Diseases 2,121

Congenital Malformations 1,527

Other 594

Lung Diseases 4,718

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 2,353

Respiratory Distress Syndrome 640

Pneumonia 210

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) 217

Atelectasis of Newborn 335

Congenital Malformations 371

Other Lung Diseases 592

Other Diseases 21,220

Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

CVD 7.6%

Lung Diseases 16.8%

Congenital 

Malformations 

of the CV System 

5.4%

Other Diseases 

75.6%

Congenital Malformations 

of the Respiratory System

1.3%

Atelectasis and 

Other Lung

Diseases

3.3% BPD 

0.8%

RDS 

2.3%

Pneumonia 

0.7%

SIDS 

8.4%

Other CVD 

2.1%

Deaths Under Age 1 per 100,000 Live Births

0 50 100 150

Intrauterine Hypoxia

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Newborns Affected by Complications

of Placenta, Cord, and Membrane

Newborns Affected by Maternal

Complications of Pregnancy

Disorders Relating

to Short Gestation

Deaths Under Age 1/100,000 Live Births

Percent 

Change

Cause of Mortality 1998–2008

 -9**

-3

-27

16

59

2

NA

-51

16

21

Congenital Malformations*

Disorders Relating

to Short Gestation

Sudden Infant 

Death Syndrome

Newborns Affected by Maternal 

Complications of Pregnancy

Accidents and Adverse Effects

Newborns Affected by Complications 

of Placenta, Cord, and Membrane

Bacterial Sepsis of Newborn

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Neonatal Hemorrhage

Intrauterine Hypoxia

0 50 100 150
45

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Death Rates* for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases in Males, Ages 35 Years and Older, in Selected 

Countries, 1980–2009

* Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

**United Kingdom for 2008 and 2009; England and Wales for 1970–2007.

Source: WHO Mortality Database.

Death Rates* for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases in Females, Ages 35 Years and Older, in 

Selected Countries, 1980–2009

* Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

**United Kingdom for 2008 and 2009; England and Wales for 1970–2007.

Source: WHO Mortality Database.

Deaths/100,000 Population

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

180.0

1980198519901995200020052006200720082009

Year

UK

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

Finland

France

Japan

UK**

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

Finland

France

Japan

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Year

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Deaths/100,000 Population

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

19801985199019952000200520062007200820092010

Year

UK

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

France

Japan

Finland

UK**

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

France

Japan

Finland

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
46

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, 

U.S., 1999–2008

* Non-Hispanic.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 2000–2009

Note: Primary and secondary diagnoses.

Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, NCHS.

Deaths/100,000 Population

Male Female

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

White*

Black*

American Indian 

Hispanic

Asian

1999 2002 2005 2008 1999 2002 2005 2008

Year

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2000200120022003200420052006200720082009

Year

Insomnia

Sleep Apnea

Narcolepsy

Number of Visits (Millions)

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Insomnia

Sleep Apnea

Narcolepsy

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year
47

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2005–2010

Disease Number of Persons

Cardiovascular Diseases* 82,600,000

Hypertension** 76,400,000

Coronary Heart Disease 16,300,000

Heart Failure 5,700,000

Stroke 7,000,000

Congenital Heart Disease† 1,000,000

Asthma‡ 39,190,000

COPD§ 12,481,000

* Includes hypertension, CHD, stroke, or heart failure for ages 20 years and older.

**Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication, or 

being told twice of having hypertension.

† Range from 650,000 to 1,300,000 for ages 18 years and older (Am Heart J 2004;147:425–439).

‡ 25,710,000 still have asthma and of those, 13,882,000 have had an attack in the past 12 months, for all ages. 

§ An estimated 12,481,000 diagnosed (2010) and 12,000,000 undiagnosed (2006), for ages 18 years and older. 

Sources: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2008, NCHS and National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2010, NCHS.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases* in Adults by Age and Sex, U.S., 2005–2008

* Hypertension, CHD, stroke, or heart failure. Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg,

or being on antihypertensive medication.

Source: NHANES, 2005–2008, NCHS.

Percent of Population

0

20

40

60

80

100

20–39 40–59 60–79 ≥80

Age (Years)

Male

Female

100

80

60

40

20

0

20–39 40–59 60–79 ≥ 80

Age (Years)

Male

Female
48

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2005–2010

Sources: NHIS and NHANES, NCHS.

Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2010

Notes: Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication. High 

cholesterol is ≥240 mg/dL. Overweight is BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Data were collected at six time periods: 1960–1961 (plotted at 1961), 1971–1974 (plotted at 1972), 

1976–1980 (plotted at 1978), 1988–1994 (plotted at 1991), 1999–2004 (plotted at 2004), and 2005–2008 (plotted at 2008).

Sources: NHIS for smoking, ages ≥18, NCHS; NHANES for the other risk factors, ages 20–74, NCHS.

CHD

COPD

Asthma

Hypertension

Asthma

Hypertension

Stroke

Heart Failure

COPD

Asthma

CHD

Hypertension 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Asthma

Heart Failure

Stroke

COPD

CHD

Hypertension

<18 Years

18–44 Years

45–64 Years

>65 Years

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 

Percent of Population

Asthma

Hypertension

Asthma

COPD

CHD

Hypertension

CHD

Asthma

COPD

Heart Failure

Stroke

Hypertension

CHD

Stroke

COPD

Heart Failure

Asthma

Disease

Percent of Population

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

196019611962196319641965196619671968196919701971197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010

Year

Overweight

Smoking

Hypertension

High Cholesterol

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

Overweight

Smoking

Hypertension

High Cholesterol
49

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Hypertensive* Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Ages 18 Years and Older, U.S., 1976–1980 

to 2005–2008

* Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication.

Source: NHANES, NCHS.

Adult Population With Hypertension* by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex, U.S., 2005–2008

* Hypertension is systolic blood pressure ≥140mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication.

**Non-Hispanic.

Source: NHANES, NCHS. 

40–59

18–39

Percent of Population

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0

White

Black

Mexi

0 20 40 60 80 100

60+

Percent of Population

Age (Years)

Males Females

White**

Black**

Mexican-American

18–39

40–59 

60+

100 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100

Percent of Population

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Awareness Treatment Control

1976–1980

1988–1991

1991–1994

1999–2004

2005-2008

1976–1980

1988–1991

1991–1994

1999–2004

2005–2008

 Awareness Treatment Control

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Percent of Hypertensive Population
50

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Hospitalization Rates for Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 Years and 65 Years and Older, U.S., 1971–2009

Prevalence of Asthma Episodes in Previous 12 Months by Age, U.S., 1997–2010

Source: NHDS, NCHS.

Source: NHIS, NCHS.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Year

<18 Years

18–34 Years

≥35 Years

Percent of Population

Ages <18 Years

Ages 18–34 Years

Ages ≥35 Years

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Year

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

0

50

100

150

200

250

19701971197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010

Year

Ages ≥65 Years

Ages 45–64 Years

Hospitalizations/10,000 Population

250

200

150

100

50

0

Ages ≥65 Years

Ages 45–64 Years

 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year
51

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2008

Amount (Dollars in Billions) Percent Distribution

Direct 

Cost*

Indirect 

Cost of 

Mortality** Total

Direct 

Cost

Indirect 

Cost of 

Mortality Total

Cardiovascular Diseases $179.3 $118.4 $297.7 15.6% 19.9% 17.1%

COPD, Asthma, Pneumonia 67.7 21.0 88.7 5.9 3.5 5.1

Anemias and Other Deficiencies 4.7 1.2 5.9 0.4 0.2 0.3

Subtotal 251.7 140.6 392.3 21.9 23.6 22.5

Neoplasms 77.4 124.0 201.5 6.7 20.9 11.5

Injury and Poisoning 77.7 101.6 179.3 6.8 17.1 10.3

Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic Diseases 102.3 22.6 124.9 8.9 3.8 7.2

Diseases of the Digestive System 84.2 28.6 112.8 7.3 4.8 6.5

Diseases of the Respiratory System† 78.5 27.4 105.9 6.8 4.6 6.1

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System 117.8 3.0 120.9 10.2 0.5 6.9

Diseases of the Nervous System 69.7 15.4 85.2 6.1 2.6 4.9

Mental Disorders 72.1 8.2 80.3 6.3 1.4 4.6

Diseases of the Genitourinary System 55.5 7.7 63.2 4.8 1.3 3.6

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 16.2 23.9 40.1 1.4 4.0 2.3

Normal Live Birth 34.6 — 34.6 3.0 — 2.0

Diseases of the Skin 24.2 0.7 24.9 2.1 0.1 1.4

Other and Not Linked to Specific Condition 155.8 111.8 267.7 13.6 18.8 15.3

Total $1,150.0 $594.8 $1,744.8 100% 100% 100%

* Direct costs are personal health care expenditures for hospital and professional services care, prescribed medications, and home care reported by the Medical 

Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), by diagnosis, excluding nursing home care costs and costs due to 

comorbidities. 

**The mortality cost for each disease group was estimated for 2008 by multiplying the number of deaths by age, sex, and cause of death in 2008 by the 2007 

present value of lifetime earnings (latest available) discounted at 3 percent and projected to 2008 based on a 2008 inflation factor measured from mean earnings 

reported by the U.S. Census Bureau. † Includes costs for COPD, asthma, and pneumonia. 

Note: Estimates are not available for total lung diseases and blood clotting disorders. 

Source: Prepared by NHLBI from direct costs on the MEPS Web site; numbers of deaths from Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS; present value of 

lifetime earnings from the Institute for Health and Aging, University of California; and mean earnings from the U.S. Census Bureau. 

 
52

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases

Diseases of Genitourinary System

Mental Disorders

Diseases of Nervous System

Diseases of Musculoskeletal System

Diseases of Digestive System

Diseases of Respiratory System

Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic Diseases

Injury and Poisoning

Neoplasms

Cardiovascular Diseases

Direct Cost

Mortality Cost

Cardiovascular Diseases

Neoplasms

Injury and Poisoning

Endocrine, Nutritional, and 

Metabolic Diseases

Diseases of Respiratory System

Diseases of Digestive System

Diseases of 

Musculoskeletal System

Diseases of Nervous System

Mental Disorders

Diseases of 

Genitourinary System

Infectious and 

Parasitic Diseases

Cost (Dollars in Billions)

Direct Cost

Indirect Cost of Mortality

 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Diagnostic Group

Total Economic Cost of the Leading Diagnostic Groups, U.S., 2008

Percent Distribution by Type of Service

Condition

Total Direct 

Cost 

(in Billions)

Hospital 

Outpatient or 

Office-Based 

Provider Visits

Hospital 

Inpatient 

Stays

Emergency 

Room Visits

Prescribed 

Medicines Home Health

Heart Disease $95.6 18.0% 56.5% 7.6% 10.2% 8.0%

COPD, Asthma 53.7 24.6 24.4 5.7 38.0 7.4

Hypertension 47.4 27.5 13.1 3.6 45.0 10.8

Hyperlipidemia 38.6 23.4 3.5 0.3 70.3 2.6

Stroke 18.8 9.5 48.3 4.9 6.2 31.0

Other Circulatory Conditions 17.6 26.6 59.3 5.1 4.1 4.9

Pneumonia 14.0 5.4 85.3 4.0 1.9 3.4

Anemias 4.7 22.8 67.9 0.7 4.2 4.4

Direct Economic Cost and Percent Distribution for Selected Conditions by Type of Service, 

U.S., 2008 

Source: MEPS, Household Component Summary Data Tables, AHRQ. 

Source: MEPS, AHRQ.
53

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

 5. Institute-Initiated Programs 

Starting in FY 2011

More than two-thirds of the research supported 

by the NHLBI is initiated by individual investigators; the remainder is initiated by the Institute. 

Institute-initiated programs are developed in 

response to evolving national needs, Congressional 

mandates, and advances in scientifi c knowledge. 

Each initiative represents the outcome of extensive 

discussions and thorough reviews by representatives 

of the scientifi c community, Institute advisory committees, the Board of Extramural Experts (BEE), 

and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory 

Council (NHLBAC). The advisory committees and 

the BEE, together with professional societies and 

NHLBI staff, continually review the progress of 

research within the NHLBI program areas, assess 

newly acquired knowledge, and identify research 

topics that offer the best opportunities or constitute 

the greatest needs. This planning process contributes to policy development at the national level by 

setting priorities among programs and establishing 

budgets for individual programs and projects. 

Initiatives generally emanate as Requests for 

Applications (RFAs) for grants, including cooperative 

agreements, or Requests for Proposals (RFPs) for 

contracts. Other initiatives take the form of Program 

Announcements (PAs) or Program Announcements 

with special receipt, referral, or review (PARs). 

Applications and proposals submitted in response to 

RFAs and RFPs compete among themselves for specifi c “set-aside” funds. Applications submitted in 

response to PAs or PARs generally compete with 

other investigator-initiated applications for funding. 

RFA, RFP, and PA concepts prepared by the 

Institute are presented to the BEE, which reviews 

and prioritizes them. The concepts, along with the 

comments from the BEE, are then sent to the 

NHLBAC for review, comment, and concurrence. 

Initiatives that receive the concurrence of the 

NHLBAC are considered further by the NHLBI 

Director in the context of the Institute’s budget, program priorities, review workload, and proposed 

mechanisms. These considerations guide the 

Director’s subsequent decisions to approve initiatives for release. RFAs, RFPs, PAs, and PARs are 

announced in the NIH Guide to Grants and 

Contracts. 

Applications and proposals submitted in response 

to RFAs and RFPs are reviewed by peer review panels convened by the NHLBI. Applications submitted in response to PAs and PARs are reviewed by the 

NIH Center for Scientifi c Review. 

Descriptions of new or competitively renewed 

Institute-initiated programs that began (i.e., were 

fi rst funded) in FY 2011 are presented below according to NHLBI scientifi c programs. Also described 

are trans-NIH and trans-PHS initiatives in which the 

NHLBI participates.

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 

Initiatives Being Renewed

Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes 

Follow-Up Study (ACCORDION)

The purpose of this renewal is to support a posttrial follow-up study after termination of trialassigned treatments in the ACCORD trial. The 

follow-up study will determine whether differences 

in mortality, CVD events, and microvascular diseases identifi ed during the trial persist or change 

over time, and whether other differences emerge.

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment 

To Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)—

Extension

The purpose of this extension is to enable the 

ALLHAT Coordinating Center to support continued 

scientifi c contributions based on extensive ALLHAT 

data and to expand collaborations with relevant scientifi c communities.

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)

The purpose of this renewal is to continue followup of the ARIC cohort and community surveillance 

for the study of CHD, stroke, and heart failure. 
54

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS): Core Support

The purpose of this renewal is to extend support for 

the CHS infrastructure to facilitate continued access to 

study resources and expertise by investigators who are 

new to the CHS; promote scientifi c productivity, collaboration, and mentorship of junior investigators; provide 

analytic support to existing CHS working groups; and 

assist in the establishment of a new health services 

research working group. 

New Approaches to Arrhythmia Detection and 

Treatment

The purpose of this renewal is to improve the ability 

to detect, prevent, and treat all forms of cardiac arrhythmias. This initiative encourages small businesses to 

develop improved diagnostic and therapeutic tools or 

devices for cardiac arrhythmia monitoring, detection, 

and treatment.

Pediatric Heart Network 

The purpose of this renewal is to evaluate, through 

multicenter clinical research, therapeutic and management strategies for children and adults with congenital 

heart defects and for children with infl ammatory heart 

disease, heart muscle disease, and arrhythmias.

Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) 

The purpose of this renewal is to enhance the study’s 

ability to investigate outcomes in subgroups and fi nd 

rarer outcomes; determine long-term effects of clinical 

trial interventions; maintain and enhance the central 

database, data analysis capabilities, and biorepository; 

and conduct research on aging in older women. 

New Initiatives

Clinical Research Career Development Programs in 

Emergency Medicine Research 

The purpose of this RFA is to develop multidisciplinary clinical research training programs in emergency 

medicine that prepare physician-scientists for academic 

leadership roles and independent research careers in 

emergency medicine. 

Phenotype Finder in Data Resources (PFINDR): A 

Tool To Support Cross-Study Data Discovery Among 

NHLBI Genomic Studies 

The purpose of this RFA is to develop and apply 

advanced informatics approaches to categorize phenotypic measures in multiple datasets in data repositories 

to help researchers identify potentially relevant genomic 

studies across cardiovascular, lung, blood, and sleep 

research domains.

Lung Diseases Program

Initiatives Being Renewed 

Lung Tissue Research Consortium

The purpose of this renewal is to continue support for 

the Consortium to collect, process, and distribute lung tissue and associated clinical data for research that focuses 

primarily on COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fi brosis.

Severe Asthma Research Program

The purpose of renewing this RFA is to understand 

the evolution of severe asthma by defi ning it at the 

molecular and cellular levels longitudinally. Research 

fi ndings will serve as a basis for designing mechanismbased diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment strategies for 

severe asthma in children and adults. 

New Initiatives 

Centers for Advanced Diagnostics and Experimental 

Therapeutics in Lung Diseases (CADET) Stage I 

The purpose of this RFA is to develop agents for diagnosing and treating lung diseases and sleep-disordered 

breathing through the use of strategies based on fundamental pathobiologic processes. 

Common Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Lung Cancer 

and COPD 

The purpose of this RFA is to investigate common 

pathogenetic mechanisms of lung cancer and COPD. 

Scientists will study genotypic and phenotypic characteristics that determine individual susceptibility and 

shared biochemical, molecular, and immunological pathways that are involved in the origin and progression of 

both diseases. 

Translational Programs in Lung Diseases

The purpose of this PAR is to support collaborative, 

translational research that will move mechanistic research 

to clinical applications to improve prevention, diagnosis, 

and treatment of lung diseases and sleep disorders. 

Utilization of a Human Lung Tissue Resource for 

Vascular Research

The purpose of this RFA is to advance translational 

efforts in lung vascular disease. Investigators will use 
55

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

human biospecimens collected by the Pulmonary 

Hypertension Breakthrough Initiative to determine the 

pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Initiative Being Renewed 

Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation 

Study-III (REDS-III)

The purpose of this renewal is to build on and extend 

the fi ndings of the original REDS and REDS-II programs 

and address new research areas, including determining 

safe, effective blood banking and transfusion medicine 

practices through a comprehensive, multi-targeted strategy involving basic, translational, and clinical research 

to improve the benefi ts of transfusion while reducing its 

risks. 

New Initiatives

Innovators in Hemoglobinopathies Care Career 

Development Award

The purpose of this RFA is to advance the research 

career development of physician-scientists in SCD and 

thalassemia. Individuals will address important questions about patient management and translate research 

results into practice through the use of multidisciplinary 

teams. 

Planning Grants for Pivotal Clinical Trials in 

Hemoglobinopathies 

The purpose of this RFA is to support pilot studies to 

obtain data that are critical for the design of robust clinical trials in the hemoglobinopathies, SCD, and 

thalassemias.

Selected Topics in Transfusion Medicine

The purpose of this PAR is to study topics aimed at 

improving the safety and availability of the blood supply 

and the practice of transfusion medicine. 

Trans-NHLBI

Initiatives Being Renewed

Ancillary Studies in Clinical Trials

The purpose of this renewal is to support time-sensitive 

ancillary studies related to heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders in conjunction with ongoing NIH- and 

non-NIH-supported clinical trials.

Investigator-Initiated Multisite Clinical Trials

The purpose of this renewal is to support investigatorinitiated, multisite, Phase II and Phase III randomized 

controlled clinical trials in areas relevant to the mission 

of the NHLBI.

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen 

Repository

The purpose of this renewal is to continue support for 

the repository of biologic specimens from NHLBIsponsored epidemiological and clinical studies. Under 

the direction of the NHLBI, the repository makes specimens available to the scientifi c community for use in 

research related to the NHLBI’s mission. 

Research Dissemination and Implementation Grants

The purpose of this renewal is to develop and test 

strategies to accelerate the adoption and integration of 

effi cacious or guideline-based treatments and effective 

prevention modalities for heart, lung, and blood diseases and 

sleep disorders in clinical, community, and other settings.

New Initiatives

Cross Organ Mechanism-Associated Phenotypes for 

Genetic Analyses of Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep 

Diseases (MAPGen for HLBS)

The purpose of this RFA is to identify and characterize common pathobiologic traits and mechanisms that 

cross organ systems and diseases with the goal of redefi ning heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders 

based on the fi ndings. 

MAPGen Knowledge Base and Coordination Center

The purpose of this RFA is to develop and implement 

a knowledge base and Coordinating Center for the 

MAPGen for HLBS (above). 

Next Generation Genetic Association Studies

The purpose of this RFA is to build on existing 

genomic study fi ndings with functional information 

gained by assessing cellular profi les that are surrogates 

for disease phenotypes. 

NHLBI Clinical Trial Pilot Studies 

The purpose of this PAR is to support pilot studies to 

fi ll gaps in scientifi c knowledge necessary to develop a 

competitive full-scale clinical trial to evaluate interventions for the treatment and prevention of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders. 
56

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

NHLBI Research Centers at Minority-Serving 

Institutions

The purpose of this RFA is to support minority-serving 

institutions in strengthening scientifi c faculty; augment 

predoctoral and postdoctoral science education and 

research training; and improve research infrastructure, 

capabilities, and resources in biomedical and behavioral 

research related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and 

sleep disorders. 

Programs of Excellence in Glycosciences

The purpose of this RFA is to translate emerging discoveries in glycosciences into diagnostics and clinical 

applications and to build research capacity in glycosciences relevant to heart, lung, and blood diseases. 

Science Moving TowArds Research Translation and 

Therapy Program (SMARTT)

The purpose of this RFP is to assist investigators with 

the processes needed to translate discoveries in the laboratory into potential new therapies for heart, lung, and 

blood diseases. The Program will provide manufacturing 

of synthetic, natural, or biologic products; pharmacology 

and toxicology testing; preclinical and early phase clinical study design support; and regulatory expertise.

Trans-NIH

Initiatives Being Renewed

Academic Research Enhancement Award (AREA)

The purpose of this renewal is to stimulate support for 

biomedical, behavioral, or clinical research in educational institutions that provide baccalaureate or 

advanced degrees for a signifi cant number of the 

Nation’s research scientists, but that have not been 

major recipients of NIH support. 

Advancing Novel Science in Women’s Health Research

The purpose of this renewal is to support research that 

will advance new concepts in women’s health and the 

study of sex differences.

Bioengineering Research Grants

The purpose of this renewal is to support basic and 

applied multidisciplinary research that addresses biological, bioengineering, or medical research problems. This 

initiative differs from Bioengineering Research 

Partnerships (below) in that the research will be performed in a single laboratory by a single investigator or 

by a small group of investigators.

Bioengineering Research Partnerships

The purpose of this renewal is to support basic, 

applied, and translational multidisciplinary research that 

addresses biological, bioengineering, or medical research 

problems. A partnership of multidisciplinary teams will 

apply an integrative, systems approach to develop knowledge or methods to prevent, detect, diagnose, or treat disease or to understand health and behavior.

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network 

 The purpose of this renewal is to evaluate innovative 

treatment approaches and management strategies for 

children and adults who are undergoing hematopoietic 

stem cell transplantation. The focus of the initiative is to 

support multicenter Phase II and Phase III studies that 

provide information to improve hematopoietic stem cell 

transplantation therapy.

Diet Composition and Energy Balance

The purpose of this renewal is to investigate the role 

of diet composition in energy balance. Scientists are 

seeking to understand the impact of micro- or macronutrient composition on appetite, metabolism, and energy 

expenditure and to determine the effi cacy of diets that 

differ in micro- or macronutrient composition, absorption, dietary variety, or energy density on weight loss 

and weight maintenance.

Dissemination and Implementation Research in 

Health

The purpose of this renewal is to support innovative 

approaches to overcoming barriers to adopting and integrating evidence-based interventions and guidelines that 

previous research has shown to be effective but where 

implementation has been limited or signifi cantly delayed.

Exploratory Collaborations With National Centers for 

Biomedical Computing

The purpose of this renewal is to support investigators who are collaborating with NIH Roadmap National 

Centers for Biomedical Computing to engage in exploratory biomedical informatics and computational biology 

research.

Exploratory Innovations in Biomedical Computational 

Science and Technology

The purpose of this renewal is to promote research and 

development in biomedical informatics and computational 
57

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

biology that will support rapid progress in areas of scientifi c opportunity in biomedical research.

Innovations in Biomedical Computational Science and 

Technology Initiative

The purpose of this renewal is to solicit STTR grant 

applications that propose innovative research in biomedical informatics and computational biology to promote 

the progress of biomedical research.

Methodology and Measurement in the Behavioral and 

Social Sciences

The purpose of this renewal is to improve the quality 

of data collected in the behavioral and social sciences 

relevant to the mission of the participating NIH 

Institutes. 

Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers Consortium

The purpose of this renewal is to provide the scientifi c community with standardized, high-quality metabolic and physiologic phenotyping services for mouse 

models of diabetes, diabetic complications, obesity, and 

related disorders.

Understanding and Promoting Health Literacy

The purpose of this renewal is to encourage research 

on health literacy concepts, theory, and interventions as 

they pertain to prevention, healthy living, chronic disease management, patient-based health care, cultural 

competence, and health disparities. Researchers will 

seek to develop health literacy assessment methods, 

measure association between health literacy and chronic 

illness, and evaluate health literacy interventions that are 

designed to improve health outcomes in heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and enhance understanding and use of 

genetic information in risk discussion.

New Initiatives

Biophysical and Biomechanical Aspects of Embryonic 

Development

The purpose of this PAR is to encourage innovative 

and high risk/impact research in the area of physics/

mechanics of embryonic development in model organisms. The focus of the initiative is to promote research 

that will generate information about tissue mechanics 

relevant to vertebrate development and will improve the 

understanding of the basis for developmental disorders.

Deepwater Horizon Disaster Research Consortia

The purpose of this RFA is to investigate health outcomes from exposure to the Deepwater Horizon disaster, including (a) identifying those at greatest risk for 

adverse physical, mental, and behavioral effects as a 

consequence of the disaster and other stressors encountered by residents and (b) developing community-based 

approaches to respond to it and future disasters.

Development of Multifunctional Drug and Gene 

Delivery Systems 

The purpose of this PAR is to develop multifunctional 

drug and gene delivery systems that can target therapies 

to particular cells and intracellular compartments, monitor delivery, and determine therapeutic effi cacy through 

integration of advanced imaging or sensing technologies 

into the delivery system.

Knockout Mouse Phenotyping Program (KOMP2)

The purpose of this RFA is to support a systematic 

program to generate live mice from embryonic cells that 

contain individual, single-gene deletion of known and 

predicted protein-encoding genes in the mouse genome, 

which was successfully generated by the Knockout 

Mouse Project (KOMP) in collaboration with the 

International Knockout Mouse Consortium. 

Lifestyle Interventions in Overweight and Obese 

Pregnant Women Consortium

The purpose of this RFA is to evaluate lifestyle interventions in overweight and obese pregnant women that 

are designed to improve weight and metabolic outcomes 

in both the pregnant women and their offspring. 

New Strategies for Growing 3D Tissues

The purpose of this RFA is to understand how cells 

respond to their environment and develop assays and 

methods to understand how angiogenesis and organogenesis may instruct the creation of 3D-engineered cellular aggregates. 

Safe and Effective Instruments and Devices for Use in 

the Neonatal Intensive Care Units

The purpose of this SBIR/STTR is to develop or 

improve safe and effective instruments for monitoring 

and treating newborn and small children. 
58

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

Sleep and Social Environment: Basic Biopsychosocial 

Processes 

The purpose of this RFA is to investigate the reciprocal interactions of the processes of sleep and circadian 

regulation and function with behavioral and social environment processes.

Social Network Analysis and Health 

The purpose of this PAR is to advance and expand the 

utility of social network analysis and methods in studies 

of health and disease. The goal is to encourage basic 

research that can lead to new applications of social network methods and theory related to improving human 

health. 

Trans-PHS

New Initiatives

Community-Based Partnerships for Childhood Obesity 

Prevention and Control Research

The purpose of this PA is to stimulate childhood obesity research through community-based partnerships that 

include local, state, and regional teams of researchers, 

policymakers, and other relevant participants—such as 

community representatives, public health practitioners, 

and educators. 

Obesity Policy Research: Evaluation and Measures

The purpose of this PA is to conduct evaluation 

research on obesity-related “natural experiments” 

(i.e., community and other population-level public policy interventions that may affect diet and physical activity behavior) and develop and validate relevant 

community-level measures (i.e., instruments and methodologies to assess the food and physical activity 

environments).
 59 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

 Structure

 Chair: Susan B. Shurin, M.D., Acting Director, 

NHLBI

 Executive Secretary: Stephen C. Mockrin, 

Ph.D., Director, Division of Extramural Research 

Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, 

Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0260 

 The Secretary of HHS appoints 18 members: 

12 members are leading representatives of the health 

and scientific disciplines (including public health 

and behavioral or social sciences), and 6 are from 

the general public and are leaders in the fields of 

public policy, law, health policy, economics, and 

management. 

 Members are appointed for overlapping terms of 

4 years. 

 The Council includes the following ex officio 

members: 

 • Secretary, HHS 

 • Director, NIH 

 • Director, NHLBI 

 • Chief Medical Director, Veterans Affairs, or 

Designee 

 • Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health 

Affairs, or Designee

• Designee, Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention 

Functions

The NHLBAC reviews applications for research 

grants, cooperative agreements, and training grants 

in heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; 

sleep disorders; and blood resources, and recommends scientific projects that merit support to the 

Director, NHLBI. 

 The Council advises the Secretary, HHS; the 

Assistant Secretary for Health, HHS; and the 

Directors, NIH and NHLBI on matters relating 

to causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of 

diseases and resources within the purview of the 

Institute. The Council also may review any grant, 

contract, or cooperative agreement proposed to be 

made or entered into by the Institute; may make 

recommendations to the Director of the Institute 

respecting research conducted at the Institute; may 

collect, by correspondence or by personal investigation, information as to studies that are being carried 

on in the United States or any other country with 

respect to the cause, prevention, diagnosis, and 

treatment of heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood 

diseases, and to the use of blood and blood products and the management of blood resources and, 

with the approval of the Director of the Institute, 

make available such information through appropriate publications for the benefit of public and private 

health entities and health professions personnel and 

scientists and for the information of the general 

public; and may assemble ad hoc working groups, 

appoint subcommittees, and convene workshops and 

conferences.

 The Council may also make recommendations 

to the Director, NIH and other authorized officials 

regarding the acceptance of conditional gifts pursuant to section 231 of the Public Health Service Act, 

as amended. 

 Meetings 

 The Chair convenes meetings not fewer than four 

times a year and approves the agenda. 

 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council 
 60 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

 Susan B. Shurin, M.D. 

 Chair 

 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

 Jonathan R. Alger, J.D. (2014)

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

 C. Noel Bairey Merz, M.D. (2011)

 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Coletta C. Barrett, R.N. (2014)

Mission for Our Lady of the Lake Regional 

Medical Center

Ivor J. Benjamin, M.D. (2014)

University of Utah School of Medicine

 Ingrid B. Borecki, Ph.D. (2012)

 Washington University in St. Louis

 Barry S. Coller, M.D. (2012)

 The Rockefeller University

 Jack A. Elias, M.D. (2012)

 Yale University School of Medicine

 Gary H. Gibbons, M.D. (2013)

Morehouse School of Medicine

Beverly W. Hogan (2012)

Tougaloo College

Lanetta B. Jordan, M.D. (2013)

Memorial Healthcare System

Talmadge E. King, M.D. (2013)

University of California, San Francisco

 Naomi L.C. Luban, M.D. (2014)

The George Washington University School of Medicine

Andrew R. Marks, M.D. (2011)

 Columbia University

 Michael S. Parmacek, M.D. (2012)

 University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

 Polly E. Parsons, M.D. (2014)

University of Vermont

 Marlene Rabinovitch, M.D. (2011)

 Stanford University

 Leslee J. Shaw, Ph.D. (2013)

Emory University

Gilbert C. White II, M.D. (2014)

Blood Center of Wisconsin

 Ex Offi cio Members

 Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.

 National Institutes of Health

 Robert L. Jesse, M.D., Ph.D.

 Veterans Health Administration

 Kathleen Sebelius, M.P.A.

 Department of Health and Human Services

 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council Membership* 

 * Current as of October 2011. The current roster, containing full addresses for the NHLBI Advisory Council and Committees, can be obtained 

from the Internet at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/nhlbac/roster.htm. 
 61 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

 Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee 

 Chair: Edward J. Benz, M.D., Dana-Farber Cancer 

Institute

 Executive Secretary: W. Keith Hoots, M.D., 

Director, Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, 

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 

20892; 301–435–0080 

 The Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee advises 

the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the DBDR on 

matters related to planning, executing, conducting, supporting, and evaluating research in SCD. 

 Membership* 

Thomas D. Coates, M.D. (2013)

University of Southern California

Elaine K. Gallin, Ph.D. (2012)

Doris Duke Charitable Foundation

Nigel S. Key, M.D. (2013)

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Roberto F. Machado, M.D. (2012)

University of Illinois, Chicago

 Punam Malik, M.D. (2012)

 Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center

 Leslie V. Parise, Ph.D. (2012)

University of North Carolina

 Ex Offi cio Members 

Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.

National Institutes of Health

 William Hannon, Ph.D.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

 Marie Y. Mann, M.D. 

 Health Resources and Services Administration

 David E. McCune, M.D.

 Madigan Army Medical Center 

 Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board 

 Chair: Michael V. Vitiello, Ph.D., University of 

Washington

 Executive Secretary: Michael J. Twery, Ph.D., 

Director, National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, 

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 

20892; 301–435–0202

 The Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board 

advises the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the 

NCSDR on matters related to planning, executing, conducting, supporting, and evaluating research in sleep 

disorders. 

 Membership* 

 Mercedes R. Carnethon, Ph.D., M.P.H. (2013)

Northwestern University

Ronald D. Chervin, M.D. (2012)

University of Michigan

 Leszek K. Kubin, Ph.D. (2014)

University of Pennsylvania

Sairam Parthasarathy, M.D. (2014)

University of Arizona

R. Daniel Rudic, Ph.D. (2012)

Medical College of Georgia

Catherine Vena, Ph.D., R.N. (2013)

Emory University

Gagandeep Walia, M.B.A. (2013)

Visa, Inc.

 Ex Offi cio Members 

 Thomas J. Balkin, Ph.D.

 Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

 Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.

 National Institutes of Health

 Robert W. Greene, M.D., Ph.D.

 Veterans Administration, North Texas Medical Center 

 * Current as of October 2011. 

 Program Advisory and Review Committee 
 62 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

 Rosalind King, Ph.D.

NICHD, National Institutes of Health

Miroslav Mackiewicz, Ph.D.

NIA, National Institutes of Health

Merrill M. Mitler, Ph.D.

 NINDS, National Institutes of Health

 Michael J. Twery, Ph.D.

 NHLBI, National Institutes of Health

 Aleksandra Vicentric, Ph.D.

 NIMH, National Institutes of Health

 Heart, Lung, and Blood Initial Review Group 

 Scientific Review Officer: Jeffery H. Hurst, Ph.D., 

Scientific Review Officer, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0303 

 The Heart, Lung, and Blood Initial Review Group 

provides initial technical merit review for the NHLBAC 

and the Director, NHLBI. This group consists of three 

subcommittees: the Heart, Lung, and Blood Program 

Project Review Committee; the Clinical Trials Review 

Committee; and the NHLBI Institutional Training 

Mechanism Review Committee. 

 Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project 

Review Committee 

 Chair: David J. Pinsky, M.D., University of 

Michigan

 Scientific Review Officer: Jeffery H. Hurst, Ph.D., 

Scientific Review Officer, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0303 

 The Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review 

Committee provides initial technical merit review for 

the NHLBAC and the Director, NHLBI on program 

project applications proposing research in the areas of 

heart, lung, and blood diseases and resources. 

 Membership* 

 David Atkinson, Ph.D. (2012)

 Boston University School of Medicine

 Peter M. Buttrick, M.D. (2014)

University of Colorado

 Jennifer L. Hall, Ph.D. (2015)

University of Minnesota

Thomas H. Hintze, Ph.D. (2014)

New York Medical College

Pedro A. Jose, M.D., Ph.D. (2015)

Children’s National Medical Center

Jay K. Kolls, M.D. (2014)

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Monica Kraft, M.D. (2014)

Duke University Medical Center

Lucy Liaw, Ph.D. (2014)

Maine Medical Center Research Institute

 Nigel Mackman, Ph.D. (2013)

 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

 Catherine S. Manno, M.D. (2013)

 New York University School of Medicine

 Fernando D. Martinez, M.D. (2013)

 University of Arizona

 Christine S. Moravec, Ph.D. (2012)

 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

 Nanduri R. Prabhakar, Ph.D., D.Sc. (2012)

 University of Chicago

 Frank C. Sciurba, M.D. (2013)

 University of Pittsburgh

 Nancy S. Speck, Ph.D. (2013)

 University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

 James C. Zimring, M.D., Ph.D. (2015)

Emory University School of Medicine

 * Current as of October 2011. 
 63 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

 Clinical Trials Review Committee 

 Chair: Julio A. Panza, M.D., Washington Hospital 

Center

 Scientific Review Officer: Keary A. Cope, Ph.D., 

Scientific Review Officer, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–2222 

 The Clinical Trials Review Committee provides initial technical merit review for the NHLBAC and the 

Director of the NHLBI on clinical trial applications for 

the support of studies to evaluate preventive or therapeutic measures of blood, cardiovascular, and lung diseases. 

 Membership* 

 Roberta A. Ballard, M.D. (2014)

University of California, San Francisco

Bruce A. Barton, Ph.D. (2014)

University of Massachusetts Medical School

 Jeffrey L. Carson, M.D. (2014)

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey

Mina K. Chung, M.D. (2014)

Case Western Reserve University

Gerard J. Criner, M.D. (2014)

Temple University School of Medicine

 Karen L. Margolis, M.D. (2012)

 Health Partners Research Foundation

 Lori J. Mosca, M.D., Ph.D. (2013)

 Columbia University Medical Center

 Steven Piantadosi, M.D., Ph.D. (2013)

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Arshed A. Quyyumi, M.D. (2013)

 Emory University School of Medicine

 Gary E. Raskob, Ph.D. (2015)

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center 

Margaret M. Redfield, M.D. (2013)

 Mayo Clinic

Madeline M. Rice, Ph.D. (2013)

The George Washington University

 Amy D. Shapiro, M.D. (2012)

 Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Inc.

 Stanley J. Szefler, M.D. (2012)

 National Jewish Health

Barbara C. Tilley, Ph.D. (2015)

University of Texas

O. Dale Williams, Ph.D. (2015)

Florida International University

 NHLBI Institutional Training Mechanism 

Review Committee

 Chair: William C. Balke, M.D., University of 

California, San Francisco

 Scientific Review Officer: Charles Joyce, Ph.D., 

Scientific Review Officer, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0291

 The NHLBI Institutional Training Mechanism 

Review Committee provides initial technical merit 

review for the NHLBAC and the Director of the NHLBI 

on training applications that provide predoctoral, postdoctoral, and short-term research training at academic 

institutions.

Membership*

 Ifeanyi J. Arinze, Ph.D. (2012)

 Meharry Medical College

Jennifer K. Barton, Ph.D. (2015)

University of Arizona

Neil Blumberg, M.D. (2015)

University of Rochester

 Meredith Bond, Ph.D. (2013)

 University of Maryland School of Medicine

 Kathleen B. Brosnihan, Ph.D. (2015)

Wake Forest University

Linda J. Burns, M.D. (2013)

 University of Minnesota

 * Current as of October 2011. 
 64 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

 David M. Center, M.D. (2013)

 Boston University School of Medicine

 Mark W. Geraci, M.D. (2015)

University of Colorado 

David M. Guidot, M.D. (2015)

Emory University

Gerardo Heiss, M.D., Ph.D. (2014)

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

 Kirk U. Knowlton, M.D. (2013)

 University of California, San Diego

Robert J. Levy, M.D. (2014)

The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

 Alice H. Lichtenstein, D.Sc. (2013)

 Tufts University

 Russell V. Luepker, M.D. (2012)

 University of Minnesota

 Jonathan C. Makielski, M.D. (2012)

 University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics

William H. Pearce, M.D. (2014)

Northwestern University

Michael I. Phillips, Ph.D., D.Sc. (2014)

Keck Graduate Institute

 Josef T. Prchal, M.D. (2012)

 University of Utah

 Robin Shandas, Ph.D. (2012)

 University of Colorado Health Sciences Center

 Kingman P. Strohl, M.D. (2015)

University Hospitals of Cleveland

Mary I. Townsley, Ph.D. (2012)

 University of South Alabama

Carolyn F. Whitsett, M.D. (2015)

Kings County Hospital 

Jo Rae Wright, Ph.D. (2014)

Duke University

 * Current as of October 2011. 

 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Special Emphasis Panel 

 The Institute established the NHLBI Special 

Emphasis Panel (SEP) to carry out the initial peer 

review of applications and proposals that were previously handled by ad hoc committees. Concept review, 

previously handled by divisional program advisory committees, has also been incorporated into the SEP system. 

The SEP, which has neither a fixed membership nor a set 

meeting schedule, is constituted to provide required peer 

review expertise at precisely the time that it is needed. 

 Board of Scientifi c Counselors 

 Chair: Michael I. Kotlikoff, V.M.D., Ph.D., 

Cornell University

 Executive Secretary: Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D., 

Director, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–496–2116 

 The Board of Scientific Counselors advises the 

Director and the Deputy Director for Intramural 

Research, NIH, and the Directors of NHLBI and the 

Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, on the 

intramural research programs of the NHLBI. 

 Membership* 

 Grover C. Bagby, M.D. (2015)

Oregon Health Sciences University

 Kenneth R. Chien, M.D., Ph.D. (2012)

 Massachusetts General Hospital

 Serpil C. Erzurum, M.D. (2015)

The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

James F. Greenleaf, Ph.D. (2015)

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

 Aldons J. Lusis, Ph.D. (2013)

 University of California, Los Angeles

 David J. Sahn, M.D. (2014)

Oregon Health and Science University

Douglas C. Wallace, Ph.D. (2014)

University of California, Irvine
NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

65

 NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program 

 Research

Management

Support

4.0% 

 Cardiovascular

Sciences

56.6% 

 Cardiovascular

Sciences

63.0% 

 Lung

Diseases

23.1% 

 Blood 

Diseases

and Resources

13.9% 

 7. Fiscal Year 2011 Budget Overview 

 NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2011

Funding Mechanism 

 Obligated Dollars*

(Thousands) 

 Percent of Total 

NHLBI Budget 

 Research Project Grants** $2,079,920 67.8%

 SCCORs and P50 Centers 34,365 1.5

 Sickle Cell Centers 5,901 0.2

 Centers for AIDS Research 3,334 0.1

Other Research Centers Grants 12,331 0.4

 Other Research Grants 152,772 5.0

 Research Careers Programs† 79,090 2.6

 Training Programs 97,998 3.2

 Research and Development Contracts 368,291 12.0

 Intramural Laboratory and Clinical Research 192,083 6.1

 Research Management and Support‡ 122,554 4.0

Total Obligations $3,069,549 100.0%

 * Excludes funds provided by other Agencies by means of a reimbursable agreement.

 ** Includes $74,935 for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants/Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Grants.

 † Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

 ‡ Excludes OD and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts. 

 For detailed data on FY 2011:

 • Research grants, see Chapters 9 and 11.

 • Research and development contracts, see Chapters 10 and 11.

 • Research training and career development, see Chapter 13.

 • Geographic distribution of awards, see Chapter 14. 

 Lung

Diseases

20.7% Blood 

Diseases

and Resources

12.5% 

 Intramural

Laboratory and

Clinical Research

6.3% 

ch

ment

rt

S

 L

Dis

amural

atory and

Cardio

Scie

63

Lung

od

ases
NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

66

 NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2011

 Program Obligated Dollars (Thousands) Percent of NHLBI Extramural Budget 

Cardiov ascular Sciences $1,736,223 63.0%

 Lung Diseases 635,493 23.1

 Blood Diseases and Resources 383,196 13.9

 Total, Extramural Obligations $2,754,912 100%

 NHLBI Cardiovascular Sciences Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2011

 Funding Mechanism Obligated Dollars (Thousands) Percent of Program Budget 

 Research Project Grants $1,281,756 73.8%

 SCCOR and P50 Centers 11,928 0.7

Other Research Centers Grants 12,180 0.7

 Other Research Grants 73,283 4.2

 Research Career Programs* 39,949 2.3

 Training Programs 57,876 3.3

 Research and Development Contracts 299,200 17.2

 Total, Cardiovascular Sciences $1,736,223 100%

 NHLBI Lung Diseases Program

 Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2011

 Funding Mechanism Obligated Dollars (Thousands) Percent of Program Budget 

 Research Project Grants $504,070 79.3%

 SCCORs and P50 Centers 22,437 3.5

Other Research Centers Grants 151 0.0

 Other Research Grants 57,606 9.1

 Research Career Programs* 25,844 4.1

 Training Programs 25,891 4.1

 Research and Development Contracts 25,338 4.0

 Total, Lung Diseases $635,493 100%

 NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2011

 Funding Mechanism Obligated Dollars (Thousands) Percent of Program Budget 

 Research Project Grants $294,094 76.7%

 Sickle Cell Centers 5,901 1.5

 Centers for AIDS Research 3,334 0.9

 Other Research Grants 21,884 5.7

 Research Career Programs* 13,297 3.5

 Training Programs 14,231 3.7

 Research and Development Contracts 43,752 11.4

 Total, Blood Diseases and Resources $383,196 100%

 * Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.
67

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

 8. Long-Term Trends 

 A TQ=Transition Quarter, July 1–September 30, 1976. 

 Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2011

 Dollars (Thousands) 

 Fiscal 

Year 

 Budget Estimate

to Congress 

 House 

Allowance 

 Senate 

Allowance Appropriation Obligations 

 Cumulative Fiscal 

Year Obligations 

 1950 $ 34,630 $ 11,575 $ 29,117 $ 16,075 $ 15,768 $ 15,768 

 1951 8,800 8,800 9,400 9,400 8,497 24,265 

 1952 10,237 10,074 10,156 10,083 9,850 34,115 

 1953 9,779 9,623 12,000 12,000 11,398 45,513 

 1954 11,040 12,000 15,418 15,168 14,952 60,465 

 1955 14,570 16,168 17,168 16,668 16,595 77,060 

 1956 17,454 17,398 23,976 18,808 18,838 95,898 

 1957 22,106 25,106 33,396 33,396 32,392 128,290 

 1958 33,436 33,436 38,784 35,936 35,973 164,263 

 1959 34,820 36,212 49,529 45,613 45,468 209,731 

 1960 45,594 52,744 89,500 62,237 61,565 271,296 

 1961 63,162 71,762 125,166 86,900 86,239 357,535 

 1962 97,073 105,723 160,000 132,912 110,849 468,384 

 1963 126,898 143,398 149,498 147,398 120,597 588,981 

 1964 130,108 129,325 130,545 132,404 117,551 706,532 

 1965 125,640 124,521 125,171 124,824 124,412 830,944 

 1966 141,412 146,212 143,462 141,462 141,171 972,115 

 1967 148,407 154,770 164,770 164,770 164,342 1,136,457 

 1968 167,954 167,954 177,954 167,954 162,134 1,298,591 

 1969 169,735 164,120 172,120 166,928 161,834 1,460,425 

 1970 160,513 160,513 182,000 171,257 160,433 1,620,858 

 1971 171,747 178,479 203,479 194,901 194,826 1,815,684 

 1972 195,492 211,624 252,590 232,627 232,577 2,048,261 

 1973 255,280 300,000 350,000 300,000 255,722 2,303,983 

 1974 265,000 281,415 320,000 302,915 327,270 2,631,253 

 1975 309,299 321,196 330,000 327,996 327,953 2,959,206 

 1976 324,934 329,079 379,059 370,096 368,648 3,327,854 

 TQA 59,715 58,015 58,015 58,763 60,639 3,388,493 

 1977 342,855 380,661 420,661 396,661 396,857 3,785,350 

 1978 403,642 432,642 456,000 447,901 447,968 4,233,318 

 1979 454,336 485,584 485,584 510,134 510,080 4,743,398 

 1980 507,344 527,544 527,544 527,544 527,248 5,270,646 

 1981 532,799 560,264 565,264 549,693 550,072 5,820,718 

 1982 579,602 583,831 587,741 559,637 559,800 6,380,518 

 1983 577,143 620,947 624,542 624,259 624,260 7,004,778 

 1984 639,774 665,859 683,489 704,939 705,064 7,709,842 

 1985 718,852 764,135 807,149 805,269 803,810 8,513,652 

 1986 775,254 856,388 863,652 859,239 821,901 9,335,553 

 1987 785,697 921,410 921,502 930,001 929,982 10,265,535 

 1988 821,887 990,808 1,000,349 965,536 965,283 11,230,818 

 1989 1,054,503 1,018,983 1,056,003 1,045,985 1,045,508 12,276,326 

 1990 1,039,846 1,090,930 1,091,597 1,072,354 1,070,683 13,347,009 
68

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

 Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2011 (Continued)

 Dollars (Thousands) 

 Fiscal 

Year 

 Budget Estimate

to Congress 

 House 

Allowance 

 Senate 

Allowance Appropriation Obligations 

 Cumulative Fiscal 

Year Obligations 

 1991 1,112,502 1,135,589 1,137,235 1,126,942 1,125,915 14,472,924 

 1992 1,209,924 1,202,398 1,190,396 1,191,500 1,190,070 15,662,994 

 1993 1,245,396 1,228,455 1,228,455 1,214,693 1,214,693 16,877,687 

 1994 1,198,402 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,852 18,155,539 

 1995 1,266,961 1,259,590 1,259,590 1,258,472 1,314,969 19,470,508 

 1996 1,337,021 1,355,866 1,320,254B 1,355,866 1,351,422C 20,821,930 

 1997 1,320,555D 1,438,265 1,344,742D 1,432,529E 1,431,821 22,253,751 

 1998 1,467,189 1,513,004 1,531,898 1,531,061F 1,526,276 23,780,027 

 1999 1,709,328G 1,720,344 1,793,697 1,793,697F 1,788,008 25,568,035 

 2000 1,759,806 1,937,404 2,001,185 2,040,291F 2,027,286 27,595,321 

 2001 2,069,582 2,328,102 2,328,105 2,299,866H 2,298,035 29,893,356 

 2002 2,567,429 2,547,675 2,618,966 2,576,125I 2,569,794 32,463,150 

 2003 2,791,411 2,812,011 2,818,684 2,812,011J 2,793,681 35,256,831 

 2004 2,867,995 2,867,995 2,897,595 2,882,715K 2,882,601 38,139,432 

 2005 2,963,953 2,963,953 2,985,900 2,965,453 2,922,573L 41,062,005 

 2006 2,951,270 2,951,270 3,023,381 2,951,270J 2,893,527 43,955,532 

2007 2,901,012 2,901,012 2,924,299 2,921,757 2,922,322L 46,877,854 

2008 2,894,341 2,965,775 2,992,197 2,974,900E 2,937,333 49,815,187

 2009 2,924,942 3,025,500 3,006,344 3,015,689 3,014,552 52,829,739

2010 3,050,356 3,123,403 3,066,827 3,096,916 3,093,501 55,923,240

2011 3,187,516 —M 3,182,524 3,069,723 3,069,550 58,992,790

 B Senate Allowance refl ects the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission 

and the HHS rescission.

 C Obligations refl ect the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission, the 

HHS rescission, and a transfer to other NIH Institutes through the NIH Director’s 

1 percent transfer authority.

 D Excludes funds for AIDS research activities consolidated in the NIH Offi ce of 

AIDS Research (OAR).

 E Excludes enacted administrative reduction.

 F Excludes Director transfer, Secretary transfer, and rescission.

 G Includes Bioterrorism reduction.

 H Excludes Offi ce of Human Research Protection transfer, Secretary 

transfer, and rescission.

 I Excludes Government-wide rescission, Labor/HHS/Education rescission, from 

HHS to OMB rescission, and Secretary 1 percent transfer.

 J Excludes Government-wide rescission.

 K Includes Roadmap adjustments.

 L Includes Roadmap Transfer and Government-wide rescission. 

M No House allowance provided in FY 2011.
69

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management

and Support

 NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 

Current Dollars

 NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2001–2011*

Constant 2001 Dollars

Current Dollars (Millions)

Constant 2001 Dollars (Millions)

 Note: Beginning in 2007, the WHI funds are included in the “Heart” category and the Sleep Disorders Research funds are included in the “Lung” category. 

Previously they were reported separately. 

 * This chart is based on the Biomedical Research & Development Price Index through 2010.

Note: Beginning in 2007, the WHI funds are included in the “Heart” category and the Sleep Disorders Research funds are included in the “Lung” category. 

Previously they were reported separately. 

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management

and Support

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management 

and Support

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management 

and Support

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year
70

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

 NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Current Dollars (Millions) 

Fiscal Year

 Budget Category 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 Extramural Research 

 Heart $1,245.8 $1,412.4 $1,538.8 $1,604.7 $1,599.6 $1,582.7 $1,624.9 $1,652.2 $1,659.2 $1,769.1 $1,736.2

 Lung 481.0 535.2 590.5 596.0 628.2 610.3 597.6 572.2 627.8 629.9 635.5

 Blood 364.0 396.0 419.3 429.2 439.5 434.9 429.7 426.2 431.7 389.2 383.2

 Intramural Research 133.7 146.7 157.8 164.2 166.3 168.3 169.5 177.5 181.7 186.2 192.1

 Research Management 

and Support 

 73.5 79.4 87.3 88.5 89.0 97.2 100.6 109.2 114.1 119.1 122.6

 Total $2,298.0 $2,569.7 $2,793.7 $2,882.6 $2,922.6 $2,893.4 $2,922.3 $2,937.3 $3,014.5 $3,093.5 $3,069.6

 Note: From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Heart” line. The Sleep Disorders Research was 

reported separately from 1996 to 2006. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Lung” line. 

 NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Constant 2001 Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

 Budget Category 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 Extramural Research 

 Heart $1,245.8 $1,366.0 $1,435.4 $1,441.8 $1,381.3 $1,304.8 $1,289.6 $1,250.7 $1,213.8 $1,253.8 $1,205.3 

 Lung 481.0 517.6 550.8 535.5 542.5 503.1 474.3 433.2 459.3 446.4 441.9

 Blood 364.0 383.0 391.1 385.6 379.5 358.6 341.0 322.6 315.8 275.8 265.9

 Intramural Research 133.7 141.9 147.2 147.5 143.6 138.7 134.5 134.4 132.9 132.0 133.4

 Research Management 

and Support 

73.5 76.8 81.4 79.5 76.9 80.1 79.8 82.7 83.5 84.4 85.1

 Total $2,298.0 $2,485.2 $2,606.1 $2,589.9 $2,523.8 $2,385.4 $2,319.3 $2,223.5 $2,205.2 $2,192.4 $2,131.7

* This chart is based on the Biomedical Research & Development Price Index through 2010.

Note: From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Heart” line. The Sleep Disorders Research was 

reported separately from 1996 to 2006. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Lung” line. 
71

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

 NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

Research and

Development (R&D)

Contracts

Training Programs

Intramural Research and

Research Management

and Support**

Dollars (Millions)

 NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

 Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

 Funding Mechanism 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 Research Grants* $1,796.9 $2,006.2 $2,172.3 $2,257.3 $2,310.2 $2,275.9 $2,263.1 $2,216.9 $2,261.0 $2,310.3 $2,288.6

 Research and Development (R&D) Contracts  220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6 262.8 295.8 338.8 361.1 379.9 368.3

 Training Programs 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.1 88.4 89.2 93.3 94.9 96.6 98.0 98.0

 Intramural Research and 

Research Management 

and Support** 

 207.3 226.1 245.1 252.7 255.4 265.6 270.1 286.7 295.8 305.3 314.6

 Total $2,298.0 $2,569.8 $2,793.7 $2,882.6 $2,922.6 $2,893.5 $2,922.3 $2,937.3 $3,014.5 $3,093.5 $3,069.5

* Includes Research Career Programs.

** Excludes Offi ce of the Director and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts. 

 NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

 Fiscal Year

 Staff 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

FTEs* 868 880 880 861 796 797 814 846 856 876 876

* Full-time equivalents. 

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

Research and 

Development (R&D) 

Contracts

Training Programs

Intramural Research and 

Research Management 

and Support**

 * Includes Research Career Programs.

 ** Excludes Offi ce of the Director and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts. 
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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

Investigator-Initiated

Grants*

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants and 

R&D Contracts)

Percent of Extramural Funds

 NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 

 * Includes Research Career Programs. 

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants

and R&D Contracts)

Grants

R&D Contracts

 NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 2001–2011 

Percent of Extramural Funds

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

Investigator-Initiated 

Grants*

Institute-Initiated 

Awards (Grants 

and R&D Contracts)

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Institute-Initiated 

Awards (Grants 

and R&D Contracts)

Grants

R&D Contracts

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0
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NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

 NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

 Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

 Funding Mechanism 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 Investigator-Initiated Awards 

 Investigator-Initiated Grants* $1,388.8 $1,521.4 $1,616.1 $1,716.8 $1,747.2 $1,747.0 $1,719.3 $1,742.1 $1,765.5 $1,865.9 $1,842.8

 Research Career Programs 57.5 63.5 65.8 67.8 71.0 70.4 55.4 78.7 84.6 68.0 79.1

 Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards 

 1,446.3 1,584.9 1,681.9 1,784.6 1,818.2 1,817.3 1,774.7 1,820.8 1,850.1 1,933.9 1,921.9

 Institute-Initiated Awards 

 Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 350.7 421.3 490.4 472.5 492.1 458.6 488.2 396.1 410.9 376.4 366.7

 Centers** 127.2 128.2 138.9 140.6 151.5 141.1 141.0 107.3 90.1 72.6 55.9

 R&D Contracts (RFP) 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6 262.9 295.8 338.8 361.1 379.9 368.3

 Subtotal, Institute-Initiated 

Awards 

 570.8 679.6 780.9 758.0 760.7 721.4 784.0 734.9 772.0 756.3 735.0

 Training 

 Individual Awards 8.9 9.5 8.6 8.8 9.7 10.0 8.2 9.0 10.3 11.7 10.6

 Institutional Awards 64.8 69.7 77.2 78.4 78.7 79.1 85.1 85.8 86.2 86.3 87.4

 Subtotal, Training 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.2 88.4 89.2 93.3 94.8 96.5 98.0 98.0

 Total, Extramural $2,090.8 $2,343.7 $2,548.6 $2,629.8 $2,667.3 $2,628.0 $2,652.0 $2,650.5 $2,718.6 $2,788.2 $2,754.9

* Includes all R18s.

 ** Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs) and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category. 

 NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

 Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

 Funding Mechanism 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 Investigator-Initiated Awards 

 Investigator-Initiated Grants* 66.4% 64.9% 63.4% 65.3% 65.5% 66.5% 64.8% 65.7% 64.9% 66.9% 66.9%

 Research Career Programs 

 (K04, K06) 

 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.1 3.0 3.1 2.4 2.9

 Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards 

 69.2 67.6 66.0 67.9 68.2 69.2 66.9 68.7 68.1 69.4 69.8

 Institute-Initiated Awards 

 Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 16.8 18.0 19.2 18.0 18.4 17.5 18.4 14.9 15.1 13.5 13.3

 Centers** 6.1 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.4 5.3 4.0 3.3 2.6 2.0

 R&D Contracts (RFP) 10.5 11.0 11.4 10.9 10.1 10.0 11.2 12.8 13.3 13.6 13.4

 Subtotal, Institute-Initiated 

Awards 

 27.3 29.0 30.6 28.8 28.5 27.5 29.6 27.7 28.4 27.1 26.7

 Training 

 Individual Awards 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

 Institutional Awards 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2

 Subtotal, Training 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6

 Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

* Includes all R18s.

 ** Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs) and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category. 
74

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

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0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts 

Research Training

 NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 

Dollars (Millions)

 NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

 Funding Mechanism 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 Research Grants* $1,669.8 $1,878.0 $2,033.4 $2,116.5 $2,158.8 $2,134.9 $2,121.9 $2,109.6 $2,170.9 $2,237.7 $2,232.7

 Centers 127.2 128.2 138.9 140.6 151.5 141.1 141.0 107.3 90.1 72.6 55.9

 R&D Contracts 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6 262.9 295.8 338.8 361.1 379.9 368.3

 Research Training 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.2 88.4 89.2 93.3 94.8 96.5 98.0 98.0

 Total, Extramural $2,090.8 $2,343.7 $2,548.6 $2,629.8 $2,667.3 $2,628.0 $2,652.0 $2,650.5 $2,718.6 $2,788.2 $2,754.9

 * Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers. 

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers. 

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts

Research Training

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0
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NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

 NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

Centers

R&D Contracts 

Research Training

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

 NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

 Funding Mechanism 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 Research Grants* 79.9% 80.1% 79.8% 80.5% 80.9% 81.2% 80.0% 79.6% 79.9% 80.3% 81.0%

 Centers 6.1 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.4 5.3 4.0 3.3 2.6 2.0

 R&D Contracts (RFP) 10.5 11.0 11.4 10.9 10.1 10.0 11.2 12.8 13.3 13.6 13.4

 Research Training 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6

 Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

 Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding. 

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers. 

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts

Research Training

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

 77 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 9. Research Grants 

 NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2011

 Number of 

Grants 

 Total Cost (Dollars 

in Thousands) 

 Percent of Total NHLBI 

Research Grant Dollars 

 Research Project Grants (RPGs) 

 Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs)

 Regular Research Grants (R01) 2,943 $1,355,916 59.25%

 Program Project Grants (P01) 153 321,179 14.03

 Cooperative Agreements (U01) 156 180,217 7.87

 Explorative Developmental Grant (R21) 316 68,722 3.00

 Method to Extend Research in Time (R37) 71 30,775 1.34

 Exploratory/Developmental Grants Phase II (R33) 3 2,289 0.10

 Clinical Trial Planning Grant (R34) 12 4,646 0.20

 Clinical Planning Grant Cooperative Agreement (U34) 2 1,573 0.07

 Academic Research Enhancement Award (R15) 9 3,547 0.15

 NIH Director's New Innovator's Award (DP2) 2 4,928 0.22

 Research Transition Award (R00) 75 18,606 0.81

 Cooperative Agreements (U19) 3 6,513 0.28

 Small Research Grants (R03) 9 693 0.03

 Linked Research Grant (RL1) — 59 0.00

 NIH Director’s Pioneer Award (DP1) 3 2,255 0.10

 Exploratory/Developmental Cooperative Agreements Phase I (UH2) 2 988 0.04

 Multi-Component Research Project Cooperative Agreements (UM1) — 2,079 0.09

 Subtotal, Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs) 3,759 2,004,985 88.00

 Small Business Research Project Grants

 Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase I) (R41) 15 3,396 0.15

 Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase II) (R42) 11 5,608 0.25

 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase I) (R43) 67 16,973 0.74

 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase II) (R44) 70 48,958 2.14

 Subtotal, Small Business Research Project Grants 163 74,935 3.26

 Subtotal, Research Project Grants 3,922 2,079,920 91.26

 Research Centers Grants 

 Centers of Research Programs (P50) 30 34,366 1.50

 Sickle Cell Centers (U54) 13 5,901 0.26

 Centers for AIDS Research (P30) — 3,334 0.15

 Specialized Centers (Cooperative Agreements) (U54) — 1,265 0.06

 National Swine Research and Resource Center (U42) — 1,448 0.06

 Exploratory Grants (P20) 12 8,593 0.38

 Center Core Grants (P30) 5 1,024 0.04

 Subtotal, Research Centers Grants 60 55,931 2.44

 Research Career Programs 

 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for Minority Faculty (K01) 45 5,860 0.26

 Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) 5 668 0.03

 Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research Ethics (K01) — 126 0.01

 Independent Scientist Award (K02) 21 2,076 0.09

 Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Academic Award (K07) 4 486 0.02

 Innovators in Hemoglobinopathies Care Career Development Award (K07) 2 574 0.03

 Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08) 210 27,166 1.19

 Research Career Development Program in Vascular Medicine (K12) 3 2,499 0.11

 Clinical Research Career Development Programs in Emergency Medicine (K12) 6 1,186 0.05

 Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research (K18) 5 789 0.03

 Career Transition Award (K22) 3 699 0.03

 Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23) 170 23,871 1.04

 Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24) 34 5,851 0.26

 Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (K25) 15 2,110 0.09

 Career Transition Award (K99) 47 5,129 0.22

 Subtotal, Research Career Programs 570 79,090 3.46

 Other Research Grants 

 Cooperative Clinical Research (U10, R10) 50 44,705 1.95

 Minority Biomedical Research Support (S06, SC1, SC2) 13 2,883 0.13

 Other (D43, R13, R18, R24, R25, T15, U24, UH1) 115 26,094 1.14

 Subtotal, Other Research Grants 178 73,682 3.22

 Total, NHLBI Research Grants 4,730 $2,288,623 100%
 78 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 Research

Centers Grants

2.4% 

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

2,400

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Research Project Grants*

Research Centers Grants

Other Research Grants**

 NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category 

 Research

Project Grants

91.3% 

 Other 

Research

Grants

3.2% 

 Research

Career Programs

3.5% 

 NHLBI Research Project Grants, Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Dollars (Thousands)

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 Research 

Project 

Grants*

 $1,580,751 $1,779,573 $1,920,201 $2,003,769 $2,042,050 $2,011,049 $1,986,692 $1,983,633 $2,039,861 $2,108,524 $2,079,920 

 Research 

Centers 

Grants 

 127,232 128,161 138,941 140,600 151,495 141,086 141,034 107,393 90,152 72,566 55,931 

 Other 

Research 

Grants**

 88,958 98,460 113,172 112,785 116,713 123,802 135,284 125,942 131,001 129,245 152,772 

 Total $1,796,941 $2,006,194 $2,172,314 $2,257,154 $2,310,258 $2,275,937 $2,263,010 $2,216,968 $2,261,014 $2,310,335 $2,288,623 

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 

beginning in 2008; R34 and U34 beginning in 2010; and UH2 and UM1 beginning in 2011.

** Includes Research Career Programs; excludes General Research Support Grants. 

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 

beginning in 2008; R34 and U34 beginning in 2010; and UH2 and UM1 beginning in 2011.

 ** Includes Research Career Programs; excludes General Research Support Grants. 

 Dollars (Millions) 

 Research Project Grants* 

 Research Centers Grants

 Other Research Grants**

 2,400

 2,000

 1,600

 1,200

 800

 400

 0 

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

 Year 

 NHLBI Research Project Grants, Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 2001–2011 

Rese

Centers

2.4

Other Resea
 79 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications:* Fiscal Years 2001–2011

 Number Reviewed and Awarded 

 Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded

Fiscal Year

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 Applications Reviewed 2,895 3,064 3,098 3,548 3,865 4,412 4,504 4,492 4,373 4,528 4,931

 Applications Awarded 1,033 1,018 1,064 1,034 909 871 943 997 968 903 856

 Percent Funded (Success Rate) 35.7 33.2 34.3 29.1 23.5 19.7 20.9 22.2 22.1 19.9 17.4

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, and R37; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 beginning in 2008; R34 and 

U34 beginning in 2010; and UH2 and UM1 beginning in 2011. 

 Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate) 

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Reviewed

Awarded

 Number of Applications 

 Reviewed

 Awarded 

 5,000

 4,500

 4,000

 3,500

 3,000

 2,500

 2,000

 1,500

 1,000

 500

 0 

Fiscal Year 

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 Percent 

 50

 45

 40

 35

 30

 25

 20

 15

 10

 5

 0 

Fiscal Year 

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 
 80 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

0

200

400

600

800

1,000 

1,200 

1,400 

1,600 

1,800 

2,000 

2,200 

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Investigator-Initiated

Research Grants*

Institute-Initiated

Research Grants**

 NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 

 NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

 Investigator-Initiated* $1,446.2 $1,584.9 $1,681.9 $1,773.4 $1,822.9 $1,802.1 $1,774.8 $1,820.8 $1,850.1 $1,950.9 $1,921.9 

 Institute-Initiated** 350.7 421.3 490.4 483.8 487.3 473.8 488.2 396.1 410.9 359.5 366.7 

 Total $1,796.9 $2,006.2 $2,172.3 $2,257.2 $2,310.2 $2,275.9 $2,263.0 $2,216.9 $2,261.0 $2,310.4 $2,288.6 

* Includes RPGs, SBIRs/STTRs, Research Career Programs, and Other Research.

** Includes RPGs, Centers Grants, Research Career Programs, Other Research, and Cooperative Agreement RFAs. 

* Includes RPGs, SBIRs/STTRs, Research Career Programs, and Other Research.

** Includes RPGs, Centers Grants, Research Career Programs, Other Research, and Cooperative Agreement RFAs. 

 Dollars (Millions) 

 Investigator-Initiated

Research Grants* 

 Institute-Initiated

Research Grants**

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

 Year 

2,200 

2,000

 1,800

 1,600

 1,400

 1,200

 1,000

 800

 600

 400

 200

 0 
 81 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 NHLBI Research Project Grants:* Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 2001–2011

 Dollars (Millions) 

 Fiscal Year 

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

 Competing 

 New Competing $ 280.0 $ 291.2 $ 285.5 $ 290.5 $ 270.0 $ 242.9 $ 330.9 $ 314.2 $ 340.2 $ 330.5 $ 353.1 

 Renewal Competing 143.9 143.9 177.2 185.5 176.1 168.3 169.4 196.9 172.6 171.6 131.6 

 Competing 

Supplements 

 0.4 2.3 1.0 1.3 1.7 0.4 — 1.7 0.3 0.3 — 

 Subtotal, Competing 424.3 437.4 463.7 477.3 447.8 411.6 500.3 512.8 513.1 501.8 484.7 

 Noncompeting 

 Subtotal, Noncompeting 1,101.5 1,281.3 1,390.3 1454.9 1,520.0 1,527.0 1,486.4 1,470.8 1,526.8 1,606.7 1,595.2 

 Total, Competing and 

Noncompeting $1,525.8 $1,718.7 $1,854.0 $1,932.2 $1,967.8 $1,938.6 $1,986.7 $1,983.6 $2,039.9 $2,108.5 $2,079.9 

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 

beginning in 2008; R34 and U34 beginning in 2010; and UH2 and UM1 beginning in 2011. 

 Facility and Administrative (F&A) Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants:* 

Fiscal Years 2001–2011

 Dollars (Thousands)

 Fiscal Year Direct Cost F&A Cost Total Cost 

 F&A Cost as a 

Percent of Direct Cost 

 2001 1,045,144 480,673 1,525,817 46.0 

 2002 1,182,408 536,324 1,718,732 45.4 

 2003 1,276,819 577,131 1,853,950 45.2 

 2004 1,329,106 603,133 1,932,239 45.4 

 2005 1,355,803 612,007 1,967,810 45.1 

 2006 1,334,406 604,183 1,938,589 45.3 

 2007 1,378,134 608,558 1,986,692 44.2 

 2008 1,376,276 607,357 1,983,633 44.1 

 2009 1,410,033 629,828 2,039,861 44.7 

 2010 1,459,211 649,313 2,108,524 44.5 

 2011 1,429,935 649,985 2,079,920 45.5 

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007;

DP1 and R00 beginning in 2008; R34 and U34 beginning in 2010; and UH2 and UM1 beginning in 2011.
 82 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

0 

50 

100 

150 

200 

250 

300 

350 

400 

450 

500 

550 

600 

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

Noncompeting

Competing

Total

 NHLBI Research Project Grants:* Average Costs, Fiscal Years 2001–2011 

 NHLBI Research Project Grants:* Average Costs, Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Dollars (Thousands)

 Fiscal Year 

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 Noncompeting $390.7 $418.8 $444.4 $458.7 $490.6 $503.9 $510.3 $512.4 $509.8 $532.2 $538.6

 Competing 410.8 409.1 406.7 419.7 459.9 458.1 477.8 462.0 478.2 497.9 504.9

 Total $396.1 $416.2 $433.8 $447.9 $484.8 $492.8 $501.7 $501.8 $501.4 $523.6 $530.3

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 

beginning in 2008; R34 and U34 beginning in 2010; and UH2 and UM1 beginning in 2011. 

 Dollars (Thousands) 

 Noncompeting 

 Competing

 Total 

Fiscal Year 

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

600

 550

 500

 450

 400

 350

 300

 250

 200

 150

 100

 50

 0 

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 

beginning in 2008; R34 and U34 beginning in 2010; and UH2 and UM1 beginning in 2011. 
83

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10, U19) Programs

Cooperative Agreements were instituted to support discrete, circumscribed projects in areas of an investigator’s specific interest and competency with substantial programmatic participation by the NHLBI during performance of the

activity.

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2011

Total FY 2011 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

ARIC Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS) $4,024,211 $5,132,469 $9,156,680 

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network 24,419,327 3,800,000 28,219,327

Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial — 1,375,726 1,375,726

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL) 25,827,224 3,029,201 28,856,425

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation 

(CABANA) Trial

5,985,643 3,032,875 9,018,518

Center for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research 5,203,594 4,964,931 10,168,525

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) 4,058,435 3,986,427 8,044,862

Claudication Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization (CLEVER) 7,647,416 1,371,307 9,018,723

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation Outcomes 46,447,452 9,455,378 55,902,830

Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on Tobacco (CHART) 3,321,649 3,505,096 6,826,745

Cross Organ Mechanism-Associated Phenotypes For Genetic Analysis 

of H, L, B, and S Diseases — 4,275,465 4,275,465

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—Phase II 2,200,000 1,100,000 3,300,000

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 8,413,711 742,170 9,155,881

Early Adult Reduction of Weight Through LifestYle Intervention (EARLY) 

Trials*

10,519,703 6,123,513 16,643,216

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaskan Natives (GOCADAN) 17,504,059 51,881 17,555,940

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network 37,108,888 7,651,786 44,760,674

ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with 

Medical Invasive Approaches) Trial

— 6,671,629 6,671,629

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes 8,000,000 4,000,000 12,000,000

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigation in Cardiovascular Medicine 25,978,806 5,459,597 31,438,403

Next Generation Genetic Association Studies — 5,855,804 5,855,804

NHLBI Cardiac Development Consortium 8,239,641 7,037,111 15,276,752

NHLBI Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium 5,143,441 3,814,314 8,957,755

NHLBI Pediatric Translational Consortium Administrative Coordinating 

Center 10,453,976 — 10,453,976

NHLBI Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium Research Hubs 46,788,094 22,514,886 69,302,980

Obesity Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT)** 10,987,451 4,297,228 15,284,679

Pediatric Heart Network 63,348,873 12,827,177 76,176,050

Pharmacogenetics Research Network 74,421,336 6,532,424 80,953,760

Ranolazine in Implantable Defibrillators (RAID) Trial 2,279,794 — 2,279,794

Rule Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computed Assisted Tomography 

(ROMICAT II) 4,419,188 366,525 4,785,713

Strong Heart Study 73,879,041 2,144,794 76,023,835

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) 40,041,062 352,198 40,393,260

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA) Trials 5,993,723 4,401,772 10,395,495

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 582,655,738 145,873,684 728,529,422

Lung Diseases

Asthma Networks (AsthmaNet) 23,800,000 15,500,000 39,300,000

COPD Clinical Research Network 46,330,386 2,600,000 48,930,386

Heart and Lung Failure-Pediatric Insulin Titration Trial (HALF-PINT) — 2,685,460 2,685,460

Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic Fibrosis (ISIS) 2,244,874 628,241 2,873,115

Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract in HIV-Infected and in HIVUninfected Controls 10,743,005 5,324,656 16,067,661

Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II 7,593,739 12,843,238 20,436,977
 84 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2011 

 Total FY 2011 

Obligations 

 Total Obligations 

to Date 

Lung Diseases (continued)

 Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment 28,998,338 1,957,381 30,955,719

Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (PROP) 1,597,280 4,066,948 5,664,228

Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An Understudied Population at Great 

Risk

500,000 3,298,000 3,798,000

Randomized Trial of Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids (ALPS) 2,133,947 2,137,414 4,271,361

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation To Prevent 

Childhood Asthma

4,975,916 2,469,339 7,445,255

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure 7,779,116 2,181,199 9,960,315

Severe Asthma Research Program — 5,159,933 5,159,933

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN) 1,449,536 724,884 2,174,420

Study of Soy Isofl avones in Asthma (SOYA) 1,417,854 688,673 2,106,527

Trial of Late Surfactant (TOLSURF) To Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 

(BPD) 

3,765,851 1,807,148 5,572,999

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 143,329,842 64,076,514 207,406,356

 Blood Diseases and Resources 

Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus Removal With Adjunctive CatheterDirected Thrombolysis (ATTRACT)** 6,272,537 243,775 6,516,312

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 59,071,021 5,319,784 64,390,805

Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients Requiring Temporary Interruption of 

Warfarin Therapy for an Elective Invasive Procedure or Surgery (BRIDGE) Trial 15,531,903 — 15,531,903

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 57,040,060 6,133,712 63,173,772

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 137,915,521 11,697,271 149,612,792

Total, NHLBI Cooperative Agreements $856,249,333 $221,647,469 $1,085,548,570 

* Formerly known as Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults.

** Formerly known as Translating Basic Behavior and Social Science Discoveries Into Interventions to Reduce Obesity 

†

 Formerly known as Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute DVT (ATTRACT) Trial. 
 85 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

 ARIC Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

 The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

mid-life vascular risk factors and markers of macrovascular and microvascular disease are predictive of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive change in 

a large biracial ARIC cohort. 

 Obligations

 Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$5,132,469

 Fiscal Year 2010—$4,024,211

 Total Funding to Date—$9,156,680

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Johns Hopkins University

 Baltimore, Maryland —HL-096812

 2. University of North Carolina

 Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-096814

 3. University of North Carolina

 Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-096899

 4. University of Minnesota

 Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-096902

 5. University of Mississippi Medical Center

 Jackson, Mississippi —HL-096917

 Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

 Cardiovascular Infl ammation Reduction Trial, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this trial is to test the infl ammatory 

hypothesis of atherothrombosis by evaluating whether 

low-dose methotrexate will reduce rates of recurrent 

myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death 

among patients with stable CVD who are at increased 

risk indicated by persistent elevations of high-sensitivity 

C-reactive protein.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$1,375,726

Total Funding to Date—$1,375,726

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

 Boston, Massachusetts ─HL-101389

 2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

 Boston, Massachusetts ─HL-101422

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this trial is to determine whether renal 

artery stenting adds value to optimal medical therapy in 

terms of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in individuals with a history of resistant hypertension and/or chronic 

kidney disease and stenosis (>60%) of one or both renal 

arteries. The trial is in an extended follow-up phase. 

 Obligations

 Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$3,029,201 

Fiscal Years 2004–2010—$25,827,224

Total Funding to Date—$28,856,425 

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Toledo Health

Sciences Campus

Toledo, Ohio —HL-071556

 2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072734

 3. University of Virginia

Charlottesville, Virginia —HL-072735

 4. Mid-America Heart Institute of

St. Luke Hospital

Kansas City, Missouri —HL-072736

 5. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072737

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug 

Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation (CABANA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this trial is to determine whether percutaneous left atrial catheter ablation is superior to current 

pharmacologic therapy for eliminating atrial fi brillation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$3,032,875 

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$5,985,643

Total Funding to Date—$9,018,518

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-089645

 2. Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-089709
 86 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 3. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-089786

 4. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-089907

 Center for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this program is to conduct cardiovascular outcomes research that focuses on patient- and 

clinician-relevant outcomes of health care and their 

determinants. The goal is to move clinical evidence into 

public policy and clinical practice.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$4,964,931

Fiscal Year 2010—$5,203,594

Total Funding to Date—$10,168,525

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Massachusetts Medical School

 Worcester, Massachusetts —HL-105268

 2. Yale University 

 New Haven, Connecticut —HL-105270

 3. Boston Medical Center

 Boston, Massachusetts —HL-105342

 4. Duke University

 Durham, North Carolina —HL-107023 

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment 

Research (COPTR), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010 

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal 

Revascularization, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

 The purpose of this study is to optimize physical 

functioning, increase activity levels, and reduce CVD 

risk in older individuals with peripheral artery disease. 

Investigators are determining whether a strategy of aortoiliac stenting and pharmacotherapy improves maximum 

walking duration better than a strategy of supervised rehabilitation, exercise, and pharmacotherapy for those with moderate to severe claudication due to aortoiliac insuffi ciency.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$1,371,307

 Fiscal Years 2005–2010—$7,647,416

 Total Funding to Date—$9,018,723

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Rhode Island Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island —HL-077221

 2. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-081656

 Clinical Research Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcomes, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2004 

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on 

Tobacco (CHART), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Cross Organ Mechanism-Associated Phenotypes 

for Genetic Analysis of Heart, Lung, Blood, and 

Sleep Diseases (MAPGen for HLBS) Research 

Centers, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this program is to establish a 

MAPGen consortium of research centers. The consortium seeks to utilize evolving knowledge of cellular 

and molecular networks to defi ne common mechanismassociated traits across organ systems. The goal is to 

redefi ne disease at the level of pathogenetic mechanisms 

and phenotype individuals based on pathobiology, rather 

than clinical presentation. This approach will provide 

the basis for the development of mechanism-based 

strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in 

individual patients. 

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$4,275,465

Total Funding to Date—$4,275,465

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-108630

 2. University of Southern California

Los Angeles, California —HL-108634

 3. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-108636

 4. Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut —HL-108638

 5. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-108642

 6. Stanford University

Menlo Park, California —HL-108647
87

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—

Phase II, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary 

Intervention, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1997

The purpose of this program, which complements 

prior NHLBI percutaneous transluminal coronary 

angioplasty (PTCA) registries and the New Approaches 

to Coronary Intervention Registry, is to evaluate patterns of device usage and the immediate and follow-up 

outcomes in patients who are undergoing percutaneous 

transluminal coronary revascularization. Results will 

provide guidance to the cardiology community in selecting appropriate therapies and designing clinical trials 

to evaluate competing devices. Twenty-four percent of 

the patients are from various racial and ethnic minority 

populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$742,170

Fiscal Years 1997–2010—$8,413,711

Total Funding to Date—$9,155,881

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-033292

Early Adult Reduction of Weight Through 

LifestYle Intervention (EARLY) Trials,* 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska 

Natives (GOCADAN), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2000

The purpose of this study is to document CVD and 

CVD risk factors in approximately 40 extended families (1,214 members from villages in Northern Alaska). 

Scientists are seeking to identify and characterize genes 

that contribute to CVD in this unique and understudied 

population.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$51,881

Fiscal Years 2000–2010—$17,504,059

Total Funding to Date—$17,555,940

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. MedStar Research Institute 

Hyattsville, Maryland —HL-064244

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Ischemia (International Study of Comparative 

Health Effectiveness with Medical Invasive 

Approaches) Trial, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this trial is to define the role of an 

invasive approach in patients with stable ischemic heart 

disease and substantial ischemia. Investigators will 

determine whether cardiac catheterization followed by 

complete revascularization plus optimal medical therapy 

is superior to optimal medical therapy alone as the 

management strategy for patients with moderate-severe 

ischemia on stress imaging. Cost-effectiveness will also 

be assessed.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$6,671,629

Total Funding to Date—$6,671,629

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-105462

2. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-105561

3. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-105565

4. New York University School of Medicine 

New York, New York —HL-105907

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

* Formerly known as Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults.
 88 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical 

Investigation in Cardiovascular Medicine, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Next Generation Genetic Association Studies, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate functional 

aspects of genetic variation in humans by combining 

cellular reprogramming strategies with molecular profi ling or cellular assays, and then integrating the information with existing genotypic and clinical phenotypic data 

to assess how naturally occurring human genetic variation infl uences the activities of biological networks in 

cell-based models of disease. Researchers are seeking 

to develop the technology needed for high-throughput 

iPS cell line generation and differentiation and will use 

the technology to follow up on genomic associations 

with additional mechanistic information gained from 

cellular models of disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$5,855,804

Total Funding to Date—$5,855,804

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-107388

 2. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-107393

 3. Scripps Research Institute

La Jolla, California —HL-107436

 4. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-107437

 5. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-107440

 6. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-107442

 7. Boston University Medical Campus

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-107443

 8. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-107446

 9. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HG-006398

NHLBI Cardiac Development Consortium, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the regulatory networks controlling cardiovascular development. 

A consortium of multidisciplinary research teams will 

select key regulatory pathways, identify components of 

the pathways and targets, and disseminate data to the 

scientifi c community. Research results may lead to the 

development of regenerative therapies and tissue engineering approaches. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$7,037,111 

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$8,239,641

Total Funding to Date—$15,276,752

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-098160

 2. Harvard University Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-098166

 3. J. David Gladstone Institutes

San Francisco, California —HL-098179

 4. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-098180

NHLBI Pediatric Cardiac Genomics 

Consortium, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to conduct clinical and 

translational research on the genetic causes of congenital 

heart disease and the genetic contributions to outcomes 

in individuals with congenital heart disease. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$3,814,314 

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$5,143,441

Total Funding to Date—$8,957,755

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Mount Sinai School of Medicine

New York, New York —HL-098123

 2. Children’s Hospital Boston

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-098147

 3. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-098153

 4. Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut —HL-098162

 5. Columbia University Health Sciences

New York, New York —HL-098163
 89 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

NHLBI Pediatric Translational Consortium 

Administrative Coordinating Center, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009 

The purpose of this Coordinating Center is to provide administrative support for the Cardiovascular 

Development Consortium and the Pediatric Cardiac 

Genomics Consortium, monitor multicenter patient recruitment by the Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium, 

and administer funds to consortium-wide cores. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$0

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$10,453,976

Total Funding to Date—$10,453,976

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

 1. New England Research Institute, Inc. 

 Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-98188

NHLBI Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium 

Research Hubs, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to establish virtual 

research hubs that focus on progenitor cell biology. 

Investigators are seeking to identify and characterize progenitor cell lineages, direct the differentiation 

of stem and progenitor cells to desired cell fates, and 

develop new strategies to address the unique challenges 

presented by the transplantation of progenitor cells. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$22,514,886 

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$46,788,094

Total Funding to Date—$69,302,980

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-099656

 2. University of Wisconsin, Madison

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-099773

 3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-099775

 4. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-099776

 5. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-099993

 6. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-099995

 7. University of Maryland

 Baltimore, Maryland —HL-099997

 8. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-099999

 9. Children’s Hospital Boston

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-100001

 10. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-100395

 11. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-100397

 12. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-100398

13. University of Texas Southwestern

Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-100401

14. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-100402

15. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-100405

16. J. David Gladstone Institutes

San Francisco, California —HL-100406

17. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-100407

18. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-100408

 Obesity Related Behavioral Intervention Trials 

(ORBIT),* Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to translate fi ndings from 

basic research on human behavior into more effective 

clinical, community, and population interventions to 

reduce obesity and improve obesity-related behaviors. 

Investigators are seeking to develop innovative obesityreducing strategies that are effective in small-scale trials, 

acceptable to target populations of interest and are ready 

for testing in large-scale randomized clinical and community trials. Some of the projects are expected to have 

50–100 percent participation from minority populations. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$4,297,228

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$10,987,451

Total Funding to Date—$15,284,679

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Claremont Graduate University

Claremont, California —HL-097839

 * Formerly known as Translating Basic Behavioral and Social Sciences Discoveries Into Interventions To Reduce Obesity. 
 90 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 2. Weill Medical College of

Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-097843

 3. Wayne State University

Detroit, Michigan —HL-097889

 4. Rush University Medical Center

Chicago, Illinois —HL-097894

 5. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-097973

 Pediatric Heart Network, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

 Pharmacogenetics Research Network, Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this program is to establish a network 

of multidisciplinary, collaborative research groups to 

study how genetic variation contributes to interindividual differences in responses to medications. Four 

studies under this initiative are investigating the pharmacogenetics of heart, lung, and blood diseases. One of 

the projects has 38 percent minority participation. The 

Pharmacogenetics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) has 

been established to integrate information obtained from 

pharmacogonomics, phenotypes, and genotypes .

 Obligations 

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$6,532,424

 Fiscal Years 2001–2010—$74,421,366

 Total Funding to Date—$80,953,760

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital and 

Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065899

 2. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-065962

 3. Children’s Hospital and Research Center

Oakland, California —HL-069757

 4. University of Maryland

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-105198

Ranolazine in Implantable Defi brillators (RAID) 

Trial, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine whether 

ranolazine will reduce the risk of ventricular arrhythmias 

and improve survival in high-risk patients who already 

have an implantable cardiac defi brillator. Currently, 

very few options are available for treating patients at risk 

for ventricular arrhythmias—which often leads to death—

and ranolazine may be a safe and effective treatment.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$0 

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,279,794

Total Funding to Date—$2,279,794

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Rochester

 Rochester, New York —HL-096607

 2. University of Rochester

 Rochester, New York —HL-096610

 Rule Out Myocardial Infarction Using 

Computed Assisted Tomography (ROMICAT II), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

using cardiac computed assisted tomography early in 

the emergency department triage will enable immediate 

and safe discharge without further testing of a signifi cant 

number of patients with acute chest pain.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$366,525 

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$4,419,188

Total Funding to Date—$4,785,713

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-092022 

 2. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-092040

 Strong Heart Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1988

 The objectives of this study are to survey CVD morbidity and mortality rates among three geographically 

diverse groups of American Indians and estimate their 

levels of CVD risk factors. Phases II and III of the cohort 

study extended surveillance of community mortality and 

assessed development of CVD and changes in CVD risk 

factors. In Phase III, investigators added a substudy of 

asthma and a pilot family study. Phase IV expanded the 

family study to 120 families comprising 3,600 members 

to investigate genetic and environmental contributors 

of CVD. Phase V examined the family study cohort to 
 91 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

assess genetic relationships to risk factor change over a 

5-year period and initiated surveillance for cardiovascular 

morbidity and mortality. 

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$2,144,794

 Fiscal Years 1988–2010—$73,879,041

 Total Funding to Date—$76,023,835

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Medstar Research Institute 

 Hyattsville, Maryland —HL-041642

 2. Missouri Breaks Research, Inc. 

 Timberlake, South Dakota —HL-041652

 3. University of Oklahoma

 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-041654

 4. Weill Medical College of 

Cornell University

 New York, New York —HL-065521

 Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The objective of this clinical trial is to continue to follow for 5 more years, patients who were assigned to the 

fi rst part of the STICH study that sought to determine 

whether the addition of CABG to intensive medical 

therapy improves long-term survival of patients with 

heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. The original study found no signifi cant difference between medical therapy alone and medical therapy plus CABG with 

respect to the primary endpoint of death from any cause. 

However, the secondary endpoint related to deaths due 

to cardiovascular causes showed that patients assigned 

to CABG had lower rates of death compared with those 

assigned to medical therapy alone.

The extension study (STICHES) will enable investigators to obtain long-term (10-year average) data on survivors from the original cohort. The primary endpoint is 

all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints include cardiovascular mortality; cardiovascular morbidity defi ned by 

hospitalization for heart failure, myocardial infarction, or 

need for coronary revascularization procedure; and functional status and symptoms. Approximately 25 percent 

of the population will come from minority populations .

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$352,198

 Fiscal Years 2002–2010—$40,041,062

 Total Funding to Date—$40,393,260

 Current Active Organization and Grant Number

 1. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069015

 Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric 

Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA) Trials, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this program is to determine whether 

therapeutic hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest 

improves outcomes, including survival, in infants and 

children. Approximately 50 percent of the patients 

are expected to come from racial and ethnic minority 

populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$4,401,772

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$5,993,723

Total Funding to Date—$10,395,495

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-094339

 2. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-094345

 Lung Diseases Program

 Asthma Networks (AsthmaNet), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

 COPD Clinical Research Network, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

 Heart and Lung Failure-Pediatric Insulin 

Titration Trial (HALF-PINT), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2011

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

safe and effective tight glycemic control can suffi ciently 

reduce morbidity and mortality in children with heart 

and lung failure to justify a low risk of hypoglycemia.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$2,685,460

Total Funding to Date—$2,685,460
 92 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Children’s Hospital Boston

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-107681

 2. Children’s Hospital Boston

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-108028

 Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic Fibrosis 

(ISIS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2008 

 The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is 

to assess the effi cacy and safety of 7 percent hypertonic saline inhaled twice daily for 48 weeks among 

infants with CF aged 4 to 15 months at enrollment. 

Investigators are seeking to determine whether hypertonic saline will improve hyperinfl ation and obstructive 

lung disease as measured by infant lung function testing 

compared with the control agent (isotonic saline).

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$628,241

Fiscal Years 2008–2010—$2,224,874

 Total Funding to Date—$2,873,115

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Children’s Hospital and Regional

Medical Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-092931

 2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-092932

Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract 

in HIV-Infected Individuals and HIV-Uninfected 

Controls, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to characterize the microbiome of the lung alone or in combination with the upper 

airways in HIV-infected individuals and matched HIVuninfected controls. Investigators will use molecular 

techniques to identify bacteria, and if possible, other 

organisms (e.g., viruses, cell-wall defi cient organisms, 

protozoa, and fungi). Data will be used to examine the 

effects of changes in the respiratory microbiome on 

the pathogenesis and progression of HIV disease, HIVrelated respiratory complications, and anti-HIV therapies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$5,324,656 

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$10,743,005

Total Funding to Date—$16,067,661

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-098957

 2. George Washington University

Washington, DC —HL-098958

 3. Indiana University-Purdue University,

Indianapolis

Indianapolis, Indiana —HL-098960

 4. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-098961

 5. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-098962

 6. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-098964

 7. University of Colorado

Denver, Colorado —HL-098966

 Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

 The objective of this project is to bring together 

research experts in asthma, epidemiology, statistics, bioinformatics, physiology, clinical trials, genetics, and genomics to focus on the pharmacogenetics of asthma treatment.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$1,957,381

 Fiscal Years 2000–2010— $28,998,338

 Total Funding to Date—$30,955,719

 Current Active Organization and Grant Number

 1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065899

 Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes 

Program (PROP), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010 

The purpose of this observational clinical study is to 

investigate hypotheses on the molecular mechanisms that 

contribute to respiratory disease risk of the premature 

newborn with the long-term goal of improving outcomes 

in the fi rst year of life.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$4,066,948 

Fiscal Year 2010—$1,597,280

Total Funding to Date—$5,664,228
 93 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Vanderbilt University 

 Nashville, Tennessee —HL-101456

 2. Washington University

 St. Louis, Missouri —HL-101465

 3. University of Pennsylvania

 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-101794 

 4. University of California, San Francisco

 San Francisco, California —HL-101798

 5. Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 

 Cincinnati

 Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-101800

 6. University of Rochester 

 Rochester, New York —HL-101813

Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An 

Understudied Population at Great Risk, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this study is to create a network of clinical research sites with a Data Coordinating and Analysis 

Center to develop common research protocols to study the 

cardiovascular health of women in their fi rst pregnancy 

and assess the signifi cance of disordered breathing. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$3,298,000 

Fiscal Year 2010—$500,000

Total Funding to Date—$3,798,000

Current Active Organization and Grant Number 

 1. Research Triangle Institute 

 Research Triangle, North Carolina —HD-063036

 Randomized Trial of Antenatal Late Preterm 

Steroids (ALPS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this study is to determine whether antenatal corticosteroids can potentially improve lung function and reduce respiratory morbidity in newborn infants 

who are born in the late preterm period (34–36 weeks). 

Previous studies have shown that steroids improve lung 

function in very premature infants. Fifty-fi ve percent of 

the participants are expected to come from racial and ethnic minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$2,137,414 

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,133,947

Total Funding to Date—$4,271,361

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

 1. George Washington University 

Washington, DC —HL-098354

 2. Columbia University Health Sciences

New York, New York —HL-098554

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D 

Supplementation To Prevent Childhood Asthma, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is to 

determine whether supplemental vitamin D to increase 

the level of vitamin D in a pregnant woman will prevent asthma and allergy in her child at age 3 years. 

Investigators will recruit 870 pregnant women who are 

in the fi rst trimester of pregnancy and randomize them 

to one of two treatment arms of a 4-year clinical trial: 

one arm being treatment with 4,000 international units 

of vitamin D in addition to typical prenatal vitamins and 

the other being treatment with typical prenatal vitamins 

alone. Currently, 80 percent of the participants are from 

racial and ethnic minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$2,469,339

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$4,975,916

Total Funding to Date—$7,445,255

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-091075

 2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-091528

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With 

Acute Respiratory Failure, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2008

The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is to test 

an innovative approach to sedation management that 

includes team education and consensus on the use of 

sedatives in pediatric patients supported on mechanical ventilation; team identifi cation of each patient’s 

trajectory of illness and daily prescription of a sedation 

goal; use of a nurse-implemented goal-directed comfort 

algorithm that guides moment-to-moment titration of 

opioids and benzodiazepines; and team feedback on 

sedation management performance. Investigators have 

randomized 2,754 critically ill infants and children into 

two study groups: sedation management intervention 
 94 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

and usual care. Forty-fi ve percent of the patients are 

from racial and ethnic minority populations.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$2,181,199

 Fiscal Years 2008–2010—$7,779,116

 Total Funding to Date—$9,960,315

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-086622

 2. Children’s Hospital Boston

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-086649

Severe Asthma Research Program,* Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this study is to defi ne severe asthma 

at the molecular and cellular levels longitudinally to 

understand its evolution. Research fi ndings will serve 

as a rational basis for designing mechanism-based diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment strategies for severe 

asthma.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$5,159,933

Total Funding to Date—$5,159,933

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

 1. Pennsylvania State University, 

Hershey Medical Center

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-109086

 2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-109146

 3. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-109152

 4. Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-109164

 5. University of Wisconsin, Madison

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-109168

 6. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-109172

 7. University of Virginia, Charlottesville

Charlottesville, Virginia —HL-109250

 8. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-109257

 Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine 

whether treatment of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis with 

a nasal steroid improves asthma control. Investigators 

have randomized 380 patients with poorly controlled 

asthma and chronic rhinitis and sinusitis to a nasal steroid or matching placebo in addition to their regular 

asthma treatment. One third of participants are expected 

to be from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$724,884 

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$1,449,536

Total Funding to Date—$2,174,420

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Vermont

Burlington, Vermont —HL-089464

 2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-089510

Study of Soy Isofl avones in Asthma (SOYA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this double-blind, randomized controlled trial is to determine whether genistein supplements (soy isofl avone) improves lung func tion in patients 

with poorly controlled asthma. The study includes 380 

patients with low dietary soy intake, ages 12 years and 

older, who are taking either inhaled corticosteroids or 

leukotriene modifi ers or both and have poorly controlled 

asthma. Participants are being randomly assigned to 

treatment with either a soy isofl avone supplement (containing genistein, daidzein, and glycitein) 100 mg daily 

or to placebo for 6 months. Thirty percent of participants 

are expected to be from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$688,673

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$1,417,854

Total Funding to Date—$2,106,527

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Northwestern University

Evanston, Illinois —HL-087987

 2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-088367

* The Severe Asthma Research Program began in FY 2001 and was funded under the R01 mechanism. 
 95 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

Trial of Late Surfactant (TOLSURF) To Prevent 

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2009

The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical 

trial is to determine whether late doses of surfactant in 

addition to iNO administered to extremely low gestational age neonates (< 30 weeks) who require mechanical ventilation between 7 and 14 days of age will 

increase survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$1,807,148

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$3,765,851

Total Funding to Date—$5,572,999

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

 1. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-094338 

 2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-094355 

 Blood Diseases and Resources

 Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus 

Removal With Adjunctive Catheter-Directed 

Thrombolysis (ATTRACT),* Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2008

 The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

adjunctive pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis (PCDT), which includes intrathrombus admin -

istration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, 

can prevent postthrombotic syndrome in patients with 

symptomatic proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT). 

Investigators are comparing the addition of PCDT to 

optimal standard DVT therapy with optimal standard 

DVT therapy alone.

 Obligations

 Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$243,775

 Fiscal Years 2008–2010—$6,272,537

 Total Funding to Date—$6,516,312

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. McMaster University

Hamilton, Ontario —HL-088118

 2. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-088476

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

 Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients Requiring 

Temporary Interruption of Warfarin Therapy 

for an Elective Invasive Procedure or Surgery 

(BRIDGE) Trial, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2008

The purpose of this study is to determine the safety 

and effi cacy of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) 

in adults with atrial fi brillation who stop warfarin in 

preparation for surgery. The trial randomly allocated 

3,282 patients with atrial fi brillation to either LMWH or 

placebo before and after surgery. Investigators hypothesize that simply withholding warfarin in a perioperative 

setting for patients with atrial fi brillation will not meaningfully increase the risk for arterial thromboembolism 

and will forestall hemorrhagic complications, compared 

with a strategy using LMWH before and after surgery. 

One-third of participants are expected to be from minority populations.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$0

Fiscal Years 2008–2010—$15,531,903

 Total Funding to Date—$15,531,903

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-086755

 2. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-087229

 Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials. 

* Formerly known as Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute DVT (ATTRACT) Trial. 
 96 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

 1. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 

 Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-105184

 2. Northeastern University

 Boston, Massachusetts —HL-105185

 NHLBI Centers of Research Program (P50)

 The Centers of Research Program supports specialized centers that focus on multidisciplinary research and development from basic science to clinical investigation in response to announcements of the programmatic needs of the Institute. 

The spectrum of activities comprises a multifaceted attack on a specifi c disease entity or biomedical problem area. 

NHLBI Centers of Research Program

Obligations (Dollars in Thousands)

Type of Center

Period of 

Operation

Prior to 

FY 2011 FY 2011 Total to Date

NIH Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities 

(CPHHD) 2010– $9,898 $10,169 $20,067

Subtotal, CPHHD $9,898 $10,169 $20,067

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research (P50)

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling 2006– 69,643 1,760 71,403

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 69,643 1,760 71,403

Lung Diseases Program

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2007– 44,781 8,775 53,556

Pulmonary Vascular Disease 2007– 25,558 4,660 30,218

Subtotal, Lung Diseases Program 70,339 13,435 83,774

Subtotal, SCCOR (P50) $139,982 $15,195 $155,177 

Centers for Advanced Diagnostics and Experimental 

Therapeutics in Lung Diseases (CADET) 2011 — $9,000 $9,000 

Subtotal, CADET — $9,000 $9,000 

Total, Centers of Research Program (P50) $149,880 $34,364 $184,244 

 NIH Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD) (P50)

The purpose of this program is to create centers of transdisciplinary research that will evaluate the multilevel 

determinants of health disparities and devise interventions to reduce them.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2011—$10,168,814

 3. Johns Hopkins University 

 Baltimore, Maryland —HL-105187

 4. University of California, Los Angeles

 Los Angeles, California —HL-105188

 5. Rush University Medical Center

 Chicago, Illinois —HL-105189
 97 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 Heart Diseases Program

 Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling

 The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research on clinically relevant questions that 

will enable basic science fi ndings to be more rapidly 

translated into clinical applications. Major goals of the 

program are to stimulate interdependent clinical and 

multidisciplinary basic research projects that investigate molecular and cellular mechanisms of vascular 

injury, repair, and remodeling; promote patient-oriented 

research that will improve our ability to prevent, detect, 

characterize, manage, and treat vascular diseases; and 

develop the skills and research capabilities of new clinical investigators. 

 Obligations

 Fiscal Year 2011—$1,759,969

 Current Active Organization and Grant Number

 1. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-083813

 Lung Diseases Program

 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

 The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research to accelerate progress in the diagnosis, 

prevention, and treatment of COPD. The program 

includes a broad spectrum of basic and clinical research 

that encompasses animal models of COPD pathogenesis; 

human proteomic, genetic, and genomic investigations; 

disease phenotypes classifi cation; and the development 

of new therapeutic interventions. 

 Obligations

 Fiscal Year 2011—$8,775,106

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-084922

 2. Weill Medical College of 

Cornell University 

New York, New York —HL-084936

 3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-084945

 4. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-084948

 Pulmonary Vascular Disease

 The objective of this SCCOR is to facilitate multidisciplinary research that proposes original hypotheses and 

applies cutting-edge approaches, including genomics and 

proteomics, to clinical issues in pulmonary vascular disease. 

 Obligations

 Fiscal Year 2011—$4,660,206

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Colorado, Denver 

Denver, Colorado —HL-084923

 2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-084946

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research (P50)

 The NHLBI initiated the Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) program in 1971 to encourage translational 

research—converting basic science fi ndings to the clinic—in high priority areas. The SCOR concept emphasized multidisciplinary research (i.e., basic science and clinical investigations) on diseases relevant to the Institute’s mission. In 

FY 2002, the NHLBI revised its SCOR program—primarily on recommendation from the NHLBAC—to place more 

emphasis on clinical research projects. The SCCOR program still requires clinical and basic scientists to work together 

on a unifi ed theme, but also requires at least 50 percent of the projects to be clinical. The SCOR program ended in 

FY 2008.

A description of the SCCORs supported by the Institute follows. 
 98 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 Basic and Translational Research Program (U54)

 The NHLBI reconfi gured the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers program into a Basic and Translational Research 

Program (BTRP). The Program emphasizes fundamental investigations and their translation into initial studies in 

humans, as well as community translation to promote evidence-based clinical practice. The BTRP continues to support the Sickle Cell Disease Scholars program for the career development of young investigators and the Summer-forSickle Cell-Science program for research training and mentoring of high-school students. These components are part 

of a larger effort by the NHLBI to prepare the next generation of scientists to advance the fi eld of SCD research.

 Obligation

 Fiscal Year 2011—$5,901,312

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

 1. Thomas Jefferson University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-070585

 2. Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc.

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-070587

 3. University of Texas, Southwest Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-070588

 4. St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-070590

 5. Boston Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-070819

 6. Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-070871

Centers for Advanced Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics in Lung Diseases (CADET) (P50)

The purpose of this program is to accelerate the development of novel agents for the diagnosis and treatment of 

lung diseases and sleep disordered breathing through the use of rational strategies based on fundamental pathobiologic 

processes. CADET I provides opportunities to explore potential targets for validation to determine which are amenable for development of mechanism-based modalities for direct clinical application in the prevention, diagnosis, and 

treatment of pulmonary diseases and sleep disordered breathing.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2011—$9,000,370

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-107159

 2. University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois —HL-107160

 3. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-107165

 4. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-107166

 5. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-107168

 6. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-107169

 7. University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois —HL-107171

 8. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-107172

 9. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-107177

 10. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-107180

 11. University of Alabama, Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-107181

 12. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-107182

 13. Washington University

Saint Louis, Missouri —HL-107183

14. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-107185

15. University of Texas Health Center at Tyler

Tyler, Texas —HL-107186

16. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-107188

17. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-107190

18. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-107191

19. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-107192
 99 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

Cardiac Translational Research Implementation Program (C-TRIP) (P20)

The C-TRIP program was initiated in FY 2010 to accelerate the translation of promising new therapeutic interventions derived from fundamental research discoveries for the treatment and prevention of heart failure or arrhythmias. 

The program consists of two stages. Stage 1 focuses on planning and developing clinical trials to determine the safety 

and effi cacy of interventions to be conducted during Stage 2 of the overall program. Stage 2 studies will be supported 

by the P50 mechanism. 

 7. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-090503

 8. Howard University

Washington, DC —HL-090508

 9. Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-090511

10. University of Illinois, at Chicago

Chicago, Illinois —HL-090513

 11. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-090515

 12. Virginia Commonwealth University

Richmond, Virginia —HL-090516

13. University of Miami, School of Medicine

Coral Gables, Florida —HL-090569

Obligation

Fiscal Year 2011—$8,592,776

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Mount Sinai School of Medicine 

 New York, New York —HL-100396

 2. Johns Hopkins University

 Baltimore, Maryland —HL-101397

 3. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

 Boston, Massachusetts —HL-101408

 4. University of Medicine and Dentistry 

 of New Jersey

 New Jersey Medical School

 Newark, New Jersey —HL-101420

 5. Vanderbilt University

 Nashville, Tennessee —HL-101425

 6. University of Maryland, Baltimore

 Baltimore, Maryland —HL-101434

 7. University of Colorado, Denver

 Aurora, Colorado —HL-101435

 8. Texas Heart Institute

 Houston, Texas —HL-101438

 9. Mayo Clinic

 Rochester, Minnesota —HL-101439

 10. University of Miami School of Medicine

 Miami, Florida — HL-101443

 11. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-101820

 12. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

 Boston, Massachusetts —HL-101866
 100 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 Centers for AIDS Research (P30) Program

 The NHLBI, along with fi ve other NIH Institutes, contributes to the support of six Centers for AIDS Research that 

were established to provide a multidisciplinary environment that promotes basic, clinical, behavioral, and translational 

research activities in the prevention, detection, and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Almost half of the patient 

population comes from minority groups.

 Obligations

 Fiscal Year 2011—$3,333,747

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —AI-027757

 2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —AI-027763

 3. University of Alabama, Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —AI-027767

 4. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —AI-028697

 5. Baylor University

Houston, Texas —AI-036211

 6. University of California, La Jolla

La Jolla, California —AI-036214

 7. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —AI-036219

 8. University of Massachusetts, Worcester 

Worcester, Massachusetts —AI-042845

 9. Miriam Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island —AI-042853

 10. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —AI-045008

 11. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —AI-050409

 12. University of North Carolina, 

Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —AI-050410

 13. Yeshiva University

New York, New York —AI-051519

 14. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —AI-054999

 15. Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts —AI-060354

 16. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —AI-064518

17. University of Miami 

School of Medicine 

Coral Gables, Florida —AI-073961

18. University of Rochester 

Rochester, New York —AI-078498

19. Rush University Medical Center 

Chicago, Illinois —AI-082151

20. George Washington University 

Washington, DC —AI-087714 
 101 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts 

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

Other R&D

Contracts

Major ContractSupported Clinical

Trials*

 NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

 Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 Heart $184,491 $214,971 $258,647 $245,881 $219,796 $213,320 $260,205 $296,445 $321,223 $303,251 $299,201

 Lung 10,993 16,578 11,745 14,131 20,946 25,902 15,191 20,249 17,710 47,777 25,338

 Blood 24,572 26,751 20,082 25,460 27,831 23,629 20,446 22,093 22,164 28,864 43,752

 Total $220,056A $258,300B $290,474C $285,472D $268,573E $262,851F $295,842G $338,787H $361,097I $379,892J $368,291K

 A Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $24,579,000.

 B Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $35,827,000.

 C Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $54,550,000.

 D Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $57,545,722.

 E Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $64,399,000.

 F Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $67,795,000.

 G Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $68,405,000.

H Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $77,487,000.

I Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $79,693,000.

J Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $83,834,100.

K Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $88,024,222.

 Note: From 2001 to 2006 the WHI was reported separately. In this table, it has been incorporated in the “Heart” line.

 10. Research and Development Contracts 

 Dollars (Millions) 

 NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations:* Fiscal Years 2001–2011 

 * For detailed data on contract-supported clinical trials, see Chapter 11. 

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Other R&D

Contracts

Major ContractSupported Clinical 

Trials
 102 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts 

 Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program

 Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 201 1 

 Total FY 2011 

Obligations 

 Total Obligations 

to Date 

 Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Follow-Up 

Study (ACCORDION) — $13,250,149 $13,250,149 

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) 157,168,999 15,012,384 172,181,383

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) 79,555,913 576,600 80,132,513

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) 99,138,459 9,901,825 109,040,284

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping 29,209,023 9,274,939 38,483,962

Framingham Heart Study (FHS) 115,709,281 16,664,505 132,373,786

Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Other 

Cardiovascular Conditions (GenTAC): National Registry 11,115,085 3,763,038 14,878,123

Global Health Centers of Excellence 14,399,764 2,607,272 17,007,036

Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS) 51,468,540 5,175,848 56,644,388

Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support 

(INTERMACS) 7,826,196 5,299,999 13,126,195

Jackson Heart Study (JHS) 38,494,257 4,882,541 43,376,798

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 102,979,420 5,815,507 108,794,927

NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program (GTRP) 21,753,472 7,435,505 29,188,977

NHLBI Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology 65,777,271 966,068 66,743,339

Proteomics Initiative 174,518,757 17,123,612 191,642,369

Pumps for Kids, Infants, and Neonates (PumpKIN) 8,388,522 10,163,382 18,551,904

Science Moving TowArds Research Translation and Therapy 

Program (SMARTT) — 4,145,344 4,145,344

 Lung Diseases 

Lung Tissue Research Consortium 30,000,000 7,852,716 37,852,716

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD 

Study (SPIROMICS) 30,042,319 2,655,398 32,697,717

 Blood Diseases and Resources 

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository 19,332,708 3,209,369 22,542,077

NHLBI–CDC Registry and Surveillance System in 

Hemoglobinopathies (RuSH) 6,419,918 4,208,761 10,628,679

Production Assistance for Cellular Therapies (PACT) 10,826,333 11,472,212 22,298,545

Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Study III (REDS-III)* — 19,910,527 19,910,527

* Formerly known as Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study. 
 103 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts 

Heart and Vascular Diseases 

 Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk in 

Diabetes Follow-Up Study (ACCORDION), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of the follow-up observational study 

(ACCORDION) is to obtain long-term (10 year average) 

data on ACCORD participants. Investigators are seeking to determine whether differences in mortality, CVD 

events, and microvascular diseases identifi ed during the 

ACCORD trial persist or change over time and whether 

other differences will emerge. They will monitor longterm vascular outcomes from diabetes and the effects of 

glucose, blood pressure lowering, and lipid treatment on 

those outcomes.

ACCORD was a randomized clinical trial to evaluate 

the ability of three treatment strategies (intensive glycemic control, intensive blood pressure control, and fi brate 

treatment to raise HDL-cholesterol and lower triglycerides) to prevent major CVD events in patients with type 

2 diabetes who were at high risk of CVD. 

After a mean 3.5 years of treatment, the intensive 

glycemic portion of the trial was stopped because 

patients in the intensive glycemic treatment group had 

an increased risk of all-cause mortality compared with 

patients in the standard treatment group even though 

they had a non-statistically signifi cant 10 percent reduction in the composite primary outcome of nonfatal MI, 

nonfatal stroke, or CVD death. Participants in the intensive group were then transitioned to the standard treatment strategy. Initial follow-up found no overall benefi t 

of intensive treatment (intensive blood pressure control 

or fi brate and statin) over standard treatment (normal 

blood pressure or statin).

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$13,250,149

Total Funding to Date—$13,250,149*

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 

Albuquerque 

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HC-10100

 2. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 

Memphis 

Memphis, Tennessee —HC-90350

 3. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95178

 4. McMaster University 

Hamilton, Ontario —HC-95179

 5. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HC-95180

 6. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HC-95181

 7. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95182

 8. Minneapolis Medical Research 

Foundation 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95183

 9. Trustees of Columbia University of 

New York

New York, New York —HC-95184

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1985

The ARIC is an epidemiology study comprising a 

prospective cohort component and a community surveillance component. The cohort component investigates 

the etiology of CHD and stroke in 15,792 participants, 

aged 46–64 years at baseline, by race and gender in four 

U.S. communities. The community surveillance component monitors trends in hospitalized myocardial infarction, fatal CHD, and heart failure (2005–2009) from the 

same communities. 

In 2011, the study began to reexamine the cohort participants with a focus on heart failure—a major epidemic 

in the rapidly aging U.S. population. Three of the cohort 

components represent the racial mix of their respective 

communities, and the fourth is exclusively black. 

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$15,012,384

 Fiscal Years 1985–2010—$157,168,999

 Total Funding to Date—$172,181,383

 Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. University of North Carolina at

Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55015

 2. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HC-55016

 3. University of North Carolina at

Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55018

 4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-55019

* Total funding for ACCORD was $142,587,546 from 1999 to 2010.
 104 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts 

 5. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-55020

 6. Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-55021

 7. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-55273

 Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1988 

 The CHS is a population-based, longitudinal study of 

risk factors for development and progression of CHS and 

stroke in the elderly, 17 percent of whom are from minority populations. Extensive data and samples have been 

collected from nearly 6,000 participants since 1989–1990. 

The current CHS: Transition Phase provides partial support for an infrastructure to enable continued access to 

study resources and expertise, scientifi c collaborations, 

and mentorship of early-career investigators. 

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$576,600

 Fiscal Years 1988–2010—$79,555,913

 Total Funding to Date—$80,132,513

 Current Active Organization and Contract Number

 1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —268200800007C

 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young 

Adults (CARDIA), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1984

 The CARDIA is a long-term study that examines the 

evolution of CVD risk factors and early clinical events 

in persons aged 18–30 years in 1985–1986. The study 

examines risk factors for heart and lung diseases by 

collecting information on body mass index, physical 

activity and lifestyle, genetics, cognitive functioning, 

serologic and metabolic components, infl ammatory 

markers, and other subclinical measures of disease. 

Fifty percent of the participants are black.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$9,901,825

 Fiscal Years 1984–2010—$99,138,459

 Total Funding to Date—$109,040,284

 Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-45241 

 2. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-48047

 3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-48048

 4. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-48049

 5. Kaiser Permanente Division of Research

Oakland, California —HC-48050

 6. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-95095

 DNA Resequencing and Genotyping Program, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

 The purpose of this program is to provide high-quality, 

high-volume resequencing and genotyping of candidate 

genomic regions potentially important in the disease 

pathways of heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders. The information obtained will enable ongoing 

investigations to elucidate the specifi c genetic components involved in the causes for, variable outcomes of, 

and progression of the diseases and disorders.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$9,274,939

 Fiscal Years 2004–2010—$29,209,023

 Total Funding to Date—$38,483,962

 Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. Systems Research and Applications 

International, Inc.

Rockville, Maryland —268201100029C 

 2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —268201100037C

 Framingham Heart Study (FHS), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1948

 The original Framingham Heart Study was designed 

as a longitudinal investigation of constitutional and environmental factors infl uencing the development of CVD 

in individuals free of CVD symptoms at the outset. Of 

the original 5,209 participants, about 150 are still alive. 

In 1971, the Framingham Offspring Study was initiated 

to assess familial and genetic factors associated with 

CHD. More than 5,000 offspring (and their spouses) 

were included. In 2002, a third-generation cohort consisting of approximately 4,000 grandchildren was added 
 105 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts 

to permit examination of numerous hypotheses about 

the genetic contribution to CVD and CVD risk factors. 

Additional goals include identifying new risk factors for 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and developing 

new imaging tests that can detect very early stages of 

coronary atherosclerosis in otherwise healthy adults. 

In 2009, the Omni Group 1 and Omni Group 2 

cohorts were integrated into the NHLBI contract for the 

FHS. The Omni cohorts consist of minority residents 

of Framingham, Massachusetts (about 500 and 400 participants in Omni Group 1 and Omni Group 2, respectively), and were previously identifi ed, recruited, and 

examined through NHLBI investigator-initiated grants. 

They were added to the FHS to refl ect the growing 

diversity of the community.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$16,664,505

 Fiscal Years 1983–2010—$115,709,281

 Total Funding to Date—$132,373,786

 Current Active Organization and Contract Number

 1. Boston University Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-25195

 Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic 

Aneurysms and Other Cardiovascular 

Conditions (GenTAC): National Registry, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

 The purpose of this program is to improve the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic 

aneurysms and other cardiovascular complications 

associated with connective tissue diseases, such as 

Marfan, Loeys-Dietz, and Ehlers Danlos (vascular type) 

Syndromes. The GenTAC is establishing a medical 

database and biospecimens repository as a resource for 

qualifi ed investigators to study the link between genes 

and aortic aneurysms and heart disease.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$3,763,038

 Fiscal Years 2006–2010—$11,115,085

 Total Funding to Date—$14,878,123

 Current Active Organization and Contract Number

 1. Research Triangle Institute International

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina —HV-08238

Global Health Centers of Excellence, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this program is to support a worldwide network of research and training centers to prevent and control chronic cardiovascular and pulmonary 

diseases in developing countries. The NHLBI joined 

with Minneapolis-based UnitedHealth Group’s Chronic 

Disease Initiative in establishing the UnitedHealth and 

NHLBI Collaborating Centers of Excellence network. 

Each center is led by a research institution in a developing country that is paired with at least one partner 

academic institution in a developed country to enhance 

research and training opportunities.

Obligations

Funding History 

Fiscal Year 2011—$2,607,272 

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$14,399,764

Total Funding to Date—$17,007,036

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. The George Institute for International 

Health, China

Beijing, China —HV-98217

 2. Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América

y Panamá

Guatemala City, Guatemala —HV-98218

 3. University of Cape Town

Cape Town, South Africa —HV-98220

 4. Moi University School of Medicine

Eldoret, Kenya —HV-98221

 5. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

Lima, Peru —HV-98223

 Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

 The purpose of this program is to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for cardiovascular and lung 

diseases in Hispanic populations and the role of cultural 

adaptation and disparities in development of these and 

other chronic diseases. The multicenter, 6.5-year epidemiology study comprises more than 16,400 Hispanics, 

aged 18–74 years, who self-identify as being of 

Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, or Central 

or South American heritage. 

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$5,175,848

 Fiscal Years 2006–2010—$51,468,540

 Total Funding to Date—$56,644,388
 106 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts 

 Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. University of North Carolina at

Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-65233

 2. University of Miami

Miami, Florida —HC-65234

 3. Albert Einstein College of Medicine 

New York, New York —HC-65235

 4. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-65236

 5. San Diego State University

San Diego, California —HC-65237

Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory 

Support (INTERMACS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2005

The INTERMACS is a national registry for patients 

who are receiving mechanical circulatory support 

device (MCSD) therapy to treat advanced heart failure. 

The registry collects and analyzes clinical and laboratory data and tissue samples from patients who receive 

MCSDs as destination therapy for end-stage heart failure at 119 participating sites. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$5,299,999

Fiscal Years 2005–2010—$7,826,196

Total Funding to Date—$13,126,195

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

 1. University of Alabama 

Birmingham, Alabama —HV-58198

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1998

The JHS is an epidemiologic study of CVD in blacks 

in Jackson, Mississippi, similar to established studies 

in Framingham, Massachusetts, and Honolulu, Hawaii. 

The goal of the study is to identify factors related to the 

development and progression of CVD in blacks. The 

JHS conducts a variety of community education and outreach activities to promote healthy lifestyles to reduce 

disease burden. In addition, the JHS seeks to build 

research capabilities in minority institutions, address the 

critical shortage of minority investigators in epidemiology and prevention, and reduce barriers to dissemination 

and use of health information in a minority population.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$4,882,541

 Fiscal Years 1998–2010—$38,494,257

 Total Funding to Date—$43,376,798

 Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. Jackson State University

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95170

 2. Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95171

 3. Tougaloo College

Tougaloo, Mississippi —HC-95172

 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and progression of subclinical CVD 

(i.e., disease detected noninvasively before it has produced clinical signs and symptoms). The cohort of 

6,814 participants is 38 percent white, 28 percent black, 

22 percent Hispanic, and 12 percent Asian. A fi fth 

examination, completed in November 2011, included 

a repeat measurement of cardiac function with MRI to 

assess changes over time. Periodic monitoring of participants to identify recent hospitalizations and other 

clinical events will continue.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$5,815,507

 Fiscal Years 1999–2010—$102,979,420

 Total Funding to Date—$108,794,927

 Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-95159

 2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95162

 3. University of Vermont

Colchester, Vermont —HC-95166

 4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95168

 NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program 

(GTRP), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

 The purpose of this program is to promote the translation of basic research into clinical trials. The program provides resources in the form of preclinical and clinical-grade 

vector production; pharmacology and toxicology testing 
 107 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts 

on animals; immunology testing; clinical trials funding assistance; and regulatory support for gene therapy 

research primarily in heart, lung, and blood diseases.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$7,435,505

 Fiscal Years 2008–2010—$21,753,472

 Total Funding to Date—$29,188,977

 Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. Social and Scientifi c Systems, Inc.

Silver Spring, Maryland —HV-78200

 2. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HV-78202

 3. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HV-78203

 4. Indiana University

Indianapolis, Indiana —HV-78204

 NHLBI Programs of Excellence in 

Nanotechnology,* Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010 

The purpose of this program is to support multidisciplinary teams to develop nanotechnology and 

biomolecular engineering tools and methodologies for 

the diagnosis and treatment of heart, lung, and blood 

diseases. The focus of this phase of the program is 

to translate the technologies being developed toward 

clinical application. The program brings together bioengineers, chemists, material scientists, biologists, and 

clinicians across 17 institutions for unique scientifi c collaborations and skills development opportunities. 

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$966,068 

Fiscal Year 2010—$65,777,271

Total Funding to Date—$66,743,339

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

 1. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —268201000046C

 Proteomics Initiative, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

 The purpose of this program is to establish highly 

interactive, multidisciplinary centers to enhance and 

develop innovative proteomic technologies directed to 

relevant biologic questions associated with heart, lung, 

blood, and sleep health and disease. 

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$17,123,612

 Fiscal Years 2002–2010—$174,518,757

 Total Funding to Date—$191,642,369

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. Boston University 

Boston, Massachusetts —268201000031C

 2. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —268201000032C

 3. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —268201000033C

 4. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —268201000034C

 5. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —268201000035C

 6. University of Texas 

San Antonio, Texas —268201000036C

 7. University of Texas 

Galveston, Texas —268201000037C

Pumps for Kids, Infants, and Neonates 

(PumpKIN), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this program is to support technologies that will expand life-saving options for infants and 

children who are born with congenital heart defects or 

those who develop heart failure. Investigators are seeking to complete animal studies and other preclinical tests 

for the most promising devices in order to gain approval 

from the FDA to begin clinical testing.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$10,163,382

Fiscal Year 2010—$8,388,522

Total Funding to Date—$18,551,904

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —268201000012C

 2. Jarvik Heart, Inc. 

New York, New York —268201000013C

 3. University of Maryland 

Baltimore, Maryland —268201000014C

 4. Ension, Inc. 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —268201000015C

* NHLBI Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology was a cooperative agreement from 2005 to 2009.
 108 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts 

Science Moving TowArds Research Translation 

and Therapy Program (SMARTT), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this program is to support the transition of potential new therapies for heart, lung, and blood 

diseases from discovery in the lab to the testing needed 

to establish their safety and effectiveness in people. The 

SMARTT program provides tailored pharmacology and 

toxicology testing, manufacturing services, and regulatory support to investigators to expedite the transition of 

their discoveries to the clinic.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$4,145,344

Total Funding to Date—$4,145,344

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. Advanced BioScience 

Laboratories, Inc.

Rockville, Maryland —268201100014C

 2. SRI International

Menlo Park, California —268201100015C

 3. Research Triangle Institute 

International

Research Triangle Park, 

North Carolina —268201100016C

 4. SRI International 

Menlo Park, California —268201000017C

 Lung Diseases

 Lung Tissue Research Consortium, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

 The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium for collecting lung tissues and preparing and 

distributing them for research. Scientists are seeking 

to improve management of lung diseases by increasing 

understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of lung 

diseases through molecular histopathological studies of 

tissues with and without disease. Primary emphases are 

on COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fi brosis.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$7,852,716

 Fiscal Years 2004–2010—$30,000,000

 Total Funding to Date—$37,852,716

 Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. University of Colorado 

Health Science Center

Denver, Colorado —HR-46159

 2. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-46207 

 3. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester, New York —HR-46208

 4. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-46210

 5. Clinical Trials and Survey Corporation

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-46211

 6. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester, New York —HR-46212

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome 

Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purposes of this study are to defi ne pathogenetically homogeneous subgroups of COPD subjects on the 

basis of biomarkers, genotypes, and computed tomography images and to identify immediate outcome measures for use in future clinical studies. Secondary aims 

are to clarify the natural history of COPD; develop bioinformatic resources that will enable the use and sharing 

of data in studies of COPD and related diseases; and create a collection of clinical, biomarker, radiographic, and 

genetic data that can be used by external investigators 

for other studies of COPD.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$2,655,398

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$30,042,319

Total Funding to Date—$32,697,717

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HR-96199

 2. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —HR-96200

 3. Columbia University 

New York, New York —HR-96201

 4. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-96202

 5. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-96203

 6. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HR-96204

 7. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HR-96206
 109 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts 

 Blood Diseases and Resources

 Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen 

Repository, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1998

 The purpose of this project is to establish an NHLBI 

Biological Specimen Repository for blood specimens 

from Institute-supported research. The Repository monitors storage, labeling, and testing of the specimens, and 

administers safe shipment of precise sample aliquots to 

approved investigators for future studies.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$3,209,369

 Fiscal Years 1998–2010—$19,332,708

 Total Funding to Date—$22,542,077

 Current Active Organization and Contract Number

 1. SeraCare Life Sciences, Inc.

Rockville, Maryland —HB-87144

NHLBI–CDC Registry and Surveillance System 

in Hemoglobinopathies (RuSH), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this pilot program is to test the feasibility of developing a national data system that will 

enable investigators to estimate the number of people 

who have SCD, thalassemias, and hemoglobinopathies 

and to describe their sociodemographic characteristics. 

The Institute, along with the CDC, has created newborn screening programs with State health departments 

in California, Florida, Georgia, Michigan, New York, 

North Carolina, and Pennsylvania.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$4,208,761 

Fiscal Year 2010—$6,419,918

Total Funding to Date—$10,628,679

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Atlanta, Georgia —HR-9045

Production Assistance for Cellular Therapies 

(PACT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this program is to facilitate the transfer of innovative cellular therapies from the bench to the 

bedside. The PACT offers assistance to investigators in 

areas ranging from translational development to production of a product for use in human clinical trials.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$11,472,212 

Fiscal Year 2010—$10,826,333

Total Funding to Date—$22,298,545

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. EMMES Corp. 

Rockville, Maryland —268201000006C

 2. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —268201000007C

 3. University of Minnesota 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —268201000008C

 4. Immune Disease Institutes 

Boston, Massachusetts —268201000009C

 5. University of Wisconsin 

Madison, Wisconsin —268201000010C

 6. Beckman Research Institutes 

Duarte, California —268201000011C

 Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Study-III 

(REDS-III),* Initiated in Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this program is to conduct research 

to improve transfusion practices and the safety and 

adequacy of the blood supply in the United States and in 

countries affected by the AIDS epidemic. The domestic 

component consists of four research hubs, and the international component consists of collaborators from blood 

centers in Brazil, China, and South Africa.

Building on the fi ndings of previous REDS and REDS 

II programs, the REDS-III international program focuses 

on identifying ways to reduce and prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS and other known and emerging infectious agents through transmission.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2011—$19,910,527

 Total Funding to Date—$1,910,527

* Formerly known as Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study. REDS: Total funding for FY 1989–2004, $73,774,125. REDS II: Total funding 

for FY 2005–2010, $53,016,894.
 110 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts 

 Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

 1. Blood System Research, Inc.

San Francisco, California —268201100001

 2. Research Triangle Institute, Inc.

Research Triangle Park, 

North Carolina —268201100002

 3. Blood Center of Southeastern 

Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —268201100003

 4. Institute for Transfusion Medicine 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —268201100004

 5. University of California, 

San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —268201100005

 6. Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut —268201100006

 7. Blood System Research, Inc. (Brazil)

San Francisco, California —268201100007

 8. Johns Hopkins University (China) 

Baltimore, Maryland —268201100008

 9. University of California, 

San Francisco (South Africa)

San Francisco, California —268201100009
111

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Infant Heart Surgery: Central Nervous 

System Sequelae of Circulatory Arrest

$ 75 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Women’s Health Study (WHS) — — — — 889 — 868 875 919 927 —

Women’s Antioxidant and Cardiovascular 

Study (WACS)

572 598 592 599 670 — — — — — —

Stress Reduction and Atherosclerotic CVD 

in Blacks

360 376 394 — — — — — — — —

Shock Trial: Should We Emergently 

Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for 

Cardiogenic Shock?

362 298 291 296 — — — — — — —

Women’s Estrogen/Progestin Lipid 

Lowering Hormone Atherosclerosis 

Regression Trial (WELL-HART)*

32 — — — — — — — — — —

Mode Selection Trial in Sinus Node 

Dysfunction (MOST)*

154 — — — — — — — — — —

Estrogen and Graft Atherosclerosis 

Research Trial (EAGER)* 371 — — — — — — — — — —

REMATCH Trial* 750 — — — — — — — — — —

Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake, and 

Blood Pressure (DASH Sodium)* **

151 387 376 395 — — — — — — —

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure 

Trial (SCD-HeFT)*

1,798 1,412 1,930 — — — — — — — —

CVD Risk and Health in Post-Menopausal 

Phytoestrogen Users

— 304 152 — — — — — — — —

Treatment of Hypertension With Two 

Exercise Intensities

420 — — — — — — — — — —

Prevention of Recurrent Venous 

Thromboembolism (PREVENT)

543 1,272 — — — — — — — — —

PREMIER: Lifestyle Interventions for 

Blood Pressure Control*

2,925 1,505 — — — — — — — — —

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study 

(ACES)*

720 1,254 1,137 — — — — — — — —

Antiarrhythmic Effects of N-3 Fatty Acids 529 647 — — — — — — — — —

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT)* 2,604 1,724 1,963 — — 963 1,452 1,277 1,270 1,033 —

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics 

(BARI 2D)*

6,515 9,342 8,189 8,265 8,304 8,592 2,647 1,971 1,130 — —

A clinical trial is defined as a scientific research 

study undertaken with human subjects to evaluate 

prospectively the diagnostic, prophylactic, or therapeutic effect of a drug, device, regimen, or procedure 

used or intended ultimately for use in the practice of 

medicine or the prevention of disease. A clinical trial 

is planned and conducted prospectively and includes 

a concurrent control group or other appropriate comparison group.

* Paid by U01/U10.

**Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
112

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery* 557 596 590 492 — — — — — — —

Angiotensin-II Blockade in Mitral 

Regurgitation

553 610 629 500 — — — — — — —

Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial 

(HART)

795 1,617 1,453 1,174 862 740 304 — — — —

Reduction of Triglycerides in Women on HRT 708 746 555 544 721 — 625 501 — — —

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE)* **

1,502 1,506 1,306 1,303 996 — — — — — —

ACE Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular Risk 

Factors

— 694 656 602 — — — — — — —

Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial 

Investigating Outcomes of Exercise 

(HF-ACTION)*

— 7,471 9,582 7,973 4,483 4,590 2,846 652 — — —

Clinical Trial of Dietary Protein on Blood 

Pressure

— 655 610 612 504 500 — — — — —

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial 

(HAT)*

— 3,567 5,433 4,264 1,801 2,115 — — — — —

Perioperative Interventional Neuroprotection 

Trial (POINT)

— 553 553 562 572 378 — — — — —

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics 

Study (SANDS)*

— 2,410 2,165 2,107 2,324 2,074 197 218 — — —

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH)*

— 5,709 6,542 1,613 6,082 5,583 9,396 3,639 727 1,233 352

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies 

(GEMS)*

— — 2,461 2,400 2,369 1,950 — — — — —

Treatment of Depression Following Bypass 

Surgery

— — 964 1,132 1,181 1,193 885 — — — —

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM)* — — 3,687 4,368 3,099 4,015 2,151 145 150 — —

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL)*

— — — 4,343 5,610 4,884 3,307 3,269 — 4,414 3,029

FREEDOM Trial: Future Revascularization 

Evaluation in Patients With Diabetes 

Mellitus: Optional Management of 

Multivessel Disease

— — — 3,663 4,669 — 5,180 2,818 1,658 3,429 2,755

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial 

Metabolic Enhancement During Initial 

Assessment and Treatment in Emergency 

Care*

— — — 5,170 9,514 10,966 — — — — —

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent 

Vascular Events* — — — — 663 6,324 6,018 1,380 2,324 6,927 1,089

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal 

Revascularization (CLEVER)* — — — — 1,368 1,478 1,898 — 1,822 1,080 1,371

Interventions To Control Obesity in College — — — — — 677 633 670 686 588 —

PACEmaker and Beta-Blocker Therapy 

Post-Myocardial Infarction (PACE-MI) — — — — — 1,300 4,555 384 — — —

Efficacy of Smoking Quit Line in the Military — — — — — — 739 720 731 — 723

* Paid by U01/U10.

**Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

Vest prevention of Early Sudden Death Trial 

(VEST) and PREDiction of ICd Therapies 

Studies (PREDICTS)*

— — — — — — 1,390 1,356 1,391 1,404 —

Randomized Trial of Interventions To Improve 

Warfarin Adherence

— — — — — — — 801 787 771 763

Planned Care for Obesity and Risk Reduction 

(Planned CORR)

— — — — — — — 784 770 769 768

Effects of Niacin on Lp(a), Oxidized LDL, and 

Inflammation on the AIM-HIGH Trial

— — — — — — — 302 312 383 —

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE) Coronary Vascular Dysfunction

— — — — — — — 776 742 745 761

Rule-Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computer 

Assisted Tomography (ROMICAT II)* — — — — — — — — 2,112 2,307 367

Collaborative Model To Improve BP Control 

and Minimize Racial Disparities — — — — — — — — 1,963 1,938 1,852

Multiscale Model of the Human Heart for 

Imaging Research

— — — — — — — — 566 503 498

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug 

Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation (CABANA)* — — — — — — — — 2,941 3,045 3,033

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric 

Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA)* — — — — — — — — 3,648 2,285 4,402

Vitamin D and Omega 3 Trial (VITAL)* — — — — — — — — 1,260 1,248 1,210

Late Sodium Blockade in High-Risk ICD 

Patients* — — — — — — — — — 2,280 —

Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial — — — — — — — — — — 1,376

Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on 

Cardiometabolic Risk in School Children

— — — — — — — — — — 552

Lifestyle, CVD Risk, and Cognitive 

Impairment

— — — — — — — — — — 785

ISCHEMIA Trial (International Study of 

Comparative Effectiveness with Medical 

Invasive Approaches)

— — — — — — — — — — 6,672

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 22,996 45,253 52,210 52,377 56,681 58,312 45,091 22,538 27,909 37,309 32,358

Lung Diseases

Lung Health Study III* ** 1,672 927 — — — — — — — — —

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN)* ** 5,705 5,863 — — — — — — — — —

Fetal Tracheal Occlusion for Severe 

Diaphragmatic Hernia*

181 — — — — — — — — — —

Scleroderma Lung Study* 1,761 1,501 1,055 — — 71 — — — — —

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Prevention of 

Chronic Lung Disease*

1,803 1,764 1,442 1,245 — — — — — — —

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic 

Lung Disease*

1,839 1,604 903 — — — — — — — —

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis II (PIOPED II)*

3,388 472 — — — — — — — — —

* Paid by U01/U10.

**Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Lung Diseases (continued)

Randomized Trial To Reduce ETS in 

Children With Asthma

468 277 — — — — — — — — —

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term 

Efficacy Study (APPLES)*

— 3,224 3,021 3,110 3,188 — 1,532 — — — —

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program-Continuation Study (CAMPCS)/Phase II* **

— — 1,489 2,043 2,623 2,750 — — — — —

Acid Reflux Therapy in Asthma* — — 736 783 791 773 662 — — — —

Impact of CPAP on Functional Outcomes 

in Milder Obstructive Sleep Apnea 

(CATNAP)

— — 682 612 608 694 — — — — —

Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older 

Men

— — 4,163 4,262 1,390 1,142 910 — — — —

Supplemental Selenium and Vitamin E 

and Pulmonary Function

— — 698 610 630 605 561 — — — —

Improving Asthma Care in Minority 

Children in Head Start

— — — 721 826 1,004 779 — — — —

Randomized Controlled Study of 

Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood 

Sleep Apnea

— — — — — 2,255 2,388 1,346 2,501 1,675 —

Early Insulin Therapy and Development 

of ARDS

— — — — — — 489 454 464 417 386

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program—Continuation Study 

(CAMP-CS)/Phase III* **

— — — — — — 2,077 1,966 1,146 2,065 —

Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic 

Fibrosis (ISIS)*

— — — — — — — 732 737 776 628

Scleroderma Lung Study II — — — — — — — 2,281 2,297 2,252 2,268

Sedation Management in Pediatric 

Patients With Acute Respiratory 

Failure*

— — — — — — — 568 3,885 3,327 2,181

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids 

(STAN)* 

— — — — — — — — 725 725 725

Outpatient Treatment of Low-Risk 

Patients With Pulmonary Embolism

— — — — — — — — 755 349 —

Translating COPD Guidelines Into 

Primary Care Practice

— — — — — — — — 733 719 —

Family Intervention for Pediatric Asthma 

Self-Management in Puerto Ricans 

— — — — — — — — 225 187 —

Physical Activity Self-Management in 

Patients With COPD 

— — — — — — — — 663 660 655

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma 

(SOYA)* 

— — — — — — — — 775 697 689

Trial of Late Surfactant To Prevent 

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 

(TOLSURF)* 

— — — — — — — — 1,987 1,779 1,807

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin 

D Supplementation To Prevent 

Childhood Asthma*

— — — — — — — — 2,510 2,466 2,469

* Paid by U01/U10.

**Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Fiscal Year

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Lung Diseases (continued)

Effects of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy on 

Pulmonary Function

— — — — — — — — 614 516 552

Randomized Trial of Antenatal Late 

Preterm Steroids (ALPS)*

— — — — — — — — — 2,134 2,137

Vitamin D Supplementation in 

Pregnancy: Impact on Neonatal 

Immune Phenotype

— — — — — — — — — 323 311

Role of Beta-Catenin in Epithelial Repair 

in Acute Lung Injury

— — — — — — — — — 125 125

Mechanisms of Familial Pulmonary 

Fibrosis

— — — — — — — — — 2,330 2,252

Multicomponent Intervention 

To Decrease COPD-Related 

Hospitalizations

— — — — — — — — — 412 470

Heart and Lung Failure-Pediatric Insulin 

Titration (HALF-PINT)

— — — — — — — — — — 2,685

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 17,076 18,974 15,639 14,289 10,056 9,294 9,398 7,347 20,017 23,934 20,340

Blood Diseases and Resources

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(STOP 2)*

4,200 3,166 3,168 2,366 — — — — — — —

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle 

Cell Anemia*

489 525 527 551 — — — — — — —

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and 

Transplantation* 1,222 1,224 1,286 1,353 — — — — — — —

FOCUS* — — 1,639 1,796 2,923 2,446 1,974 — — — —

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea (SWiTCH)*

— — — — 3,345 3,932 3,531 3,828 3,216 1,778 —

Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients 

Requiring Temporary Interruption 

of Warfarin Therapy for an Elective 

Procedure or Surgery (BRIDGE) 

Trial*

— — — — — — — 4,632 5,673 5,227 —

Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus 

Removal With Adjunctive 

Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis 

(ATTRACT)* ** 

— — — — — — — 2,071 2,108 2,094 244

Transcranial Doppler With Transfusions 

Changing to Hydroxyurea (TWiTCH)

— — — — — — — — 4,176 4,177 4,391

Impact of Blood Storage Duration on 

Physiologic Measures: RECESS 

Ancillary Study

— — — — — — — — — — 389

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 4,877 4,917 5,772 6,066 6,268 6,378 5,505 10,531 15,173 13,663 5,024

Total, NHLBI $44,949 $69,144 $73,621 $72,732 $73,005 $73,984 $59,994 $40,416 $63,099 $74,906 $57,722

* Paid by U01/U10.

**Formerly known as Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute DVT–ATTRACT Trial.

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)
116

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2011: Summary by Program

Total Obligations 

Prior to 2011

FY 2011 

Obligations

Total Obligation 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent Vascular Events* $23,637,416 $1,088,603 $24,726,019

Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial* — 1,375,726 1,375,726 

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL)* 25,827,224 3,029,201 28,856,425

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial 

Fibrillation Trial (CABANA)*

5,985,643 3,032,875 9,018,518

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization 

(CLEVER)*

7,647,416 1,371,307 9,018,723

Collaborative Model To Improve BP Control and Minimize Racial 

Disparities

3,900,897 1,852,389 5,753,286

Efficacy of Smoking Quit Line in the Military 2,189,732 723,167 2,912,899

FREEDOM Trial: Future Revascularization Evaluation in Patients With 

Diabetes Mellitus: Optimal Management of Multivessel Disease

21,417,459 2,754,827 24,172,286

Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk in 

School Children

— 552,019 552,019

Interventions To Improve Warfarin Adherence 2,358,416 763,252 3,121,668

ISCHEMIA Trial (International Study of Comparative Effectiveness 

with Medical Invasive Approaches)

— 6,671,629 6,671,629

Lifestyle, CVD Risk, and Cognitive Impairment — 784,998 784,998

Multiscale Model of the Human Heart for Imaging Research 1,068,817 498,049 1,566,866

Planned Care for Obesity and Risk Reduction (Planned CORR) 2,323,037 767,849 3,090,886

Rule-Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computer Assisted Tomography 

(ROMICAT II)*

4,419,188 366,525 4,785,713

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH)* 40,041,062 352,198 40,393,260

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA)* 5,933,723 4,401,772 10,335,495

Vitamin D and Omega 3 Trial (VITAL)* 2,507,778 1,210,345 3,718,123

Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Coronary Vascular 

Dysfunction

2,262,918 760,707 3,023,625

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 151,520,726 32,357,438 183,878,164

Lung Diseases

Early Insulin Therapy and Development of ARDS 1,824,699 386,117 2,210,816

Effects of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy on Pulmonary Function 1,129,948 552,353 1,682,301

Heart and Lung Failure-Pediatric Insulin Trial (HALF-PINT) — 2,685,460 2,685,460

Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic Fibrosis (ISIS)* 2,244,874 628,241 2,873,115

Mechanisms of Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis 2,330,347 2,251,871 4,582,218

Multicomponent Intervention To Decrease COPD-Related 

Hospitalizations

411,777 469,910 881,687

Physical Activity Self-Management in Patients With COPD 1,323,114 654,594 1,977,708

Randomized Trial of Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids (ALPS)* 2,133,947 2,137,414 4,271,361

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation To Prevent 

Childhood Asthma*

4,975,916 2,469,339 7,445,255

Role of Beta-Catenin in Epithelial Repair in Acute Lung Injury 125,172 125,172 250,344

* Paid by U01/U10.

**Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2011: Summary by Program (continued)

Total Obligations 

Prior to 2011

FY 2011 

Obligations

Total Obligation 

to Date

Lung Diseases (continued)

Scleroderma Lung Study II 6,828,804 2,267,789 9,096,593

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With Acute Respiratory 

Failure*

7,779,116 2,181,199 9,960,315

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN)* 1,449,536 724,884 2,174,420

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma (SOYA)* 1,471,854 688,673 2,160,527

Trial of Late Surfactant To Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 

(TOLSURF)*

3,765,851 1,807,148 5,572,999

Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnancy: Impact on Neonatal Immune 

Phenotype

323,300 311,250 634,550

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 38,118,255 20,341,414 58,459,669

Blood Diseases and Resources

Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus Removal with Adjunctive 

Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis (ATTRACT)* **

6,272,537 243,775 6,516,312

Impact of Blood Storage Duration on Physiologic Measures: RECESS 

Ancillary Study

386,523 389,405 775,928

Transcranial Doppler With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea 

(TWiTCH)

8,353,426 4,390,891 12,744,317

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 15,012,486 5,024,071 20,036,557

TOTAL, NHLBI $204,651,467 $57,722,923 $262,374,390

* Paid by U01/U10.

**Formerly known as Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute DVT–ATTRACT Trial.
118

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Contracts

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Antihypertensive and LipidLowering Treatment To Prevent 

Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)

7,000 3,980 2,761 3,346 — — — — — 1,235 971

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary 

Heart Disease Patients 

(ENRICHD)

596 425 70 — — — — — — — —

Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up: 

Investigation in Rhythm 

Management (AFFIRM)

2,401 802 — — — — — — — — —

Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and 

Estrogen Trial (WAVE)

756 — 32 — — — — — — — —

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome 

Evaluation (WISE)

10 50 — — — — — — — — —

Prevention of Events With 

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 

Inhibitor Therapy (PEACE)

— 2,849 558 — — — — — — — —

Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) — 238 — — — — — — — — —

Evaluation Study of Congestive 

Heart Failure and Pulmonary 

Artery Catheterization 

Effectiveness (ESCAPE)

— 1,129 — — — 311 — — — — —

Action To Control Cardiovascular 

Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD)

— 1,750 18,521 33,779 26,126 — 19,484 16,343 15,461 403 —

Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) 

Community Trial

3,058 1,101 — — — — — — — — —

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonist 

Therapy in Adults With Preserved 

Ejection Fraction Congestive Heart 

Failure (TOPCAT)

— — — 837 5,162 5,480 2,218 7,912 4,408 898 —

Women’s Health Initiative 59,200 59,010 63,222 57,483 37,826 12,124 14,873 22,609 30,615 2,409 22,766

Randomized Evaluation of VAD 

InterVEntion before Inotropic 

Therapy (REVIVE-IT)

— — — — — — — — — — 4,953

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention 

Trial (SPRINT)

— — — — — — — — 3,057 29,374 —

Clarification of Optimal 

Anticoagulation Through Genetics 

(COAG)*

— — — — — — — 2,637 3,530 — 6,760

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 73,021 71,334 85,164 95,445 69,114 17,915 36,575 49,501 57,071 34,319 35,450

Lung Diseases

Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiac 

Complications of HIV Infection 

(P2C2)

— 113 — — — — — — — — —

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program (CAMP)

1,330 2,786 2,287 1,475 599 — — — — — —

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 

Clinical Network (ARDSNet)

2,667 1,502 4,402 5,517 4,707 7,396 5,037 1,992 6,195 7,208 5,096

* Formerly known as Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin Therapy.
119

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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 (continued)

Contracts (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Lung Diseases (continued)

National Emphysema 

Treatment Trial (NETT)

6,989 7,910 1,630 1,648 357 — — — 285 — —

Feasibility of Retinoid 

Treatment in Emphysema 

(FORTE)

— 2,429 725 507 185 — — — — — —

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment 

Trial (LOTT)

— — — — — — 6,208 10,042 202 4,335 4,378

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 10,986 14,740 9,044 9,147 5,848 7,396 11,245 12,034 6,682 11,543 9,474

Blood Diseases and Resources

T-Cell Depletion in 

Unrelated Donor Marrow 

Transplantation

1,144 557 774 164 — — — — — — —

Cord Blood Stem Cell 

Transplantation Study 

(COBLT)

1,846 2,166 588 707 822 — — — — — —

Multicenter Study of 

Hydroxyurea (MSH) in 

Sickle Cell Anemia Adult 

Follow-Up

— 588 994 1,136 1,340 — — — — — —

Pediatric Hydroxyurea 

Phase III Clinical Trial 

(BABY HUG)

405 3,100 1,112 1,964 1,526 891 3,966 5,573 1,704 — 853

Sildenafil for Sickle Cell 

Disease-Associated 

Pulmonary Hypertension 

(walk PHaSST)

— — — — — 1,867 2,801 3,702 963 320 212

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and 

Resources

3,395 6,411 3,468 3,971 3,688 2,758 6,767 9,275 2,667 320 1,065

Total, NHLBI Clinical Trials 

Contracts

$87,402 $92,485 $97,676 $108,563 $78,650 $28,069 $54,587 $70,810 $66,420 $46,182 $45,989
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Bypass Angioplasty 

Revascularization 

Investigation (BARI)

$ 1,549 $ 1,456 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Girls Health Enrichment 

Multisite Studies (GEMS)

2,877 2,713 — — — — — — — — —

Trial of Activity for 

Adolescent Girls (TAAG)

4,831 5,919 5,828 6,350 5,103 905 — — — — —

Pediatric Heart Network 3,447 4,822 5,381 4,948 3,992 6,988 6,607 12,255 7,637 7,471 12,827

Clinical Research 

Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcome

— — — 6,886 9,339 9,728 8,972 5,279 — 6,244 9,455

Dynamic Assessment of 

Patient-Reported Chronic 

Disease Outcomes

— — — 1,010 — — — — — — —

Heart Failure Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — — 5,642 7,801 7,813 7,939 7,914* 7,652

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort 

Study (PHACS)—Data 

and Operations Center

— — — — — 1,000 500 490 500 769* 600

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy 

Research Network

— — — — — — 4,424 7,568 6,227 6,200 3,800

Community-Responsive 

Interventions To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in 

American Indians and 

Alaska Natives

— — — — — 1,419 2,314 3,151 1,999 2,071 —

Network for Cardiothoracic 

Surgical Investigations in 

Cardiovascular Medicine

— — — — — — 6,009 8,681 3,210 8,079 5,460

EDTA Chelation Therapy for 

Coronary Artery Disease

— — — — — — — — 2,109 — —

Practice-Based Opportunity 

for Weight Reduction 

(POWER) Trials*

— — — — — 2,567 3,714 3,656 3,729 2,329 —

Look AHEAD: Action for 

Health in Diabetes

— — — — — — — — — 4,000 4,000

Diabetes Prevention Program 

Outcomes Study—Phase II

— — — — — — — — — 1,100 1,100

Early Adult Reduction of 

Weight Through LifestYle 

Intervention (EARLY) 

Trials**

— — — — — — — — 4,656 5,864 6,124

* Formerly known as Weight Loss in Obese Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors.

**Formerly known as Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults. 
121

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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Heart and Vascular 

Diseases (continued)

Childhood Obesity 

Prevention and Treatment 

Research (COPTR)

— — — — — — — — — 4,058 3,986

Consortium of Hospitals 

Advancing Research on 

Tobacco (CHART)*

— — — — — — — — — 3,322 3,505

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular 

Diseases

12,704 14,910 11,209 19,194 18,434 28,249 40,341 48,893 43,106 59,421** 58,509

Lung Diseases

Asthma Clinical Research 

Network (ACRN)†

— — 8,181 8,424 8,667 7,839 8,918 872 — — —

Childhood Asthma Research 

and Education (CARE) 

Network

5,314 6,005 5,610 5,292 5,704 5,735 5,916 4,887 — — —

COPD Clinical Research 

Network

— — 6,843 6,848 8,438 7,664 6,836 3,400 3,150 3,150 2,600

Idiopathic Pulmonary 

Fibrosis Clinical Research 

Network

— — — — 3,486 7,349 7,216 7,154 7,325 — —

NICHD Cooperative 

Multicenter Neonatal 

Research Network

— — — — — 1,336 238 27 — — —

Asthma Network 

(AsthmaNet)

— — — — — — — — 8,300 15,500 15,500

Novel Therapies for Lung 

Diseases—Phase II

— — — — — — — — — 7,594 12,843

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 5,314 6,005 20,634 20,564 26,295 29,923 29,124 16,340 18,775 26,244 30,943

Blood Diseases and Resources

Thalassemia (Cooley’s 

Anemia) Clinical Research 

Network

2,219 2,269 2,320 2,375 2,730 2,682 2,618 2,600 658 — —

Blood and Marrow 

Transplant Clinical 

Research Network

5,360 5,899 5,950 5,972 6,460 6,845 6,709 6,952 6,351 2,507 5,319

Transfusion Medicine/ 

Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network

— 6,053 6,241 6,093 6,221 6,521 6,407 6,374 6,541 6,590 6,314

Sickle Cell Disease Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — — 3,761 7,498 7,173 — — —

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and 

Resources

7,579 14,221 14,511 14,440 15,411 19,809 23,232 23,099 13,550 9,097 11,453

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials, Cooperative 

Agreements

$25,597 $35,136 $46,354 $54,198 $60,140 $77,981 $92,697 $88,332 $75,431 $94,762** $100,905

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials

$112,999 $127,621 $144,030 $162,761 $138,790 $106,050 $147,284 $159,142 $141,851 $140,944** $146,594

* Formerly known as Effective Research on Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized Patients.

**Correction to figure that was reported in the FY 2010 Fact Book. † Investigator-Initiated from 1998 to 2002.

Note: The line labeled “Other Clinical Trials” ($78.8 million) that appeared in the FY 2010 Fact Book has been removed.
122

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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2011: Summary by Program

Contracts

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2011

Total FY 2011 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial 

(ALLHAT) 

$ 84,405,430 $ 971,242 $ 85,376,672

Clarification of Optimal Anticoagulation Through Genetics (COAG)* 6,167,062 6,760,320 12,927,382

Randomized Evaluation of VAD InterVEntion before Inotropic Therapy 

(REVIVE-IT)

— 4,952,781 4,952,781

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) 36,882,407 — 36,882,407

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy in Adults With Preserved Ejection 

Fraction Congestive Heart Failure (TOPCAT)

26,914,315 — 26,914,315

Women’s Health Initiative (WHI)** 793,070,018 22,766,227 815,836,245

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 947,439,232 35,450,570 982,889,802

Lung Diseases 

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network (ARDSNet) 78,742,505 5,096,234 83,838,739

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT) 20,787,361 4,377,865 25,165,226

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 99,529,866 9,474,099 109,003,965

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG) 21,847,533 852,640 22,700,173

Sildenafil for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension 

(walk PHaSST)

9,653,177 212,144 9,865,321

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 31,500,710 1,064,784 32,565,494

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Contracts $1,078,469,808 $45,989,453 $1,124,459,261 

* Formerly known as Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin Therapy.

** From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately under its own major heading. In this table, it is included in the Heart and Vascular Diseases section. 

Cooperative Agreements

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2011

Total FY 2011 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network $ 24,419,327 $ 3,800,000 $ 28,219,327

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) 4,058,435 3,986,427 8,044,862

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation Outcome 46,447,452 9,455,378 55,902,830

Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research (CHART)* 3,321,649 3,505,096 6,826,745

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—Phase II 2,200,000 1,100,000 3,300,000

Early Adult Reduction of Weight Through LifestYle Intervention (EARLY) Trials** 10,519,703 6,123,513 16,643,216

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network 37,108,888 7,651,786 44,760,674

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes 8,000,000 4,000,000 12,000,000

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigations in Cardiovascular Medicine 25,978,806 5,459,597 31,438,403

Pediatric Heart Network 63,348,873 12,827,177 76,176,050

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS): Data and Operations Center 3,259,021 600,000 3,859,021

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 228,662,154 58,508,974 287,171,128

Lung Diseases 

Asthma Network (AsthmaNet) 23,800,000 15,500,000 39,300,000

COPD Clinical Research Network 46,330,386 2,600,000 48,930,386

Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II 7,593,739 12,843,238 20,436,977

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 77,724,125 30,943,238 108,667,363

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 59,071,021 5,319,784 64,390,805

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 57,040,060 6,133,712 63,173,772

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 116,111,081 11,453,496 127,564,577

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Cooperative Agreements $422,497,360 $100,905,708 $523,403,068 

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials $1,500,967,868 $146,595,161 $1,647,863,029 

* Formerly known as Effectiveness Research on Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized Patients. 

**Formerly known as Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults.
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Heart and Vascular Diseases

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment 

To Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1993

The purpose of this study was to compare the ability 

of a diuretic versus newer antihypertensive treatments 

(ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, alpha blocker) 

to lower the combined incidence of fatal CHD and nonfatal MI in high-risk hypertensive patients and to determine whether lowering serum cholesterol with an HMG 

CoA reductase inhibitor reduced the total mortality in a 

subset of hypertensive patients with moderately elevated 

LDL cholesterol. 

In February 2000, the alpha blocker arm of the study 

was discontinued because the CVD event rate was significantly greater among those patients compared with 

those in the control group. In 2002, results showed that 

diuretics work best to both lower blood pressure and 

prevent stroke and some forms of heart disease, including heart attack and heart failure. 

Researchers are analyzing a post-trial follow-up 

(9–10 years) of participants to compare long-term 

effects of antihypertensive treatment with a thiazidetype diuretic, a calcium channel blocker, an ACE inhibitor, and an alpha receptor blocker when each drug was 

used as initial treatment, with step-up drugs added as 

needed, and for the lipid component, to assess long-term 

effects of pravastatin compared with usual care. Fiftyfive percent of the participants are black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$971,242

Fiscal Years 1993–2010—$84,405,430

Total Funding to Date—$85,376,672

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Texas 

Health Science Center 

Houston, Texas —26820110036C

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to establish a research 

network to evaluate innovative cell therapy strategies 

for individuals with CVD. The network is providing the 

necessary infrastructure to develop, coordinate, and 

conduct multiple collaborative clinical protocols to 

facilitate application of emerging scientific discoveries 

to improve CVD outcomes. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$3,800,000

Fiscal Years 2007–2010—$24,419,327

Total Funding to Date—$28,219,327

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-087314

2. University of Texas

Health Science Center 

Houston, Texas —HL-087318

3. Texas Heart Institute 

Houston, Texas —HL-087365

4. University of Florida 

Gainesville, Florida —HL-087366

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-087394

6. Vanderbilt University 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-087403

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment 

Research (COPTR), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010 

The purpose of this research consortium is to test 

interventions to prevent excess weight gain in children 

and to reduce weight in obese children. Two obesity prevention trials are developing and testing approaches that 

target home, community, and primary care settings for 

preschool children living in low-income and ethnically 

diverse neighborhoods. Two obesity treatment trials 

are examining the therapies on overweight and obese 

children, 7- to 15-year olds, in school and home settings 

in collaboration with local youth organizations. More than 

50 percent of the participants are expected to be from racial 

and ethnic minority populations. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$3,986,427

Fiscal Year 2010—$4,058,435

Total Funding to Date—$8,044,862

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of North Carolina at

Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-103561
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2. Vanderbilt University

School of Medicine 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-103620

3. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-103622

4. Stanford University

Palo Alto, California —HL-103629 

Clarification of Optimal Anticoagulation 

Through Genetics (COAG),* Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2008 

The purpose of this randomized, multicenter clinical trial is to compare two approaches to the initiation 

of warfarin therapy for optimal anticoagulation. One 

approach uses clinical information and an individual’s 

genotype based on the genes known to influence warfarin response (“genotype-guided dosing”), and the 

other uses only clinical information (“clinical-guided 

dosing”). Approximately 1,200 participants are being 

randomized over a 3-year period at 18 medical centers 

throughout the United States. The primary endpoint is 

anticoagulation control during the first month of therapy. 

The trial is assessing anticoagulation control, bleeding problems and other complications, quality of life, 

and cost of therapy up to 6 months after initiation of 

therapy.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$6,760,320

Fiscal Years 2008–2010—$6,167,062

Total Funding to Date—$12,927,382

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —26800800003C

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcomes, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2004

The purpose of this program is to conduct research in 

cardiopulmonary arrest and severe traumatic injury to 

facilitate the rapid translation of promising scientific and 

clinical advances to improve resuscitation outcomes. 

The Consortium conducts multiple, collaborative clinical trials and studies that target primarily out-of-hospital 

clinical life compromising events, such as cardiac arrest 

and life threatening trauma. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$9,455,378

Fiscal Years 2004–2010—$46,447,452

Total Funding to Date—$55,902,830

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HL-077863

2. Medical College of Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-077866

3. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-077867

4. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-077871

5. St. Michael’s Hospital 

Toronto, Ontario —HL-077872

6. Oregon Health and Science University 

Portland, Oregon —HL-077873

7. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-077881

8. Ottawa Health Research Institute 

Ottawa, Ontario —HL-077885

9. University of Texas

Southwestern Medical Center 

Dallas, Texas —HL-077887

10. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-077908

Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research 

on Tobacco (CHART),** Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in hospitalized 

patients. A network of six projects are assessing the 

effectiveness and cost effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions that are initiated during hospitalization 

and continued post-discharge in more than 10,000 hospitalized smokers across a geographically diverse group of 

nearly 20 private, public, academic, and community hospitals. Participation from minority populations is strong 

in some of the projects. 

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$3,505,096

Fiscal Year 2010—$3,321,649

Total Funding to Date—$6,826,745 

* Formerly known as Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin Therapy. 

**Formerly known as Effective Research on Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized Patients.
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Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-105218

2. New York University School of Medicine 

New York, New York —HL-105229

3. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 

Oakland, California —HL-105231

4. University of Kansas Medical Center 

Kansas City, Kansas —HL-105232

5. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 

Oakland, California —HL-105233 

6. University of California, San Diego 

San Diego, California —CA-159533

7. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —DA-031515

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—

Phase II, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this multicenter clinical trial is to 

determine the efficacy of treatments to prevent or delay 

the development of type 2 diabetes in a population at 

high risk due to the presence of impaired glucose tolerance. The Phase II trial will continue to follow the 

original cohort to determine the long-term effects of the 

interventions (metformin versus lifestyle) on further diabetes development, microvascular outcomes, and CVD 

and CVD risk factors. Forty-five percent of participants 

are from diverse minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$1,100,000

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$2,200,000

Total Funding to Date—$3,300,000

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Colorado 

Aurora, Colorado —DK-048375

2. Louisiana State University 

Pennington Biomedical Research Center 

Baton Rouge, Louisiana —DK-048377

3. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —DK-048380

4. University of Chicago 

Chicago, Illinois —DK-048381

5. MEDSTAR Research Institute 

Hyattsville, Maryland —DK-048387

6. St. Luke’s Roosevelt Institute 

for Health Sciences 

New York, New York —DK-048404

7. Indiana University-Purdue 

University at Indianapolis 

Indianapolis, Indiana —DK-048406

8. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —DK-048407

9. University of Tennessee Health 

Science Center 

Memphis, Tennessee —DK-048411

10. Seattle Institute for Biomedical 

and Clinical Research 

Seattle, Washington —DK-048413

11. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —DK-048443

12. Thomas Jefferson University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —DK-048468

13. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —DK-048485

14. George Washington University 

Washington, DC —DK-048489

15. University of Texas 

Health Science Center 

San Antonio, Texas —DK-048514

Early Adult Reduction of Weight Through 

LifestYle Intervention (EARLY) Trials,* 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this program is to conduct two-phase 

clinical research to refine and test innovative behavioral 

approaches for weight control—using mobile phones, 

social networks, and Web-based curricula—in young 

adults, ages 18–35 years, who are at high risk for weight 

gain. Phase I involves refining proposed intervention, 

recruitment, retention, and adherence strategies. Phase 

II deals with testing the efficacy of the interventions 

that address weight loss, prevention of weight gain, or 

prevention of excessive weight gain during pregnancy. 

Targeted populations include pregnant and postpartum 

women, community college and university students, and 

young adults who are trying to quit smoking. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$6,123,513

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$10,519,703

Total Funding to Date—$16,643,216

* Formerly known as Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults.
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Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Tennessee Health 

Science Center

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-096628

2. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-096715

3. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-096720

4. Cornell University

Ithaca, New York —HL-096760

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-096767

6. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-096770

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this network is to accelerate research 

in the diagnosis and management of heart failure to 

improve outcomes through optimal application of existing therapies and evaluation of innovative therapies. 

The network provides the necessary infrastructure to 

develop, coordinate, and conduct multiple collaborative 

clinical protocols to facilitate application of emerging 

basic science discoveries into clinical investigations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$7,651,786

Fiscal Years 2006–2010—$37,108,888

Total Funding to Date—$44,760,674

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Minneapolis Medical Research 

Foundation, Inc. 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-084861

2. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-084875

3. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-084877

4. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-084889 

5. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HL-084890

6. Morehouse School of Medicine 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-084891

7. University of Vermont and State 

Agriculture College 

Burlington, Vermont —HL-084899

8. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-084904

9. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine 

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-084907

10. Montreal Heart Institute 

Montreal, Quebec, Canada —HL-084931

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this multicenter randomized clinical 

trial is to determine the effect of a lifestyle intervention—designed to achieve and maintain weight loss over 

the long term through decreased caloric intake and exercise—in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. More 

than 5,000 participants have been randomly assigned to 

one of two interventions—either Lifestyle Intervention 

or Diabetes Support and Education—and will be followed for up to 11.5 years. The trial is monitoring 

major cardiovascular events, such as heart attack, stroke, 

and cardiovascular-related death. Investigators are also 

examining the impact of the interventions on other cardiovascular disease-related outcomes, cardiovascular 

risk factors, all-cause mortality, diabetes control and 

complications, fitness, general health, and health-related 

quality of life and psychological outcomes. One of the 

16 clinical centers is targeting American Indians. 

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$4,000,000

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$8,000,000 

Total Funding to Date—$12,000,000

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —DK-057008

2. University of Tennessee Health 

Science Center 

Memphis, Tennessee —DK-057078

3. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —DK-057135

4. University of Colorado 

Denver, Colorado —DK-057151

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical 

Investigations in Cardiovascular Medicine, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to establish a network 

to evaluate newer surgical techniques, technologies, 

devices, and innovative pharmaceutical and bioengineered products directed at CVD. The Network conducts 

randomized clinical trials and clinical studies that provide 
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a strong evidence base to inform surgical practice and 

disseminates its findings to the broader scientific community. The Network also serves as a clinical trials training 

ground for fellows and junior faculty. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$5,459,597

Fiscal Years 2007–2010—$25,978,806

Total Funding to Date—$31,438,403

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Virginia, Charlottesville 

Charlottesville, Virginia —HL-088925

2. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-088928

3. Albert Einstein College of Medicine 

of Yeshiva University

Bronx, New York —HL-088939

4. Columbia University Health Sciences 

New York, New York —HL-088942

5. Mount Sinai School of Medicine 

New York, New York —HL-088951

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-088953

7. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-088955

8. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-088957

9. Montreal Heart Institute 

Montreal, Quebec, Canada —HL-088963

Pediatric Heart Network, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2001

The objective of this study is to establish a clinical 

network to evaluate innovative treatment and management strategies for children with structural congenital

heart disease, inflammatory heart disease, heart muscle 

disease, or arrhythmias.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$12,827,177

Fiscal Years 2001–2009—$63,348,873

Total Funding to Date—$76,176,050

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New England Research Institute, Inc. 

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-068270

2. Children’s Hospital Medical Center 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-109673

3. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-109737

4. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HL-109741

5. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-109743

6. Hospital for Sick Children 

Toronto, Ontario —HL-109777

7. Medical University of South Carolina 

Charleston, South Carolina —HL-109778

8. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-109781

9. Children’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-109816

10. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-109818

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS)—

Data and Operations Center, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

The purpose of this study is to create a body of data 

that will enable researchers to understand more fully 

the effects of HIV on sexual maturation, pubertal development, and socialization of perinatally HIV-infected 

preadolescents and adolescents and to acquire more definitive information about the long-term safety of antiretroviral agents when used during pregnancy and in newborns.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$600,000

Fiscal Years 2006–2010—$3,259,021

Total Funding to Date—$3,859,021

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Harvard University

Boston, Massachusetts —HD-052102

Randomized Evaluation of VAD InterVEntion 

before Inotropic Therapy (REVIVE-IT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this clinical feasibility study is to 

explore the potential benefit of mechanical circulatory 

support therapy using ventricular assist devices (VADs) 

in functionally-impaired advanced heart failure patients 

who have not yet developed serious consequences from 

their disease. The study will serve to inform a pivotal 

trial directed at a large and growing patient population 

for whom VADs could offer substantial benefit beyond 

current medical therapies.
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Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$4,952,781

Total Funding to Date—$4,952,781

Current Active Organization and Contract Number:

1. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —268201100026C

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial 

(SPRINT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

intensive lowering of systolic blood pressure below the 

currently recommended standard reduces the risk of 

cardiovascular and kidney diseases or age-related cognitive decline. About 7,500 participants with systolic blood 

pressure ≥130 mm Hg are being recruited at more than 

80 clinics in 5 clinical center networks during a 2-year 

period and will be followed for 4–6 years. Among the 

participants, approximately 4,300 will have chronic 

kidney disease and 3,250 will be aged 75 years and 

older. The primary endpoints are nonfatal MI, acute 

coronary syndrome, stroke, heart failure, or CVD mortality. Secondary endpoints include decline in renal function 

or development of end stage renal disease. The MIND 

substudy is focusing on the effectiveness of lowering 

systolic blood pressure on reducing the decline in cognitive function.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$0 

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$36,882,407 

Total Funding to Date—$36,882,407 

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Wake Forest University Health 

Science Center 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95240

2. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HC-95255

3. University of Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-95256

4. Wake Forest University Health 

Science Center 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina — HC-95257

5. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HC-95258

6. Department of Veterans Affairs, Memphis 

Memphis, Tennessee —HV-0514

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy 

in Adults With Preserved Ejection Fraction 

Congestive Heart Failure (TOPCAT), Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this international randomized trial is 

to evaluate the effectiveness of spironolactone, a generic 

and inexpensive drug, to reduce cardiovascular mortality and heart failure hospitalization in patients who have 

heart failure with preserved systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥45 percent). The trial is recruiting up to 3,500 patients in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, 

Republic of Georgia, Russia, and the United States. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$0

Fiscal Years 2004–2010—$26,914,315

Total Funding to Date—$26,914,315

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. HHS Program Support Center, Supply 

Service Center 

Perry Point, Maryland —HC-4071

2. New England Research Institutes, Inc. 

Watertown, Massachusetts —HC-45207

Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1992

The WHI was established to elucidate the etiology 

and prevention of CVD, cancers, and osteoporosis in 

women aged 50–79 years. The program consists of 

three primary components: randomized controlled clinical trials of hormone therapy, dietary modification, and 

calcium/vitamin D supplementation; an observational 

study to identify predictors of disease; and a study of 

community approaches to developing healthful behaviors. Total participation includes 161,808 women, for 

whom 17 percent are from minority populations.

Currently, investigators are determining the longterm effects of prior hormone therapy on the cohort that 

participated in the clinical trials of hormone therapy. 

Minority participants are being followed to improve 

statistical power for genetic association. Self-reported 

outcome data are being collected and will be available 

for ancillary studies and a new generation of clinical trials. The rich resources of data and specimens are available to the scientific community and for training young 

investigators.
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Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$22,766,227

Fiscal Years 1992–2010*—$793,070,018

Total Funding to Date—$815,836,245

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. State University of New York, 

Buffalo 

Buffalo, New York —268201100001

2. Ohio State University Research 

Foundation 

Columbus, Ohio —268201100002

3. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —268201100003

4. Wake Forest University Health 

Sciences 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —268201100004

5. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research 

Center 

Seattle, Washington —268201100046

6. Wake Forest University Health 

Sciences 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —268200464221

Lung Diseases

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical 

Network (ARDSNet), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1994

The purpose of this network is to develop and conduct randomized controlled clinical trials to prevent and 

treat acute lung injury, ARDS, and other related critical 

illnesses and improve the outcome of patients with them.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$5,096,234

Fiscal Years 1994–2010—$78,742,505

Total Funding to Date—$83,838,739

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Baystate Medical Center 

Springfield, Massachusetts —HR-56165

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HR-56166

3. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center 

Denver, Colorado —HR-56167

4. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of 

Medicine-Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-56168

5. Duke University Medical Center 

Durham, North Carolina —HR-56169

6. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-56170

7. LDS Hospital 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-56171

8. Louisiana State University 

New Orleans, Louisiana —HR-56172

9. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HR-56173

10. Vanderbilt University Medical Center 

Nashville, Tennessee —HR-56174

11. Wake Forest University Health Sciences 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HR-56175

12. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine 

Rochester, Minnesota —HR-56176

13. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-56179

Asthma Network (AsthmaNet), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this network is to develop and conduct multiple clinical trials of asthma management 

in pediatric and adult populations. Investigators are 

seeking to identify optimal therapies for a variety of 

asthma phenotypes, genotypes, and racial and ethnic 

backgrounds. They are also conducting a limited number of proof-of-concept studies to advance the development of innovative therapies and perform studies to 

investigate the mechanistic bases for the interventions. 

Approximately 30 percent of the participants will be 

from diverse minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$15,500,000 

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$23,800,000

Total Funding to Date—$39,300,000

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. National Jewish Health 

Denver, Colorado —HL-098075

2. University of Wisconsin, Madison 

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-098090

* This figure reflects funding for the clinical trials and observational studies only. From 1992 to 1998, major support was provided through the Office of 

the Director, NIH. The Community Prevention Study receives funding through an inter-Agency agreement with the CDC: $4,000,000 in FY 1999 and 

$12,000,000 from FY 1996–1998.
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3. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HL-098096

4. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-098098

5. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-098102

6. Wake Forest University Health 

Science Center 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-098103

7. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-098107

8. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-098112

9. Pennsylvania State University 

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-098115

10. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-098177

COPD Clinical Research Network, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this network is to investigate disease 

management approaches for patients with moderate-tosevere COPD and to ensure that the findings are rapidly 

disseminated to the medical community.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$2,600,000

Fiscal Years 2003–2010—$46,330,386

Total Funding to Date—$48,930,386

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Harbor-UCLA Research 

and Education Institute 

Torrance, California —HL-074407

2. Temple University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-074408

3. Denver Health and Hospital Authority 

Denver, Colorado —HL-074409

4. Minnesota Veterans Research Institute 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-074416

5. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-074418

6. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-074422

7. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-074424

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074428

9. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-074431

10. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-074439

11. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-074441

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to determine the 

effectiveness and safety of long-term oxygen therapy in 

patients with COPD. Approximately 1,100 patients with 

moderate COPD are being enrolled to determine whether 

supplemental oxygen can improve their quality of life 

and extend their lifespan. Research findings will help 

the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services decide 

whether to extend Medicare coverage for home oxygen 

treatment for patients with moderately severe disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$4,377,865

Fiscal Years 2007–2010—$20,787,361

Total Funding to Date—$25,165,226

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-76183

2. Cleveland Clinic Foundation 

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-76184

3. Denver Health and Hospital Authority 

Denver, Colorado —HR-76185

4. Duke University Medical Center 

Durham, North Carolina —HR-76186

5. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals 

Portland, Oregon —HR-76187

6. Los Angeles Biomedical 

Institute/Harbor-UCLA 

Los Angeles, California —HR-76188

7. Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —HR-76189

8. Temple University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-76190

9. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HR-76191

10. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-76192

11. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-76193

12. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-76194

13. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HR-76195
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

14. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HR-76196

15. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-76197

Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this study is to conduct proof-ofconcept Phase II clinical trials of innovative interventions 

for a sleep-associated lung disease or a cardiopulmonary 

disorder. Investigators are seeking to identify interventions that will have the potential to improve clinical 

management. 

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2011—$12,843,238 

Fiscal Year 2010—$7,593,739

Total Funding to Date—$20,436,977

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-102225

2. University of Colorado Denver

Aurora, Colorado —HL-102235 

3. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-102288

4. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-102547

5. University of Wisconsin 

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-105365

6. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-105371

7. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-105569

8. Mayo Clinic 

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-108712

9. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-108713

10. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-108730

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this network is to compare innovative 

treatment methods and management strategies of potential benefit for patients undergoing blood or marrow 

transplantation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$5,319,784

Fiscal Years 2001–2010—$59,071,021

Total Funding to Date—$64,390,805

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Nebraska Medical Center 

Omaha, Nebraska —HL-069233

2. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-069246

3. Dana Farber Cancer Institute 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-069249

4. National Childhood Cancer Foundation 

Arcadia, California —HL-069254

5. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069274

6. City of Hope Medical Center 

Duarte, California —HL-069278

7. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-069286

8. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-069290

9. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HL-069291

10. Medical College of Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-069294

11. University of Florida 

Gainesville, Florida —HL-069301

12. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-069310

13. Sloan Kettering Institute 

for Cancer Research 

New York, New York —HL-069315

14. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-069330

15. University of Texas 

MD Anderson Cancer Center 

Houston, Texas —HL-069334

16. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-069348

17. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HL-108945

18. H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center

Tampa, Florida —HL-108987

19. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-109137

20. Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —HL-109322

21. Northside Hospital Atlanta 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-109526
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial 

(BABY HUG), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this clinical trial is to determine if 

hydroxyurea therapy is effective in preventing chronic 

end organ damage in pediatric patients with SCD.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$852,640

Fiscal Years 2000–2010—$21,847,533

Total Funding to Date—$22,700,173

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Children’s Research Institute 

Washington, DC —HB-07150

2. Duke University Medical Center 

Durham, North Carolina —HB-07151

3. Howard University

Washington, DC —HB-07152

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07153

5. Medical University of South Carolina 

Charleston, South Carolina —HB-07154

6. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 

Memphis, Tennessee —HB-07155

7. The Research Foundation of SUNY 

New York, New York —HB-07156

8. University of Miami 

Miami, Florida —HB-07157

9. University of Mississippi Medical Center 

Jackson, Mississippi —HB-07158

10. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center 

Dallas, Texas —HB-07159

11. Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation 

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07160

Sildenafil for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated 

Pulmonary Hypertension (walk PHaSST), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this clinical trial is to evaluate the 

safety and efficacy of 16 weeks of therapy with sildenafil, a nitric oxide potentiator, in adult patients with 

SCD and pulmonary hypertension. Exercise endurance and pulmonary artery pressure were measured. 

Pulmonary hypertension occurs in up to 30 percent of 

SCD cases and is strongly associated with mortality in 

adults with SCD. All of the participants are black.

The trial was stopped nearly 1 year early because 

the treatment group experienced either increased 

hospitalizations for sickle cell crises or severe pain 

compared with the control group. The follow-up study 

is using datasets and biorepository specimens from the 

closed trial to assess the effect of genetic factors on 

hematologic, cardiopulmonary, and pain phenotypes in 

individuals with hemoglobin SS disease and to explore 

phenotypic variations in individuals with hemoglobin 

SC disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$212,144

Fiscal Years 2006–2010—$9,653,177

Total Funding to Date—$9,865,321

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc. 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HB-67182

2. Imperial College of London 

London, England —HB-67183

3. Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HB-67184

4. University of Colorado 

Denver, Colorado —HB-67185

5. Children’s Hospital and Research Center 

at Oakland 

Oakland, California —HB-67186

6. University of Illinois at Chicago 

Chicago, Illinois —HB-67187

7. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-67188

8. Howard University

Washington, DC —HB-67189

9. Albert Einstein College of Medicine of 

Yeshiva University 

New York, New York —HB-67190

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this network is to compare new 

management strategies for individuals with hemostatic 

disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia and 

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and evaluate new 

and existing blood products and cytokines for treatment 

of hematologic disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2011—$6,133,712

Fiscal Years 2002–2010—$57,040,060

Total Funding to Date—$63,173,772
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-072028

2. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-072033

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072072

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072191

5. Weill Medical College of 

Cornell University 

New York, New York —HL-072196

6. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-072248

7. New England Research Institutes, Inc. 

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-072268

8. Tulane University of Louisiana 

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-072274

9. University of Oklahoma 

Health Sciences Center 

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-072283

10. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-072289

11. Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-072290

12. Children’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072291

13. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072299

14. Puget Sound Blood Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-072305

15. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-072331

16. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-072346

17. University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-072355

18. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072359

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 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities 

 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address 

Health Disparities 

Throughout its history, the NHLBI has been a 

leader in conducting and supporting research and 

programs to eliminate health disparities that exist 

between various segments of the U.S. population. 

The Institute has not only initiated research projects 

with significant racial and ethnic minority participation to compare health status between various populations, but has also given high priority to programs 

that focus exclusively on minority health issues.

Since FY 1991, the Institute has had procedures in 

place to ensure full compliance with the NIH Policy 

on Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in 

Clinical Research. As a result, all NHLBI-supported 

research that involves human subjects includes 

minorities, with the exception of a very few projects 

for which a compelling justification for limited diversity in the study population exists. Thus, all segments of the population, minority and nonminority, 

women, and children, stand to benefit from the 

Institute’s research programs.

It has long been a goal of the NHLBI to increase 

the number of individuals from underrepresented 

groups in biomedical and behavioral research. 

Selected FY 2011 activities addressing this goal 

include the following: 

• NHLBI Research Centers at Minority Serving 

Institutions: Supports establishment of research 

centers at minority serving institutions to augment and strengthen research capabilities and 

resources related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and disorders, with the goal of enabling 

the institutions and their investigators to become 

fully competitive

• Sickle Cell Scholars Program: Supports career 

development of young or new investigators in 

SCD research as part of the Basic and Translational Research Program (BTRP) (see Chapter 9)

• Summer-for-Sickle Cell-Science Program: Supports career development of young or new 

investigators in SCD research as part of the 

BTRP program

• Clinical Research Education and Career Development in Minority Institutions: Encourages the 

development and implementation of curriculumdependent programs in minority institutions to 

train selected doctoral and postdoctoral candidates in clinical research leading to a Master of 

Science in Clinical Research or Master of Public 

Health in a clinically relevant area 

• Short-Term Research Education Program To 

Increase Diversity in Health-Related Research: 

Promotes diversity in undergraduate and health 

professional student populations by offering 

short-term education support to stimulate career 

development in cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases and sleep disorders research

• Program To Increase Diversity Among Individuals Engaged in Health-Related Research 

(PRIDE): Encourages scientists and researchoriented faculty from diverse backgrounds to 

expand their research skills and gain experience 

in advanced methods and experimental 

approaches in basic and applied sciences in 

heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders so that they can compete for external funding for research in the biomedical and behavioral sciences 

• Mentored Career Development Award To Promote Faculty Diversity/Re-Entry in Biomedical 

Research: Promotes an increase in the number 

of highly trained investigators—from diverse 

backgrounds (i.e., faculty members who are 

from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups 

or who have disabilities or who are from disadvantaged backgrounds) or those who have experienced an interruption in their research 

careers—whose basic and clinical research interests are grounded in the advanced methods and 

experimental approaches needed to solve problems related to cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases and sleep disorders

• Mentored Career Award for Faculty at Minority 

Serving Institutions: Encourages eligible faculty 

members at institutions that promote diversity 

to undertake special studies and supervised 

research under a mentor who is an accomplished 
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 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities 

investigator in the research area proposed and who 

is experienced in developing independent 

investigators 

• Minority Institutional Research Training Program: 

Supports the training of pre- and postdoctoral students and certain health professional students at 

minority serving institutions in order to provide 

additional opportunities to develop research skills 

and to encourage the pursuit of research careers.

• Support of Competitive Research (SCORE) Program: Fosters the development of faculty at minority serving institutions to increase their research 

competitiveness in the areas of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders and to promote 

their transition to non-SCORE external sources of 

funding; and supports pilot awards for individuals at 

the beginning stages of a research career who are 

interested in testing a new idea or generating preliminary data, and for more experienced investigators who are interested in switching to a different 

fi eld of research

The Office of Research Training and Minority Health 

(ORTMH) within the Office of the Director provides 

oversight for, and coordinates, supports, and evaluates 

Institute programs related to minority health outcomes, 

including research, research training and career development, public outreach, and translation of research findings. The ORTMH also coordinates activities to foster 

greater participation of underrepresented minorities, individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds, and individuals with disabilities in NHLBI research and research 

training and career development programs. Selected 

FY 2011 activities include the following: 

• Issuing four training and career development RFAs 

to increase the number of highly trained individuals 

from diverse backgrounds, including individuals 

from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, 

individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds, and 

individuals with disabilities 

• Participating in HHS-Endorsed Minority Organization Internship Programs by supporting positions in 

NHLBI extramural and intramural divisions for students from the National Association for Equal 

Opportunity in Higher Education, the Hispanic 

Association of Colleges and Universities, the Washington Internships for Native Students programs, 

and the Directors of Health Promotion and Education Internship Program/CDC

• Sponsoring Out of the Box, a project for the Cherokee and Smokey Mountain Elementary Schools that 

is designed to create awareness and interest in the 

importance of science, medicine, and health; eliminate gaps in quality of health among diverse groups 

by encouraging an interest in health-related careers; 

and empower children to take responsibility for their 

health

• Supporting the African American, Hispanic, and 

Native American Youth Initiatives to bring minority 

students to the NIH campus for scientifi c presentations, an introduction to NHLBI research training 

and career development programs, and a tour of 

NHLBI laboratories

• Providing undergraduate students from the Tougaloo 

College Scholars program with an opportunity to 

visit the NIH for 3 days to learn about biomedical 

research and research training opportunities at the 

NHLBI/NIH

• Increasing recruitment of individuals for the NHLBI 

intramural and extramural training programs by representing the Institute at four diversity-focused 

research meetings to raise awareness of research and 

research training and career development opportunities supported by the NHLBI

• Coordinating the Biomedical Research Training 

Program for Individuals From Underrepresented 

Groups, which offers opportunities for underrepresented health professional degree students and postbaccalaureate individuals to receive training in fundamental biomedical sciences and clinical research 

as they relate to the etiology and treatment of heart, 

blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases

• Serving as the NHLBI contact for guidance to candidates applying for the NIH Pathway to Independence Award and the NHLBI Career Transition 

Award for extramural programmatic issues

In addition, the DCVS Office of Research Training 

and Career Development sponsored the 18th annual 

Diversity Supplement Trainee Meeting prior to the 

American Heart Association Annual Scientific Meetings. 

The meeting brought together awardees, faculty mentors, 

and NHLBI program staff for scientific and poster presentations, discussions, and opportunities to network 

with colleagues.
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 Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities 

See Chapter 13 for additional NHLBI-supported 

research training and career development programs for 

individuals from diverse backgrounds.

The following text describes selected current projects 

that focus on minority populations and reflect the 

Institute’s research portfolio related to minority health. 

Additional information can be found in Chapters 9–11.

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Epidemiology

Long-term epidemiologic studies are critical to uncovering risk factors that lead to disease. The Institute has 

initiated several major studies of heart disease focused 

significantly or completely on minority populations:

• CARDIA (see Chapter 10): To determine the evolution of CHD risk factors and lifestyle characteristics 

in young adults that may infl uence development of 

risk factors prior to middle age. Fifty percent of participants are black.

• ARIC (see Chapter 10): To investigate the association between CHD risk factors and the development 

of atherosclerosis and CVD in an adult population. 

Approximately 30 percent of participants are black.

• Strong Heart Study (see Chapter 9): To compare risk 

factor levels and morbidity and mortality from CVD 

among American Indians from three different geographic locations. In 2000, the study began focusing 

on large, extended families on which linkage analyses and gene discovery studies could be conducted. 

• JHS (see Chapter 10): To identify environmental 

and genetic factors infl uencing evolution and progression of CVD in blacks.

• MESA (see Chapter 10): To examine the characteristics of subclinical CVD that predict progression to 

clinically overt CVD and related risk factors that 

predict subclinical disease in blacks, whites, Hispanics, and Asians. Sixty-two percent of participants 

are from minority populations. 

• HCHS (see Chapter 10): To identify risk factors for 

cardiovascular and lung disease in Hispanic populations in the United States and determine the role of 

acculturation in their prevalence and development.

• GOCADAN (see Chapter 9): To study the relative 

contributions of genetic and environmental factors 

to CVD in Eskimos in the Norton Sound region of 

Alaska. 

The Institute supports components of the NHANES 

that track the prevalence of disease and risk factors for 

cardiovascular and lung diseases by race and ethnicity in 

the U.S. population and the National Longitudinal 

Mortality Study that analyzes socioeconomic, demographic, occupational, and racial differentials in mortality 

in the United States.

The NHLBI also supports a variety of investigatorinitiated research activities across a range of racial and 

ethnic groups on risk factors, genetic contributors, and 

health disparities in heart, lung, and blood diseases and 

sleep disorders. Many of them are ancillary studies to 

NHLBI-initiated cohort studies. 

Risk Factors

Investigator-initiated studies on cardiovascular risk 

factors in underrepresented racial and ethnic groups 

range in focus from biological to environmental, psychosocial, and cultural. One study among blacks in the JHS 

is characterizing the relationships between vascular function and CVD risk factors and indicators of subclinical 

CVD, and detecting gene variants that influence vascular 

function. A second study is investigating the effects of 

low vitamin D levels in blacks in the biethnic ARIC 

cohort. A third study involves echocardiographic examination of a subsample of adult participants in the HCHS 

to determine the prevalence of abnormal cardiac function, the degree of heterogeneity in cardiac function 

between Hispanic subgroups, and the relationship 

between cardiac structure and function and such factors 

as diabetes biomarkers, psychosocial measures, and measures of socioeconomic status in Hispanics.

Additional studies are determining geographic and 

ethnic variations in the prevalence of CHD risk factors; 

investigating risk factors linked to atherosclerosis and 

disease progression in South Asians that live in America; 

and examining the effects of arsenic exposure on diabetes and CVD in American Indians.
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 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities 

Genetic Epidemiology

Genetic epidemiology is concerned with the role of 

genetic factors in the etiology of disease within groups of 

relatives and the interplay of genetic factors with environmental factors. NHLBI-supported studies include 

those focusing on gene discovery through both linkage 

studies in family-based samples and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in population-based samples; 

the effects of gene–environment interactions on risk factors and health; and genotypic characterization in relationship to intermediate phenotypes, such as biomarkers.

Genetic epidemiologic research is also beginning to 

transition to predicting and assessing genetic risk and 

reporting genetic results to participants of research studies. The activities offer unique insights into specific populations and general observations that are relevant to all 

populations. Examples are studies of genetics of hypertension in populations of West African origin; the role of 

stress in gene–environment interaction in a multi-ethnic 

population; the contribution of genetic variation to 

obstructive sleep apnea, impaired endothelial function, 

and central blood pressure in Mexican Americans; salt 

sensitivity and blood pressure in Chinese populations; 

genetics of high serum triglycerides and metabolic traits 

in Mexican Americans; and genetic variation that underlies obesity and obesity-related phenotypes among 

Samoan adults. 

A new study is investigating the molecular mechanisms that underlie the genetic basis of left ventricular 

hypertrophy. This study is leveraging epidemiological 

and genetic work of the NHLBI-supported Hypertension 

Genetic Epidemiology Network Echo Study. Fifty-five 

percent of participants are black.

Health Disparities

The NHLBI is committed to supporting research that 

will contribute to reducing health disparities among 

racial and ethnic minorities. 

• CPHHD (see Chapter 9): To promote transdisciplinary research in health disparities in order to 

improve health outcomes and quality of life for populations at high risk for CVD. The population will 

consist primarily of blacks and Hispanics. 

• NHLBI Centers for Cardiovascular Outcomes 

Research (see Chapter 9): To conduct research that 

focuses on measuring, evaluating, and improving 

outcomes of cardiovascular care. Approximately 

30 percent of participants will be from racial and 

ethnic minority populations.

A project within the Mentored Career Development 

Award To Promote Faculty Diversity/Re-Entry in 

Biomedical Research program is conducting research on 

racial disparities between blacks and whites who live in 

the inner city by focusing on issues related to physical 

fitness and cardiovascular risk reduction. 

Education

The NHLBI hosts Children and Clinical Studies (see 

http://www.ChildrenAndClinicalStudies.nhlbi.nih.gov), 

an educational Web site, for children and their families 

and health care providers, to improve understanding of 

pediatric research. The site offers information in English 

and Spanish about the importance of research on children, safety measures in clinical trials, and potential 

effects on a family when a child is enrolled in a study. 

The site also has a section about minority interests and 

concerns. 

The NHLBI, through the DARD, translates research 

findings into practice by facilitating the development of 

clinical practice guidelines; communicating research 

advances; and disseminating health information to physicians, health care professionals, patients, and the public 

on ways to prevent or treat diseases within the Institute’s 

mandate. 

The Institute supports the following activities to 

improve cardiovascular health in racial and cultural/ethnic groups: 

• The Community Health Worker Initiative: To 

improve cardiovascular health among black, 

Hispanic, American Indian, Alaska Native, and 

Filipino-American communities using the community health worker model to promote evidencebased, heart health knowledge, attitudes, and 

behaviors. 

• NHLBI–U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development HOPE VI: To address cardiovascular 

health disparities in public housing settings. With 

the aid of the NHLBI evidence-based, heart health 

curriculum, residents of the black community are 

trained to become health educators of other public 

housing residents.
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 Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities 

• Salud para su Corazón: To develop networks and 

partnerships to disseminate information and strategies and to train lay educators about evidence-based 

CVD prevention and control, in order to promote 

heart healthy knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in 

Hispanic communities.

• Honoring the Gift of Heart Health: To train community health workers to deliver culturally appropriate, evidence-based curricula to prevent and control 

CVD risk factors in American Indian tribal 

communities. 

• Healthy Heart, Healthy Family: To train community 

health workers to deliver culturally and linguistically appropriate curricula and to conduct outreach 

activities that increase community awareness of 

heart disease and its associated risk factors and that 

promote heart healthy lifestyles among the growing 

population of Filipino heritage in the United States.

• The Heart Truth® Campaign: To raise awareness of 

heart disease in women through community-based 

interventions and social marketing media. Special 

populations are especially targeted through the 

Heart Truth’s Women of Color Initiative, a partnership with national black and Hispanic organizations.

• We Can!® (Ways to Enhance Children’s Activity 

& Nutrition): To help children ages 8–13 years 

maintain a healthy weight by providing curricula, 

tools, tips, and other resources to parents, caregivers, communities, and other organizations. Special 

attention is directed to black, Hispanic, and American Indian/Alaska Native populations.

In addition to the activities mentioned above, the 

Institute has prepared and distributed publications on 

CVD prevention for minority populations. They include 

the following:

• With Every Heartbeat Is Life: A Community Health 

Worker’s Manual for African Americans (and a 

series of picture cards)

• On the Move to Better Heart Health for African 

Americans (easy-to-read booklet on heart healthy 

living)

• Your Choice for Change: Honoring the Gift of Heart 

Health for American Indians (easy-to-read booklet 

on heart healthy living)

• Healthy Heart, Healthy Family: A Community 

Health Worker’s Manual for the Filipino Community

in English and Tagalog (and a series of picture 

cards)

• Healthy Heart, Healthy Family Series (six easy-toread English and Tagalog booklets on heart healthy 

living for the Filipino community)

• Your Heart Is Golden: Heart Health Promotion 

Activities for Vietnamese Communities

• Your Heart, Your Life: A Health Educator’s Manual 

for the Latino Community in English and Spanish 

(and a series of bilingual picture cards and a DVD)

• Healthy Hearts, Healthy Homes Series (six easy-toread English and Spanish booklets on heart healthy 

living)

• The Heart Truth for African American Women: An 

Action Plan

• The Heart Truth for Latinas: An Action Plan

The educational materials listed throughout this chapter can be obtained from the NHLBI public Web site or 

through the NHLBI online catalog.

Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a disorder of the normal rhythms of the 

heart, whereby it beats too fast (tachycardia), too slow 

(bradycardia), or irregularly. The NHLBI is supporting 

basic and genetic research on the mechanisms that underlie cardiac arrhythmias to improve their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in all racial and ethnic groups in the 

United States. One study is evaluating variants of the 

gene NOS1AP that affect the QT interval in various racial 

and ethnic populations. Another study is evaluating the 

distributions of electrocardiographic predictors of atrial 

fibrillation in racial and ethnic groups to determine 

whether minority populations have a higher risk for this 

arrhythmia than whites. A third study is investigating the 

role of sodium channel polymorphisms in cardiac 

arrhythmias in families with Long QT syndrome and 

Brugada Syndrome; approximately 66 percent of participants will be from racial and ethnic minority populations. 

Scientists have identified an association between variations in certain receptors that are activated during sympathetic nervous system stimulation and an increased risk 

of sudden cardiac death, most often due to ventricular 

arrhythmia. Although significant differences in 
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 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities 

associated risk of sudden cardiac death were not found 

between blacks and whites, continued research is 

expected to advance the understanding of differences in 

genetic predisposition for cardiac arrhythmias among 

racial and ethnic groups and ultimately lead to improved 

therapy.

Investigators identified two mutations in a gene 

encoding the major intracellular calcium release channel 

in two cases of SIDS. One mutation was identified in 

1 of 50 black infants and the other in 1 of 83 white 

infants. Researchers reported a pathogenic mechanism 

for SIDS, whereby SIDS-linked mutant ion channels 

become “leaky” during stress and thus potentially trigger 

fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Importantly, researchers have 

found further evidence that cardiac arrhythmias of 

genetic origin contribute to SIDS, a concept that offers a 

chance to prevent some avoidable tragedies.

Heart Failure

Heart failure (heart muscle dysfunction) affects 

approximately 5 million Americans and is a growing 

public health concern. It is frequently the end result of 

other conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and 

prior heart attacks.

Findings from the CARDIA study showed that heart 

failure before age 50 is substantially more common in 

blacks than in whites. Heart failure in black participants 

in the study was often preceded by such risk factors as 

high blood pressure, obesity, and chronic kidney disease 

10 to 20 years prior to the heart failure. 

The Institute has initiated a study to facilitate the 

translation of basic science discoveries into clinical 

applications:

• Heart Failure Clinical Research Network (see Chapter 9): To develop, coordinate, and conduct multiple 

collaborative proof-of-concept clinical protocols to 

improve heart failure outcomes. The Network 

includes a historically black medical center with 

minority investigators and access to a high-risk, 

underserved population.

 Investigator-initiated research is targeting heart failure among minority populations. A study is examining 

the role of impaired ATP synthesis and delivery in contractile dysfunction in heart failure patients; approximately 40 percent of participants are from racial minority 

populations. Another study is examining the underlying 

genetic variations that result in familial dilated cardiomyopathy, an inherited form of heart dysfunction. A 

study is focusing on angioedema—a severe allergic reaction and a life-threatening side effect of ACE- inhibitor 

drugs that is more common in blacks than in whites. 

Investigators are determining the mechanisms that cause 

this side effect and are studying the genetic profile of 

affected individuals and their families to determine who 

should avoid taking the drugs. Another study is focusing 

on drugs commonly used to treat heart failure to determine whether beta blockers are as effective in black as in 

white heart failure patients; researchers will study genetic 

and other factors that affect the difference.

Individuals with heart failure typically have a poor 

prognosis and a diminished quality of life. Inadequate 

health literacy skills, depression, and emotional stress are 

common and are often associated with poor health outcomes. One study is determining whether cognitive 

behavioral intervention is superior to supportive clinical 

management for depressed outpatients with heart failure; 

approximately 30 percent of participants are expected to 

be black. Another study is examining the role of emotional stress on heart failure exacerbations; a large proportion of the population is black. A third study is 

investigating whether an exercise intervention, such as 

tai chi, can increase physical function, cardiac functional 

capacity, and quality of life in patients with heart failure; 

nearly 50 percent of participants are expected to come 

from minority populations.

High Blood Pressure

Etiology 

High blood pressure is a serious health problem that is 

especially prevalent and severe among minorities. 

The NHLBI supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies to identify genes linked to hypertension 

in blacks, Mexican Americans, Asians, and whites to 

determine if part of the disparity in prevalence can be 

attributed to genetic differences among the groups. 

Genes under investigation include those associated with 

the renin-angiotensin system, the autonomic nervous 

system, and sodium transport.

The role of dietary factors, particularly macronutrients, in the etiology of high blood pressure is another 

area of investigation. Scientists are conducting 
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epidemiologic studies among participants with diverse 

ethnicity, SES, and dietary habits in four countries to 

determine the effect of selected dietary components (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, antioxidants, fiber, and 

caffeine) on blood pressure. 

Researchers are also seeking to understand the role of 

obesity in the development of high blood pressure. A 

new study will investigate the effect of natriuretic peptides (hormones produced by the heart) in blood pressure 

regulation and dietary salt sensitivity, and relate findings 

to previous findings that obese individuals have 

decreased numbers of circulating natriuretic peptides. 

Approximately 40 percent of study participants are 

expected to be from minority subgroups.

Treatment and Prevention

Identifying effective treatment strategies for various 

populations requires large-scale studies with representative populations in sufficient numbers.

• SPRINT (see Chapter 11): To determine whether 

intensive lowering of systolic blood pressure below 

the currently recommended standard will reduce the 

risk of cardiovascular and kidney diseases or agerelated cognitive decline. Approximately 25 percent 

of participants will be from racial and ethnic 

populations.

The Institute also supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies to prevent hypertension and improve 

blood pressure control in racial and ethnic minorities. 

Interventions target both lay and medical communities. 

Strategies being tested include communication skill 

enhancement, organizational change, educational programs, lifestyle and nutritional counseling, use of technology, case management, pharmacy-based interventions, 

and provision of care by community health workers and 

other nontraditional providers. One study is testing a 

church-based lifestyle intervention to reduce blood pressure using group classes and motivational interviews to 

help participants make and maintain therapeutic lifestyle 

changes; approximately 400 blacks with high blood pressure are expected to participate.

Education

The NHLBI has developed a number of outreach 

activities to inform minority populations of the importance of blood pressure control. Several publications and 

Web-based products have been developed and distributed 

for health professionals, patients, and the public. Some 

examples are:

• Presión Arterial Alta: NHLBI Diseases and Conditions Index

• Keep the Beat: Control Your High Blood Pressure in 

English and Spanish

• Help Your Heart: Control Your High Blood Pressure

in Tagalog and English

• Keep Your Heart in Check—Know Your Blood Pressure Number in Vietnamese and English

• Your Choice for Change: Honoring the Gift of 

Heart Health for American Indians

High Serum Cholesterol

Etiology

The Institute supports investigator-initiated studies to 

identify genes that influence the lipoprotein profile in 

various racial and ethnic groups. Research findings 

could offer an explanation for differences in susceptibility to CHD found among the groups. A project involving 

extended families of Mexican Americans in the San 

Antonio Family Heart Study has detected and mapped 

many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for CVD risk factors, 

including some that influence HDL and LDL levels. 

Scientists are seeking to identify genes for QTLs that are 

related to lipoproteins. 

Treatment

Research has shown that patients with elevated LDL 

levels who have been advised to make lifestyle changes 

and to take statins often do not comply with the prescribed 

regimens. An investigator-initiated study is seeking to 

develop and evaluate an interactive virtual environment 

system to increase the initiation and maintenance of 

medication adherence and therapeutic lifestyle change in 

patients who are at risk for CHD. Patients will be able to 

access the system to seek advice from a virtual health 

care provider and get assistance in developing an effective care plan that is based on clinical guidelines. 
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Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on blood cholesterol for minority audiences:

• Healthy Hearts, Healthy Homes—Do You Know 

Your Cholesterol Levels? in English and Spanish

• Heart-Healthy Home Cooking African American 

Style

• Delicious Heart-Healthy Latino Recipes in English 

and Spanish

• Healthy Heart, Healthy Family—Be Heart Smart: 

Keep Your Cholesterol in Check in Tagalog and 

English

• Serve Up a Healthy Life—Give the Gift of Good 

Nutrition in Vietnamese and English

Obesity

Etiology

Obesity is a major health concern that affects children 

and adults. Minorities—including American Indians, 

blacks, and Mexican Americans—are especially at risk. 

Data from the 2007–2008 NHANES show that 34 percent of adults and 17 percent of children aged 2–19 years 

are obese. Understanding the causes of obesity could 

lead to effective strategies to combat it. A long-term 

investigator-initiated study is examining parental and 

extended family influences on the development of childhood obesity in Mexican American children.

An investigator-initiated study seeks to elucidate interconnected biological and social pathways associated with 

adolescent obesity and risk for later development of type 

2 diabetes and CVD in Latin American youth. The goal 

of the study is to identify modifiable conditions in order 

to prevent obesity and related diseases. 

The NHLBI funds several studies that focus on 

genetic risk factors for obesity in one or more minority 

populations. Evidence for obesity genes has been identified on chromosome 4 in American Indians, on chromosome 9 in Mexican Americans, and on chromosomes 

5 and 6 in blacks. In some cases, the results confirm 

those found in European Americans, and in other cases, 

the results represent novel findings. 

Researchers have found that black and Hispanic children are especially likely to develop sleep apnea. An 

investigator-initiated study will assess the role of obesity 

in the development of abnormalities that increase the 

likelihood of developing sleep apnea and whether the 

problem can be corrected with weight loss. Blacks comprise approximately 80 percent of participants. Another 

study with multi-ethnic participation is determining 

whether obese children with sleep apnea are at increased 

risk of cognitive impairment and vascular disease. 

Treatment and Prevention

The NHLBI has initiated programs to test approaches 

for treating or preventing obesity:

• EARLY Trials (see Chapter 11): To develop and 

evaluate innovative approaches for weight control in 

young adults from ethnically and socioeconomically 

diverse populations who are at high risk for weight 

gain.

• ORBIT (see Chapter 9): To translate fi ndings from 

basic research on human behavior into more effective clinical, community, and population interventions to reduce obesity and improve obesity-related 

behaviors. Some of the studies are expected to have 

50- to 100-percent participation from minority 

populations.

• COPTR Consortium (see Chapter 11): To test 

interventions to prevent excess weight gain in nonoverweight and overweight youth and to reduce 

weight in obese and severely obese youth. More 

than 50 percent of participants are expected to be 

from racial or ethnic minority populations.

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies on the effectiveness of obesity prevention and control interventions among diverse 

populations. They include testing an integrated schooland community-based intervention that involves physical activity and diet to reduce the prevalence of obesity 

among Hispanics, people of Asian heritage, and whites; 

evaluating, in a primarily minority population, the effect 

of adding environmental approaches to a standard family-based intervention to reduce overeating in obese 

children; exploring whether naturally occurring social 

support networks can help parents manage their children’s weight in a population where 40 percent of the 

children are expected to be from racial and ethnic minority populations; and evaluating an intervention that supports primary care treatment of obesity in adults with at 

least one other cardiovascular risk factor; one project 

has strong Hispanic participation. 
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 Many obese adults have difficulty breathing upon 

physical exertion and therefore are unable to exercise 

sufficiently. It is unclear whether this is because the 

individuals are in poor physical condition and could be 

helped with endurance exercise training, or whether 

obesity-related respiratory changes have occurred that 

necessitate weight loss before exercise training can be 

effective. Researchers are planning to investigate this 

question in obese individuals (approximately 40 percent 

of whom will be from minority populations) by assessing the effect of endurance exercise training (without 

weight loss) versus weight loss (without exercise training) on breathing difficulties after physical exertion.

Education

The NHLBI has prepared and distributed health information for minorities on losing excess weight: 

• Healthy Hearts, Healthy Homes—Do You Need To 

Lose Weight? in English and Spanish 

• ¿En Qué Consiste el Sobrepeso y la Obesidad? 

(What are Overweight and Obesity?) in the NHLBI 

Diseases and Conditions Index 

• We Can!®: Many bilingual (English and Spanish) 

publications on energy balance are available on the 

Web site at http://wecan.nhlbi.nih.gov

Physical Inactivity

Despite substantial research about the benefits of 

physical activity on CVD and its risk factors, physical 

inactivity is highly prevalent, especially among minority 

populations. Researchers have observed an age-related 

decline in physical activity or aerobic capacity in the 

biracial cohorts of two Institute-initiated longitudinal 

cohort studies. 

The transition from elementary school to middle 

school marks a critical stage in the development of 

young people and the period during which physical 

activity tends to decline dramatically. An investigatorinitiated study is investigating factors that contribute to 

the decline and the potential moderating effects of gender, race, socioeconomic status, and neighborhood environment on factors that influence changes in physical 

activity. A majority of participants will be from racial 

and ethnic minority populations. Another study will 

collect data on aspects of neighborhood environments 

that are most often associated with physical activity in 

adolescents and determine whether this information can 

be used, via interventions offered in the offices of pediatricians, to help children increase their physical activity. 

A third study will develop and evaluate policies to 

increase physical activity and improve nutrition during 

summer and afterschool programs sponsored by the 

YMCA; approximately 50 percent of the children in the 

programs being evaluated are expected to be black. 

Regular physical activity is important for cardiovascular health throughout life. Investigators are designing 

and evaluating a long-term, multilevel physical activity 

intervention for sedentary residents who are living in 

retirement communities. The intervention uses a variety 

of elements, including self-monitoring with a pedometer, 

group sessions and peer mentoring, and such environmental components as tailored walking maps. 

Approximately 25 percent of participants are expected 

to be from racial and ethnic minority populations.

Several investigator-initiated studies are evaluating 

culturally appropriate interventions to increase physical 

activity. Projects include those that use faith-based 

approaches involving church leaders and congregations 

to increase activity levels in blacks and those that test 

culturally targeted interventions in schools or among 

pregnant women and parents with young children. 

Several projects are using mobile phone technology to 

increase physical activity and decrease sedentary behaviors. These studies capitalize on recent advances in communication technologies, such as “smart phones,” that 

offer a new way to deliver convenient and sustainable 

adherence strategies. In one study, women are receiving 

prompts, video clips, and individualized feedback via 

their cell phones to help them increase their physical 

activity levels; approximately 60 percent of the women 

are expected to be from racial and ethnic minority populations. In another study with large minority participation, researchers are assessing a program that is designed 

to improve diet and activity levels in sedentary people 

with poor quality diets; all participants use “smart 

phones” to monitor themselves and transmit information 

to a personal coach.
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Education

The Institute has prepared and distributed the following publications for minorities on the importance of 

physical activity and ways to become more physically 

active:

• On the Move to Better Health for African Americans

• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Be 

Active for Your Heart!

• Are You at Risk for Heart Disease? in Tagalog and 

English

• Be Active for a Healthier Heart in Vietnamese and 

English 

• We Can!®: Many bilingual (English and Spanish) 

publications on physical activity and energy balance 

are available on the Web site at http://wecan.nhlbi.

nih.gov

The Institute also has developed a Web-based 

application on physical activity for lay health educators 

in English and Spanish, which can be found at 

http://hin.nhlbi.nih.gov/salud/pa/index.htm.

Smoking

Smoking is a major risk factor for CHD, stroke, 

COPD, and other cardiovascular and respiratory conditions and is the leading cause of preventable death. 

Although considerable progress has been made in reducing smoking rates and providing effective prevention and 

cessation interventions, additional research is needed to 

extend these efforts and improve the maintenance of 

behavior change. 

 The Institute has initiated smoking intervention programs in specialized groups:

• CHART (see Chapter 11): To evaluate the translation of effi cacious smoking cessation strategies 

initiated during hospitalization and continued postdischarge into effective programs that can be widely 

implemented in routine clinical practice and assess 

the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. One 

of the projects will have approximately 75 percent 

participation from Asian, Hispanic, and black 

populations.

• Longitudinal Studies of HIV-Associated Lung Infections and Complications: To develop and evaluate a 

specialized smoking cessation intervention for the 

treatment of nicotine dependence in HIVseropositive smokers who are at high risk of 

developing accelerated emphysema; 40 percent of 

participants are black.

The NHLBI supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies of smoking cessation in underserved 

populations. One study among predominately black 

women who live in public housing neighborhoods is 

evaluating smoking cessation interventions that use a 

combination of strategies—including contact with community health workers, small-group behavioral counseling, and neighborhood support groups. Another study is 

assessing the efficacy of telemedicine as a way to provide smoking cessation counseling to primary care 

patients who live in rural areas. Two studies among military personnel are testing interventions that focus on 

smoking cessation and subsequent abstinence; approximately 25–40 percent of participants are expected to 

come from racial and ethnic minority populations. 

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on smoking cessation for minorities:

• Enjoy Living Smoke Free in English and Spanish

• Be Heart Healthy: Enjoy Living Smoke Free in 

Tagalog and English

• Don’t Burn Your Life Away—Be Good to Your Heart

in Tagalog and English and in Vietnamese and 

English

Psychosocial Factors

Etiology

 A large and consistent body of evidence has demonstrated that psychosocial factors—such as depression, 

stress, and low social support—are associated with elevated risk for CVD and major adverse cardiac events in 

heart disease patients. Additionally, race and ethnicity, 

gender, and social class are important factors that can 

influence these associations in important ways.

The NHLBI is funding research to identify more precisely the nature of the relationship between depression 

and adverse cardiac outcomes and the conditions associated with successful treatment of depression. Research 

results will guide clinical care and inform future trials of 

depression treatment in heart patients and minority 
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patient populations. One study is seeking to increase 

understanding of the mechanisms that lead to death in 

depressed patients with heart disease by assessing the 

effects of stress on heart and brain function in heart disease patients with and without depression; approximately 

45 percent of participants are expected to be from minority groups. Another study is examining the potential 

epigenetic mechanisms that link depression and cardiovascular disease. More than 50 percent of participants 

are expected to be black.

The Institute supports investigator-initiated research 

on the interactions of psychosocial factors with race and 

ethnicity, environmental factors, and low SES in the 

development of CHD. Scientists are investigating the 

contribution of biobehavioral factors (hostility, anxiety, 

and heightened cardiovascular reactivity to stress) in the 

etiology, pathogenesis, and course of CHD. Racial differences in stress-induced physiologic responses are also 

being examined. 

The nature of the relationship between acute and 

chronic forms of stress and cardiac morbidity and mortality is particularly relevant to minority populations, 

because stress induced by environmental, social, and discriminatory influences can be significant. One study is 

investigating whether the effect of acute and chronic 

exposure to established risk factors (depressive symptoms, major life events, and lack of social support) for 

CVD during a 5-year period is related to a 2-year 

increase of subclinical CVD in a sample of women 

undergoing menopause. Fifty-four percent of participants will be black. Another study is examining whether 

racial disparity in AMI-recovery outcomes in older individuals is partially due to stress related to age and racial 

stigmas. Fifty percent of participants will be black. 

Other studies are seeking to clarify the physiologic pathways through which stress affects cardiovascular outcomes—including hemodynamic, sympathetic nervous 

system and neuroendocrine mechanisms, and inflammatory processes. The goal is to determine whether stress 

management interventions can alter these physiological 

indicators and improve cardiovascular outcomes.

Treatment

The Institute supports several investigator-initiated 

studies to develop and evaluate interventions to improve 

cardiovascular outcomes. One study is seeking to determine the efficacy of a mindfulness-based personalized 

health plan intervention on reducing inflammation, a 

significant predictor of future CVD, via reductions in 

traditional risk factors, selected psychosocial attributes, 

and stress-reactivity among at-risk adults. 

Approximately 30 percent of participants will be from 

minority populations. Another study is evaluating the 

effectiveness of stress management training combined 

with exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation as a way to 

reduce stress in vulnerable cardiac patients. Approximately 

25 percent of participants are black. A third study is 

developing and evaluating an intervention among racial 

minorities that reduces the impact of bias by reducing 

stereotypic perceptions that render patients and providers 

less able to communicate effectively and impair the effect 

of the visit to improve patient self-management behavior. 

Additional studies are investigating whether stress management in a high-risk population of blacks with hypertension can influence cardiovascular risk factors.

Diabetes

Etiology

Diabetes mellitus is a strong risk factor for CVD. 

Individuals with type 2 diabetes are 2 to 4 times more 

likely to be at risk for CHD than the general population. 

Using GWAS, investigators have identified several 

genetic variants for CHD in the general population. An 

investigator-initiated study is seeking to identify new 

genetic variants for excessive risk of CHD in diabetic 

patients, assess the genetic effects on intermediate biochemical changes, and examine gene–environment interactions. One of the data sources will come from the 

Costa Rican Diabetes–CHD case-control study.

Treatment and Prevention

The NHLBI supports clinical trials to determine the 

benefits of various strategies to reduce CVD among 

patients with diabetes or treat patients with coronary 

artery disease and diabetes:

• ACCORDION (see Chapter 10): To obtain longterm (10 years on average) data on ACCORD participants. More than 33 percent of participants are 

from minority populations.

• Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes 

Study─Phase II (see Chapter 11): To determine the 

effi cacy of treatments to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes in a population at high 

risk due to the presence of impaired glucose tolerance. Forty-fi ve percent of participants will be from 

minority populations.
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•	 Look AHEAD (see Chapter 11): To test the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in obese participants with type 2 diabetes over a long-term period. 

One of the clinical centers will direct its interventions toward American Indians.

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on diabetes for minorities:

•	 Healthy Hearts, Healthy Homes—Protect Your 

Heart Against Diabetes in English and Spanish

•	 Healthy Heart, Healthy Family—Protect Your 

Heart: Prevent and Control Diabetes in Tagalog 

and English

HIV-Related Cardiovascular Diseases

Use of multidrug antiretroviral therapy has improved 

life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals to the point 

that HIV/AIDS is now a chronic condition for many 

patients. As a result, CVD is now causing an increasing 

proportion of the deaths of HIV-infected individuals. 

The NHLBI initiated research on the development of 

CVD in HIV-infected patients and potential management 

strategies:

•	 Mechanisms and Management of Cardiovascular

and Metabolic Complications of HIV/AIDS: To 

elucidate the underlying mechanisms of metabolic 

and anthropometric abnormalities found in HIVinfected patients and relate the mechanisms to CVD 

risk; evaluate biomarkers and imaging methods for

assessing coronary artery disease and risk in HIV

patients; and identify strategies and approaches that 

reduce cardiovascular risk and optimize the medical

management of HIV infection. Approximately 

30–70 percent of participants are expected to come 

from racial and ethnic minority populations. 

Lung Diseases

 The NHLBI supports research on several lung 

diseases—such as asthma, sarcoidosis, TB, and HIVrelated lung diseases—that disproportionately affect 

minorities. The following section provides examples of 

research to address health disparities in lung diseases; 

selected sleep disorders are also included.

Asthma

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and 

narrows the airways. It affects people of all ages and 

most often starts in childhood. In the United States, 

more than 24 million people are known to have asthma,

and more than 7 million of them are children. Prevalence 

rates are especially high in blacks and Puerto Ricans.

Etiology 

The NHLBI has initiated additional studies to improve

understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of 

asthma:

•	 Severe Asthma Research Program (See Chapter 9): 

To define severe asthma at the molecular and cellular levels over time in order to gain an understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and provide a 

basis for design of mechanism-based diagnostic, 

prognostic, and treatment strategies for children and 

adults with severe asthma. Several of the projects 

have strong participation from minority populations.

•	 Airway Smooth Muscle Function and Targeted

Therapeutics in Human Asthma: To investigate the 

complex role that airway smooth muscle plays in the 

development of asthma and to identify innovative 

therapeutic targets. Two projects expect 30–50 percent of participants to be from minority populations.

The Institute also supports investigator-initiated projects on the etiology and pathophysiology of asthma. 

Several projects focus on the role of genetics in the 

development of asthma. One study will identify genetic,

biologic, and immunologic characteristics and environmental exposures that interact in children who experience severe bronchiolitis caused by the respiratory 

syncytial virus early in life and subsequently determine

their role in the development of asthma, airway hyperreactivity, and allergy. Forty percent of participants will be 

black. Another study will improve understanding of the

etiology of asthma and the response to asthma drugs by 

performing GWAS to determine genetic factors that are 

associated with asthma, asthma severity, and bronchodilator response in two Latino subgroups. Additional studies will identify the genes and structural genetic 

variations that contribute to childhood asthma in the 

major racial and ethnic groups in the United States and in 

Hispanic populations outside the United States. 
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Investigators are also interested in the role of stress in 

the development of asthma. One study is using a systems biology approach to determine multiple biologic 

pathways by which stress can contribute to asthma. 

Scientists are investigating whether maternal stress 

immediately before or after the birth of a child can 

adversely affect the child’s risk for wheezing and impair 

lung function later in childhood. Scientists hypothesize 

that multiple stressors that are prevalent in disadvantaged 

populations can cumulatively influence immune system 

development and airway inflammation in early life, thus 

making the populations more susceptible to other environmental factors and genetic risk factors explaining, in 

part, observed asthma disparities associated with SES 

and race and ethnicity. 

A group of scientists has speculated that vitamin D 

deficiency in pregnant mothers may lead to faulty 

immune system development in the neonate, predisposing 

the neonate to asthma and allergy. To test the hypothesis, 

scientists will determine whether supplemental vitamin 

D intake to increase the level of vitamin D in pregnant 

women will prevent asthma and allergy in their children 

at age 3 years. More than 50 percent of participants are 

from racial and ethnic minority populations. 

Research findings suggest that obesity and asthma are 

complex disorders that may have shared genetic determinants. An investigator-initiated study is seeking to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are 

jointly associated with asthma and obesity, using data 

from the CAMP study, and subsequently validate the 

SNPs in three independent and diverse (Hispanic, black, 

and white) cohorts.

Treatment and Control

The Institute has initiated research to identify optimal 

strategies for treatment and management of asthma. 

Because the burden of asthma disproportionately affects 

minority children, it is important for them to be well represented in clinical trials.

• AsthmaNet (see Chapter 11): To develop and conduct multiple clinical trials to identify optimal therapies for a variety of asthma phenotypes, genotypes, 

and racial and ethnic backgrounds in pediatric and 

adult populations. Approximately 30 percent of 

participants will be from minority populations.

The Institute also supports two investigator-initiated 

clinical trials to evaluate treatment strategies in asthma 

patients. STAN (see Chapter 9) is seeking to determine 

whether treatment of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis with 

nasal steroids will improve the control of asthma. Thirtythree percent of participants are expected to be from 

minority populations. SOYA (see Chapter 9) expects to 

determine whether supplementation with soy isoflavones 

among persons with poorly controlled asthma improves 

both lung function and markers of airway inflammation. 

Thirty-three percent of participants are expected to be 

from minority populations. 

Quality of life (QOL) measures can assist health care 

providers in the treatment of asthma. Based on recommendations by the Asthma Related Quality of Life 

Subcommittee of the Asthma Outcomes Workshop held 

in 2010, new instruments are being developed and tested 

to measure more comprehensively the effects of asthma 

on QOL. Approximately 30 percent of participants will 

be from racial and ethnic minority populations. 

One way to reduce asthma health disparities and 

reduce harm is to begin treatment in early childhood. 

Studies have shown that asthma education programs can 

improve overall management of asthma in preschool 

children. A study in Baltimore, Maryland, is partnering 

with Head Start to compare the efficacy of early intervention plus asthma education versus asthma education 

alone in reducing asthma morbidity. Nearly all participants will be black.

The Institute is supporting several investigator-initiated studies focusing on finding effective treatment for 

various populations. One study in whites, blacks, and 

Hispanics is creating an asthma self-management skills 

training program for children and their parents. The program is being created for Web, CD–ROM, and DVD formats and focuses on improving understanding of asthma, 

preventing asthma attacks, and creating an asthma management plan. Another study is seeking to improve 

health among urban black adolescents with asthma by 

using peer support—enhanced by a culturally sensitive, 

technology-based MP3 player platform—to increase 

adherence to daily controller medications. A third study 

is evaluating a Web-based intervention program that 

addresses asthma management and avoidance of tobacco 

use in rural, black adolescent boys. A fourth study is 
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assessing the effects of heart rate variability biofeedback 

on airway reactivity and inflammation to determine 

whether biofeedback can be useful for treating asthma; 

approximately 35 percent of participants will be from 

minority groups. 

Many individuals with asthma have poor disease management. An investigator-initiated study is determining 

whether an intervention designed to stimulate communication between caregivers and clinicians and to contain 

individualized guideline-based recommendations for 

care, administered in urban primary care offices, reduces 

morbidity among urban children with asthma; 50 percent 

of participants are black. Another study is addressing 

asthma disparities that persist among high-risk children 

who live in rural, medically underserved areas by testing 

a school-based telemedicine approach that will deliver 

asthma education to rural children with asthma, their 

caregivers, and school nurses. The approach also 

prompts the children’s primary care physicians with 

treatment recommendations. Approximately 75 percent 

of participants will be black. 

A study in high-risk black adolescents with moderate 

to severe asthma is testing the effectiveness of an intensive home- and community-based psychotherapy intervention to improve asthma management and reduce the 

number of hospitalizations and visits to emergency 

departments. Black women will be the target of a study 

to improve asthma management by using a highly tailored 

telephone counseling approach to foster a partnership 

between women and a clinician. A study of obese adults, 

for which approximately 40 percent will be from minority populations, will evaluate the efficacy of an evidencebased lifestyle weight loss intervention to control asthma.

Investigators are also interested in evaluating whether 

cultural competency training for primary care physicians 

who primarily serve black or Hispanic communities will 

improve the asthma outcomes of their patients.

Symptoms of depression are commonly found in 

patients with asthma. A pilot study using an antidepressant to treat outpatients with major depression and 

asthma showed that patients who received treatment 

experience greater sustained remission of depressive 

symptoms and require significantly less oral corticosteroids for asthma management than the group who 

received placebo. Based on these findings, scientists are 

implementing a definitive antidepressant study in 

patients with asthma and major depression. Most participants will be black or Hispanic. 

Education

The Institute is supporting several education activities 

through the National Asthma Control Initiative (NACI), 

which was developed by the National Asthma Education 

and Prevention Program (NAEPP) and is coordinated by 

the NHLBI. The NACI seeks to accelerate the adoption 

of six priority action messages from the latest asthma 

guidelines to improve clinical practices and outcomes. 

NACI Demonstration Projects, Strategic Partner Projects, 

and Clinical Champions Projects are implementing strategies in racial and ethnic minority communities to 

address asthma health disparities in diverse populations. 

The Institute has developed materials on asthma treatment and control: 

• So You Have Asthma

• My Asthma Wallet Card

• Asthma Action Plan

• Asthma and Physical Activity in the School

The Institute also disseminates clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and monitoring of asthma, patient 

education materials, and information on environmental 

control of allergens in the United States and throughout 

the world.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD—a disease in which the lungs are damaged, 

making breathing difficult—is the third leading cause of 

death in the United States. It is responsible for more than 

500,000 hospitalizations and more than 130,000 deaths 

in the United States each year.

Etiology

The NHLBI is supporting a large, investigator-initiated study of genetic factors that determine the risk of 

developing COPD or that influence the type and extent 

of damage done to the body by the disease. The 

COPDGeneTM study has enrolled more than 3,000 blacks 

with a substantial history of cigarette smoking, obtained 

extensive baseline clinical and phenotypic data regarding 

the individuals, and compared the severity and character 
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of COPD in the subjects to analyses of their DNA. 

Genome-wide genetic assays will be performed on a substantial fraction of this cohort.

Although COPD is less common among blacks than 

among whites, it is nevertheless the seventh leading 

cause of death among blacks. Any disparity, whether 

higher or lower in the minority group, may reflect racial 

differences in the biology of the disease that would 

require use of different treatments or drugs for optimal 

disease management. If the genes found to be determinants of COPD risk differ in blacks and whites, this will 

provide clues to how the roles of specific pathogenetic 

pathways of COPD differ among races.

Treatment and Control 

The Institute has established a research network to 

determine effective disease management approaches for 

individuals with moderate-to-severe COPD:

• COPD Clinical Research Network (see Chapter 11): 

To perform collaborative, therapeutic interventional 

trials of medications, devices, and disease management strategies in individuals with moderate-tosevere COPD. In addition to evaluating treatment 

effi cacy, network studies include examinations of 

genetic factors, biomarkers, or genomic/proteomic 

profi les that may identify patients who are more or 

less likely to benefi t from various treatments. 

Twenty-two percent of participants are minorities.

In addition, in collaboration with the Centers for 

Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Institute is sponsoring a clinical trial of supplemental oxygen treatment in 

COPD patients:

• LOTT (see Chapter 11): To test whether long-term 

oxygen therapy can reduce disability and prolong 

life in COPD patients who have moderate resting 

hypoxemia or severe hypoxemia during exercise.

Education

The NHLBI has developed a number of outreach 

activities associated with COPD. Several publications 

and Web-based products have been developed and distributed for health professionals, patients, and the public. 

Some examples include:

• COPD education Web site: http://www.nhlbi.nih.

gov/health/public/lung/copd/index.htm

• COPD Learn More Breathe Better Campaign

Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown 

etiology characterized by persistent granulomas with 

damage to surrounding tissue. The Institute supports 

research into the basic mechanisms of sarcoidosis and 

new and improved treatments for it. 

Sarcoidosis occurs more frequently and with more 

severity in blacks than in whites, suggesting the presence 

of genetic determinants to disease predisposition. To 

increase understanding of the disease, researchers are 

seeking to identify genes of African ancestry that play a 

significant role in its etiology and pathogenesis. Other 

possible causes of sarcoidosis are also being investigated. 

A mentored research project conducted within the 

Black Women’s Health Study is investigating potential 

risk factors for sarcoidosis.

Diagnostic tools and treatment approaches for sarcoidosis are lacking. A new study supported by the Instituteinitiated CADET Program (see Chapter 9) is seeking to 

develop a skin test for diagnosing sarcoidosis and to 

establish an approach for treating sarcoidosis with oral 

vaccines. 

Sleep Disorders

Etiology 

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), a condition characterized by repetitive interruption in breathing, is a common disorder that disproportionately affects blacks. It is 

associated with an increased risk of CVD, including 

hypertension and stroke, and is particularly prevalent in 

patients with heart failure. Ongoing programs are assessing the interrelationship between sleep disorders and 

heart failure and the mechanisms leading to cardiovascular stress when the two intersect. 

The Institute also supports investigator-initiated projects to elucidate cardiovascular and other health consequences of SDB, sleep deprivation, and shift work in 

various community settings. One study is testing associations between indices of sleep apnea and the quality, 

duration, and timing of sleep with indices of cardiovascular risk and disease to address the role of sleep disorders in CVD development in minority populations. 

Approximately 60 percent of participants are expected to 

be from racial and ethnic minority groups. Another study 
 150 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities 

is measuring the association between sleep duration and 

nervous system, cardiovascular, and metabolic health and 

dysfunction and overall body inflammation; approximately 70 percent of participants are expected to be from 

minority populations. A third study is investigating sleep 

apnea in stroke patients, collecting and analyzing data on 

prevalence, relationship to ethnicity, and the association 

between stroke type and outcomes; approximately 65 

percent of participants are expected to be from racial and 

ethnic minority groups.

In an ancillary study to the Hispanic Community 

Health Study, investigators are collecting measurements 

of sleep patterns from several Hispanic subgroups. 

Investigators will analyze the prevalence of altered sleep 

patterns and define the importance of psychosocial factors (e.g., home- and work-related factors and mood, as 

well as cultural factors) in predicting abnormal sleep patterns. They will also evaluate associations between poor 

sleep and cardiovascular health outcomes, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease. 

Treatment and Control

The Institute initiated a pilot study to guide design of 

phase III clinical trials to test whether treatment of 

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with positive airway pressure (PAP) reduces CVD risk:

• Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Through 

Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: To evaluate 

the treatment of OSA using PAP. The study will 

provide information about the feasibility of longterm (12 to 18 months) PAP treatment of OSA in 

patients who are at risk of CVD. The study will 

also provide data about the effects of PAP on surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk. Approximately 

40 percent of participants will be from minority 

populations.

A new study supported by the Institute-initiated 

CADET Program is seeking to develop reliable urinary 

biomarker measures that can be used to screen and diagnose OSA in children, thereby facilitating timely treatment and prevention of OSA-associated morbidities. 

Approximately 80 percent of participants are expected to 

be from minority populations. 

Investigator-initiated research will also assess treatment strategies in minorities. One study is developing 

in-home personalized sleep plans to improve nightly 

sleep duration, neurocognitive function, and behavioral 

disorders in lower income minority children (ages 5 and 

6 years). Another study will measure effects of continuous compliance to PAP therapy on neurocognitive function (including academic achievement, attention, working 

memory, decision making, and mental flexibility) in children. Parental reports of child behaviors and sleep patterns will also be assessed. Approximately 60 percent of 

participants will be from minority populations. A third 

study will advance understanding of endothelial activation processes in OSA patients and may enable early 

identification of OSA patients who are at risk for vascular diseases. Results may also provide the basis for 

developing new therapeutic strategies for preventing or 

reversing vascular risk in OSA patients. Approximately 

90 percent of participants are expected to be from minority populations.

HIV-Related Lung Diseases

HIV infection disproportionately affects minority populations in the United States and due to multidrug antiretroviral therapy, has become a chronic condition for many 

patients. Among them, HIV-associated lung complications are frequent causes of illness and death. But the 

long-term consequences of HIV infection and HIVassociated lung infections and complications are 

unknown. Little is known about drug-resistant 

Pneumocystis, the prevalence and pathogenesis of HIVassociated COPD, HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension, and immune reconstitution syndromes. In 

developing countries where millions of people are 

infected with HIV, many have serious or fatal lung complications, including TB and bacterial pneumonias, that 

have never been characterized well. Lung and cardiovascular diseases, usually more prevalent in older populations, are having an increasing effect on HIV-infected 

populations in the United States and other industrialized 

nations where the average age of HIV-infected individuals has increased due to effective antiretroviral therapy. 

The effect is exacerbated because lung and cardiovascular complications are occurring in relatively young age 

groups in HIV-infected populations.

Etiology 

In addition to supporting investigator-initiated 

research on the etiology and pathogenesis of HIVassociated lung diseases, the Institute has initiated 

research to understand their causes and impact and to 
 151 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities 

identify potential therapeutic targets and preventive 

strategies:

• Longitudinal Studies of HIV-Associated Lung Infections and Complications: To accelerate research on 

lung complications associated with HIV-infection by 

characterizing lung infections, other HIV-associated 

lung complications, and their consequences in longitudinal studies in existing HIV-infected cohorts and 

other established groups of patients who are HIVinfected. Depending on the center, participation 

from minority populations ranges from approximately 40 to 100 percent.

• Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract in 

HIV-Infected Individuals and HIV-Uninfected Controls (see Chapter 9): To characterize the microbiome of the lung alone or in combination with the 

upper airways in HIV-infected individuals and 

matched HIV-uninfected controls using molecular 

techniques to identify bacteria and if possible other 

organisms (e.g., viruses, cell-wall defi cient organisms, protozoa, and fungi). Enrollment from minority populations is expected to range from 35 to 76 

percent.

Tuberculosis

TB is a common and often deadly infectious disease 

caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the United 

States, an estimated 10–15 million people are infected 

with the TB bacterium. Although the majority of those 

infected remain healthy (latent TB infection), a small 

percentage develops active tuberculosis. The rates of 

both TB infection and active TB among minorities and in 

the foreign-born remain high. In 2008, according to the 

CDC, more than 58 percent of all active TB cases in the 

United States were among the foreign-born. Racial disparity in TB rates was greatest for U.S.-born blacks, 

whose rate was 7-times higher than the rate for U.S.-born 

whites.

Etiology 

The immune response to TB infection is complex and 

involves the formation of granulomas in the lungs of 

infected individuals. In 2010, the Institute began a systems biology approach to identify the mechanisms of TB 

latency and reactivation.

• Systems Biology Approach to the Mechanisms of 

TB Latency and Reactivation: To investigate mechanisms of latency and reactivation of TB in the host 

using integrated systems biology approaches. A collaborative program consisting of fi ve Tuberculosis 

Systems Biology Centers and a Data Coordinating 

Center will integrate data from humans and animal 

models with computational and mathematical models in a comprehensive systems biology approach to 

increase understanding of latent TB and the factors 

that lead to its reactivation. Depending on the center, minority enrollment in the U.S. populations 

under study is expected to range from approximately 

30 to 66 percent. Several of the grants in this program will study international populations in Africa 

and Asia.

The Institute also supports investigator-initiated 

research that characterizes genes associated with TB susceptibility; investigates host lung defenses, including 

immune responses to infection; and examines the impact 

of TB on HIV disease. A genetics study will seek to finemap chromosomal regions that have been linked to resistance to TB. The study also plans to analyze innate 

immune responses and model genetic predictors of resistance using data from a long-term household contact 

study conducted in Uganda. 

Treatment and Control

The NHLBI supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies on understanding the relationship 

between the immune system and TB. Most of the studies are being conducted among patients from minority 

populations. One study is seeking new approaches to 

diagnosing and treating active TB in sub-Saharan Africa 

and other parts of the world. The study may also help to 

identify new markers that can predict response to TB 

therapy. Another study is determining whether different 

strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause different 

responses in individuals from various racial and ethnic 

groups. Results of this study may increase understanding 

about tailoring vaccines to specific populations. A third 

study is testing the efficacy of daily vitamin D supplementation, added to multidrug therapy, to improve antimicrobial immune response to TB infection in residents 

of Mongolia.

Blood Diseases

The NHLBI supports basic, translational, and clinical 

research on SCD and thalassemia (Cooley’s anemia) with 

the goal of curing the disorders and improving patient 

care. The Institute also supports a deep vein thrombosis 

and venous disease program and programs in transfusion 
 152 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities 

medicine, blood banking and blood products safety, and 

such cellular therapies as bone marrow transplantation.

Sickle Cell Disease

Basic and Translational Research

SCD, the most common inherited blood disorder in the 

United States, affects an estimated 70,000 to 100,000 

Americans, most of whom are black. SCD occurs in 

about 1 in 500 blacks and 1 in 36,000 Hispanics. The disease is characterized by anemia, severe infections, acute 

and chronic pain, and organ damage. SCD, the first 

molecular disease described, was shown to be due to a 

single amino acid substitution on the beta chain of 

hemoglobin. 

Since 1972, the NHLBI has supported an extensive 

research program to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of SCD, identify better approaches for its 

diagnosis and treatment, and prevent complications.

Basic and translational research currently focuses on 

genetic influences on disease manifestations, regulation 

of hemoglobin synthesis, discovery of drugs to increase 

fetal hemoglobin production, transplantation of bloodforming stem cells, gene therapy, pain research, and 

development of animal models for preclinical studies. 

Institute-initiated programs include:

• BTRP (see Chapter 9): To conduct comprehensive 

research, training, and education efforts related to 

SCD. The BTRP seeks to improve understanding of 

SCD pathophysiology and develop cures or 

improved medical management of the disease.

• Ancillary Studies in Clinical Trials: To conduct 

time-sensitive ancillary studies in conjunction with 

ongoing Phase II-III clinical trials or network clinical trials related to heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. One study is using proteomic 

approaches to identify biomarkers of early cerebral 

ischemia in children with SCD. Identifying such 

circulating biomarkers may allow earlier therapeutic 

intervention in these children.

• Exploratory Studies in the Neurobiology of Pain in 

Sickle Cell Disease: To conduct basic and translational research on the neurobiology of pain in SCD 

and to develop effective pharmacologic treatments.

Investigator-initiated studies are exploring new methods to reactivate fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression for 

the treatment of SCD and thalassemia; elucidating the 

mechanism of hypercoagulation in SCD; examining the 

relationships between analgesia, biomarkers, and pain 

levels in adults with SCD; and investigating the mechanisms underlying pain in SCD in order to develop more 

effective pain therapies. 

Gene therapy is another area of focus. One project is 

exploring lentiviral gene therapy for SCD, and another is 

studying the application of induced pluripotent stem cell 

technology to replace the defective sickle beta-globin 

gene with a normal gene in a SCD mouse model. 

Researchers are seeking to translate their results to 

human cells that will become the foundation for future 

clinical trials.

Through the SBIR and the STTR programs, the 

NHLBI supports translational projects to develop therapeutics and tools that can be used to treat patients with 

SCD and other hemoglobinopathies. Recent projects are 

investigating a safer and more affordable method to correct autologous hematopoietic stem cells in SCD and 

other genetic disorders; identifying antisickling compounds in a mixture of botanicals that can provide leads 

for developing new synthetic antisickling compounds; 

evaluating agents to increase hemoglobin F expression; 

testing a humanized monoclonal antibody drug for treatment of vaso-occlusive crisis; and advancing use of small 

molecule organic catalysts to create a new class of drugs 

to prevent sickle cell hemoglobin polymerization. The 

NHLBI also supports a project to develop a Web interface tool that can be used to improve the quality of care 

received by SCD patients during hospital emergency 

room visits.

Clinical Research

The NHLBI is committed to finding improved treatments and ultimately a cure for SCD and other hemoglobinopathies. Institute-initiated studies have begun to 

yield therapies that will alleviate the symptoms of sickle 

cell anemia and procedures that should ultimately cure 

the disease.

• BABY HUG (see Chapter 11): To assess the effectiveness of hydroxyurea during a 2-year treatment 

period in preventing onset of chronic organ damage 

in young black children who have sickle cell anemia. Although the primary goals of preserving 

spleen and renal function were not achieved, data 

show markedly reduced numbers of vaso-occlusive 
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 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities 

events and improved hematologic counts. An observational study is following the cohort to learn more 

about long-term effects of hydroxyurea.

• Sildenafi l for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension (walkPHaSST) Follow-Up (see 

Chapter 11): To use datasets and biorepository specimens from the closed trial to assess the effects of 

genetic factors on hematologic, cardiopulmonary, 

and pain phenotypes in individuals with hemoglobin 

SS disease and to explore phenotypic variations in 

individuals with hemoglobin SC disease. 

• Planning Grants for Clinical Trials in Hemoglobinopathies: To support pilot studies to obtain data that 

are critical for the design of robust clinical trials, 

especially Phase II and III clinical trials in the major 

hemoglobinopathies, SCD, and the thalassemias. 

• Ancillary Studies in Clinical Trials: To conduct 

time-sensitive ancillary studies in conjunction with 

ongoing clinical trials and other large clinical studies 

that are related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and 

sleep disorders. One study is assessing the treatment 

response of children who are experiencing acute 

sickle cell pain episodes to determine the effectiveness of magnesium therapy (parent trial). 

The Institute supports research to assist hematologists 

in their ability to assess clinical outcomes:

• Adult Sickle Cell Quality of Life Measurement Information System (see Chapter 10): To develop, validate, 

and disseminate a psychometrically sound and clinically useful instrument to assess health-related quality 

of life among adults with SCD. This system is fully 

integrated into an NIH Roadmap Patient-Reported 

Outcomes Measurement Information System.

The Institute is supporting two investigator-initiated 

clinical trials for children with SCD. One trial in children with abnormal transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocities is comparing standard therapy (transfusions) with 

alternative therapy (hydroxyurea) for maintenance of 

TCD velocities. The other is seeking to determine the 

effect of hydroxyurea treatment on the cumulative incidence of conversion from conditional to abnormal TCD 

velocities.

The Institute is also supporting a follow-up study on 

cohorts of children from the Stroke Prevention in Sickle 

Cell Anemia (STOP) and STOP II trials. Although the 

trials had major implications for managing SCD in children, the real-world effects of the tested approach have 

yet to be determined. The current study uses a retrospective chart review of databases that contain trial and posttrial data to determine the effectiveness of chronic 

transfusion therapy and TCD screening in actual clinical 

practice rather than in just a randomized clinical trial. 

The study will gather information to support the development of treatment guidelines and improve the care of 

individuals with SCD.

Education

The NHLBI has developed the Sickle Cell Disease 

Information Center (http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/new/

sicklecell.htm), a Web site that contains information for 

the public and health professionals. 

Thalassemia 

Thalassemia is an inherited disorder in which red 

blood cells with abnormal forms of hemoglobin are produced. The disorder, which results in excessive destruction of red blood cells and anemia, affects primarily 

people of African, Asiatic Indian, Chinese, 

Mediterranean, and Southeast Asian origin.

Institute-initiated activities include:

• RuSH (See Chapter 10): To test, in a pilot project, 

the feasibility of developing a national data system 

that will enable investigators to estimate the number 

of people who have SCD, thalassemias, and hemoglobinopathies and to describe their sociodemographic characteristics. 

• Innovators in Hemoglobinopathies Academic Career 

Development Award: To advance the development 

of clinician scientists who have implemented innovative programs for patients with SCD or thalassemia but who have not been on a research track.

An investigator-initiated study is also examining 

hematopoietic transplantation and gene therapy 

approaches to cure thalassemia. 

Deep Vein Thrombosis and Venous Disease

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition 

that can cause significant disability and death if not 

promptly diagnosed and effectively treated. 

Approximately 2–3 million individuals in the United 

States develop venous thromboembolism each year, and 

of them, 60,000 die primarily of pulmonary embolism. 

The Institute initiated a program to improve understanding of deep vein thrombosis and venous disease. 
 154 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities 

• Deep Vein Thrombosis and Venous Disease: To 

improve diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of 

venous thrombotic diseases in order to enhance 

patient health and well-being. Several of the projects have substantial participation from minority 

populations.

Warfarin sodium, an anticoagulant drug, is prescribed 

to millions of patients each year to prevent thromboembolism. However, warfarin has an unusually narrow 

therapeutic range and is difficult to dose properly. To 

address this problem, the Institute is supporting several 

investigator-initiated studies to determine environmental 

and genetic factors that influence patient response to 

warfarin. Fifty to 60 percent of participants are from 

racial and ethnic minority populations. 

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics

The NHLBI supports research on the use, safety, and 

availability of blood and blood components for 

transfusion and cellular therapies that are seeking to 

reach minority populations:

• Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network (BMT CRN) (see Chapter 11): In collaboration with the NCI, to perform clinical trials that 

advance hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 

To reach minority populations, the BMT CRN supports bilingual transplant center personnel and provides public Web pages and educational materials. 

In addition, the Network is working with the 

National Marrow Donor Program to develop strategies and implement procedures to enhance enrollment of patients from minority groups.

• The Sickle Cell Unrelated Transplant Trial: To 

assess unrelated donor marrow and umbilical cord 

blood transplantation for severe SCD. The trial, 

supported by the BMT CRN and the Sickle Cell 

Disease Clinical Research Network, is the fi rst 

Phase II study to assess the promise of this therapy 

as a curative option for patients who are severely 

affected by SCD. 

• PACT (see Chapter 10): To manufacture clinical 

grade mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for a clinical 

trial that will examine the safety of infusing MSC 

during the transplantation process. Data from other 

studies demonstrate that MSC can facilitate the 

acceptance of the foreign cells being infused into a 

patient and help to repair blood vessels that have 

been damaged during the circulation of “sickled” 

red blood cells.
 155 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

Graduate Training

Program (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

Graduate Training

Program (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*

 13. Research Training and Career

 Development Programs 

 Dollars (Millions) 

 Number of Trainees 

 NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

 * National Research Service Awards (NRSA).

 NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 

 * National Research Service Awards (NRSA).

 Note: Numbers of awards and trainees may not agree with other tables due to the method of counting supplements. 

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

Fiscal Year 

 2,000

 1,800

 1,600

 1,400

 1,200

 1,000

 800

 600

 400

 200

 0 

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

 Research Career 

Programs

 Fellowship Programs 

(NRSA)* 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

Fiscal Year 

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

 Research Career 

Programs

 Fellowship Programs 

(NRSA)*

 90

 80

 70

 60

 50

 40

 30

 20

 10

 0 
 156 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2011

 Number 

of Awards 

Obligated 

 Trainees 

(Full-time 

Training 

Positions) Direct Cost 

 Indirect

Cost Total Cost 

 Percent 

of Total 

NHLBI 

Training 

Program 

Dollars 

 Fellowship Programs 

 Individual Predoctoral NRSA for 

M.D./Ph.D. (F30) 

88 88 $ 3,297,797 $ — $ 3,297,797 3.4%

 Predoctoral Individual NRSA (F31) 46 46 1,561,809 — 1,561,809 1.6

 Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32) 112 112 5,766,781 — 5,766,781 6.0

 Senior Fellowships NRSA (F33) — — — — — —

 Subtotal, Fellowships 246 246 10,626,387 — 10,626,387 7.7

 Graduate Training Programs 

 Institutional NRSA (T32) 237 1,667 76,108,416 6,428,051 82,536,467* 87.1

 Minority Institutional NRSA (T32) 4 27 885,279 63,229 948,508 1.0

 Off-Quarter Professional Student

Training NRSA (T34, T35) 

16 86 1,746,722 157,501 1,904,223 2.0

 Short-Term Training for Minority

Students (T35M) 

—— — —— —

 Subtotal, Graduate Training Programs 257 1,780 78,740,417 6,648,781 85,389,198 90.0

 Total, Training Programs 503 2,026 $89,366,804 $6,648,781 $96,015,585 100.0%

 *

 Excludes assessment of $1,982,000.
 157 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

 Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 Fellowship Programs 

 Individual Predoctoral 

NRSA for M.D./Ph.D. 

(F30) 

 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 641 $ 2,191 $ 3,024 $ 3,297

 Predoctoral Individual 

NRSA (F31) 

 264 478 563 549 794 1,202 1,509 1,888 2,009 2,094 1,562

 Postdoctoral Individual 

NRSA (F32) 

 8,515 8,887 7,868 8,128 8,813 8,790 6,684 6,487 6,012 6,559 5,767

 Senior Fellowships 

NRSA (F33) 

 147 84 112 144 58 53 — 59 118 — — 

 Subtotal, Fellowships 8,926 9,449 8,543 8,821 9,665 10,045 8,193 9,075 10,330 11,677 10,626

 Graduate Training 

Programs 

 Institutional NRSA 

(T32) 

 58,516A 62,999B 69,951C 71,229D 70,524E 71,831F 78,343G 80,373H 81,453I

 81,319J 82,536K

 Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32) 

 996 1,092 1,006 734 1,184 743 780 688 349 1,050 949

 Off-Quarter 

Professional Student 

Training NRSA (T34, 

T35) 

 1,974 1,987 1,975 1,993 2,233 2,215 2,411 2,021 2,202 1,941 1,904

 MARC (T36) 5 — — — — — — — — — —

 Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students 

(T35M) 

 1,877 2,057 2,594 2,671 2,976 2,527 1,673 804 283 — —

 Subtotal, Training 

Grants 

 63,368 68,135 75,526 76,627 76,917 77,316 83,207 83,886 84,287 84,310 85,389

 Total, Training 

Programs 

 $72,294A $77,584B $84,069C $85,448D $86,582E $87,361F $91,400G $92,961H $94,617I

 $95,987J $96,015K

 A Excludes Assessment of $1,424,000.

 B Excludes Assessment of $1,584,000.

 C Excludes Assessment of $1,716,000.

 D Excludes Assessment of $1,744,000.

 E Excludes Assessment of $1,764,000.

 F Excludes Assessment of $1,818,000.

 G Excludes Assessment of $1,916,000.

 H Excludes Assessment of $1,912,000.

I Excludes Assessment of $1,960,000.

J Excludes Assessment of $1,976,000.

K Excludes Assessment of $1,982,000.
 158 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 

Number of Positions

Fiscal Year

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 Fellowship Programs 

 Individual Predoctoral NRSA for 

M.D./Ph.D. (F30) 

 — — — — — — — 20 63 85 88 

 Predoctoral Individual 

NRSA (F31) 

 12 18 19 18 25 32 44 56 59 62 46 

 Postdoctoral Individual NRSA 

(F32) 

 208 194 164 168 176 171 130 125 118 128 112 

 Senior Fellowships NRSA (F33) 3 2 2 3 1 2 — 1 2 — — 

 Subtotal, Fellowships 223 214 185 189 202 205 174 202 242 275 246 

 Graduate Training Programs 

 Institutional NRSA (T32) 1,425 1,482 1,542 1,578 1,540 1,512 1,585 1,525 1,602 1,660 1,667 

 Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32) 

 43 39 42 32 35 26 23 18 19 26 27 

 Off-Quarter Professional 

Student Training NRSA 

(T34, T35) 

 109 179 93 99 95 104 105 93 102 91 86 

 Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students (T35M) 

 93 30 107 119 128 99 77 48 24 — — 

 Subtotal, Training Grants 1,670 1,730 1,784 1,828 1,798 1,741 1,790 1,684 1,747 1,777 1,780 

 Total, Training Positions 1,893 1,944 1,969 2,017 2,000 1,946 1,964 1,886 1,989 2,052 2,026 
 159 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K01) 

 44 54 47 46 45 40 35 35 37 47 45 

 Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research 

Scientist Development Award (K01) 

 9 2 7 6 4 4 5 7 5 6 5 

 Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research 

Ethics (K01) 

 — — 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 — — 

 Independent Scientist Award (K02) 34 33 32 31 32 24 25 22 19 19 21 

 Research Career Award (K06) 2 2 2 1 1 1 — — — — — 

 Tuberculosis Academic Award (K07) 5 — — — — — — — — — — 

 Sleep Academic Award (K07) 12 8 — — — — — — — — — 

 Nutrition Academic Award (K07) 19 19 9 9 — — — — — — — 

 Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Academic

Award (K07) 

 — — — — — — 4 4 4 4 4 

 Cultural Competence and Health Disparities 

Academic Award (K07) 

 — — — 8 14 18 18 18 9 4 —

Innovators in Hemoglobinopathies Care Career 

Development Award (K07)

 — — — — — — — — — — 2

 Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08) 241 236 240 229 239 226 214 210 232 218 210 

 Research Career Development Program 

in Vascular Medicine (K12) 

 — — — — — 2 7 7 7 — 3

 Clinical Hematology Research Career 

Development Program (K12) 

 — — — — — 6 6 6 6 6 — 

 Genetics and Genomics of Lung Diseases

Career Development Program (K12) 

 — — — — — — 8 8 8 8 — 

Clinical Research Career Development Programs in 

Emergency Medicine (K12)

 — — — — — — — — — — 6

 Minority School Faculty Development Award (K14) 1 — — — — — — — — — — 

 Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

(K18) 

 — — 1 5 3 2 4 6 3 4 5 

 NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22) — — — 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 

 Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career 

Development Award (K23) 

 58 90 110 122 127 122 120 133 149 160 170 

 Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24) 

 27 37 38 32 32 33 29 29 34 35 34 

 Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development 

Award (K25) 

 2 7 9 12 17 16 15 15 15 15 15 

 Clinical Research Curriculum Award (K30) 55 55 55 55 —* 14 16 — — — — 

 Career Transition Award (K99) — — — — — — 24 47 42 64 47 

 Total, Research Career Programs 509 543 552 559 519 512 534 549 572 591 570 

 * In FY 2005, NHLBI relinquished management of the K30 program and as a result did not receive the grant count. 
 160 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

 Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award for Minority 

Faculty (K01) 

 $ 5,556 $ 5,711 $ 6,156 $ 6,150 $ 6,088 $ 5,453 $ 4,718 $ 4,574 $ 4,745 $ 6,089 $ 5,860 

 Minority Institution Faculty 

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award (K01) 

 1,143 1,703 991 867 588 567 698 949 663 804 668

 Mentored Scientist Development 

Award in Research Ethics (K01) 

 — — 255 253 355 358 357 102 164 62 126 

 Independent Scientist Award (K02) 3,202 3,130 3,099 3,079 3,218 2,421 2,511 2,184 1,880 1,847 2,076 

 Research Career Award (K06) 70 69 69 34 34 34 — — — — — 

 Tuberculosis Academic Award (K07) 396 — — — — — — — — — — 

 Sleep Academic Award (K07) 1,081 722 — — — — — — — — — 

 Nutrition Academic Award (K07) 2,869 2,906 1,472 1,516 — — — — — — — 

 Pediatrics Transfusion Medicine 

Academic Award (K07) 

 — — — — — — 486 486 486 486 486 

 Cultural Competence and Health 

Disparities Academic Award (K07) 

 — — — 925 1,620 2,109 2,232 2,197 1,138 562 —

Innovators in Hemoglobinopathies 

Care Career Development Award 

(K07)

 — — — — — — — — — — 574

 Clinical Investigator Development 

Award (K08) 

 29,263 29,295 30,288 29,037 30,429 28,973 27,286 27,005 29,706 28,165 27,166 

 Research Career Development 

Program in Vascular Medicine 

(K12) 

 — — — — — 772 3,206 5,499 7,325 — 2,499

 Clinical Hematology Research Career 

Development Program (K12) 

 — — — — — 2,360 2,367 2,364 2,375 2,371 —

 Genetics and Genomics of Lung 

Diseases Career Development 

Program (K12) 

 — — — — — — 3,154 3,190 3,190 3,194 —

Clinical Research Career 

Development Programs in 

Emergency Medicine (K12)

 — — — — — — — — — — 1,186

 Minority School Faculty Development 

Award (K14) 

 98 — — — — — — — — — — 

 Career Enhancement Award for Stem 

Cell Research (K18) 

 — — 243 980 512 213 652 1,014 477 706 789 

 NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22) — — — 185 364 178 160 162 162 162 699 

 Mentored Patient-Oriented Research 

Career Development Award (K23) 

 7,570 11,909 14,571 16,216 17,086 16,720 16,419 18,556 20,831 22,368 23,871 

 Midcareer Investigator Award in 

Patient-Oriented Research (K24) 

 2,877 4,058 4,368 3,815 3,929 4,315 4,037 4,161 5,078 5,942 5,851 

 Mentored Quantitative Research 

Career Development Award (K25) 

 272 921 1,195 1,622 2,206 2,184 2,077 2,082 1,996 2,134 2,110 

 Clinical Research Curriculum Award 

(K30) 

 3,073 3,090 3,110 3,115 4,589 3,708 2,520 — — — — 

 Career Transition Award (K99) — — — — — — 2,074 4,190 4,430 6,652 5,129 

 Total, Research Career Program 

Obligations 

 $57,470 $63,514 $65,817 $67,794 $71,018 $70,365 $74,954 $78,715 $84,646 $81,544 $79,090 
 161 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 Dollars (Millions) 

 NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 

 NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

 MARC Summer Research Training 

Program 

 $ 20 $ 15 $ 4 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

 Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award for 

Minority Faculty 

 5,556 5,711 6,156 6,150 6,088 5,453 4,718 4,574 4,745 6,089 5,860 

 MARC 5 — — — — — — — — — — 

 Minority Biomedical Research 

Support (MBRS) 

 3,165 2,793 3,600 2,806 2,846 2,403 2,475 1,527 2,167 2,540 3,228 

 Minority Institution Faculty 

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award 

 1,143 1,703 991 867 588 567 698 949 663 804 668 

 Minority Institution Research 

Training Program 

 996 1,092 1,006 734 1,184 743 780 688 349 1,050 949

 Minority Predoctoral Fellowship 264 278 308 374 545 1,012 1,115 1,728 1,979 2,064 1,562 

 Diversity Research Supplements 

Program 

 8,587 9,822 9,323 10,938 11,214 10,680 10,834 10,303 10,412 11,198 10,260 

 Minority School Faculty 

Development Award 

 98 — — — — — — — — — — 

 Reentry Supplements 384 — — — 96 132 245 401 887 1,050 621 

 Short-Term Training for Minority 

Students 

 1,876 2,057 2,594 2,671 2,976 2,526 1,673 804 283 — —

 Total, Minority Programs $22,094 $23,471 $23,982 $24,540 $25,537 $23,516 $22,538 $20,974 $21,485 $24,795 $23,148 

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year 

 30

 25

 20

 15

 10

 5

 0 
 162 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type on Grants: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

Number of Awards

 Fiscal Year

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

 Diversity Supplements 

 Investigator 33 46 47 35 29 27 31 25 22 17 10 

 Postdoctoral 41 33 38 37 52 49 43 42 45 50 49 

 Graduate 43 45 57 61 80 74 73 69 71 71 66 

 Undergraduate 12 17 18 17 12 11 16 17 18 13 9 

 High School 3 3 4 3 7 3 3 3 2 7 10 

 Post-Master/Post-Baccalaureate — 2 8 17 16 11 4 9 21 21 33 

 Reentry Supplements 3 — — 3 2 1 1 3 9 8 5 

 Disability Supplements 4 5 4 3 2 2 4 1 — 2 2 

 Total, Research Supplements 

Program 

 139 151 176 176 200 178 175 169 188 189 184 

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type on Contracts: Fiscal Years 2001–2011 

 Number of Awards

 Fiscal Year

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

 Diversity Supplements 

 Investigator — — — 1 2 1 2 2 4 3 3 

 Postdoctoral — — 2 1 2 1 1 0 1 4 4 

 Graduate — — 2 7 7 2 5 2 5 5 6 

 Undergraduate — — — — — 1 1 1 1 1 — 

 High School — — 1 — — — — — — — — 

 Post-Master/Post-Baccalaureate — — — 1 — — — — — — — 

 Total, Research Supplements 

Program 

 — — 5 10 11 5 9 5 11 13 13 
 163 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type on Grants: Fiscal Years 2001–2011

 Dollars (Thousands)

 Fiscal Year

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

 Diversity Supplements 

 Investigator $3,430 $ 5,046 $3,844 $ 4,256 $ 3,552 $ 3,343 $ 3,719 $ 3,285 $ 2,679 $ 2,183 $ 1,601 

 Postdoctoral 3,086 2,554 2,655 2,713 3,432 3,542 3,284 3,074 3,284 3,928 3,595 

 Graduate 1,818 1,864 2,181 2,439 3,208 3,114 3,021 3,029 3,212 3,533 3,389 

 Undergraduate 235 260 301 282 179 178 350 424 386 240 151 

 High School 18 33 33 13 30 18 16 26 28 61 75 

 Post-Master/Post-Baccalaureate — 65 309 597 618 352 156 367 823 1,076 1,284 

 Reentry Supplements 384 — — 495 96 132 245 401 887 1,050 621 

 Disability Supplements 187 474 360 143 99 133 288 98 — 177 165 

 Total, Research Supplements 

Program 

 $9,158 $10,296 $9,683 $10,938 $11,214 $10,812 $11,079 $10,704 $11,299 $12,248 $10,881 

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type on Contracts: Fiscal Years 

2001–2011

 Dollars (Thousands)

 Fiscal Year

 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

 Diversity Supplements 

 Investigator $ — $ — $ — $142 $296 $1 48 $261 $271 $541 $ 376 $ 420 

 Postdoctoral — — 246 7 1 137 62 62 — 155 391 245 

 Graduate — — 108 323 229 101 294 79 155 143 215 

 Undergraduate — — — — — 26 13 20 16 8 — 

 High School — — 7 — — — — — — — — 

 Post-Master/Post-Baccalaureate — — — 51 — — — — — — — 

 Total, Research Supplements 

Program 

$ — $ — $361 $587 $662 $337 $630 $370 $867 $918 $880 

165

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: 

Fiscal Year 2011

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2011

Dollars in Millions

$100.0 to $321.1 (10)

$40.0 to $99.9 (10)

$16.0 to $39.9 (9)

$4.5 to $15.9 (9)

$0.0 to $4.4 (12)
166

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2011

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Alabama

Alabama University 2 5,783,466 — — — — 2 5,783,466

Auburn University 2 910,233 2 910,233 — — — —

Elgavish Paramagnetics, Inc. 1 590,498 1 590,498 — — — —

University of Alabama at Birmingham 66 28,669,503 57 22,797,713 7 1,638,523 2 4,233,267

University of South Alabama 18 4,639,369 16 4,412,365 2 227,004 — —

Total Alabama 89 40,593,069 76 28,710,809 9 1,865,527 4 10,016,733 

Arizona

Arizona State University, Tempe 3 1,269,263 3 1,269,263 — — — —

Carl T. Hayden Medical Research 

Foundation

1 637,832 1 637,832 — — — —

Genomics USA, Inc. 1 115,762 1 115,762 — — — —

Mayo Clinic Arizona 4 1,259,028 4 1,259,028 — — — —

Translational Genomics Research Institute 1 513,725 1 513,725 — — — —

University of Arizona 29 10,274,328 26 9,540,410 3 733,918 — —

Western Research Company, Inc. 1 471,157 1 471,157 — — — —

Total Arizona 40 14,541,095 37 13,807,177 3 733,918 — —

Arkansas

Arkansas Children’s Hospital Research 

Institute

 4 1,263,368 4 1,263,368 — — — —

University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, 

Little Rock

14 4,255,092 12 4,186,489 2 68,603 — —

Total Arkansas 18 5,518,460 16 5,449,857 2 68,603 — —

California

Ablation Numerics, Inc. 1 361,816 1 361,816 — — — —

Allosteros Therapeutics, Inc. 2 462,087 2 462,087 — — — —

American Stem Cell, Inc. 2 638,488 2 638,488 — — — —

Beckman Research Institute 8 3,982,145 7 2,325,860 — — 1 1,656,285 

BioCardia, Inc. 1 136,593 1 136,593 — — — —

Biodata Innovation Systems, LLC 1 222,600 1 222,600 — — — —

Biological Dynamics, Inc. 1 313,955 1 313,955 — — — —

Blood Systems Research Institute 10 5,848,582 6 1,775,654 — — 4 4,072,928 

Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford 

Junior University

2 4,057,384 — — — — 2 4,057,384

Califia Bio, Inc. 1 218,300 1 218,300 — — — —

California Institute of Technology 3 183,600 1 90,000 2 93,600 — —

California Pacific Medical Center Research 

Institute

1 2,038,854 1 2,038,854 — — — —

California Polytechnic State University 1 727,368 1 727,368 — — — —

California State University, Northridge 1 310,346 1 310,346 — — — —
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NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Capricor, Inc. 1 397,217 1 397,217 — — — —

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 15 5,606,155 14 5,545,193 1 60,962 — —

ChemRegen, Inc. 2 344,595 2 344,595 — — — —

Children’s Hospital and Research Center at 

Oakland

8 5,226,990 7 5,132,511 1 94,479 — —

Children’s Hospital Los Angeles 6 2,518,381 6 2,518,381 — — — —

Children’s Hospital of Orange County 1 425,000 1 425,000 — — — —

Claremont Graduate University 1 925,215 1 925,215 — — — —

Cytobank, Inc. 1 153,813 — — — — 1 153,813

Cytograft Tissue Engineering, Inc. 1 768,475 1 768,475 — — — —

Diagnostics for the Real World, Ltd. 1 836,222 1 836,222 — — — —

DNAmicroarray, Inc. 1 252,503 1 252,503 — — — —

Heartflow, Inc. 1 338,268 1 338,268 — — — —

HeartVista, Inc. 2 1,011,717 2 1,011,717 — — — —

IntelaMetrix, Inc. 1 136,663 1 136,663 — — — —

J. David Gladstone Institutes 7 7,978,880 7 7,978,880 — — — —

Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 6 7,217,650 5 5,386,799 — — 1 1,830,851 

LA BioMedical Research Institute at 

Harbor-UCLA Medical Center

2 538,718 2 538,718 — — — —

La Jolla Bioengineering Institute 2 1,002,546 2 1,002,546 — — — —

La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology 6 3,264,524 5 3,231,724 1 32,800 — —

Loma Linda University 4 1,466,878 4 1,466,878 — — — —

NanoVasc, Inc. 1 413,404 1 413,404 — — — —

National Childhood Cancer Foundation 1 133,158 1 133,158 — — — —

Northern California Institute Research and 

Education

6 2,581,570 6 2,581,570 — — — —

Open Source Medical Software 1 997,860 — — — — 1 997,860

Orthopaedic Hospital 1 414,302 1 414,302 — — — —

Palo Alto Institute for Research and 

Education, Inc.

5 1,779,090 5 1,779,090 — — — —

Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research 

Institute

1 774,705 1 774,705 — — — —

Panorama Research, Inc. 1 289,018 1 289,018 — — — —

Rand Corporation 5 2,622,743 5 2,622,743 — — — —

Regents of the University of California 4 2,892,757 — — — — 4 2,892,757

Salk Institute for Biological Studies 3 1,320,421 3 1,320,421 — — — —

San Diego State University 15 6,064,016 14 5,216,494 — — 1 847,522

Sanford-Burnham Medical Research 

Institute

12 5,944,549 12 5,944,549 — — — —

Scripps Research Institute 25 11,957,476 23 11,632,812 2 324,664 — —

Singulex, Inc. 1 99,406 1 99,406 — — — —

SRI International 3 2,448,252 1 600,598 — — 2 1,847,654

Stanford University 64 29,279,511 55 27,735,112 9 1,544,399 — —

Targeson, Inc. 1 259,721 1 259,721 — — — —

The Regents of the University of California 1 2,877,806 — — — — 1 2,877,806
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NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Tristan Technologies, Inc. 1 419,555 1 419,555 — — — —

University of California, Berkeley 7 2,157,607 5 2,097,719 2 59,888 — —

University of California, Davis 35 14,623,437 33 14,008,033 2 615,404 — —

University of California, Irvine 19 6,489,811 17 6,397,011 2 92,800 — —

University of California, Lawrence Berkeley 

Laboratory

3 1,903,760 3 1,903,760 — — — —

University of California, Los Angeles 72 37,194,412 61 35,687,242 10 1,343,473 1 163,697 

University of California, Merced 3 896,317 3 896,317 — — — —

University of California, Riverside 3 779,271 2 748,831 1 30,440 — —

University of California, San Diego 92 48,969,756 81 46,866,544 11 2,103,212 — —

University of California, San Francisco 105 41,203,157 91 38,744,284 13 1,915,221 1 543,652 

University of Southern California 14 6,865,063 14 6,865,063 — — — —

Vala Sciences, Inc. 1 880,128 — — — — 1 880,128

Ventrix, Inc. 1 496,930 1 496,930 — — — —

Veterans Medical Research Foundation, 

San Diego

6 1,982,532 6 1,982,532 — — — —

Virogenics, Inc. 1 1,064,156 1 1,064,156 — — — —

Total California 618 298,988,185 540 267,854,506 57 8,311,342 21 22,822,337 

Colorado

Colorado State University, Fort Collins 6 1,596,272 5 1,566,639 1 29,633 — —

Kestrel Labs, Inc. 1 165,117 1 165,117 — — — —

Keystone Symposia 8 114,900 8 114,900 — — — —

National Jewish Health 28 14,476,111 25 13,518,731 2 104,368 1 853,012

Quest Product Development Corporation 1 685,252 1 685,252 — — — —

Taiga Biotechnologies, Inc. 1 759,221 1 759,221 — — — —

TDA Research, Inc. 1 149,996 1 149,996 — — — —

University of Colorado, Boulder 8 2,810,419 7 2,565,539 1 244,880 — —

University of Colorado, Denver 62 21,975,891 53 20,018,451 7 1,526,556 2 430,884 

Total Colorado 116 42,733,179 102 39,543,846 11 1,905,437 3 1,283,896 

Connecticut

Connecticut Children’s Medical Center 1 121,230 1 121,230 — — — —

Hartford Hospital 1 429,312 1 429,312 — — — —

John B. Pierce Laboratory, Inc. 1 238,669 1 238,669 — — — —

RxGen, Inc. 1 718,304 1 718,304 — — — —

University of Connecticut Health Center 5 3,190,784 5 3,190,784 — — — —

University of Connecticut, Storrs 5 1,201,175 4 1,169,655 1 31,520 — —

Yale University 84 36,406,535 70 32,338,012 12 1,910,970 2 2,157,553

Total Connecticut 98 42,306,009 83 38,205,966 13 1,942,490 2 2,157,553
169

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Delaware

University of Delaware 5 1,316,545 4 1,261,811 1 54,734 — —

Total Delaware 5 1,316,545 4 1,261,811 1 54,734 0 0

District of Columbia

Academy for Education Development 1 2,370,712 — — — — 1 2,370,712

American Institute for Research 2 5,438,370 — — — — 2 5,438,370

American Society of Hematology 1 20,000 1 20,000 — — — —

Children’s Research Institute 7 2,811,132 7 2,811,132 — — — —

The George Washington University 7 4,651,793 7 4,651,793 — — — —

Georgetown University 5 3,343,966 5 3,343,966 — — — —

Howard University 6 1,256,637 4 1,149,782 1 15,000 1 91,855

National Academy of Science 2 100,000 — — — — 2 100,000

Ogilvy Public Relations 3 4,014,080 — — — — 3 4,014,080 

Porter Novelli Public Service 1 1,000,324 — — — — 1 1,000,324

U.S. Bureau of Census 1 535,000 — — — — 1 535,000

Total District of Columbia 36 25,542,013 24 11,976,673 1 15,000 11 13,550,340 

Florida

Altor Bioscience Corporation 1 1,062,358 1 1,062,358 — — — —

ArchieMD, Inc. 1 490,980 1 490,980 — — — —

GeNO, LLC 1 294,031 1 294,031 — — — —

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research 

Institute

1 165,330 1 165,330 — — — —

HeartWare, Inc. 1 385,813 1 385,813 — — — —

Nemours Children’s Clinic 1 109,300 1 109,300 — — — —

Nova Southeastern University 1 339,708 1 339,708 — — — —

Self-Determined Health, Inc. 1 430,557 1 430,557 — — — —

Sharklet Technologies, LLC 1 215,835 1 215,835 — — — —

Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies 2 844,081 2 844,081 — — — —

University of Central Florida 3 1,175,702 3 1,175,702 — — — —

University of Florida 38 14,853,744 34 14,455,836 4 397,908 — —

University of Miami School of Medicine 30 13,724,577 27 12,597,929 2 642,471 1 484,177 

University of South Florida 5 1,352,854 4 1,089,750 1 263,104 — —

Total Florida 87 35,444,870 79 33,657,210 7 1,303,483 1 484,177 

Georgia

Emory University 58 24,299,843 52 23,101,636 6 1,198,207 — —

Expression Therapeutics 1 885,011 1 885,011 — — — —

Georgia Health Sciences University 31 17,542,157 30 17,421,999 1 120,158 — —

Georgia Institute of Technology 9 3,371,472 9 3,371,472 — — — —

MedShape Solutions, Inc. 1 407,885 1 407,885 — — — —

Morehouse School of Medicine 9 2,016,631 8 1,756,375 1 260,256 — —
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Northside Hospital Atlanta 1 97,532 1 97,532 — — — —

Syntermed, Inc, 1 216,081 1 216,081 — — — —

University of Georgia 4 1,426,250 4 1,426,250 — — — —

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention

5 7,301,761 — — — — 5 7,301,761

Total Georgia 120 57,564,623 107 48,684,241 8 1,578,621 5 7,301,761 

Hawaii

University of Hawaii, Manoa 4 1,660,486 4 1,660,486 — — — —

Total Hawaii 4 1,660,486 4 1,660,486 — — — —

Illinois

Advanced Diamond Technologies, Inc. 1 149,817 1 149,817 — — — —

Aqualung Therapeutics Corp. 1 320,967 1 320,967 — — — —

Biomedical Acoustics Research Company 1 339,058 1 339,058 — — — —

Children’s Memorial Hospital 7 1,036,514 6 1,007,932 1 28,582 — —

Coramed Technologies 1 999,186 1 999,186 — — — —

Illinois Institute of Technology 2 556,750 2 556,750 — — — —

Loyola University, Chicago 10 3,484,003 9 3,437,203 1 46,800 — —

Northshore University HealthSystem 1 429,730 1 429,730 — — — —

Northwestern University 82 35,559,950 67 30,791,540 13 1,409,691 2 3,358,719

Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine 

and Science

1 368,800 1 368,800 — — — —

Rush University Medical Center 11 5,328,276 11 5,328,276 — — — —

SonoGene, LLC 1 361,937 1 361,937 — — — —

University of Chicago 47 16,712,464 40 14,880,798 7 1,831,666 — —

University of Illinois, Chicago 61 31,775,801 56 29,798,108 5 1,977,693 — —

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 13 3,343,354 8 3,119,257 5 224,097 — —

Total Illinois 240 100,766,607 206 91,889,359 32 5,518,529 2 3,358,719 

Indiana

Clarian Health Partners, Inc. 1 168,750 1 168,750 — — — —

Indiana University-Purdue University at 

Indianapolis

46 18,502,398 39 16,689,483 6 880,625 1 932,290

International Aldosterone Conference 1 15,000 1 15,000 — — — —

Purdue University, West Lafayette 3 920,976 3 920,976 — — — —

SonarMed, Inc. 1 224,593 1 224,593 — — — —

University of Notre Dame 2 749,251 2 749,251 — — — —

Total Indiana 54 20,580,968 47 18,768,053 6 880,625 1 932,290 
171

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Iowa

Exemplar Genetics, LLC 1 639,811 1 639,811 — — — —

Iowa State University 1 322,821 1 322,821 — — — —

University of Iowa 61 31,788,154 52 28,982,851 9 2,805,303 — —

Vida Diagnostics, Inc. 1 506,107 1 506,107 — — — —

Total Iowa 64 33,256,893 55 30,451,590 9 2,805,303 — —

Kansas

Kansas State University 2 392,880 1 365,546 1 27,334 — —

Pinnacle Technology, Inc. 1 463,406 1 463,406 — — — —

University of Kansas Medical Center 11 3,896,691 11 3,896,691 — — — —

Total Kansas 14 4,752,977 13 4,725,643 1 27,334 — —

Kentucky

Eastern Kentucky University 1 389,445 1 389,445 — — — —

Pharmacogenetics Diagnostic Laboratories 1 1,070,149 1 1,070,149 — — — —

University of Kentucky 20 7,318,522 15 6,693,538 5 624,984 — —

University of Louisville 21 11,192,859 20 10,661,829 1 531,030 — —

W-Z Biotech, LLC 1 175,322 1 175,322 — — — —

Total Kentucky 44 20,146,297 38 18,990,283 6 1,156,014 — —

Louisiana

Children’s Hospital (New Orleans) 1 305,584 1 305,584 — — — —

Louisiana State University and A&M 

College, Baton Rouge

2 692,604 2 692,604 — — — —

Louisiana State University Health Sciences 

Center, New Orleans

14 5,090,295 11 4,884,783 2 56,813 1 148,699

Louisiana State University Health Sciences 

Center, Shreveport

3 1,086,250 3 1,086,250 — — — —

Louisiana State University Pennington 

Biomedical Research Center

2 840,272 2 840,272 — — — —

NuPotential, Inc. 1 230,011 1 230,011 — — — —

Tulane University of Louisiana 13 5,421,997 12 5,240,810 1 181,187 — —

Total Louisiana 36 13,667,013 32 13,280,314 3 238,000 1 148,699 

Maine

Jackson Laboratory 4 2,356,850 3 2,319,250 1 37,600 — —

Maine Medical Center 4 1,473,900 4 1,473,900 — — — —

University of Maine, Orono 1 593,233 1 593,233 — — — —

Total Maine 9 4,423,983 8 4,386,383 1 37,600 — —

Maryland

Advance Bioscience Laboratories, Inc. 1 1,271,757 — — — — 1 1,271,757

American Institutes for Research 1 1,687,214 — — — — 1 1,687,214
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NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

CDM Group, Inc. 1 479,000 — — — — 1 479,000

Cerecor, Inc. 1 292,476 1 292,476 — — — —

Clinical Trials & Surveys Corporation 3 5,676,215 1 1,099,694 — — 2 4,576,521

Danya International 1 50,000 — — — — 1 50,000

Emmes Corporation 1 1,255,602 — — — — 1 1,255,602

Engineering and Scientific Research 

Association

1 257,949 1 257,949 — — — —

Federation of American Societies for 

Experimental Biology

1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the 

Advancement of Military Medicine

1 382,500 1 382,500 — — — —

Health Resources and Services 

Administration, Maternal and Child 

Health Bureau

1 150,000 — — — — 1 150,000

Innoscion, LLC 1 133,446 1 133,446 — — — —

Johns Hopkins University 185 104,932,095 156 90,683,398 20 4,057,308 9 10,191,389

Medical Decision Logic, Inc. 2 550,955 1 349,070 — — 1 201,885

MedStar Research Institute 1 916,209 1 916,209 — — — —

National Human Genome Research Institute 1 2,527,000 — — — — 1 2,527,000

National Institutes of Health 5 2,490,079 — — — — 5 2,490,079

National Library of Medicine 2 1,017,015 — — — — 2 1,017,015

North American Vascular Biology 

Organization

2 18,401 2 18,401 — — — —

RetroTherapy, LLC 1 521,305 1 521,305 — — — —

Science Applications International 

Corporation

1 2,999,960 — — — — 1 2,999,960

SeraCare Life Sciences 2 3,209,369 — — — — 2 3,209,369

Social and Scientific Systems, Inc 1 3,891,835 — — — — 1 3,891,835

University of Maryland, Baltimore 42 23,855,324 38 21,200,528 3 764,006 1 1,890,790 

University of Maryland, College Park 3 643,939 3 643,939 — — — —

U.S. Department of Agriculture 1 115,000 — — — — 1 115,000

U.S. Department of Health and Human 

Services, Indian Health Service

1 739,459 — — — — 1 739,459

U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2 232,000 — — — — 2 232,000

Veracity Biotechnology, LLC 1 164,310 1 164,310 — — — —

Westat 1 1,523,238 — — — — 1 1,523,238

Total Maryland 268 161,993,652 209 116,673,225 23 4,821,314 36 40,499,113 

Massachusetts

Abiomed, Inc. 1 663,647 1 663,647 — — — —

Aphios Corporation 1 149,440 — — — — 1 149,440

Baystate Medical Center 2 739,913 1 436,788 — — 1 303,125

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 51 28,629,562 46 26,771,903 5 1,857,659 — —

BioSurfaces 1 379,528 1 379,528 — — — —

Boston Biomedical Research Institute 3 1,762,058 3 1,762,058 — — — —
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Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Boston Medical Center 12 7,023,812 12 7,023,812 — — — —

Boston University 7 6,505,343 6 3,700,080 — — 1 2,805,263

Boston University Medical Campus 48 39,411,313 41 20,148,392 6 2,598,416 1 16,664,505

Brigham and Women’s Hospital 172 97,064,725 155 91,528,877 16 4,322,381 1 1,213,467

Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc. 1 640,161 1 640,161 — — — —

Charles Stark Draper Laboratory 2 447,366 2 447,366 — — — —

Children’s Hospital Boston 49 27,649,874 46 26,559,727 3 1,090,147 — —

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 10 3,824,181 10 3,824,181 — — — —

DecImmune Therapeutics, Inc. 1 1,044,768 1 1,044,768 — — — —

E-TROLZ, Inc. 1 191,624 1 191,624 — — — —

Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering 1 273,000 1 273,000 — — — —

Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc. 3 1,084,619 3 1,084,619 — — — —

Harvard University 4 2,003,375 3 1,776,229 1 227,146 — —

Harvard University Medical School 10 4,893,069 8 4,827,063 2 66,006 — —

Harvard University School of Public Health 14 7,428,814 12 6,624,280 2 804,534 — —

Heartlander Surgical, Inc. 1 98,519 1 98,519 — — — —

Immune Disease Institute, Inc. 6 7,404,959 5 4,574,207 — — 1 2,830,752

Immunetics, Inc. 1 299,989 1 299,989 — — — —

Infoscitex Corporation 2 1,798,818 2 1,798,818 — — — —

Joslin Diabetes Center 3 2,391,224 3 2,391,224 — — — —

Kala Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 180,415 1 180,415 — — — —

Levitronix, LLC 1 897,979 1 897,979 — — — —

Massachusetts General Hospital 72 37,681,979 64 32,336,768 6 1,410,946 2 3,934,265

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4 1,519,498 3 1,468,172 1 51,326 — —

Medi-Solve Coatings, LLC 1 194,164 1 194,164 — — — —

MedMinder Systems, Inc. 1 193,573 1 193,573 — — — —

New England Research Institutes, Inc. 1 8,923,478 1 8,923,478 — — — —

Northeastern University 2 2,246,822 2 2,246,822 — — — —

Oxus Medical, Inc. 1 188,628 1 188,628 — — — —

Phoenicia Biosciences, Inc. 1 304,344 1 304,344 — — — —

Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. 2 828,730 2 828,730 — — — —

Radikal Therapeutics, Inc. 3 694,397 3 694,397 — — — —

Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital 1 359,003 1 359,003 — — — —

Springfield College — 101,592 — 101,592 — — — —

Tufts Medical Center 18 5,316,152 17 4,817,973 1 498,179 — —

Tufts University, Boston 11 4,172,734 9 3,990,436 2 182,298 — —

Tufts University, Medford 1 249,000 1 249,000 — — — —

University of Massachusetts Medical 

School 

29 12,523,145 28 12,470,103 1 53,042 — —

University of Massachusetts, Amherst 1 438,295 1 438,295 — — — —

VasoTech, Inc. 1 534,636 1 534,636 — — — —

Total Massachusetts 559 321,352,265 505 280,289,368 46 13,162,080 8 27,900,817 
174

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Michigan

Accord Biomaterials, Inc. 1 873,517 1 873,517 — — — —

AlphaCore Pharma, LLC 1 231,470 1 231,470 — — — —

Altarum Institute 1 110,431 1 110,431 — — — —

Arbor Ultrasound Technologies, LLC 1 101,323 1 101,323 — — — —

Central Michigan University 1 406,580 1 406,580 — — — —

Epsilon Imaging, Inc. 1 883,531 1 883,531 — — — —

Henry Ford Health System 7 6,401,254 6 6,342,572 1 58,682 — —

Integrated Sensing Systems, Inc. 1 172,911 1 172,911 — — — —

L-VAD Technology, Inc. 1 308,409 1 308,409 — — — —

MC3, Inc. 4 1,835,734 4 1,835,734 — — — —

MedArray, Inc. 1 999,718 1 999,718 — — — —

Michigan State University 9 3,319,713 8 3,280,584 1 39,129 — —

Michigan Technological University 2 382,757 2 382,757 — — — —

Oakland University 1 240,514 1 240,514 — — — —

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 113 52,487,986 99 43,067,353 10 2,239,368 4 7,181,265

Wayne State University 15 5,962,405 14 5,928,714 1 33,691 — —

Total Michigan 160 74,718,253 143 65,166,118 13 2,370,870 4 7,181,265 

Minnesota

Advanced Circulatory Systems, Inc. 1 210,878 1 210,878 — — — —

Discovery Genomics, Inc. 1 716,704 1 716,704 — — — —

Gel-Del Technologies, Inc. 1 1,395,176 1 1,395,176 — — — —

HealthPartners Research Foundation 5 2,610,060 5 2,610,060 — — — —

Koronis Biomedical Technologies 

Corporation

1 158,785 1 158,785 — — — —

Mayo Clinic, Rochester 53 25,217,879 47 23,590,876 3 314,363 3 1,312,640

Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, 

Inc.

1 304,616 1 304,616 — — — —

Minnetronix, Inc. 2 367,020 2 367,020 — — — —

National Marrow Donor Program, Inc. 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

Recombinetics, Inc. 1 318,202 1 318,202 — — — —

ResQSystems, Inc. 1 256,286 1 256,286 — — — —

University of Minnesota, Duluth 1 445,666 1 445,666 — — — —

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 78 43,522,179 66 36,016,972 9 1,534,739 3 5,970,468

Total Minnesota 147 75,533,451 129 66,401,241 12 1,849,102 6 7,283,108 

Mississippi

Jackson State University 2 469,108 2 307,702 — — — 161,406

Tougaloo College — 35,371 — — — — — 35,371

University of Mississippi Medical Center 21 15,914,661 18 8,949,247 1 380,849 2 6,584,565

Total Mississippi 23 16,419,140 20 9,256,949 1 380,849 2 6,781,342 
175

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Missouri

CardiaLen, Inc. 1 216,027 1 216,027 — — — —

Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City 1 253,466 1 253,466 — — — —

Nanova, Inc. 1 220,243 1 220,243 — — — —

Saint Louis University 8 2,631,596 8 2,631,596 — — — —

Saint Luke’s Hospital 1 363,663 1 363,663 — — — —

University of Missouri, Columbia 24 10,099,513 22 9,999,789 2 99,724 — —

University of Missouri, Kansas City 1 187,500 1 187,500 — — — —

Washington University 112 46,571,996 93 41,413,852 17 3,913,788 2 1,244,356

Total Missouri 149 60,544,004 128 55,286,136 19 4,013,512 2 1,244,356 

Montana

Montana State University, Bozeman 3 1,068,750 3 1,068,750 — — — —

Total Montana 3 1,068,750 3 1,068,750 — — — —

Nebraska

Creighton University 3 1,306,514 3 1,306,514 — — — —

University of Nebraska, Lincoln 1 304,405 1 304,405 — — — —

University of Nebraska Medical Center 7 3,803,563 7 3,803,563 — — — —

Total Nebraska 11 5,414,482 11 5,414,482 — — — —

Nevada

University of Nevada, Reno 8 2,453,962 7 2,425,908 1 28,054 — —

Total Nevada 8 2,453,962 7 2,425,908 1 28,054 — —

New Hampshire

Celdara Medical, LLC 1 747,897 1 747,897 — — — —

Dartmouth College 9 2,856,719 9 2,856,719 — — — —

Xemed, LLC 2 1,374,918 2 1,374,918 — — — —

Total New Hampshire 12 4,979,534 12 4,979,534 — — — —

New Jersey

Artann Laboratories, Inc. 1 223,219 1 223,219 — — — —

CircuLite, Inc. 1 1,621,110 1 1,621,110 — — — —

DVX, LLC 2 939,116 2 939,116 — — — —

Hackensack University Medical Center 1 220,125 1 220,125 — — — —

Menssana Research, Inc. 1 992,862 1 992,862 — — — —

Newark Beth Israel Medical Center 1 151,881 1 151,881 — — — —

NovaFlux Technologies, Inc. 1 299,989 1 299,989 — — — —

Princeton University 1 241,500 1 241,500 — — — —

Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, 

New Brunswick

3 1,160,059 3 1,160,059 — — — —
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

University of Medicine & Dentistry of New 

Jersey, New Jersey Medical School

25 9,825,798 22 9,601,165 3 224,633 — —

University of Medicine & Dentistry of New 

Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical 

School

5 2,443,491 5 2,443,491 — — — —

Vasade Biosciences, Inc. 1 556,030 1 556,030 — — — —

Total New Jersey 43 18,675,180 40 18,450,547 3 224,633 — —

New Mexico

Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental 

Research

2 972,000 2 972,000 — — — —

Southwest Sciences, Inc. — 98,792 — 98,792 — — — —

University of New Mexico 7 2,332,321 6 2,063,039 1 269,282 — —

University of New Mexico Health Sciences 

Center

3 724,702 3 724,702 — — — —

Total New Mexico 12 4,127,815 11 3,858,533 1 269,282 — —

New York

Albany College of Pharmacy 1 347,369 1 347,369 — — — —

Albany Medical College 5 1,681,315 4 1,638,265 1 43,050 — —

Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 

Yeshiva University

30 12,618,203 24 10,265,670 4 361,867 2 1,990,666

Angion Biomedica Corporation 1 1,484,711 1 1,484,711 — — — —

Circulatory Technology, Inc. 1 634,135 1 634,135 — — — —

City College of New York 4 1,711,084 4 1,711,084 — — — —

Columbia University 73 30,944,636 64 29,122,382 8 1,639,676 1 182,578

Cornell University, Ithaca 8 3,542,830 8 3,542,830 — — — —

Feinstein Institute for Medical Research 3 1,240,661 3 1,240,661 — — — —

General Electric Global Research Center 1 832,322 1 832,322 — — — —

Herbert H. Lehman College 1 285,250 1 285,250 — — — —

Hospital for Special Surgery 2 559,908 2 559,908 — — — —

Ithaca College 1 117,121 1 117,121 — — — —

Jarvik Heart, Inc. 1 2,531,000 — — — — 1 2,531,000

Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Inc. 1 437,500 1 437,500 — — — —

Micro Photo Acoustics, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Mount Sinai School of Medicine 38 20,821,370 34 20,164,939 4 656,431 — —

Nanometics, LLC 1 243,469 1 243,469 — — — —

New York Blood Center 5 1,752,557 5 1,752,557 — — — —

New York Institute of Technology 1 356,235 1 356,235 — — — —

New York Medical College 14 7,595,823 11 7,473,815 3 122,008 — —

New York University 2 424,278 1 383,372 1 40,906 — —

New York University School of Medicine 38 24,189,884 34 23,408,592 4 781,292 — —

Pulmokine, Inc. 1 72,500 1 72,500 — — — —

Queens College 1 193,750 1 193,750 — — — —

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 2 982,732 2 982,732 — — — —
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Rockefeller University 3 1,539,672 3 1,539,672 — — — —

Roswell Park Cancer Institute Corp. 2 2,136,723 2 2,136,723 — — — —

Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer 

Research

4 1,659,045 4 1,659,045 — — — —

St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Institute for Health 

Sciences

1 652,615 1 652,615 — — — —

State University New York, Stony Brook 6 2,266,870 6 2,266,870 — — — —

State University of New York, Buffalo 14 5,615,925 14 5,615,925 — — — —

State University of New York, Downstate 

Medical Center

5 1,957,571 5 1,957,571 — — — —

TheraSource, LLC 1 571,120 1 571,120 — — — —

Transonic Systems, Inc. 2 1,225,000 2 1,225,000 — — — —

University of Buffalo 1 1,527,870 — — — — 1 1,527,870

Union College 1 300,000 1 300,000 — — — —

University of Rochester 60 23,801,150 53 22,428,024 7 1,373,126 — —

Upstate Medical University 8 2,657,638 8 2,657,638 — — — —

Visiting Nurse Service of New York — 229,932 — 229,932 — — — —

Wadsworth Center 1 385,921 1 385,921 — — — —

Weill Medical College of Cornell 

University

32 19,258,955 29 18,823,010 3 435,945 — —

Winifred Masterson Burke Medical 

Research Institute

1 470,206 1 470,206 — — — —

Total New York 379 181,958,856 339 170,270,441 35 5,454,301 5 6,232,114 

North Carolina

Duke University 95 47,195,222 86 44,974,806 8 1,821,658 1 398,758

East Carolina University 4 1,060,669 4 1,060,669 — — — —

Gramercy Research Group, LLC 1 821,249 1 821,249 — — — —

Heart Imaging Technologies, LLC 1 249,214 1 249,214 — — — —

LifeSciTech, LLC 1 407,336 1 407,336 — — — —

North Carolina Central University 1 280,000 1 280,000 — — — —

North Carolina State University, Raleigh 5 1,565,785 3 1,135,388 2 430,397 — —

Parion Sciences, Inc. 1 244,797 1 244,797 — — — —

Research Triangle Institute 7 15,663,444 1 3,559,385 — — 6 12,104,059

Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc. 1 1 1 1 — — — —

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 87 40,977,208 71 33,120,732 11 1,286,104 5 6,570,372

Wake Forest University Health Sciences 36 33,204,306 26 14,819,217 4 1,055,533 6 17,329,556

Wake Forest University School of Medicine 1 345,112 1 345,112 — — — —

Total North Carolina 241 142,014,343 198 101,017,906 25 4,593,692 18 36,402,745 

Ohio

Arteriocyte, Inc. 1 586,833 1 586,833 — — — —

Biofunc Research 1 159,108 1 159,108 — — — —

Case Western Reserve University 57 20,516,005 51 19,018,137 4 1,004,806 2 493,062

Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical 

Center 

71 24,668,022 63 23,961,703 8 706,319 — —
178

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Cleveland Clinic-Lerner College of 

Medicine

46 29,980,105 43 29,594,765 3 385,340 — —

Cleveland Medical Devices, Inc. 3 1,171,915 3 1,171,915 — — — —

Cleveland State University 2 666,010 2 666,010 — — — —

H-Cubed, Inc. 1 247,272 1 247,272 — — — —

Kent State University, Kent 2 987,657 2 987,657 — — — —

Nationwide Children’s Hospital 7 1,585,730 5 1,267,129 2 318,601 — —

Northeast Ohio Medical University 2 840,865 2 840,865 — — — —

NovelMed Therapeutics, Inc. 2 1,223,006 2 1,223,006 — — — —

Ohio State University 41 13,281,300 38 12,565,793 2 94,092 1 621,415

University of Akron 1 248,847 1 248,847 — — — —

University of Cincinnati 30 10,894,061 27 10,450,715 3 443,346 — —

University of Ohio 1 1,404,344 — — — — 1 1,404,344

University of Toledo Health Sciences 

Campus

5 5,159,187 5 5,159,187 — — — —

Walsh University 1 356,556 1 356,556 — — — —

Wright State University 6 1,842,931 6 1,842,931 — — — —

Total Ohio 280 115,819,754 254 110,348,429 22 2,952,504 4 2,518,821 

Oklahoma

Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation 5 3,640,696 5 3,640,696 — — — —

Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 1 365,470 1 365,470 — — — —

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences 

Center

11 5,271,212 11 5,271,212 — — — —

Total Oklahoma 17 9,277,378 17 9,277,378 — — — —

Oregon

Aronora, LLC 2 1,782,390 2 1,782,390 — — — —

Fanconi Anemia Research Fund, Inc. 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

Gamma Therapeutics, Inc. 1 520,322 1 520,322 — — — —

Oregon Center for Applied Science, Inc. 2 968,255 2 968,255 — — — —

Oregon Health and Science University 36 15,736,615 30 14,373,546 6 1,363,069 — —

Oregon State University 1 359,770 1 359,770 — — — —

Portland State University 1 365,000 1 365,000 — — — —

University of Oregon 3 609,300 2 573,123 1 36,177 — —

Total Oregon 47 20,351,652 40 18,952,406 7 1,399,246 — —

Pennsylvania

Carmell Therapeutics Corporation — 51,482 — 51,482 — — — —

Carnegie Mellon University 3 915,093 3 915,093 — — — —

Cereve, Inc. 1 1,156,255 1 1,156,255 — — — —

Children’s Hospital of Pennsylvania 1 1,311,380 — — — — 1 1,311,380

Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 40 19,309,524 37 18,480,070 3 829,454 — —

Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh 1 106,487 — — — — 1 106,487

Convance Research Product 1 84,738 — — — — 1 84,738
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Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Discovery Laboratories, Inc. 1 581,839 1 581,839 — — — —

Drexel University 1 386,250 1 386,250 — — — —

Ension, Inc. 1 2,164,774 — — — — 1 2,164,774

In Silico Molecular, LLC 1 236,765 1 236,765 — — — —

Institute of Transfusion Medicine 2 1,514,117 — — — — 2 1,514,117

Lehigh University 1 458,143 1 458,143 — — — —

Magee-Women’s Research Institute and 

Foundation

1 325,091 1 325,091 — — — —

NanoDynamics Life Sciences, Inc. 1 556,284 1 556,284 — — — —

National Disease Research Interchange — 151,286 — 151,286 — — — —

University of Pennsylvania 1 6,760,320 — — — — 1 6,760,320

Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 

Medical Center

18 16,150,357 17 16,101,959 1 48,398 — —

Pennsylvania State University, University 

Park

4 946,717 3 910,435 1 36,282 — —

Philadelphia College of Osteopathic 

Medicine

1 396,250 1 396,250 — — — —

Progenra, Inc. 2 764,300 2 764,300 — — — —

Salus University 1 350,144 1 350,144 — — — —

Shifa Biomedical 1 655,327 1 655,327 — — — —

Strategic Polymer Sciences, Inc. 1 374,904 1 374,904 — — — —

Temple University 41 13,515,863 33 11,254,720 6 642,863 2 1,618,280

Thomas Jefferson University 23 9,548,847 21 9,453,649 2 95,198 — —

University of Pennsylvania 134 70,521,644 116 64,249,473 17 4,972,171 1 1,300,000

University of Pittsburgh 127 56,121,300 110 49,175,899 14 2,654,871 3 4,290,530

Wistar Institute 3 2,597,866 3 2,597,866 — — — —

Total Pennsylvania 413 208,013,347 356 179,583,484 44 9,279,237 13 19,150,626 

Rhode Island

Brown University 5 1,147,164 3 1,070,534 2 76,630 — —

Butler Hospital, Providence 1 489,901 1 489,901 — — — —

Gordon Research Conferences 9 157,000 9 157,000 — — — —

Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island 1 662,903 1 662,903 — — — —

Miriam Hospital 5 2,624,780 4 2,389,203 1 235,577 — —

Pro-Change Behavior Systems, Inc. 1 205,150 1 205,150 — — — —

Rhode Island Hospital 12 5,333,767 10 4,697,846 2 635,921 — —

Roger Williams Hospital 1 423,169 1 423,169 — — — —

University of Rhode Island 1 260,590 1 260,590 — — — —

Total Rhode Island 36 11,304,424 31 10,356,296 5 948,128 — —

South Carolina

Cell and Tissue Systems, Inc. 2 502,990 2 502,990 — — — —

Clemson University 4 1,109,773 4 1,109,773 — — — —

Medical University of South Carolina 31 10,029,206 27 9,052,085 4 977,121 — —
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Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

MicroVide, LLC 1 372,579 1 372,579 — — — —

University of South Carolina, Columbia 13 4,611,639 13 4,611,639 — — — —

Total South Carolina 51 16,626,187 47 15,649,066 4 977,121 — —

South Dakota

Missouri Breaks Research, Inc. — 300,000 — 300,000 — — — —

South Dakota State University 1 360,970 1 360,970 — — — —

University of South Dakota 3 522,460 2 516,958 1 5,502 — —

Total South Dakota 4 1,183,430 3 1,177,928 1 5,502 — —

Tennessee

East Tennessee State University 4 1,358,500 4 1,358,500 — — — —

Meharry Medical College 5 998,096 2 527,800 3 470,296 — —

St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 8 5,543,986 7 5,490,944 1 53,042 — —

University of Tennessee Health Science 

Center

25 10,778,783 25 10,778,783 — — — —

University of Tennessee, Knoxville 1 372,500 1 372,500 — — — —

Vanderbilt University 105 45,713,230 92 42,920,823 12 2,553,423 1 238,984

Total Tennessee 148 64,765,095 131 61,449,350 16 3,076,761 1 238,984 

Texas

Baylor College of Medicine 61 26,259,630 48 20,408,696 11 2,180,376 2 3,670,558

Baylor Research Institute 1 818,840 1 818,840 — — — —

BioTex, Inc. 1 150,000 1 150,000 — — — —

Kardia Therapeutics, Inc. 1 659,436 1 659,436 — — — —

Methodist Hospital Research Institute 4 837,770 4 837,770 — — — —

Rice University 5 1,287,685 5 1,287,685 — — — —

Southern Methodist University 1 334,511 1 334,511 — — — —

Southwest Research Institute 1 223,109 1 223,109 — — — —

Telehealth Holdings, LLC 1 199,965 1 199,965 — — — —

Texas A&M University Health Science 

Center

13 3,163,100 13 3,163,100 — — — —

Texas Biomedical Research Institute 5 8,542,776 5 8,542,776 — — — —

Texas Engineering Experiment Station 1 695,356 1 695,356 — — — —

Texas Heart Institute 2 1,613,322 2 1,613,322 — — — —

Texas Southern University 1 204,359 1 204,359 — — — —

Texas Tech University 1 216,694 1 216,694 — — — —

University of Houston 2 795,778 2 795,778 — — — —

University of North Texas Health Science 

Center

7 3,680,253 7 3,680,253 — — — —

University of Texas, Austin 4 3,042,451 4 3,042,451 — — — —

University of Texas, El Paso 1 149,500 1 149,500 — — — —

University of Texas Health Science Center, 

Houston

28 13,164,415 28 13,164,415 — — — —
181

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

University of Texas Health Science Center, 

San Antonio

15 7,361,342 10 3,639,924 3 409,331 2 3,312,087

University of Texas Health Science Center, 

Tyler

6 1,992,247 6 1,992,247 — — — —

University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer 

Center

4 1,367,888 4 1,367,888 — — — —

University of Texas Medical Branch, 

Galveston 7 4,544,311 6 2,403,388 — — 1 2,140,923

University of Texas, Southwestern Medical 

Center

46 21,444,549 39 20,105,727 6 1,157,822 1 181,000

University of the Incarnate Word 1 124,149 1 124,149 — — — —

Total Texas 220 102,873,436 194 89,821,339 20 3,747,529 6 9,304,568 

Utah

IHC Health Services, Inc. 1 239,228 — — — — 1 239,228

LDS Hospital — 23,132 — — — — — 23,132

Navigen, Inc. 1 567,237 1 567,237 — — — —

NuView Life Sciences, Inc. 1 182,972 1 182,972 — — — —

University of Utah 42 16,651,936 36 15,420,747 4 868,690 2 362,499

World Heart Corporation 1 554,504 1 554,504 — — — —

Total Utah 46 18,219,009 39 16,725,460 4 868,690 3 624,859 

Vermont

University of Vermont and State Agriculture 

College

28 14,042,740 25 13,082,322 3 960,418 — —

Vermont University 1 529,650 — — — — 1 529,650

Total Vermont 29 14,572,390 25 13,082,322 3 960,418 1 529,650 

Virginia

American Psychosomatic Society 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

Barron Associates, Inc. 1 198,426 1 198,426 — — — —

College of William and Mary 1 214,157 1 214,157 — — — —

Eastern Virginia Medical School 1 358,750 1 358,750 — — — —

HemoShear, LLC 1 2,963,069 1 2,963,069 — — — —

Paragon Technology Group 1 6,952,458 — — — — 1 6,952,458

System Research and Application 1 2,945,412 — — — — 1 2,945,412

University of Virginia, Charlottesville 55 19,848,301 50 18,980,644 5 867,657 — —

Virginia Commonwealth University 27 10,811,737 23 10,456,201 4 355,536 — —

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 

University

3 1,197,117 3 1,197,117 — — — —

Total Virginia 92 45,499,427 81 34,378,364 9 1,223,193 2 9,897,870 

Washington

Adaptive TCR Corporation 1 148,999 1 148,999 — — — —

Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories 1 1,671,409 1 1,671,409 — — — —
182

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia 

Mason

3 3,245,235 3 3,245,235 — — — —

DRVision Technologies, LLC 1 374,865 1 374,865 — — — —

EKOS Corporation 1 175,000 1 175,000 — — — —

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 23 30,771,355 22 16,091,478 — — 1 14,679,877

Group Health Cooperative 2 632,456 2 632,456 — — — —

Insilicos 1 400,000 1 400,000 — — — —

Institute for Systems Biology 1 22,043 1 22,043 — — — —

Matrexa, LLC 1 342,981 1 342,981 — — — —

Puget Sound Blood Center 2 766,200 2 766,200 — — — —

Seattle Biomedical Research Institute — 117,123 — 117,123 — — — —

Seattle Children’s Hospital 10 5,292,930 10 5,292,930 — — — —

Seattle Institute for Biomedical and Clinical 

Research

1 218,735 1 218,735 — — — —

Syntrix Biosystems, Inc. 1 811,424 1 811,424 — — — —

Talaria, Inc. 1 306,380 1 306,380 — — — —

University of Washington 114 68,795,437 98 54,982,796 12 3,288,773 4 10,523,868

VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 

Seattle

1 226,288 — — — — 1 226,288

VisionGate, Inc. 1 202,356 1 202,356 — — — —

VPDiagnostics, Inc. 1 257,337 1 257,337 — — — —

Washington State University 4 1,577,223 4 1,577,223 — — — —

Total Washington 171 116,355,776 153 87,636,970 12 3,288,773 6 25,430,033 

West Virginia

West Virginia University 8 2,949,496 7 2,630,478 1 319,018 — —

Total West Virginia 8 2,949,496 7 2,630,478 1 319,018 — —

Wisconsin

Aurora Health Care, Inc. — 593,121 — 593,121 — — — —

BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Inc. 12 8,821,118 9 5,817,719 1 106,855 2 2,896,544

Board of Regents of the University of 

Wisconsin System

1 1,734,092 — — — — 1 1,734,092

Medical College of Wisconsin 58 28,381,021 53 27,526,190 5 854,831 — —

Morgridge Institute for Research, Inc. 1 1,084,148 1 1,084,148 — — — —

University of Wisconsin, Madison 50 25,767,758 42 24,166,598 8 1,601,160 — —

Total Wisconsin 122 66,381,258 105 59,187,776 14 2,562,846 3 4,630,636 

Puerto Rico

Universidad Central Del Caribe 2 393,073 2 393,073 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences 2 329,931 2 329,931 — — — —

Total Puerto Rico 4 723,004 4 723,004 — — — —

Total U.S. 5,395 2,649,970,022 4,713 2,284,943,395 511 97,219,215 171 267,907,412
183

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Canada

Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto) 1 323,911 1 323,911 — — — —

McMaster University 1 243,775 1 243,775 — — — —

Montreal Heart Institute 1 125,000 1 125,000 — — — —

Ottawa Health Research Institute 1 288,360 1 288,360 — — — —

St. Michael’s Hospital 1 180,360 1 180,360 — — — —

University Health Network 1 326,176 1 326,176 — — — —

Total Canada 6 1,487,582 6 1,487,582 — — — —

China

The George Institute of China 2 600,499 — — — — 2 600,499

Total China 2 600,499 — — — — 2 600,499

Colombia

Malaria Vaccine Development Center 1 260,787 1 260,787 — — — —

Total Colombia 1 260,787 1 260,787 — — — —

Guatemala

Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y 

Panamá

1 498,819 — — — — 1 498,819

Total Guatemala 1 498,819 — — — — 1 498,819

Hungary

Institute of Enzymology, Biological 

Research Center

— 26,730 — 26,730 — — — —

Total Hungary — 26,730 — 26,730 — — — —

Kenya

Moi University School of Medicine 1 476,711 — — — — 1 476,711

Total Kenya 1 476,711 — — — — 1 476,711

Peru

Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia 1 537,459 — — — — 1 537,459

Total Peru 1 537,459 — — — — 1 537,459

South Africa

University of Cape Town 1 493,784 — — — — 1 493,784

Total South Africa 1 493,784 — — — — 1 493,784

Uganda

Makerere University — 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —

Total Uganda — 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —
184

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

United Kingdom

University College London 1 338,308 1 338,308 — — — —

Total United Kingdom 1 338,308 1 338,308 — — — —

Zimbabwe

University of Zimbabwe — 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —

Total Zimbabwe — 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —

Total, Other 14 4,920,679 8 2,313,407 — — 6 2,607,272 

Grand Total 5,409 $2,654,890,701 4,721 $2,287,156,802 511 $97,219,215 177 $270,514,684
 Appendices 

 Types of Research Activity

 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

 Index 

 187 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Types of Research Activity 

 Types of Research Activity 

 Research Projects

 Research Project Grants (R01): To support discrete and specific projects to be performed by one or 

several investigators in areas of the investigator’s 

particular interests and competencies.

 Research Projects (Cooperative Agreements) 

(U01): To support discrete, circumscribed projects 

in areas of an investigator’s specific interest and 

competency involving substantial programmatic 

participation by the NHLBI during performance 

of the activity.

Research Program (Cooperative Agreement) 

(U19): To support a research program of multiple 

projects, requiring a broadly-based, multidisciplinary 

and often long-term approach, directed toward a specific major objective, common theme, or program 

goal relevant to the Institute’s mission. The award 

involves substantial programmatic involvement by 

NHLBI staff to assist investigators during performance of the research activities.

Research Program Projects (P01): To support 

broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term 

research projects that have specific major objectives 

or basic themes directed toward a well-defined 

research program goal. Usually, a relatively large, 

organized group of researchers conducts individual 

subprojects, the results of which help achieve objectives of the program project.

 Small Research Grants (R03): To provide limited 

support for extended analyses of research data generated by clinical trials, population research, and demonstration and education studies.

 Academic Research Enhancement Awards 

(AREA) (R15): To support small-scale research 

projects conducted by faculty in primarily baccalaureate degree-granting domestic institutions. Awards 

are for up to $75,000 for direct costs (plus applicable 

indirect costs) for periods not to exceed 36 months.

 Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21): To 

encourage the development of new research activities in heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders program areas.

 Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R33): To provide phase II support for innovative exploratory and 

developmental research activities initiated under the 

R21 mechanism.

Clinical Trial Planning Grant (R34): To support 

the initial development of a clinical trial, including 

establishment of the research team; development of 

tools for data management and oversight of the 

research; and development of a trial design and other 

essential elements of the study, such as the protocol, 

recruitment strategies, and procedure manuals.

Method To Extend Research in Time (MERIT) 

Award (R37): To provide long-term research grant 

support to investigators whose research competency 

and productivity are distinctly superior and thus are 

likely to continue to perform in an outstanding 

manner. Investigators may not apply for a MERIT 

award; instead, they are selected by the NHLBI on 

the basis of their current grant applications and their 

present and past grant support.

Clinical Planning Grant Cooperative Agreement 

(U34): To support the initial development of a clinical trial, including establishment of the research 

team; development of tools for data management and 

oversight of the research; and development of a trial 

design and other essential elements of the study, such 

as the protocol, recruitment strategies, and procedure 

manuals. The award involves substantial programmatic involvement by NHLBI staff to assist investigators during performance of the research activities.

 NIH Director’s Pioneer Award (DP1): To support 

individual scientists of exceptional creativity who 

propose pioneering approaches to major contemporary challenges in biomedical research. 
 188 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Types of Research Activity

NIH Director’s New Innovator Award (DP2): To support exceptionally creative new investigators who propose highly innovative approaches that have the potential 

to produce an unusually high impact. The New Innovator Award will emphasize the importance and potential 

impact of the scientific problem, the novelty and innovativeness of the approach, and the applicant’s potential for 

creative and innovative research.

Linked Research Project Grant (RL1): To support a 

discrete, specified, circumscribed project that is administratively linked to another project or projects.

 Exploratory/Developmental Cooperative Agreements 

Phase I (UH2): To support the development of new 

research activities in program areas that are relevant to 

the Institute’s mission. Support is generally restricted in 

level of support and in time. The award requires substantial programmatic involvement by NHLBI staff to 

assist investigators during the performance of research 

activities.

Multi-Component Research Project Cooperative 

Agreements (UM1): To support large-scale cooperative 

agreements that involve complex clinical trials with multiple components (e.g., clinical networks that are relevant 

to the Institute’s mission). The components represent a 

variety of supporting functions and are not independent 

of the research projects. The award requires substantial 

programmatic involvement by NHLBI staff to assist 

investigators during the performance of research 

activities.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase I (R41): To support cooperative R&D 

projects between small business concerns and research 

institutions, limited in time and amount, to establish the 

technical merit and feasibility of ideas that have potential 

for commercialization. Awards are made to small business concerns only.

 Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase II (R42): To support in-depth development of cooperative R&D projects between small business concerns and research institutions, limited in time 

and amount, whose feasibility has been established in 

phase I and that have potential for commercialization. 

Awards are made to small business concerns only.

 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants, 

Phase I (R43): To support projects, limited in time and 

amount, to establish the technical merit and feasibility of 

research and development ideas that may ultimately lead 

to commercial products or services.

 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants, 

Phase II (R44): To support research project ideas that 

have been shown to be feasible in phase I and that are 

likely to result in commercially marketable products or 

services.

 Research Centers

 Exploratory Grants (P20): To support planning for 

new programs, expansion or modification of existing 

resources, and feasibility studies to explore various 

approaches to the development of interdisciplinary 

programs that offer potential solutions to problems of 

special significance to the mission of the NHLBI.

 Center Core Grants (P30): To support shared resources 

and facilities for basic, clinical, behavioral, and translational research in the prevention, detection, and treatment 

of HIV infection and AIDS. 

 Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research 

(SCCOR) Grants (P50): To foster multidisciplinary 

research on clinically relevant questions enabling basic 

science findings to be applied more rapidly to clinical 

problems. Research focuses on clinical and basic scientific issues related to diseases and disorders that are relevant to the mission of the NHLBI. The SCCOR program 

places more emphasis on clinical research than the 

SCOR program and requires at least 50 percent of the 

funded projects to be clinical.

 National Swine Research and Resource Center (U42): 

To support a National Swine Research and Resource 

Center that will serve as a resource for depositing, maintaining, preserving, and distributing swine models for 

studies of human diseases, as well as cryopreservation, 

storage, and reconstitution of embryos and germplasm.

Comprehensive Specialized Research Center Grants 

(U54): To support a large, interrelated biomedical 

research program focused on a disorder within the 

Institute’s mandate; to initiate and expand community 

education, screening, and counseling programs; and to 
 189 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Types of Research Activity 

educate medical and allied health professionals concerning problems of diagnosis and treatment of specific diseases such as sickle cell anemia.

 Research Career Programs

 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K01): To support underrepresented 

minority faculty members with varying levels of research 

experience to prepare them for research careers as independent investigators.

 Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research 

Ethics (K01): To provide support for training in 

research ethics for health professionals working at academic and other health-related institutions in biomedical, 

behavioral, or public health research, particularly 

research involving human participants.

 Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research 

Scientist Development Award (K01): To support faculty members at minority institutions who have the interest and potential to conduct state-of-the-art research in 

cardiovascular, pulmonary, or hematologic disease or in 

sleep disorders.

 Independent Scientist Award (K02): To enhance the 

research capability of promising individuals in the formative stages of their careers of independent research in 

the sciences related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; 

blood resources; and sleep disorders.

 Academic Award (K07): To support an individual with 

an academic appointment to introduce or improve a disease curriculum that will enhance the academic or 

research environment of the applicant institution as well 

as further the individual’s own career. This award series 

included the Tuberculosis Academic Award, the Sleep 

Academic Award, and the Nutrition Academic Award. 

Currently, the Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Academic 

Award and the Innovators in Hemoglobinopathies Care 

Career Development Award programs are being 

supported.

 Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08): To 

provide an opportunity for clinically trained physicians 

to develop research skills and gain experience in advanced research methods and experimental approaches 

in basic and applied sciences relevant to cardiovascular, 

pulmonary, and hematological diseases.

 Research Career Development Program in Vascular 

Medicine (K12): To promote comprehensive clinical 

research training for physicians wanting to specialize in 

vascular medicine. The goal is to prepare clinicians for 

academic roles in mentoring and leadership in clinical 

research in vascular medicine.

 Research Career Development Program in Clinical 

Hematology (K12): To develop and evaluate multidisciplinary career development programs in clinical 

hematology research that will equip new academic 

researchers with the knowledge and skills to address 

complex problems in blood diseases, transfusion medicine, and cellular therapies.

 Research Career Development Program in the 

Genetics and Genomics of Lung Diseases (K12): To 

develop multidisciplinary career development programs 

in genetics and genomics of lung diseases that will equip 

new investigators with the knowledge and skills to elucidate the etiology and pathogenesis of such diseases.

Clinical Research Career Development Programs in 

Emergency Medicine (K12): To promote multidisciplinary clinical research training programs in emergency 

medicine that prepare clinician-scientists for independent 

research careers and academic leadership roles in emergency medicine. Programs will provide comprehensive 

research training to evaluate innovative approaches in the 

diagnosis and clinical management of patients with acute, 

life-threatening manifestations of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic diseases and severe trauma in 

emergency department settings. 

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

(K18): To enable established investigators to acquire 

new research capabilities in the use of human or animal 

embryonic, adult, or cord blood stem cells. All candidates must have a sponsor, either within their own or at 

another institution, who is a well-qualified stem cell 

expert to serve as a mentor.

 NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22): To support 

the postdoctoral research training of an outstanding 

individual in an NHLBI intramural laboratory for up to 

3 years and subsequently, to support the individual’s 

successful transition from postdoctoral research to an 

extramural environment as an independent researcher.
 190 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Types of Research Activity

 Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career 

Development Award (K23): To provide support for 

career development to investigators who have made a 

commitment to focus their research endeavors on 

patient-oriented research. 

 Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24): To provide support for clinicians to 

allow them “protected time” to devote to patient-oriented 

research and to act as mentors for beginning clinical 

investigators. 

 Mentored Quantitative Research Career 

Development Award (K25): To provide support to 

investigators with quantitative science or engineering 

backgrounds who have made a commitment to focus 

their research on basic or clinical biomedicine, bioengineering, bioimaging, or behavioral sciences.

Pathway to Independence (K99/R00): To provide up 

to 5 years support in two phases to highly promising 

postdoctoral scientists to pursue research relevant to the 

Institute. The K99 phase (Career Transition Award) 

consists of 1 or 2 years of mentored support, followed 

by the R00 phase (Research Transition Award) of up to 

3 years of independent support, which is contingent on 

securing an independent research position. Award 

recipients will be expected to compete successfully for 

independent research grant support from the NIH or 

other Institutions during the independence phase to 

ensure continued support and a smooth transition to 

independence.

 Other Research Grants

 Cooperative Clinical Research (R10) (U10): To support studies and evaluations of relevant clinical problems. These grants usually involve collaborative efforts 

among several institutions and principal investigators 

and are conducted under a formal protocol.

 Conference Grants (R13): To support national and 

international scientific meetings, conferences, or workshops at which research is discussed.

 Research Demonstration and Education Projects 

(R18): To provide support designed to develop, test, and 

evaluate health-related activities and to foster application 

of existing knowledge to the control of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders.

 Resource-Related Research Projects (R24): To support research projects that will enhance the capability of 

resources to serve biomedical research in areas related to 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood health and diseases; 

blood resources; and sleep disorders. 

Education Projects (R25): To provide support for the 

development and implementation of a program as it 

relates to a category in one or more of the areas of education, information, training, technical assistance, coordination, or evaluation.

 Minority Biomedical Research Support Grants 

(S06): To strengthen the biomedical research and 

research training capability of minority institutions and to 

assist in increasing the involvement of minority faculty 

and students in biomedical research.

Research Enhancement Award (SC1): To support individual investigator-initiated research projects aimed at 

developing researchers at minority-serving institutions to 

a stage where they can transition successfully to other 

extramural support.

Pilot Project Award (SC2): To support underrepresented minorities who are at the beginning stages of a 

research career and interested in testing a new idea or 

generating preliminary data, or who are more experienced investigators and interested in switching to a different field of research.

 Continuing Education Training Grant (T15): To 

assist professional schools and other public and nonprofit 

institutions to establish, expand, or improve programs of 

continuing professional education, especially for programs dealing with new scientific developments.

 Resource-Related Research Projects (U24): To support research projects contributing to improvement of the 

capability of resources to serve biomedical research.

 Historical Black College and University Scientist 

Award (UH1): To strengthen and augment the human 

resources at historically black colleges and universities 

(HBCU) by recruiting an established research scientist 

into their biomedical or behavioral sciences department; 

to enhance the career of the recruited research scientist; 

and to strengthen other HBCU resources for the conduct 

of biomedical or behavioral research in areas related to 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood health and disease; transfusion medicine; and sleep disorders.
 191 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Types of Research Activity 

 Individual National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA) 

Individual Predoctoral M.D./Ph.D. NRSA (F30): To 

provide predoctoral individuals with supervised research 

training in areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; sleep disorders leading toward a 

combined M.D./Ph.D. degree. Training under this 

award is designed to provide a foundation for a career as 

a physician-scientist in the areas of interest to the 

NHLBI.

 Predoctoral Individual NRSA (F31): To provide predoctoral individuals with supervised research training in 

areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood 

resources; and sleep disorders leading toward the 

research degree (e.g., Ph.D.).

 Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32): To provide postdoctoral research training to individuals to broaden their 

scientific background and extend their potential for 

research in areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and blood resources.

 NRSA for Senior Fellows (F33): To provide experienced scientists with an opportunity to make major 

changes in the direction of their research careers, to 

broaden their scientific background, to acquire new 

research capabilities, to enlarge their command of an 

allied research field, or to take time from regular professional responsibilities for the purpose of broadening their 

research capabilities.

 Institutional National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA)

 Institutional NRSA (T32): To enable institutions to 

make awards to individuals selected by them for predoctoral and postdoctoral research training in areas related 

to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; and 

sleep disorders.

 Minority Institutional Research Training Program 

(T32M): To support full-time research training for 

investigative careers at minority schools in areas of cardio vascular, pulmonary, and hematologic diseases and 

sleep disorders. Graduate students, postdoctoral students, or health professions students may be supported 

under this program.

 MARC Undergraduate NRSA Institutional Grants 

(T34): To support institutional training grants for underrepresented minority undergraduates to obtain research 

training and improve their preparation for graduate training in the biomedical and behavioral sciences.

 NRSA Short-Term Research Training (T35 and 

T35M): To provide individuals with research training 

during off-quarters or summer periods to encourage 

research careers or to encourage research in areas of 

national need. This program includes the Short-Term 

Training for Minority Students Program and short-term 

training for students in health professional schools.

 MARC Visiting Professors for Minority Institutions 

(T36): To increase the number of well-trained minority 

scientists in biomedical disciplines and to strengthen 

the research and teaching capabilities of minority 

institutions.

 Other Support

 Research and Development Contracts (N01): To 

develop or apply new knowledge or test, screen, or 

evaluate a product, material, device, or component for 

use by the scientific community.

 Small Business Innovation Research (N43): To support projects, limited in time and amount, to establish the 

technical merit and feasibility of R&D ideas that may 

ultimately lead to a commercial product(s) or service(s).

 NIH Inter-Agency Agreements (Y01): To provide a 

source of funds to another Federal Agency to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

 NIH Intra-Agency Agreements (Y02): To provide a 

source of funds to another NIH component to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

 Minority Research Supplements Programs: To provide supplemental funds to active NHLBI grants to support the research of minority high school, undergraduate, 

and graduate students; postdoctoral trainees; and 

investigators. 

 193 

 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

 ACCORDION Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk 

in Diabetes Follow-Up

ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme

AHEAD Action for Health in Diabetes

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

ALLHAT Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering 

Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial

AMI acute myocardial infarction

ARDSNet Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 

Clinical Network

ARIC Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities

BABY HUG Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical 

Trial

BEE Board of Extramural Experts

BTRP Basic and Translational Research 

Program

CABG coronary artery bypass graft

 CADET Centers for Advanced Diagnostics and 

Experimental Therapeutics in Lung 

Diseases

CARDIA Coronary Artery Risk Development in 

Young Adults 

CDC Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention

CF cystic fibrosis

CHART Consortium of Hospitals Advancing 

Research on Tobacco

CHD coronary heart disease

CLRD chronic lower respiratory diseases

COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

COPTR Childhood Obesity Prevention and 

Treatment Research

CPHHD Centers for Population Health and 

Health Disparities

CVD cardiovascular diseases

DARD Division for the Application of Research 

Discoveries

DASH Dietary Approaches To Stop 

Hypertension

DBDR Division of Blood Diseases and 

Resources

DCVS Division of Cardiovascular Sciences

DERA Division of Extramural Research Affairs

DIR Division of Intramural Research

DLD Division of Lung Diseases

EARLY Early Adult Reduction of Weight 

Through LifestYle Intervention

EDTA ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid

FY fiscal year

GOCADAN Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in 

Alaska Natives

GWAS genome-wide association study

HCHS Hispanic Community Health Study

HEW Department of Health, Education, and 

Welfare (now HHS)

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 
 194 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 

HHS Health and Human Services (formerly 

HEW)

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

ICD International Classification of Diseases

JHS Jackson Heart Study

LOTT Long-Term Organ Treatment Trial

MARC Minority Access to Research Careers

MESA Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

NAEPP National Asthma Education and 

Prevention Program

NCEP National Cholesterol Education Program

NCHS National Center for Health Statistics

NCSDR National Center on Sleep Disorders 

Research

NHANES National Health and Nutrition 

Examination Survey

NHBPEP National High Blood Pressure Education 

Program

NHI National Heart Institute

NHLBAC National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Advisory Council

NHLBI National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute (formerly NHI and NHLI)

NHLI National Heart and Lung Institute

NICHD National Institute of Child Health and 

Human Development

NIH National Institutes of Health

NINDS National Institute of Neurological 

Disorders and Stroke

NRSA National Research Service Award

ORBIT Obesity Related Behavior Intervention 

Trials

OSA obstructive sleep apnea

PA Program Announcement

PACT Production Assistance for Cellular 

Therapies

PAR Program Announcement with special 

receipt, referral, or review

PHS Public Health Service

RFA Request for Applications

RFP Request for Proposals

RPG research project grant

RuSH Registry and Surveillance System in 

Hemoglobinopathies

SBIR Small Business Innovation Research

SCD sickle cell disease

SCCOR Specialized Center of Clinically 

Oriented Research

SCOR Specialized Center of Research

SDB sleep disordered breathing

SES socioeconomic status

SIDS sudden infant death syndrome

SOYA Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma

SPRINT Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention 

Trial

STAN Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids

STTR Small Business Technology Transfer

TB tuberculosis

WHI Women’s Health Initiative
 195 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Index 

 Index 

 A

Abbreviated Staff Directory, 1–7

Abbreviations, 193–195

Academic Research Enhancement Award, 56, 77, 187

Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Follow-Up 

Study (ACCORDION), 53, 102, 103, 145

Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities, 

135–154

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network 

(ARDSNet), 118, 122, 129

Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus Removal With 

Adjunctive Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis (ATTRACT), 

84, 95, 115, 117

Advancing Novel Science in Women’s Health Research, 56

Airway Smooth Muscle Function and Targeted Therapeutics in 

Human Asthma, 146

Ancillary Studies in Clinical Trials, 55, 152, 153

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent 

Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 26, 27, 29, 53, 118, 122, 123, 

193

Asthma Network (AsthmaNet), 83, 91, 121, 122, 129, 147

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 53–54, 102, 

103–104, 137, 193

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study 

(ARIC-NCS), 83, 85

B

Basic and Translational Research Program (See also Sickle Cell 

Centers), 65, 66, 77, 98, 135, 152, 193

Bioengineering Research Grants, 56

Bioengineering Research Partnerships, 56

Biophysical and Biomechanical Aspects of Embryonic 

Development, 57

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network, 56, 

84, 95, 121, 122, 131, 154

Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients Requiring Temporary 

Interruption of Warfarin Therapy for an Elective Invasive 

Procedure or Surgery (BRIDGE) Trial, 84, 95, 115

Budget History, FY 1950–2011, 67–68

Budget Overview, Obligations by Funding Mechanism, FY 

2011, 65–66

Blood Diseases and Resources Program, 66

Cardiovascular Sciences Program, 66

Extramural Obligations, 66

Lung Diseases Program, 66

C

Cardiac Translational Research Implementation Program 

(C-TRIP), 99

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network, 83, 85, 120, 

122, 123

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), 54, 102, 104, 193

Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial, 83, 85

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions 

(CORAL), 83, 85, 112, 116

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial 

Fibrillation (CABANA) Trial, 83, 85–86, 113, 116

Center for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, 83, 86, 138

Centers for Advanced Diagnostics and Experimental 

Therapeutics in Lung Diseases (CADET) Stage I, 54, 96, 97, 

149, 152

Centers for AIDS Research, 65, 66, 77, 100

Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities, 96, 138, 

193

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research 

(COPTR), 83, 86, 121, 122, 123–124, 142, 193

Clarification of Optimal Anticoagulation Through Genetics 

(COAG), 118, 122, 124

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization 

(CLEVER), 83, 86, 112, 116

Clinical Research Career Development Programs in Emergency 

Medicine Research, 54, 77, 159, 160, 189

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation 

Outcomes, 83, 86, 120, 122, 124

Clinical Trials (See also individual trials), 111–133

Institute-initiated: contracts, FY 2001–2011, 118–119

cooperative agreements, FY 2001–2011, 120–121

summary by program, FY 2011, 122

Investigator-initiated, FY 2001–2011, 111–115

summary by program, FY 2011, 116–117
 196 

 NHLBI FY 201 Fact Book

Index 

Common Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Lung Cancer and 

COPD, 54

Community-Based Partnerships for Childhood Obesity 

Prevention and Control Research, 58

Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on Tobacco 

(CHART), 83, 86, 121, 122, 124–125, 144, 193

Contract obligations (See Research and development contracts)

Cooperative Agreements, 9, 53, 59, 77, 83–84, 85–95, 111–115, 

116–117, 120–121, 122, 123–133, 187, 188

COPD Clinical Research Network, 31, 83, 91, 121, 122, 130, 

149

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults 

(CARDIA), 102, 104, 137, 140, 193

Cross Organ Mechanism-Associated Phenotypes for Genetic 

Analyses of Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Diseases 

(MAPGen for HLBS), 55, 83, 86

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities Academic Award, 

159, 160

D

Deep Water Horizon Disaster Research Consortia, 57

Development of Multifunctional Drug and Gene Delivery 

Systems, 57 

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—Phase II, 83, 

87, 120, 122, 125, 145

Diet Composition and Energy Balance, 56

Disease statistics

adult population with hypertension, 49

death rates for cardiovascular diseases, 33, 37, 39

death rates for heart diseases, 33, 37–42

death rates for lung diseases, 34, 43, 45, 46

death rates for stroke, 40

deaths attributed to heart failure, 39

deaths by major causes, 35

deaths from blood diseases, 34, 35–36

deaths from cardiovascular diseases, 33–34, 35–37

deaths from lung diseases, 34, 35–36, 44

discharged dead from hospital with cardiovascular and lung 

diseases, 41

economic costs of illness, 33–34, 51–52

hospitalization rates for heart failure, 34, 50

percent change in age-adjusted death rates for selected 

causes, 43

persons experiencing asthma episodes in previous 12 months, 

50

physician office visits for sleep disorders, 46

prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, 48

prevalence of common cardiovascular and lung diseases, 

47–48

ten leading causes of death, 38

ten leading causes of death among minority groups, 38

Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health, 56

Division for the Application of Research Discoveries, 4, 9, 17, 

138, 193

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, 4, 15–16, 21, 193

Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, 3, 9, 11–14, 31, 193

Division of Intramural Research, 5–6, 9, 16–17, 21, 193

Division of Lung Diseases, 3–4, 9, 14–15, 21, 193

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping, 102, 104

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 

83, 87

E

Early Adult Reduction of Weight Through LifestYle 

Intervention (EARLY) Trials, 83, 87, 120, 125–126, 142, 193

Employment, FY 2001–2011, 71

Exploratory Collaborations With National Centers for 

Biomedical Computing, 56

Exploratory Innovations in Biomedical Computational Science 

and Technology 56–57

Exploratory Studies in the Neurobiology of Pain in Sickle Cell 

Disease, 152

Extramural research funding 

dollars funded by funding mechanism, FY 2001–2011, 71, 

73–74

percentage trends by funding mechanism, FY 2001–2011, 73, 

75

F

Framingham Heart Study, 22, 24, 29, 102, 104–105

Funding of grants, contracts, and training by:

foreign country and institution, FY 2011:

Canada, 183; China, 183; Colombia, 183; Guatemala, 183;

Hungary, 183; Kenya, 183; Peru, 183; South Africa, 183;

Uganda, 183; United Kingdom, 184; Zimbabwe, 184

state or territory and institution, FY 2011:

Alabama, 166; Arizona, 166; Arkansas, 166; California,

166–168; Colorado, 168; Connecticut, 168; Delaware, 169;

District of Columbia, 169; Florida, 169; Georgia, 169–170;

Hawaii, 170; Illinois, 170; Indiana, 170; Iowa, 171;

Kansas, 171; Kentucky, 171; Louisiana, 171; Maine, 171;
197

NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

Index

Maryland, 171–172; Massachusetts, 172–173; Michigan,

174; Minnesota, 174; Mississippi, 174; Missouri, 175;

Montana, 175; Nebraska, 175; Nevada, 175; New

Hampshire, 175; New Jersey, 175–176; New Mexico, 176;

New York, 176–177; North Carolina, 177; Ohio, 177–178;

Oklahoma, 178; Oregon, 178; Pennsylvania, 178–179;

Rhode Island, 179; South Carolina, 179–180; South Dakota,

180; Tennessee, 180; Texas, 180–181; Utah, 181; Vermont,

181; Virginia, 181; Washington, 181–182; West Virginia,

182; Wisconsin, 189; Puerto Rico, 182

G

Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Other 

Cardiovascular Conditions (GenTAC): National Registry, 

102, 105

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives 

(GOCADAN), 83, 87, 137, 193

Global Health Centers of Excellence, 102, 105

H

HALF-PINT: Heart and Lung Failure – Pediatric Insulin 

Titration Trial, 83, 91–92, 115, 116

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network, 83, 87, 120, 122,

126, 140

Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS), 102, 105–106, 

137, 193

I

Important events in NHLBI history, 19–31

Individual National Research Service Awards (NRSA), 

155–158, 191

Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic Fibrosis (ISIS), 83, 92, 

114, 116

Innovations in Biomedical Computational Science and 

Technology Initiative, 57

Innovators in Hemoglobinopathies Care Career Development 

Award, 55, 77, 153, 159, 160, 189

Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support 

(INTERMACS), 102, 106

Investigator-Initiated Multisite Clinical Trials, 55

Ischemia (International Study of Comparative Health 

Effectiveness with Medical Invasive Approaches) Trial, 83, 

87, 113, 116

J

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), 3, 102, 106, 137, 194

K

Knockout Mouse Phenotyping Program (KOMP2), 57

L

Lifestyle Interventions in Overweight and Obese Pregnant 

Women Consortium, 57

Longitudinal Studies of HIV-Associated Lung Infections and 

Complications, 144, 151

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT), 119, 122, 130–

131, 149, 194

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes, 83, 87, 120, 122, 

126, 146

Lung Tissue Research Consortium, 54, 102, 108

M

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository, 55, 

102, 109

MAPGen Knowledge Base and Coordination Center, 55

Methodology and Measurement in the Behavioral and Social 

Sciences, 57

Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract in HIV-Infected 

Individuals and HIV-Uninfected Controls, 83, 92, 151

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research, 77, 

159, 160, 190

Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers Consortium, 57

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 102, 106, 137, 

194

N

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council, 59; 

membership, 60

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigations in 

Cardiovascular Medicine, 83, 88, 120, 122, 126–127

New Approaches to Arrhythmia Detection and Treatment, 54

New Strategies for Growing 3D Tissues, 57

Next Generation Genetic Association Studies, 55, 83, 88

NHLBI Cardiac Development Consortium, 83, 88

NHLBI Clinical Trial Pilot Studies, 55

NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program (GTRP), 102, 

106–107, 193

NHLBI Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium, 83, 88

NHLBI Pediatric Translational Consortium Administrative 

Coordinating Center, 83, 89

NHLBI Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium Research Hub, 

83, 89
 198 

 NHLBI FY 201 Fact Book

Index 

NHLBI Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology, 102, 

107

NHLBI Research Centers at Minority-Serving Institutions, 

56

NHLBI–CDC Registry and Surveillance System in 

Hemoglobinopathies (RuSH), 102, 109, 153, 194

Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II, 83, 92, 121, 

122, 131

O

Obesity Policy Research: Evaluation and Measures, 58

Obesity Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT) 83, 

89–90, 142, 194

Obligations by funding mechanism, FY 2011, 65–66

Obligations trends, FY 2001–2011,

budget category:

constant 2001 dollars, 69–70

current dollars, 69–70

budget history, 67–68

funding mechanism, 71, 73–75

Institute-initiated awards and investigator-initiated awards,

72–73

Obligations, extramural, by state and institution, FY 2011 (See 

Funding of grants, contracts, and training)

Office of Research Training and Minority Health, 2, 136

P

Pediatric Heart Network, 54, 83, 90, 120, 122, 127

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS)—Data and 

Operations Center, 120, 122, 127

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG), 

31, 119, 122, 132, 152–153, 193

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 84, 92

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, 83, 90

Phenotype Finder in Data Resources (PFINDR): A Tool To 

Support Cross-Study Data Discovery Among NHLBI 

Genomic Studies, 54

Planning Grants for Pivotal Clinical Trials in 

Hemoglobinopathies, 55

Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (PROP), 84, 

92–93

Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An Understudied 

Population at Great Risk, 84, 93

Production Assistance for Cellular Therapies (PACT), 102, 109, 

154

Program Advisory and Review Committees, 59–64

Program Overview, 9–18

Programs of Excellence in Glycosciences, 56

Proteomics Initiative, 102, 107

Pumps for Kids, Infants, and Neonates (PumpKIN), 102, 107

R

Randomized Evaluation VAD InterVEntion before Inotropic 

Therapy (REVIVE-IT), 118, 122, 127–128

Randomized Trial of Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids (ALPS), 

84, 93, 115, 116

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation To 

Prevent Childhood Asthma, 84, 93, 114, 116

Ranolazine in Implantable Defibrillators (RAID) Trial, 83, 90

Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-III 

(REDS-III), 55, 102, 109–110

Research Activity, types of, 187–191

Research and development contracts (See also individual programs and studies), 65, 66, 72, 101–110, 191 

by program, FY 2011, 66

Research Career Programs, 65–66, 71–75, 77–78, 80, 155, 159, 

160, 189–190

awards, FY 2001–2011, 159

minority biomedical research, FY 2001–2011, 161

obligation trends, FY 2001–2011, 160

Research Dissemination and Implementation Grants, 55

Research grants,

by category, FY 2011, 78

by funding mechanism, 77

clinical trials, 111–117

investigator-initiated and Institute-initiated, FY 2001–2011,

72, 73

obligation trends, FY 2001–2011, 74

Research project grants

amount funded, FY 2001–2011, 78, 81

applications reviewed and awarded, FY 2001–2011, 79

average costs, FY 2001–2011, 82

by funding mechanism, 77

by program, 66

facility and administrative costs, 81

Research Training and Career Development (See also Research 

Career Programs),
 199 

 NHLBI FY 2011 Fact Book

 Index 

full-time training positions, FY 2001–2011, 155–156, 158

history of training obligations, FY 2001–2011, 157

minority biomedical obligations, 161

research career programs: awards and obligations, FY 2001–

2011, 159–160

supplements program: awards and obligations, FY 2001–

2011, 162–163

Rule Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computed Assisted 

Tomography (ROMICAT II), 83, 90, 113, 116

S

Safe and Effective Instruments and Devices for Use in the 

Neonatal Intensive Care Units, 57

Science Moving TowArds Research Translation and Therapy 

Program (SMARTT), 56, 102, 108

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With Acute 

Respiratory Failure, 84, 93–94, 114, 117

Selected Topics in Transfusion Medicine, 55

Severe Asthma Research Program, 54, 84, 94, 146

Sickle Cell Centers, 65, 66, 77, 98

Sickle Cell Disease Clinical Research Network, 121, 154

Sildenafil for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated Pulmonary 

Hypertension (walk-PHaSST), 31, 119, 122, 132

Sleep and Social Environment: Basic Biopsychosocial 

Processes, 58

Social Network Analysis and Health, 58

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented 

Research (SCCOR) in 

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 96, 97

Pulmonary Vascular Disease, 96, 97

Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling, 96, 97

Strong Heart Study, 23, 83, 90–91, 137, 194

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN), 84, 94, 114, 117, 

194

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma (SOYA), 84, 94, 114, 117, 

194

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD 

Study (SPIROMICS), 102, 108

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH), 30, 31, 

83, 91, 112, 116

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), 118, 122, 

128, 141, 194

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest 

(THAPCA) Trials, 83, 91, 113, 116

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network, 

84, 95, 121, 122, 132–133

Translational Programs in Lung Diseases, 54

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy in Adults With 

Preserved Ejection Fraction Congestive Heart Failure 

(TOPCAT), 118, 122, 128

Trial of Late Surfactant To Prevent Bronchopulmonary 

Dysplasia (TOLSURF), 84, 95, 114, 117

Types of Research Activities, 187–191

U

Understanding and Promoting Health Literacy, 57

Utilization of a Human Lung Tissue Resource for Vascular 

Research, 54–55

W

Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), 9, 10, 13, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 

54, 118, 122, 128–129, 194 


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NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE FACT BOOK