book

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE

fact book

fact book

fact book

fact bookfact book

FACT BOOK

FISCAL YEAR

2004

F EBRUA RY 2005

FO R ADMINISTR ATIVE US E

NATIONAL I NSTITUTES

O F HEALTH

NATIONAL HEART, L UNG ,

AND BLOOD I NSTITUTE

fact book

fact book

NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Contents

iii

Figures ..............................................................................................................................................v

Tables ..............................................................................................................................................vii

1. Directory of Personnel .................................................................................................................1

2. Program Overview.......................................................................................................................9

3. Important Events........................................................................................................................25

4. Disease Statistics........................................................................................................................35

5. Institute-Initiated Programs Starting in FY 2004.......................................................................55

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees.......................................................................................61

7. Fiscal Year 2004 Budget Overview...........................................................................................67

8. Long-Term Trends.....................................................................................................................71

9. Research Grants .........................................................................................................................79

10. Research and Development Contracts .....................................................................................107

11. Clinical Trials...........................................................................................................................115

12. Minority Activities...................................................................................................................137

13. Research Training and Career Development Programs...........................................................153

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2004 ..........................................................161

Appendixes

Types of Research Activity......................................................................................................187

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms.......................................................................................193

Index ........................................................................................................................................197

Contents

NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Figures

v

Figures

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2002.........................................................................................................................37

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2002......................................................................37

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 2002...................................................................................................38

Deaths From Lung Diseases, U.S., 2002...................................................................................................................38

Deaths From Blood Diseases, U.S., 2002 .................................................................................................................38

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2002.........................................................................................39

Death Rates for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2002 ....................................................................................39

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2002..........................................................................................40

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2002 .......................................................................40

Deaths From Congestive Heart Failure, U.S., 1968–2002........................................................................................41

Death Rates for Heart Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2002 ..................................................42

Death Rates for Stroke by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2002..............................................................42

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2002 .....................................................................................43

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead 

From Hospitals, U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2002..........................................................................................................43

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Men Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2002 ...................44

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Women Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2002..............44

Change in Death Rates for Selected Causes by Race and Gender, U.S., 1992–2002...............................................45

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2002....................................................................................45

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2002 ................................................................................................46

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2002..................................................46

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Men Ages 35+ Years, 

Selected Countries, 1980–2002 ..............................................................................................................................47

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Women Ages 35+ Years, 

Selected Countries, 1980–2002 ..............................................................................................................................47

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, 

U.S., 1985–2002 .....................................................................................................................................................48

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 1990–2002.................................................................................48

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults by Age, U.S., 1999–2002 ...........................................................49

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2002.....................................................50

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2001 ....................................................50

Hypertensive Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Age 18+, U.S., 1976–80 to 1999–2002 .......................51

Adult Population With Hypertension by Age, Gender, and Race, U.S., 1999–2002................................................51

Hospitalization Rates for Congestive Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 Years and 65+ Years, U.S., 1971–2002.............52

Persons Experiencing Asthma Episodes in Previous 12 Months by Age, U.S., 1997–2003 ....................................52

Total Economic Costs, U.S., 2005 ............................................................................................................................53

Economic Costs: Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2005 ..............................................................53
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Figures

vi

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2004 Budget Overview

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category........................................................................................................ 67

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program............................................................................................................ 67

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Division............................................................................................................ 67

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Current Dollars....................................................................................................................................................... 72

Constant 1994 Dollars............................................................................................................................................ 72

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1994–2004.......................................................... 74

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 ........................................ 75

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 1994–2004......................................................................................................................................... 75

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Dollars .................................................................................................................................................................... 77

Percent of Extramural Funds.................................................................................................................................. 78

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category............................................................................................................. 79

NHLBI Research Project Grant, Research Centers Grant, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1994–2004......................................................................................................................................... 80

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded........................................................................................................... 81

Number Reviewed and Awarded ........................................................................................................................... 82

Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate) ................................................................................... 82

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 ........................ 83

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1994–2004 ........................................................... 85

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004........................................... 107

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 ............................... 153

NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 1994–2004........................................................................... 153

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements Program 

Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 ................................................................................................................. 159

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2004

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2004 ........................................................................... 161
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Tables

vii

Tables

Chapter 2. Program Overview

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases and Blood Resources Programs ....................................10

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1982 and 2002 ...............................................................................................................................................37

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2002........................................................38

Death Rates for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1982 and 2002.........................................41

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2002..................................................46

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2002.....................................................49

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2005......................................................53

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2004 Budget Overview

NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004..............................................................................67

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2004..............................................................................68

NHLBI Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004 ........................................................................................68

NHLBI Epidemiology and Clinical Applications Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004 ........................................................................................68

NHLBI Lung Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004 ........................................................................................69

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004 ........................................................................................69

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research Program

Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004..........................................................................................69

Women’s Health Initiative 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004 ........................................................................................70

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2004.........................................................................................71

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Current Dollars .......................................................................................................................................................73

Constant 1994 Dollars ............................................................................................................................................73

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 ..........................................................74

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 1994–2004.......................................................................................................74

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Dollars ....................................................................................................................................................................76

Percent of Total Extramural Budget.......................................................................................................................76

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Dollars ....................................................................................................................................................................77

Percent of Total Extramural Budget.......................................................................................................................78
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Tables

viii

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004 ..................................................................... 79

NHLBI Research Project Grant, Research Centers Grant, and Other Research 

Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004......................................................................................................... 80

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded........................................................................................................... 81

Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded .......................................................................................... 82

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 ........................ 83

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 1994–2004.......................... 84

Facility and Administrative (F&A) Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 ............. 84

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1994–2004 .......................................................... 85

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10) Programs.......................................................................................... 86

Specialized Centers of Research (P50) and Specialized Centers of Clinical Research (P50) Programs................ 101

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 ................................. 107

Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 .............................. 108

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 ............................................................... 115

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2004: Summary by Program...................................... 119

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Contracts .............................................................................................................................................................. 120

Cooperative Agreements...................................................................................................................................... 122

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2004: Summary by Program

Contracts .............................................................................................................................................................. 124

Cooperative Agreements...................................................................................................................................... 124

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2004........................ 154

History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 1994–2004................................................................. 155

Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 1994–2004.................................................................... 156

NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 1994–2004............................................................................... 157

NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 ............................................................ 158

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research 

Supplements Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004............................................................................ 159

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1994–2004............................................ 160

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 ........................ 160

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2004

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2004......................................................... 162
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

1

Office of the Director Bldg. Room Phone MSC†‡

Acting Director, Barbara M. Alving, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A52 496–5166 2486

Acting Deputy Director, Lawrence Friedman, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A47 496–1078 2490

Assistant to the Director, Sheila Pohl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A52 496–6471 2486

Special Assistant to the Director (NHLBI AIDS Coordinator),

Elaine Sloand, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A35 496–3245 2490

Assistant Director for Ethics and Clinical Research,

Lawrence Friedman, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A20 496–9899 2490

Associate Director for Administrative Management, 

Donald P. Christoferson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A46 496–2411 2490

Associate Director for Scientific Program Operation, 

Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A03 496–6331 2482

Associate Director for Prevention, Education, and Control,

Gregory J. Morosco, Ph.D., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Associate Director for International Programs, 

Ruth J. Hegyeli, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A29 496–5375 2490

Office of Work Force Development and Recognition Director, 

Mishyelle I. Croom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A28 496–1763 2490

Office of Minority Health Affairs Director,

Helena Mishoe, Ph.D., M.P.H.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2§ 8188 451–5081 7913

Office of Administrative Management 

Director/Executive Officer, Donald P. Christoferson . . . . . . . . . 31 5A46 496–2411 2490

Administrative Officer, Valery D. Gheen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

Management Policy and Administrative Services Branch

Chief, Marilyn Jackson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

Freedom of Information/Privacy Act

Coordinator, Suzanne Freeman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–9737 2490

Financial Management Branch

Chief, Sandra Gault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A46 496–4653 2490

Extramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Loretta L. Barnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2§ 7026 435–6373 7921

Intramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Gary Unger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N220 402–3646 1670

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Director, Carl E. Hunt, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL1** 6022 435–0199 7993

Administrative Officer, Stacey Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2§ 7026 435–6373 7921

Women’s Health Initiative

Director, Barbara M. Alving, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A52 496–5166 2486

Administrative Officer, Charlotte M. Wiltshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2§ 7026 435–6373 7921

Office of Prevention, Education, and Control

Director, Gregory J. Morosco, Ph.D., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

1. Directory of Personnel*

* Current as of October 15, 2004. For locating personnel not listed, the general information number is 301–496–4000. All listed phone numbers are in 

area code 301. The Personnel Directory, which is periodically updated throughout the year, is located on the NHLBI Home Page under About NHLBI.

† MSC—Mail Stop Code.

‡ Full mailing address formats are located at the end of this chapter.

§ RKL2—Rockledge II Building.

** RKL1—Rockledge I Building.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

2

Program Operations Coordinator, Nancy J. Poole, M.B.A. . . . . . 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Administrative Officer, Rebecca Tener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

Health Communications and Information Science

Senior Manager, Terry C. Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–0554 2480

Public Health Program Development

Senior Manager, Robinson Fulwood, Ph.D., M.S.P.H. . . . . 31 4A10 496–0554 2480

NHLBI Nutrition Coordinator, Darla E. Danford, D.Sc., M.P.H. 31 4A10 496–0554 2480

National High Blood Pressure Education Program

Coordinator, Edward J. Roccella, Ph.D., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Cholesterol Education Program

Coordinator, James I. Cleeman, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Asthma Education and Prevention Program

Coordinator, Diana K. Schmidt, M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Heart Attack Alert Program

Coordinator, Mary McDonald Hand, M.S.P.H., R.N. . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Obesity Education Initiative

Coordinator, Karen Donato, M.S., R.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

NHLBI Women’s Heart Health Education Initiative

Coordinator, Ann Taubenheim, Ph.D., M.S.N.. . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–4236 2480

Office of Science and Technology

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A03 496–6331 2482

Deputy Director, Barbara Liu, S.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A06 496–9899 2482

Administrative Officer, Rebecca E. Tener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

Office of International Programs

Director, Ruth Hegyeli, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A29 496–5375 2490

Program Studies and Reports Program

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A03 496–6331 2482

Science and Special Issues Program

Director, Barbara Liu, S.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A06 496–9899 2482

Office of Public Liaison

Coordinator, Jonelle Drugan, Ph.D., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A07 496–9899 2482

Information Resources and Technology Program

Director, Ralph Van Wey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL1 6210 435–0119 7994

Administrative Officer, Amy W. Sheetz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6367 7921

Office of Technology Transfer and Development

Director, Lili M. Portilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL1 6018 402–5579 7992

Administrative Officer, Stacey A. Long. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases

Director, Stephen C. Mockrin, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9160 435–0466 7940

Deputy Director, Sonia Skarlatos, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9158 435–0477 7940

Special Assistant for Clinical Studies, David J. Gordon, M.D. . . . . RKL2 9152 435–0466 7940

Research Training and Special Programs Scientific Research Group

Leader, Beth Schucker, M.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9140 435–0535 7940

Administrative Officer, Lisa A. Freeny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Clinical and Molecular Medicine Program

Director, Alice Mascette, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9132 435–0555 7940

Associate Director, Susan Old, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9137 435–1802 7940

Office of the Director (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

3

Cardiovascular Medicine Scientific Research Group

Leader, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9178 435–0515 7940

Bioengineering and Genomic Applications 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Sunil Pandit, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9144 435–1802 7940

Heart Research Program

Director, John L. Fakunding, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9170 435–0494 7940

Associate Director, Denis Buxton, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9188 435–0504 7940

Arrhythmias, Ischemia, and Sudden Cardiac Death 

Scientific Research Group 

Leader, David A. Lathrop, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9120 435–0507 7940

Heart Development, Function, and Failure 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Gail D. Pearson, M.D. Sc.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9200 435–0510 7940

Vascular Biology Research Program

Director, Eser Tolunay, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10198 435–0545 7956

Acting Associate Director, 

Deborah Applebaum-Bowden, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10190 435–0545 7956

Atherosclerosis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Momtaz Wassef, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10196 435–0558 7956

Hypertension Scientific Research Group

Leader, Paul A. Velletri, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10202 435–0560 7956

Division of Lung Diseases

Director, James P. Kiley, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10122 435–0233 7952

Deputy Director, Carol E. Vreim, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10120 435–0233 7952

Administrative Officer, Amy W. Sheetz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Airway Biology and Disease Program

Director, Gail G. Weinmann, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10210 435–0202 7952

Senior Scientific Advisor, Susan P. Banks-Schlegel, Ph.D. . . . . RKL2 10220 435–0202 7952

Asthma Scientific Research Group

Leader, Patricial Noel, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10222 435–0202 7952

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Environment 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Thomas Croxton, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10208 435–0202 7952

Cystic Fibrosis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Susan P. Banks-Schlegel, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10220 435–0202 7952

Sleep and Neurobiology Scientific Research Group

Leader, Michael J. Twery, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10116 435–0202 7952

Training and Special Programs Scientific Research Group

Leader, J. Sri Ram, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10206 435–0202 7952

Lung Biology and Disease Program

Director, Dorothy B. Gail, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10100 435–0222 7952

Senior Scientific Advisor, Andrea Harabin, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10108 435–0222 7952

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/Tuberculosis

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Hannah H. Peavy, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10110 435–0222 7952

Acute Lung Injury/Critical Care Scientific Research Group

Leader, Andrea Harabin, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10108 435–0222 7952

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

4

Lung Developmental Biology and Pediatric Pulmonary Diseases 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Mary Anne Berberich, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10102 435–0222 7952

Immunology/Fibrosis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Herbert Y. Reynolds, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10112 435–0222 7952

Lung Cell and Vascular Biology Scientific Research Group

Acting Leader, Dorothy B. Gail, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10100 435–0222 7952

Training and Special Programs Scientific Research Group

Leader, Sandra Hatch, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10104 435–0222 7952

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

Director, Charles Peterson, M.D., M.B.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10160 435–0080 7950

Deputy Director, Liana Harvath, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10170 435–0080 7950

Senior Program Analyst, Susan Pucie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10166 435–0079 7950

Special Assistant, Henry Chang, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10158 435–0080 7950

Administrative Officer, Kathryn Lightbody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7158 435–6373 7921

Blood Diseases Program

Director, Blaine Moore, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10162 435–0050 7950

Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics Scientific Research Group

Leader, Greg Evans, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10152 435–0055 7950

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Pankaj Ganguly, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10176 435–0070 7950

Research Training, Ellen Werner, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10156 435–0061 7950

Blood Resources Program

Director, Jean Henslee-Downey, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10138 435–0065 7950

Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapies 

Scientific Research Group 

Leader, George J. Nemo, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10142 435–0075 7950

Research Training, Traci Mondoro, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10135 435–0075 7950

Small Business Research, Phyllis Mitchell, M.S.. . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10163 435–0075 7950

Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications

Director, Peter Savage, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8100 435–0422 7938

Deputy Director, Diane Bild, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8104 435–0422 7938

Senior Advisor, Jeffrey Cutler, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8102 435–0433 7938

Administrative Officer, Charlotte Wiltshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Office of Biostatistics Research

Director, Nancy L. Geller, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8210 435–0434 7938

Clinical Applications and Prevention Program

Director, Denise Simons-Morton, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8130 435–0414 7936

Clinical Prevention and Translation Scientific Research Group

Leader, Lawrence Fine, M.D., Dr.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8138 435–0377 7936

Clinical Trials Scientific Research Group

Leader, Michael Domanski, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8146 435–0399 7936

Behavioral Medicine and Prevention Scientific Research Group

Leader, Peter G. Kaufmann, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8118 435–0404 7936

Epidemiology and Biometry Program

Director, Teri Manolio, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8160 435–0707 7934

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Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

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Analytical Resources Scientific Research Group

Leader, Paul D. Sorlie, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8176 435–0707 7934

Genetic Epidemiology Scientific Research Group

Leader, Richard Fabsitz, M.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8178 435–0444 7934

Field Studies and Clinical Epidemiology 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Jean Olson, M.D. M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8154 435–0701 7934

Framingham Epidemiology Research Unit

Leader, Daniel Levy, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2

Framingham, MA 01702–5827

508–935–3458

Jackson Heart Study

Leader, Evelyn Walker, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jackson Medical Mall

350 West Woodrow Wilson Drive

Jackson, MS 39213

601–368–4654

Division of Extramural Affairs

Director, Deborah P. Beebe, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7100 435–0260 7922

Deputy Director, Robert Musson, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7216 435–0266 7924

Committee Management Officer, Kathryn M. Valeda . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7220 435–0255 7922

Administrative Officer, Veronica M. Vanwagner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7112 435–6373 7921

Review Branch 

Chief, Valerie Prenger, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7214 435–0270 7924

Referral Officer, Roy White, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7192 435–0287 7924

Heart/Lung Scientific Review Group

Leader, William Johnson, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7178 435–0725 7924

Vascular/Blood Scientific Review Group

Leader, Jeffrey H. Hurst, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7208 435–0303 7924

Clinical Studies and Training Scientific Review Group

Leader, Patricia Haggerty, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7194 435–0288 7924

Contracts Operations Branch

Chief, Robert Best . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6100 435–0330 7902

Deputy Chief, Douglas W. Frye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6224 435–0330 7902

Blood Diseases and Resources Contracts Section

Chief, Patricia E. Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6136 435–0355 7902

Heart, Lung, and Vascular Diseases Contracts Section

Chief, Pamela Lew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6106 435–0340 7902

Epidemiology and Clinical Applications Section

Chief, John C. Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6126 435–0345 7902

Procurement Section

Chief, Debra C. Hawkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6150 435–0366 7902

Grants Operations Branch

Chief, Suzanne A. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7160 435–0144 7926

Deputy Chief, Raymond Zimmerman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7174 435–0144 7926

Heart and Vascular Diseases Grants Management Section

Chief, David Reiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7172 435–0177 7926

Lung Diseases Grants Management Section

Chief, Robert A. Pike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7154 435–0166 7926

Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

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Blood Diseases and Resources Grants Management Section

Chief, Robert Vinson, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7156 435–0166 7926

Epidemiology and Clinical Application Grants Management Section

Chief, Holly Atherton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7152 435–0177 7926

Office of the Director

Clinical Research Program

Director, Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8C103 496–1518 1754

Clinical Director, Richard O. Cannon III, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7B15 496–9985 1650

Laboratory Research Program

Director, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N214 496–2116 1061

Intramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Gary Unger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N220 401–3646 1670

Clinical Research Program

Bioinformatics Core Facility 

Head, Eric Billings, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4A17 496–6520 1412

Flow Cytometry Core Facility

Head, Philip McCoy, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4A07 451–8824 1412

Office of Clinical Affairs

Chief, Maria Stagnitto, M.S.N., R.N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8C104 496–2295 1754

Office of Education

Chief, Herbert Geller, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8C213 435–6719 1755

Cardiothoracic Surgery Branch

Chief, Keith Horvath, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6-5152 402–1875 1454

Cardiovascular Branch

Chief, Toren Finkel, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7B14 402–4081 1650

Cardiovascular Intervention Program

Chief, Robert J. Lederman, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2C713 402–6769 1538

Clinical Cardiology Section

Chief, Richard O. Cannon III, M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7B15 496–9985 1650

Experimental Atherosclerosis Section

Chief, Howard S. Kruth, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5N113 496–4826 1422

Molecular Biology Section

Chief, Toren Finkel, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7B14 402–4081 1650

Vascular Biology Section

Chief, Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8C103 496–1518 1754

Hematology Branch

Chief, Neal Young, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7C103 496–5093 1652

Laboratory of Animal Medicine and Surgery

Chief, Robert Hoyt, D.V.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14E 106B 496–9673 5570

Molecular Disease Branch

Chief, H. Bryan Brewer, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N115 496–5095 1666

Molecular Biology Section

Chief, Silvia Santamarina-Fojo, M.D., Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . 10 7N108 496–6050 1666

Peptide Chemistry Section

Chief, H. Bryan Brewer, M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N115 496–5095 1666

Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine Branch

Chief, Joel Moss, M.D., Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6D03 496–1597 1590

Deputy Chief, Martha Vaughan, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5N307 496–4554 1434

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Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

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Biochemical Physiology Section

Chief, Vincent Manganiello, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5N307 496–1770 1434

Clinical Studies Section

Chief, Joel Moss, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6D03 496–1597 1590

Metabolic Regulation Section

Chief, Martha Vaughan, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5N307 496–4554 1434

Molecular Mechanisms Section

Chief, Joel Moss, M.D., Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6D03 496–1597 1590

Pulmonary and Cardiac Assist Devices Section

Chief, Theodor Kolobow, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5D07 496–2057 1590

Laboratory Research Program

iRNA Core Facility

Head, Yongsok Kim, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8N228 496–3672 1762

Light Microscopy Core Facility

Head, Christian Combs, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6N309 496–3236 1412

Pathology Core Facility

Head, Zu-Xi Yu, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2N240 435–4011 1650

Proteomics Core Facility

Head, Rong Fong Shen, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6C208 594–1060 1597

Transgenics Core Facility

Head, Chengyu Liu, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3305 435–5034 8018

Biochemistry and Biophysics Center

Chief, Boon Chock, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2134 496–2073 8012

Laboratory of Biochemistry

Chief, Boon Chock, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2134 496–2073 8012

Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry

Chief, James Ferretti, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3517 496–3341 8013

Laboratory of Cell Signaling

Chief, Sue Goo Rhee, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3523 594–7225 8015

Cell Biology and Physiology Center

Chief, Edward D. Korn, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2523 496–1616 8017

Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics

Chief, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 B1D416 496–3658 1061

Laboratory of Cell Biology

Chief, Edward D. Korn, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2523 496–1616 8017

Laboratory of Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism

Chief, Mark A. Knepper, M.D., Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6N260 496–3187 1603

Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology

Chief, Robert S. Adelstein, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8N202 496–1865 1762

Genetics and Development Biology Center

Chief, Cecilia Lo, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4537 451–8041 8019

Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics

Chief, Marshall Nirenberg, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N315 496–5208 4036

Laboratory of Developmental Biology

Chief, Cecilia Lo, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4537 451–8041 8019

Immunology Center

Chief, Warren Leonard, M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N252 496–0098 1674

Laboratory of Molecular Immunology

Chief, Warren Leonard, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N252 496–0098 1674

Division of Intramural Research (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
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Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

8

NIH Mailing Address Formats

NHLBI staff e-mail addresses can be found by using the NIH Directory and E-mail Forwarding Service located on 

the Internet at http://directory.nih.gov.

Please use the following formats for NIH mailing addresses:

Building 10 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 10, Room ____

10 Center Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Building 14E Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 14E, Room ____

14 Service Road South MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Building 31 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 31, Room ____

31 Center Drive MSC*____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Building 50 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 50, Room ____

50 South Drive MSC*

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Rockledge II

Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Two Rockledge Center, Room ____

6701 Rockledge Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20817–MSC†

Rockledge I

Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

One Rockledge Center, Room ____

6705 Rockledge Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20817–MSC†

* Retain the letters MSC before adding the mail stop code number.

† Replace the letters MSC with the mail stop code number.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

9

The National Heart Institute (NHI) was established 

in 1948 through the National Heart Act with a mission to support research and training in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular 

diseases (CVD). Twenty-four years later, through 

section 413 of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, 

Lung, and Blood Act (P.L. 92–423), Congress mandated the Institute to expand and coordinate its activities in an accelerated attack against heart, blood 

vessel, lung, and blood diseases. The renamed 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) 

expanded its scientific areas of interest and intensified its efforts related to research on diseases within 

its purview. Over the years, these areas of interest 

have grown to encompass genetic research, sleep disorders, and the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI).

The mission of the NHLBI is to provide leadership 

for a national program in diseases of the heart, blood 

vessels, lung, and blood; sleep disorders; and blood 

resources management. The Institute:

• Plans, conducts, fosters, and supports an 

integrated and coordinated program of basic 

research, clinical investigations and trials, 

observational studies, and demonstration and 

education projects related to the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of heart, 

blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases, and 

sleep disorders conducted in its own laboratories and by other scientific institutions and 

individuals supported by research grants and 

contracts.

• Plans and directs research in development and 

evaluation of interventions and devices related 

to the prevention of diseases and the treatment 

and rehabilitation of patients suffering from 

such diseases and disorders.

• Conducts research on the clinical use of blood 

and all aspects of the management of blood 

resources.

• Supports career training and development of 

new and established researchers in fundamental sciences and clinical disciplines to enable 

them to conduct basic and clinical research 

related to heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood 

diseases; sleep disorders; and blood resources 

through individual and institutional research 

training awards and career development 

awards.

• Coordinates relevant activities with other 

research institutes and all Federal health 

programs in the above areas, including the 

causes of stroke.

• Conducts educational activities, including 

development and dissemination of materials 

for health professionals and the public in the 

above areas, with emphasis on prevention.

• Maintains continuing relationships with 

institutions and professional associations, and 

with international, national, state, and local 

officials, as well as voluntary agencies and 

organizations working in the above areas.

• Oversees management of the WHI.

Each year, the NHLBI assesses progress in the scientific areas for which it is responsible and updates 

its goals and objectives. As new opportunities are 

identified, the Institute expands and revises its areas 

of interest. Throughout the process, the approach 

used by the Institute is an orderly sequence of 

research activities that includes:

• Acquisition of knowledge

• Evaluation of knowledge

• Application of knowledge

• Dissemination of knowledge.

The programs of the NHLBI, as shown on page 10, 

are implemented through five extramural units: the 

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases (DHVD), 

the Division of Lung Diseases (DLD), the Division 

of Blood Diseases and Resources (DBDR), the Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications 

(DECA), and the National Center on Sleep Disorders 

Research (NCSDR); and one intramural unit, the 

Division of Intramural Research (DIR). Although 

the NHLBI has primary responsibility for the WHI, it 

2. Program Overview
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

10

is run by a consortium that includes the National Cancer 

Institute (NCI), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), 

and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). The Divisions 

and the Center pursue their own scientific missions but 

cooperate in areas of common interest. The extramural 

Divisions and the NCSDR use a variety of funding 

mechanisms, such as research grants, cooperative agreements, program project grants, Small Business Innovation Research grants, Small Business Technology 

Transfer grants, Specialized Centers of Research 

(SCOR) and Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented 

Research (SCCOR) grants, comprehensive center grants, 

contracts, and research training and career development 

programs. Descriptions of the Division and Center programs, as well as the WHI, follow.

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Heart Research

Heart Development

Cardiac Function and Heart Failure

Ischemic Heart Disease

Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac 

Death

Vascular Biology Research

Atherosclerosis

Hypertension

Biology and Pathophysiology of 

Blood Vessels

Gene Therapy for Prevention and 

Treatment of Vascular Diseases

Clinical and Molecular Medicine

Cardiovascular Medicine

Bioengineering/Systems

Genomic and Proteomic 

Applications

Imaging/Nanotechnology

Bioinformatics

Lung Diseases 

Airway Biology and Disease 

Asthma 

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary 

Disease (COPD) and 

Environmental Lung Diseases

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) 

Neurobiology and Sleep

Lung Biology and Disease 

Lung Cell and Vascular Biology

Developmental Biology and 

Pediatric Lung Disease 

Critical Care and Acute Lung Injury

Acquired Immunodeficiency 

Syndrome (AIDS) and 

Tuberculosis (TB)

Immunology and Fibrosis 

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood Diseases

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)

Thalassemia

Erythropoiesis

Red Cells

Thrombosis and Hemostasis

Hemophilia and Other Bleeding 

Disorders

Hematologic Immune Disorders

Blood Resources 

Transfusion Medicine

Use, Safety, and Availability of 

Blood and Blood Components

Stem Cell Biology

Myelodysplasia, Marrow Failure, 

and Myeloproliferative Disorders

Hematopoietic Stem Cell 

Transplantation

Novel Cellular Therapies for Repair 

and Regeneration

Immune Deficiencies, 

Reconstitution, Response, and 

Tolerance

Epidemiology and Clinical 

Applications

Clinical Applications and 

Prevention 

Clinical Prevention and Translation 

Clinical Trials 

Behavioral Medicine and Prevention

Epidemiology and Biometry 

Field Studies and Clinical 

Epidemiology 

Analytical Resources 

Genetic Epidemiology

National Center on Sleep 

Disorders Research

Sleep 

Sleep Disorders and Related 

Conditions

Women’s Health Initiative

Intramural Research

Clinical Research Program

Cardiovascular

Hematology 

Molecular Disease 

Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine

Animal Medicine and Surgery 

Laboratory Research Program

Biochemical Genetics

Biochemistry

Biophysical Chemistry

Cardiac Energetics

Cell Biology

Cell Signaling

Developmental Biology

Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism

Molecular Cardiology

Molecular Immunology

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases and Blood Resources Program
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

11

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases

The DHVD plans and directs a coordinated research 

program on the causes of heart and vascular diseases and 

on their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Fundamental biomedical research, including cutting-edge areas 

such as genomics, proteomics, nanotechnology, cellbased therapeutics, and gene therapy, is emphasized. 

Multidisciplinary programs are supported to advance 

basic knowledge of disease and to generate the most 

effective methods of clinical management and prevention. Clinical trials are an important part of the research 

program; they provide an opportunity to test and apply 

promising preventive or therapeutic measures.

The Division is organized into three major research 

programs:

• Heart Research Program

• Vascular Research Program

• Clinical and Molecular Medicine Program

and the Research Training and Special Programs Scientific Research Group (SRG).

Heart Research Program

The Heart Research Program supports basic and clinical research in cardiac diseases, from embryonic life 

through adulthood. Targeted areas include heart development, cardiac disorders, inflammation and infectious 

disorders of the heart, heart transplantation, and myocardial preservation. Individual studies focus on normal 

and abnormal cardiac development, diabetic cardiomyopathy, gene–nutrient interactions in the pathogenesis of 

congenital heart defects, pathogenesis of heart failure, 

electrical remodeling, and various aspects of HIV infection as it relates to the heart. SCORs support collaborative studies in ischemic heart disease, sudden cardiac 

death, heart failure, pediatric CVD and ischemic heart 

disease in blacks. The Program comprises the two SRGs 

described below.

Heart Development, Function, and Failure SRG

The Heart Development, Function, and Failure SRG 

oversees a research program in heart development, cardiac function, and heart failure. It includes basic studies 

examining normal functional and structural development 

of the heart and major blood vessels, as well as the 

genetic, molecular, environmental, and mechanical etiology of congenital cardiovascular malformations. Clinical research networks are used to evaluate new treatment 

methods and management strategies for congenital malformations and acquired pediatric heart disease. 

Research on cardiac function and failure focuses on 

fundamental mechanisms associated with the structure, 

function, mechanics, and bioenergetics of normal and 

diseased myocardium; the role of contractile proteins in 

the cardiovascular system; and causes of cardiac hypertrophy and the subsequent transition from hypertrophy to 

heart failure. Individual projects include molecular, cellular, and physiological studies of diabetic cardiomyopathy; pathogenesis of heart failure, with emphasis on 

apoptosis (programmed cell death), myocyte division 

and growth, and cell transplantation; and studies to identify modifiers of gene defects leading to hypertrophic 

cardiomyopathy and heart failure.

Arrhythmias, Ischemia, and Sudden Cardiac Death 

SRG

The Arrhythmias, Ischemia, and Sudden Cardiac 

Death SRG oversees a research program on cardiac 

arrhythmias that focuses on elucidating the mechanisms 

involved in control of cardiac electrical activity; determining the contribution of cardiac membrane biophysics, 

membrane structure and organization, ion pumps and 

channels, and transport and gap junction proteins to electrogenesis; and understanding the long-term control of 

cardiovascular function as it relates to the onset or 

maintenance of arrhythmias. Investigators are seeking 

knowledge that will lead to the development of new 

approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 

arrhythmias.

The SRG also oversees a research program on the etiology and pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease and 

its consequences and control and treatment of cardiac 

electrical activity, rhythm, and rate, especially as they 

relate to sudden cardiac death. Researchers are seeking 

ways to improve the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial ischemia. Special attention is directed toward 

understanding the pathophysiology of ischemic heart 

disease in blacks, a population that is disproportionately 

affected by the disorder.

Vascular Biology Research Program

The Vascular Biology Research Program supports 

research in atherosclerosis, hypertension, basic vascular 

biology, and gene therapy for prevention and treatment 

of vascular diseases. Other targeted areas focus on the 

etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of excess CVD in 

diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular complications of 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

12

HIV/AIDS. SCORs support collaborative studies on 

molecular medicine and atherosclerosis, molecular 

genetics of hypertension, and basic and clinical gene 

therapy. The Program comprises the two SRGs 

described below.

Atherosclerosis SRG

The Atherosclerosis SRG oversees a comprehensive 

research program on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of atherosclerosis. Areas 

of emphasis include pathobiology and genetics of the 

vasculature; vascular growth and angiogenesis; interactions of the vascular wall with systemic and humoral 

factors promoting atherogenesis; and lesion progression, 

complication, and regression. Individual studies focus 

on characterization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, 

pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms, role of 

homocysteinemia in atherosclerosis, mechanisms of 

atherosclerosis in various vascular beds, and research 

on atherosclerotic lesions. Additional projects target 

pathobiological determinants of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus, vessel-wall 

calcification, the role of infectious agents in atherosclerosis, immunobiology of the vessel wall, obesityassociated CVD, exercise physiology, peripheral artery 

disease (PAD), and effect of protease inhibitors on atherosclerosis development in HIV infection. Of special 

interest is understanding atherosclerosis risk among 

minorities.

Hypertension SRG

The Hypertension SRG directs a research program to 

identify and characterize genes and their corresponding 

phenotypes involved with hypertension; elucidate regulation mechanisms associated with blood pressure control; clarify functional control of the cerebrovasculature; 

and identify causative factors of essential hypertension 

and rare forms of high blood pressure. It also seeks to 

determine the mechanisms by which high blood pressure 

increases the risk of, or occurs concomitantly with, other 

diseases such as kidney failure, stroke, metabolic syndrome X, obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, 

preeclampsia, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Further, 

it fosters studies to develop preventive strategies and 

interventions for hypertension, understand the biological 

underpinnings of salt sensitivity and the basis of targetorgan damage in hypertension, and identify neurological 

mechanisms responsible for long-term control of blood 

pressure and functional neurological changes that result 

in essential hypertension. Attention is directed to eliminating health disparities among minorities and between 

men and women. 

Clinical and Molecular Medicine Program

The Clinical and Molecular Medicine Program supports clinical, basic, engineering, and quantitative 

research on CVD and health. Areas of interest include 

genetics, genomics, and proteomics; engineering theory 

and practice applied to cardiovascular biology and medicine; informatics and simulation; computational systems; 

and cohort, case-control, and randomized clinical trials. 

Individual projects focus on heart failure, revascularization, the implantable artificial heart, and understanding 

minority and women’s health. The program comprises 

the two SRGs described below.

Cardiovascular Medicine SRG

The Cardiovascular Medicine SRG directs a research 

program on CVD in adult and pediatric patients. It 

examines the role of lipid interventions, nutrition, and 

exercise in preventing heart disease. Areas of emphasis 

include development of treatments or new applications 

of existing medical and surgical strategies for acute and 

chronic ischemic heart disease; dietary and medical management of dyslipidemia; quantitative measurement of 

atherosclerosis; diagnosis and management of arrhythmias; resuscitation; cardiomyopathies of different etiologies (e.g., ischemic, valvular, metabolic, HIV-related, 

other infectious); congenital malformations; peripheral 

vascular disease; restenosis after revascularization procedures; cardiovascular applications of radiotherapy; and 

cardiovascular dysfunction in long-term pediatric cancer 

survivors.

Bioengineering and Genomic Applications SRG

The Bioengineering and Genomic Applications SRG 

directs an interdisciplinary research program that applies 

engineering theory and practice to increase knowledge at 

the genetic, molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ level 

and examines materials, processes, and devices for the 

cardiovascular system. Individual projects focus on 

innovative ventricular assist systems, implantable total 

artificial hearts, genetically enhanced cardiovascular 

implants, nanotechnology, magnetic resonance angiography, physical stress and strain, micromechanics, selfassembly, mathematical models, simulation and systems, 

imaging, biomaterials, tissue engineering, and therapeutic devices.
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

13

Division of Lung Diseases

The DLD plans and directs a coordinated research 

program on the causes and progression of lung diseases 

and on their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Areas 

of interest include the biology and function of the respiratory system, fundamental mechanisms associated with 

specific pulmonary disorders, and development of new 

treatment strategies for patients. SCORs support collaborative studies on asthma, CF, the pathobiology of lung 

development, and the pathobiology of fibrotic lung disease; a SCCOR supports collaborative studies on acute 

lung injury. Demonstration and education projects to 

transfer basic research and clinical findings to health 

care professionals and patients, as well as training and 

career development programs for individuals interested 

in furthering their professional abilities in lung diseases 

research, also are important activities. 

The Division is organized into two major research programs:

• Airway Biology and Disease Program

• Lung Biology and Disease Program.

Airway Biology and Disease Program

The Airway Biology and Disease Program supports 

basic and clinical research, education, and training 

related to asthma, COPD, CF, control of breathing, bronchiolitis, respiratory neurobiology, sleep, and other adult 

airway diseases. It comprises the four research SRGs 

described below and a Training and Special Programs 

SRG, which manages training and career development in 

lung diseases research for individuals at all stages of 

their professional development.

Asthma SRG

The Asthma SRG oversees a broad research program 

in asthma. Basic research focuses on elucidating the 

etiology and pathophysiology of the disease. Studies 

include elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with development, exacerbation, and 

persistence of asthma and the impact of the environment 

on these mechanisms; identifying susceptibility genes 

that influence development, progression, outcome, and 

response to treatment in different racial groups; determining the differences between the pathophysiology of 

severe asthma and mild-to-moderate asthma; and investigating the role of the immune system, its function in 

early life, and its influence on asthma development. 

Clinical research focuses on improving asthma management and reducing health disparities in asthma that 

exist between whites and other ethnic groups, as well as 

economically disadvantaged populations. Two asthma 

networks have been established to assess new treatment 

strategies and ensure rapid dissemination of research 

findings to health care professionals. The Division has 

established cooperative partnerships between minorityserving institutions and research-intensive institutions to 

examine factors that contribute to health disparities and 

to develop strategies for their elimination. The purpose 

of the partnerships is to conduct collaborative research 

on asthma disparities and provide reciprocal training 

experiences to enhance research opportunities and capabilities and enrich the cultural sensitivity at both institutions. 

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Environment 

SRG

The COPD/Environment SRG oversees research on 

the underlying causes of COPD and improving disease 

treatment and management. Studies include examining 

the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of COPD; 

searching for genes that may make some individuals 

more susceptible to the development of the disorder; 

identifying and characterizing biomarkers of COPD 

presence, severity, and exacerbation; evaluating treatment strategies (i.e., lung volume reduction surgery, 

long-term smoking cessation intervention, and retinoic 

acid therapy); and applying gene therapy to correct the 

defective gene or to introduce the functional gene for 

alpha-1 antitrypsin in deficient individuals with familial 

emphysema.

A Clinical Research Network has been established to 

conduct clinical trials of promising therapies for COPD 

that may reduce the frequency and severity of disease 

exacerbation. Additionally, a program was initiated to 

provide researchers with lung tissue specimens that were 

removed for medical reasons and are not needed for 

diagnostic purposes.

Cystic Fibrosis SRG

The CF SRG oversees basic and clinical research 

related to the origins and control of infections and 

inflammatory and immune responses in the lungs of CF 

patients, loss of CF transmembrane conductance regulation on development of CF, effects of other genes on its 

manifestation, and genetic and metabolic defects underlying pulmonary complications associated with CF. 

Developing new genetic, pharmacologic, and nonphar-
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macologic (e.g., gene transfer) treatments also is an area 

of emphasis.

Sleep and Neurobiology SRG

The Sleep and Neurobiology SRG oversees sleep 

research on the neurobiology, health consequences, and 

treatment of sleep disorders, sleep disordered breathing, 

and ventilatory control.

Lung Biology and Disease Program

The Lung Biology and Disease Program supports 

research, education, and training programs in lung cell 

and vascular biology; developmental biology and pediatric lung diseases; acute lung injury and critical care medicine; interstitial lung diseases, including pulmonary 

fibrosis; and AIDS and TB. It comprises the five 

research SRGs described below and a Training and Special Programs SRG that manages training and career 

development in lung diseases research for individuals at 

all stages of their professional development.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/Tuberculosis 

SRG

The AIDS/TB SRG oversees a research program that 

investigates the basic pathogenetic mechanisms involved 

in HIV-related lung disorders and develops animal and 

mathematical models to gain information that may lead 

to new treatment strategies. Many of the studies employ 

genetic, molecular, and cellular approaches. Additional 

areas of interest include cardiopulmonary complications 

of HIV infection in infants, children, and adults; pathobiology of TB and Pneumocystis carinii and basic cell 

biology of pulmonary manifestation of AIDS; lungspecific drug delivery systems for enhanced TB treatment; behavioral interventions for control of TB; and 

educational programs to improve training in TB.

Acute Lung Injury/Critical Care SRG

The Acute Lung Injury/Critical Care SRG oversees 

research on the etiology and molecular and cellular 

pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome 

(ARDS). It supports an ARDS clinical network to 

evaluate therapeutic strategies such as pulmonary artery 

catheterization, fluid management, and use of antiinflammatory agents, including corticosteroids, in 

patients with the disorder and those at risk. Studies to 

improve the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of critically ill patients with lung injury also are supported.

 Developmental Biology and Pediatrics SRG

The Developmental Biology and Pediatrics SRG oversees research on normal lung development and on factors 

that may contribute to its abnormal development such as 

prenatal and postnatal infections and reactive inflammation. Additional areas of emphasis include understanding the regulation of lung alveoli development in order to 

design new treatments for lung diseases, creating a 

molecular profile of bronchopulmonary dysplasia to 

advance understanding of the condition and lead to 

effective clinical intervention, evaluating the safety and 

efficacy of nitric oxide in preventing and treating chronic 

lung disease in newborn infants, and evaluating the efficacy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure compared with conventional ventilation, with and without 

surfactant, in the management of premature newborns. 

Issues at the core of lung developmental biology also are 

relevant to therapeutic interventions using cell-based 

therapies.

Immunology/Fibrosis SRG

The Immunology/Fibrosis SRG oversees research on 

interstitial lung diseases, such as sarcoidosis, idiopathic 

pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), which are characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the lung alveolar 

walls and surrounding tissue. Specific projects focus on 

elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of 

lung inflammation and fibrosis; identifying potential targets and agents for IPF therapy; identifying genetic factors that influence sarcoidosis in blacks and genes that 

increase susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis; translating 

basic research findings into clinical applications for 

LAM; and improving allograft function after lung transplantation. 

Lung Cell and Vascular Biology SRG

The Lung Cell and Vascular Biology SRG oversees 

research on the molecular and cellular biology of epithelial and endothelial cells of the alveoli and the lung surfactant system. Additional areas of interest encompass 

studies on regulation of the pulmonary vasculature, 

including cell growth and signaling; cellular and molecular mechanisms of primary pulmonary hypertension; 

identification of genes related to lung function; and 

development of new methods to deliver drugs via lung 

epithelial cells. 
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

15

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

The DBDR plans and directs a coordinated research 

program on the causes and prevention of blood diseases 

and disorders. Areas of interest encompass a broad 

spectrum of research from stem cell biology to medical 

management of blood diseases, with a focus on nonmalignant and premalignant processes. The Division 

also has a major responsibility to improve the adequacy 

and safety of the Nation’s blood supply. It has recently 

taken a leading role in developing cell-based therapies, 

combining the expertise of transfusion medicine and 

stem cell technology with the exploration of repair and 

regeneration of human tissues and biological systems.

The Division is organized into two major programs:

• Blood Diseases Program

• Blood Resources Program.

Blood Diseases Program

The Blood Diseases Program supports research and 

training in nonmalignant disorders, including anemias, 

SCD, and thalassemia; premalignant processes such as 

myelodysplasia and myeloproliferative disorders; hemophilia and other abnormalities of hemostasis and thrombosis; and immune dysfunction. It comprises the two 

SRGs described below and a Research Training Group 

that manages training and career development in blood 

diseases research for individuals at all stages of their 

professional development.

Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics SRG

The Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics SRG oversees 

a comprehensive program focusing on reducing morbidity and mortality caused by disorders of the hematopoietic system and preventing their occurrence. Diseases 

include SCD, thalassemia, Fanconi anemia, and Diamond Blackfan anemia. 

Research in SCD and thalassemia ranges from elucidating their etiology and pathophysiology to improving 

disease treatment and management. Areas of emphasis 

include genetics, regulation of hemoglobin synthesis, 

iron chelation, development of drugs to increase fetal 

hemoglobin production, and gene therapy. Developing 

animal models for preclinical studies is another area of 

interest. Clinical studies in SCD are investigating stroke 

prevention and the long-term effects of hydroxyurea 

therapy. A Phase III clinical trial is determining whether 

hydroxyurea is effective in preventing chronic end organ 

damage in children with SCD. 

The SRG oversees a program of Comprehensive 

Sickle Cell Centers, which collectively form a SCD clinical research network—and which individually conduct 

basic and clinical research—and provide state-of-the-art 

patient care, educational activities for patients and health 

professionals, community outreach, and genetic counseling services.

A thalassemia clinical network is evaluating new 

treatment strategies and ensuring that research findings 

on optimal management of the disease are rapidly disseminated to practitioners and health care professionals.

Thrombosis and Hemostasis SRG

The Thrombosis and Hemostasis SRG oversees a 

comprehensive program of basic research, clinical studies, and technology development in hemostasis, thrombosis, and endothelial cell biology, with a focus on 

understanding the pathogenesis of both arterial and 

venous thrombosis in order to improve the diagnosis, 

prevention, and treatment of thrombosis in heart attack, 

stroke, and peripheral vascular diseases. A major goal is 

to find additional platelet inhibitors, anticoagulants, and 

fibrinolytic agents that will improve specificity and 

reduce side effects when used in treatment of thrombotic 

and thromboembolic disorders. SCORs support collaborative studies on hemostatic and thrombotic disorders.

Finding an effective treatment for hemophilia is 

another priority. Bleeding disorders associated with 

defects in coagulation proteins or abnormal platelet function, such as the immune thrombocytopenias, also are 

being studied. Other emerging areas being supported are 

gene transfer, clinical proteomics, inflammation and 

thrombosis, coagulation activation, autoimmune disease, 

and thrombotic complications of obesity, diabetes, and 

cancer.

Blood Resources Program

Transfusion Medicine Cell Therapies SRG

The Blood Resources Program, through its Transfusion Medicine Cell Therapies SRG, plans and directs 

research and training in transfusion medicine, stem cell 

biology and disease, and clinical cellular medicine. 

Areas of interest in transfusion medicine include transmission of disease through transfusion, development of 

methods to detect and inactivate viruses in donated 
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

16

blood, improvement of blood donor screening procedures, and emerging diseases that may be transmitted by 

blood transfusions. Also supported are basic and clinical 

investigations related to transfusion immunobiology, 

focusing on graft versus host disease, graft versus leukemia effect, and dendritic cell therapies.

The SRG oversees research on hematopoiesis, stem 

cell biology and diseases, and cellular therapies. Determining the factors that cause stem cells to start and stop 

dividing, move throughout the body, and lodge in a specific place, and understanding the fundamentals of stem 

cell biology that will lead to cell-based therapies are 

areas of major focus.

The Program also supports two clinical research networks to promote efficient comparison of innovative 

treatment strategies—one for patients undergoing blood 

or marrow transplantation and the other for patients with 

hemostatic disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. SCORs 

support collaborative studies on hematopoietic stem cell 

biology and transfusion biology and medicine.

Division of Epidemiology and Clinical 

Applications

The DECA supports clinical research on the causes, 

prevention, and treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases. It oversees a broad array of epidemiological studies, including field studies, genetic epidemiology, and clinical epidemiology; clinical trials on 

prevention and treatment of disease, particularly chronic 

CVD; demonstration and education research; and basic 

and applied behavioral studies. Research often focuses 

on defined populations (e.g., minorities, occupational 

groups, school children, and health professionals) and 

community settings. For planning and evaluation purposes, the Division provides statistics on cardiovascular, 

lung, and blood diseases from national data and cohort 

studies. 

The Division is organized into two major research programs:

• Clinical Applications and Prevention Program

• Epidemiology and Biometry Program. 

and an Office of Biostatistics Research. Research training and career development opportunities are included 

within each program.

Clinical Applications and Prevention Program 

 The Clinical Applications and Prevention Program 

supports research on the effects of specific clinical and 

behavioral interventions for preventing and treating heart 

and vascular disease. Research includes efficacy studies 

to determine whether specific interventions improve disease outcomes under rigorously controlled and ideal circumstances, effectiveness studies to determine whether 

specific interventions result in positive outcomes in more 

applied settings, and translational studies that test interventions to improve the delivery of proven approaches in 

clinical or public health settings. The Program comprises the three SRGs described below.

Behavioral Medicine and Prevention SRG

The Behavioral Medicine and Prevention SRG oversees research that examines psychological, social, 

cultural, lifestyle, and other behavioral factors that influence disease etiology, pathophysiology, prevention, and 

treatment. Included are studies that investigate basic 

behavioral principles related to health; relationships 

between psychosocial and lifestyle factors and CVD 

risk; effects of psychosocial factors in prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation; efficacy and effectiveness of 

behavioral, psychosocial, or lifestyle interventions to 

reduce disease risk and to lower risk factors; effects of 

health-promotion interventions in community settings; 

and methods to disseminate effective lifestyle programs 

to communities. Key topics include stress, depression, 

social support, adherence, quality of life, diet, physical 

activity, and obesity. 

Clinical Trials SRG

The Clinical Trials SRG oversees multicenter, randomized trials to evaluate new therapies for CVD and to 

study disease mechanisms for future interventions. 

Areas of emphasis include heart failure, coronary artery 

disease, sudden cardiac death, and supraventricular 

arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation.

Clinical Prevention and Translation SRG

The Clinical Prevention and Translation SRG oversees 

research to determine the efficacy of interventions for 

CVD prevention, particularly those that would be 

delivered in outpatient clinical settings. Included are 

studies that examine pharmacologic treatments of known 

or suspected CVD risk factors for primary prevention 

and lifestyle interventions for primary and secondary 

prevention. Additional studies investigate effective 

methods for disseminating and implementing preventive 

or treatment interventions consistent with evidence-
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

17

based guidelines as an integral part of routine medical 

care.

Epidemiology and Biometry Program

The Epidemiology and Biometry Program supports 

research and research training in epidemiological studies 

of heart and vascular, lung, and blood diseases in defined 

populations. Research includes examining trends and 

population patterns in prevalence, incidence, morbidity 

and mortality from the diseases; risk factors for disease 

development and progression; genetic and environmental influences and their interactions in the development 

of subclinical and clinical heart, lung, and blood diseases; and design and analysis of long-term observational studies. The Program is organized into three 

SRGs and two Research Units.

Analytical Resources SRG

The Analytical Resources SRG conducts research on 

biometric and epidemiologic methods and their application to studies involving the incidence of and mortality 

from cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases. Using 

family, longitudinal, and demographic information and 

vital statistics, it studies the natural history, etiology, and 

epidemiology of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases. Other activities include providing the Program 

and the Institute with statistical and epidemiological consultation, including national trends in cardiovascular, 

lung, and blood diseases; advising the Program, the Institute, and outside investigators on design and analysis of 

large prospective epidemiological studies; and compiling, cataloging, maintaining, and distributing data sets 

and files from epidemiological studies.

Field Studies and Clinical Epidemiology SRG

The Field Studies and Clinical Epidemiology SRG 

conducts multicenter cohort studies on the development 

and progression of CVD and their risk factors in various 

segments of the U.S. population. It convenes working 

groups to determine critical new research areas, proposes 

epidemiological research with appropriate study designs, 

initiates epidemiological studies, manages large and 

complex field studies, evaluates study proficiency and 

productivity, and collaborates on scientific research. The 

SRG advises the Program and other Divisions on clinical 

epidemiology, measurements of subclinical CVD, and 

management of complex and large, field-based epidemiology studies.

Genetic Epidemiology SRG

The Genetic Epidemiology SRG conducts research 

studies on twins, sibiling pairs, and families to determine 

genetic and environmental contributors to heart, lung, 

and blood diseases and to characterize gene–gene and 

gene–environment interactions. It advises the Program, 

the Institute, and outside investigators on the design and 

analysis of epidemiological studies associated with 

genetically characterized individuals, and promotes the 

collection, storage, and maintenance of blood samples in 

existing studies to allow genotypic characterization of 

study cohort members for analyses in relation to phenotypic data.

Framingham Epidemiology Research Unit

The Framingham Epidemiology Research Unit 

(FERU) oversees research in cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases in the Framingham Cohort and Offspring 

Studies. FERU staff are involved in all aspects of protocol development; clinic operations; event review; 

research training; and development of research hypotheses, analyses, reports, and publications.

Jackson Epidemiology Research Unit

The Jackson Epidemiology Research Unit (JERU) 

oversees research in cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases in the Jackson Heart Study. JERU staff members 

are involved in all aspects of protocol development; 

clinic operations; event review; research training; and 

development of research hypotheses, analyses, reports, 

and publications.

Office of Biostatistics Research 

The Office of Biostatistics Research (OBR) provides 

statistical expertise to the Institute and performs diverse 

functions in planning, designing, implementing, and analyzing NHLBI-sponsored studies. It has primary responsibility for providing objective, statistically sound, and 

medically relevant solutions to problems arising in 

NHLBI-sponsored studies. The OBR is concerned with 

designing efficient studies and monitoring data from 

ongoing studies. 

The methodological interests of the OBR concern survival analysis, longitudinal data analysis, and efficient 

study designs, including monitoring ongoing clinical 

studies for efficacy and safety. Recently the OBR has 

made contributions to statistical genetics and has 

extended its expertise to bioinformatics.
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

18

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

The NCSDR plans, directs, and supports basic, clinical, and applied research, health education, training, and 

prevention research in sleep, chronobiology, and sleep 

disorders. It oversees developments in its program areas; 

assesses the national needs for research on causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sleep disorders and 

sleepiness; and coordinates sleep research activities 

across the Federal Government and with professional, 

voluntary, and private organizations. The Center promotes information sharing and coordinates implementation of interagency programs.

The NHLBI sleep research program seeks to understand the molecular, genetic, and physiological regulation of sleep and the relationship of sleep disorders to 

CVD. It also supports efforts to understand the relationships of sleep restriction and sleep-disordered breathing 

to the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, high blood 

pressure, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and vascular 

inflammation. Ongoing NHLBI-funded research 

projects include elucidating the etiology and pathogenesis of sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea; determining the role of sleep apnea in CVD and cerebrovascular 

disease; examining sleep and sleep disorders in children; 

and identifying new animal models of sleep disorders.

 In 2004, the NCSDR and other Federal and nonFederal cosponsors conducted the first national sleep 

conference entitled “Frontiers of Knowledge in Sleep 

and Sleep Disorders: Opportunities for Improving 

Health and Quality of Life” to focus on sleep and sleep 

disorders and to determine ways to disseminate relevant 

information at the community level to improve sleeprelated public health. A conference summary, the 

remarks of Dr. Richard Carmona, U.S. Surgeon General, 

and other information can be accessed via the NCSDR 

Web site at www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sleep. 

 Multidisciplinary research training programs in sleep 

biology and sleep disorders are being supported to 

ensure that highly trained scientists are available to 

address important gaps in the current biomedical and 

biological understanding of sleep, including those outlined in the 2003 National Sleep Disorders Research 

Plan. The Sleep Academic Award Program is designed 

to develop comprehensive curricula on sleep and sleep 

disorders for enhanced learning by medical students, residents, and practicing physicians, and other health care 

professionals. The Web site supported by the American 

Academy for Sleep Medicine (MedSleep) provides 

direct public access to more than 50 curriculum 

resources for basic science and clinical educators in the 

health sciences.

The NCSDR continues to work closely with the 

NHLBI Office of Prevention, Education, and Control 

(OPEC) on education pertaining to sleep problems and 

sleep disorders for physicians, other health care providers, and the general public. A video program, “Sleep 

Apnea: Is Your Patient at Risk,” was developed for clinicians and hospital staff as part of a continuing medical 

education series.

Reaching children and adolescents with messages 

about sleep and sleep disorders is a priority. Educational 

activities for 2003 included disseminating a new high 

school supplemental curriculum on the biology of sleep, 

preparing a manuscript on the etiology, consequences, 

recognition, and treatment of sleepiness in adolescents 

by the NCSDR Working Group on Sleepiness in Adolescents/Young Adults, and making additional refinements 

in the Garfield Star Sleeper Web site.

Women’s Health Initiative

The WHI, which was established by the NIH in 1991, 

was transferred to the NHLBI on October 1, 1997. Its 

mission is to address the most common causes of death, 

disability, and impaired quality of life in postmenopausal 

women. These include heart disease, breast and colorectal cancer, and osteoporosis.

The WHI is a 15-year project consisting of three major 

components: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial of 

promising but unproven approaches to prevention; an 

observational study to identify predictors of disease; and 

a study of community approaches to developing healthful behaviors. 

The clinical trial and the observational study enrolled 

more than 161,000 women aged 50 to 79, 18.5 percent of 

whom are minorities. More than 68,000 women were 

enrolled in one of three clinical trials for 8.5 years with 

the goal of assessing the preventive use of hormone therapy, diet modification, and calcium and vitamin D supplements.

Hormone Therapy: Investigate risks and benefits of 

combined estrogen (conjugated equine estrogen) and 

progestin (medroxyprogesterone acetate) on CHD, 
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

19

breast cancer, and osteoporosis risk in women with a 

uterus, and estrogen alone in women without a uterus. 

Dietary Modification: Determine whether a diet low 

in fat but high in fruits, vegetables, and grains can prevent breast and colorectal cancers and heart disease.

Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements: Determine 

whether two nutrients can prevent fractures and reduce 

the risk of colorectal cancer. 

Women who were ineligible or unwilling to participate 

in the clinical trial were encouraged to enroll in a concurrent long-term observational study that involves no specific intervention, but is tracking their medical history 

and health habits for 8.5 years. The study is looking for 

predictors and biological markers—including genetic 

markers—for disease. 

A key aim of the observation study is to assess the 

health effect of other forms of hormone therapy that are 

not studied in the clinical trials. Investigators will compare the data from the clinical trials with the data from 

the observational study to determine the benefits and 

risks of various forms of estrogen. 

Forty clinical centers have recruited postmenopausal 

women for the clinical trial and the observational study. 

Ten of the centers recruited primarily minority populations: blacks, Hispanics, Asian Americans, Pacific 

Islanders, and American Indians. 

Unlike the the clinical trial and observation study 

components, the Community Prevention Study component of the WHI focuses on community-based strategies 

to persuade women, especially those of different races, 

ethnic groups, and socioeconomic strata, to adopt healthful behaviors. Its goal is to conduct prevention research 

that translates into model intervention programs, which, 

in turn, can be widely disseminated to communities 

throughout the United States. Areas of emphasis include 

reduction of CVD, especially among black women; peer 

support among minority women; environmental factors 

and physical activity; osteoporosis prevention, education, and outreach; diabetes care in minority women; 

methods to enhance physical activity; and a survey of 

women’s attitudes regarding surgical menopause and 

hormone therapy.

On July 9, 2002, after an average of 5.6 years of 

follow-up, the NHLBI announced an early end to the 

estrogen plus progestin trial, which was scheduled to run 

until 2005, because the risks outweighed the benefits. 

Specifically, investigators discovered increased risks of 

invasive breast cancer, heart attacks, strokes, and blood 

clots in study participants on combined hormone therapy 

of conjugated equine estrogen and medroxyprogesterone 

compared with women taking placebo pills. They also 

found decreases in hip fractures and colon cancer in the 

treatment group compared with the control group. 

Although the actual increased risk of breast cancer or 

CVD for women on long-term estrogen plus progestin 

was small—less than one-tenth of 1 percent per year—

applied to the entire population of women over several 

years, its potential public health impact could be significant. 

In 2003, a memory substudy of the WHI found that 

older women taking combination hormone therapy had 

twice the rate of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, compared with women who did not take the medication. The study also found that the combined therapy 

did not protect against development of mild cognitive 

impairment, a form of cognitive decline less severe than 

dementia. 

The study of estrogen-alone hormone therapy among 

women who have had a hysterectomy was halted at the 

end of February 2004 because of safety issues. Investigators found that conjugated equine estrogen resulted in 

no reduction in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but 

increased the risk of stroke in postmenopausal women 

who had been followed an average of 6.8 years. The 

study, which was scheduled to run until March 2005, 

also found that estrogen-alone therapy significantly 

increased the risk of deep vein thrombosis, had no significant effect on the risk of breast or colorectal cancer, and 

reduced the risk of hip and other fractures.

The memory substudy of these women, aged 65 to 79 

at the beginning of the trial, showed that older women 

using estrogen-alone hormone therapy could be at a 

slightly greater risk of developing dementia, including 

Alzheimer’s disease, than women who do not use any 

menopausal hormone therapy. In addition, scientists 

found that estrogen alone did not prevent cognitive 

decline.

Division of Intramural Research

The NHLBI DIR conducts clinical research on normal 

and pathophysiologic functioning of the heart, lung, 

blood, and vascular systems, and basic research on nor-
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

20

mal and abnormal cellular behavior at the molecular 

level. In FY 2003, the Laboratory Research Program 

was modified to consolidate some of the research effort. 

Four Centers—the Genetics and Development Biology 

Center, the Cell Biology and Physiology Center, the Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, and the Immunology 

Center—were established, and all Sections were abolished. The new organizational structure of the Program 

can be found under Division of Intramural Research in 

Chapter 1, Directory of Personnel.

In FY 2004, the Cardiovascular Intervention Program 

was established within the Cardiovascular Branch of the 

Clinical Research Program.

Research foci of the DIR range from structural organic 

chemistry to cardiology. Major areas of interest include 

mechanisms of gene regulation, stem cell biology, gene 

transfer, and gene therapy; molecular basis of lipoprotein 

dysfunctions and atherogenic process; molecular basis of 

vascular diseases; molecular basis of diseases of alveolar 

structures of the lung and design of new therapeutic 

modalities; cellular and molecular events underlying 

ischemic heart disease and myocardial hypertrophy; 

biochemical events associated with aging and certain 

pathologic processes; molecular, structural, and developmental aspects of muscle and nonmuscle contractile systems; biochemistry and physiology of calcium channels; 

molecular and cellular processes for conversion of metabolic energy into useful work; molecular basis of transmembrane signaling and signal transduction pathways; 

pathophysiology of renal function at cellular and molecular levels; biochemistry of trace nutrients; enzyme 

kinetics, metabolic regulation, and protein chemistry; 

and cellular and molecular basis of toxicity induced by 

drugs and other foreign compounds.

Office of Prevention, Education, and Control

The Institute’s OPEC coordinates the translation and 

dissemination of research findings and scientific consensus to health professionals, patients, and the public, so 

that information can be adapted for and integrated into 

health care practice and individual health behavior. 

NHLBI health education programs and initiatives established through the OPEC address high blood pressure, 

high blood cholesterol, asthma, early warning signs of 

heart attack, obesity, sleep disorders, women’s heart 

health, PAD, and COPD. For reducing high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and obesity, two approaches 

are used: one focuses on individuals at high risk and the 

other on the general public. Special attention is given to 

minority populations that are disproportionately affected 

by disorders within the Institute’s mandate 

The four largest education programs have coordinating committees consisting of national medical, public 

health, and voluntary organizations and other Federal 

agencies. The committees help to plan, implement, and 

evaluate the Institute’s professional, patient, and public 

education programs.

The National High Blood Pressure Education Program 

(NHBPEP) was initiated in 1972 to reduce death and disability related to high blood pressure. It employs a comprehensive strategy to mobilize, educate, and coordinate 

groups concerned with hypertension prevention and 

control.

In 2004, the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children 

and Adolescents was released. It identifies hypertension 

and prehypertension as significant health issues in the 

young due to the marked increase in the prevalence of 

overweight children. The report recommends lifestyle 

changes, including weight management, physical activity, and dietary changes for children with high blood 

pressure and drug therapy if needed. 

The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) 

was initiated in 1985 to educate health professionals and 

the public about high blood cholesterol as a risk factor 

for CHD and about the benefits of lowering cholesterol 

levels to reduce illness and deaths from CHD. Its goal is 

to reduce the prevalence of elevated blood cholesterol in 

the United States, and thereby contribute to reducing 

CHD morbidity and mortality. 

An update to the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in 

Adults (ATP III) was published in 2004. Based on the 

findings of five major clinical trials of statin therapy conducted since the 2001 release of the ATP III Report, it 

offers physicians the option to consider more intensive 

treatment for people identified at high and moderately 

high risk for a heart attack.

The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) was initiated in 1989 to raise awareness 

of asthma as a serious, chronic disease; to promote more 

effective management of asthma through professional, 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

21

patient, and public education; and to provide up-to-date 

information on asthma care. The Program works with 

schools, health care professionals, and patients to 

improve asthma care, prevent disruptions of daily routine, limit hospitalizations, and reduce deaths caused by 

uncontrolled asthma. 

The NAEPP employs a number of outreach strategies. 

Major emphasis is placed on developing, disseminating, 

and implementing national guidelines on the diagnosis 

and management of asthma. In 2004, the NAEPP convened an Expert Panel to update the NHLBI clinical 

practice guidelines for asthma. The NAEPP also is 

developing a basic guide on asthma for patients and the 

public. 

 The National Heart Attack Alert Program (NHAAP) 

was initiated in June 1991 to reduce morbidity and mortality from heart attack, including out-of-hospital cardiac 

arrest, through education of health care providers (e.g., 

physicians, nurses, and emergency medical services personnel), patients, and the public about the importance of 

rapid identification and treatment of individuals with 

heart attack symptoms. In 1997, the Program’s scope 

was broadened to include early identification and treatment of individuals with unstable angina. 

In 2004, the NHAAP continued to promote the “Act in 

Time to Heart Attack Signs,” a campaign that creates 

national and local partnerships to urge physicians, in collaboration with allied health care providers, to educate 

their patients about heart attack risk, warning signs, and 

survival. Educational materials for the public and for 

health care providers are available from the NHLBI Web 

site.

The NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative (OEI) was 

launched in January 1991 to inform the public and health 

professionals about the health risks associated with overweight and obesity. Obesity is not only an independent 

risk factor for CVD, but also a contributor to high blood 

pressure and high blood cholesterol and is related to 

sleep apnea. 

The OEI employs a comprehensive strategy to mobilize, educate, and coordinate groups interested in preventing and treating overweight and obesity. One of the 

major OEI prevention activities is “Hearts N’ Parks,” a 

national community-based program located in 50 at-risk 

communities in 11 magnet center States. The program, 

conducted in collaboration with the National Recreation 

and Park Association, is designed to reduce the growing 

trend of obesity and risk of CHD in the United States by 

encouraging Americans of all ages to seek a healthy 

weight, follow a heart-healthy eating plan, and engage in 

regular physical activity while participating in local park 

and recreation department programs.

In 2004, the OEI convened a strategy development 

workshop for the NHLBI Healthy Weight Community 

Outreach Initiative to begin in FY 2005. The national 

public education outreach initiative will focus on reducing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. 

The NHLBI Women’s Heart Health Education Initiative was begun in 2001 to coordinate research and educational programs related to CVD in women. In 2002, it 

started The Heart Truth campaign to raise awareness of 

heart disease among women, 40 to 60 years old. A creative element of the campaign is The Red Dress Project, 

which uses the red dress as a symbol for women and 

heart disease awareness. In 2003 and 2004, the Institute 

promoted the symbol in partnership with top fashion 

designers who contributed to a collection of Heart Truth

red dresses.

In 2004, the NHLBI directed its attention to raising 

public awareness about PAD. Together with the newly 

formed PAD Coalition, it will initiate planning for a 3-

year public awareness campaign in FY 2005. The 

NHLBI also is continuing its collaboration with the Vascular Disease Foundation and other interested organizations to identify short- and long-term goals associated 

with raising awareness of PAD, educating health care 

providers and others about PAD, and addressing other 

vascular diseases. 

COPD is another new area of education emphasis for 

the NHLBI. In 2004, the Institute convened a strategy 

development workshop to identify awareness and educational activities related to COPD prevention, diagnosis, 

and treatment that can form the basis of an action plan 

over the next few years, beginning in FY 2005.

Educational activities associated with von Willebrand 

disease also were initiated in 2004. The NHLBI convened an expert panel to review current literature on the 

diagnosis and treatment of von Willebrand disease and to 

formulate clinical recommendations. The Institute will 

disseminate the panel’s report to relevant health care providers.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

22

The OPEC also is responsible for coordinating the 

Institute’s nutrition program. The NHLBI Nutrition 

Coordinator serves as a major source of nutrition policy 

and nutrition science knowledge and advises the NHLBI 

Director on nutrition program policies and priorities. 

The Coordinator also is the Institute’s representative to 

other relevant components of the NIH, the Department of 

Health and Human Services (DHHS), and the Federal 

Government on nutrition research and policy. Major 

activities in 2004 include contributing to the revision of 

the Dietary Guidelines for Americans to be released 

jointly with the DHHS and the USDA in 2005, joining in 

the DHHS/USDA dialogue on revising the Food Guide 

Pyramid, and working with the FDA on changes to consumer education efforts around food labels. 

 The Institute convened a think tank to develop 

research recommendations on addressing obesity and its 

effects on chronic diseases. The Think Tank on Enhancing Obesity Research at the National Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Institute was published in 2004. Its recommendations will serve as a guide to the NIH Obesity Research 

Task Force and the Institute as they develop a strategic 

plan for enhancing obesity research. 

As a key part of its response to the Healthy People 

2010 Objectives for the Nation, the NHLBI initiated a 

new funding mechanism in 2001 to establish CVD educational outreach programs in high-risk communities. 

The program—Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization 

Centers (EDUCs)—is a partnership between the NHLBI 

and local communities to eliminate cardiovascular health 

disparities and improve the health of underserved populations. Since its inception, two sets of six EDUCs have 

been awarded that served more than 30 communities in 

10 States. In 2004, the first set of EDUCs were completed; the findings and insights from the first and second sets will be used to develop a framework for the next 

EDUC solicitation.

One EDUC, the Baltimore City Cardiovascular Health 

Partnership, was started in 2003 to eliminate health disparities and improve the cardiovascular health of public 

housing residents. Several public housing residents have 

been trained as community health workers to spread 

heart health information throughout the public housing 

community. Encouraging preliminary results from the 

Partnership have led the Institute to consider developing 

chronic disease prevention and health promotion activities in public housing nationally. In 2004, the NHLBI 

convened a planning workshop, the Education Strategy 

Development Workshop—Public Health in Public Housing: Improving Health, Changing Lives, to share lessons 

learned from working in the Baltimore public housing 

community and hear from experts in relevant fields 

regarding opportunities and needs for addressing chronic 

diseases in public housing nationally.

The Institute’s “Salud para su Corazón” (Health for 

Your Heart) Initiative, a community-based heart health 

program for Latinos, has expanded across the United 

States to include communities along the Texas/Mexico 

border and along the southern border areas of California 

and New Mexico. Trained local lay health workers (promotores), applying the values and culture of the communities and mobilizing partners, teach people how to 

reduce their risk of developing CVD. As advocates for 

change, they have increased the number of Latinos in 

their communities who are engaging in heart healthy 

behaviors. 

The NHLBI and the Indian Health Service (IHS) have 

worked together since 2000 to bring heart health to 

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. Initial steps were focused on identifying the unique 

needs and issues that affect tribal communities. The 

NHLBI developed a training manual, Honoring the Gift 

of Heart Health, for community instructors to enable 

them to provide a culturally appropriate 10-session 

course on heart health. In 2003, a national training 

workshop was held for key tribal leaders and health practitioners in AI/AN communities across the United States. 

As a result, trainers will be available to conduct future 

training sessions. In 2004, a regional skills-building 

training workshop was conducted to build local tribal 

capacity and to extend the reach to include other nearby 

tribes.

The NHLBI’s Asian American and Pacific Islander 

(AAPI) Cardiovascular Health Outreach effort focuses 

on four underserved groups with high levels of CVD risk 

factors such as high blood pressure, obesity, and physical 

inactivity. Individuals of Philippine, Vietnamese, 

Cambodian, and Native Hawaiian heritage comprise 

the targeted audience. To date, cardiovascular health 

educational materials have been developed for those of 

Filipino and Vietnamese heritage. A school-based intergenerational cardiovascular health education curriculum 

to be used to educate Native Hawaiian elementary school 

children is under way.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

23

International Activities

The Institute is a world leader in research and policy 

development in heart, lung, and blood diseases, sleep 

disorders, and blood resources. Through its international 

programs, the NHLBI contributes to and benefits from 

the rapidly developing global knowledge base in medicine, science, and technology related to its mission. The 

Director and senior NHLBI staff serve as consultants to 

and partners with the Pan American Health Organization 

(PAHO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). 

The Institute’s international activities are conducted 

through multiple mechanisms, including government-togovernment and institute-to-institute agreements; joint 

research projects; joint symposia and workshops; and 

joint documents, publications, grants, contracts, and fellowships. In addition, the Institute is providing training 

in its laboratories to international research fellows from 

approximately 30 countries. Canada, India, Italy, Japan, 

Korea, Poland, Russia, and Vietnam are among the countries that maintain a collaborative working relationship 

with the NHLBI. The partnerships extend the benefits of 

the Institute’s prevention and treatment programs to 

other countries.

 The NHLBI contributes to worldwide health plans by 

working through international organizations in areas 

within its mandate. In recognition of its leadership and 

contributions to global and international health, the 

NHLBI was redesignated as a WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in 2004. 

At the regional level, the NHLBI is addressing the 

pandemic of CVD in North, Central, and South America 

and the Caribbean through support of the Pan American 

Hypertension Initiative (PAHI), a public/private partnership initiated by the NHLBI and the PAHO in collaboration with seven international scientific organizations—

the World Heart Federation, the Inter-American Heart 

Foundation, the Inter-American Society of Cardiology, 

the Inter-American Society of Hypertension, the Pan 

American Network of CARMEN Programs, the Latin 

American Society of Nephrology and Hypertension, and 

the World Hypertension League (WHL). The initiative 

seeks to reduce morbidity and mortality from CVD by 

controlling hypertension, a major risk factor for the disease, in an estimated 160 million people who already 

have the condition and by preventing it in millions more 

at risk because of their unhealthy lifestyles. In 2003, the 

Institute and PAHO began a 5-year collaboration in CVD 

prevention and control based on PAHI and the Institute’s 

“Salud para su Corazón” Initiative. 

The NHLBI and the Institute of Circulatory and Respiratory Health, Canadian Institutes of Health Research 

(CIHR), continue their collaborative effort in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and blood diseases research that began 

in 2003. Three joint programs were implemented in the 

following areas:

• Clinical Research Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcomes

• Cellular and Molecular Imaging of the 

Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Hematopoietic 

Systems

• Inflammation and Thrombosis.

The NHLBI supports a substantial effort to encourage 

collaboration and new research endeavors for rare diseases. In the area of blood diseases, the Institute supports a collaborative effort with Ghana to compare the 

differences in epidemiology and etiology of infections in 

SCD in Africa with that in the United States. It supports 

clinical studies in the Cooley’s anemia in the United 

Kingdom and has initiated research into the genetics and 

basic mechanisms of Diamond-Blackfan anemia and 

other rare inherited bone marrow failure syndromes with 

Australia, Canada, and Sweden.

In 2004, a working group of national and international 

experts in Transfusion Medicine met to develop the 

NHLBI Strategic Plan on Global Blood Safety. Their 

task was to identify research areas that would lead to the 

strengthening of national blood programs and transfusion services in developing countries. Additionally, the 

working group was requested to provide recommendations to the NHLBI on effective interventions to prevent 

transmission of HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne infections through blood products.

Understanding malarial anemia is a primary concern 

in many parts of the world, especially in sub-Sahara 

Africa, where severe anemia is one of the deadliest 

complications in children infected with malaria. The 

Institute is supporting research in Kenya to identify the 

pathogenesis of severe malarial anemia in children who 

live in an area that is endemic for malaria.

All of these activities strengthen the Institute’s international partnerships and coalitions and extend the benefits of the Institute’s national prevention and treatment 

programs to other countries.

NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

25

June 16, 1948. President Harry S Truman signs 

the National Heart Act, creating the NHI in the Public Health Service (PHS), with the National Advisory Heart Council as its advisory body.

July 7, 1948. Dr. Paul Dudley White is selected 

to be “Executive Director of the National Advisory 

Heart Council and Chief Medical Advisor to the 

National Heart Institute” under section 4b of the 

National Heart Act.

August 1, 1948. The NHI is established as one 

of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) by Surgeon General Leonard A. Scheele. As legislated in 

the National Heart Act, the NHI assumes responsibility for heart research, training, and administration. 

Intramural research projects in CVD and gerontology conducted elsewhere in the NIH are transferred 

to the NHI. The Director of the NHI assumes all 

leadership for the total PHS heart program. Dr. Cassius J. Van Slyke is appointed as the first Director of 

the NHI.

August 29, 1948. Surgeon General Scheele 

announces the membership of the first National 

Advisory Heart Council. Varying terms of membership for the 16-member Council commence September 1.

September 8, 1948. The National Advisory 

Heart Council holds its first meeting.

January 1949. Cooperative Research Units are 

established at four institutions: the University of 

California, the University of Minnesota, Tulane 

University, and Massachusetts General Hospital. 

Pending completion of the NHI's own research 

organization and facilities, the Units are jointly 

financed by the NIH and the institutions.

July 1, 1949. The NHI Intramural Research Program is established and organized on three general 

research levels consisting of three laboratory sections, five laboratory-clinical sections, and four 

clinical sections. The Heart Disease Epidemiology 

Study at Framingham, Massachusetts, is transferred 

from the Bureau of State Services, PHS, to the NHI.

January 18–20, 1950. The NHI and the American Heart Association jointly sponsor the first 

National Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases to 

summarize current knowledge and to make recommendations concerning further progress against 

heart and blood vessel diseases.

December 1, 1952. Dr. James Watt is appointed 

Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Van Slyke, who 

is appointed Associate Director of the NIH.

July 6, 1953. The Clinical Center admits its first 

patient for heart disease research.

July 1, 1957. The first members of the NHI 

Board of Scientific Counselors begin their terms. 

The Board was established in 1956 “to provide 

advice on matters of general policy, particularly 

from a long-range viewpoint, as they relate to the 

intramural research program.”

February 19, 1959. The American Heart 

Association and the NHI present a report to the 

Nation—A Decade of Progress Against 

Cardiovascular Disease.

April 21, 1961. The President’s Conference on 

Heart Disease and Cancer, whose participants on 

March 15 were requested by President John F. 

Kennedy to assist “in charting the Government’s 

further role in a national attack on these diseases,” 

convenes at the White House and submits its report.

September 11, 1961. Dr. Ralph E. Knutti is 

appointed Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Watt, 

who becomes head of international activities for the 

PHS.

December 30, 1963. February is designated as 

“American Heart Month” by a unanimous joint resolution of Congress with approval from President 

Lyndon B. Johnson.

November 22–24, 1964. The Second National 

Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases, cosponsored by the American Heart Association, the NHI, 

and the Heart Disease Control Program of the PHS, 

is held to evaluate progress since the 1950 Conference and to assess needs and goals for continued and 

accelerated growth against heart and blood vessel 

diseases.

December 9, 1964. The President’s Commission 

on Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke, appointed by 

President Johnson on March 7, 1964, submits its 

report to “recommend steps that can be taken to 

reduce the burden and incidence of these diseases.”

3. Important Events
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

26

August 1, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart assumes the 

Directorship of the NHI upon Dr. Knutti’s retirement.

September 24, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart, NHI 

Director, is named Surgeon General of the PHS.

October 6, 1965. In FY 1966 Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 89–199) allocates funds to implement 

the recommendations of the President's Commission on 

Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke that are within existing legislative authorities. The NHI is given $5.05 million for new clinical training programs, additional 

graduate training grants, cardiovascular clinical research 

centers on cerebrovascular disease and thrombotic and 

hemorrhagic disorders, and planning grants for future 

specialized cardiovascular centers.

March 8, 1966. Dr. Robert P. Grant succeeds 

Dr. Stewart as Director of the NHI. Dr. Grant serves 

until his death on August 15, 1966.

November 6, 1966. Dr. Donald S. Fredrickson is 

appointed Director of the NHI.

March 15, 1968. Dr. Theodore Cooper succeeds 

Dr. Fredrickson as Director of the NHI, the latter electing 

to return to research activities with the Institute.

October 16, 1968. Dr. Marshall W. Nirenberg is 

awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 

discovering the key to deciphering the genetic code. 

Dr. Nirenberg, chief of the NHI Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, is the first Nobel Laureate at the NIH and 

the first Federal employee to receive a Nobel Prize.

October 26, 1968. The NHI receives the National 

Hemophilia Foundation’s Research and Scientific 

Achievement Award for its “medical leadership . . . , 

tremendous stimulation and support of research activities 

directly related to the study and treatment of hemophilia.”

November 14, 1968. The 20th anniversary of the 

NHI is commemorated at the White House under the 

auspices of President Johnson and other distinguished 

guests.

August 12, 1969. A major NHI reorganization plan 

creates five program branches along disease category 

lines in extramural programs (arteriosclerotic disease, 

cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, hypertension and 

kidney diseases, and thrombotic and hemorrhagic diseases); a Therapeutic Evaluations Branch and an Epidemiology Branch under the Associate Director for 

Clinical Applications; and three offices in the Office of 

the Director (heart information, program planning, and 

administrative management).

November 10, 1969. The NHI is redesignated by the 

Secretary, Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), as the 

National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), reflecting a 

broadening scope of its functions.

February 18, 1971. President Richard M. Nixon’s 

Health Message to Congress identifies sickle cell anemia 

as a high-priority disease and calls for increased Federal 

expenditures. The Assistant Secretary for Health and 

Scientific Affairs, HEW, is assigned lead-agency responsibility for coordination of the National Sickle Cell Disease Program at the NIH and NHLI.

June 1971. The Task Force on Arteriosclerosis, 

convened by Dr. Cooper, presents its report. Volume I 

addresses general aspects of the problem and presents the 

major conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical 

language. Volume II contains technical information on 

the state of knowledge and conclusions and recommendations in each of the following areas: atherogenesis, 

presymptomatic atherosclerosis, overt atherosclerosis, 

and rehabilitation.

May 16, 1972. The National Sickle Cell Anemia 

Control Act (P.L. 92–294) provides for a national 

diagnosis, control, treatment, and research program. 

The Act does not mention the NHLI but has special 

pertinence because the Institute has been designated to 

coordinate the National Sickle Cell Disease Program.

June 12, 1972. Elliot Richardson, Secretary, HEW, 

approves a nationwide program for high blood pressure 

information and education and appoints two committees 

to implement the program: the Hypertension Information and Education Advisory Committee, chaired by the 

Director, NIH, and the Interagency Working Group, 

chaired by the Director, NHLI. A High Blood Pressure 

Information Center is established within the NHLI 

Office of Information to collect and disseminate public 

and professional information about the disease.

July 1972. The NHLI launches its National High 

Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP), a program of patient and professional education that has as its 

goal to reduce death and disability related to high blood 

pressure.

July 14, 1972. Secretary Richardson approves 

reorganization of the NHLI, with the Institute elevated

to Bureau status within the NIH and comprising seven 

division-level components: Office of the Director, Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases, Division of Lung 

Diseases, Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, 

Division of Intramural Research, Division of Technological Applications, and Division of Extramural Affairs. 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

27

September 19, 1972. The National Heart, Blood 

Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act of 1972 (P.L. 92–423) 

expands the authority of the Institute to advance the 

national attack on the diseases within its mandate. The 

act calls for intensified and coordinated Institute activities to be planned by the Director and reviewed by the 

National Heart and Lung Advisory Council.

July 24, 1973. The first Five-Year Plan for the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program 

is transmitted to the President and to Congress.

December 17, 1973. The National Heart and Lung 

Advisory Council completes its First Annual Report on 

the National Program.

February 13, 1974. The Director of the NHLI forwards his First Annual Report on the National Program

to the President for transmittal to Congress.

April 5, 1974. The Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HEW, authorizes release of the Report to the President 

by the President’s Advisory Panel on Heart Disease. The 

report of the 20-member panel, chaired by Dr. John S. 

Millis, includes a survey of the problem of heart and 

blood vessel disorders and panel recommendations to 

reduce illness and death from them.

August 2, 1974. The Secretary, HEW, approves regulations governing the establishment, support, and operation of National Research and Demonstration Centers for 

heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases, which 

implement section 415(b) of the PHS Act, as amended 

by the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood 

Act of 1972: (1) to carry out basic and clinical research 

on heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; (2) to 

provide demonstrations of advanced methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment; and (3) to supply a training source for scientists and physicians concerned with 

the diseases.

September 16, 1975. Dr. Robert I. Levy is appointed 

Director of the NHLI, succeeding Dr. Theodore Cooper, 

who was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary for 

Health, HEW, on April 19, 1974.

June 25, 1976. Legislation amending the Public 

Health Service Act (P.L. 94–278) changes the name of 

the NHLI to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and provides for an expansion in bloodrelated activities within the Institute and throughout the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program. 

August 1, 1977. The Biomedical Research Extension Act of 1977 (P.L. 95–83) reauthorizes the programs 

of the NHLBI, with continued emphasis on both the 

national program and related prevention and dissemination activities.

February 1978. The NHLBI and the American 

Heart Association jointly celebrate their 30th anniversaries.

September 1979. The Task Force on Hypertension, 

established in September 1975 to assess the state of 

hypertension research, completes its in-depth survey and 

recommendations for improved prevention, treatment, 

and control in 14 major areas. The recommendations are 

intended to guide the NHLBI in its future efforts.

November 1979. The results of the Hypertension 

Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP), a major clinical trial started in 1971, provide evidence that tens of 

thousands of lives are being saved through treatment of 

mild hypertension and that perhaps thousands more 

could be saved annually if all people with mild hypertension were under treatment.

November 21, 1980. The Albert Lasker Special 

Public Health Award is presented to the NHLBI for its 

HDFP, “which stands alone among clinical studies in its 

profound potential benefit to millions of people.”

December 17, 1980. The Health Programs Extension 

Act of 1980 (P.L. 96–538) reauthorizes the NHLBI, with 

continued emphasis on both the national program and 

related prevention programs.

September 8, 1981. The Working Group on Arteriosclerosis, convened in 1978 to assess present understanding, highlight unresolved problems, and emphasize 

opportunities for future research in arteriosclerosis, completes its report. Volume I presents conclusions and 

recommendations in nontechnical language. Volume II 

provides an in-depth substantive basis for the conclusions and recommendations contained in Volume I.

October 2, 1981. The Beta-Blocker Heart Attack 

Trial (BHAT) demonstrates benefits to those in the trial 

who received the drug propranolol compared with the 

control group.

July 6, 1982. Dr. Claude Lenfant is appointed Director of the NHLBI. He succeeds Dr. Levy.

September 1982. The results of the Multiple Risk 

Factor Intervention Trial are released. They support 

measures to reduce cigarette smoking and to lower blood 

cholesterol to prevent CHD mortality but raise questions 

about optimal treatment of mild hypertension.

October 26, 1983. The Coronary Artery Surgery 

Study (CASS) results are released. They demonstrate 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

28

that mildly symptomatic patients with coronary artery 

disease can safely defer coronary artery bypass surgery 

until symptoms worsen.

January 12, 1984. The results of the Lipid Research 

Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT) 

are released. They establish conclusively that reducing 

total blood cholesterol reduces the risk of CHD in men at 

increased risk because of elevated cholesterol levels. 

Each 1 percent decrease in cholesterol can be expected to 

reduce heart attack risk by 2 percent.

April–September 1984. The Tenth Report of the 

Director, NHLBI, commemorates the 10th anniversary of 

the passage of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, 

and Blood Act. The five-volume publication reviews 

10 years of research progress and presents a 5-year 

research plan for the national program.

April 1984. The Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications is created. It provides the Institute with 

a single focus on clinical trials; prevention, demonstration, and education programs; behavioral medicine; 

nutrition; epidemiology; and biometry. It also provides 

new opportunities to examine the interrelationships of 

cardiovascular, respiratory, and blood diseases.

November 1984. In NHLBI-NIH Clinical Center 

interagency agreement for studies on the transmission of 

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from humans to 

chimpanzees leads to the first definitive evidence that the 

transmission is by blood transfusion.

April 1985. Results of Phase I of the Thrombolysis 

in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial comparing streptokinase (SK) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) are published. The new thrombolytic agent 

recombinant t-PA is approximately twice as effective as 

SK in opening thrombosed coronary arteries.

October 1985. The NHLBI Smoking Education Program is initiated to increase health care provider awareness about clinical opportunities for smoking cessation 

programs, techniques for use within health care settings, 

and resources for use within communities to expand and 

reinforce such efforts.

November 1985. The NHLBI inaugurates the 

National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) to 

increase awareness among health professionals and the 

public that elevated blood cholesterol is a cause of CHD 

and that reducing elevated blood cholesterol levels will 

contribute to the reduction of CHD.

June 1986. Results of the Prophylactic Penicillin 

Trial demonstrate the efficacy of prophylactic penicillin 

therapy in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with pneumococcal infections in children with SCD.

September 18, 1986. The NHLBI sponsors events 

on the NIH campus in conjunction with the meeting of 

the X World Congress of Cardiology in Washington, DC. 

Activities include a special exhibit at the National 

Library of Medicine entitled “American Contributions to 

Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery” and two symposia—“New Dimensions in Cardiovascular Disease 

Research” and “Cardiovascular Nursing and Nursing 

Research.”

December 17, 1986. The citizens of Framingham, 

Massachusetts, are presented a tribute by the Assistant 

Secretary, HHS, for their participation in the Framingham Heart Study over the past 40 years.

September 1987. The NHLBI commemorates the 

centennial of the NIH and the 40th anniversary of the 

Institute’s inception. Two publications prepared for the 

Institute's anniversary, Forty Years of Achievement in 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Research and A Salute to the 

Past: A History of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute, document significant Institute contributions to 

research and summarize recollections about the Institute’s 40-year history.

October 1987. The National Blood Resource Education Program is established to ensure an adequate supply 

of safe blood and blood components to meet the Nation’s 

needs and to ensure that blood and blood components are 

transfused only when therapeutically appropriate.

April 1988. The NHLBI initiates its Minority 

Research Supplements program to provide supplemental 

funds to ongoing research grants for support of minority 

investigators added to research teams.

September 1988. AIDS research is added to the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases 

and Blood Resources Program. It is the first area of 

research to be added since the Program was established 

in 1973.

September 1988. The NHLBI funds the first of its 

new Programs of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 

designed to foster the study of the organization, modification, and expression of the genome in areas of importance to the Institute and to encourage investigators to 

become skilled in the experimental strategies and techniques of modern molecular biology. 

September 1988. The Strong Heart Study is initiated. It focuses on CVD morbidity and mortality rates 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

29

and distribution of CVD risk factors in three geographically diverse American Indian groups. 

October 1988. The National Marrow Donor Program is transferred from the Department of the Navy to 

the NHLBI. The Program, which serves as a focal point 

for bone marrow research, includes a national registry of 

volunteers who have offered to donate marrow for transplant to patients not having suitably matched relatives.

March 1989. The NHLBI initiates a National 

Asthma Education Program to raise awareness of asthma 

as a serious chronic disease and to promote more effective management of asthma through patient and professional education. 

May 1989. The NHLBI Minority Access to Research 

Careers (MARC) Summer Research Training Program is 

initiated to provide an opportunity for MARC Honors 

Scholars to work with researchers in the NHLBI intramural laboratories.

September 14, 1990. The first human gene therapy 

protocol in history is undertaken at the NIH. A team of 

scientists, led by W. French Anderson, NHLBI, and 

R. Michael Blaese, NCI, insert a normal gene into a 

patient's cells to compensate for a defective gene that left 

the patient's cells unable to produce an enzyme essential 

to the functioning of the body’s immune system.

January 1991. The NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative (OEI) begins. Its objective is to make a concerted 

effort to educate the public and health professionals 

about obesity as an independent risk factor for CVD and 

its relationship to other risk factors, such as high blood 

pressure and high blood cholesterol.

February 1991. The expert panel of the National 

Asthma Education Program releases its report, Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, to educate physicians and other health care providers in asthma 

management.

April 8–10, 1991. The First National Conference on 

Cholesterol and Blood Pressure Control is attended by 

more than 1,800 health professionals.

May 1991. The Task Force on Hypertension, established in November 1989 to assess the state of hypertension research and to develop a plan for future NHLBI 

funding, presents its conclusions. The report outlines a 

set of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive 

plan for support over the next several years.

June 11, 1991. The NHLBI initiates a National Heart 

Attack Alert Program (NHAAP) to reduce premature 

morbidity and mortality from acute MI and sudden 

death. The Program emphasizes rapid disease identification and treatment.

July 1991. Results of the Systolic Hypertension in 

the Elderly Program (SHEP) demonstrate that low-dose 

pharmacologic therapy of isolated systolic hypertension 

in those older than 60 years of age significantly reduces 

stroke and MI.

August 1991. Results of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) are released. They demonstrate that use of the ACE inhibitor enalapril causes a 

significant reduction in mortality and hospitalization for 

CHF in patients with symptomatic heart failure.

August 1991. The NHLBI sponsors the first national 

workshop, “Physical Activity and Cardiovascular 

Health: Special Emphasis on Women and Youth,” to 

assess the current knowledge in the field and to develop 

scientific priorities and plans for support. Recommendations from the Working Groups are published in the supplemental issue of Medicine and Science in Sports and 

Exercise.

March 1992. The International Consensus Report 

on Diagnosis and Management of Asthma is released. It 

is to be used by asthma specialists and medical opinion 

leaders to provide a framework for discussion of asthma 

management pertinent to their respective countries.

March 1992. Results of the Trials of Hypertension 

Prevention Phase I are published. They demonstrate that 

both weight loss and reduction of dietary salt reduce blood 

pressure in adults with high-normal diastolic blood pressure and may reduce the incidence of primary hypertension.

June 26–27, 1992. The Fourth National Minority 

Forum on Cardiovascular Health, Pulmonary Disorders, 

and Blood Resources is attended by nearly 600 individuals.

October 11–13, 1992. The First National Conference 

on Asthma Management is attended by more than 900 

individuals.

October 30, 1992. A celebration of the 20th anniversary of the NHBPEP is held in conjunction with the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee meeting. The Fifth 

Report of the Joint National Committee on the Detection, 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

(JNC V) and the NHBPEP Working Group Report on the 

Primary Prevention of Hypertension are released.

June 10, 1993. The NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 

(P.L. 103–43) establishes the National Center on Sleep 

Disorders Research within the NHLBI.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

30

June 15, 1993. The Second Report of the Expert 

Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High 

Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP II) is released to the 

public at a press conference held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting.

January 30, 1995. Results of the Multicenter Study 

of Hydroxyurea are released through a clinical alert. 

They demonstrate that hydroxyurea reduced the number 

of painful episodes by 50 percent in severely affected 

adults with SCD. This is the first effective treatment for 

adult patients with this disorder.

September 1995. The NHLBI funds a new Program 

of Specialized Centers of Research in Hematopoietic 

Stem Cell Biology, which is designed to advance our 

knowledge of stem cell biology and enhance our ability 

to achieve successful stem cell therapy to cure genetic 

and acquired diseases.

September 21, 1995. Results of the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation are released 

through a clinical alert. They demonstrate that patients 

on drug treatment for diabetes who had blockages in two 

or more coronary arteries and were treated with coronary 

artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery had, at 5 years, a 

death rate markedly lower than that of similar patients 

treated with angioplasty. The clinical alert recommends 

CABG over standard angioplasty for patients on drug 

therapy for diabetes who have multiple coronary blockages and are first-time candidates for either procedure.

November 5–6, 1995. The first Conference on 

Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Cardiovascular Health 

and Disease is held to determine future opportunities and 

needs for research on SES factors and their relationships 

with cardiovascular health and disease.

December 4–5, 1995. A celebration of the 10th anniversary of the NCEP is held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting. Results of the 

1995 Cholesterol Awareness Surveys of physicians and 

the public are released.

May 1996. The NHLBI announces results from 

the Framingham Heart Study that conclude earlier and 

more aggressive treatment of hypertension is vital to preventing congestive heart failure. The Treatment of Mild 

Hypertension Study (TOMHS) demonstrates that lifestyle changes, such as weight loss, a healthy eating plan, 

and physical activity, are crucial for reducing blood lipids in those treated for Stage I hypertension.

September 1996. Findings from the Asthma Clinical 

Research Network (ACRN) show that for people with 

asthma, taking an inhaled beta-agonist at regularly 

scheduled times is safe but provides no greater benefit 

than taking the medication only when asthma symptoms 

occur. The recommendation to physicians who treat 

patients with mild asthma is to prescribe inhaled betaagonists only on an as-needed basis.

November 13, 1996. The NHLBI releases findings 

from two studies, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial and Trial of Nonpharmacologic 

Intervention in the Elderly (TONE). The DASH Trial 

demonstrates that a diet low in fat and high in vegetables, 

fruits, fiber, and low-fat dairy products significantly and 

quickly lowers blood pressure. The TONE shows that 

weight loss and reduction of dietary sodium safely 

reduce the need for antihypertensive medication in 

older patients while keeping their blood pressure under 

control.

January 1997. Definitive results from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth 

(PDAY) program are published. They show that atherosclerosis develops before age 20 and that the risk factors 

low HDL cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, and cigarette smoking affect the progression of atherosclerosis 

equally in women and men, regardless of race.

February 24, 1997. The NAEPP releases the Expert 

Panel Report 2, Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma to the public at a press conference 

held in conjunction with a meeting of the American 

Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology in San 

Francisco.

May 8, 1997. Results of the Antiarrhythmic Versus 

Implantable Defibrillator (AVID) clinical trial are presented. They show that an implantable cardiac defibrillator reduces mortality compared to pharmacologic 

therapy in patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death.

September 1997. The Stroke Prevention Trial in 

Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) is terminated early because 

prophylactic transfusion resulted in a 90 percent relative 

decrease in the stroke rate among children 2 to 16 years 

old.

September 1997. The Institute’s National Sickle 

Cell Disease Program celebrates its 25th anniversary.

October 1997. The NHLBI commemorates the 50th 

anniversary of the Institute's inception. A publication 

prepared for the Institute's anniversary, Vital Signs: Discoveries in diseases of the heart, lungs, and blood documents the remarkable research advances of the past 50 

years.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

31

October 1, 1997. The Women’s Health Initiative, 

initiated in 1991, is transferred to the NHLBI.

November 6, 1997. The Sixth Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) 

is released at a press conference held in conjunction with 

the 25th anniversary meeting and celebration of the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee.

December 1997. Findings from the Trial to Reduce 

Alloimmunization to Platelets (TRAP) demonstrate that 

leucocyte reduction by filtration or ultraviolet B irradiation of platelets—both methods are equally effective—

decreases development of lymphocytotoxic antibodies 

and alloimmune platelet refractoriness.

February 1998. The Task Force on Behavioral 

Research in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Health and 

Disease, established in November 1995 to develop a plan 

for future NHLBI biobehavioral research in cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders, presents 

its recommendations. The report outlines a set of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive plan for 

support over the next several years.

February 19–21, 1998. The NHLBI and cosponsors—California CVD Prevention Coalition; California 

Department of Health Services; CVD Outreach, 

Resources, and Epidemiology Program; and the University of California, San Francisco—hold Cardiovascular 

Health: Coming Together for the 21st Century, A 

National Conference, in San Francisco.

March 16, 1998. A special symposium is held at the 

annual meeting of the American Academy of Asthma, 

Allergy, and Immunology to celebrate 50 years of 

NHLBI-supported science.

June 17, 1998. The NHLBI, in cooperation with the 

NIDDK, releases Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Treatment, and Evaluation of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: Evidence Report.

December 11, 1998. World Asthma Day is established on this date. The NAEPP launches the Asthma 

Management Model System, an innovative Web-based 

information management tool.

March 1999. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network Study of Ventilator Management in ARDS is stopped early so that critical care 

specialists can be alerted to the results. The study demonstrated that approximately 25 percent fewer deaths 

occurred among intensive care patients with ARDS 

receiving small, rather than large, breaths of air from a 

mechanical ventilator. 

March 22, 1999. The NAEPP holds its 10th anniversary meeting and celebration to recognize a decade of 

progress and a continued commitment to the future.

August 1999. Results of the Early Revascularization 

for Cardiogenic Shock are released. They show 

improved survival at 6 months in patients treated with 

balloon angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery compared with patients who receive intensive medical care to 

stabilize their condition. 

September 27–29, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors the 

National Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Meeting the Healthy People 2010 Objectives for 

Cardiovascular Health.

November 2, 1999. The NAEPP convenes a Workshop on Strengthening Asthma Coalitions: Thinking 

Globally, Acting Locally to gather information from coalition representatives on ways the NAEPP could support 

their efforts. 

November 2–3, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors a Workshop on Research Training and Career Development.

March 8, 2000. A part of the Antihypertensive and 

Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial 

(ALLHAT) is terminated early because one of the tested 

drugs, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, was found to be less 

effective than the more traditional diuretic in reducing 

some forms of CVD.

March 29, 2000. The NHLBI launches the Webbased Healthy People 2010 Gateway to provide information and resources on cardiovascular health, asthma, 

sleep, and minority populations.

April 25, 2000. The NHLBI sponsors a special 

expert meeting, Scientific Frontiers in Cardiothoracic 

Surgery, to discuss the future of cardiothoracic research. 

September 2000. NHLBI-supported investigators 

identify a gene for primary pulmonary hypertension.

October 2000. Results from the Childhood Asthma 

Management Program (CAMP) demonstrate that inhaled 

corticosteroids are safe and effective for long-term treatment of children with mild-to-moderate asthma.

January 2001. Results of the DASH-Sodium Trial 

are released. They show that dietary sodium reduction 

substantially lowers blood pressure in persons with high 

blood pressure; the greatest effect occurs when sodium 

reduction is combined with the DASH diet.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

32

February 2001. The NHLBI launches a sleep education program for children, using star sleeper Garfield the 

Cat.

February 1, 2001. The NHLBI, along with the HHS 

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the 

Office of the Surgeon General, the CDC, the National 

Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the 

American Heart Association, signs a memorandum of 

understanding to focus and coordinate their efforts to 

meet the Healthy People 2010 objectives on cardiovascular health.

March 26–27, 2001. A strategy development workshop, “Women’s Heart Health: Developing a National 

Health Education Action Plan,” is held to develop an 

agenda for the NHLBI’s new heart health education 

effort directed at women.

April 2001. The NHLBI releases the international 

guidelines for diagnosis, management, and prevention of 

COPD.

April 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators identify 

genes that regulate human cholesterol levels.

May 2001. The NHLBI releases the NCEP’s new 

Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines for the 

detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults.

June 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators find that 

human heart muscle cells regenerate after a heart attack.

July 2001. A self-contained artificial heart is 

implanted in a patient for the first time.

August 2001. Early results from the National 

Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) identify characteristics of patients at high risk for death following lung 

volume reduction surgery. 

August 2001. Scientists from the NHLBI SCOR program at Yale University identify two genes responsible 

for pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a rare Mendelian 

form of high blood pressure. These genes encode for 

protein kinases involved in a previously unknown pathway and may provide new targets for therapy.

September 10, 2001. The NHLBI, along with the 

American Heart Association and other partners, launches 

a national campaign, “Act in Time to Heart Attack 

Signs,” to increase awareness of the signs of heart attack 

and the need for a fast response.

October 2001. NHLBI-supported scientists report 

that the drug, infliximab, increases risk of TB reactivation and dissemination. The drug is used to treat refractory rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease and is 

proposed as a treatment for several chronic lung diseases. 

November 2001. Results of the Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of 

Chronic Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that using an 

implanted left ventricular assist device can prolong survival and improve quality of life in severely ill patients 

who are not candidates for heart transplantation.

December 2001. For the first time, scientists correct 

SCD in mice using gene therapy.

April 10, 2002. The WHL and the NHLBI hold an 

international symposium; subsequently they prepare an 

action plan at the WHL Council Conference to control 

hypertension and obesity.

April 11–13, 2002. The NHLBI and cosponsors—

the HHS Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the CDC, the American Heart Association, the 

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the 

Health Resources and Services Administration—hold a 

national conference, “Cardiovascular Health for All: 

Meeting the Challenge of Healthy People 2010.”

June 2002. The NAEPP issues an update of selected 

topics in the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. 

June 2002. The fourth edition of The Management of 

Sickle Cell Disease, which describes the current 

approach to counseling SCD patients and managing 

many of the medical complications of SCD, is issued to 

coincide with the 30th anniversary of the NHLBI Sickle 

Cell Program.

July 9, 2002. The NHLBI stops early the trial of the 

estrogen plus progestin component of the WHI due to 

increased breast cancer risk and lack of overall benefits. 

The multicenter trial also found increases in CHD, 

stroke, and pulmonary embolism in participants on estrogen plus progestin compared to women taking placebo 

pills.

August 2002. NHLBI-supported scientists identify a 

gene variant that is associated with arrhythmia in African 

Americans.

December 4, 2002. Results of the Atrial Fibrillation 

Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management Trial 

(AFFIRM) indicate that rate control rather than rhythm 

control may be the preferred approach for patients with 

atrial fibrillation. The rate control strategy involves the 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

33

use of less expensive drugs and results in fewer hospitalizations.

December 17, 2002. Results of the ALLHAT, the 

largest hypertension clinical trial ever conducted, show 

that less expensive traditional diuretics are at least as 

good as newer medicines (calcium channel blocker and 

ACE inhibitors) in treating high blood pressure and preventing some forms of heart disease.

January 23, 2002. An NHLBI-supported study demonstrates that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be 

used to detect heart attacks faster and more accurately 

than traditional methods in patients who arrive at the 

emergency room with chest pain.

February 24, 2002. The Prevention of Recurrent 

Venous Thromboembolism Trial is stopped early 

because treatment with low-dose warfarin to prevent 

recurrence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary 

embolism was so beneficial. 

April 2003. Results of the MSH Patients’ Follow-up 

Study show that the adult patients who took hydroxyurea 

over a 9-year period experienced a 40 percent reduction 

in deaths. Survival was related to fetal hemoglobin levels and frequency of vaso-occlusive events. 

April 23, 2003. Results of the PREMIER trial of 

behavioral lifestyle interventions for blood pressure control show that individuals with prehypertension or 

stage 1 hypertension can lower their blood pressure by 

making multiple lifestyle changes. 

May 14, 2003. The Seventh Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VII)

is released. 

May 22, 2003. The NETT finds that lung volume 

reduction surgery (LVRS) benefits emphysema patients 

with certain clinical characteristics. The findings will be 

useful in the determination of Medicare coverage policy. 

July 2003. The NHLBI and Gen-Probe Corporation 

succeed in developing a test to screen donated blood for 

the West Nile Virus. 

August 2003. The NHLBI establishes a partnership 

with the CIHR to advance research on cardiovascular, 

respiratory, and blood diseases. 

November 2003. The Public Access Defibrillation 

Trial demonstrates that use of an automated external 

defibrillator and CPR by trained community volunteers 

can increase survival for victims of sudden cardiac 

arrest. 

March 2004. The NIH stops the estrogen-alone component of the WHI early due to the increased risk of 

stroke and deep vein thrombosis. Estrogen does not 

appear to affect heart disease. 

March 2004. Preliminary results of the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that an 

implantable cardiac defibrillator can reduce death in 

heart failure patients. 

July 2004. The NHLBI releases an update to the 

2001 NCEP ATP III guidelines on the treatment of high 

blood cholesterol in adults. 

August 2004. The NHBPEP Working Group on 

High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents 

releases the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, 

and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and 

Adolescents.

August 2004. An NHLBI-funded study shows that 

nucleic acid amplification testing for HIV-1 and hepatitis 

C virus further safeguards the Nation’s blood supply.

NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

35

Cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases constitute a large morbidity, mortality, and economic 

burden on individuals, families, and the Nation. 

Common forms are atherosclerosis, hypertension, 

COPD, and blood-clotting disorders—embolisms 

and thromboses. The most serious atherosclerotic 

diseases are CHD, as manifested by heart attack and 

angina pectoris, and cerebrovascular disease, as 

manifested by stroke.

In 2002, cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

accounted for 1,162,000 deaths and 48 percent of all 

deaths in the United States (p. 37). The projected 

economic cost in 2005 for these diseases is expected 

to be $545 billion, 23 percent of the total economic 

costs of illness, injuries, and death (p. 53). Of all 

diseases, heart disease is the leading cause of death, 

cerebrovascular disease is third (behind cancer), and 

COPD (including asthma) ranks fourth (p. 40). Cardiovascular and lung diseases account for 3 of the 4 

leading causes of death (p. 40) and 5 of the 10 leading causes of infant death (p. 46). Hypertension, 

heart disease, asthma, and chronic bronchitis are 

especially prevalent and account for substantial 

morbidity in Americans (p. 49). Increases in prevalence have been greatest for asthma and CHF.

The purpose of the biomedical research conducted 

by the NHLBI is to contribute to the prevention and 

treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases. 

National disease statistics show that by mid-century, 

morbidity and mortality from these diseases had 

reached record high levels. Since then, however, substantial improvements have been achieved, especially 

over the past 40 years, as shown by the significant 

decline in mortality rates. Because many of these diseases begin early in life, their early detection and control can reduce the risk of disability and can delay 

death. Although important advances have been made 

in the treatment and control of cardiovascular, lung, 

and blood diseases, these diseases continue to be a 

major burden on the Nation.

Cardiovascular Diseases

• In 2002, CVD caused 927,000 deaths—

38 percent of all deaths (p. 37).

• Heart disease is the leading cause of death; the 

main form, CHD, caused 495,000 deaths in 

2002 (pp. 38, 40).

• The annual number of deaths from CVD 

increased substantially between 1900 and 1970 

and remains high (p. 39). 

• The death rate (not age-adjusted) for CVD 

increased from 1920 until it peaked in 1968. 

Since then, the trend has been downward. In 

2002, the rate was similar to the rate in 1930 

(p. 39).

• Cerebrovascular disease, the third leading 

cause of death, accounted for 163,000 deaths in 

2002 (pp. 38, 40).

• Heart disease is second only to all cancers 

combined in years of potential life lost (p. 40).

• Among minority groups, heart disease ranks 

first, and stroke ranks fifth or higher as the 

leading causes of death (p. 40).

• The rapid increase in deaths due to CHF 

between 1968 and 2002 is a major exception to 

the mortality decline in CVD (p. 41).

• Between 1985 and 2002, death rates for heart 

disease and stroke declined in men and women 

of all racial/ethnic groups with one exception—

the death rate for stroke in American Indian 

females (p. 42).

• Because of the rapid decline in mortality from 

CHD since the peak in 1968, there were 

900,000 fewer deaths from CHD in 2002 than 

would have occurred if there had been no 

decline (p. 43). 

• Substantial improvements have been made in 

the treatment of CVD. Since 1975, casefatality rates from hospitalized acute 

myocardial infarction (AMI) stroke, cardiac 

dysrhythmia, and CHF patients declined 

appreciably (p. 43).

• The decline in CHD mortality began earlier in 

the United States than in most countries and 

4. Disease Statistics
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

36

outpaced that in most countries (only selected 

countries are shown) (p. 44).

• Between 1992 and 2002, the percent decline in 

death rates for CHD was greatest among white 

males and least among black females (p. 45).

• In 2002, an estimated 70.1 million persons in the 

United States had some form of CVD; 65 million had 

hypertension, and 13 million had CHD (p. 49).

• Since the 1960s, there has been a substantial 

reduction in the prevalence of CVD risk factors: 

hypertension, smoking, and high cholesterol, but not 

overweight. The decline in prevalence of hypertension ceased in 1990; since then the prevalence has 

increased (p. 50).

• Between 1976–80 and 1999–2002, the percent of 

persons with hypertension that were aware of their 

condition, on treatment for it, and having their blood 

pressure under control increased substantially 

(p. 51).

• A 1999–2002 national survey showed only about 

one-third of hypertensive patients (systolic BP > 140 

mm Hg or diastolic BP > 90 mm Hg or on 

antihypertensive medication) had their condition 

under control (p. 51).

• Hospitalization rates for CHF increased between 

1971 and 2000 (p. 52).

• The estimated economic cost of CVD for 2005 is 

approximately $393 billion:

– $242 billion in direct health expenditures

– $35 billion in indirect cost of morbidity

– $117 billion in indirect cost of mortality (p. 53).

Lung Diseases

• Lung diseases, excluding lung cancer, caused an 

estimated 239,000 deaths in 2002 (p. 37).

• COPD caused 121,000 deaths in 2002 and is the 

fourth leading cause of death (pp. 38, 40).

• Between 1992 and 2002, death rates for COPD 

increased substantially in women and decreased 

slightly in men; mortality for asthma decreased 

appreciably (p. 45).

• Between 1980 and 2002, infant death rates for 

various lung diseases declined markedly (p. 45).

• Of the seven leading causes of infant mortality, four 

are lung diseases or have a lung disease component 

(p. 46). Between 1992 and 2002, changes in 

mortality for the causes were:

– Congenital anomalies (-17 percent)

– Disorders of short gestation (-3 percent)

– Sudden infant death syndrome 

(-57 percent)

– Respiratory distress syndrome

(-54 percent).

• Lung diseases accounted for 21 percent of all deaths 

under 1 year of age in 2002 (p. 46).

• The COPD death rate for women in the United 

States is increasing significantly compared with the 

rates in several other countries (p. 47).

• Between 1985 and 2002, death rates for COPD 

increased for women in all racial/ethnic groups. For 

men, they increased in blacks, American Indians, 

and Hispanics, and were essentially flat in whites 

and Asians (p. 48).

• Sleep disorders are increasingly being recognized as 

an important health problem. The number of 

physician office visits for sleep apnea, insomnia, 

restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy, and other major 

sleep disorders increased from 1,046,927 in 1990 to 

6,216,000 in 2001 (p. 48).

• Asthma is a common chronic condition, particularly 

in children (pp. 49, 50, 52). 

• The economic cost of lung diseases is expected to be 

$140 billion in 2005—$81 billion in direct health 

expenditures and $59 billion in indirect cost of 

morbidity and mortality (p. 53).

Blood Diseases

• An estimated 251,000 deaths, 10 percent of all 

deaths, were attributed to blood diseases in 2002

 (p. 37). These include the following:

– 241,000 due to blood-clotting disorders

– 10,000 to diseases of the red blood cell and 

bleeding disorders (p. 38).

• A large proportion of deaths from acute MI and 

cerebrovascular disease involve blood-clotting 

problems (p. 38). 

• In 2005, blood-clotting disorders are expected to 

cost the Nation’s economy $92 billion, and other 

blood diseases will cost $12 billion (p. 53).

• The mean age at death for persons with sickle cell 

anemia increased from about 28 years in 1979 to 

37.7 years in 2001 (not shown).
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

37

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1982 and 2002

* Includes 328,000 CVD deaths involving blood-clotting diseases in 1982 and 241,000 in 2002.

† Includes 12,000 CVD deaths due to pulmonary heart disease in 1982 and 14,000 in 2002.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2002

Total Cardiovascular, Lung, and 

Blood Diseases 47.6%

* Excludes deaths from pulmonary heart disease (14,000).

† Excludes deaths from blood-clotting disorders and 

pulmonary embolism (241,000).

1982 2002

Cause of Death

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

All Causes 1,975,000 100 2,443,000 100

All Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases 1,121,000 57 1,162,000 48

Cardiovascular Diseases 979,000 50 927,000 38

Blood 335,000* 17 251,000* 10

Lung 147,000† 7 239,000† 10

All Other Causes 854,000 43 1,281,000 52

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases, U.S., 2002

52.4%

Lung*

9.2%

CVD

37.9%

Blood†

0.4%

Other

52.5%4% Lung

19.4%

Blood

0.9%

CVD*

79.8%

* CVD involving blood clotting (20.7%).
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

38

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2002

* Deaths from clotting or pulmonary disorders also are included as cardiovascular deaths.

Note: Total, excluding overlap, is 1,162,000.

Source: Estimated by the NHLBI from Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths (Thousands)

Cause of Death Cardiovascular Lung Blood

Acute Myocardial Infarction 180 — 122*

Other Coronary Heart Disease 315 — —

Congestive Heart Failure 56 — —

Cerebrovascular Diseases (Stroke) 163 — 106*

Other Atherosclerosis 39 — 4*

Pulmonary Embolism 9 9* 9*

Other Cardiovascular Diseases 165 5* —

Bleeding and Red Blood Cell Diseases — — 10

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — 121 —

Asthma — 4 —

Other Airway Diseases — 1 —

Pneumonia — 65 —

Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders — 5 —

Interstitial Lung Diseases — 5 —

Lung Diseases Due to External Agents — 18 —

Other Lung Diseases — 6 —

Total 927 239 251

Deaths From Lung 

Diseases, U.S., 2002

Deaths From Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 2002

Blood-Clotting Disorders 96.0%

Source: Estimated by the NHLBI from Vital 

Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Pulmonary

Circulation

5.9% Neonatal

2.1%

Pneumonia

27.2%

Interstitial/

Other

12.1%

Airway Diseases

52.7% Interstitial/

Other

12.1%

Airway Diseases

52.7%

Pulmonary

Circulation

5.9% Neonatal

2.1%

Pneumonia

27.2%

Pulmonary

Embolism

3.6%

Other

Atherosclerosi

s

1.6%

AMI

48.6%

Bleeding and 

Red Cell 

Diseases

4.0%

Stroke

42.2%

Other

Atherosclerosis

1.6%

AMI

48.6%

Bleeding and

4.0%

Red Cell

Diseases

Pulmonary

Embolism

3.6%

Stroke

42.2%

Atherosclerosis-Related Disease 81.2%

Deaths From Cardiovascular

Diseases, U.S., 2002

* Includes cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertensive 

disease, and other heart and blood vessel diseases.

Other CVD*

17.8%

CHF

6.0%

Other

Atherosclerosis

Pulmonary 4.2%

Embolism

1.0%

Stroke

17.6%

AMI

19.4%

Other CHD

34.0%

AMI

19.4%

Stroke

17.6%

Other

Atherosclerosis

4.2% Pulmonary

Embolism

1.0%

Other CVD*

17.8%

CHF

6.0%

Other CHD

34.0%
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

39

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2002

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates* for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2002

* Not age-adjusted.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Year

Number of Deaths

Total CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Total CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

Year

Number of Deaths (Thousands)

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Total CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

Year

Deaths per 100,000 Population

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

40

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2002

* Includes 171.4 deaths per 100,000 population from CHD.

† COPD and allied conditions (including asthma); the term in the ICD/10 is “chronic lower respiratory diseases.”

‡ Based on the average remaining years of life up to age 75 years.

Note: Bolded diseases are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2002

* Includes deaths among individuals of Asian extraction and Asian-Pacific Islanders.

† Includes deaths among Aleuts and Eskimos.

Note: Bolded causes of death are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Years of potential life lost

(millions)‡

3.3 4.3 0.5 0.5 2.9 0.5 0.2 < 0.1 0.2 0.2

Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Homicide

Pneumonia

Suicide

COPD

Cirrhosis

Stroke

Diabetes

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

American Indian†

Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Septicemia

Nephritis

Suicide

COPD

Pneumonia

Diabetes

Accidents

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Cause Asian*

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Perinatal

Pneumonia

COPD

Cirrhosis

Homicide

Diabetes

Stroke

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Cause Hispanic

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Septicemia

Nephritis

COPD

HIV Infection

Homicide

Accidents

Diabetes

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Black

Heart

Cancer

Stroke

Accidents

Diabetes

Homicide

HIV Infection

COPD

Nephritis

Septicemia

Heart

Cancer

Accidents

Stroke

Diabetes

Homicide

Cirrhosis

COPD

Pneumonia

Perinatal

Heart

Cancer

Stroke

Accidents

Diabetes

Pneumonia

COPD

Suicide

Nephritis

Septicemia

Heart

Cancer

Accidents

Stroke

Diabetes

Homicide

Cirrhosis

COPD

Pneumonia

Suicide

Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Septicemia

Nephritis

Suicide

COPD

Pneumonia

Diabetes

Accidents

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Asian*

Heart

Stroke

COPD

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Cause of Death

 1 = Heart*

 2 = Cancer

 3 = Cerebrovascular

 4 = COPD†

 5 = Accidents

 6 = Diabetes

 7 = Influenza and Pneumonia

 8 = Alzheimer’s Disease

 9 = Nephritis

 10 = Septicemia

Deaths per 100,000 Population

*
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

41

Death Rates* for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1982 and 2002

* Age-adjusted; rate per 100,000 population.

† Comparability ratio (1.0588) applied.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths From Congestive Heart Failure, U.S., 1968–2002

Note: The sharp drop occurring in 1989 is attributed to the revision of the death certificate.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Rate* Rate Percent 

Cause of Death 1982 2002 Change Change

All Causes 985 845 -140 -14

Cardiovascular Diseases 505 319 -186 -37

Coronary Heart Disease 320 171 -149 -47

Stroke 89 56 -33 -37

Other 95 92 -3 -8

Noncardiovascular Diseases 480 526 +46 +10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60 Deaths (Thousands)

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

†
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

42

Death Rates* for Heart Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2002

* Age-adjusted.

† Non-Hispanic.

Note: Each line is a log linear regression derived from the actual rates.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates* for Stroke by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2002

* Age-adjusted.

† Non-Hispanic.

Note: Each line is a log linear regression derived from the actual rates.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1985 1985

Black

White

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Male Female

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Year

1985 2002 1985 2002

†

Male Female

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1985 2002 1985 2002

Black

White

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Male Female

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Year

†

Male Female
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

43

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2002

Actual Rate and Expected Rates if Rise Had Continued or Reached a Plateau

* Age-adjusted.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead From Hospitals, 

U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2002

Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey, NCHS.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Peak Rate

900,000 Deaths Averted in 2002 Due to

Decline From Peak Rate in 1968 (1,394,000–494,000)

494,000 Actual Deaths in 2002

1,394,000 Deaths Expected in 2002

if No Decline From Peak Rate

More Than 1.6 Million Deaths Expected

in 2002 if Rise Had Continued

Deaths per 100,000 Population

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

C ardiac 

D ysrhythm ia

Pneum onia

C ongestive 

H eart Failure

Stroke

AMI

1975

1985

2002

Disease

AMI

Stroke

CHF

Pneumonia

Cardiac

Dysrhythmia

Percent Discharged Dead

1975

1985

2002

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

44

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Men Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2002

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Organization.

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Women Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2002

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Organization.

Year

Rate per 100,000 Population*

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Finland

Australia

USA

England

Poland

France

Japan

Deaths per 100,000 Population

1970 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 1985 2005

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Rate per 100,000 Population*

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Finland

Australia

USA

England

Poland

France

Japan

Deaths per 100,000 Population

1970 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 1985 2005
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

45

Change in Death Rates* for Selected Causes by Race and Gender, U.S., 1992–2002

* Age-adjusted.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2002

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

White Men

Black Men

White Women

Black Women

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

COPD Asthma CHD Stroke

Cause of Death

White Men

Black Men

White Women

Black Women

COPD Asthma CHD Stroke

Cause of Death

Percent

Year

Deaths per 100,000 Live Births

0

50

100

150

200

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Sudden Infant

Death Syndrome

Respiratory 

Distress Syndrome

Other Neonatal 

Respiratory Disorder 

Hypoxia

Pneumonia

Deaths per 100,000 Live Births

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

46

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2002

* Congenital CVD and congenital anomalies of the respiratory system (black bar) represented 42 percent of all infant deaths due to congenital anomalies.

† Between 1992 and 2002, congenital CVD declined 35 percent; congenital anomalies of the respiratory system declined 28 percent; other congenital anomalies 

declined 17 percent.

NA: Not available.

Note: Bolded diseases are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2002

Note: Bolded diseases are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Cause of Death

Deaths 

Under Age 1

All Causes 28,034

Cardiovascular Diseases 2,400*

Congenital Anomalies 1,733

Other 667

Lung Diseases 5,922

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 2,295*

Respiratory Distress Syndrome 943*

Pneumonia 263

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) 296

Atelectasis of Newborn 400

Congenital Anomalies 638*

Other Lung Diseases 1,087

Other Diseases 19,712

Cause of Mortality

0 50 100 150 200

Intrauterine hypoxia

DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY

SYSTEM

Bacterial sepsis of newborn

RESPIRATORY 

DISTRESS SYNDROME

Accidents and adverse effects

Newborns affected by complications 

of placenta, cord, and membrane

Newborns affected by maternal 

complications of pregnancy

SUDDEN INFANT 

DEATH SYNDROME

DISORDERS RELATING

TO SHORT GESTATION

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES*

Deaths Under Age 1 per 100,000 Live Births

Percent Change

1992–2002

17ja

 -3

+11

+1

-54

-57

+6

NA

-5

-34

†

Percent Change

1992–2002

Sudden infant

Disorders relating 

to short gestation

Congenital anomalies*

Respiratory

Diseases of the circulatory system

Newborns affected by maternal

Newborns affected by complications

of placenta, cord, and membrane

death syndrome

complications of pregnancy

Accidents and adverse effects

Bacterial sepsis of newborn

Intrauterine hypoxia

Distress Syndrome

Cause of Mortality

0 50 100 150 200

-17†

-54

+6

Congenital 

Anomalies of the 

Respiratory 

System

2.3%

Atelectasis and 

Other Lung 

Diseases

BPD 5.3%

1.0%

Pneumonia

0.9%

RDS

SIDS 3.4%

8.2%

Other CVD

2.4%

Congenital 

Anomalies of the 

CV System

6.2%

Other Diseases

70.3%

CVD 8.6%

Lung Diseases 21.1%
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

47

Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Men Ages 35+ Years, Selected 

Countries, 1980–2002

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, WHO.

Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Women Ages 35+ Years, Selected 

Countries, 1980–2002

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, WHO.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2002 2001

Year

Deaths per 100,000 Population

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

Finland

France

Japan

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2002 2001

Year

Deaths per 100,000 Population

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

Finland

France

Japan

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

48

Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, 

U.S., 1985–2002

* Age-adjusted.

† Non-Hispanic.

Note: Each line is a log linear regression derived from the actual rates. Rates from 1999–2002 are modified by the ICD revision comparability ratio.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 1990–2002

Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, NCHS.

Deaths per 100,000 Population

†

Deaths per 100,000 Population

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1985 2002 1985 2002

Year

White

Black

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Male Female

†

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Year

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Sleep apnea

Narcolepsy

Restless legs

Total

Year

Visits (Millions)

Sleep apnea

Narcolepsy

Restless Legs

Total

1990 1992 1994 1998 2000 1996 2002

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

7
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

49

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2002

* Systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, on antihypertensive medication, or told twice of having hypertension.

Note: Some persons are included in more than one diagnostic group, and persons with more than one form of anemia are counted more than once.

Sources: Extrapolated to United States from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999–2002, and National Health Interview Survey 

(NHIS), 2002, 2003.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases* in Adults by Age, U.S., 1999–2002

* Hypertension, CHD, cerebrovascular disease, or CHF. 

Hypertension = systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, on antihypertensive medication, or told twice of having 

hypertension.

Source: NHANES, 1999–2002.

Disease Number

Total Cardiovascular Diseases 70,100,000

Hypertension* 65,000,000

Coronary Heart Disease 13,000,000

Congestive Heart Failure 4,900,000

Stroke 5,400,000

Congenital Heart Disease 1,000,000

Asthma (2003) 20,600,000

COPD 10,800,000

Chronic Bronchitis only (age 18+) 8,200,000

Emphysema only (age 18+) 1,700,000

Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema (age 18+) 900,000

Anemias (all forms) (1996) 3,500,000

Percent

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

20–34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+

Ages

20–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75+

Percent
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

50

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases by Age, U.S., 2002

Note: Numbers depicted in bars are not additive by disease because some persons have more than one disease.

Source: NHIS 1996 for anemias, 2002 for lung diseases, and NHANES 1999–2002 for CVD.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors* in Adults, U.S., 1961–2001

* Age-adjusted.

Note: Hypertension is systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure is > 90 mm Hg, or on antihypertensive medication. High cholesterol is

240+ mg/dl. Overweight is BMI 25+ kg/m2. 

Source: NHIS for smoking (age 18+) and NHANES for the other risk factors (ages 20–74).

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Anemias

Asthma

Congestive Heart Failure

COPD

Stroke

Coronary Heart Disease

Hypertension

Stroke

Congestive Heart Failure

COPD

Asthma

Coronary Heart Disease

Hypertension

Anemias

Coronary Heart Disease

COPD

Asthma

Hypertension

Asthma

Percent

Asthma

Hypertension

Asthma

COPD

CHD

Anemias

Hypertension

CHD

Asthma

COPD

CHF

Stroke

Hypertension

CHD

Stroke

COPD

CHF

Asthma

Anemias

Disease

<18 Years

18–44 Years

45–64 Years

65+ Years

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1961 1991 2000 2005

Year

Overweight

Hypertension

Smoking

High Cholesterol

Percent of Population

Year

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1990 1985 1995 2000 2005
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

51

Hypertensive Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Age 18+, U.S., 1976–80 to 1999–2002

* Systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, or on antihypertensive medication.

** Systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, on antihypertensive medication, or told twice of having hypertension. Here, 

“treated” includes medication use and other means. 

Source: NHANES, NCHS.

Adult Population With Hypertension* by Age, Gender, and Race, U.S., 1999–2002

* Systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, on antihypertensive medication, or told twice of having hypertension.

Source: NHANES, NCHS. 

Percent of Hypertension Population**

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Aware Treated Controlled

1976–80

1988–91

1991–94

1999–02

Aware Treated Controlled

Percent of Hypertensive Population*

Ages

Percent of Population

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0

White

Black

MexicanAmerican

0 20 40 60 80 100

60+

40–59

20–39

White

Black

MexicanAmerican

Percent of Population

Ages

Men Women

Percent of Hypertension Population*

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Aware Treated Controlled

1988–94

1999–02

Aware Treated Controlled

Percent of Hypertensive Population**
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

52

Hospitalization Rates for Congestive Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 Years and 65+ Years, U.S., 1971–2002

Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey, NCHS.

Persons Experiencing Asthma Episodes in Previous 12 Months by Age, U.S., 1997–2003

Source: National Health Interview Survey, NCHS.

0

50

100

150

200

250

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

Ages 65+ Years

Ages 45-64 Years

Hospitalizations per 10,000 Population

Ages 65+ Years

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Ages 45–64 Years

Percent

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Y ears

<15 yrs

15-34 yrs

35+ yrs

Years

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Percert

<15 yrs

15–34 yrs

35+ yrs

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Year

Percent
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

53

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2005

* Direct costs are personal health care expenditures for hospital and nursing home care, drugs, home care, and physician and other professional services. The estimation method is based on Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) projections for total 2005 health expenditures by type of direct costs and NCHS 

estimates of direct costs in 1995 for each of the major diagnostic groups. The proportion of costs for 1995 for each diagnostic group is applied to the equivalent 

2005 total by type of direct cost. 

† Morbidity costs were estimated for 2005 by multiplying NCHS estimates for 1980 by a 1980–2005 percent inflation factor derived from the increase in mean 

earnings estimated by the Bureau of the Census.

‡ The mortality cost for each disease group was estimated for 2005 by first multiplying the number of deaths in 2001 in each age- and sex-specific group by the 

2001 present value of lifetime earnings (latest available) discounted at 3 percent; second, summing these estimates for each diagnostic group; and third, multiplying the estimates by a 2001–2005 inflation factor (1.20) based on change in mean earnings. 

§ Costs of blood-clotting disease are estimated from predetermined proportions of CVD morbidity and mortality statistics for MI, cerebrovascular diseases, and 

diseases of arteries.

** Does not include lung cancer or leukemia.

Note: Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding.

Source: Estimates by NHLBI; data from the NCHS, the CMS, the Bureau of the Census, and the Institute for Health and Aging, University of California, 

San Francisco.

Total Economic Costs, U.S., 2005 Economic Costs: Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases, U.S., 2005

Amount (Dollars in Billions) Percent Distribution

Indirect Costs Indirect Costs

Direct 

Costs* Morbidity† Mortality‡ Total

Direct 

Costs Morbidity Mortality Total

Cardiovascular Disease 241.8 34.8 116.8 393.4 15.0 17.0 20.6 16.5

(including Blood Clotting)§ (56.8) (7.7) (27.2) (91.7) (3.5) (3.7) (4.8) (3.8)

Lung Diseases** 80.7 26.8 32.1 139.6 5.0 13.1 5.7 5.9

Blood Diseases 8.4 0.7 3.1 12.2 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5

Subtotal 330.9 62.4 152.0 545.3 20.6 30.4 26.8 22.9

Diseases of the Digestive 

System

168.5 10.6 25.4 204.5 10.5 5.2 4.5 8.6

Neoplasms 74.0 17.5 118.4 209.9 4.6 8.5 20.9 8.8

Mental Disorders 133.2 27.0 8.6 168.8 8.3 13.1 1.5 7.1

Diseases of the Nervous 

System

137.5 8.0 12.5 158.0 8.5 3.9 2.2 6.6

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal 

System 

94.4 20.9 3.0 118.3 5.9 10.2 0.5 5.0

Diseases of the Genitourinary 

System

70.1 5.4 6.4 81.9 4.4 2.6 1.1 3.4

Endocrine, Nutritional, and 

Metabolic Diseases

66.2 6.7 19.4 92.3 4.1 3.3 3.4 3.9

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 33.9 12.4 28.1 74.4 2.1 6.1 5.0 3.1

Diseases of the Skin 37.2 1.6 0.6 39.4 2.3 0.8 0.1 1.6

Other Respiratory Diseases 47.1 8.3 3.2 58.6 2.9 4.0 0.6 2.5

Other and Unallocated to 

Diseases

415.7 24.2 188.5 628.4 25.8 11.8 33.3 26.4

Total $1,608.7 $205.0 $566.1 $2,379.8 100% 100% 100% 100%

Other

77.1%

Lung

5.9%

Cardiovascular

16.5%

Blood

0.5%

Indirect 39.3%

Mortality

27.9%

Morbidity

11.4%

Direct

60.7%

NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

55

More than two-thirds of the research supported by 

the NHLBI is initiated by individual investigators; 

the remainder is initiated by the Institute. Instituteinitiated programs are developed in response to 

evolving national needs, Congressional mandates, 

and advances in scientific knowledge. Each initiative represents the outcome of extensive discussions 

and thorough reviews by representatives of the scientific community, Institute advisory committees or 

special emphasis panels (SEPs), the Board of Extramural Advisors (BEA), and the National Heart, 

Lung, and Blood Advisory Council (NHLBAC). 

The advisory committees, SEPs, and the BEA, 

together with professional societies and NHLBI 

staff, continually review the progress of research 

within the NHLBI program areas, assess newly 

acquired knowledge, and identify research topics 

that offer the best opportunities or constitute the 

greatest needs. This planning process contributes to 

policy development at the national level by setting 

priorities among competing programs and establishing budgets for individual programs and projects. 

Initiatives generally emanate as Requests for 

Applications (RFAs) for grants, including cooperative agreements, or Requests for Proposals (RFPs) 

for contracts. A smaller number of initiatives take 

the form of Program Announcements (PAs). Applications and proposals submitted in response to RFAs 

and RFPs compete among themselves for specific 

“set-aside” funds. Applications submitted in 

response to PAs generally compete with other 

investigator-initiated applications for funding.

RFA, RFP, and PA concepts prepared by the Institute are presented to the BEA, which reviews and 

prioritizes them. The concepts, along with the comments from the BEA, are then sent to the NHLBAC 

for review, comment, and concurrence. Initiatives 

that receive the concurrence of the NHLBAC are 

considered further by the NHLBI Director in the 

context of the Institute's budget, program priorities, 

review workload, and proposed mechanisms. These 

considerations guide the Director's subsequent decisions to approve initiatives for release. RFAs, RFPs, 

and PAs are announced in the weekly publication, 

the NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts.

Applications and proposals submitted in response 

to RFAs and RFPs are reviewed by the NHLBI. 

Applications submitted in response to PAs are 

reviewed by the NIH Center for Scientific Review.

Descriptions of the Institute-initiated programs 

that began or were renewed (i.e., were funded) in 

FY 2004 are presented below according to NHLBI 

scientific program. Also described are trans-NIH 

and interagency initiatives in which the NHLBI is 

participating.

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Initiative Being Renewed

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young 

Adults (CARDIA) Study

The purpose of this renewal is to continue support 

for research that examines the development of 

atherosclerosis in adults in their forties, an age when 

the earliest detectable subclinical disease appears to 

accelerate. Scientists will use the CARDIA study’s 

15 years of data and stored samples and the Year 20 

exam to address questions pertaining to subclinical 

disease development that cannot be determined in 

older cohorts.

New Initiatives

Interventions To Improve Hypertension Control 

Rates in African Americans

The purpose of this RFA is to evaluate interventions to improve medical care delivery so that a 

greater proportion of black patients will have their 

blood pressure controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg 

as specified in the JNC 7. The study will focus on 

patients; clinicians; the interactions between them; 

and physical, social, and administrative environments in which the interactions occur. 

5. Institute-Initiated Programs 

Starting in FY 2004
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

56

Partnership Programs To Reduce Cardiovascular 

Disparities

The purpose of this RFA is to encourage research that 

improves CVD outcomes in racial and ethnic minorities 

by establishing partnerships between minority-serving 

health care systems that lack a strong research program 

and research-intensive medical centers that have a track 

record of NIH-supported research and patient care. The 

partnership will conduct collaborative research on the 

causes and resolution of health disparities that exist 

among minority populations and provide culturally sensitive, reciprocal educational and skills development programs to enhance the research potential and CVD 

management capabilities at the collaborating organizations.

Pediatric Circulatory Support

The purpose of this RFP is to develop circulatory 

assist devices such as left and right ventricular assist 

devices, extracorporeal gas exchange systems, and other 

bioengineered systems for infants and children with congenital and acquired CVD who experience cardiopulmonary failure and circulatory collapse.

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research 

(SCCOR) in Pediatric Heart Development and Disease

The purpose of this SCCOR is to conduct interdisciplinary studies of the etiology, pathophysiology, and 

diagnosis of congenital and acquired pediatric heart disease. The goal is to translate research findings into more 

effective methods of treatment and prevention.

Lung Diseases Program

Initiative Being Renewed

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) 

Network

The purpose of this closed-competition renewal is to 

continue support for a network of clinical centers and a 

data coordinating center to evaluate new treatment 

approaches and management strategies for children with 

asthma, assess available medications, and disseminate 

findings rapidly to the health care community. 

New Initiatives

Granulomatous Lung Inflammation in Sarcoidosis

The purpose of this RFA is to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the development of pulmonary 

sarcoidosis, an autoimmune disease characterized by 

granulomatous inflammation in the lungs. Research will 

focus on determining the etiology of the disease and its 

susceptibility factors and identifying components in the 

innate and adaptive immune pathways that affect lung 

lymph nodes and tissues in the early stage of the disease.

Immune System Development and the Genesis of 

Asthma

The purpose of this RFA is to stimulate research on 

immune function early in life in order to determine its 

impact on the development of asthma. Research findings 

will be used to devise preventive strategies that will not 

compromise the integrity of the immune system.

Lung Tissue Research Consortium

The purpose of this RFP is to facilitate studies of pulmonary disease by establishing a program for standardized 

processing, storage, and distribution of lung tissues and 

their associated clinical data. This resource will enable 

investigators to perform studies correlating molecular 

histopathology of lung with pulmonary function and 

clinical status.

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Initiative Being Renewed

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS)

The purpose of this renewal is to continue support for 

studies on volunteer blood donors to ensure the safety 

and availability of the Nation’s blood supply. Research 

includes monitoring known blood-borne infectious 

agents, evaluating rapidly the impact of emerging 

pathogens, assessing the safety implication of changes

in laboratory and blood donor screening protocols, and 

examining blood supply availability issues.

New Initiative

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying DiamondBlackfan Anemia and Other Congenital Bone Marrow 

Failure Syndromes

The purpose of this RFA is to encourage research 

associated with the genetics and basic mechanisms of 

Diamond-Blackfan anemia and other rare inherited bone 

marrow failure syndromes. Scientists are seeking to 

understand the molecular pathways that are disrupted in 

these syndromes. 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

57

Trans-NHLBI

Initiatives Being Renewed

NHLBI Competitive Supplements for Human 

Embryonic Stem Cell Research

The purpose of this renewal is to enable NHLBI 

grantees with little or no prior experience working with 

human embryonic stem cell lines to incorporate the lines 

into their experimental plan when the research falls 

within the original scope of the parent grant and is a logical extension of its goals and objectives.

NHLBI Innovative Research Grant Program

The purpose of this renewal is to support investigators 

with innovative hypotheses pertaining to heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders by relaxing the stringent criteria for preliminary data and demonstration of 

concept feasibility during standard NIH research project 

(R01) reviews. The initiative will provide limited R21 

awards, not to exceed $100,000 in direct cost per year for 

up to 2 years.

NHLBI Mentored Minority Faculty Development 

Award

The purpose of this renewal is to provide minority faculty members with varying levels of research experience 

the opportunity to acquire the skills needed to become 

independent investigators. Selected candidates will 

undertake 3 to 5 years of special study and supervised 

research under an established scientist. 

NHLBI Minority Institution Research Scientist 

Development Award

The purpose of this renewal is to enhance NHLBIrelevant research skills of faculty members with doctoral 

degrees in biomedical or behavioral science at minority 

institutions. Awardees will be mentored by an accomplished investigator at a nearby institution and are 

required to develop a program of up to 5 years of intensive, full-time training during the summer and part-time 

training during the academic year. 

NHLBI Minority Institutional Research Training 

Program

The purpose of this renewal is to provide full-time 

research training to graduate, postdoctoral, or health professional students at minority schools for investigative 

careers in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders.

NHLBI Short-Term Training for Minority Students

The purpose of this renewal is to provide research 

training for minority students to encourage them to participate in cardiovascular, pulmonary, hematologic, and 

sleep disorders research. The awardees will receive 2 to 

3 months of research training with experienced investigators.

Programs for Genomic Application (PGAs) for Heart, 

Lung, and Blood Research

The purpose of this renewal is to advance functional 

genomic research related to heart, lung, blood, and sleep 

health and disorders. Areas of emphasis include production and biological validation of resources and tools, 

education, and increased interactions between the PGA 

groups.

SBIR/STTR Technologies for Monitoring and 

Performing Resuscitation

 The purpose of this renewal is to develop innovative 

approaches, tools, devices, and biomaterials related to 

bioengineering-based methodologies for monitoring and 

performing resuscitation. The goal is to reduce morbidity and mortality from circulatory, hypoxemic, and traumatic arrest by fostering improved systems and methods 

for out-of-hospital and basic resuscitation.

New Initiatives

Aldosterone Antagonists for the Treatment of Heart 

Failure With Preserved Systolic Function

The purpose of this RFP is to evaluate the effectiveness of aldosterone antagonist therapy to reduce mortality in patients who have heart failure with preserved 

systolic function.

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities Academic 

Award

The purpose of this RFA is to develop core curricula 

and other educational materials at U.S. medical institutions that will increase the overall knowledge and skills 

of medical students, house staff, and other professionals 

on the ethnic, cultural, religious, socioecomic, and linguistic factors that contribute to health disparities and on 

culturally competent approaches to mitigate them. 

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping Centers

The purpose of this RFP is to establish high-volume 

DNA resequencing and genotyping centers to discover 

and type DNA variations needed to elucidate genomic 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

58

components involved in the cause, variable outcome, and 

progression of heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders.

Interrelationships of Sleep, Fatigue, and HIV/AIDS

The purpose of this RFA is to elucidate the etiology of 

sleep disturbances and fatigue associated with HIV and 

AIDS. Research findings will be used to develop 

approaches to improve sleep and quality of life in 

patients with HIV and will contribute to our understanding of the relationship between sleep and chronic 

diseases.

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development 

Award (K25)

The purpose of this PA is to support the career development of investigators with quantitative scientific and 

engineering backgrounds outside biology or medicine 

who have made a commitment to focus their research 

endeavors on behavioral or biomedical research.

NHLBI Exploratory and Developmental Research 

Grants for Investigations in Rare Diseases

The purpose of this PA is to encourage new exploratory and developmental research to understand, treat, 

and prevent rare diseases in areas of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders. The R21 awards will 

enable investigators to test innovative ideas without the 

need for substantial preliminary data.

Overweight and Obesity Control at Worksites

 The purpose of this RFA is to assess the effectiveness of worksite interventions for preventing or controlling overweight and obesity in adults. Environmental 

approaches include programs and policies that increase 

physical activity during and after work hours and that 

improve diet by offering healthier, lower-calorie foods in 

cafeterias and vending machines. The study population 

will consist of employees of varying socioeconomic status and from diverse racial/ethnic groups. 

Trans-NIH

Initiative Being Renewed

Immune Tolerance: Innovative Grants

The purpose of this renewal is to support high-risk, 

novel, or speculative research on molecular mechanisms 

and applications of antigen-specific immune tolerance. 

Scientists will investigate selective long-term inactivation of immune responses—a promising approach for the 

treatment of allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and 

transplant rejection.

New Initiatives

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research

The purpose of this PA is to provide investigators with 

the opportunity to acquire new research capabilities in 

the use of human or animal embryonic, adult, or cord 

blood stem cells.

Progression of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 

Diabetes

The purpose of this RFA is to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the development of accelerated CVD 

in type 1 diabetes. Areas of interest include the vascular 

wall, endothelial dysfunction, and the role of inflammation and the immune system in the onset and progression 

of cardiovascular complications in type 1 diabetes.

Interagency

New Initiatives

Cellular and Molecular Imaging of the Cardiovascular, 

Pulmonary, and Hematopoietic Systems

The purpose of this RFA is to develop in vivo 

molecular and cellular imaging methods to image the 

cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematopoietic systems. 

Specifically, the goals are to detect and quantify the 

cellular pathways that regulate heart, lung, and blood 

function and the abnormalities in these pathways that 

lead to disease and to develop methods for cell tracking 

to monitor the movement and location of specific cell 

populations in vivo for application in cell-based 

therapeutics.

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcomes

The purpose of this RFA is to establish a clinical 

research consortium to conduct collaborative trials that 

will facilitate the rapid translation of promising scientific 

and clinical advances to improve resuscitation outcomes 

in patients who experience cardiopulmonary or traumatic 

arrest leading to cardiopulmonary collapse.

Exploratory/Developmental Bioengineering Research 

Grants

The purpose of this PA is to encourage high-risk, highimpact bioengineering research in new areas that lack 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

59

preliminary testing or development and fall within the 

purview of the NHLBI.

Hypovolemic Circulatory Collapse: Mechanisms and 

Opportunities To Improve Resuscitation Outcomes

The purpose of this RFA is to improve resuscitation 

outcomes from severe blood volume loss (hypovolemia) 

and subsequent irreversible and fatal circulatory collapse. Research will focus on identifying the molecular, 

cellular, and pathophysiologic response of the whole 

organism to hypovolemia and translating research findings into innovative approaches for out-of-hospital 

resuscitation following severe trauma and hemorrhage.

Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Resource 

Infrastructure Enhancement Award

The purpose of this PA is to enhance the availability of 

human embryonic stem cells (hESC) for preclinical 

investigations. Studies will address the expansion, testing, quality assurance, cryopreservation, and distribution 

of the existing hESC lines that are registered in the NIH 

Human Embryonic Stem Cell Registry and approved for 

Federal Government-supported research.

Inflammation and Thrombosis

The purpose of this RFA is to identify molecular targets and develop new therapeutic agents for better management of thrombotic disorders such as heart attack, 

stroke, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. 

Research will focus on molecular and cellular interactions between the hemostatic and inflammatory systems 

to identify novel therapeutic agents for preclinical 

studies.

NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

61

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council

Structure

Chair: Barbara M. Alving, M.D., Acting 

Director, NHLBI

Executive Secretary: Deborah P. Beebe, Ph.D., 

Director, Division of Extramural Affairs, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–435–0260

The Secretary of Health and Human Services 

(HHS) appoints 18 members: 12 members are 

leading representatives of the health and scientific 

disciplines (including public health and behavioral 

or social sciences), and 6 are from the general public 

and are leaders in the fields of public policy, law, 

health policy, economics, and management.

Members are appointed for overlapping terms of 

4 years.

The Council includes the following ex officio 

members:

• Secretary, HHS

• Director, NIH

• Director, NHLBI

• Chief Medical Director, or Designee, Veterans 

Affairs

• Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health 

Affairs, or Designee.

Functions

The NHLBAC reviews applications for research 

grants, cooperative agreements, and training grants 

in heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; 

sleep disorders; and blood resources, and recommends scientific projects that merit support to the 

Director, NHLBI.

The Council advises the Secretary, HHS, the 

Assistant Secretary for Health, HHS, and the Directors, NIH and NHLBI, on matters relating to causes, 

prevention, and methods of diagnosis and treatment 

of diseases and resources within the purview of the 

Institute. As stated in its charter, the Council also 

“may review any grant, contract, or cooperative 

agreement proposed to be made or entered into by 

the Institute; may make recommendations to the 

Director of the Institute respecting research conducted at the Institute; may collect, by correspondence or by personal investigation, information as to 

studies that are being carried on in the United States 

or any other country with respect to the cause, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of heart, blood 

vessel, lung, and blood diseases, and to the use of 

blood and blood products and the management of 

blood resources and with the approval of the Director of the Institute, make available such information 

through appropriate publications for the benefit of 

public and private health entities and health professions personnel and scientists and for the information of the general public; and may appoint 

subcommittees and convene workshops and 

conferences.” 

The Council may also make recommendations to 

the Director, NIH and other authorized officials 

regarding the acceptance of conditional gifts pursuant to section 2501 of the Public Health Service Act.

Meetings

The Chair convenes meetings not fewer than four 

times a year and approves the agenda.

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

62

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council Membership*

Barbara M. Alving, M.D. 

Chair 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Melissa A. Austin, Ph.D. (2004)

University of Washington

Gordon R. Bernard, M.D. (2006)

Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Roberto Bolli, M.D. (2007)

University of Louisville

Richard C. Boucher, Jr., M.D. (2007)

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Carolyne Sue Byrnes (2004)

LAM Foundation

Maria R. Costanzo, M.D. (2006)

Edward Cardiovascular Institute

Mary H. Deer, R.N. (2007)

National Indian Women’s Health Resource Center

Jeffrey M. Drazen, M.D. (2004)

New England Journal of Medicine

Kim A. Eagle, M.D. (2006)

University of Michigan

Frances C. Henderson, Ed.D. (2006)

Alcorn State University

Robert F. Lemanske, Jr., M.D. (2007)

University of Wisconsin Hospital

Robert J. Mason, M.D. (2005)

University of Colorado

Jane W. Newburger, M.D. (2005)

Children’s Hospital Boston

Ngai X. Nguyen, M.D. (2006)

Private Practitioner

Ananda S. Prasad, M.D., Ph.D (2004)

Wayne State University

George Thomas, M.D. (2005)

Bradenton Cardiology Center 

Pearl T. Toy, M.D. (2004)

University of California, San Francisco

Linda V. Van Horn, Ph.D. (2005)

Northwestern University Medical School

Ex Officio Members

Arn H. Eliasson, M.D. 

Walter Reed Army Medical Center

Robert C. Jesse, M.D.

McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Tommy G. Thompson 

Department of Health and Human Services

Elias A. Zerhouni, Jr., M.D. 

National Institutes of Health 

* Current as of October 2004. The current roster, containing full addresses for the NHLBI Advisory Council and Committees, can be 

obtained from the Internet at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/nhlbac/roster.htm. 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

63

Program Advisory and Review Committee

Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee

Chair: Theodore Wun, M.D., University of 

California, Davis Cancer Center

Executive Secretary: Charles M. Peterson, M.D., 

Director, Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, 

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 

20892; 301–435–0080

The Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee advises 

the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HHS and the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the 

DBDR on matters related to the Sickle Cell Disease 

Program and makes recommendations concerning 

planning, execution, and evaluation of all aspects of the 

program.

Membership*

Gilda A. Barabino, Ph.D. (2004) 

Northeastern University

Oswaldo Castro, M.D. (2004) 

Howard University

Michael R. DeBaun, M.D. (2007) 

Washington University School of Medicine

Paul S. Frenette, M.D. (2007) 

Mount Sinai Medical Center

Johnson Haynes, Jr., M.D. (2007) 

University of South Alabama College of Medicine

J. Hoxi Jones (2004) 

Texas Department of Human Services

Dorothy Moore, M.D. (2007) 

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey

Russell E. Ware, M.D. (2006)

Duke University Medical Center

Ex Officio Members

Joseph Desimone, Ph.D. 

Department of Veterans Administration, Chicago

William H. Hannon, Ph.D. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

Marie Y. Mann, M.D. 

Health Resources and Services Administration

Robert L. Sheffler, M.D. 

Brooke Army Medical Center

Elias A. Zerhouni, Jr., M.D.

National Institutes of Health

Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board

Chair: Stuart F. Quan, M.D., University of Arizona 

College of Medicine

Executive Secretary: Carl E. Hunt, M.D., Director, 

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–435–0199

The Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board advises 

the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the National 

Center on Sleep Disorders Research on matters related to 

the scientific activities carried out by and through the 

Center and policies regarding such activities, including 

the identification of research priorities for coordination 

of sleep and sleep disorders research by the NIH and 

other Federal, professional, and voluntary organizations.

Membership*

Sarah J. Caddick, Ph.D. (2005)

Wadsworth Foundation

Sheila C. Connolly, R.N. (2007)

Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation

Elizabeth M. Johns (2008)

Patient Advocate for Sleep-Disordered Breathing

* Current as of October 2004. 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

64

Kathryn A. Lee, Ph.D. (2006)

University of California, San Francisco

Rafael Pelayo, M.D. (2006)

Stanford University

Gina R. Poe, Ph.D. (2007)

University of Michigan Medical Center

Susan Redline, M.D. (2006)

Case Western Reserve University

Clifford B. Saper, M.D., Ph.D. (2005)

Harvard Medical School

Michael J. Sateia, M.D. (2006)

Dartmouth Medical School

Michael H. Smolensky, Ph.D. (2008)

University of Texas

Lorraine L. Wearley, Ph.D. (2007)

Johnson & Johnson

Ex Officio Members

Barbara M. Alving, M.D.

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health

Cristina Beato, M.D.

Department of Health and Human Services

Colonel Gregory Belenky, M.D.

Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

Robert W. Greene, M.D., Ph.D.

Veterans Administration Medical Center 

Carl E. Hunt, M.D.

NCSDR, National Institutes of Health

Israel Lederhendler, Ph.D.

NIMH, National Institutes of Health

Merrill M. Mitler, Ph.D.

NINDS, National Institutes of Health

Andrew Monjan, Ph.D., M.P.H. 

NIA, National Institutes of Health

Marian Willinger, Ph.D.

NICHD, National Institutes of Health

Elias A. Zerhouni, Jr., M.D.

National Institutes of Health

Heart, Lung, and Blood Initial Review Group

Scientific Review Administrator: Jeffery H. Hurst, 

Ph.D., Health Science Administrator, Division of 

Extramural Affairs, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0303

The Heart, Lung, and Blood Initial Review Group 

provides initial technical merit review for the NHLBAC 

and the Director, NHLBI. This group consists of two 

subcommittees: the Heart, Lung, and Blood Program 

Project Review Committee and the Clinical Trials 

Review Committee.

Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review 

Committee

Chair: Joe G. Garcia, M.D., The Johns Hopkins 

University 

Scientific Review Administrator: Jeffery H. Hurst, 

Ph.D., Health Scientist Administrator, Division of 

Extramural Affairs, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0303

The Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review 

Committee provides initial technical merit review for the 

NHLBAC and the Director, NHLBI on program project 

applications proposing research in the areas of heart, 

lung, and blood diseases and resources.

Membership*

Louis J. Dell’Italia, M.D. (2008)

University of Alabama

Jeffrey J. Fredberg, Ph.D. (2006)

Harvard University

* Current as of October 2004. 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

65

Kathy K. Griendling, Ph.D. (2008)

Emory University

Joseph R. Haywood, Ph.D. (2007)

Michigan State University

Cheryl A. Hillery, M.D. (2005)

The Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin

Timothy T. Hla, Ph.D. (2008)

University of Connecticut School of Medicine

K. J. Koa, M.D., Ph.D. (2005)

Synpac North Carolina

Renee C. LeBoeuf, Ph.D. (2007)

University of Washington

Brooke T. Mossman, Ph.D. (2006)

University of Vermont

Jose M. Ordovas, Ph.D. (2007)

Tufts University

Donna Przepiorka, M.D., Ph.D. (2007)

University of Tennessee

Howard A. Rockman, M.D. (2008)

Duke University Medical Center

Roy L. Silverstein, M.D. (2006)

Cornell University

Julian Solway, M.D. (2006)

University of Chicago

Kurt R. Stenmark, M.D. (2005)

University of Colorado Health Sciences

 Center

Michiko Watanabe, Ph.D. (2006)

Case Western Reserve University

Clinical Trials Review Committee

Chair: James E. Fish, M.D., Aventis Pharmaceuticals

Scientific Review Administrator: Patricia A. 

Haggerty, Ph.D., Health Science Administrator, Division 

of Extramural Affairs, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0288

The Clinical Trials Review Committee provides initial 

technical merit review for the National Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Advisory Council and the Director of the NHLBI 

on clinical trial applications for the support of studies to 

evaluate preventive or therapeutic measures of blood, 

cardiovascular, or lung diseases.

Membership*

Shelly L. Carter, Sc.D. (2006)

The EMMES Corporation

John E. Connett, Ph.D. (2007)

University of Minnesota

Robert M. Elashoff, Ph.D. (2007)

University of California, Los Angeles

John M. Fontaine, M.D. (2005)

Hahnemann University

Judith S. Hochman, M.D. (2006)

Columbia University

Marilyn J. Manco-Johnson, M.D. (2005)

University of Colorado Health Sciences Center

Ileana L. Pina, M.D. (2007)

Case Western Reserve University

Lynda H. Powell, Ph.D. (2007)

Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center

David M. Reboussin, Ph.D. (2006)

Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Marilyn J. Telen, M.D. (2005)

Duke University Medical Center

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Special Emphasis Panel

The Institute has established the NHLBI SEP to 

perform initial peer review of applications and proposals 

that were previously handled by ad hoc committees. 

Concept review, previously handled by divisional 

program advisory committees, has also been 

* Current as of October 2004. 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

66

incorporated into the SEP system. The SEP, which has 

neither a fixed membership nor a set meeting schedule, is 

constituted to provide required peer review expertise at 

precisely the time that it is needed.

Board of Scientific Counselors

Chair: Pamela B. Davis, M.D., Case Western 

Reserve University

Executive Secretary: Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D., 

Director, Laboratory Research Program, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–496–2116

The Board of Scientific Counselors advises the 

Director and the Deputy Director for Intramural 

Research, NIH, and the Directors of NHLBI and the 

Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, on the 

intramural research programs of the NHLBI.

Membership*

Ivor J. Benjamin, M.D. (2007)

University of Utah Health Sciences Center

Nancy Berliner, M.D. (2007)

Yale University

Nelson J. Chao, M.D. (2006)

Duke University Medical Center

Kevin J. Foskett, Ph.D. (2005)

University of Pennsylvania

Sally E. Wenzel-Morganroth, M.D. (2007)

National Jewish and Medical Research Center

Edwin W. Taylor (2008)

University of Chicago

Stephen G. Young, M.D. (2005)

University of California, San Francisco

* Current as of October 2004. 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

67

NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004

* Excludes funds provided by other agencies by means of a reimbursable agreement.

† Includes $71,530 for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants/Small Business Technology Transfer Grants (STTR).

‡ Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

§ Excludes OD and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.

NHLBI Total Obligations NHLBI Extramural NHLBI Extramural

by Budget Category Obligations by Program Obligations by Division

* Includes Heart and Vascular Diseases and Epidemiology and Clinical Applications.

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars*

(Thousands)

Percent of Total 

NHLBI Budget

Research Project Grants† $2,003,769 69.5%

SCORs/SCCORs 116,945 4.1

Sickle Cell Centers 21,010 0.7

Centers for AIDS Research 2,645 0.1

Other Research Grants 112,785 3.9

Research Careers Programs‡ 67,794 2.4

Training Programs 87,192 3.0

Research and Development Contracts 285,472 9.9

Intramural Laboratory and Clinical Research 164,244 5.7

Research Management and Support§ 88,539 3.1

Research Facilities Construction Grants — —

Total Obligations $2,882,601 100%

For detailed data on FY 2004:

• Research grants, see Chapters 9 and 11

• Research and development contracts, see Chapters 10 and 11

• Research training and career development, see Chapter 13

• Geographic distribution of awards, see Chapter 14.

7. Fiscal Year 2004 Budget Overview

Heart and 

Vascular 

Diseases

47.3%

Lung 

Diseases

20.7%

Blood 

Diseases and 

Resources

16.3%

Epidemiology 

and Clinical 

Applications

11.5%

Sleep 

Disorders 

Research

2.0%

Women's 

Health 

Initiative

2.2% Blood 

Diseases and 

Resources

16.3%

Lung 

Diseases

20.7%

Sleep 

Disorders 

Research

2.0%

Heart and

Vascular 

Diseases*

58.8%

Women's 

Health 

Initiative

2.2%

Women's 

Health 

Initiative

2.0%

Heart and 

Vascular 

Diseases*

53.6%

Sleep 

Disorders 

Research

1.8%

Research 

Management 

Support

3.1% Lung 

Diseases

18.9%

Intramural 

Laboratory 

and Clinical 

Research

5.7%

Blood 

Diseases and 

Resources

14.9%
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

68

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2004

* Includes Heart and Vascular Diseases and Epidemiology and Clinical Applications.

NHLBI Heart and Vascular Diseases Program*

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004

* Includes Heart and Vascular Diseases only.

† Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

NHLBI Epidemiology and Clinical Applications Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

 Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Program

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of NHLBI 

Extramural Budget

Heart and Vascular Diseases* $1,545,774 58.8%

Lung Diseases 544,066 20.7

Blood Diseases and Resources 429,219 16.3

Sleep Disorders Research 51,921 2.0

Women’s Health Initiative 58,838 2.2

Total, Extramural Obligations $2,629,818 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $1,007,940 81.1%

SCORs/SCCORs 49,818 4.0

Other Research Grants 35,306 2.8

Research Career Programs† 24,045 1.9

Training Programs 43,501 3.5

Research and Development Contracts 105,961 8.5

Total, Heart and Vascular Diseases $1,242,526 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $205,425 67.7%

SCORs/SCCORs — —

Other Research Grants 11,069 3.7

Research Career Programs* 9,634 3.2

Training Programs 5,671 1.9

Research and Development Contracts 81,083 26.7

Total, Epidemiology and Clinical Applications $303,248 100%
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

69

NHLBI Lung Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research Program

Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $419,698 77.1%

SCORs/SCCORs 43,686 8.0

Other Research Grants 45,073 8.3

Research Career Programs* 21,404 3.9

Training Programs 21,479 3.9

Research and Development Contracts 14,130 2.6

Total, Lung Diseases $544,066 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $328,155 76.5%

SCORs/SCCORs 17,369 4.0

Sickle Cell Centers 21,010 4.9

Centers for AIDS Research 2,645 0.6

Other Research Grants 19,731 4.6

Research Career Programs* 11,128 2.6

Training Programs 14,849 3.5

Research and Development Contracts 25,460 5.9

Total, Blood Diseases and Resources Program $429,219 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $42,551 82.0%

SCORs/SCCORs 6,072 11.7

Other Research Grants 1,606 3.1

Research Career Programs* 1,583 3.0

Training Programs 1,692 3.3

Research and Development Contracts — —

Total, Sleep Disorders Research $51,921 100%
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Chapter 7. Budget Overview

70

Women’s Health Initiative

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $ — — %

SCORs/SCCORs — —

Other Research Grants — —

Research Career Programs* — —

Training Programs — —

Research and Development Contracts 58,838 100

Total, Women’s Health Initiative $58,838 100%
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

71

 Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2004 

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal 

Year

Budget Estimate to 

Congress

House 

Allowance

Senate 

Allowance Appropriation Obligations

Cumulative Fiscal 

Year Obligations

1950 $ 34,630 $ 11,575 $ 29,117 $ 16,075 $ 15,768 $ 15,768

1951 8,800 8,800 9,400 9,400 8,497 24,265

1952 10,237 10,074 10,156 10,083 9,850 34,115

1953 9,779 9,623 12,000 12,000 11,398 45,513

1954 11,040 12,000 15,418 15,168 14,952 60,465

1955 14,570 16,168 17,168 16,668 16,595 77,060

1956 17,454 17,398 23,976 18,808 18,838 95,898

1957 22,106 25,106 33,396 33,396 32,392 128,290

1958 33,436 33,436 38,784 35,936 35,973 164,263

1959 34,820 36,212 49,529 45,613 45,468 209,731

1960 45,594 52,744 89,500 62,237 61,565 271,296

1961 63,162 71,762 125,166 86,900 86,239 357,535

1962 97,073 105,723 160,000 132,912 110,849 468,384

1963 126,898 143,398 149,498 147,398 120,597 588,981

1964 130,108 129,325 130,545 132,404 117,551 706,532

1965 125,640 124,521 125,171 124,824 124,412 830,944

1966 141,412 146,212 143,462 141,462 141,171 972,115

1967 148,407 154,770 164,770 164,770 164,342 1,136,457

1968 167,954 167,954 177,954 167,954 162,134 1,298,591

1969 169,735 164,120 172,120 166,928 161,834 1,460,425

1970 160,513 160,513 182,000 171,257 160,433 1,620,858

1971 171,747 178,479 203,479 194,901 194,826 1,815,684

1972 195,492 211,624 252,590 232,627 232,577 2,048,261

1973 255,280 300,000 350,000 300,000 255,722 2,303,983

1974 265,000 281,415 320,000 302,915 327,270 2,631,253

1975 309,299 321,196 330,000 327,996 327,953 2,959,206

1976 324,934 329,079 379,059 370,096 368,648 3,327,854

TQA 59,715 58,015 58,015 58,763 60,639 3,388,493

1977 342,855 380,661 420,661 396,661 396,857 3,785,350

1978 403,642 432,642 456,000 447,901 447,968 4,233,318

1979 454,336 485,584 485,584 510,134 510,080 4,743,398

1980 507,344 527,544 527,544 527,544 527,248 5,270,646

1981 532,799 560,264 565,264 549,693 550,072 5,820,718

1982 579,602 583,831 587,741 559,637 559,800 6,380,518

1983 577,143 620,947 624,542 624,259 624,260 7,004,778

1984 639,774 665,859 683,489 704,939 705,064 7,709,842

1985 718,852 764,135 807,149 805,269 803,810 8,513,652

1986 775,254 856,388 863,652 859,239 821,901 9,335,553

1987 785,697 921,410 921,502 930,001 929,982 10,265,535

1988 821,887 990,808 1,000,349 965,536 965,283 11,230,818

1989 1,054,503 1,018,983 1,056,003 1,045,985 1,045,508 12,276,326

1990 1,039,846 1,090,930 1,091,597 1,072,354 1,070,683 13,347,009

1991 1,112,502 1,135,589 1,137,235 1,126,942 1,125,915 14,472,924

1992 1,209,924 1,202,398 1,190,396 1,191,500 1,190,070 15,662,994

1993 1,245,396 1,228,455 1,228,455 1,214,693 1,214,693 16,877,687

1994 1,198,402 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,852 18,155,539

1995 1,266,961 1,259,590 1,259,590 1,258,472 1,314,969 19,470,508

1996 1,337,021 1,355,866 1,320,254B 1,355,866 1,351,422C 20,821,930

1997 1,320,555D 1,438,265 1,344,742D 1,432,529E 1,431,821 22,253,751

1998 1,467,189 1,513,004 1,531,898 1,531,061F 1,526,276 23,780,027

1999 1,709,328G 1,720,344 1,793,697 1,793,697F 1,788,008 25,568,035

2000 1,759,806 1,937,404 2,001,185 2,040,291 2,027,286 27,595,321

2001 2,069,582 2,328,102 2,328,105 2,299,866 2,298,035 29,893,356

2002 2,567,429 2,547,675 2,618,966 2,576,125I 2,569,794 32,463,150

2003 2,791,411 2,812,011 2,818,684 2,812,011J 2,793,681 35,256,831

2004 2,867,995 2,867,995 2,897,595 2,882,715 2,882,601 38,139,432

8. Long-Term Trends

A TQ=Transition Quarter, July 1–September 30, 1976.

B Senate Allowance reflects the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission 

and the HHS rescission.

C Obligations reflect the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission, the 

HHS rescission, and a transfer to other NIH Institutes through the NIH Director’s 

1 percent transfer authority.

D Excludes funds for AIDS research activities consolidated in the NIH Office of 

AIDS Research (OAR).

E Excludes enacted administrative reduction.

F Excludes Director transfer, Secretary transfer, and rescission.

G Includes Bioterrorism reduction.

H Excludes Office of Human Research Protection transfer, Secretary 

transfer, and rescission.

I Excludes Government-wide rescission, Labor/HHS/Education rescission, from 

HHS to OMB rescission, and Secretary 1 percent transfer.

J Excludes Government-wide rescission.

K Includes Roadmap adjustments.

H

F

K
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

72

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Current Dollars

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Constant 1994 Dollars

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Total

Heart

Lung

Blood

Sleep Disorders

Research

Women’s Health Initiative

Intramural Research

Research Management

and Support

Dollars in Millions

Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Sleep Disorders

Research

Women’s Health

Initiative

Intramural

Research

Research Management

and Support 

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Total

Heart

Lung

Blood

Sleep Disorders

Research

Women’s Health Initiative

Intramural Research

Research Management

and Support

Dollars in Millions

Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Sleep Disorders

Research

Women’s Health

Initiative

Intramural

Research

Research Management

and Support 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

73

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

This table is based on the Biomedical Research & Development Price Index through 2003.

Current Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Extramural Research

Heart $ 651.7 $ 668.9 $ 692.8 $ 737.9 $ 795.6 $ 898.0 $1,058.0 $1,186.6 $1,353.4 $1,475.6 $1,545.9

Lung 238.7 243.0 261.9 273.4 281.7 346.2 380.4 444.0 490.5 541.1 544.1

Blood 227.4 244.6 224.3 242.7 257.5 266.1 305.9 364.0 396.0 419.3 429.2

Sleep Disorders 

Research

— — 15.9 18.7 22.3 31.2 35.1 37.0 44.7 49.4 51.9

Women’s Health 

Initiative

— — — — — 63.1 57.7 59.2 59.0 63.2 58.8

Intramural Research 101.7 98.9 101.8 104.4 111.6 119.5 122.3 133.7 146.7 157.8 164.2

Research Management 

and Support

58.4 59.5 54.8 54.6 57.6 63.9 67.9 73.5 79.4 87.3 88.5

Total $1,277.9 $1,314.9 $1,351.5 $1,431.7 $1,526.3 $1,788.0 $2,027.3 $2,298.0 $2,569.8 $2,793.7 $2,882.6

Constant 1994 Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Extramural Research

Heart $ 627.2 $ 646.5 $ 652.9 $ 676.6 $ 705.6 $ 768.0 $ 867.3 $ 933.5 $ 1,027.6 $1,070.6 $1,080.6

Lung 229.7 234.9 246.8 250.7 249.8 296.1 311.8 349.3 372.4 392.6 380.3

Blood 218.9 236.4 211.4 222.5 228.4 227.6 250.8 286.4 300.7 304.2 300.0

Sleep Disorders 

Research

— — 15.0 17.1 19.8 26.7 28.8 29.1 33.9 35.8 36.3

Women’s Health 

Initiative

— — — — — 54.0 47.3 46.6 44.8 45.9 41.1

Intramural Research 97.9 95.6 95.9 95.7 99.0 102.2 100.3 105.2 111.4 114.5 114.8

Research Management 

and Support

56.2 57.5 51.6 50.1 51.1 54.7 55.7 57.8 60.3 63.3 61.9

Total $1,229.9 $1,270.9 $1,273.6 $1,312.7 $1,353.7 $1,529.3 $1,662.0 $1,807.9 $1,951.1 $2,026.9 $2,015.0
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

74

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

* Includes Research Career Programs.

† Excludes Office of the Director and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

* Full-time equivalents.

Current Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Research Grants* $ 951.2 $ 982.6 $1,025.4 $1,100.9 $1,189.8 $1,346.6 $1,570.5 $1,796.9 $2,006.2 $2,172.3 $2,257.3

Research and Development (R&D) Contracts118.3 125.9 120.9 121.9 116.7 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5

Training Programs 48.3 48.0 48.5 49.8 50.6 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.1

Intramural Research and 

Research Management 

and Support†

160.1 158.4 156.6 159.1 169.2 183.4 190.1 207.3 226.1 245.1 252.7

Total $1,277.9 $1,314.9 $1,351.4 $1,431.7 $1,526.3 $1,788.0 $2,027.3 $2,298.0 $2,569.8 $2,793.7 $2,882.6

Fiscal Year

Staff 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

FTEs* 854 822 834 829 840 847 865 868 880 880 861

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Research Grants

Research and

Development (R&D)

Contracts

Training Programs

Intramural Research

and Research

Management and

Support (RMS)+

Dollars in Millions

Year

Research Grants

Research and

Development (R&D)

Contracts

Training Programs

Intramural Research

and Research

Management and

Support 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

75

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

* Includes Research Career Programs.

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 1994–2004

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Investigator-Initiated

Grants*

Institute-Initiated

Aw ards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)

Percent of Extramural Funds

Investigator-Initiated

Grants*

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)

Year

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Institute-Initiated

Aw ards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)

Grants

R&D Contracts

Percent of Extramural Funds

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)

Grants

R&D Contracts

Year
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

76

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

* Includes all R18s.

† Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs), and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.

‡ Numbers do not add to subtotal because line-items exclude NIH assessments.

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

* Includes all R18s.

† Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs), and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.

‡ Numbers do not add to subtotal because line-items exclude NIH assessments.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* $ 669.7 $ 725.0 $ 815.5 $ 835.3 $ 930.5 $1,023.6 $1,188.6 $1,388.8 $1,521.4 $1,616.1 $1,716.8

Research Career Programs 25.1 25.7 28.9 28.9 36.1 46.3 53.0 57.5 63.5 65.8 67.8

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards 694.8 750.7 844.4 864.2 966.6 1,069.9 1,241.6 1,446.3 1,584.9 1,681.9 1,784.6

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 226.4 231.9 216.8 236.8 223.2 276.7 328.9 350.7 421.3 490.4 472.5

 Centers† 101.5 107.0 87.5 87.7 114.4 119.9 123.8 127.2 128.2 138.9 140.6

R&D Contracts (RFP) 118.3 125.9 116.7 121.9 116.7 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated 

Awards 344.7 357.8 333.5 358.7 339.9 473.9 530.2 570.8 679.6 780.9 758.0

Training

Individual Awards 7.2 7.1 7.3 6.8 7.6 9.2 8.9 8.9 9.5 8.6 8.8

Institutional Awards 40.0 40.0 40.2 42.0 42.0 50.3 55.2 63.4 69.7 75.5 76.6

Subtotal, Training‡ 48.2 48.0 48.5 49.8 50.6 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.2

Total, Extramural $1,087.7 $1,156.5 $1,226.4 $1,272.7 $1,357.1 $1,604.6 $1,837.2 $2,090.8 $2,343.7 $2,548.6 $2,629.8

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* 61.6% 62.7% 66.5% 65.6% 68.6% 63.8% 64.7% 66.4% 64.9% 63.4% 65.3%

Research Career Programs 

(K04, K06)

2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards

63.9 64.9 68.9 67.9 71.2 66.7 67.6 69.2 67.6 66.0 67.9

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 20.8 20.1 17.7 18.6 16.4 17.2 17.9 16.8 18.0 19.2 18.0

 Centers† 9.3 9.3 7.1 6.9 8.4 7.5 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.5 5.3

R&D Contracts (RFP) 10.9 10.9 9.5 9.6 8.6 12.3 11.0 10.5 11.0 11.4 10.9

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated Awards 31.7 30.9 27.2 28.2 25.0 29.5 28.9 27.3 29.0 30.6 28.8

Training

Individual Awards 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

Institutional Awards 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9

Subtotal, Training‡ 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

77

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Research Grants* $ 849.7 $ 875.7 $ 918.7 $ 992.3 $1,075.4 $1,226.7 $1,446.7 $1,669.8 $1,878.0 $2,033.4 $2,116.6

Centers 101.5 107.0 106.7 108.7 114.4 119.9 123.8 127.2 128.2 138.9 140.6

R&D Contracts 118.3 125.9 120.9 121.9 116.7 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5

Research Training 48.2 48.0 48.5 49.8 50.6 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.1

Total, Extramural $1,117.7 $1,156.6 $1,194.8 $1,272.7 $1,357.1 $1,604.6 $1,837.2 $2,090.8 $2,343.7 $2,548.6 $2,629.8

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts 

Research Training

Dollars in Millions

Year
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

78

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Research Grants* 76.0% 75.7% 76.9% 78.0% 79.2% 76.4% 78.7% 79.9% 80.1% 79.8% 80.5%

Centers 9.1 9.3 8.9 8.5 8.4 7.5 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.5 5.3

R&D Contracts 10.6 10.9 10.1 9.6 8.6 12.3 11.0 10.5 11.0 11.4 10.9

Research Training 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2004

Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts 

Research Training

Percent of Extramural Funds
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

79

Other 

Research 

Grants

2.0%

Research 

Career 

Programs

3.0%

Research 

Centers 

Grants

6.4%

Research 

Project 

Grants

88.8%

Research Research

Project Grants

88.8%

Other Research

Grants

2.0%

Research

Centers Grants

6.2%

Research

Career Programs

3.0%

9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2004

NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category

Number of 

Grants

Total Cost 

(Dollars in 

Thousands)

Percent of Total 

NHLBI Research 

Grant Dollars

Research Project Grants (RPGs)

Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs)

Regular Research Grants (R01) 3,572 $1,328,958 58.88%

Small Research Grants (R03) 1 80 0.00

Program Project Grants (P01) 194 361,903 16.03

Cooperative Agreements (U01) 235 185,602 8.22

Area Grants (R15) 19 3,838 0.17

Explorative Developmental Grant (R21) 93 18,165 0.80

Method to Extend Research in Time (R37) 83 32,891 1.46

Exploratory/Developmental Grants Phase II (R33) 2 802 0.04

Subtotal, Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs) 4,199 1,932,239 85.60

Small Business Research Project Grants

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase I) (R41) 37 5,142 0.23

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase II) (R42) 8 2,761 0.12

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase I) (R43) 115 15,239 0.68

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase II) (R44) 115 48,388 2.14

Subtotal, Small Business Research Project Grants 275 71,530 3.17

Subtotal, Research Project Grants 4,474 2,003,769 88.77

Research Center Grants 

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) 58 115,304 5.11

Animal Model and Animal and Biological Material Resource Grants (P40) — 125 0.01

Sickle Cell Centers (U54) 11 21,010 0.93

Center for AIDS Research (P30) — 2,646 0.12

Specialized Centers (Cooperative Agreements) (U54) 1 1,215 0.05

National Swine Research and Resource Center (U42) — 300 0.01

Subtotal, Research Center Grants 70 140,600 6.23

Research Career Programs 

Mentored Research Development Award for Minority Faculty (K01) 46 6,150 0.27

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Award (K01) 6 867 0.04

Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research Ethics (K01) 2 253 0.01

Independent Scientist Award (K02) 31 3,079 0.14

Research Career Award (K06) 1 34 0.00

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) 9 1,516 0.07

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities Academic Award (K07) 8 925 0.04

Clinical Investigator Scientist Award (K08) 229 29,037 1.29

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research (K18) 5 980 0.04

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23) 122 16,216 0.72

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24) 32 3,815 0.17

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (K25) 12 1,622 0.07

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (K30) 55 3,115 0.14

Career Transition Award (K22) 1 185 0.01

Subtotal, Research Career Programs 559 67,794 3.01

Other Research Grants

Cooperative Clinical Research (U10, R10) 26 20,565 0.91

Minority Biomedical Research Support (S06, S14, R25) — 2,806 0.12

Other (R09, R13, R18, R24, R25, T15, U09, U24, UH1) 64 21,620 0.96

Subtotal, Other Research Grants 90 44,991 1.99

Total, NHLBI Research Grants 5,193 $2,257,154 100%
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

80

NHLBI Research Project Grant,* Research Centers Grant, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1994–2004

NHLBI Research Project Grant,* Research Centers Grant, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1994–2004

* Includes R01, R03, U01, P01, R37, R41, R43, and R44; R29 in 1994–2002; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 and R42 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 

beginning in 2001.

† Includes Research Career Programs; excludes General Research Support Grants.

‡ Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessment of $4,435,000.

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Research 

Project 

Grants*

$797,092 $819,674 $ 862,027 $ 935,322 $1,009,152 $1,142,473 $1,356,034 $1,580,751 $1,779,573 $1,920,201 $2,003,769

Research 

Centers 

Grants

101,535 106,980 106,688 108,665 114,397 119,889 123,803 127,232 128,161 138,941 140,600

Other 

Research 

Grants†

52,576 55,974 56,692 56,993 66,234 84,219 90,666 88,958 98,460 113,172 112,785

Total $951,203 $982,628 $1,025,407‡ $1,100,980 $1,189,783 $1,346,581 $1,570,503 $1,796,941 $2,006,194 $2,172,314 $2,257,154

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

2,400

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Research Project Grants

Research Centers Grants

Other Research Grants

Dollars in Millions

Year

†

Research Project Grants*

Research Centers Grants

Other Research Grants
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

81

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications*: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications*: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded

* Includes R01, R03, U01, P01, and R37; R29 in 1994–2002; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

† The number for applications reviewed is based on preliminary data.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004†

Applications Reviewed $715.0 $710.3 $699.2 $802.1 $687.1 $867.1 $809.8 $851.7 $1,221.7 $1,262.5 $1,277.6

Awarded 180.4 207.5 182.1 240.1 252.4 330.4 418.4 424.3 437.4 463.7 477.3

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Applications Review ed

Aw arded

Dollars in Millions

Year

Applications Reviewed

Awarded
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

82

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications*: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Number Reviewed and Awarded

Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded

* Includes R01, R03, U01, P01, and R37; R29 in 1994–2002; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

† The number of applications reviewed is based on preliminary data.

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004†

Applications Reviewed 2,801 2,744 2,605 2,771 2,657 2,704 2,893 2,895 3,064 3,098 3,548

RPGs Awarded 655 740 652 821 837 959 1,003 1,033 1,018 1,064 1,034

Success Rate (percent) 23.4 27.0 25.0 29.6 31.5 35.5 34.7 35.7 33.2 34.3 29.1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Percent

Year

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Review ed

Aw arded

Reviewed

Awarded

Number of Applications

Year

Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate)
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

83

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

* Includes R01, R03, U01, P01, R37, R41, R43, and R44; R29 in 1994–2002; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 and R42 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and 

R33 beginning in 2001.

† Includes Centers Grants and Cooperative Agreement RFAs. 

‡ Excludes Program Evaluation Assessment of $4,435,000.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Investigator-Initiated* $724.8 $750.7 $ 804.1 $ 867.9 $ 966.6 $1,069.9 $1,241.6 $1,446.2 $1,584.9 $1,681.9 $1,773.4

Institute-Initiated† 226.4 231.9 216.8 233.0 223.2 276.7 328.9 350.7 421.3 490.4 483.8

Total $951.2 $982.6 $1,020.9‡ $1,100.9 $1,189.8 $1,346.6 $1,570.5 $1,796.9 $2,006.2 $2,172.3 $2,257.2

0

250

500

750

1,000

1,250

1,500

1,750

2,000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Investigator-Initiated

Research Grants

Institute-Initiated

Research Grants

Dollars in Millions

Year

*

†

Investigator-Initiated

Research Grants

Institute-Initiated

Research Grants
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

84

NHLBI Research Project Grants*: Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 1994–2004

* Includes R01, R03, U01, P01, and R37; R29 in 1994–2002; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

Facility and Administrative (F&A)* Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants†: 

Fiscal Years 1994–2004

* Previously called Indirect Cost.

† Includes R01, R03, U01, P01, and R37; R29 in 1994–2002; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

‡ Excludes Program Evaluation Assessment of $1,216,000.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Competing

New Competing $ 99.7 $111.1 $ 90.5 $135.8 $147.5 $ 202.0 $ 266.4 $ 280.0 $ 291.2 $285.5 $290.5

Renewal Competing 79.6 94.5 90.4 104.0 103.9 127.2 152.0 143.9 143.9 177.2 185.5

Competing Supplements 1.1 1.9 1.2 0.3 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.4 2.3 1.0 1.3

Subtotal, Competing 180.4 207.5 182.1 240.1 252.4 330.4 419.3 424.3 437.4 463.7 477.3

Noncompeting

Subtotal, Noncompeting 599.9 588.4 649.9 662.4 721.3 770.6 889.3 1,101.5 1,281.3 1,390.3 1,454.9

Total, Competing and 

Noncompeting $780.3 $795.9 $832.0 $902.5 $973.7 $1,101.0 $1,308.6 $1,525.8 $1,718.7 $1,854.0 $1,932.2

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year Direct Cost F&A Cost† Total Cost

F&A Cost as a 

Percent of Direct Cost

1994 $ 534,374 $ 245,965 $ 780,339 46.0%

1995 543,502 252,423 795,925 46.4

1996 564,219 267,785 832,004 47.5

1997 611,576 290,915 902,491 47.6

1998 660,009 313,765 973,774 47.5

1999 764,198 336,756‡ 1,100,954 44.1

2000 891,244 417,312 1,308,556 46.8

2001 1,045,144 480,673 1,525,817 46.0

2002 1,182,408 536,324 1,718,732 45.4

2003 1,276,819 577,131 1,853,950 45.2

2004 1,385,567 618,202 2,003,769 44.6
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

85

NHLBI Research Project Grants*: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1994–2004

NHLBI Research Project Grants*: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1994–2004

* Includes R01, R03, U01, P01, R37, R41, R43, and R44; R29 in 1994–2002; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 and R42 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and 

R33 beginning in 2001.

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Noncompeting $294.8 $312.8 $317.5 $323.0 $322.6 $323.4 $346.6 $390.7 $418.8 $444.4 $458.7

Competing 275.5 280.4 279.3 292.5 301.6 344.5 418.0 410.8 409.1 406.7 419.7

Total $290.1 $303.7 $308.3 $314.2 $316.9 $329.4 $366.6 $396.1 $416.2 $433.8 $447.9

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Noncompeting

Competing

Total

Dollars in Thousands

Year

Noncompeting

Competing

Total
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

86

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10) Programs

Cooperative Agreements were instituted to support discrete, circumscribed projects in areas of an investigator’s specific 

interest and competency with substantial programmatic participation by the NHLBI during performance of the activity.

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2004

Total FY 2004 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise (ACTION) $ 17,071,082 $ 7,973,471 $ 25,044,553

Atherosclerosis, Plaque, and CVD in Communities — 4,099,685 4,099,685

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics 

(BARI 2D)

27,288,936 8,265,037 35,553,973

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL) — 4,343,389 4,343,389

Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases 1,857,162 969,939 2,827,101

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 3,971,722 742,499 4,714,221

Family Blood Pressure Program 76,405,079 8,433,080 84,838,159

Family Heart Study–Subclinical Atherosclerosis Network (FHS–SCAN) 8,864,463 1,696,913 10,561,376

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaskan Natives (GOCADAN) 7,218,810 652,865 7,871,675

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies (GEMS) 12,698,544 2,399,948 15,098,492

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery 2,215,845 492,411 2,708,256

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial (HAT) 8,999,887 4,263,755 13,263,642

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial Metabolic Enhancement During 

Initial Assessment and Treatment in Emergency Care

— 5,170,411 5,170,411

Interaction of Genes and Environment in Shaping Risk Factors for Heart, 

Lung, Blood, and Sleep Disorders 

25,116,214 10,409,084 35,525,298

Multidisciplinary Study of Right Ventricular Dysplasia 4,778,935 1,473,384 6,252,319

Partnership Programs To Reduce Cardiovascular Health Disparities — 6,468,544 6,468,544

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research Network 13,650,229 4,947,982 18,598,211

Pharmacogenetics Research Network 25,021,286 8,185,611 33,206,897

Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) 1,211,724 1,687,588 2,899,312

Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy 49,160,962 11,979,088 61,140,050

Programs of Genomic Applications (PGAs) for Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases

147,177,847 18,604,345 165,782,192

Resuscitation Outcome Improvement Consortium — 6,886,109 6,886,109

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS) 4,574,684 2,106,653 6,681,337

Strong Heart Study 43,283,445 3,154,859 46,438,304

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) 12,251,409 1,613,238 13,864,647

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) 21,853,035 6,349,902 28,202,937

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM) 3,686,738 4,367,750 8,054,488

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) 4,314,911 1,302,449 5,617,360

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 522,672,949 139,039,989 661,712,938

Lung Diseases

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), Phase II 8,181,429 8,424,129 16,605,558

Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities 12,051,824 5,217,367 17,269,191

Childhood Asthma Management Program–Continuation Study 

(CAMP–CS)/Phase 2

1,489,491 2,043,311 3,532,802

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network 26,106,032 5,292,305 31,398,337

Collaborative Programs in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 21,135,687 5,166,906 26,302,593

COPD Clinical Research Network 6,843,405 6,848,345 13,691,750

Early Antipseudomonal Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis — 1,064,237 1,064,237

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease 6,968,259 1,245,274 8,213,533

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease 6,732,859 903,335 7,636,194

Linkage Study in Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis 2,755,951 714,001 3,469,952

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment 10,847,376 — 10,847,376

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 103,112,313 36,919,210 140,031,523
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

87

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network $ 17,209,287 $ 5,972,521 $ 23,181,808

Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients Undergoing Surgical Hip 

Fracture Repair (FOCUS)

1,639,478 1,795,724 3,435,202

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell Anemia 1,541,037 550,666 2,091,703

Reference Laboratory to Evaluate Therapies for Sickle Cell Disease 1,437,153 409,694 1,846,847

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and Transplantation 3,731,256 1,352,571 5,083,827

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP 2) 13,147,352 2,366,346 15,513,698

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network 8,999,883 2,374,805 11,374,688

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 12,293,630 6,092,846 18,386,476

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 59,999,076 20,915,173 80,914,249

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study (APPLES) 6,244,439 3,109,570 9,354,009

Sleep Heart Health Study 16,631,681 1,477,676 18,109,357

Subtotal, National Center on Sleep Disorders Research 22,876,120 4,587,246 27,463,366

Total, NHLBI Cooperative Agreements $708,660,458 $201,461,618 $910,122,076

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2004

Total FY 2004 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

88

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise 

(ACTION), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this trial is to determine the long-term 

safety and effectiveness of exercise training for patients 

with heart failure. Patients receiving the exercise regimen also will receive standard care and will be compared 

with patients receiving standard care alone. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$7,973,471

Fiscal Years 2002–2003—$17,071,082

Total Funding to Date—$25,044,553

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-063747

2. Case Western Reserve University

Henry Ford Health System 

Detroit, Michigan —HL-064250

3. Oregon Health & Science University

Portland, Oregon —HL-064257

4. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-064264

5. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-064265

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-066461

7. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-066482

8. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-066491

9. Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio —HL-066494

10. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-066497

11. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-066501

12. Boston Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-068973

13. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-068980

Atherosclerosis, Plaque, and CVD in 

Communities, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this study is to identify correlates of 

atherosclerotic plaque characteristics and early changes 

in the vascular wall in a subset of the bi-ethnic Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Investigators will use stored DNA samples to test genomic 

correlates of plaque characteristics and their ability to 

predict coronary heart disease and stroke.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2004—$4,099,685

Total Funding to Date—$4,099,685

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Texas Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-075572

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this trial is to compare alternative 

treatment strategies for managing Type 2 diabetic 

patients with angiographically proven coronary artery 

disease and stable angina or ischemia. Revascularization 

combined with aggressive medical anti-ischemia treatment will be compared to aggressive medical antiischemia treatment alone; simultaneously, researchers 

will determine whether insulin-sensitizing drugs like 

metformin and the glitazones for controlling blood sugar 

levels offer any survival advantage over drugs that 

increase insulin levels. Twenty percent of the patients 

are from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2004—$8,265,037

Fiscal Years 2000–2003—$27,288,936

Total Funding to Date—$35,553,973

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-061744

2. St. Louis University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-061746

3. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-061748

4. University of Vermont

Burlington, Vermont —HL-063804
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

89

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

revascularization of a stenotic renal artery plus medical 

therapy is associated with improved clinical outcomes 

compared with medical therapy alone. Thirty percent of 

the participants will be black.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2004—$4,343,389

Total Funding to Date—$4,343,389

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Medical College of Ohio

Toledo, Ohio —HL-071556

2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072734

3. University of Virginia

Charlottesville, Virginia —HL-072735

4. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072736

 5. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072737

Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this Center is to provide expertise, 

sources, and resources to NHLBI-supported investigators who wish to evaluate viral and nonviral gene transfer strategies in nonhuman primates.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$969,939

Fiscal Years 2001–2003—$1,857,162

Total Funding to Date—$2,827,101

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —HL-069748

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary 

Intervention, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1997

This program, which complements prior NHLBI percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) 

registries and the New Approaches to Coronary Intervention Registry, is evaluating patterns of device usage, 

as well as immediate and follow-up outcomes in patients 

undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary revascularization. Results will provide guidance to the cardiology community in selecting appropriate therapies and in 

designing clinical trials to evaluate competing devices.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$742,499

Fiscal Years 1997–2003—$3,971,722

Total Funding to Date—$4,714,221

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-033292

Family Blood Pressure Program, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1995

The objectives of this program are to identify major 

genes associated with high blood pressure and to investigate the interactions between genetic and environmental 

determinants of hypertension in defined populations, 

many of which consist of specific minority groups. The 

study consists of collaborative networks that share technology, data, skills, biological materials, and population 

resources.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$8,433,080

Fiscal Years 1995–2003—$76,405,079

Total Funding to Date—$84,838,159

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-054457

2. University of Mississippi 

Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HL-054463

3. Mayo Foundation

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-054464

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-054466

5. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-054471

6. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-054472

7. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-054473
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

90

8. University of Texas

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-054481

9. Loyola University Medical Center

Maywood, Illinois —HL-054485

10. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-054495

11. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-054496

12. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-054497

13. Staub Pacific Health Foundation

Health Research Institute

Honolulu, Hawaii —HL-054498

14. University of Texas

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-054504

15. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-054508

16. University of North Carolina

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-054509

17. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-054512

18. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-054526

19. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-054527

20. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-064777

Family Heart Study–Subclinical Atherosclerosis 

Network (FHS–SCAN),* Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2001

The purpose of this program is to examine vascular 

calcification and inflammation in patients who have previously been examined and extensively genotyped by the 

NHLBI Family Heart Study, in order to identify genetic 

factors influencing susceptibility to coronary and aortic 

atherosclerosis and individual variability in the inflammatory response. The study includes approximately 600 

blacks.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$1,696,913

Fiscal Years 2001–2003—$8,864,463

Total Funding to Date—$10,561,376

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of North Carolina

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-067893

2. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-067894

3. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-067895

4. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-067896

5. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-067897

6. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-067898 

7. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-067899

8. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-067900 

9. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-067901

10. University of Texas 

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-067902

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaskan 

Natives (GOCADAN), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2000

The purpose of this study is to document CVD and 

CVD risk factors in approximately 40 extended families 

(1,214 members from villages in Northern Alaska). Scientists seek to identify and characterize genes that contribute to CVD in this unique and understudied 

population.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$652,865

Fiscal Years 2000–2003—$7,218,810

Total Funding to Date—$7,871,675

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. MedStar Research Institute 

Washington, DC —HL-064244

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies 

(GEMS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The objective of this project is to develop and test 

interventions to prevent obesity by decreasing weight 

gain during the high-risk transitional period from pre-

* Formerly called Genetics of Coronary and Aortic Calcification (GENCAC).
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

91

puberty to puberty in black girls who are at risk for 

developing obesity. Phase 1 (developmental and pilot 

studies) was completed in FY 2002. Two sites began 

Phase 2 trials in FY 2003.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$2,399,948

Fiscal Years 2001–2003—$12,698,544

Total Funding to Date—$15,098,492

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Memphis

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-062662

1. Stanford University

Stanford, Califorinia —HL-062663

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine which 

hematocrit level—30 or 20 percent—provides the optimal degree of hemodilution during infant open heart surgery to repair congenital heart defects. Scientists will 

compare the effects of the two hematocrit levels with 

respect to cardiovascular and neurodevelopmental outcomes in the infants during the immediate postoperative 

period and at 1 year of age.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$492,411

Fiscal Years 2000–2003—$2,215,845

Total Funding to Date—$2,708,256

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital, Boston

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-063411

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial 

(HAT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this trial is to compare standard 

response (call 911 and give cardiopulmonary resuscitation) to sudden cardiac arrest to standard response 

augmented with automatic external defibrillator use provided by a spouse or other family member in 7,000 survivors of an anterior wall MI. The primary end point is 

mortality. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$4,263,755

Fiscal Years 2002–2003—$8,999,887

Total Funding to Date—$13,263,642

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Seattle Institute for Cardiac Research 

Seattle, Washington —HL-067972

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial 

Metabolic Enhancement During Initial 

Assessment and Treatment in Emergency Care, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to study the effects of 

early administration of glucose, insulin, and potassium 

(GIK) in reducing mortality in patients from acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients experiencing an ACS 

(including acute MI and unstable angina pectoris) will be 

treated with GIK as soon as possible in prehospital emergency medical service settings (EMS), or immediately 

upon arrival for those presenting to emergency departments (EDs).

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2004—$5,170,411

Total Funding to Date—$5,170,411

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

 1. New England Medical Center Hospitals

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-077821

 2. New England Medical Center Hospitals

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-077823

 3. New England Medical Center Hospitals 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-077826

Interaction of Genes and Environment in 

Shaping Risk Factors for Heart, Lung, Blood, 

and Sleep Disorders, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2002

The purpose of this study is to identify novel genes 

that interact with specific environmental exposures to 

modify risk factors for heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders. The genetic aspects of response to environmental 

change and related biological mechanisms will be studied using short-term, focused interventions in families. 

Subgroups will be identified based on genotype that are 
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92

most likely to benefit from targeted environmental 

changes designed to reduce the development or progression of heart, lung, blood, or sleep diseases. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$10,409,084

Fiscal Years 2002–2003—$25,116,214

Total Funding to Date—$35,525,298

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Tulane University 

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-072507

2. LSU Pennington Biomedical 

Research Center 

Baton Rouge, Louisiana —HL-072510

3. The Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072518

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072524

5. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072525

Multidisciplinary Study of Right Ventricular 

Dysplasia, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this multidisciplinary, multicenter 

study is to investigate the cardiac, clinical, and genetic 

aspects of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 

(ARVD). A North American ARVD registry of patients 

and their families will be established. Researchers seek 

to identify chromosomal loci and specific genetic mutations associated with this disorder.

Obligations 

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$1,473,384

Fiscal Years 2001–2003—$4,778,935

Total Funding to Date—$6,252,319

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-065594

2. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HL-065652

3. University of Rochester

Rochester, New York —HL-065961

Partnership Programs To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The objectives of this study are to improve the provider and patient approaches to treatment of hypertension and diabetes, modify physician related barriers to 

minority enrollment in clinical trials, and improve 

patient adherence to treatment plans.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2004—$6,468,544

Total Funding to Date—$6,468,544

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Bon Secours Hospital Baltimore, Inc.

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-079150

 2. University of Maryland

Baltimore Professional School

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-079151

 3. Queen’s Medical Center

Honolulu, Hawaii —HL-079152

 4. Cooper Green Hospital (Birmingham)

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-079153

 5. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-079156

 6. Denver Health and Hospital Authority

Denver, Colorado —HL-079160

 7. University of Hawaii at Manoa

Honolulu, Hawaii —HL-079163

 8. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-079171

 9. University of Colorado

Health Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-079208

10. Morehouse School of Medicine

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-079214

11. Jackson Hinds Comprehensive

Health Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HL-079378

12. University of Mississippi 

Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HL-079458

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

93

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to establish a network to 

systematically evaluate candidate genes that may influence pharmacologic response to drug treatments for 

arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, and lipid disorders. Investigators seek to identify gene polymorphisms 

capable of predicting drug toxicity and efficacy. One of 

the projects has 50 percent minority participation.

Obligations 

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$8,185,611

Fiscal Years 2001–2003—$25,021,286

Total Funding to Date—$33,206,897

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-065962

2. Children’s Hospital and Research Center

at Oakland

Oakland, California—HL-069757

3. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-069758

Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary 

Strategies (POUNDS LOST), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2003

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of 

four diets low in saturated fat and differing in macronutrient composition on weight loss and its maintenance in 

800 overweight or obese adults. The diet consists of 

moderate fat (35 percent energy) or low fat (20 percent 

energy) with two different protein levels (15 and 25 percent). Approximately 20 percent of the participants will 

be minority.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$1,687,588

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,211,724

Total Funding to Date—$2,899,312

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Harvard School of Public Health

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-073286

Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of these programs is to create an environment that will enable rapid translation of preclinical 

studies in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic 

diseases into human pilot experiments. In addition, the 

programs are offering training at the interface between 

basic science and clinical application. Six national cores 

provide access to specialized services, such as generating 

vectors for clinical use, performing morphologically 

based studies, producing and processing hematopoietic 

stem cells, and performing primate transplantation 

studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2004—$11,979,088

 Fiscal Years 2000–2003—$49,160,962

Total Funding to Date—$61,140,050

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-066947

 2. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-066948

 3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-066949

 4. Weill Medical College

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-066952

 5. Weill Medical College

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-067738

Programs of Genomic Applications (PGAs) for 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2000

The goal of this program is to develop information, 

tools, and resources to link genes to biological function. 

Specifically, researchers seek to identify human genes 

relevant to heart, lung, blood, and sleep functions. In 

addition, the PGAs will establish training programs for 

NHLBI-supported investigators in the use of genomic 

information and technologies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$18,604,345

Fiscal Years 2000–2003—$147,177,847

Total Funding to Date—$165,782,192
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

94

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-066579

 2. Institute for Genomic Research

Rockville, Maryland —HL-066580

 3. Harvard University School of Medicine

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-066582

 4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-066583

 5. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-066600

 6. Jackson Laboratory

Bar Harbor, Maine —HL-066611

 7. Institute for Genomic Research

Rockville, Maryland —HL-066619

 8. J. David Gladstone Institutes

San Francisco, California —HL-066621

 9. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-066642

10. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-066678

11. University of California, Berkley

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-066681

12. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-066682

13. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-066795

14. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-066801

15. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-066804

16. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-066805

17. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-066806

18. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-066880

Resuscitation Outcome Improvement 

Consortium, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to establish a resuscitation research consortium to conduct clinical research in 

the areas of cardiopulmonary arrest and traumatic injury 

leading to arrest. The consortium will enable investigators to conduct multiple collaborative trials to expedite 

the translation of promising scientific and clinical 

advances to improve resuscitation outcomes.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2004—$6,886,109

Total Funding to Date—$6,886,109

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-077863

2. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-077865

3. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-077866

4. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-077867

5. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-077871

6. St. Michael’s Hospital

Toronto, Ontario —HL-077872

7. Oregon Health & Science University

Portland, Oregon —HL-077873

8. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-077881

9. Ottawa Health Research Institute

Ottawa, Ontario —HL-077885

10. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-077887

11. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-077908

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study 

(SANDS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

This study will address the high incidence of cardiovascular disease in a population with a high prevalence 

of diabetes, but relatively low levels of LDL cholesterol 

and blood pressure. It will compare aggressive lowering 

of LDL cholesterol and blood pressure to the usual care 

standard. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$2,106,653

Fiscal Year 2003—$4,574,684

Total Funding to Date—$6,681,337

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. MedStar Research Institute

Washington, DC —HL-067031

Strong Heart Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1988

The objectives of this study are to survey CVD morbidity and mortality rates among three geographically 

diverse groups of American Indians and to estimate their 

levels of CVD risk factors. Phases II and III of the 

cohort study extended surveillance of community mortality and assessed development of CVD and changes in 

CVD risk factors. In Phase III, investigators added a 
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95

substudy of asthma and a pilot family study. The purpose of Phase IV is to enlarge the family study to 120 

families comprising 3,600 members to investigate 

genetic and environmental contributors of CVD.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2004—$3,154,859

Fiscal Years 1988–2003—$43,283,445

Total Funding to Date—$46,438,304

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. MedStar Research Institute

Washington, DC —HL-041642

2. Missouri Breaks Research, Inc.

Timberlake, South Dakota —HL-041652

3. University of Oklahoma

Health Sciences Center

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-041654

4. Southwest Foundation for

Biomedical Research

San Antonio, Texas —HL-065520

5. Weill Medical College of

Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-065521

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this clinical trial is: to determine 

whether CABG plus intensive medical therapy improves 

long-term survival of patients with heart failure and left 

ventricular (LV) dysfunction who have coronary artery 

disease amenable to surgical revascularization, compared to medical therapy alone; and to determine 

whether CABG plus surgical ventricular restoration to a 

more normal LV size improves survival free of subsequent hospitalizations of patients with anterior LV dysfunction, compared to CABG alone.

Obligations:

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$1,613,238

Fiscal Years 2002–2003—$12,251,409

Total Funding to Date—$13,864,647

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Thomas Jefferson University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-069009

2. Mayo Clinic 

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-069010

3. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069011

4. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-069012

5. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069013

6. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069015

7. University of Southern California 

Los Angeles, California —HL-072683

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this multicenter trial is to evaluate the 

effectiveness of two strategies to maintain weight loss 

for 21⁄2 years in approximately 800 overweight or obese 

adults. Individuals who are taking medication for hypertension of dyslipidemia or who are diabetic will enter a 

6-month weight program. Those who lose at least 

9 pounds will be randomized into one of three groups: 

one that provides monthly personal contacts with a 

trained interventionist, primarily by telephone; one that 

provides frequent contacts through an interactive Webbased program; or usual care. Forty percent of the participants will be black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$4,367,750

Fiscal Year 2003—$3,686,738

Total Funding to Date—$8,054,488

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Center for Health Research

Portland, Oregon —HL-068676

2. Duke Hypertensive Center

Durham, North Carolina —HL-068734

3. Center for Health Research

Portland, Oregon —HL-068790

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-068920

5. LSU Pennington Biomedical 

Research Center

Baton Rouge, Louisiana —HL-068955

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to extend the follow-up of 

WISE patients to determine the incremental long-term 
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prognostic value of novel testing developed in WISE, 

develop sex-specific incremental outcome models to 

evaluate the prognostic value of female reproductive 

variables, and maintain a WISE database and infrastructure to facilitate further investigations into the mechanisms underlying ischemic syndromes in women.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$1,302,449

Fiscal Years 2001–2003—$4,314,911

Total Funding to Date—$5,617,360

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-064829

2. University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida —HL-064924

Lung Diseases Program

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN) 

Phase II, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The objective of ACRN Phase I was to establish a network of interactive asthma clinical research groups to 

assess novel treatment methods and to ensure that findings on optimal management of patients with asthma are 

rapidly disseminated to practitioners and health care professionals. A new program was funded in 2003 as a 

result of a national competition for participation in the 

successful 10-year-old asthma clinical research network. The minority patient population will be approximately 33 percent for each protocol.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$8,424,129

Fiscal Year 2003—$8,181,429

Total Funding to Date—$16,605,558

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. National Jewish Medical

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-074073

2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-074204

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-074206

4. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-074208

5. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-074212

6. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-074218

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-074225

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074227

9. Pennsylvania State University

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-074231

Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this study is to establish cooperative 

centers of research to reduce asthma disparities between 

whites and minorities and economically disadvantaged 

populations. The mission of the centers, comprising 

partnerships between minority servicing medical institutions and research-intensive institutions, is to promote 

interdisciplinary investigation of factors that contribute 

to disparities in asthma, accelerate development and 

evaluation of strategies to promote effective asthma 

management among minority and economically disadvantaged populations, encourage training and career 

development for minority clinical research investigators, 

and improve the effectiveness of NHLBI-supported 

research-intensive institutions in developing and sustaining culturally appropriate research and demonstration 

activities on reducing disparities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$5,217,367

Fiscal Years 2002–2003—$12, 051,824

Total Funding to Date—$17,269,191

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Meharry Medical College 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-072431

2. Howard University 

Washington, DC —HL-072433

3. Rhode Island Hospital 

Providence, Rhode Island —HL-072438

4. The Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072455

5. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-072471

6. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-072478

7. Hektoen Institute for Medical Research 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-072496

8. University of Puerto Rico 

Medical Sciences 

San Juan, Puerto Rico —HL-072519
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Childhood Asthma Management Program–

Continuation Study (CAMP–CS)/Phase 2, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The objectives of this observational study are to follow the original CAMP cohort for 4 more years into 

early adulthood to determine the effects of long-term 

(3.5 to 5.5 years) corticosteroid therapy, started at ages 

5 to 12, on outcomes of pulmonary function, height, 

bone density, and clinical course of asthma; 31 percent of 

the participants are from minority groups.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$2,043,311

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,489,491

Total Funding to Date—$3,532,802

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-075232

2. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HL-075407

3. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-075408

4. Asthma, Inc.

Seattle, Washington —HL-075409

5. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-075415

6. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-075416

7. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-075417

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-075419

9. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HL-075420

Childhood Asthma Research and Education 

(CARE) Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Collaborative Program in Bronchopulmonary 

Dysplasia, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The objectives of this program are to support a multiinstitutional collaborative research effort, by providing a 

well-defined model of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia to investigators, and to study mechanisms 

of lung pathobiology that underlie development of 

chronic lung disease of prematurity.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2004—$5,166,906

Fiscal Years 1999–2003—$21,135,687

Total Funding to Date—$26,302,593

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Southwest Foundation 

for Biomedical Research

San Antonio, Texas —HL-052636

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-052638

3. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-056061

4. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-056263

5. Barnes Jewish Hospital

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-063387

6. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-063397

7. University of Texas

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-063399

8. University of Rochester

Rochester, New York —HL-063400

9. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-075900

10. Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-075904

COPD Clinical Research Network, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Early Antipseudomonal Therapy in Cystic 

Fibrosis, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

 The purpose of this study is to determine a safe, 

effective, and systematic approach for treating young 

children (1 to 12 years) with cystic fibrosis who are 

found to be infected with Pseudomonas aemginosa (Pa). 

The goal is to intervene with antipseudomonal therapy at 

the first isolation of Pa to delay or prevent chronic infections that lead to irreversible lung destruction. 

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2004—$1,064,237

Total Funding to Date—$1,064,237
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98

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

 1. Children’s Hospital

and Regional Medical Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-080310

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Prevention of 

Chronic Lung Disease, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2000

The objective of this clinical trial is to determine 

whether low-dose inhaled nitric oxide (NO), administered within the first 48 hours of life to premature newborns (weighing between 500 and 1,250 grams) with 

respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, will 

prevent development of chronic lung disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$1,245,274

Fiscal Years 2000–2003—$6,968,259

Total Funding to Date—$8,213,533

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. The Children’s Hospital

University of Colorado

Denver, Colorado —HL-064857

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic 

Lung Disease, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this clinical trial is to determine 

whether low-dose inhaled NO, administered to preterm 

infants (weighing between 500 and 1,250 grams) who 

continue to require mechanical ventilation at 14 days of 

age, will reduce the incidence of chronic lung disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$903,335

Fiscal Years 2000–2003—$6,732,859

Total Funding to Date—$7,636,194

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-062514

Linkage Study in Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify a group of 

genetic loci that may subsequently prove to contain 

novel genes involved in the development of familial pulmonary fibrosis. Investigators will use standard genetic 

methodology (linkage analysis) to determine the distribution of polymorphisms for genetic markers in families 

with familial pulmonary fibrosis.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$714,001

Fiscal Years 2000–2003—$2,755,951

Total Funding to Date—$3,469,952

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-067467

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this project is to bring together 

research experts in asthma, epidemiology, statistics, bioinformatics, physiology, clinical trials, genetics, and 

genomics to focus on the pharmacogenetics of asthma 

treatment.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$0

Fiscal Years 2000–2003—$10,847,376

Total Funding to Date—$10,847,376

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065899

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients 

Undergoing Surgical Hip Fracture Repair 

(FOCUS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this trial is to test whether a more 

aggressive transfusion strategy that maintains postoperative Hgb levels above 10 g/dl improves functional out-
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come in cardiovascular patients who are over age 50 and 

undergoing surgical hip fracture surgery compared to a 

more conservative strategy that withholds blood transfusion until the patient develops symptoms of anemia.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2004—$1,795,724

 Fiscal Year 2003—$1,639,478

Total Funding to Date—$3,435,202

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

University of Medicine and Dentistry 

of New Jersey

Piscataway, New Jersey —HL-073958

 2. Maryland Medical Research Institute, Inc.

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-074815 

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell 

Anemia, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate a transplant 

procedure for SCD that significantly reduces the toxicity 

of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation while 

retaining its therapeutic benefit. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$550,666

Fiscal Years 2001–2003—$1,541,037

Total Funding to Date—$2,091,703

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital Oakland

Oakland, California —HL-068091

Reference Laboratory to Evaluate Therapies for 

Sickle Cell Disease, Initiated Fiscal Year 1997

The purpose of this study is to establish a reference 

laboratory that will evaluate potentially useful compounds for the treatment of SCD.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$409,694

Fiscal Years 1997–2003*—$1,437,153

Total Funding to Date—$1,846,847

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-058930

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and 

Transplantation, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to establish a cord blood 

bank for collecting sibling donor cord blood in families 

that currently have a child with sickle cell anemia or 

thalassemia with the intent of future transplantation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$1,352,571

Fiscal Years 2001–2003—$3,731,256

Total Funding to Date—$5,083,827

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital Oakland

Oakland, California —HL-061877

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(STOP 2), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this study is to optimize, in high-risk 

patients with sickle cell anemia, the primary prevention 

strategy proven effective in STOP. Ninety-eight percent 

of the patients are expected to come from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$2,366,346

Fiscal Years 2000–2003—$13,147,352

Total Funding to Date—$15,513,698

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New England Research Institutes, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-052016

2. Medical College of Georgia

Augusta, Georgia —HL-052193

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

* Became U01 in 2001.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

100

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy 

Study (APPLES), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 

therapy to provide significant, stable, and long-term 

neurocognitive or other benefits to patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Investigators will identify specific neurocognitive deficits associated with OSA and 

determine which ones are reversible and most sensitive to 

the effects of CPAP therapy.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$3,109,570

Fiscal Year 2002–2003—$6,244,439

Total Funding to Date—$9,354,009

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-068060

Sleep Heart Health Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1999

The purpose of this multicenter observational study is 

to determine the degree to which sleep apnea is an independent or contributing risk factor for the development of 

cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2004—$1,477,676

Fiscal Years 1999–2003—$16,631,681

Total Funding to Date—$18,109,357

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —HL-053916

2. New York University Medical Center

New York, New York —HL-053931

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-053934

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-053937

5. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-053938

6. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-053941

7. Missouri Breaks Research, Inc.

Timberlake, South Dakota —HL-063429

8. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-063463

9. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-064360

10. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-077813
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101

NHLBI Research Centers (P50, U54, P30) Programs

Specialized Centers of Research (P50) and Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research 

(P50) Programs

The NHLBI initiated the Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) program in 1971 to encourage translational 

research—converting basic science findings to the clinic—in high priority areas. The SCOR concept emphasizes 

multidisciplinary research (i.e., basic science and clinical investigations) on diseases relevant to the Institute’s mission. 

In 2002, the NHLBI revised the SCOR program—primarily on recommendation from the NHLBAC—to place more 

emphasis on clinical research projects. The newly developed SCCOR program still requires clinical and basic scientists to work together on a unified theme, but now requires at least 50 percent of the projects to be clinical. Listed 

below is the funding history for the individual SCORs/SCCORs supported by the Institute.

Obligations (Dollars in Thousands)

Area of Concentration

Period of 

Operation

Prior to 

FY 2004 FY 2004

Total to 

Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Ischemic Heart Disease in Blacks 1995– $24,334 $3,083 $27,417

Ischemic Heart Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, Heart Failure 1995– 128,615 14,473 143,088

Molecular Genetics of Hypertension 1996– 72,661 9,973 82,634

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis 1997– 51,852 8,383 60,235

Pediatric Heart Development and Disease (SCCOR) 2004– — 13,245 13,245

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 277,462 49,157 326,619

Lung Diseases Program

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis 1988– 55,246 3,512 58,758

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma 1996– 87,237 15,650 102,887

Pathobiology of Fibrotic Lung Disease 1997– 33,727 5,296 39,023

Pathobiology of Lung Development 1996– 55,268 7,404 62,672

Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury (SCCOR) 2003– 11,502 11,824 23,326

Subtotal, Lung Diseases Program 242,980 43,686 286,666

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology 1995– 40,026 5,742 45,768

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders 1996– 162,439 7,393 169,832

Transfusion Biology and Medicine 1996– 58,839 3,256 62,095

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources Program 261,304 16,391 277,695

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea 1998– 29,030 6,072 35,102

Subtotal, National Center on Sleep Disorders Research 29,030 6,072 35,102

Total, Specialized Centers of Research (P50) $810,776 $115,306 $926,082
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

102

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Ischemic Heart Disease in Blacks

The purpose of this SCOR is to promote interdisciplinary study of issues surrounding ischemic heart disease 

in blacks. Investigators are using molecular, cellular, 

and genetic studies; animal experiments; and human 

studies to advance knowledge in this area.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$3,083,183

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Boston University 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-055993

2. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-065203

Ischemic Heart Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, 

Heart Failure

The purpose of this SCOR is to elucidate the etiology 

and pathophysiology of these diseases at the molecular, 

cellular, and tissue levels and to translate research findings into improved diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$14,473,066

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. The Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-052307

2. University of Cincinnati 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-052318

3. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —HL-052319

4. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-052320

5. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-052338

6. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-053773

7. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HL-054313

8. New England Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-063494

9. Harvard University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-063609

Molecular Genetics of Hypertension

The purpose of this SCOR is to elucidate the etiology 

and pathogenesis of hypertension and to translate the 

knowledge into improved diagnosis and management of 

the disease.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$9,972,655

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-054998

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-055000

3. Boston University Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-055001

4. University of Iowa Hospitals

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-055006

5. Yale University School of Medicine

New Haven, Connecticut —HL-055007

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis

The goal of this SCOR is to advance understanding of 

the etiology and pathobiology of the atherosclerotic 

lesion at the molecular level through modern methods 

and approaches of molecular medicine. Some of the subprojects have a large minority patient population.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$8,382,971

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Columbia University

New York, New York —HL-056984

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-056985

3. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-056989

4. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-070128

Pediatric Heart Development and Disease 

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary collaborations so that basic research advances 

can be translated rapidly to clinical care for children with 

heart disease. Research focus ranges from the genetic 

basis of heart valve disease to clinical trials of novel surgical strategies for congenital heart disease repair and 

immune modulation in pediatric heart transplantation. 

Two of the centers will have Clinical Research Skills 

Development Cores to train fellows and junior faculty in 

clinical research methods.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

103

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$13,244,817

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-074728

2. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-074731

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-074732

4. Children’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074734

Lung Diseases Program

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic 

Fibrosis

The goals of this SCOR are to investigate the basic 

mechanisms underlying cystic fibrosis, develop new 

hypotheses, and apply innovative strategies for 

approaching clinical and fundamental issues.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$3,512,149

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-060280

2. University of Iowa 

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-061234

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma

The objective of this SCOR is to apply critical science 

and technology to increase understanding of cellular and 

molecular mechanisms of asthma, including those mechanisms underlying the biological impact of environmental factors.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$15,649,934

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HL-056384

2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-056385

3. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-056396

4. University of Chicago 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-056399

5. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-056419

6. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-067663

7. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-067664

8. University of Arizona 

Tucson, Arizona —HL-067672

9. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HL-067674

Pathobiology of Fibrotic Lung Disease

The purpose of this SCOR is to study cellular and 

molecular mechanisms involved in transition from 

inflammatory events associated with early fibrotic disease to later processes involving wound healing, repair, 

and fibrosis.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$5,295,879

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-056402

2. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —HL-067665

3. National Jewish Center for Immunology 

and Respiratory Diseases

Denver, Colorado —HL-067671

Pathobiology of Lung Development

The objective of this SCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research enabling basic science findings to be 

rapidly applied to clinical problems related to lung 

development. The program focuses on identification of 

the molecular variables involved in lung development 

and assessment of the impact of injury during critical 

periods.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$7,403,692

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital Medical Center 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-056387

2. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-056401

3. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-057144

4. Children’s Hospital of Boston 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-067669
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

104

Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research to improve the prevention, diagnosis, 

and treatment of acute lung injury and its more severe 

form—adult respiratory distress syndrome. This program includes phase II clinical trials and studies of 

molecular mechanisms of inflammation and coagulation, 

gene and protein expression, and cell and animal models 

of lung injury.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$11,824,005

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-073994

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-073996

3. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-074005

4. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-074024

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology

The goal of this SCOR is to advance knowledge of 

basic stem cell biology in areas of stem cell isolation, 

quantitation by in vivo assay, in vitro and in vivo growth 

and replication, gene insertion, and engraftment.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$5,741,924

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Dana Farber Cancer Institute 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-054785

2. Children’s Hospital 

Los Angeles, California —HL-054850

3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-054881

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders

The purpose of this SCOR is to investigate pathogenic 

mechanisms involved in human thrombotic disease and 

to develop improved methods for its diagnosis and treatment. One of the studies has a large minority patient 

population.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$7,392,619

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Mt. Sinai School of Medicine

New York, New York —HL-054469

2. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-054500

3. University of Oklahoma 

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-054502

4. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HL-065967

Transfusion Biology and Medicine

The purpose of this SCOR is to foster new approaches 

for improving the availability, efficacy, safety, and 

quality of blood and blood products for therapeutic uses. 

One of the centers has a large minority population.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$3,255,812

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New York Blood Center 

New York, New York —HL-054459

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-054476

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea

The objective of this SCOR is to integrate molecular, 

cellular, and genetic approaches to sleep control with 

clinical investigations on the etiology and pathogenesis 

of sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$6,071,676

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-060287

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-060292

3. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-060296
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

105

Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers (U54) Program

The Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers (CSCC) were instituted in FY 1972 to bridge the gap between research and 

service by combining basic and clinical research, clinical trials and applications training, and community service 

projects into one program. The patients recruited for the clinical studies are primarily from minority populations.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$21,010,342

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital and Research Center

Oakland, California —HL-070583

2. Thomas Jefferson University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-070585

3. Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc.

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-070587

4. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-070588

5. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-070590

6. University of Southern California

Los Angeles, California —HL-070595

7. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-070596

8. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-070769

9. Boston Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-070819

10. Children's Hospital Research Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-070871

11. Yeshiva University

New York, New York —HL-070994

Centers for AIDS Research (P30) Program

The NHLBI, along with five other NIH Institutes, contributes to the support of six Centers for AIDS Research that 

were established to provide a multidisciplinary environment that promotes basic, clinical, behavioral, and translational 

research activities in the prevention, detection, and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Almost half of the patient 

population comes from minority groups.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2004—$2,645,483

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New York University 

School of Medicine

New York, New York —AI-27742

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —AI-27757

3. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —AI-27763

4. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —AI-27767

5. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —AI-28697

6. Baylor University

Houston, Texas —AI-36211

7. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —AI-36214

8. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —AI-36219

9. University of Massachusetts 

Medical School 

Worcester, Massachusetts —AI-42845

10. Miriam Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island —AI-42853

13. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —AI-42855

12. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —AI-45008

13. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —AI-50409

14. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —AI-50410

15. Yeshiva University

New York, New York —AI-51519

16. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —AI-54907

17. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —AI-54999

18. Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts —AI-60354

NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

107

NHLBI Research and Development Contract Obligations*: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

* For detailed data on contract-supported clinical trials, see Chapter 11.

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

A Includes Program Evaluation Assessment of $4,250,000.

B Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $8,986,000.

C Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $12,589,000.

D Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $14,904,000.

E Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $17,944,000.

F Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $24,579,000.

G Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $35,827,000.

H Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $54,550,000

I Includes Program Evaluation Assessment of $57,545,722.

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Heart $ 67,173 $ 70,178 $ 80,373 $ 84,820 $ 77,886 $ 93,270 $ 98,715 $125,291 $155,971 $195,425 $187,043

Lung 21,957 15,414 21,032 18,183 13,123 25,432 23,341 10,993 16,578 11,745 14,131

Blood 29,122 40,324 19,522 18,934 25,695 15,436 21,538 24,572 26,751 20,082 25,460

Women’s 

Health 

Initiative

— — — — — 63,100 57,700 59,200 59,000 63,222 58,838

Total $118,252 $125,916 $120,927A $121,937B $116,704C $197,238D $201,294E $220,056F $258,300G $290,474H $285,472I

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Year

Other R&D

Contracts

Major ContractSupported

Clinical Trials*

Dollars in Millions

Other R&D

Contracts

Major ContractSupported Clinical

Trials*

10. Research and Development Contracts
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

108

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1985

The ARIC program is a large-scale, long-term program that is measuring associations of CHD risk factors 

with atherosclerosis by race, gender, and geographic 

location. It focuses on early detection of CVD before 

symptoms, heart attacks, or strokes occur. The project 

consists of two groups: a community surveillance component and a cohort component from four communities. 

Three of the cohort components represent the racial mix 

of their community, whereas the fourth is exclusively 

black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$162,979

Fiscal Years 1985–2003—$118,463,152

Total Funding to Date—$118,626,131

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of North Carolina

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55015

2. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HC-55016

3. University of North Carolina

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55018

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-55019

5. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-55020

6. Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-55021

7. University of Texas

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HC-55022

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1988

The CHS is a population-based, longitudinal study of 

risk factors for the development and progression of CHD 

Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2004

Total FY 2004 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) $118,463,152 $162,979 $118,626,131

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) 72,602,830 1,557,410 74,160,240

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults 

(CARDIA) 60,197,437 10,373,960 70,571,397

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping — 4,000,000 4,000,000

Framingham Study 56,148,221 6,018,417 62,166,638

Jackson Heart Study (JHS) 14,291,000 378,854 14,669,854

Mammalian Genotyping Service (MGS) 21,519,750 3,600,000 25,119,750

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 48,741,999 5,528,000 54,269,999

Pediatric Circulatory Support — 4,808,544 4,808,544

Proteomics Initiative 72,997,890 — 72,997,890

Translational Behavioral Science Research Consortium 10,000,000 4,312,876 14,312,876

Lung Diseases

Lung Tissue Research Consortium — 3,999,995 3,999,995

Tuberculosis Curriculum Coordinating Center 2,700,000 300,000 3,000,000

Blood Diseases and Resources

Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening Study 

(HEIRS) 23,932,652 2,046,635 25,979,287

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository 5,603,820 — 5,603,820

Refinement of New Assays for Direct Detection of Viral 

Nucleic Acids in Donated Organs 11,221,950 4,300,029 15,521,979

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS) 68,774,125 5,000,000 73,774,125

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities 4,095,764 5,638,502 9,734,266
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

109

and stroke in elderly adults. Specific objectives for this 

phase of the project include identifying risk association 

with clinical disease by accumulation of events; determining whether presence or progression of subclinical 

disease (abnormalities detected noninvasively without 

signs or symptoms) are better predictors of clinical disease than traditional risk factors; identifying determinants of change in subclinical disease; and identifying 

characteristics of subgroups at low risk for developing 

CVD (in whom preventive measures may be unnecessary). Minority representation is sufficient to assess 

black–white differences.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$1,557,410

Fiscal Years 1988–2003—$72,602,830

Total Funding to Date—$74,160,240

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-15103

2. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HC-75150

3. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-85079

4. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-85080

5. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-85081

6. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HC-85082

7. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —HC-85083

8. University of Vermont

Burlington, Vermont —HC-85086

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young 

Adults (CARDIA), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1984

The purpose of this study is to increase understanding 

of contributors to changes in CVD risk factors that occur 

during the critical years of transition from adolescence 

through young adulthood to middle age in a cohort of 

black and white young adults, aged 18 to 30 years in 

1985–1986. Currently, CARDIA is addressing questions 

about lifestyle/psychosocial/socioeconomic risk factors, 

race, genes, and inflammation in relation to subclinical 

CVD.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$10,373,960

Fiscal Years 1984–2003—$60,197,437

Total Funding to Date—$70,571,397

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Harbor-UCLA Research and 

Education Institute 

Torrance, California —HC-05187

2. University of California at Irvine

Irvine, California —HC-45134

3. New England Medical Center Hospitals, Inc.

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-45204

4. Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-45205

5. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-48047

6. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-48048

7. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-48049

8. Kaiser Permanente Division of Research

Oakland, California —HC-48050

9. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-95095

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to obtain rapid, reliable, and cost-efficient DNA sequencing and genotyping 

of candidate genomic regions potentially important in 

the disease pathways of heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. This information will assist ongoing 

investigations of genetic components involved in the 

causes, variable outcome, and progression of the diseases and disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$4,000,000

Total Funding to Date—$4,000,000

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Constella Group, Inc.

Bethesda, Maryland —HV-48193

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HV-48194
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

110

3. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HV-48195

4. Center for the Advancement of 

Genetics, Inc.

Rockville, Maryland —HV-48196

Framingham Study

The orginal Framingham Study was designed as a 

longitudinal investigation of constitutional and environmental factors influencing the development of CVD in 

individuals free of these conditions at the outset. Of the 

original 5,209 subjects, about 500 members remain alive. 

In 1971, the Framingham Offspring Study was initiated 

to assess familial and genetic factors associated with 

CHD. More than 5,000 offspring (and their spouses) 

were included. A third-generation cohort consisting of 

3,500 grandchildren has been added to permit examination of numerous hypotheses about the familial clustering of CVD and CVD risk factors. Additional goals 

include identifying new risk factors for cardiovascular, 

lung, and blood diseases and developing new imaging 

tests that can detect very early stages of coronary atherosclerosis in otherwise healthy adults.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2004—$6,018,417

 Fiscal Years 1983–2003—$56,148,221

Total Funding to Date—$62,166,638

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Boston University Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-25195

2. Boston University Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-38038

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1998

The JHS is a single-site epidemiologic study of CVD 

in blacks, similar to established studies in Framingham, 

Massachusetts, and Honolulu, Hawaii, with primary 

goals of identifying risk factors for development and 

progression of CVD; enhancing recruitment, cohort 

retention, and scientific productivity of the existing Jackson site of the ARIC study; building research capabilities 

at minority institutions; developing partnerships between 

minority and majority institutions; and expanding minority investigator participation in large-scale epidemiologic 

studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$378,854*

Fiscal Years 1998–2003—$14,291,000

Total Funding to Date—$14,669,854

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Jackson State University

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95170

2. Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95171

3. Tougaloo College

Tougaloo, Mississippi —HC-95172

Mammalian Genotyping Service (MGS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1994

The MGS provides genotyping to meritorious projects 

involving humans, mice, rats, zebrafish, and dogs in all 

disease areas. It provides genome-wide screens, using 

short tandem repeat polymorphisms, to assist in finding 

genes associated with health and disease. Currently, the 

capacity of the MGS is 7.7 million genotypes per year.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$3,600,000

Fiscal Years 1994–2003—$21,519,750

Total Funding to Date—$25,119,750

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Marshfield Medical Research and 

Educational Foundation

Marshfield, Wisconsin —HV-48141

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and progression of subclinical CVD, 

i.e., disease detected noninvasively before it has produced clinical signs and symptoms, in a population that 

is 38 percent white, 28 percent black, 22 percent Hispanic, and 12 percent Asian. 

* Additional funding is provided by the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NCMHD).
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

111

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$5,528,000

Fiscal Years 1999–2003—$48,741,999

Total Funding to Date—$54,269,999

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-95159

2. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HC-95160

3. Columbia University

New York, New York —HC-95161

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95162

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95163

6. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-95164

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95165

8. University of Vermont

Colchester, Vermont —HC-95166

9. New England Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-95167

10. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95168

11. Harbor-UCLA Research and 

Education Institute

Los Angeles, California —HC-95169

Pediatric Circulatory Support, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to establish multidisciplinary teams to develop innovative circulatory assist 

devices or other bioengineered systems for infants and 

children with congenital and acquired CVD who experience cardiopulmonary failure and circulatory collapse.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$4,808,544

Total Funding to Date—$4,808,544

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Cleveland, Ohio —HV-48188

2. Ension, Inc.

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HV-48189

3. Jarvik Heart, Inc.

New York, New York —HV-48190

4. Pennsylvania State University

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HV-48191

5. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HV-48192

Proteomics Initiative, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2002

The purpose of this program is to establish highly 

interactive, multidisciplinary centers to enhance and 

develop innovative proteomic technologies directed to 

relevant biologic questions associated with heart, lung, 

blood, and sleep health and disease. Scientists will focus 

on the cells’ protein machinery directed toward understanding the molecular basis of the causes and progression of heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders and 

identifying targets for therapeutic interventions.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$0

Fiscal Year 2002–2003—$72,997,890

Total Funding to Date—$72,997,890

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HV-28178

2. Institute for Systems Biology

Seattle, Washington —HV-28179

3. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HV-28180

4. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HV-28181

5. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HV-28182

6. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HV-28183

7. University of Texas 

Galveston, Texas —HV-28184

8. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HV-28185

9. Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut —HV-28186

10. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the

Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. 

Rockville, Maryland —HV-28187

Translational Behavioral Science Research 

Consortium, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium of interdisciplinary basic and applied social scien-
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

112

tists to conduct research related to developing and testing 

theories from the behavioral or social sciences concerning cognitive, affective, motivational, developmental, 

and other factors and processes underlying human 

behavior. Acquired knowledge will be used to develop 

and test methods to encourage individuals to adopt and 

maintain a healthy lifestyle and manage behavioral risk 

factors for heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2004—$4,312,876

Fiscal Year 2002–2003—$10,000,000

Total Funding to Date—$14,312,876

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Weill Medical College of Cornell University

New York, New York —HC-25196

2. Mount Sinai School of Medicine

New York, New York —HC-25197

Lung Diseases Program

Lung Tissue Resource Consortium, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to establish a resource 

consortium for collecting lung tissues and preparing and 

distributing them for research. Scientists seek to 

improve management of lung diseases by increasing 

understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of lung 

diseases through molecular histopathological studies on 

tissues with and without disease. Primary emphases will 

be on COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$3,999,995

Total Funding to Date—$3,999,995

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester, New York —HR-46158

2. University of Colorado Health Science Center

Denver, Colorado —HR-46159

3. University of Colorado Health Science Center

Denver, Colorado —HR-46160

4. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester, New York —HR-46161

5. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-46162

6. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-46163

7. Clinical Trials and Survey Corporation

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-46164

Tuberculosis Curriculum Coordinating Center, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium of five Tuberculosis Curriculum Centers to 

strengthen and increase access to the best ongoing educational and training opportunities in TB for medical, 

nursing, and allied health schools, especially those that 

provide primary care to communities where TB is 

endemic and the population is at high risk.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$300,000

Fiscal Year 2003—$2,700,000

Total Funding to Date—$3,000,000

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HR-36157

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening 

Study (HEIRS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this project is to determine the prevalence of iron overload and hereditary hemochromatosis 

and to study genetic and environmental determinants and 

potential clinical, personal, and societal impact of the 

disorder.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$2,046,635

Fiscal Years 2000–2003—$23,932,652

Total Funding to Date—$25,979,287

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-05185

2. Howard University

Washington, DC —HC-05186

3. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-05188
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

113

4. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —HC-05189

5. University of California at Irvine

Irvine, California —HC-05190

6. London Health Science Centre

Ontario, Canada —HC-05191

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-05192

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen 

Repository, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1998

The purpose of this project is to establish an NHLBI 

Biological Specimen Repository for blood specimens 

from Institute-supported research. The Repository monitors storage, labeling, and testing of the specimens, as 

well as administers safe shipment of precise sample aliquots to approved investigators for future studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$0

Fiscal Years 1998–2003—$5,603,820

Total Funding to Date—$5,603,820

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. BBI-Biotech Research Laboratories, Inc.

Gaithersburg, Maryland —HB-87144

Refinement of New Assays for Direct Detection 

of Viral Nucleic Acids in Donated Organs, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

 The objective of this program is to refine for clinical 

and blood bank use, one or more nucleic acid-based techniques to detect blood-borne viruses (HIV-1, hepatitis B 

virus, and hepatitis C virus) in donors of organs for transplantation. The goal is to reduce the antibody-negative 

window between infectivity and detection to the shortest 

possible time. 

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2004—$4,300,029

 Fiscal Years 2000–2003—$11,221,950

Total Funding to Date—$15,521,979

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Gen-Probe, Inc.

San Diego, California —HB-07148

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1989

This program was established to determine the prevalence of retrovirus positivity in blood donors, a majority 

of whom are minority. Researchers are evaluating the 

demographic, risk factor, and behavioral characteristics 

of blood donors with high risks who continue to donate. 

A blood specimen repository also is being established as 

a mechanism for evaluating new tests for known viruses 

and as a sentinel for as-yet-unrecognized viruses.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$5,000,000

Fiscal Years 1989–2003—$68,774,125

Total Funding to Date—$73,774,125

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HB-47114

2. Oklahoma Blood Institute

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HB-97078

3. Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HB-47168

4. American Red Cross Blood Services

Dedham, Massachusetts —HB-47169

5. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HB-47170

6. University of Cincinnati

Cincinnati, Ohio —HB-47171

7. Institute for Transfusion Medicine

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HB-47172

8. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HB-47174

9. Westat, Inc.

Rockville, Maryland —HB-47175

10. American Red Cross 

Greater Chesapeake and Potomac Region

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-97079

11. American Red Cross

Southern California

Los Angeles, California —HB-97080

12. American Red Cross

Southeastern Michigan Region

Detroit, Michigan —HB-97081

13. Westat, Inc.

Rockville, Maryland —HB-97082
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

114

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

This program is designed to develop novel somatic 

cellular therapies in areas ranging from basic science 

through animal studies to proof-of-principle and eventually human trials for heart, lung, and blood diseases and 

sleep disorders. The goal is to provide rapid, safe translation of basic research ideas into clinical practice.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$5,638,502

Fiscal Year 2003—$4,095,764

Total Funding to Date—$9,734,266

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HB-37163

2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HB-37164

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HB-37165
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

115

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Program on Surgical Control of 

Hyperlipidemias (POSCH)

$ 500 $ 538 $ 566 $ 294 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Emory Angioplasty Versus Surgery Trial 

(EAST)

288 296 296 — — — — — — — —

Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Plaque Study 

(ACAPS)

— 66 70 — — — — — — — —

Infant Heart Surgery: Central Nervous 

System Sequelae of Circulatory Arrest

516 598 699 685 582 584 392 75 — — —

Prevention of Early Readmission in Elderly 

Congestive Heart Failure Patients

77 — — — — — — — — — —

MRFIT Follow-up and Analysis 418 — — — — — — — — — —

Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial* 2,095 1,958 504 — — — — — — — —

Trial of Aspirin and Vitamin E in Nurses 1,488 1,426 1,434 1,473 1,536 1,530 1,594 — — — —

Diet and Exercise for Elevated Risk (DEER) 703 — — — — — — — — — —

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the 

Menopause

601 451 478 494 528 186 — — — — —

Sodium Sensitivity in African Americans 97 249 — — — — — — — — —

Montreal Heart Attack Readjustment Trial 

(M-HART)

340 — — — — — — — — — —

Stress Reduction in Elderly Blacks With 

Hypertension

338 321 — — — — — — — — —

Trial of Nonpharmacologic Intervention in the 

Elderly (TONE)

796 729 — — — — — — — — —

CABG Patch Trial* 3,117 1,344 988 1,171 — — — — — — —

Women’s Antioxidant and Cardiovascular 

Study (WACS)

612 620 643 501 525 540 556 572 598 592 599

Oral Calcium in Pregnant Women With 

Hypertension

290 306 320 332 — — — — — — —

Stress Reduction and Atherosclerotic CVD in 

Blacks

219 330 403 407 40 326 339 360 376 394 —

Enalapril After Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity 587 647 707 724 789 — — — — — —

Stress and Anger Management for Blacks 

With Hypertension

221 232 241 250 — — — — — — —

Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis 

(ERA) Trial*

1,123 260 1,213 965 1,668 1,017 — — — — —

Shock Trial: Should We Emergently 

Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for 

Cardiogenic Shock?

1,070 1,022 1,008 826 874 — 440 362 298 291 296

HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study 484 480 427 445 340 — 326 — — — —

Influence of Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) 

Temperature on CABG Morbidity

118 107 118 — — — — — — — —

Women’s Estrogen/Progestin Lipid Lowering 

Hormone Atherosclerosis Regression Trial 

(WELL-HART)*

— 798 508 1,196 1,269 1,131 — 32 — — —

A clinical trial is defined as a scientific research 

study undertaken with human subjects to evaluate 

prospectively the diagnostic, prophylactic, or therapeutic effect of a drug, device, regimen, or procedure 

used or intended ultimately for use in the practice of 

medicine or the prevention of disease. A clinical trial 

is planned and conducted prospectively and includes 

a concurrent control group or other appropriate comparison group.

11. Clinical Trials

* Paid by U01/U10.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

116

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

Mode Selection Trial in Sinus Node 

Dysfunction (MOST)*

— 2,163 1,857 2,096 1,700 2,879 1,136 154 — — —

Antioxidants and Prevention of Early 

Atherosclerosis*

— 793 240 603 — — — — — — —

Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy In 

Unstable Angina

— 253 258 264 271 276 — — — — —

Estrogen and Graft Atherosclerosis Research 

Trial (EAGER)*

— — 476 488 305 — 361 371 — — —

Soy Estrogen Alternative Study (SEA) — — 219 217 221 — — — — — —

REMATCH Trial* — — — 1,258 1,798 1,333 825 750 — — —

Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake, and Blood 

Pressure (DASH Sodium)*†

— — — 2,233 3,693 3,646 1,247 151 387 376 395

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial 

(SCD-HeFT)*

— — — 1,571 1,667 1,709 1,698 1,798 1,412 1,930 —

CVD Risk and Health in Post-Menopausal 

Phytoestrogen Users

— — — 631 662 574 244 — 304 152 —

Treatment of Hypertension With Two Exercise 

Intensities

— — — 359 474 473 481 420 — — —

Prevention of Recurrent Venous 

Thromboembolism (PREVENT)

— — — — 1,242 894 521 543 1,272 — —

PREMIER: Lifestyle Interventions for Blood 

Pressure Control*

— — — — 2,234 3,425 3,595 2,925 1,505 — —

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study 

(ACES)*

— — — — 847 2,663 2,182 720 1,254 1,137 —

Antiarrhythmic Effects of N-3 Fatty Acids — — — — — 514 542 529 647 — —

Fatty Acid Antiarrhythmia Trial (FAAT) — — — — — 519 605 — — — —

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT)* — — — — — 4,892 5,079 2,604 1,724 1,963 —

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D)*

— — — — — — 3,942 6,515 9,342 8,189 8,265

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery* — — — — — — 473 557 596 590 492

Angiotensin-II Blockade in Mitral 

Regurgitation

— — — — — — — 553 610 629 500

Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial 

(HART)

— — — — — — — 795 1,617 1,453 1,174

Reduction of Triglycerides in Women on HRT — — — — — — — 708 746 555 544

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE)*†

— — — — — — — 1,502 1,506 1,306 1,303

ACE Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular 

Risk Factors

— — — — — — — — 694 656 602

 A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of 

Exercise (Action)*

— — — — — — — — 7,471 9,582 7,973

Clinical Trial of Dietary Protein on Blood 

Pressure*

— — — — — — — — 655 610 612

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial 

(HAT)*

— — — — — — — — 3,567 5,433 4,264

Perioperative Interventional Neuroprotection 

Trial (POINT)

— — — — — — — — 553 553 562

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics 

Study (SANDS)*

— — — — — — — — 2,410 2,165 2,107

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH)*

— — — — — — — — 5,709 4,495 1,613

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies 

(GEMS)

— — — — — — — — — 2,461 2,400

Treatment of Depression Following Bypass 

Surgery

— — — — — — — — — 964 1,132

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 (continued)

* Paid by U01/U10

† Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

117

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM)* — — — — — — — — — 3,687 4,368

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL)* — — — — — — — — — — 4,343

FREEDOM Trial: Future Revascularization 

Evaluation in Patients with Diabetes 

Mellitus: Optional Management of 

Multivessel Disease — — — — — — — — — — 3,663

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial 

Metabolic Enhancement During Initial 

Assessment and Treatment in Emergency 

Care* — — — — — — — — — — 5,170

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 16,098 15,987 13,673 19,483 23,265 29,111 26,578 22,996 45,253 50,163 52,377

Lung Diseases

Emphysema: Physiologic Effects of 

Nutritional Support

155 — — — — — — — — — —

Cardiopulmonary Effects of Ibuprofen in 

Human Sepsis*

683 — — — — — — — — — —

Inhaled Beclomethasone to Prevent Chronic 

Lung Disease*

690 738 551 436 — — — — — — —

Lung Health Study II*† 3,307 4,434 3,183 3,508 980 ——————

Lung Health Study III*† — — — — 1,997 1,986 1,616 1,672 927 — —

Asthma Clinical Research Network 

(ACRN)*†

— — — — 4,934 5,399 5,686 5,705 5,863 — 8,424

Fetal Tracheal Occlusion for Severe 

Diaphragmatic Hernia*

— — — — — 419 429 181 — — —

Scleroderma Lung Study* — — — — — 1,040 1,501 1,761 1,501 1,055 —

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Prevention of 

Chronic Lung Disease*

— — — — — — 1,959 1,803 1,764 1,442 1,245

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic 

Lung Disease*

— — — — — — 1,548 1,742 1,839 1,604 903

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis II (PIOPED II)*

— — — — — — 2,190 3,667 3,388 472 —

Randomized Trial to Reduce ETS in Children 

With Asthma

— — — — — — 555 545 468 277 —

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy 

Study (APPLES)*

— — — — — — — — 3,224 3,021 3,110

Childhood Asthma Management Program–

Continuation Study (CAMP–CS)/Phase 2*†

— — — — — — — — — 1,489 2,043

Clinical Trial of Acid Reflux Therapy in 

Asthma*

— — — — — — — — — 736 783

Impact of CPAP on Functional Outcomes in 

Milder Obstructive Sleep Apnea (CATNAP)

— — — — — — — — — 682 612

Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men — — — — — — — — — 4,163 4,262

Supplemental Selenium and Vitamin E and 

Pulmonary Function

— — — — — — — — — 698 610

Early Antipseudomonal Therapy in Cystic 

Fibrosis*

— — — — — — — — — — 1,064

Improving Asthma Care in Minority Children 

in Head Start

— — — — — — — — — — 721

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 4,835 5,172 3,734 3,944 7,911 8,844 15,484 17,076 18,974 15,639 23,777

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 (continued)

* Paid by U01/U10

† Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

118

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 (continued)

* Paid by U01/U10.

† Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Blood Diseases and Resources

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea in Patients 

With Sickle Cell Anemia—Phase II*

3,271 1,238 — — — — — — — — —

Trial to Reduce Alloimmunization to Platelets 

(TRAP)—Extension†

2,510 1,246 263 — — — — — — — —

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(STOP)*

2,751 3,257 2,435 2,584 2,036 — 293 — — — —

Pediatric Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(PED HUG)

146 250 260 270 — — — — — — —

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(STOP 2)*

— — — — — — 4,200 3,166 3,168 2,320 2,366

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell 

Anemia

— — — — — — — 489 525 527 551

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and 

Transplantation

— — — — — — — 1,222 1,224 1,286 1,353

FOCUS — — — — — — — — — 1,639 1,796

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 8,678 5,991 2,958 2,854 2,036 — 4,493 4,877 4,917 5,772 6,066

Total, NHLBI $29,611 $27,150 $20,365 $26,281 $33,212 $37,955 $46,555 $44,949 $69,144 $71,574 82,220
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

119

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2004: Summary by Program

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2004

FY 2004 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date 

Heart and Vascular Diseases

A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise (ACTION)* $ 17,052,481 $ 7,973,471 $ 25,025,952

ACE Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors 1,349,463 602,458 1,951,921

Angiotensin-II Blockade in Mitral Regurgitation 1,793,146 499,427 2,292,573

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D)* 27,988,936 8,265,037 36,253,973

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL)* — 4,343,389 4,343,389

Clinical Trial of Dietary Protein on Blood Pressure 1,265,418 611,758 1,877,176

Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake, and Blood Pressure (DASH Sodium)* 11,732,933 395,068 12,128,001

FREEDOM Trial: Future Revascularization Evaluation in Patients with Diabetes 

Mellitus: Optimal Management of Multivessel Disease

— 3,663,095 3,663,095

Girls Health Enrichment Multi-Site Studies* 2,461,487 2,399,948 4,861,435

Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial (HART) 3,864,646 1,173,937 5,038,583

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery* 2,215,845 492,411 2,708,256

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial (HAT)* 8,999,887 4,263,755 13,263,642

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial Metabolic Enhancement During Initial 

Assessment and Treatment in Emergency Care*

— 5,170,411 5,170,411

Perioperative Interventional Neuroprotection Trial (POINT) 1,105,701 562,346 1,688,047

Reduction of Triglycerides in Women on HRT 2,010,214 544,281 2,554,495

Shock Trial: Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for 

Cardiogenic Shock?

6,189,213 295,949 6,485,162

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS)* 4,574,684 2,106,653 6,681,337

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH)* 10,204,028 1,613,058 11,817,086

Treatment of Depression Following Bypass Surgery 963,830 1,132,182 2,096,012

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM)* 3,686,738 4,367,750 8,054,488

Women’s Antioxident and Cardiovasular Study (WACS) 6,344,116 598,635 6,942,751

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)*† 4,314,911 1,302,449 5,617,360

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 129,488,841 52,377,468 181,866,309

Lung Diseases

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study (APPLES)* 6,244,439 3,109,570 9,354,009

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN)* 27,584,539 8,424,129 36,008,668

Childhood Asthma Management Program II (CAMP II)* 1,489,491 2,043,311 3,532,802

Clinical Trial of Acid Reflux Therapy in Asthma* 736,466 783,078 1,519,544

Early Antipseudomonal Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis* — 1,064,237 1,064,237

Impact of CPAP on Functional Outcomes in Milder Obstructive Sleep Apnea 

(CATNAP)

681,633 612,378 1,294,011

Improving Asthma Care for Minority Children in Head Start — 721,025 721,025

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease* 6,968,259 1,245,274 8,213,533

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease* 6,732,859 903,335 7,636,194

Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men 4,162,661 4,261,833 8,424,494

Supplemental Selenium and Vitamin E and Pulmonary Function 698,489 609,585 1,308,074

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 55,298,836 23,777,755 79,076,591

Blood Diseases and Resources

FOCUS* 1,639,478 1,795,724 3,435,202

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell Anemia* 1,541,037 550,666 2,091,703

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and Transplantation* 3,731,256 1,352,571 5,083,827

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP 2)* 12,854,790 2,366,346 15,221,136

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 19,766,561 6,065,307 25,831,868

Total, NHLBI $204,554,238 $82,220,530 $286,774,768

* Paid by U01/U10

† Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

120

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Contracts

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Lipid Research Clinics $ 622 $ 583 $ 660 $ 650 $ 685 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Cardiac Arrythmia Suppression Trial 

(CAST)

 29 — — — — — — — — — —

Effects of Digitalis on Survival in 

Patients With Congestive Heart Failure

 270 2,235 — — — — — — — — —

Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot 

Study (ACIP)

 210 7 — — — — — — — — —

Psychophysiological Investigations of 

Myocardial Ischemia (PIMI)

 433 165 — — — — — — — — —

Arterial Disease Multifactorial Intervention Trial (ADMIT) 2,341 395 — — — — — — — — —

Raynaud’s Treatment Study 2,532 1,664 221 19 — — — — — — —

Antiarrhythmic vs. Implantable 

Defibrillator (AVID)

 1,068 5,348 2,475 — 871 548 — — — — —

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering 

Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack 

Trial (ALLHAT)

 10,914 3,412 9,676 15,943 17,119 — 6,259 7,000 3,980 2,761 3,346

Activity Counseling Trial (ACT) 1,260 5,000 — 2,167 2,439 — — — — — —

Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin 

Interventions (PEPI)

 600 1,305 — 3 170 — — — — — —

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart 

Disease Patients (ENRICHD)

— 1,871 6,993 6,837 5,904 3,303 3,487 596 425 70 —

Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up: 

Investigation in Rhythm Management 

(AFFIRM)

— 883 2,510 6,330 — 3,785 1,239 2,401 802 — —

Beta-Blocker Evaluation Survival Trial 

(BEST)

— 2,500 1,435 2,300 2,448 — — — — — —

Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and 

Estrogen Trial (WAVE)

— — 731 2,891 1,917 3,878 886 756 — 32 —

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome 

Evaluation (WISE)

— — 1,577 133 2,932 856 1,424 10 50 — —

Prevention of Events With Angiotensin 

Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy 

(PEACE)

— — 3,632 2,838 2,836 2,850 5,988 — 2,849 558 —

Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) — — — — 1,169 2,009 1,243 — 238 — —

Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart 

Failure and Pulmonary Artery 

Catheterization Effectiveness 

(ESCAPE)

— — — — — 1,750 1,820 — 1,129 — —

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in 

Diabetes (ACCORD) 

— — — — — 4,130 6,590 — 1,750 18,521 33,779

Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) 

Community Trial

— — — — — 2,923 2,414 3,058 1,101 — —

Aldosterone Antagonist for Treatment of 

Heart Failure

— — — — — — — — — — 837

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 20,279 25,368 29,910 40,111 38,490 26,032 31,350 13,821 12,324 21,942 37,962

Lung Diseases

Lung Health Study I 3,398 650 350 — — — — — — — —

Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiac 

Complications of HIV Infection 

(P2C2)

10,550 2,627 4,033 668 1,979 — 315 — 113 — —
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

121

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Contracts (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Lung Diseases (continued)

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program (CAMP)

 9,745 5,096 7,977 5,695 — 6,551 729 1,330 2,786 2,287 1,475

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 

Clinical Network (ARDSNET)

 1,800 4,170 4,337 4,510 4,880 6,837 5,587 2,667 1,502 4,402 5,517

National Emphysema Treatment Trial 

(NETT)

— — — 2,710 3,367 7,545 4,047 6,989 7,910 1,630 1,648

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in 

Emphysema (FORTE)

— — — — — 884 7,711 — 2,429 725 507

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 25,493 12,543 16,697 13,583 10,226 21,817 18,389 10,986 14,740 9,044 9,147

Blood Diseases and Resources

Clinical Course of Sickle Cell Disease 2,390 4,375 376 205 2,144 350 106 — — — —

Penicillin Prophylaxis in Sickle Cell 

Disease (PROPS II)

 226 — — — — — — — — — —

Anti-HIV Immunoglobulin (HIVIG) in 

Prevention of Maternal-Fetal HIV 

Transmission

 3,016 1,819 706 — — — — — — — —

T-Cell Depletion in Unrelated Donor 

Marrow Transplantation

 1,310 1,917 1,461 639 2,228 690 1,085 1,144 557 774 164

Viral Activation Transfusion Study 

(VATS)

— 5,000 5,647 2,353 1,668 — 339 — — — —

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation 

Study (COBLT)

— — 1,419 6,573 12,530 1,456 5,122 1,846 2,166 588 707

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea 

(MSH) in Sickle Cell Anemia Adult 

Follow-up 

— — 703 472 475 469 — — 588 994 1,136

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical 

Trial (BABY HUG)

— — — — — — 1,606 405 3,100 1,112 1,964

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 6,942 13,111 10,312 10,242 19,045 2,965 8,258 3,395 6,411 3,468 3,971

Women’s Health Initiative

Subtotal, Women’s Health Initiative — — — — — 59,100 57,700 59,200 59,010 63,222 57,483

Total, NHLBI Clinical Trials Contracts $52,714 $51,022 $56,919 $63,936 $67,761 $109,914 $115,697 $87,402 $92,485 $97,676 $108,563
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

122

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Heart and Vascular 

Diseases

Trials of Hypertension 

Prevention (TOHP)

$4,385 $1,240 $ 649 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Dietary Intervention Study 

in Children (DISC)

1,615 1,625 1,625 746 — — — — — — —

Bypass Angioplasty 

Revascularization 

Investigation (BARI)

3,965 3,882 2,757 2,894 1,360 1,609 1,634 1,549 1,456 — —

Postmenopausal Estrogen/

Progestin Interventions 

(PEPI)

1,109 584 331 — — — — — — — —

Child and Adolescent 

Trial for Cardiovascular 

Health (CATCH)

2,586 2,342 2,682 3,956 572 210 — — — — —

Dietary Effects on 

Lipoproteins and 

Thrombogenic Activity 

(DELTA)

3,121 2,485 132 290 — — — — — — —

Obesity Prevention in 

Young American 

Indians (PATHWAYS)

1,814 2,150 3,432 4,119 3,945 4,196 2,459 — — — —

Dietary Approaches to 

Stop Hypertension 

(DASH)

2,350 2,513 899 — — — — — — — —

Rapid Early Action for 

Coronary Treatment 

(REACT)

2,609 5,091 4,992 2,866 496 — — — — — —

Girls Health Enrichment 

Multisite Studies 

(GEMS) 

— — — — — 2,282 2,365 2,877 2,713 2,461 —

Trial of Activity for 

Adolescent Girls 

(TAAG)

— — — — — — 5,274 4,831 5,919 5,828 6,350

Pediatric Cardiovascular 

Clinical Research 

Network 

— — — — — — — 3,447 4,822 5,381 4,948

Clinical Research 

Consortium to Improve 

Resuscitation Outcome

— — — — — — — — — — 6,886

Dynamic Assessment of 

Patient-Reported 

Chronic Disease 

Outcomes

— — — — — — — — — — 1,010

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular 

Diseases

23,554 21,912 17,499 14,871 6,373 8,297 11,732 12,704 14,910 13,670 19,194

Lung Diseases

 Asthma Clinical Research 

Network (ACRN)*

3,694 3,640 4,526 4,479 — — — — — 8,181 8,424

 Asthma and Pregnancy 

Studies

1,000 991 1,000 913 — — — — — — —

* Investigator-Initiated from 1998 to 2002.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

123

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1994–2004 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Lung Diseases (continued)

 Childhood Asthma 

Research and Education 

(CARE) Network

— — — — — 4,175 5,002 5,314 6,005 5,610 5,292

COPD Clinical Research 

Network

— — — — — — — — — 6,843 6,848

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 4,694 4,631 5,526 5,392 — 4,175 5,002 5,314 6,005 20,634 20,564

Blood Diseases and 

Resources

Thalassemia (Cooley’s 

Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network 

— — — — — — 2,192 2,219 2,269 2,320 2,375

Blood and Marrow 

Transplant Clinical 

Research Network 

— — — — — — — 5,360 5,899 5,950 5,292

Transfusion Medicine/

Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — — — — — 6,053 6,241 6,093

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and 

Resources

— — — — — — 2,192 7,579 14,221 14,511 14,440

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials, 

Cooperative Agreements 

$28,248 $26,543 $23,025 $20,263 $6,373 $12,472 $18,926 $25,597 $35,136 $48,815 $54,198

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials

$80,962 $77,565 $79,944 $84,199 $74,134 $122,386 $134,623 $112,999 $127,621 $146,491 $162,761
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

124

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2004: Summary by Program

Contracts

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2004

Total FY 2004 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

 Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) $ 30,990,133 $ 33,779,345 $64,769,478

Aldosterone Antagonists for Treatment of Heart Failure — 837,227 837,227

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack 

Trial (ALLHAT) 

79,824,059 3,346,000 83,170,059

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) 29,486,924 — 29,486,924

Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery 

Catheterization Effectiveness (ESCAPE) 

4,699,537 — 4,699,537

Prevention of Events With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor 

Therapy (PEACE) 

21,550,000 — 21,550,000

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 166,550,653 37,962,572 204,513,225

Lung Diseases 

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network (ARDSNET) 40,692,155 5,516,811 46,208,966

Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) 54,845,605 1,475,006 56,320,611

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in Emphysema (FORTE) 11,749,283 506,758 12,256,041

National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) 34,198,310 1,648,000 35,846,310

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 141,485,353 9,146,575 150,631,928

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study (COBLT) 31,699,365 707,000 32,406,365

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) in Sickle Cell Anemia Adult 

Follow-up 

3,700,743 1,136,093 4,836,836

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG) 6,223,568 1,963,630 8,187,198

T-Cell Depletion in Unrelated Donor Marrow Transplantation 11,804,918 163,598 11,968,516

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 53,428,594 3,970,321 57,398,915

Women’s Health Initiative

 Subtotal, Women’s Health Initiative 615,132,161 57,483,316 672,615,477

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Contracts $976,596,761 $108,562,784 $1,085,159,545

Cooperative Agreements

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2004

Total FY 2004 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Clinical Research Consortium to Improve Resuscitation Outcome $ — $ 6,886,109 $6,886,109

Dynamic Assessment of Patient-Reported Chronic Disease Outcomes — 1,009,694 1,009,694

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research Network 13,650,229 4,947,982 18,598,211

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) 21,853,035 6,349,902 28,202,937

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 35,503,264 19,193,687 54,696,951

Lung Diseases 

Asthma Clinical Research Network 8,181,429 8,424,129 16,605,558

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network 26,106,032 5,292,305 31,398,337

COPD Clinical Research Network 6,843,405 6,848,345 13,691,750

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 41,130,866 20,564,779 61,695,645

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 17,209,287 5,972,521 23,181,808

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network 8,999,883 2,374,805 11,374,688

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 12,293,630 6,092,846 18,386,476

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 38,502,800 14,440,172 52,942,972

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Cooperative Agreements $115,136,930 $54,198,638 $169,335,568

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials $1,091,733,691 $162,761,422 $1,254,495,113
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

125

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in 

Diabetes (ACCORD), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate three diabetic 

treatment strategies (intensive glycemic control, blood 

pressure control, and fibrate treatment to raise HDLcholesterol and lower triglycerides) to prevent major 

cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes 

mellitus. The primary outcome measure is CVD mortality or major morbidity (MI and stroke). A vanguard 

phase of about 1,000 participants was completed in 

FY 2002, and the main trial proceeded in FY 2003.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$33,779,345

Fiscal Years 1999–2003—$30,990,133

Total Funding to Date—$64,769,478

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque 

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HC-10100

2. Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Memphis

Memphis, Tennessee —HC-90350

3. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95178

4. McMaster University

Hamilton, Ontario —HC-95179

5. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-95180

6. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HC-95181

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95182

8. Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95183

9. Trustees of Columbia University 

of New York

New York, New York —HC-95184

Aldosterone Antagonists for Treatment of Heart 

Failure, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of aldosterone antagonist therapy to reduce mortality in patients who have heart failure with preserved 

systolic function.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2004—$837,227

Total Funding to Date—$837,227

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. New England Research Institutes, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HC-45207

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment 

to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1993

The ALLHAT is a practice-based, randomized clinical 

trial to determine whether combined incidence of fatal 

CHD and nonfatal MI differs between diuretic-based and 

newer antihypertensive treatments (ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, alpha blocker) in high-risk hypertensive patients. The objective of the lipid-lowering 

component of the study is to determine whether lowering 

serum cholesterol with an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor 

reduces the total mortality in a subset of hypertensive 

patients with moderately elevated LDL cholesterol. 

Because blacks and Hispanics are at high risk for hypertension and CHD, investigators recruited a high percentage of minorities into the study.

In February 2000, the alpha blocker arm of the study 

was discontinued at the recommendation of the Data 

Safety Monitoring Committee and an independant expert 

review committee because the CVD event rate was significantly greater among those patients compared to the 

control group.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$3,346,000 

Fiscal Years 1993–2003—$79,824,059

Total Funding to Date—$83,170,059

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Texas Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HC-35130

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcomes, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2004

 The purpose of this study is to establish a resuscitation 

research consortium to conduct research in cardiopulmo-
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126

nary arrest and traumatic injury leading to arrest. The 

consortium will facilitate the rapid translation of promising scientific and clinical advances to improve resuscitation outcomes.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2004—$6,886,109

Total Funding to Date—$6,886,109

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers:

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-077863

2. University of Iowa

Iowa, City, Iowa —HL-077865

3. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-077866

4. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-077867

5. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-077871

6. St. Michael’s Hospital

Toronto, Ontario —HL-077872

7. Oregon Health and Science University

Portland, Oregon —HL-077873

8. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-077881

9. Ottawa Health Research Institute

Ottawa, Ontario —HL-077885

10. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-077887

11. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-077908

Dynamic Assessment of Patient-Reported 

Chronic Disease Outcomes, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2004

 The purpose of this study, which emanates from a 

NIH Roadmap Initiative, is to develop a computerized 

system of patient-reported outcomes that will meet the 

needs of clinical researchers across a wide variety of 

chronic disorders and diseases. Investigators will 

develop and test a large bank of items measuring patientreported outcomes; create a computerized adaptive testing system that will allow for efficient assessment of 

patient-reported outcomes in clinical research; and create 

a publicly available system that can be added to and 

modified periodically for clinical researchers. 

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2004—$1,009,694

Total Funding to Date—$1,009,694

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —AR-52155

2. Stanford University

Stanford, California —AR-52158

3. State University New York, Stony Brook

Stony Brook, New York —AR-52170

4. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —AR-52171

5. Evanston Northwestern Healthcare

Evanston, Illinois —AR-52177

6. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —AR-52181

7. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —AR-52186

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease 

Patients (ENRICHD), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1995

The objective of this multicenter, randomized clinical 

trial was to test whether treating symptoms of depression 

and low social support with cognitive behavior therapy 

and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors immediately 

after MI reduces morbidity and mortality. The primary 

endpoint was a combination of reinfarction and death. 

Secondary outcomes included changes in cardiovascular 

mortality, depression, social support, and quality of life. 

The cohort included 34 percent minorities. Results 

showed that the treatment did not lower mortality or the 

risk of a second heart attack. However, the intervention 

reduced patients’ depression and increased their level of 

social support.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$0

Fiscal Years 1995–2003—$29,486,924

Total Funding to Date—$29,486,924

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55140
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127

2. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HC-55142

3. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HC-55146

Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure 

and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization 

Effectiveness (ESCAPE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1999

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy 

of pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC)-directed treatment strategy to a noninvasive treatment strategy on 

morbidity and mortality in patients with severe CHF. 

The results of the study showed that PAC did not significantly increase or decrease deaths or the number of days 

patients were hospitalized with severe heart failure.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$0

Fiscal Years 1999–2003—$4,699,537

Total Funding to Date—$4,699,537

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HV-98177

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The objective of this study is to establish a clinical 

network to evaluate novel treatment methods and management strategies for children with structural congenital 

heart disease, inflammatory heart disease, heart muscle 

disease, or arrhythmias. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$4,947,982

Fiscal Years 2001–2003—$13,650,229

Total Funding to Date—$18,598,211

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-068269

2. New England Research Institute, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-068270

3. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-068279

4. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HL-068281

5. Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-068285

6. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HL-068288

7. Columbia University

Health Sciences

New York, New York —HL-068290

8. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-068292

Prevention of Events With Angiotensin 

Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy 

(PEACE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1996

The purpose of this multicenter, randomized trial was 

to determine whether addition of an ACE inhibitor to 

standard therapy in patients with known coronary artery 

disease and preserved left ventricular function would 

prevent CVD mortality and reduce risk of MI and the 

need for revascularization. The results of the study 

showed that patients with coronary diseases and normal 

or mildly reduced heart function do not benefit from 

ACE inhibitors unless the drug is being used to treat 

another condition.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$0

Fiscal Years 1996–2003—$21,550,000

Total Funding to Date—$21,550,000

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. The George Washington University 

Biostatistics Center

Rockville, Maryland —HC-65149

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

This community-based study is testing the effects of a 

school–community-linked intervention to prevent 

decline in physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness 

seen during adolescence in girls. The study is being conducted in 36 schools; 43 percent of the population are 

minorities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$6,349,902

Fiscal Years 2000–2003—$21,853,035

Total Funding to Date—$28,202,937
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

128

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-066845

2. University of South Carolina

Columbia, South Carolina —HL-066852

3. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-066853

4. Tulane University

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-066855

5. San Diego State University

San Diego, California —HL-066856

6. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-066857

7. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-066858

Lung Diseases Program

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical 

Network (ARDSNET), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1994

The objective of this network is to test new therapeutic 

agents with a potential for improving the outcome of 

patients with ARDS and those at risk of developing 

ARDS. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$5,516,811

Fiscal Years 1994–2003—$40,692,155

Total Funding to Date—$46,208,966

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HR-46054

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HR-46055

3. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HR-46056

4. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-46057

5. University of Pennsylvania Hospital

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-46058

6. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HR-46059

7. Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-46060

8. University of Colorado

Denver, Colorado —HR-46061

9. Latter Day Saints Hospital

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-46062

10. University of Maryland

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-46063

11. Coordinating Center 

Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-46064

12. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HR-16146

13. Baystate Medical Center

Springfield, Massachusetts —HR-16147

14. University of British Columbia

Vancouver, Canada —HR-16148

15. University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois —HR-16149

16. Louisiana State University

New Orleans, Louisiana —HR-16150

17. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-16152

18. University of Texas

San Antonio, Texas —HR-16153

19. University of Virginia

Charlottesville, Virginia —HR-16154

20. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HR-16155

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this network is to evaluate current and 

novel therapies and management strategies for adult 

asthma and to ensure that findings are rapidly disseminated to the medical community. Approximately 33 percent of the participants will be minorities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$8,424,129

Fiscal Year 2003—$8,181,429

Total Funding to Date—$16,605,558

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-074073

2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-074204

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-074206

4. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-074208

5. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-074212
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

129

6. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-074218

7. Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-074225

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074227

9. Pennsylvania State University

Hershey Medical Center

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-074231

Childhood Asthma Management Program 

(CAMP), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1991

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term 

effects of anti-inflammatory therapy compared to bronchodilator therapy on the course of asthma, particularly 

on lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and 

on physical and psychosocial growth and development. 

Results showed that 4 1⁄2 to 6 years of daily treatment 

with inhaled corticosteroids was safe and provided 

superior control of asthma compared to a different antiinflammatory medication or treatment only when symptoms occurred. The CAMP study will continue to 

observe the children for 5 years to determine the effect of 

early treatment on maximum lung growth and on height.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$1,475,006

Fiscal Years 1991–2003—$54,845,605

Total Funding to Date—$56,320,611

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-16044

2. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HR-16045

3. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HR-16046

4. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HR-16047

5. National Jewish Medical

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HR-16048

6. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-16049

7. Asthma, Inc.

Seattle, Washington —HR-16050

8. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HR-16051

9. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-16052

Childhood Asthma Research and Education 

(CARE) Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this clinical network is to evaluate current and novel therapies and management strategies for 

children with asthma. Emphasis is on clinical trials that 

help identify optimal therapy for children with different 

asthma phenotypes, genotypes, and ethnic backgrounds 

and children at different developmental stages. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$5,292,305

Fiscal Years 1999–2003—$26,106,032

Total Funding to Date—$31,398,337

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-064287

2. National Jewish Medical and 

Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-064288

3. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-064295

4. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-064305

5. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-064307

6. Pennsylvania State University

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-064313

COPD Clinical Research Network, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this network is to investigate disease 

management approaches in patients with moderate-tosevere COPD and to ensure that the findings are rapidly 

disseminated to the medical community.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$6,848,345

Fiscal Year 2003—$6,843,405

Total Funding to Date—$13,691,750

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Harbor-UCLA Research 

and Education Institute

Torrance, California —HL-074407

2. Denver Health and Hospital Authority

Denver, Colorado —HL-074409

3. Minnesota Veterans Research Institute

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-074416
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

130

4. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-074418

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-074424

6. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074428

7. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-074431

8. University of Maryland

Baltimore Professional School

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-074441

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in Emphysema 

(FORTE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this program is to conduct preliminary 

studies to identify optimal patient populations, drugs and 

dosing schedules, and outcome measures before conducting a larger clinical trial on retinoid treatment for 

emphysema.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$506,758

Fiscal Years 1999–2003—$11,749,283

Total Funding to Date—$12,256,041

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HR-96140

2 Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-96141

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-96142

4. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HR-96143

5. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HR-96144

6. Columbia University

New York, New York —HR-96145

National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1997

The NETT is a multicenter trial designed to evaluate 

the efficacy and role of lung volume reduction surgery 

(a procedure in which part of the lung is removed in an 

attempt to improve breathing) in the treatment of severe 

emphysema. If surgery proves to be effective, a major 

secondary objective is to determine which patients are 

most likely to benefit.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$1,648,000

Fiscal Years 1997–2003—$34,198,310

Total Funding to Date—$35,846,310

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HR-76101

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-76102

3. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HR-76103

4. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Los Angeles, California —HR-76104

5. Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-76105

6. Columbia University

New York, New York —HR-76106

7. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HR-76107

8. University of Maryland

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-76108

9. Mayo Foundation

Rochester, Minnesota —HR-76109

10. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-76110

11. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HR-76111

12. The Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio —HR-76112

13. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-76113

14. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-76114

15. Saint Louis University

St. Louis, Missouri —HR-76115

16. Temple University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-76116

17. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HR-76118

18. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-76119
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

131

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this network is to promote the efficient 

comparison of novel treatment methods and management strategies of potential benefit for children and 

adults undergoing blood or marrow transplantation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$5,972,521

Fiscal Years 2001–2003—$17,209,287

Total Funding to Date—$23,181,808

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Nebraska Medical Center

Omaha, Nebraska —HL-069233

2. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-069246

3. Dana Farber Cancer Institute

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-069249

4. Children’s Mercy Hospital

Kansas City, Missouri —HL-069254

5. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-069273

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069274

7. City of Hope Medical Center

Duarte, California —HL-069278

8. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-069286

9. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-069290

10. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-069291

11. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-069294

12. University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida —HL-069301

13. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-069310

14. Sloan Kettering Institute 

for Cancer Research

New York, New York —HL-069315

15. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-069330

16. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-069348

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study 

(COBLT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1996

This multicenter study is designed to show whether 

umbilical cord blood stem cell transplants from unrelated, 

newborn donors are a safe and efficient alternative to bone 

marrow transplantation for children and adults with a variety of cancers, blood diseases, and genetic disorders. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$707,000

Fiscal Years 1996–2003—$31,699,365

Total Funding to Date—$32,406,365

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. The EMMES Corporation

Potomac, Maryland —HB-67132

2. Dana Farber Cancer Institute

Boston, Massachusetts —HB-67133

3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HB-67134

4. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HB-67135

5. Indiana University

Indianapolis, Indiana —HB-67137

6. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HB-67138

7. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HB-67139

8. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HB-67141

9. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HB-67142

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) in 

Sickle Cell Anemia Adult Follow-up, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1996

The purpose of this trial is to determine the long-term 

effects of hydroxurea. Patients were examined annually 

to determine their health status, quality of life, incidence 

of malignancies, and birth defects in their offspring(s). 

Mortality rates from this cohort were compared to mortality data from the CSSCD cohort and the normal black 

population mortality. Results showed that patients who 

took hydroxyurea over a 9-year period experienced a 40 

percent reduction in deaths. Improved survival was 

related to benefits of drug therapy—an increase in fetal 

hemoglobin level and reduced episodes of severe pain 

“crises” and acute chest syndrome.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

132

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$1,136,093

Fiscal Years 1996–2003—$3,700,743

Total Funding to Date—$4,836,836

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Maryland Medical Research Institute 

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-67129

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial 

(BABY HUG), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this clinical trial is to determine if 

hydroxyurea therapy is effective in prevention of chronic 

end organ damage in pediatric patients with sickle cell 

anemia.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$1,963,630

Fiscal Years 2000–2003—$6,223,568

Total Funding to Date—$8,187,198

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Children’s Research Institute

Washington, DC —HB-07150

2. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HB-07151

3. Howard University

Washington, DC —HB-07152

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07153

5. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HB-07154

6. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee —HB-07155

7. The Research Foundation of SUNY

New York, New York —HB-07156

8. University of Miami

Miami, Florida —HB-07157

9. University of Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HB-07158

10. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HB-07159

11. Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07160

T-Cell Depletion in Unrelated Donor Marrow 

Transplantation, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1994

The purpose of this randomized multicenter clinical 

trial is to determine whether a reduction in morbidity and 

mortality from acute and chronic graft-versus-host 

disease can be achieved without a counterbalancing 

increase in relapse of leukemia in patients receiving an 

unrelated donor marrow transplant.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$163,598

Fiscal Years 1994–2003—$11,804,918

Total Funding to Date—$11,968,516

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. The EMMES Corporation

Potomac, Maryland —HB-47094

2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HB-47095

3. University of Kentucky

Lexington, Kentucky —HB-47097

4. Sloan-Kettering Institute 

for Cancer Research

New York, New York —HB-47098

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this network is to accelerate research 

in the management of thalassemia, standardize existing 

treatments, and evaluate new ones in a network of clinical centers.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$2,374,805

Fiscal Years 2000–2003—$8,999,883

Total Funding to Date—$11,374,688

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-065232

2. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HL-065233

3. New England Research Institute, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-065238
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

133

4. Children’s Hospital Oakland

Oakland, California —HL-065239

5. Weill Medical College

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-065244

6. Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065260

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this network is to promote the efficient 

comparison of new management strategies for individuals with hemostatic disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 

and to evaluate new and existing blood products and 

cytokines for treatment of hematologic disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$6,092,846

Fiscal Years 2002–2003—$12,293,630

Total Funding to Date—$18,386,476

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-072028

2. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-072033

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072072

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072191

5. Weill Medical College 

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-072196

6. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-072248

7. New England Research Institutes, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-072268

8. Tulane University of Louisiana

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-072274

9. University of Oklahoma 

Health Sciences Center

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-072283

10. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-072289

11. Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-072290

12. Children’s Hospital Boston

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072291

13. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072299

14. Puget Sound Blood Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-072305

15. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-072331

16. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-072346

17. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-072355

18. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072359
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

134

Women’s Health Initiative, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1992

The purpose of the WHI is to study cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The 

program consists of three major components: a randomized controlled clinical trial of HRT, dietary modification, and 

calcium/vitamin D supplementation; an observational study to identify predictors of disease; and a study of community 

approaches to developing healthful behaviors.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2004—$57,483,316

Fiscal Years 2000–2003*—$615,132,161

Total Funding to Date—$672,615,477

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-22110

2. University of Medicine

and Dentistry of New Jersey

Newark, New Jersey —WH-24152

3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-32100

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —WH-32101

5. University of Iowa 

College of Medicine 

Iowa City, Iowa —WH-32102

6. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —WH-32105

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —WH-32106

8. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —WH-32108

9. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —WH-32109

10. University of Medicine 

and Dentistry of New Jersey

Newark, New Jersey —WH-32110

11. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —WH-32111

12. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —WH-32112

13. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —WH-32113

14. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —WH-32115

15. University of Tennessee 

Memphis, Tennessee —WH-32118

16. Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island

Pawtucket, Rhode Island —WH-32119

17. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —WH-32120

18. State University of New York at Buffalo 

Buffalo, New York —WH-32122

19. American College of Obstetricians

and Gynecologists

Washington, DC —WH-34205

20. University of California, Irvine

Irvine, California —WH-42107

21. The George Washington University 

Washington, DC —WH-42108

22. Stanford University

Stanford, California —WH-42109 

23. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —WH-42110

24. University of Texas 

Health Science Center 

San Antonio, Texas —WH-42111

25. The Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —WH-42112

26. University of Nevada 

School of Medicine 

Reno, Nevada —WH-42113

27. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —WH-42114

28. State University of New York 

at Stony Brook 

Stony Brook, New York —WH-42115

29. University of Massachusetts 

Medical School 

Worcester, Massachusetts —WH-42116

30. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —WH-42117

31. Wayne State University

Detroit, Michigan —WH-42118

32. Albert Einstein College of Medicine

New York, New York —WH-42119

33. Harbor-UCLA Research 

and Education Institute

Torrance, California —WH-42120

* This figure reflects funding for the clinical trials and observational studies only. From 1992–98, major support was provided through the Office of the Director, 

NIH. The Community Prevention Study receives funding through an interagency agreement with the CDC: $4,000,000 in FY 1999 and $12,000,000 from 

FY 1996–98.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

135

34. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —WH-42121

35. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —WH-42122

36. Medlantic Research Institute 

Washington, DC —WH-42123

37. Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s 

Medical Center 

Chicago, Illinois —WH-42124

38. University of California, Los Angeles

School of Medicine

Los Angeles, California —WH-42125

39. University of Cincinnati 

Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —WH-42126

40. University of Florida 

College of Medicine 

Gainesville, Florida —WH-42129

41. University of Hawaii at Manoa

Honolulu, Hawaii —WH-42130

42. University of Miami

Miami, Florida —WH-42131

43. University of Wisconsin 

Madison, Wisconsin —WH-42132

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Chapter 12. Minority Activites

137

 Throughout its history, the NHLBI has been a 

leader in conducting and supporting research to 

eliminate health disparities that exist between various segments of the U.S. population. The Institute 

has not only initiated research projects with significant minority participation in order to compare 

health status between various populations, but also 

given high priority to programs that focus exclusively on minority health issues. 

Since FY 1991, the Institute has had procedures in 

place to ensure full compliance with the NIH Policy 

on Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in 

Clinical Research. As a result, all NHLBI-supported 

research that involves human subjects includes 

minorities, with the exception of a very few projects 

for which a compelling justification for limited 

diversity in the study population exists. Thus, all 

segments of the population, both minority and nonminority, stand to benefit from the Institute’s 

research programs. 

It has long been a goal of the NHLBI to increase 

the number of individuals from underrepresented 

groups in biomedical and behavioral research. 

Selected FY 2004 activities addressing this goal 

include:

• Minority K–12 Initiative for Teachers and 

Students (MKITS): Supports research, 

development, and evaluation of innovative 

science training programs to provide minority 

students in grades K–12 with the exposure, 

skills, and knowledge that will encourage them 

to pursue advanced studies in biomedical and 

behavioral sciences. 

• Historically Black Colleges and Universities 

(HBCU) Research Scientist Award: Supports 

efforts by HBCU to recruit an established 

research scientist in cardiovascular, lung, or 

blood health and disease; transfusion medicine; 

or sleep disorders. 

• Sickle Cell Scholars Program: Supports career 

development of young or new investigators in 

SCD research. 

• Summer for Sickle Cell Science Program: As 

part of the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers 

program, supports research training and 

mentoring of individuals from high school to 

junior investigator level.

• Student National Medical Association 

Externship in Sickle Cell Disease: Supports an 

8-week clinical rotation in SCD for third- and 

fourth-year medical students at an NHLBIfunded medical institution engaged in sickle 

cell research and patient care. 

• Research Scientist Award for Minority 

Institutions: Strengthens the biomedical and 

behavioral research capabilities and resources 

of minority institutions by recruiting an 

established scientist with expertise in areas 

related to cardiovascular, lung, or blood health 

and disease; transfusion medicine; or sleep 

disorders. 

• Cultural Competence and Health Disparity 

Academic Award: Enhances the ability of 

physicians and other health care professionals 

to reduce disparities—in a culturally sensitive 

manner—in cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases, and sleep disorders among various 

population groups.

• Partnership Programs To Reduce Cardiovascular Disparities: Expand the capacity of 

research institutions to reduce health disparities, 

encourage more researchers to focus on 

minority health, and improve minority 

acceptance and community willingness to 

participate in research by pairing researchintensive medical centers that have a track 

record of NIH-supported research and patient 

care with minority health care serving 

institutions that lack a strong research program. 

Research will focus on the complex biological, 

behavioral, and societal factors that result in 

cardiovascular health disparities in their target 

populations (e.g., African Americans, 

Hispanics, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific 

Islanders).

The Office of Minority Health Affairs (OMHA) 

within the OD provides oversight for, and coordinates, supports, and evaluates Institute programs 

related to minority health outcomes, including 

12. Minority Activities
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activites

138

research, research training and career development, 

public outreach, and translation of research findings. 

The OMHA also coordinates activities to foster greater 

participation of underrepresented minorities in NHLBI 

research and research training programs. Selected FY 

2004 activities include:

• Issuing four minority training and career development RFAs to increase the number of highly 

trained minority individuals conducting biomedical 

and behavioral research.

• Participating in HHS-Endorsed Minority Organization Internship Programs by providing positions in 

NHLBI extramural divisions to students from the 

National Association for Equal Opportunity in 

Higher Education, the Hispanic Association of 

Colleges and Universities, and the Washington 

Internships for Native Students programs. 

• Cosponsoring with the NIH, the Cherokee 

Elementary School Project: Out of the Box, which 

is designed to create awareness and interest in the 

importance of science, medicine, and health; 

eliminate gaps in quality of health among minorities 

by encouraging health-related careers; and encourage youngsters to take responsibility for their own 

health.

• Supporting the African American, Hispanic, and 

Native American Youth Initiatives to bring minority 

students to the NIH campus for scientific presentations, an introduction to NHLBI research training 

and career development programs, and a tour of 

NHLBI laboratories. 

• Providing undergraduate Tougaloo College Scholars 

the opportunity to observe biomedical research at 

the NHLBI during a 3-day tour of the NIH that 

included learning about the NIH and available 

research training opportunities.

See Chapter 13 for additional NHLBI-supported 

minority research training and career development 

programs. 

The following text describes selected current projects 

that focus on minority populations and reflect the Institute’s research portfolio related to minority health; additional information can be found in Chapters 9 through 11.

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Risk Factors

Epidemiology

Long-term epidemiologic studies are critical to uncovering risk factors that lead to disease. The Institute has 

initiated several major studies of heart disease focused 

significantly or completely on minority populations.

• CARDIA (see Chapter 10): To determine the 

evolution of CHD risk factors and lifestyle 

characteristics in young adults that may influence 

development of risk factors prior to middle age; 50 

percent of the participants are black. 

• ARIC (see Chapter 10): To investigate the association of CHD risk factors with development of 

atherosclerosis and CVD in an adult population; 30 

percent of the participants are black.

• CHS (see Chapter 10): To examine risk factors for 

CHD and stroke in the elderly; 16 percent of the 

participants are minorities.

• Strong Heart Study (see Chapter 9): To compare 

risk factor levels and morbidity and mortality from 

CVD among American Indians from three different 

geographic locations.

• JHS (see Chapter 10): To identify environmental 

and genetic factors influencing evolution and 

progression of CVD in blacks.

• MESA (see Chapter 10): To examine the 

characteristics of subclinical CVD that predict 

progression to clinically overt CVD and related risk 

factors that predict subclinical disease in blacks, 

whites, Hispanics, and Asians; 62 percent of the 

participants are minorities.

• GOCADAN (see Chapter 9): To document CVD 

risk factors and measures of subclinical disease and 

to identify and characterize genes that contribute to 

CVD in approximately 40 extended Alaska Native 

families. 

• HEIRS (see Chapter 10): To determine the 

prevalence of hereditary hemochromatosis; to 

identify genetic and environmental determinants and 

potential clinical, personal, and societal impacts of 

iron overload in an adult population consisting of 28 

percent blacks, 13 percent Asians, and 13 percent 

Hispanics.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activites

139

Several investigator-initiated epidemiologic studies are 

examining gene–environment interactions that increase 

CVD risk factors among various racial groups. Included 

among them are studies that compare gene–environment 

interactions in black populations in Africa, the Caribbean, and selected areas of the United States; determine 

the genes responsible for CVD risk factor response to 

dietary fat changes in blacks; investigate genes influencing changes in blood pressure in response to high- and 

low-salt diets in a rural Chinese population; and identify 

and map specific genes that contribute to CVD risk in 

Mexican Americans.

A study of the etiology of atherosclerosis focusing on 

diet and oxidative mechanisms is examining new risk 

factors that promote or inhibit LDL damage and inflammatory responses in the artery wall. Investigators seek to 

determine the relationship between longitudinal change 

in atherosclerosis and dietary antioxidants, antioxidant 

enzymes, and genetic polymorphisms; 43 percent of the 

participants are Hispanic.

The NHLBI supports research on the impact of adolescent lifestyle on the development of CVD. One project 

being conducted in youths, half of whom are black, is 

assessing the influences of diet and exercise on adiposity 

and regional fat distribution and the subsequent relationship between the two factors and development of CVD. 

Another is tracking the development of cardiovascular, 

behavioral, and physiological risk factors in Hispanic 

children and adolescents.

An ancillary study to MESA is seeking to determine 

whether impairment of myocardial perfusion reserve can 

serve as a marker of CHD. Scientists hypothesize that 

impaired myocardial perfusion reserve indicates the presence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and coronary 

microvascular disease. Developing a new measure of 

subclinical disease would enable early interventions and 

lifestyle modifications to prevent CHD. Fifty percent of 

the population will be Hispanic. Other ancillary studies 

to MESA are investigating progression of carotid atherosclerosis, association of risk factors with arteriosclerosis 

measured in retinal vessels, and the relationship of sex 

hormones to subclinical CVD and other risk factors in 

men and women.

Additional epidemiologic studies being supported 

include (1) a multicenter study to investigate cardiovascular and metabolic responses to endurance training, contribution of genetic factors to the accompanying response 

of CVD, and type 2 diabetes risk factors in a population 

that is 46 percent black; (2) a study of Chagas’ disease—

a leading cause of heart disease throughout Latin 

America—to identify genetic determinants of susceptibility to infection and differential disease pathogenesis in 

a black population residing in rural Brazil; (3) a project to 

use pooled data from nine existing U.S. studies to compare between blacks and whites, CHD incidence and 

mortality rates, exposure–outcome relationship, patterns 

of comorbidity, and population attributable risk; and (4) a 

project to examine the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics and the prevalence 

and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in an ethnically diverse population consisting of approximately 30 

percent blacks, 10 percent Asians, and 20 percent Hispanics.

Treatment and Prevention

Many evidence-based guidelines for treatment of risk 

factors or disease have been developed, but they often are 

not adhered to by patients—especially minority populations—or adopted in routine clinical practice. The Institute has initiated the following activities to address this 

important problem:

• Trials Assessing Innovative Strategies To Improve 

Clinical Practice Through Guidelines in Heart, 

Lung, and Blood Diseases: To identify obstacles to 

implementing national evidence-based guidelines 

and test interventions to promote their use in clinical 

practice. Several approaches will be tested, 

including use of decision support tools; interactive 

seminars; internet learning; a computerized patient 

activation tool placed in the waiting room of 

primary care offices; and performance feedback and 

practice profiling.

• Overcoming Barriers to Treatment Adherence in 

Minorities and Persons Living in Poverty: To 

overcome barriers to treatment adherence for 

lifestyle changes and pharmacologic therapy in 

minorities and persons living in poverty. Studies are 

testing several approaches, such as telephone-based 

interventions, nurse case management and counseling, and patient and physician education intervention in clinical and community settings designed to 

overcome patient, provider, and medical systems 

barriers that impede treatment adherence. Urban 

and rural blacks, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and 

women are the targeted groups.

Education

The NHLBI, through its education programs (see 

Chapter 2), disseminates health information to physi-
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activites

140

cians, health care professionals, patients, and the public 

on ways to prevent or treat diseases within the Institute’s 

mandate. It has developed the following programs to 

combat cardiovascular health disparities among four 

major cultural/ethnic groups: blacks, Hispanics, American Indians and Alaska Natives, and Asian Americans 

and Pacific Islanders. In addition, the NHLBI is exploring opportunities to reach residents of public housing 

communities nationally with science-based information 

on lifestyles and behaviors that can prevent, treat, and 

manage CVD.

• Cardiovascular Health Outreach and Education in 

Public Housing Communities: To empower blacks 

who reside in Baltimore City public housing 

developments to take charge of improving their 

cardiovascular health by adopting a heart healthy 

lifestyle.

• Salud para su Corazón: To disseminate information 

on CVD prevention, intervention, and treatment and 

promote heart healthy behaviors in Hispanic 

communities. 

• NHLBI-Indian Health Service Partnership to 

Strengthen the Heartbeat of American Indian and 

Alaska Native (AI/AN) Communities: To develop 

and implement effective approaches to improve the 

cardiovascular health, including implementation of 

tailored heart health strategies, in three tribal 

communities and creation of a national cardiovascular health training program, “Honoring the Gift of 

Heart Health,” with the Indian Health Service.

NHLBI Asian American and Pacific Islanders Heart 

Health Outreach Project: To develop culturally and linguistically appropriate outreach activities and tools (e.g., 

CVD risk factor fact sheets) to increase community 

awareness of heart disease and its associated risk factors 

and to promote heart healthy lifestyles among a diverse 

Asian American and Pacific Islander population.

In addition to the activities mentioned above, the Institute has prepared publications on CVD prevention for 

minority populations. Examples include:

• Improving Cardiovascular Health in African 

Americans—Package of Seven Easy-To-Read 

Booklets

• Heart-Healthy Home Cooking African American 

Style

• Nine Easy-to-Read Booklets in Spanish and English 

on Heart Health

• Bringing Heart Health to Latinos: A Guide for 

Building Community Programs

• Filipinos Aspire for Healthy Hearts Fact Sheets in 

Tagalog and English

• Vietnamese Aspire for Healthy Hearts Fact Sheets

in Vietnamese and English

• Filipinos Take It To Heart: A How-To Guide for 

Bringing Heart Health to Your Community

• Treat Your Heart to a Healthy Celebration.

The educational materials listed throughout this chapter may be obtained from the NHLBI public Web site or 

through the NHLBI online catalog.

High Blood Pressure

Etiology and Pathophysiology

High blood pressure is a serious health problem that is 

especially prevalent and severe among minorities. 

Institute-initiated studies addressing the etiology and 

pathophysiology of high blood pressure include:

• Molecular Genetics of Hypertension (see Chapter 

9): To determine the etiology and pathogenesis of 

hypertension and its complications in order to 

improve diagnosis and treatment of the disease. 

Many of the subprojects have a high percentage of 

minority participation; others target blacks or 

Hispanics exclusively.

• Family Blood Pressure Program (see Chapter 9): 

To use a network of investigators to identify genes 

associated with high blood pressure and to examine 

interactions between genetic and environmental 

determinants of hypertension in specific minority 

populations: blacks, Mexican Americans, and 

Asian Americans.

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated projects to examine antecedents of hypertension 

in children to determine racial differences in blood pressure regulation. One study is determining relationships 

between cardiovascular reactivity in adolescent normotensive blacks and development of pathobiologic markers of hypertension risk (i.e., increased resting blood 

pressure, left ventricular mass, and relative wall thickness) later in life. Another is investigating the genetics 

of cardiovascular reactivity in black youth.

Impaired sodium regulation also appears to be linked 

to the development of hypertension. Scientists are investigating the effects of stress on salt retention and measur-
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141

ing hormonal variables known to influence sodium 

regulation in a population of obese and nonobese black 

youths. They are seeking to determine whether the 

mechanisms regulating sodium retention differ between 

the two groups. Another group of scientists is examining 

the role of sodium and obesity in hypertension development among blacks living in three different environments: Nigeria, Jamaica, and Chicago. 

Investigators have observed that blacks have an augmented blood pressure response to salt. A study has been 

initiated to improve understanding of the genetic basis 

and phenotypic characterization of salt-sensitive hypertension in blacks. 

Researchers also are examining the influence of SES 

and ethnic discrimination on stress reactivity to determine if it provides a pathophysiologic link to CVD in 

blacks. One group is studying the combined influence of 

low SES and ethnicity on development of behavioral risk 

factors and testing the extent to which they mediate associations between sociodemographic factors, stress, and 

cardiovascular markers in adolescents. Another group is 

assessing the relationship between early life exposure to 

socioeconomic stressors such as adverse socioeconomic 

conditions, low levels of social integration, and racial 

discrimination, and development of hypertension in 

blacks.

Stress may be a major contributor to CVD among 

American Indians. Investigators are evaluating the longterm effects of posttraumatic stress disorder—a common 

disorder among reservation-dwelling Indians—on the 

cardiovascular system and the role of lifestyle, cultural, 

and biological mediators in the relationship of posttraumatic stress disorders with coronary flow reserve and 

heart rate variability.

The role of dietary factors, particularly macronutrients, 

in the etiology of high blood pressure is another area of 

investigation. Scientists are conducting epidemiologic 

studies among participants with diverse ethnicity, SES, 

and dietary habits in four countries to determine the 

impact of selected dietary components (proteins, lipids, 

carbohydrates, amino acids, calcium, magnesium, 

sodium, potassium, antioxidants, fiber, and caffeine) on 

blood pressure.

The NHLBI supports a number of studies to identify 

genes linked to hypertension in blacks, Mexican

Americans, and whites to determine if part of the disparity in prevalence can be attributed to genetic differences 

among the groups. Genes under investigation include 

those associated with the renin-angiotensin system, the 

kallikrein-kinin system, and sodium transport.

Treatment and Prevention

Identifying effective treatment strategies for various 

populations requires large-scale studies with representative populations in sufficient numbers. 

• ALLHAT (see Chapter 11): To compare the 

combined incidence of fatal CHD and nonfatal MI 

among patients receiving ACE inhibitors, calcium 

antagonists, or alpha-1 blockers and patients in a 

control group receiving a diuretic. Also, in a subset 

of these groups, to determine whether cholesterollowering therapy reduces mortality in moderately 

hypercholesterolemic individuals compared with a 

control group; 32 percent of the participants are 

black and 19 percent are Hispanic. Research 

findings demonstrated that the less expensive 

traditional diuretics are at least as effective as newer 

medicines in treating high blood pressure and 

preventing some forms of heart disease. 

Although it is well known that reducing hypertension 

will reduce CVD rates, the implementation of evidencebased guidelines for hypertension treatment in clinical 

practice is not very high. To address this issue, the 

NHLBI initiated a program to improve hypertension control rates in blacks, a group with the highest prevalence 

and earliest onset of hypertension and disparately high 

premature cardiovascular mortality and morbidity: 

• Interventions To Improve Hypertension Control 

Rates in African Americans: To evaluate the 

feasibility of clinical interventions directed at the 

medical care delivery system to increase the 

proportion of blacks who have their blood pressure 

controlled to levels specified by the JNC VII 

guidelines.

Understanding racial differences in blood pressure 

control is an area of major interest for the Institute. Scientists are examining whether variations in genes of the 

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system predict differences 

in blood pressure response to diuretic therapy among 

hypertensive blacks and whites. Research also is being 

focused on variations in the ACE gene between blacks 

and whites to explain racial differences in the antihypertensive responsiveness to ACE inhibitors.
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Education

The NHLBI (see Chapter 2) has developed a number 

of outreach activities to inform minority populations of 

the importance of blood pressure control. Included 

among them are a toll-free number that provides materials on hypertension in English or Spanish; mini telenovelas (Más vale prevenir que lamentar), “health moments” 

to reinforce CVD prevention for local Spanish-language 

television stations; a Spanish version of the High Blood 

Pressure Education Month Kit; and several publications 

for health professionals, patients, and the public. 

Below are some examples:

• Sí se Puede: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta con Actividad Física

• Plan de Alimentación Saludable Contra la 

Hipertensión: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta Siguiendo el Plan de Alimentación 

Conocida Como DASH 

• Sí se Puede: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta. Lo Que Usted Debe Saber Sobre la 

Preventión y Control de la Presión Arterial Alta

• Sí se Puede: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta. Lo Que los Médicos Deben Saber

• Take Steps To Prevent High Blood Pressure in 

English and Spanish

• Cut Down on Salt and Sodium in English and 

Spanish

• Churches as an Avenue to High Blood Pressure 

Control 

• Working With Religious Congregations: A Guide 

for Health Professionals

• Protect Your Heart! Prevent High Blood Pressure

• Spice up Your Life! Eat Less Salt and Sodium

• Keep the Harmony Within You—Check Your Blood 

Pressure

• Keep Your Heart in Check—Know Your Blood 

Pressure Number in Tagalog and English and in 

Vietnamese and English. 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee Activities

The organizations that belong to the NHBPEP coordinating committee have continuing education programs 

on the prevention and treatment of hypertension that are 

focused on their minority members. They also support 

hypertension prevention and awareness in communitybased settings such as screening and church activities, 

community awareness campaigns, and media events. 

High Serum Cholesterol

Etiology

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated projects to identify genes that influence the lipoprotein profile within various racial and ethnic groups. 

Research findings could offer an explanation for differences in susceptibility to CHD found between various 

racial and ethnic groups.

Scientists also are interested in the protective effect of 

HDL. One study is focusing on isolating and characterizing native HDL species to determine their structure and 

function. Research findings may lead to new strategies 

to prevent and treat arteriosclerotic heart disease. Thirtyeight percent of the participants are minorities.

Variation in hepatic lipase activity is associated with 

differences in plasma concentrations of HDL and LDL 

synthesis and catabolism. Researchers are investigating 

whether ethnic differences in hepatic lipase activity are 

responsible for the well-known differences in plasma 

HDL concentrations found in blacks and whites. Genetic 

studies are being conducted on a population that is 39 

percent black.

Prevention

The NHLBI is supporting an investigator-initiated 

study among minority preschool children to track the 

long-term effectiveness of nutrition interventions on 

blood cholesterol and diet. Additional potential risk factors, such as increased blood pressure, obesity, and intention to smoke, also will be monitored.

Education

The NCEP (see Chapter 2) has prepared the following 

publications on blood cholesterol for minority audiences. 

• Learn Your Cholesterol Number in Spanish and 

English

• Protect Your Heart—Lower Your Blood Cholesterol

in Spanish and English

• Heart-Healthy Home Cooking African American 

Style

• Delicious Heart-Healthy Latino Recipes

• Cut Down on Fat—Not on Taste in Spanish and 

English

• Empower Yourself! Learn Your Cholesterol Number

• Be Heart Smart! Eat Foods Lower in Saturated Fats 

and Cholesterol
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• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Treat 

Your Heart to a Healthy Celebration

• Serve Up a Healthy Life—Give the Gift of Good 

Nutrition in Tagalog and English

• Serve Up a Healthy Life With Good Nutrition in

Vietnamese and English.

Obesity

Etiology 

The latest NHANES data show a continued rise in the 

proportion of Americans who are overweight; black 

women are especially at risk. To understand the reasons 

for the racial disparity among women, the Institute initiated a long-term program, the NHLBI Growth and Health 

Study (NGHS), to examine the development of obesity 

and CVD risk factors in a biracial cohort of young girls. 

The study, which ended in FY 2000, found black girls 

consumed more calories and a higher percentage of calories from fat and watched more television than white 

girls. An investigator-initiated study using the NGHS 

cohort, starting at ages 18 to 19 years, is examining the 

changes in cardiac output and total peripheral resistance 

that occur with developing obesity and their influence on 

ethnic difference in blood pressure regulation. Another 

project, using data from the NGHS, is examining CHD 

risk factors in black and white girls to identify genes 

involved in black–white differences in lipid metabolism 

and obesity. 

Pregnancy is often associated with excess weight gain 

and postpartum weight retention that can lead to obesity. 

Understanding the determinants of pregnancy-associated 

weight gain and retention is the focus of a project being 

conducted within a predominantly black and Hispanic 

population of pregnant adolescents.

Prevention and Treatment

The NHLBI has initiated a program to prevent obesity 

in high-risk children.

• GEMS (see Chapter 9): To test the effectiveness of 

weight-control interventions (involving diet, 

physical activity, and psychosocial and familial 

influences) administered during the critical 

transition period from prepuberty to puberty in black 

girls at high risk for obesity.

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies on the effectiveness of obesity prevention and control interventions among diverse populations. 

Black and Hispanic parents and children at Head Start 

sites are participating in a nutrition education and weightcontrol program; 70 percent of the participants will be 

minorities. Another study will test the effectiveness of a 

family-based intervention to prevent obesity in lowincome Latino children. 

A school-based study involving predominantly minority children is determining whether reducing the amount 

of time children spend watching television and videos 

and playing video games prevents obesity. A project 

with a subject population consisting of Asians, Hispanics, and whites is testing an integrated school- and 

community-based intervention involving physical activity and diet to reduce the prevalence of obesity. An ancillary study to an Institute-initiated program to reduce the 

decline in physical activity in adolescent girls (TAAG) is 

investigating the influence of community characteristics 

(e.g., street design, access to public transportation, facilities for physical activity, population mix, and socioeconomic mix of the neighborhood) on physical activity 

levels and body mass index; approximately 50 percent of 

the girls are minority.

The Institute is supporting a weight loss maintenance 

trial to test the effectiveness of two strategies to promote 

the long-term maintenance of weight loss in adults who 

recently lost weight; about 40 percent of the population 

will be black. Another study will evaluate the effectiveness of diets of different macronutrient compositions to 

promote and sustain weight loss in adults; approximately 

25 percent of the population will be black.

Black women are the subjects of a weight management 

program specifically tailored to their psychosocial, sociocultural, and health perspectives and life circumstances. 

A study using data from the NHANES III is seeking to 

determine whether multiple perceptions and behaviors 

related to weight loss cluster according to sociodemographic characteristics. Research findings may lead to 

the design of culturally sensitive intervention strategies 

for minorities. Blacks and Mexican Americans at various 

SES levels constitute the major portion of the population 

surveyed. 

Education

The NHLBI OEI (see Chapter 2) has prepared health 

information on losing excess weight for minorities.

• Watch Your Weight in English and Spanish

• Embrace Your Health! Lose Weight if You Are 

Overweight.
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Physical Inactivity

The Institute has initiated research on the effectiveness 

of intervention programs to encourage greater physical 

activity within selected groups. 

• TAAG (see Chapter 11): To test the effectiveness of 

school–community-linked interventions to reduce 

the decline in physical activity in adolescent girls, 

from grades 6 through 8. Of 3,600 girls from 36 

schools, approximately 30 percent will be 

minorities.

The NHLBI supports several investigator-initiated 

studies on strategies to increase physical activity among 

minority populations. Included among them are studies 

to examine the effect of vigorous exercise on reduction 

of childhood obesity in black girls. Adolescent girls are 

the focus of a number of projects to determine the optimal amount of exercise required for primary prevention 

of CHD, provide culturally relevant physical activities, 

enhance social support for exercise, and test the effects 

of different amounts and intensities of physical activity 

on CVD risk factors. Hispanic women and women with 

low SES and literacy skills are subjects in two intervention projects to encourage sustained increases in physical 

activity among sedentary and underserved groups. One 

of the projects also is seeking to determine the degree of 

generalization of activity from wife to husband and 

mother to child. 

Education

The Institute has prepared for minorities the following 

publications on the importance of physical activity and 

ways to become more physically active.

• Stay Active and Feel Better in English and Spanish

• Energize Yourself! Stay Physically Active

• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Be 

Active for Your Heart!

• Be Active for a Healthy Heart in Tagalog and 

English

• Be Active for a Healthier Heart in Vietnamese and 

English.

The Institute also has developed a Web-based application on physical activity for lay health educators in 

English and Spanish, which can be found at http://

hin.nhlbi.nih.gov/salud/pa/index.htm. 

Smoking 

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated smoking intervention and follow-up cessation 

maintenance studies that specifically target minorities. 

Two studies are evaluating the effectiveness of two 

smoking cessation programs for smokers who seek treatment at the hospital emergency department. One study 

involves patients who suffer from acute respiratory illness; approximately 35 percent are minorities. The other 

targets Chinese American patients hospitalized with 

CVD, pulmonary disease, or diabetes mellitus.

Other projects being supported include a study to 

assess the extent of smoking onset and cessation in 

minority youths, identify determinants of smoking onset, 

and determine predictors of cessation; a study of elderly 

smokers (40 percent minority) to evaluate the effectiveness of three smoking cessation strategies; and an intervention study tailored to an underserved population at 

risk for smoking relapse, smoking onset, and smokeless 

tobacco use.

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on smoking cessation for minorities. 

• Kick the Smoking Habit in English and Spanish

• Refresh Yourself! Stop Smoking

• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Help 

Your Heart

• Don’t Burn Your Life Away—Be Good to Your Heart

in Tagalog and English and in Vietnamese and 

English. 

Psychosocial Factors

The NHLBI has initiated research on the effect of 

depression, anxiety, and lack of social support on prognosis after a CHD event.

• ENRICHD (see Chapter 11): To determine the 

effects of psychosocial interventions on morbidity 

and mortality in post-MI patients who were 

depressed and socially isolated and/or who perceived themselves as lacking support from family 

and friends; 34 percent of the participants were 

minorities. Despite the treatment group’s improvement in psychological and social functioning and 

quality of life, no difference in heart disease 

survival or second heart attack rate was 

demonstrated compared to the control group, who 

also reported improvement in their psychological 

well-being. 

The Institute supports investigator-initiated research 

on the role of race and ethnicity, psychosocial and envi-
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145

ronmental factors, and low SES in the development of 

CHD. Scientists are investigating the contribution of 

biobehavioral factors in the etiology, pathogenesis, and 

course of CHD. Racial differences in stress-induced 

physiologic responses also are being examined.

Investigators are interested in the effects of race and 

psychosocial factors, such as hostility, on glucose metabolism. A study was initiated to determine how hostility is 

differentially related to glucose metabolism in blacks and 

whites. Research findings may increase understanding of 

the differences in the etiology of diabetes in the two 

groups.

Additional areas of focus include the genetic basis of 

aggression and the relationships between risk-promoting 

variables (psychosocial stress, smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity); presumed mediating variables (sympathetic nervous system activity and insulin metabolism); 

and CHD risk factors. Fifty to sixty percent of the participants are black or Hispanic.

Ischemic Heart Disease

The NHLBI supports a major multicenter program 

involving basic and clinical research on ischemic heart 

disease in blacks.

• Ischemic Heart Disease in Blacks (see Chapter 9): 

To elucidate the pathophysiological basis for excess 

morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease 

in blacks, and subsequently to develop appropriate 

therapeutic strategies. 

Diabetes

Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians have a high 

prevalence of diabetes. The NHLBI supports research to 

elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the 

relationship between diabetes and elevated risk for CVD. 

Several investigator-initiated studies are examining the 

genetic relationships between noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and atherosclerosis. They 

include a study between two sets of Hispanic families 

with NIDDM, one with CHD and one without; a study in 

Mexican Americans to determine common genes linking 

insulin resistance and coronary artery disease; a project 

in Japanese American families to characterize the genetic 

epidemiology of CHD risk factors (high LDL, risk factors that characterize the insulin resistance syndrome and 

NIDDM, and lipoprotein(a) levels and apo-lipoprotein(a) 

phenotypes); and a project in blacks and Hispanics to 

examine genetic determinants of insulin resistance and 

visceral adiposity as intermediate components in the 

pathways that lead to type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis.

In addition, the Institute supports research on the role 

of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in the development of vascular disease. A study in American Indians 

with NIDDM is seeking to elucidate the underlying biological processes and their interaction in the acceleration 

of atherogenesis. A project in a diverse diabetic patient 

population of blacks, whites, and Hispanics with and 

without carotid atherosclerosis is seeking to understand 

the atherogenicity of hypertriglyceridemia in diabetes by 

focusing on the size and number of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.

Hypertension and diabetes are major contributors to 

CVD and occur disproportionately in blacks. In particular, black women seem to have earlier disease onset and 

poorer outcomes. Scientists are investigating the link 

between hypertension and type 2 diabetes and the relative 

excess of androgen found in black women to determine 

whether insulin resistance, excess androgen, and endothelial dysfunction contribute to accelerated vascular 

injury in blacks.

Other investigator-initiated studies on diabetes and 

CVD risk among minority populations include a survey 

to compare the prevalence of diabetes and CVD risk factors among native Mexicans and Mexican Americans, 

and a study among blacks, whites, and Hispanics with 

existing insulin resistance, including impaired glucose 

tolerance and NIDDM, to identify dietary factors that 

may contribute to elevated CVD risk.

Treatment

The NHLBI supports clinical trials to determine the 

benefits of various strategies to reduce CVD among 

patients with diabetes or treat patients with coronary 

artery disease and diabetes.

• ACCORD (see Chapter 11): To evaluate the 

benefits of different therapies to reduce CVD in type 

2 diabetes; over one-third of the participants are 

minorities.

• BARI 2D (see Chapter 9): To evaluate whether 

urgent revascularization offers an advantage over 

medical therapy in patients with coronary artery 

disease and diabetes. In addition, for a given level 

of glycemic control, to determine whether insulinproviding drugs offer advantages or risks compared 

to insulin sensitizers (drugs that enhance insulin 
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146

action); 33 percent of the participants are from 

minority populations.

• SANDS (see Chapter 9): To compare intensive 

treatment (pharmacologic agents, such as ACE 

inhibitors and simvastatin for high blood pressure 

and LDL cholesterol) to conventional treatment in 

488 American Indians with diabetes, ages 40 or 

older. The primary outcome measure is change in 

carotid intimal-medial thickness.

Lung Diseases

The NHLBI supports research on a number of lung 

diseases, such as asthma, sarcoidosis, and TB, that disproportionately affect minorities. The following section 

provides examples of research to address health disparities in lung diseases. 

Asthma

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by 

inflammation of the airways. Various genetic and environmental factors contribute to the severity of symptoms. 

The Institute has launched a collaborative program to 

investigate the mechanistic basis for severe asthma and 

to determine how it differs from mild-to-moderate 

asthma.

The NHLBI is supporting a number of investigatorinitiated projects on the etiology and pathophysiology of 

asthma. Two studies are using genomic screening to 

search for the genetic basis of asthma, one in a large 

sample of Asian siblings who are already known to differ 

widely in their airway responsiveness (sensitivity to histamine) and lung function and another in a homogeneous 

Hispanic population in Costa Rica. A third study is identifying genes contributing to asthma severity in blacks, a 

population disproportionately affected in the United 

States.

Other projects are focusing on understanding the 

mechanisms by which environmental factors trigger the 

onset of asthma. One study is investigating the role of 

viruses in the exacerbation of asthma; 50 percent of the 

participants are minorities. Another is examining how 

pulmonary infection caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae 

exacerbates asthma and prolongs abnormalities in lung 

function; 40 percent of the participants are minority. A 

third study is seeking to understand the role of gene–

environment interactions in the development of immune 

responses in a pediatric population that is genetically 

predisposed to asthma; 40 percent of the participants are 

Hispanic.

Occupational- or environmental-induced asthma is a 

major problem, especially among low-income, urban 

blacks and Hispanics. The NHLBI is supporting a 

project to examine work-related asthma in those populations.

Circadian change in airway function is an important 

aspect of asthma; more than 70 percent of deaths and 

80 percent of respiratory arrests occur during sleep. 

Researchers are investigating the mechanisms that cause 

the changes in airway function in nocturnal asthma that 

lead to exacerbation of symptoms; 36 percent of the participants are minority.

Treatment and Control

The Institute has initiated research to identify optimal 

drug strategies for treatment and management of asthma. 

Because the disorder disproportionately affects minority 

children, it is important for them to be well represented 

in clinical trials.

• ACRN (see Chapter 9): To establish an interactive 

network of asthma clinical research groups to 

conduct studies of new therapies for asthma and 

disseminate findings to the practicing community. 

Overall, 37 percent of the participants are from 

minority populations.

• CAMP (see Chapter 11): To determine whether 

inhaled corticosteroids are safe and effective for 

long-term treatment of children with mild-tomoderate asthma. The therapy proved more 

effective than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory 

medication and significantly reduced airway 

hyperresponsiveness. The only side-effect was a 

transient slowing in growth rate during the first year 

of treatment; 31 percent of the participants were 

minorities.

• CARE (see Chapter 11): To establish a network of 

pediatric clinical care centers to determine optimal 

treatment and management strategies for children 

with asthma. The study will attempt to customize 

therapy based on specific asthma phenotypes and 

genotypes; 30 percent of the population will be 

minorities.

• Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities (see 

Chapter 9): To establish partnerships between 

minority-serving institutions and research-intensive 

institutions to conduct studies on causes of and 

corrections for disparities in asthma among racial/ 
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147

ethnic and low SES populations. Reciprocal 

training is encouraged to ensure culturally sensitive 

projects and enhance research capabilities. 

The Institute also is supporting an investigatorinitiated study on the effect of steroids on enhanced 

alpha-adrenergic vascular responsiveness in asthma; 

77 percent of the participants are minority.

Translational Activities

Ensuring full use of modern asthma treatment strategies is an important goal of the NHLBI. An investigatorinitiated study, conducted in black communities in 

Baltimore, is examining the effectiveness of two asthma 

interventions to reduce emergency room visits, improve 

adherence to medication schedules, and lower asthma 

morbidity. One strategy provides assistance to families 

in accessing medical care; the other combines this assistance with a family intervention to encourage consistent 

use of asthma medication. Another study is determining 

whether shared decisionmaking between patients and 

physicians in choosing asthma therapy improves adherence; 82 percent of the participants are minority.

Two studies are evaluating the benefits of administering drug treatment to children at school. One is a 

Birmingham-based study involving a predominately 

black population with moderate-to-severe asthma. The 

other is a New York City-based study that is establishing 

a collaboration between school nurses and primary care 

physicians to form a network to prevent asthma attacks. 

The project is identifying school children with asthma 

and working with their families and physicians to 

develop an asthma management plan that includes supervision of drug treatment at school. It refers children who 

lack continuing care to physicians who follow the 

NAEPP Guidelines. 

In Detroit, investigators are developing and evaluating 

computer-based instructions and peer counseling for 

teens with asthma. All of the participants enrolled are 

black.

In San Diego, scientists are evaluating an intervention 

project to reduce tobacco-related morbidity among low 

SES Hispanic children with asthma. By collaborating 

with Hispanic counselors, researchers have developed a 

behavioral program that seeks to reduce environmental 

tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in children with asthma. 

In Ohio, investigators are testing the effects of reducing indoor ETS on asthma symptoms, pulmonary function, airway inflammation, and health services use; 44 

percent of the participants are minorities. 

Another ETS intervention program is being tested 

among predominately low SES black and Hispanic children in Los Angeles. Researchers are evaluating the 

effectiveness of two low-cost interventions (one involving counseling and booster telephone calls and the other 

involving a video and household reminder kit) to reduce 

asthma morbidity. 

In St. Louis, a randomized controlled trial is being 

conducted among young black children recruited at the 

time of an emergency department visit for asthma exacerbation. Investigators are testing the effectiveness of an 

intervention strategy that includes case management, 

telephone contacts, and a monetary incentive to increase 

follow-up visits to primary care providers.

Education

The NAEPP (see Chapter 2) has developed easy-toread materials on asthma treatment and control directed 

to audiences with low literacy.

• Facts About Controlling Your Asthma

• El asthma: Cómo Controlar Esta Enfermedad.

Chronic Lung Disease in Premature Infants

The NHLBI supports research on prevention of 

chronic lung disease (bronchopulmonary dysplasia) in 

preterm infants.

• Inhaled Nitric Oxide (NO) for the Prevention of 

Chronic Lung Disease (CLD) (see Chapter 9): To 

determine if low-dose inhaled NO will reduce CLD 

in premature newborns (gestational age less than 34 

weeks and birth weight between 500 and 1,250 

grams at birth) with respiratory failure that required 

mechanical ventilation in the first 48 hours of life; 

27 percent of the infants will be from minority 

populations.

• Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic Lung 

Disease (see Chapter 9): To investigate whether 

low-dose inhaled NO administered to preterm 

infants between 500 and 1,250 grams birth weight 

who continue to require mechanical ventilation at 

10 days of age increases survival without CLD at 36 

weeks postmenstrual age; 55 percent of the infants 

will be from minority populations. 
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Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown 

etiology that affects the lungs. The Institute has initiated 

a study to elucidate the mechanism involved in the 

disease. 

Investigator-initiated studies on the causes of sarcoidosis include a study to identify genes linked to sarcoidosis 

susceptibility in blacks and to determine if hereditary 

susceptibility predisposes blacks to sarcoidosis, and a 

project to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the 

immunologic and inflammatory processes that ultimately 

lead to end-stage fibrosis in progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis; 50 percent of the participants are black.

Sleep Disorders

The NHLBI supports research on the etiology, pathophysiology, and consequences of sleep-disordered 

breathing (SDB), a condition characterized by repetitive 

interruptions in breathing. Sleep apnea, a common disorder that disproportionately affects blacks, is associated 

with an increased risk of CVD, and is particularly prevalent in heart failure patients. An Institute-initiated program is assessing the interrelationship between sleep 

disorders and heart, lung, and blood diseases. Another 

study will examine the interrelationship between sleep 

apnea and heart failure and the mechanisms leading to 

cardiovascular stress when they occur together. 

The Institute also supports a wide spectrum of 

investigator-initiated projects to elucidate cardiovascular 

and other health consequences of SDB. Ongoing studies 

in various community settings are assessing the health 

risks of SDB within specific ethnic populations, including blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians. A 

study of sleep in black families will investigate whether 

sleep problems contribute to diabetes, and the potential 

relationship to CVD. Characterization of how SDB 

occurs within family groups is helping to identify potential genetic risk factors that may allow early identification and treatment of high-risk individuals. 

Treatment strategies for SDB are another area of interest. A multisite clinical trial was initiated to determine 

whether continuous positive airway pressure is an effective treatment for excessive daytime sleepiness and cognitive impairment associated with moderate-to-severe 

SDB; 30 percent of the participants are minority. 

Tuberculosis

Beginning in 1993, the NHLBI funded five annual 

competitions for Tuberculosis Academic Awards 

(TBAAs). The goal of the TBAA program was to 

improve prevention, management, and control of TB 

by supporting increased opportunities for health care 

practitioners to learn modern principles and practices. 

The TBAA program promoted coordinated clinical 

approaches to the care of patients of various ethnic backgrounds who have TB; raised awareness among health 

care providers of unique ethnic, cultural, and socioeconomic dimensions of TB; focused educational efforts 

in areas where TB incidence is persistently high (e.g., 

immigrant communities, refugee centers, homeless shelters, correctional facilities); promoted development of 

minority faculty capable of providing appropriate 

instruction in diagnosis and management of TB; and 

enhanced TB education programs in minority medical 

schools and in the communities they serve. The program 

ended in 2002. 

Building on the foundation laid by the TBAA program, 

the NHLBI funded a contract for a TB Curriculum Coordinating Center to provide access to the best TB educational and training opportunities in the United States. 

The program is directed at medical schools, nursing 

schools, and allied health schools—especially those that 

provide primary care to communities where TB is 

endemic and the population is at high risk.

In 2001, the Institute initiated a program on Genetic 

Aspects of Tuberculosis in the Lung. Four of the ten 

awards were to institutions conducting genetic studies in 

humans to characterize genes associated with TB susceptibility and host immune responses to infection. A large 

number of the participants being recruited are from 

minority populations. 

The NHLBI supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies focused on understanding the relationship of the immune system to TB. Most of the patients 

are from minority populations with HIV. One group is 

seeking to identify the correlates of protective immunity 

in a Mexican population in order to aid development of 

anti-TB vaccines. Another group will conduct a Phase I 

safety trial on a vaccine with a patient population consisting of 85 percent minorities. A third group is examining 

the role of interferon-gamma in the pathogenesis of TB 

among Hispanics with and without HIV. A fourth group 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activites

149

is identifying and characterizing host factors that predispose Asians to develop TB. In predominately minority 

populations in the United States and South Africa, a new 

study will compare the effectiveness of adding aerosolized interferon-gamma to the usual treatment regimen 

for advanced TB.

The NHLBI also supports research to improve TB 

control among minority populations. One project is 

evaluating educational strategies to improve adherence 

to medication regimens and regular clinic visits among 

TB-infected adolescents in California. The program, 

based in San Diego, is directed at Hispanic adolescents. 

Another study, located in the Harlem community of New 

York City, is testing a new strategy to promote adherence 

to therapy among inner-city TB patients. Both programs 

are outgrowths of behavioral research programs begun 

by the Institute in 1995. 

Blood Diseases

Sickle Cell Disease

SCD is an inherited blood disorder that produces 

chronic anemia, end organ damage, and periodic episodes of pain. It affects about 1 in 500 blacks and 1 in 

1,000 Hispanics. Since 1972, the NHLBI has supported 

an extensive research program to improve understanding 

of the pathophysiology of SCD and uncover better 

approaches for its diagnosis and treatment and for prevention of complications. 

• Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers Program (see 

Chapter 9): To provide a multidisciplinary and 

multilevel research approach to expedite 

development and application of new knowledge for 

improved diagnosis and treatment of SCD and 

prevention of its complications. 

• Reference Laboratory to Evaluate Therapies for 

SCD (see Chapter 9): To use a battery of 

standardized tests for preclinical evaluation of 

potential new therapeutic agents for SCD. 

Basic Research

SCD is caused by hemoglobin polymerization that 

causes red blood cells to become hard, sticky, and shaped 

like sickles or cresents. When sickled cells go through 

small blood vessels, they tend to get stuck and block the 

flow of blood. This can cause pain, damage, and low 

blood count or anemia. Finding improved treatments 

and ultimately a cure for SCD is a major commitment of 

the Institute. NHLBI-supported scientists have learned a 

great deal about sickle cell anemia—what causes it, how 

it affects the patient, and how to treat some of its complications. They also have begun to have success in developing drugs to prevent the symptoms of sickle cell 

anemia and procedures that should ultimately provide a 

cure. 

Advances in basic research include unraveling the 

molecular pathways that lead to sickling, thus allowing 

investigators to test compounds that might interrupt the 

sickling process; discovering the beneficial role of fetal 

hemoglobin in patients with SCD that prevents sickling 

and comfirming the need to find fetal hemoglobinenhancing drugs; developing the transgenic mouse 

model for SCD that allows investigators to study the 

effects of sickle cell anemia in a living organism and 

evaluate experimental treatments that cannot be done in 

humans; and curing a sickle mouse model through gene 

therapy, a significant achievement that brings us close to 

human gene therapy.

Basic research advances reported in FY 2004 include:

• Developing high-throughput robotic screening 

methods to identify active compounds for further 

mechanistic and preclinical evaluation as potential 

therapeutic agents for sickle cell anemia.

• Identifying nitrite as a major bioavailable pool of 

NO, a known vasodilator that could increase blood 

flow to oxygen-deprived tissue. Therapeutic 

application of nitrite could potentially be used to 

treat diseases associated with oxygen-starved tissue, 

such as SCD.

• Establishing the link between a candidate genetic 

modifier in an endothelial NO synthase gene and 

acute chest syndrome (ACS) in female patients with 

SCD. Identifying genetic modifiers of ACS will aid 

in choosing potential therapeutic targets and enable 

individualized treatment.

• Developing the first gene therapy cure of a 

hemoglobinopathy mouse model using purified 

hematopoietic stem cells.

• Treating transgenic SCD mice with vanillin, a food 

additive that binds with sickle hemoglobin, 

prolongs survival under hypoxia, and correlates 

with a reduced number of sickle red cells. Study 

results demonstrate the potential of vanillin to be a 

new and safe antisickling agent for SCD patients.

In 2004, the NHLBI participated in a trans-NIH conference on “New Directions for Sickle Cell Therapy in 

the Genome Era.” One of the recommendations from the 

conference was for the Institute to develop a joint initia-
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activites

150

tive with the National Human Genome Research Institute to apply chemical genomics approaches to SCD 

pathophysiology and therapy.

Clinical Research

The NHLBI is committed to finding improved treatments and ultimately a cure for SCD and other hemoglobinopathies. Institute-initiated studies have begun to 

yield therapies that will alleviate the symptoms of sickle 

cell anemia and procedures that should ultimately provide a cure.

• Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) Patients’ 

Follow-up (see Chapter 11): To determine the toxic 

effects of long-term hydroxyurea use in the patients 

who participated in the adult hydroxyurea clinical 

trial that ended successfully in 1995; 100 percent of 

the participants are black. A significant finding of 

the study was that patients who took hydroxyurea 

for 9 years experienced a 40 percent reduction in 

deaths.

• BABY HUG (see Chapter 11): To assess the 

effectiveness of hydroxyurea in preventing onset of 

chronic organ damage in young black children with 

sickle cell anemia. 

• STOP 2 (see Chapter 9): To determine the optimal 

primary prevention strategy for the transfusion 

treatment shown to be effective in STOP 1 in a 

minority pediatric population. The trial is designed 

to determine how long transfusions are needed for 

primary stroke prevention.

An article in the July 2004 issue of the journal Blood

highlighted a stroke prevention outcome from the 

NHLBI-supported STOP 1 Trial on the efficacy of blood 

transfusion in primary stroke prevention. The study 

showed a strong causal relationship between the publication of the STOP 1 Clinical Alert by the NHLBI and a 

dramatic reduction in the the rate of first-time stroke in 

California children with SCD.

The NHLBI is supporting several transplant-related 

clinical studies that are seeking to reach minority populations. To ensure increased awareness and equitable 

opportunities for participation, the studies support bilingual transplant center personnel and provide public Web 

pages, educational materials, and informed consent documents in Spanish, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, and Vietnamese. In addition, focus groups have been held to 

identify barriers to participation.

• Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study 

(COBLT) (see Chapter 11): To establish ethnically 

diverse cord blood banks and to determine the 

utility of umbilical cord blood cells as a 

hematopoietic stem cell source for patients 

diagnosed with malignant and nonmalignant blood 

diseases. The COBLT bank contains more than 

8,000 cord blood units; approximately 57 percent 

are from minority donors. Approximately 30 

percent of the patients are minority.

• Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network (see Chapter 11): In collaboration with the 

NCI, to promote the efficient comparison of 

innovative treatments and management strategies 

for patients undergoing blood or marrow 

transplantation. It has developed strategies and 

implemented procedures to enroll patients from 

minority groups.

Each year in the United States approximately 1,500 

children are diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, and 30 to 

50 children with thalassemia. A recent retrospective 

analysis of 44 children who were transplanted with sibling cord blood for SCD or thalassemia showed that 

matched sibling cord blood transplantation offers the 

potential for a cure. 

• Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and Transplantation Study (see Chapter 9): To establish a cord 

blood bank for collecting sibling donor cord blood 

in families that currently have a child with sickle 

cell anemia or thalassemia. Investigators will 

evaluate the safety and effectiveness of matched 

sibling cord blood transplantation for treatment of 

children with SCD or thalassemia. A majority of 

the participants are black.

Transplants for patients with sickle cell anemia are 

performed at many centers across the United States, with 

few performed at a single center. To promote a unified 

strategy for sharing data, the NHLBI, with support from 

the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities, awarded a grant supplement to the International 

Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (IBMTR) to collect 

data on demographics and outcomes of patients with 

sickle cell anemia who received a blood or marrow transplant. Recognizing that the registry by itself may not be 

sufficient to instill a sense of collaboration among investigators, the Institute, with support from the NIH Office 

of Rare Diseases, recently sponsored a meeting to bring 
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activites

151

together transplant investigators to review data collected 

by the IBMTR and to develop a systematic plan to sustain an infrastructure for collaboration among U.S. centers treating and transplanting patients with sickle cell 

anemia.

Although medical progress has increased the lifespan 

of patients with SCD, translating research advances to 

clinical practice remains a challenge. Adult patients continue to have difficulty receiving advanced care. To 

address this need, the NHLBI held a workshop in June 

2004 to focus on the major unmet needs faced by adults 

with SCD and to develop strategies to address them. 

This fall, the Institute issued an initiative to establish a 

SCD Network that will develop and evaluate safe and 

effective therapies to treat and prevent complications of 

SCD.

Education

The NHLBI has developed a number of publications 

on SCD that target minorities.

• Datos Sobre La Anemia Falciforme (Facts About 

Sickle Cell Anemia) 

• Fact Sheet: Hydroxyurea in Pediatric Patients With 

Sickle Cell Disease 

• Facts About Sickle Cell Anemia

• Patient Fact Sheet: The Multicenter Study of 

Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia (MSH)

• Management and Therapy of Sickle Cell Disease.

Cooley’s Anemia

Cooley’s anemia is an inherited disorder of red blood 

cells that affects primarily people of Mediterranean, 

African, Southeast Asian, Chinese, and Asiatic Indian 

origin. In 2000, the Institute initiated a program to establish a network of clinical research centers to evaluate 

new therapeutic agents. Research efforts include developing oral chelators to remove iron overload caused by 

repetitive transfusion therapy, testing drugs to enhance 

fetal hemoglobin production, and examining gene therapy approaches to cure the disease.

• Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research 

Network (see Chapter 11): To establish a group of 

clinical centers to accelerate research in the 

management of thalassemia, standardize existing 

treatments, and evaluate new ones.

Investigator-initiated studies include efforts to develop 

oral chelators to remove the iron overload caused by 

repetitive transfusion therapy; exploration of hormone 

therapy for patients surviving into their teens; testing of 

drugs intended to enhance fetal hemoglobin production 

(hydroxyurea and butyrate); investigation of gene therapy approaches to cure the disease; prevention of bone 

diseases; optimum treatment of hepatitis; treatment of 

heart disease and iron overload; noninvasive ways of 

measuring iron burden; and efforts to improve the safety 

of the Nation’s blood supply.

Women’s Health Initiative

Coronary heart disease, cancer, and osteoporosis are 

the most common causes of death, disability, and 

impaired quality of life in postmenopausal women. The 

WHI (see Chapters 2 and 11) is addressing the benefits 

and risks of HT, changes in dietary patterns, and calcium/vitamin D supplements in disease prevention. Several of the centers have recruited primarily minority 

populations: blacks, Hispanics, Asian Americans, 

Pacific Islanders, and American Indians. The Clinical 

Trial recruited 12,607 minorities and the Observational 

Study recruited 15,658. Overall, of the 161,809 postmenopausal women recruited into the WHI, 17 percent 

were minorities.

NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

153

NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

* National Research Service Awards (NRSA).

Note: Numbers of awards and trainees may not agree with other tables due to the method of counting supplements.

13. Research Training and Career 

Development Programs

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellow ships

Dollars in Millions

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellow ships

Number of Trainees

Year

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

154

Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2004

Number of 

Awards 

Obligated

Trainees 

(Full-time 

Training 

Positions) Direct Cost

Indirect 

Cost Total Cost

Percent of 

Total NHLBI 

Training 

Program 

Dollars

Fellowship Programs

Predoctoral Fellowship Award (F31) 18 18 $ 549,661 $ — $ 549,661 0.6%

Individual NRSA (F32) 168 168 8,127,743 — 8,127,743 9.5

Senior Fellowships NRSA (F33) 3 3 144,090 — 144,090 0.2

Subtotal, Fellowships 189 189 8,821,494 — 8,821,494 10.3

Graduate Training Programs

Institutional NRSA (T32) 218 1,578 65,873,312 5,355,826 71,229,138 83.4

Minority Institutional NRSA (T32) 5 32 665,397 68,683 734,080 0.9

Off-Quarter Professional Student 

Training NRSA (T34, T35) 

18 99 1,819,027 173,609 1,992,636 2.3

Short-Term Training for Minority

Students (T35M)

35 119 2,428,792 242,610 2,671,402 3.1

Subtotal, Graduate Training Programs 276 1,828 70,786,528 5,840,728 76,627,256 89.7

Total, Training Programs 465 2,017 $79,608,022 $5,840,728 $85,448,750 100.0%

*

* Excludes assessment of $1,744,000.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

155

History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

A Excludes Assessment of $864,000.

B Excludes Assessment of $964,000.

C Excludes Assessment of $982,000.

D Excludes Assessment of $1,004,000.

E Excludes Assessment of $1,032,000.

F Excludes Assessment of $1,216,000.

G Excludes Assessment of $1,280,000.

H Excludes Assessment of $1,424,000.

I Excludes Assessment of $1,584,000.

J Excludes Assessment of $1,716,000.

K Excludes Assessment of $1,744,000.

Dollars (Thousands)

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Fellowship Programs

Predoctoral Fellowship 

Award (F31)

$ 199 $ 304 $ 551 $ 388 $ 466 $ 346 $ 248 $ 264 $ 478 $ 563 $ 549

Individual NRSA (F32) 6,853 6,651 6,483 6,281 6,969 8,807 8,517 8,515 8,887 7,868 8,128

Senior Fellowships 

NRSA (F33)

99 99 233 179 125 90 92 147 84 112 144

Intramural NRSA (F35) 69 49 — — — — — — — — —

Subtotal, Fellowships 7,220 7,103 7,267 6,848 7,560 9,243 8,857 8,926 9,449 8,543 8,821

Graduate Training 

Programs

Institutional NRSA 

(T32)

36,534A 36,270B 36,718C 38,253D 37,904E 45,551F 50,507G 58,516H 62,999I 69,951J 71,229K

Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32)

735 982 679 898 706 901 1,167 996 1,092 1,006 734

Off-Quarter 

Professional Student 

Training NRSA (T34, 

T35)

1,132 951 1,001 1,216 1,435 1,384 966 1,974 1,987 1,975 1,993

MARC (T36) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 — — —

Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students 

(T35M)

1,616 1,760 1,834 1,612 1,964 2,494 2,570 1,877 2,057 2,594 2,671

Subtotal, Training 

Grants

40,022 39,968 40,237 41,984 42,014 50,335 55,215 63,368 68,135 75,526 76,627

Total, Training 

Programs

$47,242A $47,071B $47,504C $48,832D $49,574E $59,578F $64,072G $72,294H $77,584I $84,069J $85,448K
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

156

Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Number of Positions

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Fellowship Programs

Predoctoral Fellowship 

Award (F31)

7 13 21 15 19 13 11 12 18 19 18

Individual NRSA (F32) 229 222 220 210 225 237 225 208 194 164 168

Senior Fellowships NRSA 

(F33)

4475422322 3

Intramural NRSA (F35) 2 2 — — — — — — — — —

Subtotal, Fellowships 242 241 248 230 248 252 238 223 214 185 189

Graduate Training Programs

Institutional NRSA (T32) 1,237 1,201 1,216 1,179 1,423 1,185 1,368 1,425 1,482 1,542 1,578

Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32)

30 47 30 43 52 53 48 43 39 42 32

Off-Quarter Professional 

Student Training NRSA 

(T34, T35)

100 76 78 68 — — 51 109 179 93 99

Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students (T35M)

102 125 113 75 — — 136 93 30 107 119

Subtotal, Training Grants 1,469 1,449 1,437 1,365 1,475 1,238 1,603 1,670 1,730 1,784 1,828

Total, Training Positions 1,711 1,690 1,685 1,595 1,723 1,490 1,841 1,893 1,944 1,969 2,017
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

157

NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K01)

— — — 5 19 30 29 44 54 47 46

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research 

Scientist Development Award (K01)

— — — 1 — — 11 9 2 7 6

Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research 

Ethics (K01)

————————— 2 2

Independent Scientist Award (K02) — — 3 8 14 18 27 34 33 32 31

Research Career Development Award (K04) 34 30 25 18 10 6 1 — — — —

Research Career Award (K06) 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1

Preventive Cardiology Academic Award (K07) 11 7 — — — — — — — — —

Preventive Pulmonary Academic Award (K07) 8 4 — — — — — — — — —

Transfusion Medicine Academic Award (K07) 9 5 2 — — — — — — — —

Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular Disease Academic 

Award (K07)

11 15 11 9 3 3 1 ————

Asthma Academic Award (K07) 6 9 9 9 6 3 —————

Tuberculosis Academic Award (K07) 12 15 19 23 20 13 9 5 — — —

Sleep Academic Award (K07) — — 8 12 20 20 20 12 8 — —

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) — — — — 10 10 19 19 19 9 9

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities 

Academic Award (K07)

—————————— 8

Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08) 208 222 254 267 278 262 257 241 236 240 229

Physician Scientist Award (K11) 46 22 12 — — — — — — — —

Minority School Faculty Development Award (K14) 12 11 15 9 — — 4 1 — — —

Research Development Award for Minority 

Faculty (K14)

13 28 36 34 37 22 7 — — — —

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

(K18)

————————— 1 5

NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22) — — — — — — — — — — 1

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career 

Development Award (K23)

— — — — — 13 36 58 90 110 122

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24)

— — — — — 11 20 27 37 38 32

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development 

Award (K25)

— — — — — — — 2 7 9 12

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (K30) — — — — — 9 16 55 55 55 55

Total, Research Career Programs 373 371 397 398 420 422 459 509 543 552 559
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

158

NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award for Minority 

Faculty (K01)

$ — $ — $ — $ 460 $ 1,723 $ 2,738 $ 3,650 $ 5,556 $ 5,711 $ 6,156 $ 6,150

Minority Institution Faculty 

Mentored Research Scientist 

Award (K01)

— — — 106 101 905 1,300 1,143 1,703 991 867

Mentored Scientist Development 

Award in Research Ethics (K01)

— — — — — — — — — 255 253

Independent Scientist Award (K02) — — 207 545 933 1,548 2,350 3,202 3,130 3,099 3,079

Research Career Development 

Award (K04)

2,224 2,006 1,693 1,226 684 568 69 — — — —

Research Career Award (K06) 102 104 105 103 103 70 70 70 69 69 34

Preventive Cardiology Academic 

Award (K07)

1,397 957 — — — — — ————

Preventive Pulmonary Academic 

Award (K07)

726 309 — — — — — ————

Transfusion Medicine Academic 

Award (K07)

868 485 326 — — — — ————

Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular 

Diseases Academic Award (K07)

1,863 2,295 1,715 1,415 386 423 113 — — — —

Asthma Academic Award (K07) 502 749 740 764 509 248 — — — — —

Tuberculosis Academic Award (K07) 906 1,155 1,496 1,831 1,566 1,161 745 396 — — —

Sleep Academic Award (K07) — — 699 1,027 1,734 1,736 1,760 1,081 722 — —

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) — — — — 1,491 1,480 2,829 2,869 2,906 1,472 1,516

Cultural Competence and Health 

Disparities Academic Award (K07)

———— — — — — — — 925

Clinical Investigator Development 

Award (K08)

16,635 18,090 21,093 22,238 23,122 29,741 30,189 29,263 29,295 30,288 29,037

Physician Scientist Award (K11) 3,993 1,903 1,023 — — — — — — — —

Minority School Faculty 

Development Award (K14)

893 810 1,158 729 618 445 862 98 — — —

Research Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K14)

1,289 2,812 3,607 3,468 3,099 2,093 393 — — — —

Career Enhancement Award for Stem 

Cell Research (K18)

— — — — — — — — — 243 980

NHLBI Career Transition Award 

(K22)

— — — — — — — — — — 185

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research 

Career Development Award (K23)

— — — — — 1,687 4,619 7,570 11,909 14,571 16,216

Midcareer Investigator Award in 

Patient-Oriented Research (K24)

— — — — — 1,054 2,072 2,877 4,058 4,368 3,815

Mentored Quantitative Research 

Career Development Award (K25)

— — — — — — — 272 921 1,195 1,622

Clinical Research Curriculum Award 

(K30)

— — — — — 1,772 3,163 3,073 3,090 3,110 3,115

Total, Research Career Program 

Obligations

$31,398 $31,675 $33,862 $33,912 $36,069 $47,669 $54,184 $57,470 $63,514 $65,817 $67,794
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

159

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

MARC Summer Research Training 

Program

$ 31 $ 28 $ 32 $ 17 $ — $ 10 $ 4 $ 20 $ 15 $ 4 $ —

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award for 

Minority Faculty

— — — 460 1,723 2,738 3,650 5,556 5,711 6,156 6,150

MARC — — 5 5 5 — 5 5 — — —

Minority Biomedical Research 

Support (MBRS)

2,433 2,313 2,503 2,722 2,978 3,423 3,873 3,165 2,793 3,600 2,806

Minority Institution Faculty 

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award

— — — 106 101 905 1,300 1,143 1,703 991 867

Minority Institution Research 

Training Program

735 982 679 898 706 901 1,167 996 1,092 1,006 734

Minority Predoctoral Fellowship 199 304 551 388 436 345 248 264 278 308 374

Minority Research Supplements 

Program

6,754 7,265 6,714 7,070 7,043 7,440 8,304 8,587 9,822 9,323 10,938

Minority School Faculty 

Development Award

893 810 1,158 729 618 445 862 98 — — —

Reentry Supplements — — 140 152 249 106 176 384 — — —

Research Development Award for 

Minority Faculty

1,289 2,812 3,607 3,468 3,099 2,093 393 — — — —

Short-Term Training for Minority 

Students

1,616 1,760 1,834 1,612 1,964 2,494 2,570 1,876 2,057 2,594 2,671

Total, Minority Programs $13,950 $16,274 $17,223 $17,627 $18,922 $20,900 $22,552 $22,094 $23,471 $23,982 $24,540

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Dollars in Millions

Year
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

160

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1994–2004

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Minority Supplements

Investigator 46 49 42 38 31 32 33 33 46 47 35

Postdoctoral 31 39 49 47 50 47 42 41 33 38 37

Graduate 55 42 37 36 48 53 47 43 45 57 61

Undergraduate 35 27 12 23 25 17 19 12 17 18 17

High School 15 10 8 9 11 6 — 3 3 4 3

Post-Master/PostBaccalaureate— — — — — — — — 2 8 17

Reentry Supplements — — 2 2 3 2 1 3 — — 3

Disability Supplements 84332154543

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

190 171 153 158 170 158 147 139 151 176 176

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Minority Supplements

Investigator $2,894 $3,319 $2,552 $2,412 $2,185 $2,331 $3,262 $3,430 $5,046 $3,844 $4,256

Postdoctoral 1,882 2,153 2,899 3,172 3,032 3,110 3,053 3,086 2,554 2,655 2,713

Graduate 1,585 1,402 1,116 1,181 1,527 1,806 1,791 1,818 1,864 2,181 2,439

Undergraduate 332 351 120 273 246 166 198 235 260 301 282

High School 61 40 27 32 53 27 — 18 33 33 13

Post-Master/PostBaccalaureate— — — — — — — — 65 309 597

Reentry Supplements — — 140 152 249 106 176 384 — — 495

Disability Supplements 357 277 194 165 96 72 282 187 474 360 143

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

$7,111 $7,542 $7,048 $7,387 $7,388 $7,618 $8,762 $9,158 $10,296 $9,683 $10,938
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

161

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards:

Fiscal Year 2004

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2004

Dollars in Millions

$100 to 300

$40 to 99

$17 to 39

$5 to 16

$0 to 4

(9)

(10)

(11)

(10)

(11)
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

162

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2004

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Alabama

Auburn University at Auburn 5 1,320,112 4 1,271,184 1 48,928 — —

BioCryst, Ltd. 1 97,990 1 97,990 — — — —

CFD Research Corporation 2 99,951 2 99,951 — — — —

Cooper Green Hospital, Birmingham 1 578,079 1 578,079 — — — —

Gem Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 195,590 1 195,590 — — — —

University of Alabama at Birmingham 80 34,621,004 70 29,122,825 6 1,321,708 4 4,176,471

University of South Alabama 14 4,831,735 13 4,710,920 1 120,815 — —

Total Alabama 104 41,744,461 92 36,076,539 8 1,491,451 4 4,176,471

Arizona

Arete Associates 1 312,445 1 312,445 — — — —

Arizona State University 5 1,220,493 5 1,220,493 — — — —

Carl T. Hayden VA Medical Center 1 225,000 1 225,000 — — — —

Intrinsic Bioprobes, Inc. 1 591,033 1 591,033 — — — —

Mayo Clinic Scottsdale 3 1,047,000 3 1,047,000 — — — —

St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical 

Center

1 312,035 1 312,035 — — — —

University of Arizona 34 14,022,219 29 12,493,916 4 808,773 1 719,530

Total Arizona 46 17,730,225 41 16,201,922 4 808,773 1 719,530

Arkansas

Arkansas Children’s Hospital 

Research Institute

1 155,250 1 155,250 — — — —

University of Arkansas for Medical 

Sciences, Little Rock

5 864,787 5 864,787 — — — —

Total Arkansas 6 1,020,037 6 1,020,037 — — — —

California

Advanced Brian Monitoring, Inc. 2 571,719 2 571,719 — — — —

Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, 

Inc.

1 307,600 1 307,600 — — — —

Alexza Molecular Delivery 

Corporation

3 546,691 3 546,691 — — — —

Applied Scientific Research 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Applied Tissue and Materials, Inc. 1 191,313 1 191,313 — — — —

Arginox Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2 321,141 2 321,141 — — — —

Avrion Molecular, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Biotime, Inc. 1 149,994 1 149,994 — — — —

Blood Systems Research Institute 1 348,827 1 348,827 — — — —

Burnham Institute 8 2,643,928 7 2,595,000 1 48,928 — —

California Institute of Technology 2 1,123,754 2 1,123,754 — — — —

California State Polytechnic 

University, Pomona

— 154,141 — 154,141 — — — —
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

163

California State University, Long 

Beach

1 213,750 1 213,750 — — — —

California State University, 

Northridge

— 117,048 — 117,048 — — — —

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 10 4,301,012 9 4,257,461 — — 1 43,551

Cerus Corporation 2 474,303 2 474,303 — — — —

Children’s Hospital and Research 

Center at Oakland

14 9,065,670 12 8,832,320 2 233,350 — —

Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles 18 8,409,825 18 8,409,825 — — — —

Children’s Hospital of Orange County 1 26,983 — — 1 26,983 — —

Chimeric Technologies, Inc. 1 313,180 1 313,180 — — — —

City of Hope/Beckman Research 

Institute

3 2,339,335 3 2,339,335 — — — —

Cyntellect, Inc. 1 211,767 1 211,767 — — — —

Cytograft Tissue Engineering, Inc. 1 427,550 1 427,550 — — — —

Diagnostics for the Real World 2 2,427,656 2 2,427,656 — — — —

Fibrogen, Inc. 1 87,500 1 87,500 — — — —

Functional Insect Genomics Institute 1 228,155 1 228,155 — — — —

Genetronics, Inc. 1 102,865 1 102,865 — — — —

Gen-Probe, Inc. 1 4,300,029 — — — — 1 4,300,029

Good Samaritan Hospital 2 510,930 2 510,930 — — — —

Harbor-UCLA Research and 

Education Institute

11 4,419,879 9 3,877,132 — — 2 542,747

House Ear Institute 1 283,500 1 283,500 — — — —

Ibis Therapeutics, Inc. 1 94,040 1 94,040 — — — —

Interhealth Nutraceuticals, Inc. 1 149,800 1 149,800 — — — —

Intuitive Surgical 1 93,345 1 93,345 — — — —

Inverseon, Inc. 2 196,200 2 196,200 — — — —

ISCHEM Corporation 1 374,972 1 374,972 — — — —

J. David Gladstone Institutes 7 2,663,384 6 2,614,456 1 48,928 — —

Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 8 7,335,577 4 3,984,810 — — 4 3,350,767

La Jolla Bioengineering Institute 2 568,056 2 568,056 — — — —

La Jolla Institute for Molecular 

Medicine

3 1,268,800 3 1,268,800 — — — —

LaunchPoint Technologies, LLC 2 574,465 2 574,465 — — — —

Loma Linda University 6 1,558,000 6 1,558,000 — — — —

Los Angeles Orthopaedic Foundation 1 300,000 1 300,000 — — — —

Lpath Therapeutics, Inc. 2 304,154 2 304,154 — — — —

Macropore Biosurgery, Inc. 2 413,467 2 413,467 — — — —

Magnesensors, Inc. 1 169,850 1 169,850 — — — —

Maxwell Sensors, Inc. 1 100,259 1 100,259 — — — —

National Childhood Cancer 

Foundation

1 966,377 — — — — 1 966,377

Nicopharm Pharmaceutical Solutions, 

Inc.

1 138,940 1 138,940 — — — —

Northern California Institute for 

Research and Education

6 5,758,317 6 5,758,317 — — — —

Oma Medical 1 99,502 1 99,502 — — — —

Pacific Tuberculosis/Cancer Research 

Organization

1 460,525 1 460,525 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

164

Palo Alto Institute for Research and 

Education, Inc.

1 223,200 1 223,200 — — — —

Palo Alto Medical Foundation 2 1,210,509 2 1,210,509 — — — —

Polymer Technology Group, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

ProteomTech, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Pulmonetic Systems, Inc. 1 485,300 1 485,300 — — — —

Quantum Applied Science and 

Research

2 199,916 2 199,916 — — — —

Rand Corporation 2 851,560 2 851,560 — — — —

Reva Medical, Inc. 1 150,000 1 150,000 — — — —

Sam Technology, Inc. 1 335,213 1 335,213 — — — —

San Diego State University 11 5,910,418 11 5,910,418 — — — —

Sangamo BioSciences, Inc. 1 104,000 1 104,000 — — — —

Sangart, Inc. 1 133,303 1 133,303 — — — —

Scripps Research Institute 39 20,332,726 34 19,364,326 5 968,400 — —

Selective Genetics, Inc. 1 1,014,190 1 1,014,190 — — — —

Shanbrom Technologies, LLC 1 99,750 1 99,750 — — — —

Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center 3 1,359,675 3 1,359,675 — — — —

Sierra Interventions, LLC 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Sri International 2 862,171 2 862,171 — — — —

Stanford University 73 37,071,900 64 34,908,710 8 1,138,190 1 1,025,000

Twenty First Century Medicine, Inc. 1 590,059 1 590,059 — — — —

University of California, Berkeley 7 1,714,019 6 1,588,237 1 125,782 — —

University of California, Davis 33 10,334,784 29 9,591,707 2 414,076 2 329,001

University of California, Irvine 18 6,621,230 14 4,572,435 — — 4 2,048,795

University of California, Lawrence 

Berkeley National Laboratory

 7 5,512,623 6 5,209,424 1 303,199 — —

University of California, Los Angeles 62 30,478,944 53 27,942,518 6 1,341,223 3 1,195,203

University of California, Merced 1 350,068 1 350,068 — — — —

University of California, Riverside 1 368,452 1 368,452 — — — —

University of California, San Diego 85 43,882,442 69 40,063,059 12 2,444,180 4 1,375,203

University of California, San 

Francisco

99 38,436,675 87 36,602,112 12 1,834,563 — —

University of California, Santa 

Barbara

1 234,707 1 234,707 — — — —

University of Southern California 19 6,840,466 19 6,840,466 — — — —

Veterans Medical Research 

Foundation, San Diego

3 915,075 3 915,075 — — — —

WebSciences International 1 566,150 1 566,150 — — — —

Total California 629 285,897,600 554 261,793,125 52 8,927,802 23 15,176,673

Colorado

Children’s Hospital (Denver) 1 22,500 1 22,500 — — — —

Colorado State University, Fort 

Collins

3 738,533 2 695,557 1 42,976 — —

Denver Health and Hospital Authority 2 1,351,625 2 1,351,625 — — — —

Kestrel Labs, Inc. 1 468,643 1 468,643 — — — —

Keystone Symposia 2 40,000 2 40,000 — — — —

Klein Buendel, Inc. 1 103,446 1 103,446 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

165

Myogen, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

National Jewish Medical and 

Research Center

36 19,318,359 33 19,137,482 2 103,832 1 77,045

Rocky Mountain Biosystems, Inc. 2 224,833 2 224,833 — — — —

Rose Biomedical Development 

Corporation

2 528,694 2 528,694 — — — —

University of Colorado at Boulder 13 2,907,331 8 2,395,342 5 511,989 — —

University of Colorado Health 

Sciences Center

63 25,613,415 55 22,889,150 5 1,580,241 3 1,144,084

Visible Productions, LLC 1 277,346 1 277,346 — — — —

Total Colorado 128 51,694,785 111 48,234,618 13 2,239,038 4 1,221,129

Connecticut

CAS Medical Systems, Inc. 1 99,938 1 99,938 — — — —

John B. Pierce Laboratory, Inc. 3 934,395 3 934,395 — — — —

L2 Diagnostics, LLC 1 98,179 1 98,179 — — — —

Physiological Technologies 1 99,510 1 99,510 — — — —

University of Connecticut School of 

Medicine and Dental Medicine

16 6,973,322 16 6,973,322 — — — —

Wesleyan University 1 284,000 1 284,000 — — — —

Yale University 66 27,580,117 58 25,875,445 8 1,704,672 — —

Total Connecticut 89 36,069,461 81 34,364,789 8 1,704,672 — —

—

Delaware —

Compact Membrane Systems, Inc. 2 714,644 2 714,644 — — — —

Sorption Technologies, Inc. 1 99,770 1 99,770 — — — —

University of Delaware 4 1,107,000 4 1,107,000 — — — —

Total Delaware 7 1,921,414 7 1,921,414 — — — —

District of Columbia

American Institutes for Research 2 2,458,278 — — — — 2 2,458,278

American National Red Cross 1 371,326 1 371,326 — — — —

American Registry of Pathology, Inc. 1 287,463 1 287,463 — — — —

Children’s Research Institute 6 2,279,231 5 2,196,854 — — 1 82,377

George Washington University 11 3,976,976 10 3,551,976 — — 1 425,000

Georgetown University 17 7,157,225 17 7,157,225 — — — —

Health Media Lab, Inc. 1 486,819 1 486,819 — — — —

Healthmark Associates 1 416,938 1 416,938 — — — —

Howard University 6 2,521,245 3 1,746,927 1 130,838 2 643,480

Medstar Research Institute 1 924,028 — — — — 1 924,028

U.S. Bureau of the Census 1 559,000 — — — — 1 559,000

U.S. Department of Agriculture 1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

U.S. Department of Health and 

Human Services, Office of Human 

Development Services

6 58,695,062 — — — — 6 58,695,062

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 

Medical Center

1 120,057 — — — — 1 120,057

Total District of Columbia 56 80,453,648 40 16,415,528 1 130,838 15 63,907,282

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

166

Florida

Alpha-1 Foundation 1 20,437 1 20,437 — — — —

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical 

University

— 338,394 — 338,394 — — — —

Florida Atlantic University 2 526,875 2 526,875 — — — —

Florida Institute of Technology 1 243,250 1 243,250 — — — —

Florida International University — 258,260 — 258,260 — — — —

Florida State University 3 1,190,668 3 1,190,668 — — — —

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and 

Research Institute

1 230,673 1 230,673 — — — —

Innovia, LLC 1 413,679 1 413,679 — — — —

Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami 

Beach

— 1,000,000 — 1,000,000 — — — —

Nemours Children’s Clinic 1 520,186 1 520,186 — — — —

Nova Southeastern University 2 360,554 2 360,554 — — — —

Transgenex Therapeutics 2 267,916 2 267,916 — — — —

University of Central Florida 2 600,319 2 600,319 — — — —

University of Florida 42 14,700,995 38 14,163,151 3 262,844 1 275,000

University of Miami, Coral Gables 4 3,191,450 3 2,874,128 1 317,322 — —

University of Miami Medical Center 20 6,969,763 17 5,983,612 1 343,605 2 642,546

University of South Florida 6 1,958,995 6 1,958,995 — — — —

Vicor Technologies, Inc. 1 750,000 1 750,000 — — — —

Total Florida 89 33,542,414 81 31,701,097 5 923,771 3 917,546

Georgia

American Cardiovascular Research 

Institute

1 157,242 1 157,242 — — — —

Bresagen, Inc. — 125,000 — 125,000 — — — —

Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention

1 725,000 — — — — 1 725,000

Emory University 63 22,290,867 53 20,463,221 8 926,025 2 901,621

Georgia Institute of Technology 6 2,863,897 5 2,814,969 1 48,928 — —

Georgia State University 3 720,440 3 720,440 — — — —

Medical College of Georgia 38 15,740,531 35 15,387,036 3 353,495 — —

Mercer University, Macon 1 168,946 1 168,946 — — — —

Morehouse School of Medicine 12 4,922,368 11 4,719,953 1 202,425 — —

Transfusion and Transplantation 

Technology

2 195,741 2 195,741 — — — —

University of Georgia 4 652,783 3 625,800 1 26,983 — —

Total Georgia 131 48,562,815 114 45,378,348 14 1,557,846 3 1,626,621

Hawaii

Pacific Health Research Institute 2 1,001,629 2 1,001,629 — — — —

Queen’s Medical Center 1 600,000 1 600,000 — — — —

University of Hawaii at Hilo — 265,082 — 265,082 — — — —

University of Hawaii at Manoa 2 743,750 2 743,750 — — — —

Total Hawaii 5 2,610,461 5 2,610,461 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

167

Illinois

AJ Medical Engineering 1 827,746 1 827,746 — — — —

BioTechPlex Corporation 4 1,066,563 4 1,066,563 — — — —

Children’s Memorial Hospital, 

Chicago

1 98,010 1 98,010 — — — —

Cordynamics, Inc. 1 97,838 1 97,838 — — — —

Evanston Northwestern Healthcare 

Research Institute

2 522,202 2 522,202 — — — —

Hektoen Institute for Medical 

Research

1 763,746 1 763,746 — — — —

Howard Brown Health Center — 96,213 — 96,213 — — — —

Loyola University, Chicago 19 5,970,876 17 5,878,972 2 91,904 — —

Midwestern University 1 200,496 1 200,496 — — — —

Northwestern University 64 23,604,680 54 19,281,497 7 1,146,140 3 3,177,043

Rosalind Franklin University of 

Medicine and Science

2 507,000 2 507,000 — — — —

Rush University Medical Center 9 3,908,950 8 3,216,618 — — 1 692,332

SloWave, Inc. 1 98,322 1 98,322 — — — —

Southern Illinois University, 

Carbondale

3 830,185 3 830,185 — — — —

Southern Illinois University School of 

Medicine

1 246,750 1 246,750 — — — —

SSC Small Business Illinois 1 389,341 — — — — 1 389,341

University of Chicago 31 11,893,264 26 10,520,687 4 1,281,769 1 90,808

University of Illinois at Chicago 52 20,361,862 46 19,151,302 6 1,210,560 — —

University of Illinois, Urbana–

Champaign

4 1,358,232 4 1,358,232 — — — —

Total Illinois 198 72,842,276 173 64,762,379 19 3,730,373 6 4,349,524

Indiana

Clarian Health Partners, Inc. 1 245,753 1 245,753 — — — —

General Biotechnology, LLC 1 498,846 1 498,846 — — — —

Indiana University–Purdue University 

at Indianapolis

50 18,854,144 48 18,255,348 2 598,796 — —

OptoSonics, Inc. 1 111,165 1 111,165 — — — —

University of Notre Dame 3 2,411,467 3 2,411,467 — — — —

Total Indiana 56 22,121,375 54 21,522,579 2 598,796 — —

Iowa

Maharishi University of Management 1 496,432 1 496,432 — — — —

University of Iowa 76 32,503,099 70 29,847,209 5 2,255,890 1 400,000

Vida Technologies 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Total Iowa 78 33,099,531 72 30,443,641 5 2,255,890 1 400,000

Kansas

Kansas State University 3 463,919 2 436,500 1 27,419 — —

University of Kansas, Lawrence 2 666,460 2 666,460 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

168

University of Kansas Medical Center 7 1,738,799 6 1,707,780 1 31,019 — —

Wichita State University 1 180,660 1 180,660 — — — —

Total Kansas 13 3,049,838 11 2,991,400 2 58,438 — —

Kentucky

Regenerex, LLC 1 220,500 1 220,500 — — — —

University of Kentucky 31 8,420,489 29 8,251,912 2 168,577 — —

University of Louisville 37 10,276,748 32 10,025,813 5 250,935 — —

Total Kentucky 69 18,917,737 62 18,498,225 7 419,512 — —

Louisiana

Louisiana State University Health 

Sciences Center, New Orleans

11 4,680,056 10 4,404,768 — — 1 275,288

Louisiana State University Health 

Sciences Center, Shreveport

1 217,500 1 217,500 — — — —

Louisana State University Pennington 

Biomedical Research Center

3 920,820 3 920,820 — — — —

Tulane University of Louisiana 23 8,974,547 20 8,696,648 3 277,899 — —

Total Louisiana 38 14,792,923 34 14,239,736 3 277,899 1 275,288

Maine

American Red Cross Blood Services, 

New England

1 257,915 — — — — 1 257,915

Bowdoin College 1 187,210 1 187,210 — — — —

Jackson Laboratory 11 6,735,091 10 6,729,471 1 5,620 — —

Maine Medical Center 7 2,388,650 7 2,388,650 — — — —

New England Medical Center 

Hospitals

1 365,816 — — — — 1 365,816

New England Research Institutes, Inc. 1 837,227 — — — — 1 837,227

University of Maine, Orono 1 472,968 1 472,968 — — — —

Total Maine 23 11,244,877 19 9,778,299 1 5,620 3 1,460,958

Maryland

Adlyfe, Inc. 1 372,005 1 372,005 — — — —

Biosurface Engineering Technologies 1 99,750 1 99,750 — — — —

Bon Secours Hospital, Baltimore 1 600,000 1 600,000 — — — —

Cellex, Inc. 1 99,670 1 99,670 — — — —

Clearant, Inc. 1 319,487 1 319,487 — — — —

Clinical Trials and Surveys 

Corporation

2 2,122,831 — — — — 2 2,122,831

EMMES Corporation 2 837,598 — — — — 2 837,598

Engineering and Scientific Research 

Association

1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Eva Corporation 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Federation of American Societies for 

Experimental Biology

3 56,250 3 56,250 — — — —

Genex Technologies, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Guilford Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 95,013 1 95,013 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

169

Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the 

Advancement of Military Medicine

6 2,134,708 5 1,846,228 1 288,480 — —

Individual Monitoring Systems, Inc. 2 664,179 2 664,179 — — — —

Infinite Biomedical Technologies, 

LLC

2 656,049 2 656,049 — — — —

Institute for Genomic Research 1 1,412,828 1 1,412,828 — — — —

Johns Hopkins University 193 81,489,323 168 75,983,817 18 3,361,400 7 2,144,106

Maryland Medical Research Institute 2 1,547,301 1 411,208 — — 1 1,136,093

MasiMax Resources, Inc. 1 1,285,064 — — — — 1 1,285,064

MedStar Research Institute 4 3,786,986 4 3,786,986 — — — —

Morgan State University — 60,151 — 60,151 — — — —

National Cancer Institute 1 1,000,000 — — — — 1 1,000,000

National Center for Complementary 

and Alternative Medicine

1 200,000 — — — — 1 200,000

National Center for Genome 

Resources

1 1,032,312 — — — — 1 1,032,312

National Center for Health Statistics 1 245,760 — — — — 1 245,760

National Center for Research 

Resources

2 618,000 — — — — 2 618,000

National Institute of Child Health and 

Human Development

3 7,083,373 — — — — 3 7,083,373

National Institute of Diabetes and 

Digestive and Kidney Diseases

2 5,000,000 — — — — 2 5,000,000

National Institute of Neurological 

Disorders and Stroke

1 1,307,100 — — — — 1 1,307,100

National Institutes of Health 1 8,661,937 — — — — 1 8,661,937

Northrop Grumman Information 

Technology Corporation

1 871,786 — — — — 1 871,786

Peace Technology, Inc. 1 73,080 — — — — 1 73,080

Pulmonary Hypertension Association 1 14,546 1 14,546 — — — —

University of Maryland, Baltimore 

County Campus

1 285,906 1 285,906 — — — —

University of Maryland Baltimore 

Professional School

53 21,309,643 48 20,402,275 3 756,777 2 150,591

University of Maryland 

Biotechnology Institute

 2 742,500 2 742,500 — — — —

University of Maryland, College Park 

Campus

2 1,046,932 2 1,046,932 — — — —

U.S. Agricultural Research Center 2 850,000 — — — — 2 850,000

U.S. Small Business Administration 2 143,000 — — — — 2 143,000

U.S. PHS Public Advisory Groups 12 5,111,000 12 5,111,000 — — — —

Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical 

Center

1 150,000 — — — — 1 150,000

Westat, Inc. 2 4,268,062 1 864,662 — — 1 3,403,400

Total Maryland 320 157,954,130 262 115,231,442 22 4,406,657 36 38,316,031

Massachusetts

ABIOMED, Inc. 3 281,280 3 281,280 — — — —

Aeris Therapeutics, Inc. 1 95,000 1 95,000 — — — —

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 58 24,473,598 53 23,128,303 5 1,345,295 — —

Biomedical Research Models, Inc. 1 223,141 1 223,141 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

170

BioMod Surfaces 1 373,560 1 373,560 — — — —

BioPhysics Assay Laboratory, Inc. 

(BioPAL)

1 356,143 1 356,143 — — — —

BioSurfaces 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Boston Biomedical Research Institute 10 4,281,762 10 4,281,762 — — — —

Boston Medical Center 17 8,564,745 17 8,564,745 — — — —

Boston University, Charles River 

Campus

6 1,546,999 5 1,513,055 1 33,944 — —

Boston University Medical Campus 62 37,496,187 54 28,791,869 7 2,685,901 1 6,018,417

Brandeis University 1 105,220 1 105,220 — — — —

Brigham and Women’s Hospital 130 57,589,925 106 52,763,859 22 3,773,399 2 1,052,667

Candela Laser Corporation 1 79,234 1 79,234 — — — —

Cape Cod Research, Inc. 1 102,450 1 102,450 — — — —

Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc. 1 287,277 1 287,277 — — — —

CBR Institute for Biomedical 

Research

8 12,359,559 8 12,359,559 — — — —

Children’s Hospital Boston 56 23,726,930 50 22,282,153 6 1,444,777 — —

Covalent Associates, Inc. 1 389,333 1 389,333 — — — —

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 15 7,326,023 15 7,326,023 — — — —

Gene Regulation Laboratories 1 359,052 1 359,052 — — — —

Giner, Inc. 1 380,178 1 380,178 — — — —

GTC Biotherapeutics, Inc. 1 149,265 1 149,265 — — — —

Gwathmey, Inc. 3 1,676,564 3 1,676,564 — — — —

Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc. 3 1,808,856 3 1,808,856 — — — —

Harvard University 2 815,422 2 815,422 — — — —

Harvard University Medical School 13 4,697,813 8 3,722,753 5 975,060 — —

Harvard University School of Public 

Health

24 12,379,025 21 11,817,671 3 561,354 — —

Hydra Biosciences, Inc. 1 140,000 1 140,000 — — — —

Implant Sciences Corporation 1 94,813 1 94,813 — — — —

Inotek Corporation 3 1,285,122 3 1,285,122 — — — —

IQuum, Inc. 1 154,086 1 154,086 — — — —

IVREA, Inc. 1 130,875 1 130,875 — — — —

Joslin Diabetes Center 2 1,014,170 2 1,014,170 — — — —

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary 1 125,982 1 125,982 — — — —

Massachusetts General Hospital 72 24,682,699 65 21,330,649 6 1,299,616 1 2,052,434

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 12 7,838,716 11 7,797,648 1 41,068 — —

Massachusetts Mental Health Institute 1 200,550 1 200,550 — — — —

Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, 

Inc.

2 497,238 2 497,238 — — — —

New England Medical Center 

Hospitals

33 17,250,109 29 16,686,412 3 518,394 1 45,303

New England Research Institutes, Inc. 5 4,750,098 5 4,750,098 — — — —

Newton Laboratories 1 99,795 1 99,795 — — — —

Northeastern University 2 378,973 2 378,973 — — — —

Pharos, LLC 1 263,056 1 263,056 — — — —

Physical Sciences, Inc. 2 680,330 2 680,330 — — — —

Plethlogic 1 149,126 1 149,126 — — — —

Pyramid Technical Consultants 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. 1 375,005 1 375,005 — — — —

Science Research Laboratory, Inc. 1 555,074 1 555,074 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

171

St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center of 

Boston

5 3,281,642 5 3,281,642 — — — —

Thermal Technologies, Inc. 1 336,624 1 336,624 — — — —

Tufts University, Boston 13 3,998,062 11 3,710,505 2 287,557 — —

University of Massachusetts Medical 

School, Worcester

24 8,880,533 22 8,050,117 1 130,416 1 700,000

Verax Biomedical, Inc. 1 317,094 1 317,094 — — — —

V.I. Technologies, Inc. 2 667,386 2 667,386 — — — —

Whalen Biomedical, Inc. 1 100,525 1 100,525 — — — —

Whitehead Institute for Biomedical 

Research

1 42,976 — — 1 42,976 — —

Total Massachusetts 616 280,415,200 547 257,406,622 63 13,139,757 6 9,868,821

Michigan

Accumed Systems, Inc. 1 683,709 1 683,709 — — — —

Henry Ford Health System 11 5,348,534 11 5,348,534 — — — —

L–VAD Technology, Inc. 1 668,462 1 668,462 — — — —

MC3, Inc. 5 1,849,500 5 1,849,500 — — — —

Medarray, Inc. 1 428,791 1 428,791 — — — —

Michigan State University 12 3,847,620 11 3,810,420 1 37,200 — —

Molecular Innovations, Inc. 1 424,685 1 424,685 — — — —

Oakland University 1 71,000 1 71,000 — — — —

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 101 38,507,085 86 34,768,333 12 2,109,943 3 1,628,809

Wayne State University 14 3,533,760 14 3,533,760 — — — —

Western Michigan University 1 181,875 1 181,875 — — — —

Total Michigan 149 55,545,021 133 51,769,069 13 2,147,143 3 1,628,809

Minnesota

Advanced Circulatory Systems, Inc. 1 99,947 1 99,947 — — — —

Advanced Medical Electronics 

Corporation

4 956,148 4 956,148 — — — —

Discovery Genomics, Inc. 1 235,588 1 235,588 — — — —

Korosensor.com, Inc. 1 303,415 1 303,415 — — — —

Mayo Clinic, Rochester 64 22,772,976 55 20,645,275 6 815,593 3 1,312,108

Minneapolis Medical Research 

Foundation, Inc.

1 6,448,619 — — — — 1 6,448,619

Minnesota State University, 

Moorhead

1 197,024 1 197,024 — — — —

Minnesota Veterans Research Institute 1 625,310 1 625,310 — — — —

National Marrow Donor Program, Inc. 1 535,351 — — — — 1 535,351

Paradigm Pharmaceuticals, LLC 1 371,950 1 371,950 — — — —

Phygen, Inc. 1 164,984 1 164,984 — — — —

Sunnyside Technologies 1 120,800 1 120,800 — — — —

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 84 33,939,869 70 26,196,574 7 1,994,712 7 5,748,583

Wilson Wolf Manufacturing 

Corporation

1 695,500 1 695,500 — — — —

Total Minnesota 163 67,467,481 138 50,612,515 13 2,810,305 12 14,044,661

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

172

Mississippi

Jackson Hinds Comprehensive Health 

Center

1 196,358 1 196,358 — — — —

Tougaloo College 1 5,000 — — — — 1 5,000

University of Mississippi Medical 

Center

17 6,669,305 12 6,118,164 4 118,346 1 432,795

Total Mississippi 19 6,870,663 13 6,314,522 4 118,346 2 437,795

Missouri

A.T. Still University of Health 

Sciences

1 186,600 1 186,600 — — — —

Alveoli Medical, LLC 1 100,035 1 100,035 — — — —

APT Therapeutics, Inc. 1 98,750 1 98,750 — — — —

Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas 

City

2 562,408 2 562,408 — — — —

Engineering Software Research and 

Development, Inc.

1 251,665 1 251,665 — — — —

St. Louis University 16 4,319,941 15 4,170,061 — — 1 149,880

University of Missouri, Columbia 18 5,902,600 14 5,634,650 4 267,950 — —

University of Missouri, Kansas City 1 253,490 1 253,490 — — — —

University of Missouri, St. Louis 1 231,566 1 231,566 — — — —

VitalTech, Inc. 1 96,990 1 96,990 — — — —

Washington University 129 51,056,940 111 47,586,509 17 3,406,730 1 63,701

Total Missouri 172 63,060,985 149 59,172,724 21 3,674,680 2 213,581

Montana

Resodyn Corporation 1 155,134 1 155,134 — — — —

University of Montana 4 1,253,602 4 1,253,602 — — — —

Total Montana 5 1,408,736 5 1,408,736 — — — —

Nebraska

Creighton University 3 578,525 2 537,792 1 40,733 — —

University of Nebraska, Lincoln 1 288,000 1 288,000 — — — —

University of Nebraska Medical 

Center

8 5,051,705 8 5,051,705 — — — —

Total Nebraska 12 5,918,230 11 5,877,497 1 40,733 — —

Nevada

Nevada Cancer Institute 1 358,997 1 358,997 — — — —

Sierra Biomedical Research 

Corporation

2 753,145 2 753,145 — — — —

University of Nevada at Reno 13 3,914,919 12 3,664,919 — — 1 250,000

Total Nevada 16 5,027,061 15 4,777,061 — — 1 250,000

New Hampshire

Creare, Inc. 2 577,687 2 577,687 — — — —

Dartmouth College 22 6,526,562 21 6,507,209 1 19,353 — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

173

University of New Hampshire 1 142,190 1 142,190 — — — —

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 

Medical Center, Albuquerque

1 3,913,076 — — — — 1 3,913,076

Xemed, LLC 1 102,965 1 102,965 — — — —

Total New Hampshire 27 11,262,480 25 7,330,051 1 19,353 1 3,913,076

New Jersey

Coecare.Com, LLC 2 493,714 2 493,714 — — — —

DVX, LLC 1 688,565 1 688,565 — — — —

Life Recovery Systems, Inc. 1 601,478 1 601,478 — — — —

PharmaSeq, Inc. 1 373,162 1 373,162 — — — —

Princeton University 2 343,191 1 296,771 1 46,420 — —

Public Health Research Institute 3 1,093,542 3 1,093,542 — — — —

Rutgers, The State University of New 

Jersey, New Brunswick

3 362,222 2 362,221 1 1 — —

University of Medicine and Dentistry 

of New Jersey

18 9,548,284 15 8,964,531 2 307,249 1 276,504

University of Medicine and Dentistry 

of New Jersey, R.W. Johnson 

Medical School

7 4,081,740 7 4,081,740 — — — —

Total New Jersey 38 17,585,898 33 16,955,724 4 353,670 1 276,504

New Mexico

Lovelace Biomedical and 

Environmental Research

5 2,230,842 5 2,230,842 — — — —

Southwest Sciences, Inc. 2 438,946 2 438,946 — — — —

TPL, Inc. 1 304,952 1 304,952 — — — —

University of New Mexico, 

Albuquerque

11 4,868,634 8 3,781,169 1 80,384 2 1,007,081

Total New Mexico 19 7,843,374 16 6,755,909 1 80,384 2 1,007,081

New York

Albany Medical College of Union 

University

7 2,074,387 5 1,454,553 2 619,834 — —

Angion Biomedica Corporation 1 175,272 1 175,272 — — — —

CardioMag Imaging, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Cell Preservation Services, Inc. 1 474,992 1 474,992 — — — —

City College of New York 3 966,076 3 966,076 — — — —

Columbia University Health Sciences 79 44,431,003 70 36,400,652 6 1,231,103 3 6,799,248

Columbia University, New York 

Morningside

8 3,261,085 6 2,061,484 — — 2 1,199,601

Cornell University, Ithaca 9 4,246,828 9 4,246,828 — — — —

CUNY Graduate School and 

University Center

1 312,500 1 312,500 — — — —

Foster-Miller Technologies, Inc. 5 1,668,861 5 1,668,861 — — — —

Gene Network Sciences, Inc. 1 99,960 1 99,960 — — — —

Graduate College of Union University — 80,000 — 80,000 — — — —

Hofstra University 1 48,928 — — 1 48,928 —

Jarvik Research, Inc. 1 1,016,032 — — — — 1 1,016,032

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

174

Masonic Medical Research 

Laboratory, Inc.

3 1,046,480 3 1,046,480 — — — —

Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc. 1 149,829 1 149,829 — — — —

Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx 1 135,559 1 135,559 — — — —

Mount Sinai School of Medicine 31 19,252,884 28 15,229,236 2 402,131 1 3,621,517

Nanoprobes, Inc. 2 723,301 2 723,301 — — — —

Narrows Institute for Biomedical 

Research, Inc.

3 615,286 2 558,750 1 56,536 — —

New York Academy of Medicine 1 478,116 1 478,116 — — — —

New York Blood Center 7 3,185,408 7 3,185,408 — — — —

New York Institute of Technology, 

Old Westbury

1 307,147 1 307,147 — — — —

New York Medical College 20 9,741,508 20 9,741,508 — — — —

New York University 1 221,250 1 221,250 — — — —

New York University School Of 

Medicine

25 8,098,475 22 7,693,483 3 404,992 — —

North Shore–Long Island Jewish 

Research Institute

5 1,760,028 5 1,760,028 — — — —

Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide 1 964,493 — — — — 1 964,493

Pharmacon International, Inc. 2 520,741 2 520,741 — — — —

Photon Migration Technologies 

Corporation

1 140,812 1 140,812 — — — —

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 2 509,691 2 509,691 — — — —

Rockefeller University 8 4,225,670 8 4,225,670 — — — —

Roswell Park Cancer Institute 

Corporation

3 1,065,675 3 1,065,675 — — — —

Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer 

Research

10 2,542,339 10 2,542,339 — — — —

State University of New York at 

Albany

1 257,510 1 257,510 — — — —

State University of New York at 

Buffalo

16 4,945,615 15 4,826,858 1 118,757 — —

State University of New York at Stony 

Brook

19 5,248,008 18 4,848,008 — — 1 400,000

St. John’s University 2 901,438 2 901,438 — — — —

St. Luke’s–Roosevelt Institute for 

Health Sciences

7 2,654,619 7 2,654,619 — — — —

SUNY Downstate Medical Center 7 1,787,013 6 1,657,864 — — 1 129,149

Syracuse University 2 601,500 2 601,500 — — — —

Transonic Systems, Inc. 2 728,403 2 728,403 — — — —

Trudeau Institute, Inc. 4 2,990,754 4 2,990,754 — — — —

University of Rochester 47 17,730,483 42 16,886,224 5 844,259 — —

Upstate Medical Center 7 3,957,782 7 3,957,782 — — — —

Visiting Nurse Service of New York 1 640,463 1 640,463 — — — —

Weill Medical College of Cornell 

University

45 27,657,424 42 26,824,337 2 91,195 1 741,892

Winthrop-University Hospital 3 956,956 3 956,956 — — — —

Yeshiva University 32 17,970,301 27 16,998,673 4 550,988 1 420,640

York College — 297,919 — 297,919 — — — —

Total New York 441 203,966,804 402 184,305,509 27 4,368,723 12 15,292,572

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

175

North Carolina

BioMarck Pharmaceuticals 1 632,540 1 632,540 — — — —

BreathQuant Medical Systems, Inc. 1 584,164 1 584,164 — — — —

Carolinas Medical Center 1 351,789 1 351,789 — — — —

Cognosci, Inc. 1 214,573 1 214,573 — — — —

Constella Group, Inc. 2 1,968,505 — — — — 2 1,968,505

Duke University 121 59,328,343 105 55,162,253 12 1,710,158 4 2,455,932

East Carolina University 2 570,827 2 570,827 — — — —

Ercole Biotech, Inc. 1 270,674 1 270,674 — — — —

MediWave Star Technology, Inc. 2 198,180 2 198,180 — — — —

NDimo, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Nekton Research, LLC 1 98,307 1 98,307 — — — —

North Carolina Central University 2 789,305 2 789,305 — — — —

North Carolina State University at 

Raleigh

6 1,875,839 5 1,680,014 1 195,825 — —

Regado Biosciences, Inc. 1 98,568 1 98,568 — — — —

Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc. 1 4,018,206 1 4,018,206 — — — —

Southeast TechInventures 1 175,937 1 175,937 — — — —

University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill

92 36,315,877 81 34,409,637 8 1,609,726 3 296,514

University of North Carolina at 

Charlotte

1 462,126 1 462,126 — — — —

University of North Carolina at 

Greensboro

1 193,500 1 193,500 — — — —

U.S. PHS Office of Disease 

Prevention and Health Promotion

1 2,000,000 — — — — 1 2,000,000

Vortant Technologies, LLC 1 99,776 1 99,776 — — — —

Wake Forest University 7 8,111,343 2 883,141 — — 5 7,228,202

Wake Forest University Health 

Sciences

44 33,257,545 38 18,911,350 4 443,558 2 13,902,637

Williams LifeSkills, Inc. 1 272,355 1 272,355 — — — —

Winston-Salem State University 1 116,885 1 116,885 — — — —

Total North Carolina 294 152,105,164 252 120,294,107 25 3,959,267 17 27,851,790

North Dakota

North Dakota State University 3 564,000 3 564,000 — — — —

Total North Dakota 3 564,000 3 564,000 — — — —

Ohio

Athersys, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

BIOMEC, Inc. 2 442,148 2 442,148 — — — —

Biomedical Research Associates, Inc. 1 99,419 1 99,419 — — — —

Case Western Reserve University 61 28,332,110 54 21,650,295 6 2,027,662 1 4,654,153

ChantTest, Inc. 1 200,633 1 200,633 — — — —

ChanXpress, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Children’s Hospital Medical Center of 

Cincinnati

48 26,041,345 45 25,706,290 3 335,055 — —

Children’s Research Institute 2 438,915 2 438,915 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

176

Cleveland Clinic Foundation 6 5,774,397 4 5,541,030 — — 2 233,367

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of 

Medicine of Case Western Reserve 

University

54 20,676,413 50 19,647,069 3 111,055 1 918,289

Cleveland Medical Devices, Inc. 3 451,007 3 451,007 — — — —

Cleveland State University 1 299,555 1 299,555 — — — —

Curragh Chemistries, Inc. 1 145,600 1 145,600 — — — —

Enable Medical Corporation 1 387,745 1 387,745 — — — —

EnteraTech, Inc. 1 237,155 1 237,155 — — — —

LAM Foundation 1 21,375 1 21,375 — — — —

Medical College of Ohio at Toledo 8 5,459,950 8 5,459,950 — — — —

MetroHealth Medical Center 1 337,500 1 337,500 — — — —

NanoMimetics, Inc. 1 138,071 1 138,071 — — — —

Ohio State University 32 8,891,364 27 8,288,920 3 288,003 2 314,441

Synapse Biomedical, Ltd. 1 99,895 1 99,895 — — — —

University of Cincinnati 47 17,325,907 42 15,774,165 3 733,296 2 818,446

University of Dayton 1 221,340 1 221,340 — — — —

Wright State University 7 2,863,627 6 2,863,626 1 1 — —

Total Ohio 283 119,085,471 256 108,651,703 19 3,495,072 8 6,938,696

Oklahoma

Ekips Technologies, Inc. 1 376,928 1 376,928 — — — —

Langston University 1 500,000 1 500,000 — — — —

Oklahoma Medical Research 

Foundation

6 3,830,971 6 3,830,971 — — — —

Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 2 607,200 2 607,200 — — — —

Selexys Pharmaceuticals Corporation 1 304,843 1 304,843 — — — —

University of Oklahoma Health 

Sciences Center

11 4,443,595 11 4,443,595 — — — —

Total Oklahoma 22 10,063,537 22 10,063,537 — — — —

Oregon

Dimera, LLC 2 1,229,136 2 1,229,136 — — — —

Inovise Medical, Inc. 1 325,372 1 325,372 — — — —

Oregon Health and Science University 39 14,352,329 34 13,681,196 5 671,133 — —

Oregon Research Institute 1 338,478 1 338,478 — — — —

Oregon State University 1 250,250 1 250,250 — — — —

Portland State University 1 355,000 1 355,000 — — — —

University of Oregon 2 430,795 2 430,795 — — — —

Total Oregon 47 17,281,360 42 16,610,227 5 671,133 — —

Pennsylvania

Allegheny-Singer Research Institute 3 717,494 3 717,494 — — — —

APD Life Sciences, Inc. 1 463,708 1 463,708 — — — —

CardiacAssist, Inc. 1 105,074 1 105,074 — — — —

Carnegie Mellon University 3 1,372,762 3 1,372,762 — — — —

CASurgica, Inc. 1 99,412 1 99,412 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

177

Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 43 25,688,751 40 25,029,812 3 658,939 — —

Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh 5 1,452,394 4 1,398,042 1 54,352 — —

Drexel University 5 1,000,547 5 1,000,547 — — — —

Drexel University College of 

Medicine

4 1,405,943 3 1,322,853 1 83,090 — —

Ension, Inc. 4 1,366,802 3 739,872 — — 1 626,930

Fox Chase Cancer Center 2 760,500 2 760,500 — — — —

Guthrie Foundation for Education and 

Research

1 258,650 1 258,650 — — — —

InSight TeleHealth Systems, LLC 1 400,524 1 400,524 — — — —

Institute for Cancer Research 1 463,213 1 463,213 — — — —

Institute of Hematology and Blood 

Transfusion

1 195,995 — — — — 1 195,995

Integral Molecular 1 271,137 1 271,137 — — — —

Lankenau Medical Research Center 1 400,000 1 400,000 — — — —

Magee-Women’s Health Corporation 2 325,021 1 298,038 1 26,983 — —

Medical Diagnostic Research 

Foundation

1 303,364 1 303,364 — — — —

Membrane Assays, Inc. 1 199,320 1 199,320 — — — —

Octagen Corporation 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Pennsylvania State University, 

Milton S. Hershey Medical Center

21 9,679,030 19 8,614,383 1 47,296 1 1,017,351

Pennsylvania State University, 

University Park

3 801,074 3 801,074 — — — —

Philadelphia College of Osteopathic 

Medicine

1 218,250 1 218,250 — — — —

PinMed, Inc. 1 99,510 1 99,510 — — — —

Temple University 19 7,172,262 16 6,429,539 2 607,425 1 135,298

Thomas Jefferson University 21 6,993,423 20 6,962,410 1 31,013 — —

University of Pennsylvania 126 58,516,360 109 53,331,219 15 3,644,231 2 1,540,910

University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh 105 53,808,229 90 48,479,111 8 1,306,611 7 4,022,507

Vascor, Inc. 1 327,131 1 327,131 — — — —

Villanova University 1 143,077 1 143,077 — — — —

Wistar Institute 4 1,309,564 4 1,309,564 — — — —

Total Pennsylvania 386 176,418,521 340 162,419,590 33 6,459,940 13 7,538,991

Rhode Island

BCR Diagnostics, Inc. 1 409,347 1 409,347 — — — —

Brown University 10 4,215,512 9 4,157,511 1 58,001 — —

Gordon Research Conferences 6 90,000 6 90,000 — — — —

Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island 1 531,499 1 531,499 — — — —

Miriam Hospital 12 3,483,153 10 3,399,109 2 84,044 — —

Pro-Change Behavior Systems, Inc. 1 315,359 1 315,359 — — — —

QualityMetric, Inc. 1 99,384 1 99,384 — — — —

Rhode Island Hospital, Providence 6 2,168,454 5 2,125,478 1 42,976 — —

Roger Williams Hospital 2 574,065 2 574,065 — — — —

Total Rhode Island 40 11,886,773 36 11,701,752 4 185,021 — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

178

South Carolina

Clemson University 2 536,250 2 536,250 — — — —

Medical University of South Carolina 37 14,796,744 33 14,041,997 3 644,178 1 110,569

Organ Recovery Systems, Inc. 2 548,397 2 548,397 — — — —

University of South Carolina at 

Columbia

12 4,813,397 12 4,813,397 — — — —

Total South Carolina 53 20,694,788 49 19,940,041 3 644,178 1 110,569

South Dakota

Missouri Breaks Research, Inc. 2 497,512 2 497,512 — — — —

South Dakota Health Research 

Foundation

2 527,625 2 527,625 — — — —

University of South Dakota 3 913,250 3 913,250 — — — —

Total South Dakota 7 1,938,387 7 1,938,387 — — — —

Tennessee

Bioinventions, LLC 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Cumberland Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 492,336 1 492,336 — — — —

East Tennessee State University 5 1,155,508 5 1,155,508 — — — —

Meharry Medical College 7 1,461,662 4 1,060,835 3 400,827 — —

St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 8 7,093,545 6 5,010,443 — — 2 2,083,102

University of Memphis 3 1,976,094 3 1,976,094 — — — —

University of Tennessee at Knoxville 2 495,950 2 495,950 — — — —

University of Tennessee Health 

Sciences Center

28 8,677,154 25 7,804,734 2 347,420 1 525,000

Vanderbilt University 73 32,868,385 64 30,123,825 8 2,158,883 1 585,677

Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 

Memphis

1 2,829,579 — — — — 1 2,829,579

Total Tennessee 129 57,150,213 111 48,219,725 13 2,907,130 5 6,023,358

Texas

Baylor College of Medicine 92 37,671,776 78 33,183,939 10 2,266,561 4 2,221,276

Baylor Research Institute 1 105,050 1 105,050 — — — —

Cardiovascular Biosciences, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Cooper Institute for Aerobics 

Research

4 1,879,395 4 1,879,395 — — — —

Indus Instruments 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Lynntech, Inc. 3 823,182 3 823,182 — — — —

Millar Instruments, Inc. 1 324,397 1 324,397 — — — —

OWLS 1 99,423 1 99,423 — — — —

Prairie View A&M University — 152,176 — 152,176 — — — —

Rice University 3 777,553 3 777,553 — — — —

Southwest Foundation for Biomedical 

Research

7 7,816,224 7 7,816,224 — — — —

Texas A&M University Health 

Science Center

16 4,613,923 15 4,563,375 1 50,548 — —

Texas A&M University System 3 540,898 3 540,898 — — — —

Texas Engineering Experiment Station 1 639,178 1 639,178 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

179

Texas Southern University 1 500,000 1 500,000 — — — —

Texas Technology University Health 

Sciences Center

3 619,325 3 619,325 — — — —

University of North Texas 1 216,750 1 216,750 — — — —

University of North Texas Health 

Sciences Center

11 2,968,468 10 2,832,690 1 135,778 — —

University of Texas at Austin 4 696,186 2 621,750 2 74,436 — —

University of Texas at Dallas 3 925,003 3 925,003 — — — —

University of Texas at San Antonio 1 328,850 1 328,850 — — — —

University of Texas Health Sciences 

Center at Houston

34 18,876,547 32 15,476,297 — — 2 3,400,250

University of Texas Health Sciences 

Center at San Antonio

22 7,044,007 18 6,171,240 2 320,725 2 552,042

University of Texas Health Sciences 

Center at Tyler

11 2,757,454 11 2,757,454 — — — —

University of Texas M.D. Anderson 

Cancer Center

5 1,621,000 5 1,621,000 — — — —

University of Texas Medical Branch 

Galveston

14 3,622,637 13 3,537,004 1 85,633 — —

University of Texas–Pan American — 370,956 — 370,956 — — — —

University of Texas Southwestern 

Medical Center at Dallas

56 25,550,831 50 24,027,617 5 1,347,270 1 175,944

VidaCare Corporation 1 146,719 1 146,719 — — — —

Total Texas 301 121,887,908 270 111,257,445 22 4,280,951 9 6,349,512

Utah

Axon Medical, Inc. 1 99,966 1 99,966 — — — —

E.I. Spectra, LLC 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

LDS Hospital 4 2,690,243 2 699,689 — — 2 1,990,554

Medical Physics, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Thrombodyne, Inc. 1 461,036 1 461,036 — — — —

University of Utah 45 17,577,438 43 17,379,401 2 198,037 — —

Total Utah 53 21,028,683 49 18,840,092 2 198,037 2 1,990,554

Vermont

Haematologic Technologies, Inc. 1 99,039 1 99,039 — — — —

Psychological Applications, LLC 1 409,515 1 409,515 — — — —

University of Vermont and State 

Agricultural College

41 15,179,610 34 13,449,457 5 549,171 2 1,180,982

Total Vermont 43 15,688,164 36 13,958,011 5 549,171 2 1,180,982

Virginia

Adenosine Therapeutics, LLC 1 624,818 1 624,818 — — — —

American Psychosomatic Society 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

Eastern Virginia Medical School 2 465,605 2 465,605 — — — —

Empirical Technologies Corporation 2 566,780 2 566,780 — — — —

Hampton University — 98,069 — 98,069 — — — —

Hemodyne, Inc. 1 99,487 1 99,487 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

180

Hypogen, Inc. 1 153,537 1 153,537 — — — —

NanoSonic, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Personal Improvement Computer 

Systems

2 747,043 2 747,043 — — — —

Talisman, Ltd. 1 754,040 1 754,040 — — — —

University of Virginia, Charlottesville 61 26,212,857 57 25,261,172 4 951,685 — —

Virginia Commonwealth University 17 4,952,281 17 4,952,281 — — — —

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and 

State University

1 149,206 1 149,206 — — — —

Total Virginia 91 34,933,723 87 33,982,038 4 951,685 — —

Washington

Asthma Inc. 1 244,194 1 244,194 — — — —

Barlow Scientific 2 727,103 2 727,103 — — — —

Battelle Pacific Northwest 

Laboratories

2 2,469,956 2 2,469,956 — — — —

Benaroya Research Institute at 

Virginia Mason

1 263,250 1 263,250 — — — —

Catch, Inc. 1 338,935 1 338,935 — — — —

Children’s Hospital and Medical 

Center

3 1,839,237 3 1,839,237 — — — —

Ekos Corporation 1 57,514 1 57,514 — — — —

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research 

Center

17 38,557,353 15 9,379,311 — — 2 29,178,042

Group Health Cooperative of Puget 

Sound

1 782,817 1 782,817 — — — —

Group Health Cooperative of South 

Central Wisconsin

1 1,252,939 — — — — 1 1,252,939

Institute for Systems Biology 1 121,986 1 121,986 — — — —

Northwest Research Associates, Inc. 2 199,715 2 199,715 — — — —

Pathway Medical Technologies, Inc. 1 479,204 1 479,204 — — — —

Phantoms By Design 2 541,091 2 541,091 — — — —

Puget Sound Blood Center 3 1,013,078 3 1,013,078 — — — —

Seattle Institute for Cardiac Research 1 4,263,755 1 4,263,755 — — — —

Spencer Technologies 1 256,758 1 256,758 — — — —

Therus Corporation 1 412,395 1 412,395 — — — —

University of Washington 121 67,235,169 105 56,073,443 11 3,311,278 5 7,850,448

Washington State University 5 1,663,549 5 1,663,549 — — — —

Total Washington 168 122,719,998 149 81,127,291 11 3,311,278 8 38,281,429

West Virginia

West Virginia University 8 2,092,198 8 2,092,198 — — — —

Total West Virginia 8 2,092,198 8 2,092,198 — — — —

Wisconsin

American Society of Gene Therapy 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

Blood Center of Southeastern 

Wisconsin

10 5,111,134 8 4,686,968 1 187,635 1 236,531

Marquette University 2 436,813 2 436,813 — — — —

Marshfield Clinic 1 3,600,000 — — — — 1 3,600,000

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

181

Medical College of Wisconsin 68 30,908,370 61 29,605,608 6 877,762 1 425,000

SpectroCon, LLC 1 343,284 1 343,284 — — — —

University of Wisconsin, Madison 52 22,124,966 46 20,631,378 5 1,368,588 1 125,000

VGSK, LLC 1 125,000 1 125,000 — — — —

WiCell Research Institute — 134,167 — 134,167 — — — —

Total Wisconsin 136 62,793,734 120 55,973,218 12 2,433,985 4 4,386,531

Puerto Rico

Ponce School of Medicine 1 123,353 1 123,353 — — — —

Universidad Central del Caribe — 172,448 — 172,448 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez — 158,024 — 158,024 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico, Medical 

Sciences

1 794,480 1 794,480 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras 1 118,406 1 118,406 — — — —

Total Puerto Rico 3 1,366,711 3 1,366,711 — — — —

Total U.S. 5,829 2,611,341,274 5,146 2,244,871,591 472 86,337,318 211 280,132,365

Argentina

National University of Cordoba 1 48,928 — — 1 48,928 — —

Total Argentina 1 48,928 — — 1 48,928 — —

Australia

ES Cell International Pte Ltd. — 74,630 — 74,630 — — — —

Howard Florey Institute 1 408,881 1 408,881 — — — —

National Centre/HIV Epidemiology 

Clincal Research

1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute 1 175,000 1 175,000 — — — —

Royal Melbourne Hospital 2 445,000 2 445,000 — — — —

St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne 1 216,000 1 216,000 — — — —

University of Melbourne 2 254,000 2 254,000 — — — —

University of Sydney 2 317,600 2 317,600 — — — —

University of Western Australia 1 243,000 1 243,000 — — — —

Victor Chang Cardiac Research 

Institute

1 83,323 1 83,323 — — — —

Total Australia 12 2,417,434 12 2,417,434 — — — —

Belgium

Flanders Interuniversity Institute of 

Biotechnology

1 175,000 1 175,000 — — — —

Free University of Brussels 1 297,000 1 297,000 — — — —

Total Belgium 2 472,000 2 472,000 — — — —

Brazil

Federal University of Bahia — 39,000 — 39,000 — — — —

Total Brazil — 39,000 — 39,000 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

182

Canada

Clinical Research Institute of 

Montreal

1 261,109 1 261,109 — — — —

Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto 4 780,940 3 739,872 1 41,068 — —

London Health Sciences Center 1 166,613 — — — — 1 166,613

McGill University 1 300,000 1 300,000 — — — —

McMaster University 1 5,169,199 — — — — 1 5,169,199

Ontario Cancer Institute 1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

Ottawa Health Research Institute 2 401,602 2 401,602 — — — —

St. Michael’s Hospital 1 90,211 1 90,211 — — — —

Sunnybrook and Women’s College 

Health Sciences Center

1 207,578 1 207,578 — — — —

UHN Toronto General Hospital 1 371,418 1 371,418 — — — —

University Health Network 1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

University of Alberta 2 240,632 2 240,632 — — — —

University of British Columbia 1 — — — — — 1 —

University of Calgary 1 283,725 1 283,725 — — — —

University of Montreal 2 299,071 2 299,071 — — — —

University of Toronto — 80,000 — 80,000 — — — —

Total Canada 21 9,052,098 17 3,675,218 1 41,068 3 5,335,812

China

Chinese Center, Disease Control and 

Prevention

— 24,300 — 24,300 — — — —

Total China — 24,300 — 24,300 — — — —

Finland

University of Helsinki 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

Total Finland 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

India

Center for DNA Fingerprinting/ 

Diagnostics

— 39,000 — 39,000 — — — —

Total India 39,000 — 39,000 — — — —

Israel

Technion-Israel Institute of 

Technology

2 382,408 1 372,000 1 10,408 — —

Total Israel 2 382,408 1 372,000 1 10,408 — —

Italy

University of Parma 1 369,289 1 369,289 — — — —

Total Italy 1 369,289 1 369,289 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

183

Netherlands

Erasmus University of Rotterdam 1 216,000 1 216,000 — — — —

State University at Groningen 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

Total Netherlands 2 486,000 2 486,000 — — — —

Nigeria

University of Ibadan — 10,000 — 10,000 — — — —

Total Nigeria — 10,000 — 10,000 — — — —

Republic of Korea

Mizmedi Hospital — 50,000 — 50,000 — — — —

Total Republic of Korea — 50,000 — 50,000 — — — —

Russia

Central Institute for Tuberculosis 1 150,000 1 150,000 — — — —

Total Russia 1 150,000 1 150,000 — — — —

Sweden

Karolinska Institute 2 560,856 2 560,856 — — — —

Uppsala University 1 162,000 1 162,000 — — — —

Total Sweden 3 722,856 3 722,856 — — — —

Thailand

Chiang Mai University — 16,200 — 16,200 — — — —

Total Thailand — 16,200 — 16,200 — — — —

United Kingdom

Royal Free and University College 

Medical School

1 216,000 1 216,000 — — — —

University of Bristol 1 484,179 1 484,179 — — — —

University of Cambridge 1 298,256 1 298,256 — — — —

University of Edinburgh 1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

University of Leicester 1 47,296 — — 1 47,296 — —

University of London National Heart 

and Lung Institute

1 339,351 1 339,351 — — — —

University of London University 

College, London

1 288,106 1 288,106 — — — —

University of Oxford 1 41,068 — — 1 41,068 — —

University of Southampton 1 265,110 1 265,110 — — — —

Total United Kingdom 9 2,179,366 7 2,091,002 2 88,364 — —

Total Other 55 16,728,879 47 11,204,299 5 188,768 3 5,335,812

Grand Total 5,884 $2,628,070,153 5,193 $2,256,075,890 477 $86,526,086 214 $285,468,177

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Appendixes

Types of Research Activity

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

Index

NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

187

Research Projects

Research Project Grants (R01): To support discrete and specific projects to be performed by one or 

several investigators in areas of the investigator’s 

particular interests and competencies.

Research Projects (Cooperative Agreements) 

(U01): To support discrete, circumscribed projects 

in areas of an investigator’s specific interest and 

competency involving substantial programmatic participation by the NHLBI during performance of the 

activity.

Research Program Projects (P01): To support 

broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term 

research projects that have specific major objectives 

or basic themes directed toward a well-defined 

research program goal. Usually, a relatively large, 

organized group of researchers conducts individual 

subprojects, the results of which help achieve objectives of the program project.

Small Research Grants (R03): To provide limited 

support for extended analyses of research data generated by clinical trials, population research, and demonstration and education studies.

Academic Research Enhancement Awards 

(AREA) (R15): To support small-scale research 

projects conducted by faculty in primarily baccalaureate degree-granting domestic institutions. Awards 

are for up to $75,000 for direct costs (plus applicable 

indirect costs) for periods not to exceed 36 months.

Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21): To 

encourage the development of new research activities in heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders program areas.

Resource-Related Research Projects (R24): To 

support research projects that will enhance the capability of resources to serve biomedical research in 

areas related to cardiovascular, lung, and blood health 

and diseases; blood resources; and sleep disorders. 

First Independent Research Support and Transition (FIRST) Award (R29): To provide a sufficient 

initial period of research support for newly independent biomedical investigators to develop their 

research capabilities and demonstrate the merit of 

their research ideas.

Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R33): To provide phase II support for innovative exploratory and 

developmental research activities initiated under the 

R21 mechanism.

Method To Extend Research in Time (MERIT) 

Award (R37): To provide long-term research grant 

support to investigators whose research competency 

and productivity are distinctly superior and thus are 

likely to continue to perform in an outstanding manner. Investigators may not apply for a MERIT 

award; instead, they are selected by the NHLBI on 

the basis of their current grant applications and their 

present and past grant support.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase I (R41): To support cooperative 

R&D projects between small business concerns and 

research institutions, limited in time and amount, to 

establish the technical merit and feasibility of ideas 

that have potential for commercialization. Awards 

are made to small business concerns only.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase II (R42): To support in-depth 

development of cooperative R&D projects between 

small business concerns and research institutions, 

limited in time and amount, whose feasibility has 

been established in Phase I and that have potential 

for commercialization. Awards are made to small 

business concerns only.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) 

Grants, Phase I (R43): To support projects, limited 

in time and amount, to establish the technical merit 

and feasibility of research and development ideas 

that may ultimately lead to commercial products or 

services.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) 

Grants, Phase II (R44): To support research 

project ideas that have been shown to be feasible in 

Phase I and that are likely to result in commercially 

marketable products or services.

Types of Research Activity
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

188

Research Centers

Exploratory Grants (P20): To support planning for 

new programs, expansion or modification of existing 

resources, and feasibility studies to explore various 

approaches to the development of interdisciplinary programs that offer potential solutions to problems of special significance to the mission of the NHLBI.

Center Core Grants (P30): To support shared 

resources and facilities for basic, clinical, behavioral, 

and translational research in the prevention, detection, 

and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. 

Animal (Mammalian and Nonmammalian) Model 

and Animal and Material Resource Grant (P40): To 

develop and support animal models, or animal or biological materials resources. Nonmammalian resources 

include nonmammalian vertebrates, invertebrates, cell 

systems, and nonbiological systems.

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) Grants 

(P50): To support both basic and clinical research 

related to an Institute-identified theme. The spectrum of 

SCOR activities comprises multidisciplinary approaches 

to specific disease entities or biomedical problem areas. 

The SCOR grants differ from research program projects 

in that they are in response to an announcement of programmatic needs of the Institute. Centers may be asked 

to perform additional studies because of urgently needed 

information or may serve as a regional or national 

resource for special purpose research.

Comprehensive Specialized Research Center Grants 

(U54): To support a large, interrelated biomedical 

research program focused on a disorder within the Institute’s mandate; to initiate and expand community education, screening, and counseling programs; and to educate 

medical and allied health professionals concerning problems of diagnosis and treatment of specific diseases such 

as sickle cell anemia.

Research Career Programs

Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K01): To support underrepresented 

minority faculty members with varying levels of 

research experience to prepare them for research careers 

as independent investigators.

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01): To support at 

minority institutions faculty members who have the 

interest and potential to conduct state-of-the-art research 

in the areas of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or hematologic disease, or in sleep disorders.

Independent Scientist Award (K02): To enhance the 

research capability of promising individuals in the formative stages of their careers of independent research in 

the sciences related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; 

blood resources; and sleep disorders.

Research Career Development Award (RCDA) 

(K04): To foster the development of young scientists 

with outstanding research potential for careers of independent research in the sciences related to heart, lung, 

and blood diseases and blood resources. New grants are 

no longer awarded.

Research Career Award (RCA) (K06): To assist institutions in supporting established investigators of high 

competency for the duration of their careers. New grants 

are no longer awarded.

Academic Award (K07): To support an individual with 

an academic appointment to introduce or improve a disease curriculum that will enhance the academic or 

research environment of the applicant institution as well 

as further the individual’s own career. This award series 

includes the Preventive Cardiology Academic Award, 

the Preventive Pulmonary Academic Award, the Transfusion Medicine Academic Award, and the Systemic 

Pulmonary and Vascular Diseases Academic Awards, the 

Asthma Academic Award, the Tuberculosis Academic 

Award, the Sleep Academic Award, the Nutrition Academic Award, and the Cultural Competence and Health 

Disparities Academic Award. Currently, only the Sleep 

Academic Award, the Nutrition Academic Award, and 

the Cultural Competence and Health Disparities Academic Award programs are being supported.

Clinical Investigator Development Award (CIDA) 

(K08): To provide an opportunity for clinically trained 

physicians to develop research skills and gain experience 

in advanced research methods and experimental 

approaches in basic and applied sciences relevant to 

cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematological diseases. 

This award was developed as a means to encourage clinical investigators to engage in research in specific areas 

designated by the Institute.

Physician Scientist Award (PSA) (K11): To encourage 

newly trained clinicians to develop independent research 

skills and experience in one of the fundamental sciences. 

New grants are no longer awarded.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

189

Minority School Faculty Development Award (K14): 

To develop faculty investigators at minority schools and 

to enhance their research capabilities in areas related to 

heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; and 

sleep disorders. New grants are no longer awarded.

Research Development Award for Minority Faculty 

(K14): To encourage the development of minority faculty investigators and to enhance their research capabilities in areas related to cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

health and disease; transfusion medicine; and sleep disorders. New grants are no longer awarded.

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

(K18): To enable established investigators to acquire 

new research capabilities in the use of human or animal 

embryonic, adult, or cord blood stem cells. All candidates must have a sponsor, either within their own or at 

another institution, who is a well-qualified stem cell 

expert to serve as a mentor.

NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22): To support 

the postdoctoral research training of an outstanding individual in an NHLBI intramural laboratory for up to 3 

years and subsequently, to support the individual’s successful transition from postdoctoral research to an extramural environment as an independent researcher.

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23): To provide support for career 

development to investigators who have made a commitment to focus their research endeavors on patientoriented research. 

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24): To provide support for clinicians to 

allow them “protected time” to devote to patient-oriented 

research and to act as mentors for beginning clinical 

investigators. 

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (K25): To provide support to investigators 

with quantitative science or engineering backgrounds 

who have made a commitment to focus their research on 

basic or clinical biomedicine, bioengineering, bioimaging, or behavioral sciences.

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (CRCA) (K30): 

To stimulate inclusion of high-quality, multidisciplinary 

didactic training in fundamental skills, methodology, 

theories, and conceptualization as part of the career 

development of clinical investigators. 

Other Research Grants

Scientific Evaluation (R09): To provide funds to the 

chairman of an initial review group for operation of the 

review group.

Cooperative Clinical Research (R10) (U10): To support studies and evaluations of relevant clinical problems. These grants usually involve collaborative efforts 

among several institutions and principal investigators 

and are conducted under a formal protocol.

Conference Grants (R13): To support national and 

international scientific meetings, conferences, or workshops at which research is discussed.

Research Demonstration and Education Projects 

(R18): To provide support designed to develop, test, and 

evaluate health-related activities and to foster application 

of existing knowledge to the control of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders.

Education Projects (R25): To provide support for the 

development and implementation of a program as it 

relates to a category in one or more of the areas of education, information, training, technical assistance, coordination, or evaluation.

Minority Biomedical Research Support (MBRS) 

Grants (S06) (S14): To strengthen the biomedical 

research and research training capability of minority 

institutions and to assist in increasing the involvement of 

minority faculty and students in biomedical research.

Biomedical Research Support Grants (S07): To 

strengthen, balance, and stabilize supported biomedical 

and behavioral research programs through flexible funds 

that permit institutions to respond quickly and effectively to emerging needs and opportunities; to enhance 

creativity and innovation, to support pilot studies, and to 

improve research resources.

Continuing Education Training Grant (T15): To 

assist professional schools and other public and nonprofit institutions to establish, expand, or improve programs of continuing professional education, especially 

for programs dealing with new scientific developments.

Scientific Review and Evaluation (U09): To support 

an initial Scientific Review Group responsible for the 

assessment of scientific and technical merit of grant 

applications.
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

190

Conference (Cooperative Agreements) (U13): To support international, national, or regional meetings; conferences; and workshops where substantial programmatic 

involvement is planned to assist the recipient.

Resource-Related Research Projects (U24): To support research projects contributing to improvement of the 

capability of resources to serve biomedical research.

Historical Black College and University Scientist 

Award (UH1): To strengthen and augment the human 

resources at historically black colleges and universities 

(HBCU) by recruiting an established research scientist 

into their biomedical or behavioral sciences department; 

to enhance the career of the recruited research scientist; 

and to strengthen other HBCU resources for the conduct 

of biomedical or behavioral research in areas related to 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood health and disease; transfusion medicine; and sleep disorders.

Individual National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA) 

Predoctoral Individual NRSA (F31): To provide predoctoral individuals with supervised research training in 

areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood 

resources; and sleep disorders leading toward the 

research degree (e.g., Ph.D.).

Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32): To provide 

postdoctoral research training to individuals to broaden 

their scientific background and extend their potential for 

research in areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and blood resources.

NRSA for Senior Fellows (F33): To provide experienced scientists with an opportunity to make major 

changes in the direction of their research careers, to 

broaden their scientific background, to acquire new 

research capabilities, to enlarge their command of an 

allied research field, or to take time from regular professional responsibilities for the purpose of broadening their 

research capabilities.

Intramural NRSA Individual Postdoctoral Program 

Appointee (F35): To offer research health scientists, 

research clinicians, and others the opportunity to receive 

full-time research training in intramural laboratories of 

the NHLBI and of other Institutes of the NIH.

Institutional National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA)

Institutional NRSA (T32): To enable institutions to 

make awards to individuals selected by them for predoctoral and postdoctoral research training in areas related 

to heart, lung, and blood diseases, blood resources, and 

sleep disorders.

Minority Institutional Research Training Program 

(T32M): To support full-time research training for 

investigative careers at minority schools in areas of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic diseases and 

sleep disorders. Graduate students, postdoctoral students, or health professions students may be supported 

under this program.

MARC Undergraduate NRSA Institutional Grants 

(T34): To support institutional training grants for underrepresented minority undergraduates to obtain research 

training and improve their preparation for graduate training in the biomedical and behavioral sciences.

NRSA Short-Term Research Training (T35 and 

T35S): To provide individuals with research training 

during off-quarters or summer periods to encourage 

research careers or to encourage research in areas of 

national need. This program includes the Short-Term 

Training for Minority Students Program and short-term 

training for students in health professional schools.

MARC Visiting Professors for Minority Institutions 

(T36): To increase the number of well-trained minority 

scientists in biomedical disciplines and to strengthen the 

research and teaching capabilities of minority institutions.

Other Support

Research and Development Contracts (N01): To 

develop or apply new knowledge or test, screen, or evaluate a product, material, device, or component for use by 

the scientific community.

Small Business Innovation Research (N43): To support projects, limited in time and amount, to establish the 

technical merit and feasibility of R&D ideas that may 

ultimately lead to a commercial product(s) or service(s).
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

191

NIH Interagency Agreements (Y01): To provide a 

source of funds to another Federal agency to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

NIH Intra-Agency Agreements (Y02): To provide a 

source of funds to another NIH component to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

Minority Research Supplements Programs: To 

provide supplemental funds to active NHLBI grants to 

support the research of minority high school, undergraduate, and graduate students; postdoctoral trainees; and 

investigators.

NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

193

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACCORD Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk 

in Diabetes

ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme

ACRN Asthma Clinical Research Network

ACTION A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of 

Exercise

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

ALLHAT Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering 

Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial

AMI acute myocardial infarction

APPLES Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term 

Efficacy Study

ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome

ARDSNET Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 

Clinical Network

ARIC Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities

ATP III Adult Treatment Panel III

BABY HUG Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical 

Trial

BEA Board of Extramural Advisors

BARI 2D Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics

CABG coronary artery bypass graft

CAMP–CS Childhood Asthma Management

/Phase 2 Program–Continuation Study/Phase 2

CARDIA Coronary Artery Risk Development in 

Young Adults

CARE Childhood Asthma Research and 

Education Network

CF cystic fibrosis

CHD coronary heart disease

CHF congestive heart failure

CHS Cardiovascular Health Study

CIHR Canadian Institutes of Health Research

COBLT Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation 

Study

COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CORAL Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions

CSCC Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers

CVD cardiovascular diseases

DBDR Division of Blood Diseases and 

Resources

DECA Division of Epidemiology and Clinical 

Applications

DHVD Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases

DIR Division of Intramural Research

DLD Division of Lung Diseases

EDUC Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization 

Center

ENRICHD Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart 

Disease

ESCAPE Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart 

Failure and Pulmonary Artery 

Catheterization Effectiveness

FHS–SCAN Family Heart Study–Subclinical 

Atherosclerosis Network

FOCUS Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular 

Patients Undergoing Surgical Hip 

Fracture Repair

FORTE Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in 

Emphysema

FY fiscal year

GEMS Girls Health Enrichment Multisite 

Studies
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

194

GOCADAN Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in 

Alaskan Natives

HAT Home Automatic External Defibrillator 

Trial

HBCU historically black colleges and 

universities

HDL high-density lipoprotein

HEIRS Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload 

Screen Study

HEW Department of Health, Education, and 

Welfare (now HHS)

HHS Health and Human Services (formerly 

HEW)

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

ICD International Classification of Diseases

JHS Jackson Heart Study

JNC Joint National Committee on the 

Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of 

High Blood Pressure

LDL low-density lipoprotein

MARC Minority Access to Research Careers

MBRS Minority Biomedical Research Support

MERIT Method to Extend Research in Time

MESA Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

MGS Mammalian Genotyping Service

MI myocardial infarction 

MRI magnetic resonance imaging

MSH Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea

NAEPP National Asthma Education and 

Prevention Program

NCEP National Cholesterol Education Program

NCHS National Center for Health Statistics

NCI National Cancer Institute

NCSDR National Center on Sleep Disorders 

Research

NETT National Emphysema Treatment Trial

NHAAP National Heart Attack Alert Program

NHANES National Health and Nutrition 

Examination Survey

NHBPEP National High Blood Pressure Education 

Program

NHI National Heart Institute

NHIS National Health Interview Survey

NHLBAC National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Advisory Council

NHLBI National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute (formerly NHI and NHLI)

NHLI National Heart and Lung Institute

NIA National Institute on Aging

NICHD National Institute of Child Health and 

Human Development

NIDDK National Institute of Diabetes and 

Digestive and Kidney Diseases

NIDDM noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

NIH National Institutes of Health

NIMH National Institute of Mental Health

NLMS National Longitudinal Mortality Study

NO nitric oxide

NRSA National Research Service Award

OAR Office of AIDS Research

OD Office of the Director

OEI Obesity Education Initiative

OMHA Office of Minority Health

OPEC Office of Prevention, Education, and 

Control

OSA obstructive sleep apnea

PA Program Announcement

PAD peripheral artery disease

PAHI Pan American Hypertension Initiative
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

195

PAHO Pan American Health Organization

PEACE Prevention of Events With Angiotensin 

Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy

PEGT Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy

PGA Programs for Genomic Applications

PHS Public Health Service

POUNDS Preventing Overweight Using Novel

LOST Dietary Strategies

REDS Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study

RFA Request for Applications

RFP Request for Proposals

RPG research project grant

SANDS Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics 

Study

SBIR Small Business Innovation Research

SCD sickle cell disease

SCCOR Specialized Centers of Clinically 

Oriented Research

SCOR Specialized Centers of Research

SDB Sleep Disordered Breathing

SEP Special Emphasis Panel

SES socioeconomic status

SIDS sudden infant death syndrome

SRG Scientific Research Group

STICH Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart 

Failure

STOP Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia

STTR Small Business Technology Transfer

TAAG Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls

TB tuberculosis

WHI Women’s Health Initiative

WHL World Health League

WLM Weight Loss Maintenance

WISE Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation

WHO World Health Organization

NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Index

197

Index

A

A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise (ACTION), 

86, 88, 116, 119

Abbreviations, 193–195

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD), 

120, 124, 125, 145

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network 

(ARDSNET), 121, 124, 128

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis, 101, 103

Aldosterone Antagonists for Treatment of Heart Failure With 

Preserved Systolic Function, 57, 124, 125

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent 

Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 33, 120, 124, 125, 141

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study (APPLES), 

87, 100, 117, 119

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), 30, 86, 96, 117, 

119, 122, 124, 128–129, 146

Atherosclerosis, Plaque, and CVD in Communities, 86, 88

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 108, 138

B

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network, 87, 

98, 123, 124, 150

Blood diseases (See also Disease statistics), deaths, and 

economic costs, 36–38, 53

Blood Diseases and Resources Program, obligations by funding 

mechanism, 69

Budget History, FY 1950–2004, 71

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 

Diabetics (BARI 2D), 86, 88, 116, 119, 145–146

C

Cardiovascular Diseases (See Heart and vascular diseases)

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), 108–109, 138

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions 

(CORAL), 86, 89, 117, 119

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research, 58

Cellular and Molecular Imaging of the Cardiovascular, 

Pulmonary, and Hematopoietic System, 58

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma, 101, 103

Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Diseases, 86, 89

Centers for AIDS Research Program, 67, 69, 79, 105

Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities, 86, 96, 146–147

Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP), 121, 124, 

129, 146

Childhood Asthma Management Program–Continuation Study 

(CAMP–CS)/Phase 2, 86, 97

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network, 

56, 86, 97, 123, 124, 129, 146

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation 

Outcomes, 58, 122, 124, 125–126

Clinical Trials (See also individual trials), 115–135

Institute-initiated: contracts, FY 1994–2004, 120–121

cooperative agreements, FY 1994–2004, 122–123

summary by program, FY 2004, 124

Investigator-initiated, FY 1994–2004, 115–118

summary by program, FY 2004, 119

Collaborative Program in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, 86, 97

Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers Program, 67, 79, 105, 149

Contract obligations (See Research and development contracts)

Cooperative Agreements, 79, 86–100, 115–118, 122–123, 124, 

187

COPD Clinical Research Network, 86, 97, 123, 124, 129–130

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study (COBLT), 121, 

124, 131

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults 

(CARDIA), 55, 108, 109, 138

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities Academic Award, 

57, 137

D

Directory of Personnel, 1–8

Disease statistics (See also Blood diseases, Heart and vascular 

diseases, Lung diseases)

adult population with hypertension, 51

change in death rates for selected causes, 45

death rates for cardiovascular diseases, 39, 41

death rates for heart diseases, 39, 41–44

death rates for lung diseases, 45, 47–48

death rates for stroke, 39, 41–42

deaths by major causes, 37

deaths from blood diseases, 37–38

deaths from cardiovascular diseases, 37–39, 46

deaths from congestive heart failure, 41

deaths from lung diseases, 37–38, 46

discharged dead from hospital with cardiovascular and lung 

diseases, 43

economic costs of illness, 53

hospitalization rates for congestive heart failure, 52

persons experiencing asthma episodes in previous 12 

months, 52

physician office visits for sleep disorders, 48

prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, 50
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Index

198

prevalence of common cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases, 49–50

ten leading causes of death, 40

ten leading causes of death among minority groups, 40

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping, 57–58, 108, 109–110

Dynamic Assessment of Patient-Reported Chronic Disease 

Outcomes, 122, 124, 126

E

Early Antipseudomonal Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis, 86, 97–98, 

117, 119

Employment, FY 1994–2004, 74

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients 

(ENRICHD), 120, 124, 144

Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, obligations by 

funding mechanism, 68

Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary 

Artery Catheterization Effectiveness (ESCAPE), 120, 124, 

127

Exploratory/Developmental Bioengineering Research Grants, 

58–59

Extramural research funding

dollars funded by funding mechanism, FY 1994–2004, 

76–77

percentage trends by funding mechanism, FY 1994–2004, 

76–78

F

Family Blood Pressure Program, 86, 89–90, 140

Family Heart Study—Subclinical Atherosclerosis Network 

(FHS-SCAN), 86, 90

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in Emphysema (FORTE), 

121, 124, 130

Framingham Study (Framingham Heart Study), 28, 30, 108, 

110

Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients Undergoing 

Surgical Hip Fracture Repair (FOCUS), 87, 98–99, 118, 119

Funding of grants, contracts, and training by:

foreign country and institution, FY 2004:

Argentina, 181; Australia, 181; Belgium, 181; Brazil, 181; 

Canada, 182; China, 182; Finland, 182; India, 182; Israel, 

182; Italy, 182; Netherlands, 183; Nigeria, 183; Republic 

of Korea, 183; Russia, 183; Sweden, 183; Thailand, 183; 

United Kingdom, 183

state or territory and institution, FY 2004:

Alabama, 162; Arizona, 162; Arkansas, 162; California, 

162–164; Colorado, 164–165; Connecticut, 165; 

Delaware, 165; District of Columbia, 165; Florida, 166; 

Georgia, 166; Hawaii, 166; Illinois, 167; Indiana, 167; 

Iowa, 167; Kansas, 167–168; Kentucky, 168; Louisiana, 

168; Maine, 168; Maryland, 168–169; Massachusetts, 

169–171; Michigan, 171; Minnesota, 171; Mississippi, 

172; Missouri, 172; Montana, 172; Nebraska, 172; 

Nevada, 172; New Hampshire, 172–173; New Jersey, 

173; New Mexico, 173; New York, 173–174; North 

Carolina, 175; North Dakota, 175; Ohio, 175–176; 

Oklahoma, 176; Oregon, 176; Pennsylvania, 176–177; 

Rhode Island, 177; South Carolina, 178; South Dakota, 

178; Tennessee, 178; Texas, 178–179; Utah, 179; 

Vermont, 179; Virginia, 179–180; Washington, 180; West 

Virginia, 180; Wisconsin, 180–181; Puerto Rico, 181;

G

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaskan Natives 

(GOCADAN), 86, 91, 138

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies (GEMS), 86, 91, 

116, 119, 143

Granulomatous Lung Inflammation in Sarcoidosis, 56

H

Heart and vascular diseases (See also Disease statistics), 

cardiovascular diseases, 35–36

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program, obligations by funding 

mechanism, 68

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery, 86, 91, 116, 119

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology, 101, 104

Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening Study 

(HEIRS), 108, 112–113, 138

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders, 101, 104

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial (HAT), 86, 91, 

116, 119

Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Resource Infrastructure 

Enhancement Award, 59

Hypovolemic Circulatory Collapse: Mechanisms and 

Opportunities to Improve Resuscitation Outcomes, 59

I

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial Metabolic 

Enhancement During Initial Assessment and Treatment in 

Emergency Care 86, 91, 117, 119

Immune System Development and the Genesis of Asthma, 56

Immune Tolerance: Innovative Grants, 58

Important events in NHLBI history, 25–33

Individual National Research Service Awards (NRSA), 153–

156, 190

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell Anemia, 87, 99, 

118, 119

Inflammation and Thrombosis, 59

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Prevention of Chronic Lung 

Disease, 86, 98, 117, 119, 147

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease, 

86, 98, 117, 119, 147
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Index

199

Institutional National Research Training Awards (NRSA), 153–

156, 190

Interaction of Genes and Environment in Shaping Risk Factors 

for Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Disorders, 86, 91–92

Interrelation of Sleep, Fatique, and HIV/AIDS, 58

Intervention To Improve Hypertension Control Rates in African 

Americans, 55, 141

Ischemic Heart Disease in Blacks, 101, 102, 145

Ischemic Heart Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, Heart Failure, 

101, 102

J

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), 108, 110, 138

L

Linkage Study in Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis, 86, 98

Lung diseases (See also Disease statistics), deaths and 

economic costs, 38, 40, 43, 45–48, 53

Lung Diseases Program, obligations by funding mechanism, 68

Lung Tissue Research Consortium, 56, 108, 112

M

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository, 108, 

113

Mammalian Genotyping Service (MGS), 108, 110

Mechanisms of Fetal Hemoglobin Gene Silencing for 

Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease and Cooley’s Anemia, 143

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award, 

58

Minority Activities, 137–151

Minority K-12 Initiative for Teachers and Students (MKITS), 

137

Molecular Genetics of Hypertension, 101, 102, 140

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Diamond-Blackfan 

Anemia and Other Congenital Bone Marrow Failure 

Syndromes, 56

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis, 101, 102

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) in Sickle Cell 

Anemia Adult Follow-up, 33, 121, 124, 131–132, 150

Multidisciplinary Study of Right Ventricular Dysplasia, 86, 

92

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 108, 110–111, 

138

N

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, obligation by 

funding mechanism, 69

National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT), 32, 33, 121, 

124, 130

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea, 101, 104

NHLBI Competitive Supplements for Human Embryonic Stem 

Cell Research, 57

NHLBI Exploratory and Developmental Research Grants for 

Investigations in Rare Diseases, 58

NHLBI Innovative Research Grant Program, 57

NHLBI Mentored Minority Faculty Development Award, 57

NHLBI Minority Institution Research Scientist Development 

Award, 57

NHLBI Minority Institutional Research Training Program, 57

NHLBI Short-Term Training for Minority Students, 57

O

Obligations by funding mechanism, FY 2004, 67–70

Obligations by program, FY 2004, 67–70

Obligations trends, FY 1994–2004,

budget category:

constant dollars, 72–73

current dollars, 72–73

budget history, 71

funding mechanism, 74, 76–78

Institute-initiated awards and investigator-initiated awards, 

75–76

Obligations, extramural, by state and institution, FY 2004 (See 

Funding of grants, contracts, and training)

Overweight and Obesity Control at Worksites, 58

P

Partnership Programs To Reduce Cardiovascular Disparities, 

56, 86, 92, 137

Pathobiology of Fibrotic Lung Disease, 101, 103

Pathobiology of Lung Development, 101, 103

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research Network, 86, 92, 

122, 124, 127

Pediatric Heart Development and Disease, 56, 101, 102–103

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG), 

121, 124, 132, 150

Pediatric Circulatory Support, 56, 108, 111

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 86, 98

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, 86, 93

Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies 

(POUNDS LOST), 86, 93

Prevention of Events With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 

Inhibitor Therapy (PEACE), 120, 124, 127

Program Overview, 9–23

Program Project Grants (P01), 79, 187

Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy, 86, 93

Programs of Genomic Applications (PGAs) for Heart, Lung, 

and Blood Diseases, 57, 86, 93–94

Progression of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes, 58
NHLBI FY 2004 Fact Book

Index

200

Proteomics Initiative, 108, 111

Pulmonary diseases (See Lung Diseases)

R

Refinement of New Assays for Direct Detection of Viral 

Nucleic Acids in Donor Organs, 108, 113

Reference Laboratory to Evaluate Therapies for Sickle Cell 

Disease, 87, 99

Research Activity, types of, 187–190

Research and development contracts (See also individual 

programs and studies), 107–114

by program, FY 2004, 67–70

Institute-initiated clinical trials, 120–121, 124

Research Career Programs, 67–70, 188–199

awards, FY 1994–2004, 157

minority biomedical research, FY 1994–2004, 159

obligation trends, FY 1994–2004, 158

Research grants,

by category, FY 2004, 79

by funding mechanism, 79

clinical trials, 115–119

investigator-initiated and Institute-initiated, FY 1994–2004, 

83

obligation trends, FY 1994–2004, 80

Research project grants

amount funded, FY 1994–2004, 84

applications reviewed and awarded, FY 1994–2004, 82

average costs, FY 1994–2004, 85

by category, 79

by funding mechanism, 79

by program, 68–70

facility and administrative costs, 84

Research Training and Career Development (See also Research 

Career Programs),

full-time training positions, FY 1994–2004, 153–154, 156

history of training obligations, FY 1994–2004, 155

minority biomedical obligations, 159

research career programs: awards and obligations, FY 1994–

2004, 157–159

supplements program: awards and obligations, FY 1994–

2004, 159–160

Resuscitation Outcome Improvment Consortium, 59, 86, 94

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS), 56, 108, 113

S

SBIR/STTR Technologies for Monitoring and Perfoming 

Resuscitation, 57

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and Transplantation, 87, 

99, 118, 119, 150

Sleep Heart Health Study, 87, 100

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities, 118, 114

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research (SCCOR) 

in Pediatric Heart Development and Disease, 56, 101, 102–

103

Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury, 101, 104

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR),

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis, 101, 

103

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma, 101, 103

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology, 101, 104

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders, 101, 104

Ischemic Heart Disease in Blacks, 101, 102, 145

Ischemic Heart Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, Heart 

Failure, 101, 102

Molecular Genetics of Hypertension, 101, 102, 140

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis, 101, 102

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea, 101, 104

Pathobiology of Fibrotic Lung Disease, 101, 103

Pathobiology of Lung Development, 101, 103

Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases, 101, 102–103

Transfusion Biology and Medicine, 101, 104

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS), 86, 

94, 116, 119, 146

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP 2), 87, 99, 118, 

119

Strong Heart Study, 28–29, 86, 94–95, 138

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH), 86, 95, 

116, 119

T

T-Cell Depletion in Unrelated Donor Marrow Transplantation, 

121, 124, 132

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network, 

87, 99, 123, 124, 132–133, 151

Transfusion Biology and Medicine, 101, 104

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network, 

87, 99, 123, 124, 133

Translational Behavioral Science Research Consortium, 108, 

111–112

Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury, 101, 104

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), 86, 95, 122, 

124, 127–128, 144

Tuberculosis Curriculum Coordinating Center, 108, 112

W

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM), 86, 95, 117, 119

Women’s Health Initiative, 9, 10, 18–19, 31, 33, 70, 121, 124, 

134–135, 151

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE), 86, 95–96,