Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), 

this Memorandum Decision shall not be 

regarded as precedent or cited before 

any court except for the purpose of 

establishing the defense of res judicata, 

collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

KAREN M. HEARD GREGORY F. ZOELLER

Evansville, Indiana ROBERT J. HENKE

DAVID E. COREY

Office of the Indiana Attorney General

Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE

COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

IN THE MATTER OF THE TERMINATION )

OF THE PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP )

OF: T.D. and M.D. (minor children); )

)

A.D. (Father) )

)

Appellant-Respondent, ) No. 82A01-1308-JT-344

)

vs. )

)

THE INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF )

CHILD SERVICES, )

)

Appellee-Petitioner. )

APPEAL FROM THE VANDERBURGH SUPERIOR COURT

The Honorable Brett J. Niemeier, Judge 

Cause No. 82D01-1301-JT-3 and 82D01-1301-JT-4

August 11, 2014
2

MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

PYLE, Judge

STATEMENT OF THE CASE

A.D. (“Father”) appeals the involuntary termination of his parental rights to his 

children, T.D. and M.D. (collectively “the children”). Throughout the CHINS 

proceeding and at the time of the termination hearing, Father did not comply with the 

parental participation plan he signed and could not secure adequate employment or 

housing for the children. As a result, the trial court found that the conditions that led to 

the children’s continued removal from Father’s care would not be remedied. In addition, 

the participating service providers testified that termination of Father’s parental rights 

was in the children’s best interests. The Department of Child Services (“DCS”)

presented clear and convincing evidence supporting the termination of Father’s parental 

rights.

We affirm.

ISSUE

Whether DCS presented clear and convincing evidence to support the 

termination of Father’s parental rights.

FACTS

T.D. was born on March 10, 2007 and his sister, M.D., was born on March 13, 

2011. On April 5, 2011, DCS filed a petition alleging M.D. was a child in need of 

services (“CHINS”) because she was born with THC in her system. T.D. was included in 

the petition. At a detention hearing on April 12, 2011, Mother admitted that the children 
3

were CHINS and DCS agreed to leave the children in Mother’s care as long as her 

subsequent drug screens were negative. Father was incarcerated in a work release facility 

at the time the court adjudicated T.D. and M.D. as CHINS. Father eventually appeared at 

a hearing with counsel, did not object to the children’s CHINS finding, and signed a 

parental participation plan. The parental participation plan required Father to do the 

following: submit to random drug screens; participate in supervised visits with his 

children; remain drug and alcohol free; participate in programs during incarceration to 

improve his parenting skills; and maintain contact with the DCS family case manager. 

The plan also required Father to secure and maintain “stable housing that is kept safe for 

the [children],” notify DCS of changes in his personal information and household 

composition within forty-eight hours, and obey the law. (Ex. Vol. I, Ex. 3A at 110-11). 

In June 2011, DCS removed the children from Mother’s care after noncompliance 

with the conditions that had been established as a part of the in-home CHINS 

proceedings. DCS attempted a trial home visit with Mother, but DCS removed the 

children from Mother’s care again and placed them with relatives because Mother was 

incarcerated. The children eventually were placed in foster care. Father was still 

incarcerated at this time and participated in supervised visits with his children, but he did 

not consistently follow the rules and regulations of the facility. On September 8, 2011, 

Father’s placement in community corrections was revoked, and he was sentenced to the 

Department of Correction (“DOC”). Father was released from DOC on June 21, 2012. 

Before and after his release from prison, Father had difficulty maintaining stable 

employment and housing. Father worked briefly at Penn Station, Taco Bell, Toyota, and 
4

Subway. Father was fired from all of these positions, having worked at each for less than 

a year. After his release from prison, Father worked for Tom Guggenheim 

(“Guggenheim”). Father stated that he worked about thirty-six (36) hours per week and 

earned $13.00 per hour. Guggenheim testified that he hired Father for a temporary 

project scheduled to last about a month but lasted about two months due to delays. 

Guggenheim reduced Father’s pay from $13.00 per hour to $9.00 per hour because Father 

brought another person to help on the project, and Guggenheim could not afford to pay 

both men $13.00 per hour. 

Father was evicted from one apartment in late September 2012. On November 28, 

2012, Father leased an apartment in the Southwinds apartment complex. Father was not 

required to pay rent because he reported to Southwinds that he had no income. However, 

Jamie Eickhoff (“Eickhoff”), site manager at Southwinds, testified that Father never 

reported his income from his work with Guggenheim. Eickhoff further stated that Father 

would have to pay back rent and other fees totaling over $1700 to be in good standing 

with Southwinds and possibly move into a two-bedroom apartment. 

Once Father was released from DOC, he resumed weekly visits with T.D. but not 

M.D. at the offices of Ireland Home Based Services. Father attended three visits and 

eventually asked twice that the visits be moved to another day to accommodate his work 

schedule. Father’s visits with T.D. were moved from Mondays to Tuesdays, then from 

Tuesdays to Thursdays. After changing the visitation day, Father failed to show up for 

visits four times and cancelled visits on six other occasions. The cancelled visits had a 

very detrimental impact on T.D. When the visits began, T.D. reported to his therapist 
5

that he was very excited to see Father and that the visits were going well. When Father 

would miss visits, T.D.’s behavior would become “increasingly aggressive and 

destructive.” (Ex. Vol. IV Ex. 23 at 43). T.D. blamed his foster parents when Father 

would miss visits. The court-appointed special advocate, Deborah Gamache (“CASA 

Gamache”), requested that the visits stop after Father’s multiple missed and cancelled 

visits. Father eventually requested to stop visits with T.D. as well. 

Megan Halstead (“Halstead”) was a therapist who worked with T.D. to address 

issues he had in adjusting to being in foster care. As her time with T.D. progressed, 

Halstead focused on addressing T.D.’s aggressive behavior. Halstead noted that T.D. did 

well in his foster home when Father was consistently visiting. When Father failed to visit 

T.D., Halstead observed that T.D.’s aggressive behavior increased. After treatment, 

Halstead said that T.D. was “doing pretty well.” (Tr. 112). T.D. still had tantrums, but 

these were mostly related to issues with his other siblings. 

DCS filed petitions to terminate Father’s parental rights to the children on January 

1, 2013.1 The trial court conducted evidentiary hearings on March 12 and 26 and July 3, 

2013. Jennifer Hall (“FCM Hall”), the family case manager, testified that of all of the 

requirements of the parental participation plan Father signed, visitation with T.D. was the 

only condition in which he took part. FCM Hall testified that she met with Father and 

spoke with him about complying with the parental participation plan. Father responded 

that he would be willing to terminate his parental rights to the children. Specifically 

regarding M.D., Father admitted that he had no bond with her and that he would not be 

 

1 Mother voluntarily terminated her parental rights to the children on December 4, 2012.
6

able to keep up with all of her required medical appointments.2 Father also told FCM 

Hall that the children were doing well in foster placement and that he would not “win” at 

a termination hearing. (Tr. 157). FCM Hall testified that the children had lived in foster 

care with their half siblings, that the children had established a strong bond, and that she 

could not imagine splitting them up. 

CASA Gamache filed a report on December 10, 2012. In her report, she stated 

that termination of Father’s parental rights was in the best interests of the children 

because “Father has proven he cannot provide the needed financial and housing stability, 

the dependability that all children need for security, or that he can provide the needed 

medical attention for his children so [vitally needed] to have a chance of maturing into 

healthy adulthood.” (Ex. Vol. I., Ex. 3A at 3). Further, her report stated:

The children have a great deal of mental health issues, physical and medical 

care that is needed on a weekly basis. The foster parents make sure that the 

children are attending all medical and therapeutic appointments for their 

special needs. [M.D.] has a lot of medical issues that require a great deal of 

occupational and physical therapies for delayed motor and speech skills. 

[M.D.] has been seen at Riley [Hospital] and needs her growth re-check 

next year since [M.D.] currently has an 1⁄2 inch difference from one leg to 

the other. These weekly appointments are essential to his children’s wellbeing. Their medical and therapeutic appointments are critical and cannot 

be neglected. [Father] has proved he cannot be bothered to visit with his 

son once a week; CASA does not want to imagine what would happen to 

his children if he provides the same care [to] these appointments as he did 

with his visitations.

Id. On July 3, 2013, the trial court entered its order terminating Father’s parental rights. 

Father now appeals. We will provide additional facts as necessary.

 

2 M.D. sees a therapist three times per week for speech and hearing issues. According to CASA 

Gamache’s report, these issues were also being monitored by Riley Hospital to determine the extent of 

her medical issues.
7

DECISION

Although parental rights are of a constitutional dimension, the law allows for 

termination of these rights when parties are unable or unwilling to meet their 

responsibilities. In re A.N.J., 690 N.E.2d 716, 720 (Ind. Ct. App. 1997). The purpose of 

termination of parental rights is not to punish parents but to protect children. In re L.S., 

717 N.E.2d 204, 208 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), trans. denied, cert. denied. 

In reviewing the termination of parental rights, we will neither reweigh the 

evidence nor judge the credibility of witnesses. In re I.A., 934 N.E.2d 1127, 1132 (Ind. 

2010). We consider only the evidence most favorable to the judgment. Id. Where the 

trial court has entered findings of fact and conclusions thereon, we apply a two-tiered 

standard of review. Id. We must determine whether the evidence supports the findings 

and then whether the findings support the judgment. Id. We will set aside a judgment 

terminating a parent-child relationship only if it is clearly erroneous. Id. A judgment is

clearly erroneous if the findings do not support the conclusions or the conclusions do not 

support the judgment. Id. 

When DCS seeks to terminate parental rights pursuant to INDIANA CODE § 31-35-

2-4(b)(2), it must plead and prove, in relevant part:

* * * *

(B) that one (1) of the following is true:

(i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted 

in the child’s removal or the reasons for placement outside of the 

home of the parents will not be remedied.
8

(ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of the 

parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of the child.

(iii) The child has on two (2) separate occasions, been adjudicated a 

child in need of services.

(C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and

(D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the child.

Because subsection (b)(2)(B) is written in the disjunctive, DCS need prove only one of 

the three elements by clear and convincing evidence. See Bester v. Lake Cnty. Office of 

Family and Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 153 n.5 (Ind. 2005). These allegations must be 

established by clear and convincing evidence. I.A., 934 N.E.2d at 1133. If the trial court 

finds the allegations in a petition described in section 4 of this chapter are true, the court 

shall terminate the parent-child relationship. I.C. § 31-35-2-8(a).

Father argues that DCS did not establish the following: (1) that he would not 

remedy the conditions requiring the children’s continued placement outside of his care; 

(2) that a continuation of the parent-child relationship posed a threat to the children’s 

well-being; (3) that termination of his parental rights was in the best interests of the 

children; and (4) there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the children. 

1. Conditions Remedied

Father argues that DCS did not present clear and convincing evidence that he 

would not remedy the conditions resulting in the removal or continued placement of the 

children outside of his care. Father essentially claims that he remedied the conditions 

resulting in the children’s removal or continued placement from his care because he was 
9

out of prison, living in a one bedroom apartment, and employed at the time of the 

termination hearing.

To determine whether a reasonable probability exists that the conditions justifying 

a child’s continued placement outside of the home will not be remedied, the trial court 

must judge a parent’s fitness to care for the child at the time of the termination hearing, 

taking into consideration any evidence of changed conditions. A.N.J., 690 N.E.2d at 721. 

The trial court must also evaluate the parent’s habitual pattern of conduct to determine 

whether there is a substantial probability of future neglect or deprivation. Id. A trial 

court may properly consider evidence of a parent’s prior criminal history, drug and 

alcohol abuse, history of neglect, failure to provide support, and lack of adequate 

employment and housing. McBride v. Monroe Cnty. Office of Family and Children, 798 

N.E.2d 185, 199 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999). Additionally, the trial court can properly consider 

the services offered by DCS to the parent and the parent’s response to those services as 

evidence of whether conditions will be remedied. Id. “DCS need not rule out all 

possibilities of change; rather, DCS need establish only that there is a reasonable 

probability that the parent’s behavior will not change.” In re Kay.L., 867 N.E.2d 236, 

242 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). 

We note that the children were initially removed from Mother’s care for 

noncompliance with the in-home CHINS proceeding and were finally placed in foster 

care after Mother was arrested during a trial home visit. Father’s incarceration in a work 

release facility at the time of the CHINS finding was the reason the children could not be 

placed in his care. We further acknowledge that at the time of the termination hearing, 
10

Father was out of prison, living in an apartment, and working a job. Yet, Father was 

evicted from one apartment, and it appears he was only able to secure another apartment 

rent free because he lied to the property manager about his income. In addition, Father’s 

job with Guggenheim was temporary in nature, and Father had not maintained any of his 

other stated jobs for more than a year. Finally, of thirteen scheduled weekly visits with 

T.D., Father only attended three visits even after visit days were changed multiple times 

to accommodate his work schedule. It was not unreasonable for CASA Gamache to 

question Father’s ability to consistently take his children to therapy and doctor 

appointments if he could not consistently visit T.D. one day a week. This evidence

supports the trial court’s conclusion that “[w]hile at first glance it might appear that the 

father has rehabilitated himself after he has been released from prison, there are still too 

many inconsistencies and unstableness which cannot be over looked.” (App. 12). 

Accordingly, DCS established that there was a reasonable probability that Father’s 

behavior would not change. See, e.g., Kay.L., 867 N.E.2d at 242.3

2. Best Interests 

For the “best interests of the child” statutory element, the trial court is required to 

consider the totality of the evidence and determine whether custody by the parent is 

wholly inadequate for the child’s future physical, mental, and social growth. In re A.K., 

924 N.E.2d 212, 223 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010), trans. denied. In making this determination, 

the trial court must subordinate the interest of the parent to that of the child involved. Id. 

The recommendations of the service providers that parental rights be terminated support a 

 

3 Again, because I.C. 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) is written in the disjunctive, we need not address whether 

continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the children’s well-being. 
11

finding that termination of parental rights is in the child’s best interests. See A. J. v. 

Marion Cnty. Office of Family and Children, 881 N.E.2d 706, 718 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008), 

trans. denied. 

Father argues that the trial court ignored the totality of the evidence in reaching its

conclusion and that he should be given a reasonable opportunity to reunite with his 

children. The totality of the evidence shows termination of Father’s parental rights was

in the best interests of the children. Both CASA Gamache and FCM Hall testified that 

termination of Father’s parental rights was in the best interests of the children because of 

his inability to provide a stable home and income. In addition, his failure to visit 

consistently with the children reasonably supported CASA Gamache’s concerns about 

Father’s dependability in meeting the needs of the children. This testimony, in addition 

to the evidence previously reviewed, supports the trial court’s determination that 

termination of Father’s parental rights was in the best interests of the children. See In re 

A.I., 825 N.E.2d 798, 811 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005) (testimony of caseworkers, together with

evidence that the conditions resulting in placement outside of the home will not be 

remedied, was sufficient to prove by clear and convincing evidence that termination of 

parental rights was in child’s best interest).

3. Satisfactory Plan

Finally, Father argues that DCS failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence 

that a satisfactory plan was in place for the children. However, Father acknowledges in 

his brief that DCS presented testimony that the plan for the children was adoption. 

Precedent does not require DCS to state a more detailed plan. JKC v. Fountain Cnty. 
12

DPW, 470 N.E.2d 88 (Ind. Ct. App. 1984); In re B.D.J., 728 N.E.2d 195 (Ind. Ct. App. 

2000) (plan for adoption of a child in need of services may satisfy statutory obligation to 

have a satisfactory plan in place). Father cites no authority requiring DCS to present a 

more detailed plan. Accordingly, the trial court properly found that DCS met its 

obligation of having a satisfactory plan in place for the care of the children. 

DCS presented clear and convincing evidence supporting the termination of 

Father’s parental rights to T.D. and M.D. 

Affirmed.

FRIEDLANDER, J., and MATHIAS, J., concur.