**GAO-02-327**                      Published: Apr 05, 2002. Publicly Released: Apr 05, 2002.                  

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## Highlights

Extensive markup language (XML) is a flexible, nonproprietary set of standards designed to facilitate the exchange of information among disparate computer systems using Internet protocols. Although XML's technical standards, such as specifications for tagging, exchanging, and displaying information, have largely been worked out by commercial standards setting organizations and are in use, equally important business standards are not as mature and may complicate near-term implementation. Standards are not yet complete for (1) identifying potential business partners for transactions, (2) exchanging precise technical information about the nature of proposed transactions that partners can agree to, and (3) executing agreed-upon transactions in a formal, legally binding manner. The federal government faces many challenges as it attempts to gain the most from XML's potential. First, no explicit governmentwide strategy for XML adoption has been defined to guide agency implementation efforts and ensure that agency enterprise architectures address XML incorporation. Second, federal agencies have not yet identified and consolidated their needs for effective representation before key standards setting bodies. Third, the government has yet to establish a registry of government-unique XML data structures for systems developers to consult when building or modifying XML-based systems. Agencies must also ensure that they address XML implementation through enterprise architectures to maximize XML's benefits and forestall costly future reworking of their systems.

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## Topics

Government Operations

Computer languagesE-governmentElectronic data interchangeEnterprise architectureExtensible markup languageHypertext markup languageInformation technologyIT standardsMarkup languagesSystems compatibility