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Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) Policy
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- Bureau of the Fiscal Service
- Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) Policy
- Frequently Asked Questions

# Frequently Asked Questions

## General

A1: A Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) is a nine-digit number, which is either an Employer Identification Number assigned by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or a Social Security number assigned by the Social Security Administration (SSA).


The TIN Policy Directive requires that all federal payment vouchers submitted to Treasury include a valid Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN), unless otherwise exempt in the Policy Directive.


A The Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996 (DCIA) requires federal agencies to include payee TINs on certified payment vouchers. The Bureau of the Fiscal Service and other executive branch disbursing agencies are responsible for examining certified payment vouchers to determine whether such vouchers are in proper form. To ensure that executive branch agencies submit payment vouchers to Treasury in a proper form that includes TINs, the former FMS (now Bureau of the Fiscal Service ) issued a Policy Statement on October 9, 1998, requiring each agency to submit a TIN   implementation report to FMS documenting its compliance with the TIN requirement and identifying barriers to providing TINs on payment vouchers. FMS used these reports and input from agencies at interagency policy workgroup meetings as a basis for developing the TIN Policy Directive and providing exceptions to the TIN requirement if specific legitimate barriers exist.


The DCIA requires agencies to include the TIN of each payee on certified payment vouchers that are submitted to a disbursing official. Providing TINs on payment vouchers is necessary to offset eligible payments disbursed to a payee in order to satisfy a delinquent non-tax debt owed by the payee to the Government. The TINs are also necessary for agencies to report vendor income to the IRS and processing of tax levies on eligible payments in   order to collect delinquent tax debt. The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, enacted subsequent to the DCIA, included a provision that provides for the continuous levy of federal non-tax payments to collect delinquent tax debts. Fiscal Service has implemented continuous levy through a process similar to that of offset, and, accordingly, TINs on payment certifications are also necessary to implement this program.


The Treasury Offset Program (TOP) is a centralized debt collection program that the former FMS (now Bureau of the Fiscal Service ) developed to assist agencies in the collection of delinquent debt owed to the federal government. Federal statutes require a federal disbursing official to conduct such an offset when the name and TIN of a payee match the name and TIN of a delinquent debtor. Treasury uses TOP to match delinquent debt files against payment files. When a match occurs, the payment is intercepted and offset up to the amount of the debt. See more information on TOP, including all published rules, notices, and bulletins.


The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 authorizes the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to collect overdue federal tax debts from federal payment recipients by
            continuously levying up to 15 percent of each eligible payment until the debt is paid. Under the tax levy process, IRS will supply the Bureau of the Fiscal Service with an electronic file containing tax debt information for inclusion in the TOP database. TOP will compare the tax debt information with the information about eligible payments.  When matches occur, Fiscal Service will comply with the levy by transferring up to 15 percent of the eligible payment to IRS. See more information on tax levies.


## Exceptions

Yes, exceptions are available to agencies if specific, legitimate
            barriers exist. Fiscal Service does not require a TIN on a payment voucher under the
            following circumstances: Where an agency does not have the statutory or legal 
              authority to require a federal payee to submit a Taxpayer Identification Number 
              AND the agency has no other reasonable means of obtaining it;
            Where a federal payment recipient is unable to obtain 
              a Taxpayer Identification Number;
            Where the collection or provision of a Taxpayer 
              Identification Number has a detrimental effect on a law enforcement operation, a 
              military operation, national security, or emergency relief efforts;
            Where the agency does not expect to make more than 
              one payment, in an amount of $200 or under, to the same recipient within a 
              one-year period (i.e., the payment is non-recurring) AND the cost of obtaining 
              the Taxpayer Identification Number is prohibitive; or
            Where Fiscal Service determines that the collection or provision of a TIN is 
              not in the best interest of the Government.


While exceptions are available in some circumstances for vendor payments, this Policy Directive contains no specific exceptions for the
collection of TINs from vendors as a class of payments. It's important that federal government vendors be subject to TOP since payments made to vendors represent the largest individual payments subject to offset making the potential for a large dollar collection by fully offsetting these payments greater. Additionally, it's important that agencies obtain vendor TINs for reporting vendor income to IRS.


Yes. Although some payments are exempt from administrative offset, a TIN must be collected for the purposes of vendor income reporting and tax levies.


Exception d) of the TIN Policy Directive states that collection of the 
          TIN is exempt "where an agency does not expect to make more than one 
          payment, in an amount of $200 or less, to the same recipient within 
          a one-year period (i.e., the payment is non-recurring) and the cost 
          of obtaining a TIN would be prohibitive." Several agencies noted that 
          collecting TINs for one-time, small-dollar payments, such as refunds 
          for overpayments, is economically prohibitive. Fiscal Service recognizes that it 
          is not practicable to collect TINs when an agency is making non-recurring, 
          small-dollar payments and has established a *de minimus* 
          amount of $200, under which amount an exception would exist provided 
          that the cost of obtaining a TIN is prohibitive.


No. Individual agencies are in the best position to determine whether an exception applies or not.


## Compliance/Penalties

No, Fiscal Service will not impose a penalty on another agency for non-compliance with the TIN Policy Directive. However, Fiscal Service may include such information in reports to Congress, as appropriate, and may review agency compliance with this Policy Directive from time to time if agencies are frequently not able  to collect TINs.


Agencies should consult with agency counsel as to what actions are authorized or required when a payment recipient refuses or fails to submit his
or her TIN. Agencies are required by law to collect TINs from anyone doing business with the Government. (See 31 U.S.C. 7701 for more information.) Many agencies have implemented internal procedures that require federal payment recipients to submit a TIN as a condition of receiving payment. Additionally,
many agencies use contract clauses that require vendors to submit TINs as a condition of awarding a contract.


## Best Practices/Guidance

The agency implementation reports submitted to Fiscal Service identified several strategies, practices, and methods that may be useful in the collection of TINs
from vendors and individual recipients. Agencies reported that the greatest success in collecting TINs from vendors was achieved during contract proceedings. Most agencies have developed internal policies and procedures that require vendors to submit TINs as a condition of awarding the contract. By establishing these policies and procedures, agencies can refuse to do business with vendors who fail to submit a TIN. Such refusal
will ensure that agencies comply with 31 U.S.C. 7701(c), which requires agencies to collect TINs from each person doing business with that agency. Agency policies and procedures will also assist agencies in complying with 31 U.S.C. 3325 (d). The *Federal Acquisition Rule; Taxpayer Identification Numbers* (FAR TIN) interim rule, codified at 48 CFR Parts 1, 4, 13, 14, 15, and 52, provides agencies with contract clauses that require vendors to submit TINs as part of the application process and impose monetary penalties if such information is not supplied. These clauses are used
by a small number of agencies and have been effective in the collection of TINs for these agencies. Several agencies have developed contract clauses in agency supplemental acquisition rules, which specify that a proper invoice must include a valid TIN and EFT information. These clauses are used in support of the Prompt Payment rule at 5 CFR Part 1315, which requires electronic funds transfer (EFT)
information and a TIN as part of a proper invoice. In such cases, an invoice is rejected and returned to a vendor if the vendor fails to submit this information
and it was required to do so in the contract. Agencies are also taking measures to inform vendors and individuals of the federal government's efforts and requirements to collect TINs from payment
recipients. Agencies are making this information available by submitting letters to recipients, posting information on the Internet, and establishing points of contact with vendors. There were a number of agencies that planned to meet personally with vendors to convey the Government's TIN and EFT requirements.


## Privacy

Yes. The collection and use of an individual's TIN is protected under the Privacy Act. The Privacy Act contains specific provisions regarding Social Security numbers, in particular. When collecting Social Security numbers from  individuals, federal agencies must inform them whether the disclosure is mandatory or voluntary, by what statutory or other authority such number is
solicited, and what uses will be made of it. Agencies may disclose an individual's TIN in accordance with the act, which includes, but is not limited to, taking measures to ensure that this information is not disclosed to unauthorized third parties, and publishing routine uses in the Federal Register.


Last modified 07/14/23

Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) Policy

A program of the Bureau of the Fiscal Service



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