# Patent

## Title
System and method for processing speech

## Abstract

Systems and methods for processing audio are provided. The system may include a processor to convert an audio input received via a call to text. The processor may perform a comparison between a portion of the text to one or more phrases included in a table. The processor may also make a selection of at least one of a first object or a first action based on the comparison. The processor may further route the call based on the at least one of the first object or the first action.

## Background
CLAIM OF PRIORITY
This application is a Continuation Patent Application of, and claims priority from, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/750,792, filed on Mar. 31, 2010, and entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING SPEECH,” which is a continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 7,720,203, filed on Jun. 1, 2007, which is a continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 7,242,751, filed on Dec. 6, 2004, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.


FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present disclosure relates generally to speech recognition and, more particularly, to speech recognition-enabled automatic call routing service systems and methods.
BACKGROUND
Speech recognition systems are specialized computers that are configured to process and recognize human speech and may also take action or carry out further processes. Developments in speech recognition technologies support “natural language” type interactions between automated systems and users. A natural language interaction allows a person to speak naturally. Voice recognition systems can react responsively to a spoken request. An application of natural language processing is speech recognition with automatic call routing (ACR). A goal of an ACR application is to determine why a customer is calling a service center and to route the customer to an appropriate agent or destination for servicing a customer request. Speech recognition technology generally allows an ACR application to recognize natural language statements so that the caller does not have to rely on a menu system. Natural language systems allow the customer to state the purpose of their call “in their own words.”
In order for an ACR application to properly route calls, the ACR system attempts to interpret the intent of the customer and selects a routing destination. When a speech recognition system partially understands or misunderstands the caller's intent, significant problems can result. Further, even in touch-tone ACR systems, the caller can depress the wrong button and have a call routed to a wrong location. When a caller is routed to an undesired system and realizes that there is a mistake, the caller often hangs up and retries the call. Another common problem occurs when a caller gets “caught” or “trapped” in a menu that does not provide an acceptable selection to exit the menu. Trapping a caller or routing the caller to an undesired location leads to abandoned calls. Most call routing systems handle a huge volume of calls and, even if a small percentage of calls are abandoned, the costs associated with abandoned calls are significant.
Current speech recognition systems, such as those sold by SpeechworksTM, operate utilizing a dynamic semantic model. The semantic model recognizes human speech and creates multiple word strings based on phonemes that the semantic model can recognize. The semantic model assigns probabilities to each of the word strings using rules and other criteria. However, the semantic model has extensive tables and business rules, many that are “learned” by the speech recognition system. The learning portion of the system is difficult to set up and modify. Further, changing the word string tables in the semantic model can be an inefficient process. For example, when a call center moves or is assigned a different area code, the semantic system is retrained using an iterative process.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified configuration of a telecommunication system;
FIG. 2 is a general diagram that illustrates a method of routing calls;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram that illustrates a method of processing and routing calls;
FIG. 4 is a table that depicts speech input and mapped synonym terms; and
FIG. 5 is a table illustrating action-object pairs and call destinations relating to the action object pairs.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In a particular embodiment, a speech recognition system includes a speech recognition interface and a processor coupled to the speech recognition interface. The processor converts speech received from a call at the speech recognition interface to at least one word string. The processor parses each word string of the at least one word string into first objects and first actions. The processor accesses a synonym table to determine second objects and second actions based on the first objects and the first actions. The processor also selects a preferred object and a preferred action from the second objects and the second actions.
In a particular embodiment, a computerized method of processing speech includes determining a plurality of objects based on speech input and determining a plurality of actions based on the speech input. The computerized method includes comparing the objects and the actions with entries in a synonym table to determine synonym objects and synonym actions. The computerized method includes selecting a preferred object and a preferred action from the synonym objects and the synonym actions. The computerized method also includes routing a call that provided the speech input to a destination based on the preferred object and the preferred action.
In a particular embodiment, a computerized method includes transforming speech input from a caller into a plurality of word strings. The computerized method includes converting the word strings into pairs of objects and actions. The computerized method includes determining from a synonym table synonym pairs from the pairs. The computerized method also includes selecting a preferred pair from the synonym pairs.
Particular systems and particular methods are disclosed for processing a call by receiving caller input in a speech format and utilizing phonemes to convert the speech input into word strings. The word strings are then converted into at least one object and at least one action. A synonym table is utilized to determine actions and objects. Objects generally represent nouns and adjective-noun combinations while actions generally represent verbs and adverb-verb combinations. The synonym table stores natural language phrases and their relationship with actions and objects. The actions and objects are utilized to determine a routing destination utilizing a routing table. The call is then routed based on the routing table. During the process, the word string, the actions, the objects and an action-object pair can be assigned a probability value. The probability value represents a probability that the word string, the action, or the object accurately represent the purpose or intent of the caller.
Referring to FIG. 1, an illustrated communications system 100 that includes a call routing support system is shown. The communications system 100 includes a speech enabled call routing system (SECRS) 118, such as an interactive voice response system having a speech recognition module. The system 100 includes a plurality of potential call destinations. Illustrative call destinations shown include service departments, such as billing department 120, balance information 122, technical support 124, employee directory 126, and new customer service departments 128. The communication network 116 receives calls from a variety of callers, such as the illustrated callers 110, 112, and 114. In a particular embodiment, the communication network 116 may be a public telephone network or may be provided by a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) type network. The SECRS 118 may include components, such as a processor 142, a synonym table 144, and an action-object routing module 140. The SECRS 118 is coupled to and may route calls to any of the destinations, as shown. In addition, the SECRS 118 may route calls to an agent, such as the illustrated live operator 130. An illustrative embodiment of the SECRS 118 may be a call center having a plurality of agent terminals attached (not shown). Thus, while only a single operator 130 is shown, it should be understood that a plurality of different agent terminals or types of terminals may be coupled to the SECRS 118, such that a variety of agents may service incoming calls. In addition, the SECRS 118 may be an automated call routing system. In a particular embodiment, the action-object routing module 140 includes an action-object lookup table for matching action-object pairs to desired call routing destinations.
Referring to FIG. 2, an illustrative embodiment of an action-object routing module 140 is shown. In this particular embodiment, the action-object routing module 140 includes an acoustic processing model 210, semantic processing model 220, and action-object routing table 230. The acoustic model 210 receives speech input 202 and provides text 204 as its output. Semantic model 220 receives text 204 from the acoustic model 210 and produces an action-object pair 206 that is provided to the action-object routing table 230. The routing table 230 receives action-object pairs 206 from semantic model 220 and produces a desired call routing destination 208. Based on the call routing destination 208, a call received at a call routing network 118 may be routed to a final destination, such as the billing department 120 or the technical support service destination 124 depicted in FIG. 1. In a particular embodiment, the action-object routing table 230 may be a look up table or a spreadsheet, such as Microsoft ExcelTM.
Referring to FIG. 3, an illustrative embodiment of a method of processing a call using an automated call routing system is illustrated. The method starts at 300 and proceeds to step 302 where a speech input signal, such as a received utterance, is received or detected. Using phonemes, the received speech input is converted into a plurality of word strings or text in accordance with an acoustic model, as shown at steps 304 and 306. In a particular embodiment, probability values are assigned to word strings based on established rules and the coherency of the word string. Next, at step 308, the word strings are parsed into objects and actions. Objects generally represent nouns and adjective-noun combinations while actions generally represent verbs and adverb-verb combinations. The actions and objects are assigned confidence values or probability values based on how likely they are to reflect the intent of the caller. In a particular embodiment a probability value or confidence level for the detected action and the detected object is determined utilizing the probability value of the word string used to create the selected action and the selected object.
Many possible actions and objects may be detected or created from the word strings. The method attempts to determine and select a most probable action and object from a list of preferred objects and actions. To aid in this resolution a synonym table, such as the synonym table of FIG. 4 can be utilized to convert detected actions and objects into preferred actions and objects. Thus, detected objects and actions are converted to preferred actions and objects and assigned a confidence level. The process of utilizing the synonym table can alter the confidence level. The synonym table stores natural language phrases and their relationship with a set of actions and objects. Natural language spoken by the caller can be compared to the natural language phrases in the table. Using the synonym table, the system and method maps portions of the natural phrases to detected objects and maps portions of the natural spoken phrase to detected actions. Thus, the word strings are converted into objects and actions, at steps 310 and 312 respectively and the selected action and object are set to the action and object that will be utilized to route the call. The action and object with the highest confidence value are selected based on many criteria such as confidence value, business rules, etc., in steps 310 and 312.
At step 310 and 312, multiple actions and objects can be detected and provided with a probability value according to the likelihood that a particular action or object identifies a customer's intent and thus will lead to a successful routing of the call and a dominant action and dominant object are determined. Next, at step 314, dominant objects and actions are paired together. At step 316, a paired action-object is compared to an action-object routing table, such as the action object routing table of FIG. 5. The action-object routing table in FIG. 5 is generally a predetermined list. When objects and actions find a match, then the destination of the call can be selected at step 318, and the call is routed, at step 320. The process ends at step 322.
Referring to FIG. 4, as an example, it is beneficial to convert word strings such as “I want to have” to actions such as “get.” This substantially reduces the size of the routing table. When a call destination has a phone number change, a single entry in the routing table may accommodate the change. Prior systems may require locating numerous entries in a voluminous database, or retraining a sophisticated system. In accordance with the present system, dozens of differently expressed or “differently spoken” inputs that have the same caller intent can be converted to a single detected action-object pair. Further, improper and informal sentences as well as slang can be connected to an action-object pair that may not bear phonetic resemblance to the words uttered by the caller. With a directly mapped lookup table such as the table in FIG. 4, speech training and learning behaviors found in conventional call routing systems are not required. The lookup table may be updated easily, leading to a low cost of system maintenance.
In addition, the method may include using a set of rules to convert a word string into an object or action. In a particular example, geographic designation information, such as an area code, may be used to distinguish between two potential selections or to modify the probability value. In the event that the lookup table of the action-object pair does not provide a suitable response, such as where no entry is found in the routing table, the call may be routed to a human operator or agent terminal in response to a failed access to the action-object lookup table.
Traditional automatic call routing systems are able to assign a correct destination 50-80% of the time. Particular embodiments of the disclosed system and method using action-object tables can assign a correct destination 85-95% of the time. Due to higher effective call placement rates, the number of abandoned calls (i.e., caller hang-ups prior to completing their task) is significantly reduced, thereby reducing operating costs and enhancing customer satisfaction. In addition, the automated call-routing system offers a speech recognition interface that is preferred by many customers to touch tone systems.
The disclosed system and method offers significant improvements through decreased reliance on the conventional iterative semantic model training process. With the disclosed system, a semantic model assigns an action-object pair leading to increased call routing accuracy and reduced costs. In particular implementations, the correct call destination routing rate may reach the theoretical limit of 100%, depending upon particular circumstances. In some cases, certain action-object systems have been implemented that achieve a 100% coverage rate, hit rate, and call destination accuracy rate.
The disclosed system and method is directed generally to integration of action-object technology with speech enabled automated call routing technology. The integration of these two technologies produces a beneficial combination as illustrated. The illustrated system has been described in connection with a call center environment, but it should be understood that the disclosed system and method is applicable to other user interface modalities, such as web-based interfaces, touchtone interfaces, and other speech recognition type systems. The disclosed system and method provides for enhanced customer satisfaction because the customer's intent can be recognized by an action-object pair and a high percentage of calls reach the intended destination.
The above-disclosed subject matter is to be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, enhancements, and other embodiments that fall within the scope of the present invention. Thus, to the maximum extent allowed by law, the scope of the present invention is to be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited by the foregoing detailed description.

## Claims

1. A system comprising:
a memory; and
a processor coupled to the memory, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
converting an audio input of a call to text;
determining a first set of objects and a second set of actions from the text;
determining that a particular object of the first set is included in a first portion of a synonym table;
replacing the particular object in the first set with a synonym for the particular object from the synonym table to form a modified first set;
pairing an object from the modified first set with an action from the second set to form an object-action pair; and
routing the call based on the object-action pair.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the audio input is a speech input.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the text is associated with a word string.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein each object in the modified first set is associated with a confidence value.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the object of the object-action pair is selected to be paired with the action based on the confidence value of the object.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the object of the object-action pair is selected to be paired with the action based on a business rule.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the operation of replacing the particular object in the first set includes changing a confidence value associated with the particular object.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise identifying a destination location in a routing table based on the object-action pair.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the operation of routing the call includes routing the call to the destination location.

10. A method comprising:
converting, at a call routing system, an audio input of a call to text;
determining a first set of objects and a second set of actions from the text at the call routing system;
determining, at the call routing system, that a particular action of the second set is included in a first portion of a synonym table;
replacing, at the call routing system, the particular action in the second set with a synonym for the particular action from the synonym table to form a modified second set;
pairing, at the call routing system, an object from the first set with an action from the modified second set to form an object-action pair; and
routing the call at the call routing system based on the object-action pair.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein each action of the modified second set is associated with a corresponding probability value that represents a probability that the action corresponds to a voice command of a caller.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the action of the object-action pair is selected to be paired with the object based on the probability value of the action.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein determining the first set of objects and the second set of actions comprises parsing the text.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein routing the call based on the object-action pair comprises:
determining a routing location from a routing table based on the object-action pair; and
routing the call to the routing location.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein the call is a voice over Internet protocol call.

16. The method of claim 10, further comprising receiving the audio input via a web-based interface or a speech recognition interface of the call routing system.

17. A computer-readable storage device comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform operations including:
converting an audio input of a call to text;
parsing the text to determine an action;
determining that the action is included in a first portion of a synonym table;
replacing the action with a synonym for the action from the synonym table to form a modified action;
pairing the modified action with an object from a set of objects based on the text to form an object-action pair;
determining a destination from a routing table based on the object-action pair; and
routing the call to the destination.

18. The computer-readable storage device of claim 17, wherein the object is a particular synonym from the synonym table that replaces a particular object parsed from the text.

19. The computer-readable storage device of claim 17, wherein the action corresponds to a word string of the text.

20. The computer-readable storage device of claim 19, wherein the word string comprises a verb.