1

United States

Department of

Agriculture

Forest Service

Pacific Northwest

Region

Forest Leadership Team Message _____________ 2

Expenditures, Receipts, Goods & Services ______ 3

Ecosystem Health ____________________________ 4

Multiple Benefits to Communities ______________ 6

Scientific & Technical Assistance ______________ 9

Effective Public Service ______________________ 10

Locator Map & Address Info ________ Back Cover

INSIDE

Willamette National Forest

2000 ANNUAL REPORT

Signing of a Memorandum of Understanding:

The Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde and Willamette National Forest, January 2000

Keepers of Our Forest

Photo by Kim Mueller
2

Message from the Forest Leadership Team

ur Forest Service strategic plan goals are to create ecosystem health and provide multiple

benefits to communities, scientific and technical assistance, and effective public service. In

2000 we worked to meet those goals. We also fought fires across the nation in one of our worst

wildfire seasons, and we helped accomplish several nationally directed Forest Service initiatives.

 To do these things on the Willamette National Forest takes many people with a stewardship

ethic. Employees, partners, Native American tribes, contractors, volunteers, community organizations, and individuals all participate in this endeavor.

 As in years past, this report features just some of the people, hearts, and projects behind that hard

work. We always remember that you trust us with caring for this great Forest, and we will always do

our best to earn that trust. An example of the “other” groups that participate in Forest stewardship is

the Youth Conservation Corps (YCC). During this eight-week program youth participate in all

sorts of work from clearing trails to repairing campground facilities.

 The Forest gains by having needed work completed and building community relationships. To

see what the youth gain, read the quotes on this page from a journal kept by those who participated

in the Middle Fork Ranger District’s 2000 YCC program.

O

MARLEE STUBBLEFIELD

Executive Assistant

Y. ROBERT IWAMOTO

Deputy Forest Supervisor

DARREL L. KENOPS

Forest Supervisor

“Today we went

around and fixed all of

the bridges, the

loading dock, and

cleaned the water

bars out. It was hot,

but time went by fast.

We ran into a couple

of riders that thanked

us about 100 times

for doing repairs.”

 —Matt

“Today we went up

Fall Creek and

picked scotchbroom, thistle, and

tansy. It was kind of

cool when we would

hook the scotchbroom up and yank

it. Sometimes it

would not want to

come up but we

would try and try

again.”

—Andrea

“My most precious

memories of this trail

will not soon be

forgotten for they are

left on my face, arms,

legs and scalp. These

welts (small

insignificant “bug

bites” from Jurassic

period mosquitoes)

seem to itch for all

eternity.”

—Sabrina The Middle Fork Ranger District Youth Conservation Corps program symbolizes our

commitment to work with youth as well as many other people and organizations.

“As we were making

our journey back

home, Uni spotted a

wounded bat along

the trail. We picked it

up with a shovel and

gently put it down on

the side of the trail.

Hopefully the little

guy will make it.”

—Jessy
3

2000 Budget & Expenditures

Final Budget.........$ 40,906,139

Expenditures* ......$ 39,451,563

COUNTY AMOUNT

Clackamas $ 11,650

Douglas $ 684,361

Jefferson $ 8,492

Lane $ 13,266,409

Linn $ 6,314,086

Marion $ 1,846,298

Expenditures, Receipts, Goods and Services

(PROGRAM YEAR 10/1/99 TO 9/30/00)

Goods and Services Provided by the Willamette National Forest

NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Forest Products

MMbf* Timber Offered 2 Acres Reforested 1,276

MMbf* Timber Cut 29 Acres Timber Stand Improvement 9,557

MMbf* Alternative Volume 0 Cords of Firewood 1,880

*Million Board Feet Trees Planted 669,000

Christmas Trees Harvested 5,006

Soil / Water / Wildlife / Fish / Botany

Wildlife Habitat Improvement Structure 312 Miles/Stream Inventory 44

Acres Soil/Watershed Improvement 38 Miles/Anadromous Stream Restored 11

Miles/Inland Stream Restored 2

RECREATION, LANDS & MINERALS

Recreation Visitor Days 4,378,380 New Heritage Sites 10

Miles of Trail Reconstruction Acres Surveyed in FY2000 2,500

Miles of Trail Construction Passport in Time Projects 3

Miles Trail Available 1,760 Mining & Geology Activities Administered 328

Miles Scenic Byway Management 171 Trail Park Receipts $ 49,055

Boating Sites 25 Cougar Rec Area Receipts $ 69,300

Recreation Special-Use Permits 380

FIRE & ENGINEERING

Acres Wildfires Fought 24 Miles of Road Closed 710

Acres Fire Hazard Reduction 1,631 Miles of Road Decommissioned 13.8

Person-Days Fire Support 2,725 Miles Road Constructed 0.6

Number of Fires Fought 80 Miles Road Reconstructed 80.6

Sites, Emergency Flood Repair 125

The Forest conducts annual inventories using an infrastructure database called INFRA. Its purpose is

to help us better communicate funding needs in a credible way. Last year the following were identified:

570 Buildings 6,364 Miles of Roads

191 Developed Recreation Sites 208 Road Bridges

275 Trail Bridges 265 Major Culverts

} 3

FY99 R e c e i p t s T o C o u n t ie s

FY00

FY99

FY98 $ 24,113,200

$ 23,122,249

$ 22,131,296
4

Ecosystem Health

Going Native

Volunteers from the Siuslaw and Willamette National Forests as well as the Eugene Bureau of Land

Management got a taste of sunshine during the

spring of 2000 when they

helped botanists plant 2400

“big deervetch” seedlings at

two garden sites.

Botanists are hoping this

native plant will grow well in

the rocky, austere conditions

that exist along the sides of

roads. Big deervetch is a good

candidate because, being a legume, it is a nitrogen fixer, which means it can deal

with low organic content in soil. Its large taproot,

which finds water when sources at the surface dry

up, also makes it drought tolerant.

Big deervetch isn’t currently used in the roadside seed mix. Through this project, botanists hope

to learn how best to germinate seeds in a commercial setting, how best to grow the plant and how long

the plant takes to flower and fruit.

The Natural Resources Conservation Service

had germinated 300 families of the seeds during the

winter and botanists randomly selected four seedlings per family, which were planted in each of two

common garden sites.

Common gardens put different stresses on plants,

allowing genetic differences to reveal themselves.

One garden has deep soil, lower elevations, irrigation, and a longer growing

season. The other has rocky

soil and very droughty conditions in summer. These two

gardens will help determine

how far the native seeds can be

moved from their original location.

Just Right

In the story of the “Three Bears,” Goldilocks had a

hard time finding the right bowl of porridge to satisfy her palette. It took three tries before she found

food that wasn’t too hot or too

cold.

A somewhat similar problem

has occurred on the McKenzie

River. This river system is the primary watershed for wild populations of spring Chinook in the

Willamette basin and bull trout,

both threatened species. Compared to conditions prior to construction of Cougar dam, downstream McKenzie

River temperatures are too cold in spring and too

warm in summer. The cooler temperatures impact

upstream migration of adult fish and warmer temperatures reduce survival of juveniles.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began construction on a temperature control project October

2000 to address this issue. The project will take four

to five years to complete and will result in a multilevel tower in Cougar Reservoir that will essentially

pull reservoir water from different depths depending on what temperature of water is needed to transport downstream.

To complete the project, the Corps will need to

draw water down to an extremely low pool level from

May to October during the construction years of

2002 to 2005. The reservoir will be at normal flood

control levels from

November to April.

This tower will be modified to

control water temperature.

Cougar Dam

Deervetch
5

Ecosystem Health

Clearing up County Creek

With little or no knowledge about water quality and

fish habitat, people who visit the Upper McKenzie

River watershed innately get a sense that it is in

healthy condition. The water runs clear and cold in

the streams and large trees line the banks. So why

did the Willamette National Forest choose County

Creek, an area within this watershed, for a restoration project?

The Northwest Forest Plan states that restoration

efforts should focus on projects that control and prevent road-related slope failures as well as reduce longterm chronic supplies of fine sediment to streams.

The County Creek project met these objectives by:

• Obliterating over 6 miles of road

• Placing 6 miles of road into storage

• Restoring 23 stream crossings

• Reforesting 14 acres of former road surface

• Removing over 4500 cubic yards of unstable sidecast

materials

• Reconstructing portions of over 11 miles of road

The project provides a transportation system that

meets the needs of the recreating public as well as

future land management activities. In addition, these

efforts will improve watershed conditions, indirectly

improve the habitat quality of Chinook salmon and

bull trout populations in the McKenzie River, and

substantially reduce the potential impacts to water

quality during the next fifty-year storm event.

Protecting Another Spotted Critter

As of 1999, only two known Oregon spotted frog

breeding sites existed in the Mink Lake Basin of the

Three Sisters Wilderness on the McKenzie Ranger

District. About 70 percent of the historic populations of this medium-sized frog have disappeared.

To aid in their recovery,

the Willamette National

Forest joined the

U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service

and the Oregon

Department of Fish

and Wildlife in signing

a Conservation Agreement for the Mink Lake Basin spotted frog population last summer. This 10-

year agreement will try to stabilize or increase the

spotted frog population at Mink Lake Basin, reduce

threats, and increase distribution among available

suitable habitats.

Named because of the black spots on the backside of its head, body, and legs, the Oregon spotted

frog lives in wetlands like springs, ponds, lakes, and

sluggish streams that contain shallow water and abundant aquatic plants. Wetland loss and the introduction of non-native fish significantly impact the spotted frog.

The Conservation Agreement includes monitoring, public education, site protection, habitat surveys,

review and evaluation of potential impacts.

Photo credit: Spotted frog by

Alan D. St. John

As part of the County

Creek project, this

road was obliterated

using techniques like

sidecast pull back

and backfilling the

road prism.
6

Multiple Benefits to Communities

Advising Opal

A 13-member advisory council was formed in 2000

to comply with legislation that established the Opal

Creek Scenic Recreation Area (Opal Creek SRA).

The council serves as a consultant on matters relating to the management of the 13,408-acre Opal

Creek SRA, including the preparation of a management plan. The SRA management plan will provide

management direction on a broad range of land uses

including recreation, harvesting of non-traditional

forest products, and education and research opportunities.

The council meets twice a month. Meetings initially involved becoming familiar with Opal Creek

SRA issues and concerns; however, they quickly

moved into developing recommendations for future

SRA management.

All meetings are open to the public. The Council is just one method of public participation and the district will use other means to

obtain public input for the plan. All Opal

Creek advisory council activities are published on-line at: http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/

willamette/mgmt/opalcreek/opalcreek.htm.

Building Trust

The Forest took two significant steps to build tribal

relationships and fulfill the trust responsibility to

work with American Indian tribes on a governmentto-government basis.

First, after three years of discussions and rewrites,

the Forest signed a “memorandum of understanding” (MOU) with the Confederated Tribes of the

Grand Ronde in January 2000.

The MOU recognizes that the

Forest is part of the homeland

for the Grand Ronde and

that culturally significant areas within Forest boundaries

serve an important role in historic, current, and future use.

The MOU encourages

meaningful tribal involvement in land management

planning in ways like deferring to the tribe on matters relating to sacred or ceremonial

traditions and cooperating on cultural studies of mutual interest.

Second, Forest managers attended a four-day

workshop hosted by the Confederated Tribes of the

Warms Springs Indians. This workshop educated

managers in Warm Springs culture, traditions, treaties, ceded lands and history, and gave managers a

better understanding of the tribal perspective on natural resources management.

Group photo of The Confederated

Tribes of Grand Ronde Council and

Willamette National Forest Staff to

commemorate the MOU signing.

Photo by Kim Mueller

Crowds at Three Pools in the Opal

Creek Scenic Recreation Area
7

Multiple Benefits to Communities

Reclaiming History

It started with the 50th anniversary of the 12,000-

acre Sardine Fire. Archaeologist, Cara Kelly, wanted

to interview retired Forest Service employees involved

in the fire to capture some of the Detroit Ranger

District history.

So in 2000, several employees along with four

volunteers were trained in the art of oral interviews

and began talking to 11 retirees.

As the interviews progressed, Cara realized Forest Service employees were intimately involved in

community life in the North Santiam Canyon. The

interviews painted a broad picture––not only about

the stresses of a major fire, but about people connecting with each other in a small mountain community.

She heard statements like “The ranger station

was involved with the town and the town was involved with the ranger station.” This was proven by

another retiree who said, “The whole town was involved in the sports in the school. When we went to

Pendleton for playoffs, Detroit was just kind of shut

down and everybody was in Pendleton. It was a community thing and it was just a fun thing.”

Cara plans to continue interviewing a few people

each year to develop a richer image of Forest Service

and community life in the canyon.

Sweet Sewer

In 2000, the Detroit-Idanha Sewer project moved

closer to becoming a reality through cooperation

among the cities of Detroit and Idanha, the

Willamette National Forest, USDA Rural Development, and the State of Oregon.

The communities have been working for the past

seven years to find a location for the sewer treatment

facility and to secure the funding for the project. The

Detroit Ranger District staff completed an environmental analysis and Forest Supervisor, Darrel Kenops

signed the decision to sell the communities about 88

acres of National Forest lands for their sewer treatment facilities.

The Forest Service will use the authorities under the Townsite Act to sell the land. To help fund

the project, the Forest Service is providing a grant to

the communities for $298,500. The remainder of the

funding will come from USDA Rural Development

($4.9 million), congressional appropriation

($185,000), Oregon Economic and Community Development Department ($1.4 million), and Oregon

Community Development Block Grant ($750,000).

The new sewer will provide service to the communities, the Detroit State Park, and the Forest Service District administrative site. The construction of

the sewage treatment facility will bring the communities into compliance with the Clean Water Act.

From interviews of

retired Forest Service

employees involved in

the Sardine Fire, we

learn that the Detroit

community and the

ranger district were

closely intertwined.

Sardine Fire, 1951
8

Scientific and Technical Assistance

Infamous Fire

For thousands of years, fire has shaped and

influenced forests in western Oregon.

These fires ranged from rare ones that

killed most of the vegetation to frequent

ones that burned off underbrush and

left much of the forest intact. Plants

and animals adapted to these patterns

and many benefited directly from them.

Calling All Chinook

Historically, spring Chinook salmon lived and

spawned in the Middle Fork of the Willamette River;

however, Chinook survival in the river today sometimes requires assistance. Techniques like propagating young, and trapping and hauling fish above the

river’s three dams help maintain existing populations.

In 1999 and 2000, fisheries biologists on the

Middle Fork Ranger District conducted a comprehensive study using radio telemetry, redd (spawning

bed) surveys, and a fish trap. This study looked at

spring Chinook migration patterns, spawning patterns and success rates, and emigration survival

through the upper dam, called Hills Creek.

For the radio telemetry survey, biologists implanted 15 adults that had not yet spawned with

transmitters and then released them at three locations upstream of Hills Creek Reservoir. Biologists

pinpointed the in-stream position of the fish first by

vehicle, then by ground once a week.

Through the telemetry, redd surveys and fish trap,

biologists learned that spring Chinook effectively

reproduce upstream of Hills Creek Dam and passage through the dam outlets does occur. In addition, the current practice of transporting salmon to

highly productive, but non-accessible habitat should

continue. Finally, the study recommends that enhancement projects in accessible areas should occur

to augment spawning habitat.

Fish were anesthetized, then implanted with a transmitter

and whip antenna. The entire process took less then one

minute, and fish were then transferred to the release sites.

1996 Charlton Fire

Over the last 50 years, fire suppression activity

has changed forest conditions, resulting in higher levels of combustible materials, forest stands that are

too densely stocked, native plant communities that

are being overtaken by non-native species, and other

less than desirable forest conditions.

In 2000, the Willamette National Forest and the

Eugene and Salem Districts of the Bureau of Land

Management developed a strategy, called the Integrated Natural Fuels Management Strategy

(INFMS), that identifies possible approaches for returning our forests to a more balanced condition. The

strategy also identifies a method for establishing priority activities to reduce the potential for large-scale

destructive wildfires.

An INFMS website www.edo.or.blm.gov/infms

provides considerable background material, information, and opportunities for feedback on the strategy.
9

Scientific and Technical Assistance

Young and Thin

Most people dread the day they notice signs of aging

including the evidence of getting a little “thin on top.”

The same people can get excited about the prospect

of purposefully thinning out trees in young forested

areas to give them the features of an oldgrowth forest.

In fact, last year 150 people attended

a workshop to discuss a young stand thinning study in the Central Cascades Adaptive Management Area. This long-term

study, which also incorporates

underplanting and snag creation, tests

treatments to see if they can bring about

old-growth habitat in 35- to 45-year-old

plantations.

Thinned areas are compared to areas

where no thinning has occurred. Researchers look

at various forest elements like plants, songbirds, small

mammals, and mushroom populations to see if the

treatments create diversity.

In addition to the workshop, almost 50 people

attended one of three field tours to see the results of

thinning in even younger (15- to 20-year-old) trees

that are growing

in areas called

“late successional

reserves” (areas set

aside in the

Northwest Forest

Plan to retain or

develop oldgrowth characteristics.)

The early

stand thinning

used techniques

like varied spacing, wide spacing, gaps, clumps, hardwood retention, and meadow maintenance.

As researchers learn more, it is possible that both

very early thinning and the young stand thinning can

be used together to achieve a head start on developing those “signs of aging” in the forest.

While final conclusions have yet to be made, researchers are documenting differences in stands

thinned only four or five years earlier.

Are the Species in the Feces?

Bats are great insect eaters and important pollinators but, in places, are having a difficult time surviving because of habitat loss and human disturbance.

In trying to collect information to ultimately help

bats, Willamette biologist Pat Ormsbee

realized “we were really harassing these

little guys.”

 She began to

wonder if there was

a way to use genetic

markers in guano to

identify bat species

without handling

them. A geneticist

at Portland State University had the same passion,

so the two partnered to learn if this could be done.

 They collected wing biopsies (material from a

small hole punched in the wing, which re-grows in a

few weeks) for extracting DNA to develop genetic

markers that also could be found in the smaller

amounts of bat DNA available in fecal samples. This

helped show that guano would be a reliable test for genetically identifying bat

species, and last year they identified the

specific DNA markers they needed to

find. The two are now in their second

year of data collection using bat guano.

 This research has two management

functions that could eventually have international implications:

1) It enables researchers to monitor

roosts without harassing bats, reducing disturbance and giving researchers a better idea of use trends because

bats tend to avoid areas where they are disturbed.

 2) Bat species that are difficult to differentiate can

be more accurately and confidently identified using genetic markers.

 While they still have to develop the protocol to

ensure guano collection that will provide reliable results, their findings are positive enough that other

bat researchers are taking interest.

Researchers are studying the effects

of early thinning of young stands .

DNA samples are taken

from bat wings.
10

The bridge prior to repairs...

The suspension bridge

after reconstruction.

Effective Public Service

Story of Suspense

A nursery rhyme begins: “There was a crooked man

who walked a crooked mile.” Crooked things in nursery rhymes may be entertaining, but they can be dangerous when it comes to bridges.

Take, for example, the Blowout Creek suspension bridge. Constructed in 1952, this bridge spans a

portion of Detroit Reservoir. The suspension cables

for the bridge had deteriorated and caused the bridge

to tilt, giving it a rather crooked look.

Only a single center wire supported the bridge

so in June, the Forest closed it for repairs. The bridge

was in such poor shape that Detroit Ranger Stephanie

Phillips also closed the area underneath the bridge

to boats.

This historic and popular bridge was first built

for the North Fork of the Santiam River located near

the old town of Detroit, and was moved after the

reservoir was built. It is also one of few remaining

examples of a once commonly used bridge design.

That crooked man may have enjoyed his crooked

house, but the Blowout Bridge is no longer crooked.

It still has its historic quality and feel, yet new materials such as cables attached to anchors with steel rods

suitable for ground contact, make the reconstructed

bridge even safer.

Popular Science

Years ago, a few scientists from the H.J.

Andrews Experimental Forest agreed

to present some of

their research at the

newly constructed

Delta Campground Amphitheatre despite concerns

that the complexity of the research could prove too

difficult for some people. However, campground visitors and local residents responded enthusiastically and

“Nature Talks” was born. To date, nearly 3,000 people

have enjoyed the presentations.

What makes the series special is the cadre of presenters. Most are scientists who work out of the

nearby Andrews Experimental Forest. The unique

situation of an experimental forest in the backyard

of the Willamette creates direct access to scientists

who daily increase managers’ understanding of how

a forest community works.

While the public benefits from access to scientists, the scientists benefit from the experience of explaining their work to a lay audience. Though to some

scientists, this just comes naturally. Dr. Andy

Moldenke, an Oregon State University entomologist, uses humor to great effect. “I just try to be direct. What’s a simple way to get across the fact that

our forest soil is the result of billions of microscopic

bugs processing forest litter? I simply say forest soil

is bug poop,” he says.

Nature Talks! begins the first Saturday in July.

For an online schedule, go to www.fsl.orst.edu/ccem

and click on “Learning Opportunities.”

“Nature Talks” appeal to all ages.

Deteriorated suspension

cables were replaced.
11

Effective Public Service

CCC

From 1933 to 1942, the Civilian Conservation Corps

(CCC) gave jobless young men work as part of a

national relief program during the Great Depression.

In Oregon, 50 CCC camps were built that

housed 200 men each. The U.S. Army provided housing, food, clothing, medical care, pay, and education

programs while the Forest Service provided work, supervision, and training. The men did everything from

building roads to fighting wild fires.

By the Way

The McKenzie Ranger Station has received a

“facelift” to help serve an ever-growing number of

visitors to two of Oregon’s

National Scenic Byways

(NSB).

The district serves as an

entryway, or “portal” into the

McKenzie Pass/Santiam

Pass NSB and West Cascades NSB. Portals often

serve as rest and information

stops to orient visitors, help

them determine which sites

to see along their drive, help

them identify potential experiences off the byway, and familiarize them with

available services along the way.

The portal project was enabled by funding from

Expeditious Award

Last year, Chief Mike Dombeck honored the Sweet

Home Ranger District with a National Award for

Excellence for the district’s

Heritage Expedition project

called “Trekking the Old

Santiam Wagon Road.”

The district held two expeditions where 34 trekkers

hiked, camped, and explored.

Trekkers learned about the

stewardship provided by the

Forest Service and employees

gained a greater understanding of public attitude and

natural resource knowledge.

As a fee demonstration program, the expeditions

helped complete much needed work. Proceeds were

used to fund cultural resource restoration projects and

several trekkers volunteered to help the district after

their experience. Front view of the portal during construction.

Honoring the men who served in the CCC.

In 2000, the Willamette National Forest hosted two CCC ceremonies at Longbow and Clark

Creek Organization Camps to

honor the men who participated in

this program.

In a letter of thanks, the current vice president of a local chapter of CCC alumni called the signs

and bronze plaques that were

erected as part of the ceremonies

“works of art, which will be enjoyed

by the public for many years.”

Addie learned about mule packing

during the Heritage Expedition.

the Federal Highway

Administration and the

National Scenic Byways

Program.

The project includes nearly 1400

square feet of new front

office space –most of

which will serve as public space for byway travelers, National Forest

recreationists and the

local community.
12

DETROIT

MIDDLE

BLUE

RIVER

McKENZIE

SWEET HOME

SALEM

ALBANY

EUGENE

SPRINGFIELD

SISTERS

LOWELL

SWEET HOME

DETROIT

5

22

20

126

20

126

126

58

58

BLUE RIVER

242

FORK

McKENZIE

BRIDGE

OAKRIDGE

Closed in winter

Ranger Station

Willamette National Forest

Willamette National Forest Supervisor’s Office

Federal Building, 211 East 7th Ave., P.O. Box 10607

Eugene, OR 97440

Phone (541) 465-6521

Website: http://fs.fed.us/r6/willamette

Middle Fork Ranger District

46375 Hwy 58

Westfir, OR 97492

Phone (541) 782-2283

or

60 S. Pioneer St.

Lowell, OR 97452

Phone (541) 937-2129

Detroit Ranger District

HC73, Box 320

Mill City, OR 97360

Phone (503) 854-3366

Sweet Home Ranger District

3225 Highway 20

Sweet Home, OR 97386

Phone (541) 367-5168

McKenzie Ranger District

57600 McKenzie Hwy

McKenzie Bridge, OR 97413

Phone (541) 822-3381

Blue River Ranger District

P.O. Box 199

Blue River, OR 97413

Phone (541) 822-3317

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R6-WILL-134-01