Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), 

this Memorandum Decision shall not 

be regarded as precedent or cited 

before any court except for the 

purpose of establishing the defense of 

res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the 

law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

DONALD E. BAIER GREGORY F. ZOELLER

Baier & Baier Attorney General of Indiana 

Mount Vernon, Indiana

MICHAEL GENE WORDEN

Deputy Attorney General 

Indianapolis, Indiana 

IN THE

COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

MYRON MARKAS COOK, )

)

Appellant-Defendant, )

)

vs. ) No. 65A05-1201-CR-15

)

STATE OF INDIANA, )

)

Appellee-Plaintiff. )

APPEAL FROM THE POSEY CIRCUIT COURT

The Honorable James M. Redwine, Judge

Cause No. 65C01-1103-FB-103

September 14, 2012

MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

ROBB, Chief Judge
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Case Summary and Issues

After a jury trial, Myron Cook was found guilty of dealing in methamphetamine, 

a Class B felony; possession of chemical reagents or precursors with intent to 

manufacture a controlled substance, a Class D felony; and maintaining a common 

nuisance, a Class D felony. Cook raises two issues for our review, which we restate as: 

1) whether the search of Cook’s residence violated the Fourth Amendment; and 2) 

whether sufficient evidence supports his conviction for dealing in methamphetamine. 

Concluding the search of Cook’s home did not violate the Fourth Amendment and 

sufficient evidence supports his conviction for dealing in methamphetamine, we affirm. 

Facts and Procedural History

While working the midnight shift in March 2011, Mount Vernon Police Officer 

Allen Middleton was driving through a residential area when he smelled a strong odor of 

ether, a chemical frequently used in the production of methamphetamine. He drove back 

through the area, this time with his windows rolled down, and again noticed the odor. 

After contacting Officer Darrin Lemberg, the two men walked around the area in an 

attempt to determine from where the odor emanated. They determined the smell was 

strongest when standing in front of a home on West Third Street. Officer Lemberg 

noticed an open window on the side of the house, approached the window, and 

determined the smell was even stronger by the open window. 

Officer Lemberg left to obtain a search warrant, while Officer Middleton waited 

on West Third Street and watched the house. Soon thereafter, Officer Middleton noticed 

a male exit the front of the house, walk off the porch, and shine a flashlight towards 

where Officer Middleton and his car were located. The man then went back onto the 
3

porch. Officer Middleton called Officer Lemberg and told him “they know we’re here.” 

Transcript at 9. Officer Lemberg returned, and the officers decided to enter the house. 

The officers approached the front door of the house while deputies of the Posey County 

Sheriff’s Department covered the back door. While approaching the front door, the 

officers also detected the odor of anhydrous ammonia, another chemical used in 

methamphetamine production. When Officers Lemberg and Middleton knocked on the 

front door, they could hear people talking inside, but no one answered. After Officer 

Lemberg informed the inhabitants they would force entry, a woman opened the door. 

At the same time that the front door was opened, the deputies covering the back 

door forced entry into the home. Cook was one of the home’s inhabitants, along with two 

women, a six-year-old child, and a seven-month-old child. They asked one of the women 

for consent to search the house, but she refused. Officers ordered the inhabitants out of 

the home and, when an officer arrived with a search warrant one to two hours later, they 

searched the home. The following items were found in the home: a bottle containing 

sulfuric acid, batteries that had lithium stripped from them and were soaking in a solvent, 

a bottle with salt in the bottom and a hole drilled in the top with a tube coming out of it, 

an empty bottle of Heet, coffee filters, salt, sandwich baggies, a baggie containing a white 

powder residue, an air tank with an altered valve, digital scales, a bottle of Liquid Fire, 

starting fluid cans, empty blister packs, and empty boxes of various brands of 

pseudoephedrine. The white powder residue was later determined to contain ephedrine 

or pseudoephedrine and methamphetamine in an amount less than .005 grams.

A jury found Cook guilty of dealing in methamphetamine, a Class B felony; 

possession of chemical reagents or precursors with intent to manufacture a controlled 
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substance, a Class D felony; and maintaining a common nuisance, a Class D felony. The 

trial court sentenced Cook to ten years for dealing in methamphetamine and one and a 

half years for each Class D felony, all to be served concurrently. Cook now appeals. 

Additional facts will be supplied as appropriate.

Discussion and Decision

I. Search and Seizure

A. Standard of Review

The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects citizens against 

unreasonable searches and seizures. Holder v. State, 847 N.E.2d 930, 935 (Ind. 2006). 

Searches performed by government officials are per se unreasonable under the Fourth 

Amendment if conducted without a valid warrant, subject to a few well-delineated 

exceptions. Id. We review the trial court’s denial of a defendant’s motion to suppress 

evidence using a standard similar to that employed in sufficiency of the evidence 

challenges. Id. We will consider the evidence favorable to the trial court’s ruling, along 

with substantial uncontradicted evidence to the contrary, and we will determine whether 

the evidence is sufficient to support the trial court’s ruling. Id. 

B. Cook’s Fourth Amendment Challenge1

The State argues Cook has waived his right to challenge the officers’ search of his 

residence as unreasonable because Cook did not object contemporaneously at trial when 

 

1 Cook briefly raises Article 1, Section 11 of the Indiana Constitution in his statement that citizens are 

protected from unreasonable searches and seizures. This is his only reference to this constitutional provision. Cook 

does not articulate a separate and independent basis that the search of his home was improper based upon the 

Indiana Constitution, and therefore any state constitutional claim is waived. Wilkins v. State, 946 N.E.2d 1144, 

1147 (Ind. 2011). 
5

evidence arising from that search was admitted. As a threshold issue, we address this 

first. 

Prior to trial, Cook moved to suppress evidence and argued the search of his 

residence was unconstitutional. Following a suppression hearing, the trial court denied 

his motion. At trial, several people testified: Officers Middleton and Lemberg, Jailer 

James Key, Deputy Jeremy Fortune, Kenneth Rose, Marcus Montooth, and Rebecca 

Nickless. In addition to the testimony of each individual, the State presented various 

exhibits, including all of the items found in Cook’s home, during the testimonies of Key, 

Fortune, Rose, Montooth, and Nickless. No exhibits were offered during the testimonies 

of Officers Middleton or Lemberg. 

As Cook notes in his reply brief, during Officer Middleton’s testimony, Cook 

objected based upon the Fourth Amendment “to any testimony presented beyond this 

point” when Officer Middleton began discussing the events and contents inside the home. 

Tr. at 10. Again, during Officer Lemberg’s testimony, Cook objected “to any testimony 

beyond this point” when Officer Lemberg began testifying as to what occurred and what 

was found inside the home. Id. at 30. Both objections were overruled. Cook does not 

cite to any other objections made during trial based upon the Fourth Amendment. On 

review, we will not search the record to find a basis for a party’s argument. Nealy v. 

American Family Mut. Ins. Co., 910 N.E.2d 842, 845 n.2 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. 

denied; see also Ind. Appellate Rule 46(A)(8)(a). 

As our supreme court has stated:

A contemporaneous objection at the time the evidence is introduced at trial 

is required to preserve the issue for appeal, whether or not the appellant has 

filed a pretrial motion to suppress. The purpose of this rule is to allow the 
6

trial judge to consider the issue in light of any fresh developments and also 

to correct any errors. 

Brown v. State, 929 N.E.2d 204, 207 (Ind. 2010) (citations omitted). We therefore agree 

with Cook that he did not waive the right to argue the testimonies of Officers Middleton 

and Lemberg violated the Fourth Amendment, but we agree with the State that Cook has 

waived such an argument for the various exhibits the State introduced into evidence 

while other witnesses testified. 

We now turn to the merits of Cook’s Fourth Amendment argument. Cook 

contends the police officers’ initial warrantless entry into his home violated the Fourth 

Amendment. Assuming for the sake of argument that the officers’ entry into the home 

was not invited, we examine whether any exceptions to the warrant requirement exist. 

The State argues the exigent circumstances exception applies because officers detected 

strong odors of ether and anhydrous ammonia coming from the home and, after they 

knew people were inside the home, the officers were concerned for the inhabitants’ 

safety. We agree. In Holder, our supreme court addressed whether a strong ether odor 

coming from a home coupled with police officers’ knowledge that the home was 

currently inhabited created exigent circumstances due to the risk of immediate danger to 

the home’s inhabitants. 847 N.E.2d at 939-40. The court concluded, “[w]e hold that an 

objectively reasonable belief in the immediate need to protect the public from death or 

serious injury supported the officers’ conclusion that exigent circumstances justified the 

immediate warrantless entry into the defendant’s house, notwithstanding the 

unreasonable search and seizure provisions of the Fourth Amendment.” Id. at 940. Cook 

is correct that in Holder police officers knew a child was in the home before entering, 
7

unlike here, and that the court noted this fact in its opinion as a factor giving officers a 

reasonable belief that immediate entry was needed to protect the public from death or 

serious injury, including the child. However, the court’s concluding paragraphs and 

holding do not limit the application of the exigent circumstances exception to situations 

where a child is present in the home. While a child’s presence may give officers extra 

concern, knowledge of any persons located inside the home is sufficient to create exigent 

circumstances such that the exception to the warrant requirement applies.

Even if no exception applied to the Fourth Amendment’s requirement that police 

have a warrant to enter a home, the violation would be harmless error. “Harmless error 

occurs when the conviction is supported by substantial independent evidence of guilt 

which satisfies the reviewing court that there is no likelihood that the erroneously 

admitted evidence contributed to the conviction.” Smock v. State, 766 N.E.2d 401, 407 

(Ind. Ct. App. 2002). The testimonies of Officers Middleton and Lemberg do not include 

incriminating evidence, other than the fact that once inside the home they could still 

smell ether and anhydrous ammonia. The officers had already testified that they were 

able to determine the chemical odors were coming from Cook’s home before they 

entered. Thus, their statements that they again smelled the chemicals once inside offered 

no new evidence. The rest of the evidence found in the home was retrieved after a search 

warrant was obtained.2 We are therefore satisfied there is no likelihood that the 

 

2 Cook argues that if the officers’ entry violates the Fourth Amendment, the search warrant was invalid 

because the affidavit for the search warrant contained information obtained during the initial entry into the home. 

Leaving aside our conclusion that Cook has waived any argument that the various pieces of evidence found inside 

the home were admitted into evidence in violation of the Fourth Amendment, we disagree with Cook’s synopsis of 

the search warrant affidavit. Although not entirely clear, the affidavit does elude to the affiant smelling ether and 

anhydrous ammonia inside the home after police entered, but it also stated that the officers detected the odor and 

traced it to Cook’s residence before entering, that Officer Lemberg knew Cook had previous involvement with 

methamphetamine production, that the officers themselves had previous experience with methamphetamine 
8

testimonies of Officers Middleton and Lemberg, even if erroneously admitted, 

contributed to the conviction. 

II. Sufficiency of the Evidence

A. Standard of Review

When reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence claim, we do not reweigh the 

evidence or assess the credibility of the witnesses. Treadway v. State, 924 N.E.2d 621, 

639 (Ind. 2010). We look only to the evidence that supports the verdict and any 

reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, and we will affirm a conviction if there is 

probative evidence from which a reasonable jury could have found the defendant guilty 

beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. 

B. Dealing in Methamphetamine

“A person who: (1) knowingly or intentionally: (A) manufactures; . . . 

methamphetamine, pure or unadulterated; . . . commits dealing in methamphetamine, a 

Class B felony[.]” Ind. Code § 35-48-4-1.1(a). “Manufacture” is defined as “the 

production, preparation, propagation, compounding, conversion, or processing of a 

controlled substance, either directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of natural 

origin, independently by means of chemical synthesis, or by a combination” of extraction 

and chemical synthesis. Ind. Code § 35-48-1-18. 

Cook argues the evidence is insufficient to support his conviction of dealing in 

methamphetamine because the evidence does not support a finding that he manufactured 

 

production and the smells of ether and anhydrous ammonia, and that Officer Middleton observed a man exit and 

subsequently re-enter the home while he was waiting for a search warrant. Even without the vague statement that 

could suggest the affiant smelled ether and anhydrous ammonia after entering the home, a sufficient basis for the 

issuance of the search warrant existed. See Jaggers v. State, 687 N.E.2d 180, 181 (Ind. 1997) (“In deciding whether 

to issue a search warrant, the task of the issuing magistrate is simply to make a practical, commonsense decision 

whether, given all the circumstances set forth in the affidavit . . . there is a fair probability that contraband or 

evidence of a crime will be found in a particular place.”) (quotation omitted). 
9

methamphetamine. Deputy Fortune testified about the scene officers found inside Cook’s 

home. He stated lithium had been stripped out of batteries and they were soaking in 

solvent in order to be added to the manufacturing reaction and that a water bottle had salt 

in the bottom, a hole drilled in the top, and a tube coming out. Deputy Fortune testified 

the water bottle apparatus was a hydrogen chloride gas generator, and “[a]ll you needed 

was the liquid fire to go with it, to add to it, to make the gas.” Tr. at 110. This is 

analogous to Dawson v. State, 786 N.E.2d 742 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003), trans. denied, where 

this court determined the defendant had “manufactured” methamphetamine by crushing 

over-the-counter pills into a powder form in order to extract ephedrine, a precursor in the 

production of methamphetamine, because this was an extraction process. Id. at 748. 

Similarly, officers discovered lithium, a precursor in the production of 

methamphetamine, extracted from batteries inside Cook’s home. A reasonable jury could 

have concluded Cook had “manufactured” methamphetamine based upon this evidence. 

Conclusion

Police officers’ initial entry into Cook’s home did not violate the Fourth 

Amendment because exigent circumstances existed, and the evidence is sufficient to 

support Cook’s conviction of dealing in methamphetamine. We therefore affirm.

Affirmed.

BAKER, J., and BRADFORD, J., concur.