FY 2010 

EPA Budget in Brief 

United States Environmental Protection Agency 

www.epa.gov 
United States Environmental Protection Agency 

Office of the Chief Financial Officer (2710A) 

Publication Number: EPA-205-S-09-001 

May 2009 

www.epa.gov 

Recycled/Recyclable—Printed on 100% postconsumer recycled paper. 
Budget in Brief 

Table of Contents 

R:\Planning\2010\President's Budget\Press Conference\BiB\Production\05.1 - CLEARED - BiB - Table 

PAGE

Overview ................................................................................................................1 

Summary Resource Charts 

 EPA’s FY 2010 Budget by Goal............................................................................5 

 EPA’s FY 2010 by Appropriation...........................................................................6 

 EPA’s Resource History........................................................................................7 

 EPA’s Resources by Major Category....................................................................8 

Highlights of Major Budget Changes .....................................................................9 

EPA’s Role in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA).............13 

Goals

 Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change....................................................15 

 Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water ............................................................................21 

 Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration ........................................................25 

 Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems ..................................................33 

 Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship .........................................45 

Appendices

 Summary Resource Tables 

 EPA’s Resources by Appropriation ..................................................................55 

 EPA’s Resources by Program Area ................................................................ 57 

 Highlighted Programs

 Categorical Grants ...........................................................................................65 

 STAG (State and Tribal Assistance Grants).....................................................67 

 Estimated SRF Obligations by State (FY 2008 – FY 2010 including ARRA)....75 

 Infrastructure Financing ...................................................................................79 

 Trust Funds (Superfund, Leaking Underground Storage Tanks) .....................85 

 List of Acronyms .................................................................................................89 

of Contents - FY 2010.docR:\Planning\2010\President's Budget\Press Conference\BiB\Production\05.1 - 

CLEARED - BiB - Table of Contents - FY 2010.doc 

Overview 

Mission

The mission of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

is to protect human health and the environment. 

Budget in Brief Overview 

The Fiscal Year (FY) 2010 Budget request represents the highest level of funding for 

EPA in its 39-year history. EPA’s Budget supports innovation, investment, and 

technologies to advance a green economy, and a green environment.

The EPA’s FY 2010 Budget requests $10.5 billion in discretionary budget authority and 

17,384.3 Full Time Equivalents (FTE) to accomplish EPA’s efforts to build a greener 

economy, move into a clean energy future, and protect human health and the 

environment in communities across the nation. The FY 2010 Budget provides a 

substantial increase from FY 2009, reflecting an enhanced focus in addressing public 

health and environmental challenges. Increased funding will be targeted at vital areas 

including investing in water infrastructure, protecting our freshwater resources, creating 

a foundation to address climate change and identifying research gaps as well as 

chemical management. Below are funding highlights of the FY 2010 President’s Budget. 

Invests in Water Infrastructure 

The FY 2010 Budget requests $3.9 billion for the Clean Water and Drinking Water State 

Revolving Funds (SRFs) to fund water infrastructure projects for states, tribes, and 

territories. This 157% increase will help states and communities meet the challenges of 

updating our nation’s water infrastructure. The Clean Water and Drinking Water SRFs 

provide grants to states to capitalize their own revolving funds, making water 

infrastructure more efficient and supporting green jobs in the 21st century. Since 

repayments and interest are recycled back into the program, SRFs generate funding for 

loans even without Federal capitalization. EPA estimates that for every Federal dollar 

invested, approximately two dollars in financing is provided to municipalities.

This historic investment will support critical projects that rebuild and enhance America’s 

aging clean water and drinking water facilities. Combined with $6 billion provided 

through the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act in FY 2009, a total of over $11 

billion will be invested through Federal capitalization grants into the Clean Water and 

Drinking Water SRFs over the course of two years. This investment will encourage 

efficient water delivery and “green infrastructure” projects to further promote clean 

water. In addition, the Administration will pursue program reforms that will put 

resources for these program’s ongoing needs on a solid foundation. EPA will continue 

to work with state and local partners to develop a sustainability policy. This will include 

management and pricing for future infrastructure, encourage conservation of resources, 

provide adequate long-term funding for future capital needs, and provide equitable 

consideration of small system customers. 

1
Overview 

Accelerates Great Lakes Restoration

The Great Lakes basin, which is home to 34 million people in the U.S. and Canada, 

holds 20 percent of the world’s fresh surface water, has 10,000 miles of coastline, and 

contains a diverse array of biological communities. The FY 2010 Budget requests $475 

million for programs and projects that strategically target the most significant problems 

in the Great Lakes region, such as aquatic invasive species, nonpoint source pollution, 

toxics and contained sediment, and habitat and species loss. This Initiative represents 

the Federal government’s commitment to significantly advance Great Lakes protection 

and restoration. Consequently, the Initiative will use outcome-oriented performance 

goals and measures to target the most significant problems and track progress in 

addressing them. EPA and its Federal partners will coordinate state, Tribal, local, and 

industry actions to protect, maintain, and restore the chemical, biological, and physical 

integrity of the Great Lakes.

Initiates a Comprehensive Approach to Slow Global Warming 

The FY 2010 Budget includes a $19 million increase for EPA to work on a Greenhouse 

Gas (GHG) emissions inventory and work with industry sectors to report high-quality 

GHG emissions data. This increase will also be used to develop environmentally sound 

methodologies needed to implement a possible cap and trade program, which includes 

offsets, as well as strengthen climate partnership programs. FY 2010 funding supports 

the Administration’s effort to develop a comprehensive energy and climate change plan 

to support America’s transition to a clean energy economy, and slow global warming. 

Enhances Vital Research Efforts 

The FY 2010 Budget requests an additional $18 million for research to help advance the 

deployment of green infrastructure for water treatment, make continued progress on 

computational toxicology (Comptox) models, increase the annual assessments and 

updates of Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) data and support further 

development of biofuels lifecycle and sustainability information. New research will 

assess, develop and compile scientifically rigorous tools to assist in incorporating green 

infrastructure into existing practices. IRIS and Comptox work will help improve the 

management of risks from exposure to chemicals in the environment, and biofuels 

research will provide decision-makers with better information on trade-offs and 

opportunities associated with increased production.

Continues Superfund Cleanup 

The FY 2010 Budget requests an overall annual appropriation of over $1.3 billion for 

Superfund. The Budget request for the Superfund Remedial program is approximately 

$605 million, sustaining the FY 2009 Enacted level. EPA will continue to devote more 

resources toward post-construction activities, as well as beginning construction at new 

sites and continuing to fund large and complex ongoing construction projects. In FY 

2010, EPA estimates it will achieve 22 site construction completions for a cumulative 

2
Overview 

total of 1,102 National Priorities List (NPL) sites (69 percent). These construction 

completions will contribute to the increase in EPA’s target from 30 sites to 65 sites.

Strengthens Enforcement 

The FY 2010 Budget includes approximately $600 million for EPA’s Enforcement and 

Compliance Assurance program, representing the highest enforcement budget ever, 

and a $32 million increase over the FY 2009 Enacted level. The Budget reflects this 

Administration’s strong commitment to vigorous enforcement of our nation’s 

environmental laws and ensures that EPA will have the resources necessary to 

maintain a robust and effective criminal and civil enforcement program. Specifically, the 

request includes an increase of approximately 30 FTE for additional civil and criminal 

enforcement staff. Additional staff will enhance efforts to integrate environmental justice 

considerations in EPA’s programs and policies and fulfill environmental requirements for 

other federal agencies’ projects funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment 

Act.

Protects Our Nation’s Water Supply 

The FY 2010 Budget provides $24 million to fully fund five Water Security Initiative 

(WSI) pilot cooperative agreements and the Water Alliance for Threat Reduction 

Activities. The WSI was launched in 2006 to demonstrate, test, and evaluate 

contamination warning systems at drinking water utilities. Adoption of effective water 

security guidance on contamination systems will be issued upon completion of these 

projects.

Moves EPA Forward 

The FY 2010 Budget includes $3.9 billion for EPA’s operating budget. The operating 

budget supports the heart of EPA research, regulation, and enforcement activities that 

are the foundation for science-based decisions. This funding is necessary to meet the 

21st century challenges of climate change, public health protection, and environmental 

preservation. Additionally, $1.1 billion is requested in grants for states and tribes to 

invest in environmental programs that protect human health and the environment 

The FY 2010 Budget proposes an increase to EPA’s FTE ceiling by approximately 132 

FTE bringing the total ceiling to 17,384 FTE. This workforce adjustment will allow EPA 

to revitalize its stewardship responsibilities for the American people. EPA will use 

workforce planning strategies to attract, reward, and retain a highly skilled and 

innovative staff essential to fulfill its mission. The goal of this workforce effort is to 

ensure EPA has a performance driven, results-oriented staff with the right mix of 

technical expertise, professional experience, and leadership capability.

3
4
Overview 

Environmental Protection Agency’s 

FY 2010 Budget by Goal 

Total Agency: $10,486 Million 

Goal 2

48.9%

Goal 3

16.8%

Goal 4

16.6%

Goal 5

7.5%

Goal 1

 10.2%

Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water

Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration

Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

$1,22

9

$1,070 M

$5,137 M $1,761 M

$1,738 M

$789 M

Note: Dollar totals in chart exclude a $10 million rescission to prior year funds. Totals 

may not add due to rounding. 

5
Overview 

Environmental Protection Agency’s 

FY 2010 Budget by Appropriation 

Total Agency: $10,486 Million 

STAG

49.5%

EPM

28.0%

S&T

8.0%

SF

12.5%

LUST

$113 M

1.1%

Oil

$18 M

0.2%

B&F

$37 M

0.4%

IG

$45 M

0.4%

Science & Technology Environmental Programs & Management

Inspector General Buildings & Facilities

Oil Superfund

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks State & Tribal Assistance Grants

$5,191 M

$842 M

$1,309 M

$2,941 M

Note: Dollar totals in chart exclude a $10 million rescission to prior year funds. Totals 

may not add due to rounding 

6
Overview 

A-1

EPA’s Enacted Budget FY 1998 to 2010 s Enacted Budget FY 1998 to 2010

(Dollars in Billions) (Dollars in Billions)

$10.5 

$7.6 $8.1 $7.6 $7.5 $7.8 $8.1 $8.4 $8.0 $7.6 $7.4 $7.7 $7.7

$0.0

$2.0

$4.0

$6.0

$8.0

$10.0

$12.0

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Years

Dollars

President's Budget Enacted Budgets

FY 2010 President’s Budget

A-2

17,951

18,284

18,366

18,100 18,000

17,832 17,802

17,909

17,759 17,631

17,560

17,324 17,252

17,384

15,000

15,500

16,000

16,500

17,000

17,500

18,000

18,500

19,000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Years

FTE

EPA’s FTE* Ceiling History Ceiling History

* FTE (Full Time Equivalent) = one employee working full time for a full year (52 weeks X 40 hours = 2,080 hours), or the 

equivalent number of hours worked by several part-time or temporary employees.

FY 2010 President’s Budget

7
Overview 

Environmental Protection Agency’s 

Resources by Major Category 

(Dollars in Billions)

$2.6 $2.7 $2.7 $2.7 $2.4 $2.1 $2.1 $1.9 $1.9

$4.1

$1.3 $1.4 $1.3 $1.3 $1.3 $1.3 $1.3 $1.4 $1.4

$1.4

$2.9 $3.0 $2.9 $3.2 $3.1 $3.2 $3.2 $3.2 $3.3

$1.0 $1.1 $1.1 $3.9 $1.2 $1.1 $1.1 $1.1 $1.1 $1.1

$1.1

$0.0

$2.0

$4.0

$6.0

$8.0

$10.0

$12.0

2001

EN

2002

EN

2003

EN

2004

EN

2005

EN

2006

EN

2007

EN

2008

EN

2009

EN

2010

PB

Categorical Grants

Operating Budget

Trust Funds

Infrastructure Financing

$10.5

$7.6 $7.6 $8.0 $8.4 $8.1 $7.7 $7.5 $8.1 $7.8

Notes:

Totals may not add due to rounding 

FY 2002 includes $175.6 M provided for Homeland Security in the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act 

FY 2005 Enacted reflects 0.8% Rescission 

FY 2006 Enacted reflects 0.476% rescission plus 1 % additional rescission – excludes Hurricane Supplemental funding 

FY 2008 Enacted includes a 1.56% rescission and $5 M rescission to prior year funds 

8
Highlights of Major Budget Changes 

Highlights of Major Budget Changes 

Investing in Clean Water 

Clean Water State Revolving Fund

(FY 2010 PB: $2,400.0M, FY 2009 Enacted: $689.1M) 

Requests a $1.7 billion increase for a total of $2.4 billion to allow states to address the nation’s 

aging infrastructure and replacement requirements to sustain and improve water quality. 

Enables states to provide loans and other forms of assistance for construction of wastewater 

treatment facilities, implementation of nonpoint source management plans, and development and 

implementation of estuary conservation and management plans. 

The proposed funds will be used to sustain communities, encourage and support green 

infrastructure, and preserve and create jobs. 

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund

(FY 2010 PB: $1,500.0M, FY 2009 Enacted: $829.0M) 

Requests $671 million increase for a total of $1.5 billion to support states in helping public water 

systems finance the costs of infrastructure improvements needed to achieve or maintain compliance 

with Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) requirements and to protect public health.

Great Lakes Restoration Initiative

(FY 2010 PB: $475.0M)

Requests $475 million for projects that strategically target the most significant problems in the 

region, such as aquatic invasive species, nonpoint source pollution, toxics and contained sediment, 

and habitat and species loss. 

Initiative will use outcome-oriented performance goals and measures to target the most 

significant problems and track progress in addressing them. 

EPA and its Federal partners will coordinate state, Tribal, local, and industry actions to protect, 

maintain, and restore the chemical, biological, and physical integrity of the Great Lakes. 

Other Key Water Investments:

Numeric Nutrient Water Quality Standards 

(FY 2010 Increase: +$5.0M) 

$5.0 million increase will provide additional technical and financial assistance to states to 

accelerate the pace of state adoption of numerical nutrient water quality standards. 

Chesapeake Bay Program 

(FY 2010 PB: $35.1M FY 2009 Enacted: $31.0M, FY 2010 Increase: +$4.1M) 

The $4.1 million increase will add to EPA support for implementing projects to further reduce 

nutrients and sediment loadings to the bay. 

9
Highlights of Major Budget Changes

Investing in Clean Air 

GHG Registry Rule 

 (FY 2010 PB: $17.0M, FY 2009 Enacted: $6.4M, FY 2010 Increase: +$10.6M, +10.0 FTE) 

Requests $17.0 million to support GHG Rule implementation activities and associated data 

reporting. 

EPA will design, develop, and test a data management system, develop guidance and training 

materials to assist the regulated community, conduct industry specific workshops and develop source 

measurement technologies for GHGs. 

Cap & Trade Offsets Methodology 

(FY 2010 PB: $5.0M, FY 2009 Enacted: $0.0M, FY 2010 Increase: +$5.0M) 

Requests $5.0 million to provide analytical support for proposed greenhouse gas cap and trade 

programs, including offset verification. These funds address basic analytical needs to assess a 

potential GHG cap and trade program. 

EPA, in cooperation with other agencies, will develop protocols to measure the effectiveness of 

offset projects, develop options to include early action offset credits and international offsets and 

provide advice on effective, environmentally sound approaches to offsets. 

Other Key Air Investments:

Renewable Fuels Standards (RFS) 

(FY 2010 PB: $21.3M, FY 2009 Enacted: $8.0M, FY 2010 Increase: +$13.3M) 

Proposal will increase EPA’s Ann Arbor Laboratory (NVFEL) capability to assess impacts of 

higher percentage biofuel blends and evaluate new vehicle & engine designs that handle those blends. 

Air Toxics 

(FY 2010 PB: $3.3M, FY 2009 Enacted: $2.5M, FY 2010 Increase: +$0.8M, +5.0 FTE) 

Funding will support the purchase of monitoring equipment, improvement of necessary risk 

assessment tools, including the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA), analytical support to 

states, including monitoring costs for schools, and 5 FTE in EPA's Regional offices to provide technical 

assistance and coordination. 

Research to Support Vital Environmental Concerns 

Greening of Water Infrastructure Research

(FY 2010 PB: $3.6M, FY 2009 Enacted: $0.6M, FY 2010 Increase: +$3.0M) 

$3.0 million increase expands green infrastructure research to assess, develop and compile 

scientifically rigorous tools and models that will be used by the Agency’s Water program, states, and 

municipalities to help advance the deployment of green infrastructure. 

Biofuels Research 

(FY 2010 PB: $5.6M, FY 2009 Enacted: $0.6M, FY 2010 Increase: +$5.0M) 

$5.0 million increase for a biofuels research initiative to aid decision-makers in better 

understanding the risk tradeoffs associated with biofuels use and production. 

Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) 

(FY 2010 PB: $14.5M, FY 2009 Enacted: $9.5M, FY 2010 Increase: +$5.0M) 

$5.0 million will increase the annual output of new assessments and updates of existing IRIS 

assessments. 

10
Highlights of Major Budget Changes 

Computational Toxicology Research Program 

(FY 2010 PB: $19.6M, FY 2009 Enacted: $15.1M, FY 2010 Increase: +$4.5M) 

Enhances modeling efforts to provide regulatory offices with detailed hazard assessment profiles 

on thousands of chemicals of concern. 

Managing Chemical Risks & Ensuring Homeland Security 

Enhanced Toxics Program 

(FY 2010 PB: $55.0M, FY 2009 Enacted: $47.1M, FY 2010 Increase: +$8.0M) 

Requests $55.0 million, a 17% increase, to enhance efforts to screen, assess and reduce risks of 

new and existing chemicals. 

Water Security Initiative 

(FY 2010 PB: $23.7M, FY 2009 Enacted: $15.0M, FY 2010 Increase: +$8.7M) 

Requests $23.7 million to complete funding for all Water Security Initiative pilot cooperative 

agreements begun in response to the Bioterrorism Act of 2002. 

State and Tribal Grants 

Provides increases to EPA’s State and Tribal partners in their core programs:

Water Pollution Control Grants 

(FY 2010 PB: $229.3M, FY 2009 Enacted: $218.5M, FY 2010 Increase: +$10.8M) 

Public Water Systems Supervision (PWSS) Grants 

(FY 2010 PB: $105.7M, FY 2009 Enacted: $99.1M, FY 2010 Increase: +$6.6M) 

Categorical Grants: Lead

(FY 2010 PB: $14.6M, FY 2009 Enacted: $13.6M, FY 2010 Increase: +$1.0M) 

Tribal General Assistance Grants

(FY 2010 PB: $62.9M, FY 2009 Enacted: $57.9M, FY 2010 Increase: +$5.0M) 

Brownfields Projects (STAG) 

(FY 2010 PB: $100.0M, FY 2009 Enacted: $97.0M, FY 2010 Increase: +$3.0M) 

Pesticides Grant Program 

(FY 2010 PB: $13.5M, FY 2009 Enacted: $13.0M, FY 2010 Increase: +$0.5M) 

11
Highlights of Major Budget Changes

Also Supports Important Investments 

Superfund Remedial Budget 

(FY 2010 PB: $605.0M, FY 2009 Enacted: $605.0M) 

EPA will continue to devote more resources toward post-construction activities, including 

beginning construction at new sites and continuing to fund large and complex ongoing construction 

projects. 

Strengthening Enforcement 

(FY 2010 PB: $600.5M, FY 2009 Enacted: $568.9M, FY 2010 Increase: +$31.6M) 

The budget requests a $32 million increase reflecting the Administration’s strong commitment to 

vigorous enforcement of our nation’s environmental laws ensuring that EPA will have the resources to 

maintain a robust and effective criminal and civil enforcement program. 

Import Safety: Automated Commercial Environment/International Trade Data 

System (ACE/ITDS) 

(FY 2010 PB: $3.1M, FY 2009 Enacted: $2.1M, FY 2010 Increase: +$1.0M) 

The budget requests a $1.0 million increase to link its systems with the ACE system at Customs 

and Border Protection (CBP) to aid verification of supporting claims on imported goods and prevent 

falsified documentation at more than 300 ports nationwide. 

Improved Transparency and Information Access 

(FY 2010 PB: $2.0M, FY 2009 Enacted: $0.0M, FY 2010 Increase: +$2.0M) 

The budget requests an additional $2.0 million to allow EPA to improve access to environmental 

information via the Internet including improving document search capabilities, and improving the 

content of EPA’s Web pages and Web-accessible information. 

Energy Efficiency at EPA facilities: 

(FY 2010 PB: $7.1M, FY 2009 Enacted: $5.1M, FY 2010 Increase: +$2.0M) 

The budget requests an increase of $2.0 million for green power purchases and upgrading of 

some safety and power facilities in order to continue meeting the three-percent annual Green House 

Gas reduction and comply with Executive Order 13423. 

Other Significant FY 2010 Changes 

Superfund Tax Reinstatement 

The Superfund taxes on petroleum, chemical feedstock, and corporate environmental income 

expired in 1995. The Administration has proposed to reinstate in 2011 the Superfund taxes as they 

were last in effect. 

The Superfund taxes are estimated to generate a revenue level of over $1 billion in 2011 to over 

$2 billion annually by 2019. 

The revenues will be placed in the Superfund Trust Fund and would be available for appropriation 

by Congress to support the clean up of the Nation’s most contaminated sites within the Superfund 

program. 

Drinking Water & Wastewater Systems 

(FY 2010 PB: $0.0M, FY 2009 Enacted: $5.0M, FY 2010 Decrease: -$5.0M) 

Eliminates the Homeland Security grants for drinking water and wastewater systems due to low 

use of funding over a number of years and decreased state demand for these funds resulting from 

completion of high priority activities associated with the Bioterrorism Act of 2002. 

12
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 

EPA’s Role in the

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 

The purpose of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (Recovery Act) of 2009 is 

to create and save jobs, jumpstart the U.S. economy, and build the foundation for longterm economic growth. The Recovery Act targets projects that will modernize the 

nation’s critical infrastructure, encourage America’s energy independence, expand 

educational opportunities, increase access to health care, provide tax relief, and protect 

those in greatest need.

The Recovery Act provides $7.22 billion for specific programs administered by the 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Program-Specific Recovery Act Plans 

represent the heart of EPA’s contribution to the nation’s economic stimulus. The six 

Program Plans are: 

1. Clean Water Recovery Act Plan: Investing in construction of water quality 

control and wastewater treatment infrastructure.

2. Drinking Water Recovery Act Plan: Ensuring clean drinking water through 

infrastructure investments such as treatment and distribution. 

3. Brownfields Recovery Act Plan: Cleaning up former industrial sites for new 

commercial or community use, and training and placing persons in environmental 

careers.

4. Underground Storage Tank Recovery Act Plan: Cleaning up petroleum leaks 

from underground storage tanks. 

5. Superfund Recovery Act Plan: Cleaning up uncontrolled hazardous waste 

sites.

6. Clean Diesel Recovery Act Plan: Supporting the use, development, and 

commercialization of strategies to reduce diesel emissions from older engines. 

Funding these programs will protect and increase “green” jobs, sustain communities, 

restore and preserve the economic viability of property, promote scientific advances and 

technological innovation, and ensure a safer, healthier environment. These programs 

were chosen carefully, both for their ability to put people to work and their environmental 

benefit. Grants, interagency agreements, and contracts will be awarded quickly. 

Progress and results will be monitored in detail to ensure that American workers and 

taxpayers reap the economic and social benefits of these investments.

13
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 

EPA’s Role in the

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 

Summary Table by Appropriation 

Appropriation Program

Amount

(Dollars in 

Thousands)

State and Tribal Assistance 

Grants Total $6,400,000

Clean Water State Revolving Fund $4,000,000

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund $2,000,000

Diesel Emissions Reduction Act $300,000

Brownfields $100,000

Leaking Underground 

Storage Tanks Total $200,000

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks $200,000

Hazardous Substance 

Superfund Total $600,000

Superfund Remedial Actions $600,000

Inspector General Total $20,000

Inspector General $20,000

Agency Total $7,220,000

14
Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change 

Strategic Goal: Protect and improve the air so it is healthy to breathe and risks to 

human health and the environment are reduced. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 

enhancing partnerships with businesses and other sectors. 

Resource Summary 

($ in 000)

FY 2009

 Enacted

Budget

FY 2010 

President’s

Budget

Difference

FY 2009 EN to 

FY 2010 PresBud

1 - Healthier Outdoor Air $689,405 $703,302 $13,897

2 - Healthier Indoor Air $44,530 $45,607 $1,077

3 - Protect the Ozone Layer $18,225 $18,730 $505

4 - Radiation $41,463 $43,583 $2,120

5 - Reduce Greenhouse Gas 

Emissions $143,511 $155,751 $12,240

6 - Enhance Science and Research $100,018 $102,800 $2,782

 Goal 1 Total * $1,037,152 $1,069,773 $32,621

Workyears 2,675 2,673 -2

10.2% of Budget

* Numbers may not add due to rounding

EPA implements the Clean Air and Global Climate Change goal through national, state, 

Tribal, local and Regional programs designed to provide healthier outdoor and indoor air 

for all Americans, reduce greenhouse gases, protect the stratospheric ozone layer, 

minimize the risks from radiation releases, and enhance science and research. These

programs are all founded on several common principles: using health and 

environmental risks to set priorities, streamlining programs through regulatory reforms; 

encouraging market-based approaches; facilitating deployment of cost-effective 

technologies; promoting energy efficiency and clean energy supply; using sound 

science, and maintaining partnerships with states, tribes, local governments, nongovernmental organizations, and industry. 

EPA’s key clean air programs – including those addressing six common “criteria” 

pollutants: particulate matter, ozone, lead, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon 

monoxide; acid rain; air toxics; indoor air; radiation and stratospheric ozone depletion – 

focus on some of the highest health and environmental risks faced by the Agency. 

15
Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

These programs have achieved results. Every year, state and Federal air pollution 

programs, established under the Clean Air Act, prevent tens of thousands of premature 

mortalities, millions of incidences of chronic and acute illness, tens of thousands of 

hospitalizations and emergency room visits, and millions of lost work days.

Clean Air

Cleaner cars, industries and consumer products have contributed to cleaner air for 

much of the U.S. Since 1990, nationwide air quality for the six criteria air pollutants, for 

which there are national ambient air quality standards, has improved significantly. 

Despite this progress, millions of Americans still live in areas that exceed one or more of 

the national standards. Ground-level ozone and particle pollution still present 

challenges in many areas of the country. In 2008, EPA promulgated more protective 

standards for ozone and lead. In FY 2010, the Agency will continue to work with state 

agencies to ensure active progress toward meeting these new standards. In FY 2010, 

EPA will promulgate nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide primary standards and propose 

secondary standards for those criteria pollutants, and the Agency will consider further 

strengthening the standards for particle pollution.

EPA’s NOx SIP Call, Clean Air Interstate Rule, and Acid Rain Program have contributed 

to significant improvements in air quality and environmental health. The required 

reductions in sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen have reduced ozone and particle 

pollution, improved visibility in our treasured national parks, and led to significant 

decreases in atmospheric deposition. The decreases in deposition have contributed to 

improved water quality in lakes and streams. Specifically, between the 1989-1991 and 

2005-2007 time periods, wet sulfate deposition decreased by more than 30 percent and 

wet inorganic nitrogen decreased by approximately 15 percent in the eastern U.S. 

Scientists have observed measurable improvements and signs of recovery in a number 

of water bodies. Lake and stream water acidity is decreasing in three of the four acidsensitive regions being monitored. A critical load analysis shows that emission 

reductions achieved by the Acid Rain Program have resulted in improved environmental 

conditions and increased ecosystem protection in the Adirondack Mountain region.

From 1990 to 2005, emissions of air toxics declined by 42 percent – the result of a 

number of regulations on industrial and transportation sources. EPA has issued 96 

industrial air toxics standards, affecting 174 categories of industry. When fully 

implemented, these standards will reduce 1.7 million tons of air toxics every year. In FY 

2010, EPA will continue to review and revise, as necessary, stationary air toxic 

standards to address any legal deficiencies within these rules, as well as address risk 

and technology developments. EPA will complete initial air toxics monitoring and 

analysis work at 50-100 schools nationwide. In FY 2010, EPA will analyze the initial 

results from this assessment and determine how best to proceed, which could involve 

additional monitoring.

EPA also will continue efforts, begun in 2009, to set air toxic standards for utilities, in 

light of the 2008 vacature of the Clean Air Mercury Rule. EPA also will continue to fulfill 

16
Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

its obligation to set toxic standards for area sources. To date, EPA has promulgated 

rules for 51 of the 70 listed area source categories. EPA estimates that in 2030 the 

Mobile Source Air Toxics Rule would reduce total emissions of mobile source air toxics 

from vehicles and fuels by 330 thousand tons and VOC emissions (precursors to ozone 

and PM2.5) by over 1 million tons. In FY 2010, EPA will continue its ongoing program 

to review and revise, as necessary, new source performance standards (NSPS) for 

criteria pollutant emissions from stationary sources.

In FY 2010, EPA will promulgate more stringent nitrogen oxide and particulate matter 

emission standards for ocean-going vessels. The designation of U.S. coastal areas as 

Emission Control Areas (ECA) pursuant to MARPOL Annex VI fuel sulfur provisions 

also will be critical to achieving particulate matter reductions from ocean-going vessels. 

In FY 2010, EPA will establish standards for U.S. emissions control areas while working 

with the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

In FY 2010, EPA also will continue to implement comprehensive certification and 

compliance programs for existing vehicle, engine, and fuel regulations including the Tier 

II light-duty (LD) vehicle program, the Mobile Sources Air Toxics (MSAT) programs, the 

2007-2010 Clean Heavy-Duty (HD) Diesel standards, and the Clean Non-Road Diesel 

Tier 4 standards (and earlier nonroad standards) in order to ensure the public health 

and environmental benefits of these clean air programs.

Climate Protection 

For more than a decade, businesses and other organizations have partnered with EPA, 

through voluntary climate protection programs, to pursue common sense approaches to 

reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Voluntary programs, such as Energy Star and 

SmartWay Transport, have increased the use of energy-efficient products and practices, 

spurred investment in clean energy development, and reduced emissions of carbon 

dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases with very high global warming 

potentials. The Agency’s Clean Automotive Technology program develops cost-effective 

advanced clean and low greenhouse gas emitting engines and hybrid technologies. 

Through this program, EPA transfers innovations and know-how to automotive and 

truck companies wanting to commercialize significant elements of these practical lowGHG innovations. These partnership programs break down market barriers and 

promote the deployment of cost-effective technologies and processes designed to yield 

greenhouse gas reductions over the life of the investment. 

In FY 2010, EPA will complete development of the Greenhouse Gas mandatory 

reporting rule and start the implementation activities necessary for the rule. The 

purpose of the rule is to collect accurate and comprehensive emissions data to inform 

future policy decisions. In addition, funding also is included to allow for work on the 

necessary steps to address greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act and toward 

implementing a comprehensive climate bill. 

17
Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

Energy

EPA, under the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, is responsible 

for implementing regulations to ensure that gasoline sold in the United States contains a 

minimum volume of renewable fuel. In FY 2010, EPA will continue work on establishing 

new Renewable Fuel Standards (RFS2) and will implement several other actions 

required by the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005 and EISA. The RFS2 program aims 

to increase the volume of renewable fuel required to be blended into gasoline from 9 

billion gallons in 2008 to 36 billion gallons by 2022. In FY 2010, EPA will invest 

increased resources to upgrade its vehicle and fuel testing capability at the National 

Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) to certify and assess the emissions 

and fuel economy performance of vehicles and engines using increased volumes of 

renewable fuel. EPA also will invest resources in other EISA implementation activities, 

including information technology to establish and manage a renewable fuels credit 

trading system. EPA estimates that the RFS program could cut petroleum use by up to 

3.9 billion gallons and greenhouse gas emissions by up to 13.1 million metric tons 

annually by 2012—the equivalent of eliminating the greenhouse gas emissions of 2.3 

million cars. 

Reduce Risks to Indoor Air and Radon Programs 

The Indoor Air Program characterizes the risks of indoor air pollutants to human health, 

develops techniques for reducing those risks, and educates the public about those 

techniques and other actions they can take to reduce their risks from indoor air. 

Through voluntary partnerships with non-governmental and professional organizations, 

EPA educates and encourages individuals, schools, industry, the health-care 

community, and others to take action to reduce health risks in indoor environments 

using a variety of approaches, including national public awareness and media 

campaigns, as well as community-based outreach and education. EPA also uses 

technology-transfer to improve the design, operation, and maintenance of buildings – 

including schools, homes, and workplaces – to promote healthier indoor air. EPA also 

carries out a national radon program that encourages and facilitates voluntary national, 

regional, state, and Tribal programs and activities that support initiatives targeted to 

radon testing and mitigation, as well as to radon resistant new construction. Radon is 

second only to smoking as a cause of lung cancer. 

Stratospheric Ozone – Domestic and Montreal Protocol 

In FY 2010, EPA’s Stratospheric Ozone Protection Program will continue to implement 

the provisions of the Clean Air Act and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that 

Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol), and contribute to the reduction and 

control of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in the U.S. EPA will continue to lower 

health risks to the American public associated with exposure to UV radiation, including 

preventing an estimated 6.3 million cases of fatal skin cancer in the U.S. In addition, 

through the Multilateral Fund of the Montreal Protocol, EPA will invest in cost-effective 

projects that are designed to build capacity and eliminate ODS production and 

18
Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

consumption in over 60 developing countries. The Multilateral Fund continues to 

support over six thousand activities in 148 countries, and when fully implemented, will 

prevent annual emissions of more than 431 thousand metric tons of ODS. Additional 

projects will be considered and approved in accordance with Multilateral Fund 

guidelines.

Radiation

In FY 2010, EPA will continue upgrading the national radiation monitoring system to 

expand the population and geographic areas covered, and to increase the speed at 

which the system samples the air, analyzes the measurements, and transmits the 

results. Deployable monitors will be maintained in ready condition so that during 

emergencies or unusual events they can be quickly transported to monitor radiation 

levels at locations near and downwind from the initial point of release. The Agency will 

continue to upgrade laboratory response capacity and capability for radiological 

incidents. EPA also will continue to improve the readiness of the Radiological 

Emergency Response Team (RERT) to support Federal response and recovery 

operations. 

Research

EPA, in accordance with the Administration’s policy of scientific integrity, conducts 

research to provide a scientific foundation for the Agency’s actions to protect the air all 

Americans breathe. The Agency’s air research program supports implementation of the 

Clean Air Act, especially the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), which 

sets limits on how much tropospheric ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur 

dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and lead, are allowed in the atmosphere. EPA also conducts 

research on hazardous air pollutants, also known as air toxics. 

In FY 2010, the Agency’s air research program will continue research to understand the 

sources and composition of air pollution; develop methods for controlling sources’ 

emissions; study atmospheric chemistry and model U.S. air quality; investigate 

Americans’ exposure to air pollution; and conduct epidemiological, clinical, and 

toxicological studies of air pollution’s health effects. In FY 2010, the program will 

continue to focus on the effects of air pollution near roads on human health, as well as 

the development and evaluation of effective mitigation strategies. The Agency also will 

fund research grants to universities and nonprofits to study topics such as the 

relationship between long-term exposure to fine particles and air pollution mixtures in 

the atmosphere and the frequency and progression of pulmonary and cardiovascular 

diseases. In FY 2010, EPA requests $83.2 million for the Clean Air Research program 

to continue studying Americans’ exposure to air pollution, and the links between 

sources of pollution and health outcomes. 

Climate Change Research is discussed in the Goal 4 overview section.

19
20
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water

Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water 

Strategic Goal: Ensure drinking water is safe. Restore and maintain oceans, 

watersheds, and their aquatic ecosystems to protect human health, support economic 

and recreational activities, and provide healthy habitat for fish, plants, and wildlife.

Resource Summary 

($ in 000)

FY 2009

Enacted

Budget

FY 2010 

President’s

Budget

Difference

FY 2009 EN to 

FY 2010 PresBud

1 - Protect Human Health $1,192,480 $1,827,503 $635,023

2 - Protect Water Quality $1,546,946 $3,168,934 $1,621,988

3 - Enhance Science and Research $140,190 $140,865 $675

 Goal 2 Total * $2,879,616 $5,137,302 $2,257,686

Workyears 2,879 2,893 14

48.9% of Budget

* Numbers may not add due to rounding. 

.

EPA achieves its Clean and Safe Water goal through programs designed to secure our 

national drinking water and to protect and improve surface waters, such as our rivers, 

lakes, and coastal waters. In FY 2010, EPA will collaborate with states and tribes to 

achieve clean and safe water objectives. The Agency also will support additional water 

initiatives, including carbon sequestration, water security, and sustainable infrastructure.

In FY 2010, EPA has increased its commitment toward upgrading drinking water and 

wastewater infrastructure with a substantial combined investment of $3.9 billion for the 

Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs. This investment will 

both facilitate continued progress toward drinking water and clean water goals, and 

result in increased job opportunities at the local level. In conjunction with this 

investment, EPA will develop a sustainability policy including management and pricing 

to encourage conservation and adequate long-term funding for future capital needs. 

The National Water Program will continue to place emphasis on sustainable 

infrastructure, watershed stewardship, full cost pricing, watershed based approaches, 

water efficiencies, and best practices through Environmental Management Systems. 

EPA will specifically focus on innovative financing and leveraging for infrastructure 

sustainability, green infrastructure, banking for wetlands conservation, and trading 

21
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water

among point sources and non-point sources for water quality upgrades. In FY 2010, the 

Agency will continue advancing the water quality monitoring initiative and a water quality 

standards strategy under the Clean Water Act, as well as, important rules and activities 

under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Related efforts to improve monitoring and 

surveillance will help advance water security nationwide. 

Drinking Water 

During FY 2010, EPA, the states and community water systems will build on past 

successes while working toward the FY 2010 goal of assuring that 90 percent of the 

population served by community water systems receives drinking water that meets all 

applicable health-based standards. To promote compliance with drinking water 

standards, states carry out a variety of activities, such as conducting onsite sanitary 

surveys of water systems and working with small systems to improve their capabilities. 

EPA will work to improve compliance rates by providing guidance, training, and 

technical assistance; ensuring proper certification of water system operators; promoting 

consumer awareness of drinking water safety; maintaining the rate of system sanitary 

surveys and onsite reviews; and taking appropriate action for noncompliance. In FY 

2010, states and EPA will process Underground Injection Control permit applications for 

experimental carbon sequestration and gather information from these pilots to facilitate 

the permitting of large-scale commercial carbon sequestration in the future. To help 

ensure that water is safe to drink, EPA provides $1.5 billion, nearly doubling prior year 

funding, for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund.

Clean Water 

In FY 2010, EPA will continue to collaborate with states and tribes to make progress 

toward EPA’s clean water goals. EPA will implement core clean water programs and 

apply promising innovations on a watershed basis to accelerate water quality 

improvements. Building on 30 years of clean water successes, EPA, in conjunction with 

states and tribes, will implement the Clean Water Act by focusing on: TMDLs and 

NPDES permits built upon scientifically sound water quality standards, effective water 

monitoring, strong programs for controlling nonpoint sources of pollution, stringent 

discharge permit programs, and revolving fund capitalization grants to our partners to 

build, revive, and “green” our aging infrastructure. Green infrastructure research will be 

expanded to assess, develop and compile scientifically rigorous tools and models that 

will be used by OW, States, and municipalities. 

The Agency’s FY 2010 request continues the monitoring initiative begun in 2005 to 

strengthen the nationwide monitoring network and complete the baseline water quality 

assessment of the nation’s waters. These efforts are resulting in scientifically 

defensible water quality data and information essential for cleaning up and protecting 

the nation’s waters. Progress in improving coastal and ocean waters, documented in 

the National Coastal Condition Report, will be maintained by focusing on: assessing 

coastal conditions, reducing vessel discharges, implementing coastal nonpoint source 

pollution programs, managing dredged material, and supporting international marine 

22
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water

pollution control. EPA will continue to provide annual capitalization to the Clean Water 

State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) to enable EPA partners to improve wastewater 

treatment, non-point sources of pollution, and estuary revitalization. Realizing the longterm benefits derived from CWSRF, EPA is roughly tripling its CWSRF commitment to 

$2.4 billion in FY 2010. 

Nutrients

Monitoring data shows that excessive nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) remain one 

of the top causes of water quality impairment in the U.S. This request includes a $5.0 

million increase to accelerate the development and adoption of numeric nutrient 

standards by delegated states/tribes water quality programs, thereby boosting the 

efficiency and effectiveness of both point source techniques (NPDES permitting and 

TMDL development) and non-point source plans using watershed-based strategies. 

Developing numeric water quality criteria and effectively translating them into TMDLs 

and NPDES permits is critical to preventing and remediating hypoxia and other 

problems caused by excessive nutrients. Current narrative nutrient standards are more 

difficult to interpret and implement. While states are charged with developing water 

quality criteria for achieving and maintaining designated beneficial uses of surface 

water, twenty-five states do not have numeric standards. The remaining twenty-five 

states have very limited numeric standards. Recent litigation and the resulting 

determination by EPA to craft numeric nutrient standards for the State of Florida 

underscores the importance of this FY 2010 request. 

Homeland Security 

EPA has a major role in supporting the protection of the nation’s critical water 

infrastructure from terrorist threats. In FY 2010, EPA will continue to support the Water 

Security Initiative (WSI) pilot program and water sector-specific agency responsibilities, 

including the Water Alliance for Threat Reduction (WATR), to protect the nation’s critical 

water infrastructure. The FY 2010 budget request provides $31.5 million for water 

security efforts. This includes a request of $22.4 million for WSI and $1.3 million for 

WATR which will continue efforts to demonstrate the concept of an effective 

contamination warning system that drinking water utilities in high threat cities of all sizes 

and characteristics could adopt. In FY 2010, there will be increased training and 

outreach exercises for Regional Water Emergency Response/Technical Assistance 

Team members, consistent with the National Approach to Response. Also, the Agency, 

in collaboration with our water sector security stakeholders, will continue efforts to 

develop, implement and initiate tracking of national measures related to homeland 

security critical infrastructure protection activities. 

23
24
Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration 

Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration 

Strategic Goal: Preserve and restore the land by using innovative waste 

management practices and cleaning up contaminated properties to reduce risks posed 

by releases of harmful substances. 

Resource Summary 

($ in 000)

FY 2009

Enacted

Budget

FY 2010 

President’s

Budget

Difference

FY 2009 EN to 

FY 2010 PresBud

1 - Preserve Land $241,275 $251,576 $10,301

2 - Restore Land $1,437,803 $1,453,868 $16,064

3 - Enhance Science and Research $53,325 $55,976 $2,651

 Goal 3 Total * $1,732,403 $1,761,419 $29,016

Workyears 4,576 4,565 -11

16.8% of Budget

* Numbers may not add due to rounding. 

Land is one of America’s most valuable resources. Hazardous and non-hazardous 

wastes on the land can migrate to the air, groundwater, and surface water, 

contaminating drinking water supplies, causing acute illnesses or chronic diseases, and 

threatening healthy ecosystems in urban, rural, and suburban areas. To protect the 

land, human health and the environment, EPA implements the Land Preservation and 

Restoration goal with the following approaches—prevention, protection, and response 

activities to address risks posed by releases of harmful substances on land; emergency 

preparedness, response and homeland security to address immediate risks to human 

health and the environment; enforcement and compliance assistance to determine what 

needs to be done and who should pay; and sound science and research to address risk 

factors and new, innovative solutions. EPA’s Land Research program, in accordance 

with the Agency’s policy of scientific integrity1

, provides the scientific foundation for 

actions to protect America’s land.

1 For more information, see http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Memorandum-for-the-Heads-of-ExecutiveDepartments-and-Agencies-3-9-09/.

25
Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration 

Prevention, Protection, and Response Activities 

EPA leads the country’s activities to prevent and reduce the risks posed by releases of 

harmful substances and to preserve and restore land with effective waste management 

and cleanup methods. In FY 2010, the Agency requests $1,705.4 million to continue to 

apply the most effective approach to preserve and restore land by developing and 

implementing prevention programs, improving response capabilities, and maximizing 

the effectiveness of response and cleanup actions. This approach will help ensure that 

human health and the environment are protected and that land is returned to beneficial 

use.

In FY 2010, EPA also will continue to use a hierarchy of approaches to protect the land: 

reducing waste at its source, recycling waste, managing waste effectively by preventing 

spills and releases of toxic materials, and cleaning up contaminated properties. The 

Agency especially is concerned about threats to our most sensitive populations, such as 

children, the elderly, and individuals with chronic diseases, and prioritizes cleanups 

accordingly.2

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act 

(CERCLA), known as Superfund, and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 

(RCRA) provide legal authority for EPA’s work to restore and protect the land. The 

Agency and its partners use Superfund authority to clean up uncontrolled or abandoned 

hazardous waste sites, allowing land to be returned to productive use. Under RCRA, 

EPA works in partnership with states and tribes to address risks associated with leaking 

underground storage tanks and with the generation and management of hazardous and 

non-hazardous waste. 

In addition, EPA uses authorities provided under the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, 

and Oil Pollution Act of 1990 to protect against spills and releases of hazardous 

materials. Controlling the many risks posed by accidental and intentional releases of 

harmful substances presents a significant challenge. In FY 2010, EPA will continue to 

ensure that it is adequately prepared to minimize contamination and harm to the 

environment from spills and releases of hazardous materials by improving its readiness 

to respond to emergencies through training as well as maintaining a highly skilled, welltrained, and equipped response workforce.

The following themes characterize EPA’s land program activities under Goal 3 in FY 

2010: Revitalization; Recycling, Waste Minimization and Energy Recovery; and 

implementation of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct). 

Revitalization: All of EPA’s cleanup programs (Superfund Remedial, Superfund 

Federal Facilities Response, Superfund Emergency Response and Removal, 

RCRA Corrective Action, and Underground Storage Tanks) and their partners 

2 Additional information on these programs can be found at: http://www.epa.gov/superfund/,

http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/er_cleanup.htm, http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/ca/,

http://www.epa.gov/swerust1/, http://www.epa.gov/swerffrr/ and http://www.epa.gov/swerrims/landrevitalization/.

26
Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration 

are taking proactive steps to facilitate the cleanup and revitalization of

contaminated properties. In FY 2010, the Agency requests $943.3 million to help 

communities revitalize these once productive properties by removing blight, 

satisfying the growing demand for land, helping limit urban sprawl, fostering 

ecologic habitat enhancements, enabling economic development, and 

maintaining or improving quality of life. In reflection of the high priority the 

Agency has placed on land revitalization, EPA has adopted a series of acresbased, cross-program revitalization measures (CPRMs) to help document 

progress in cleaning up and promoting the productive and protective use of 

previously contaminated land. Building upon its successful land revitalization and 

reuse efforts, in FY 2008 EPA launched the RE-Powering America’s Land 

initiative3

 and partnered with the Department of Energy to develop an interactive 

Google Earth Mapping application that shows the potential of thousands of 

environmentally impaired properties across the country to host solar, wind, or 

biomass energy facilities. These sites offer appropriate location, existing 

infrastructure, such as transmission lines and roads and rail, and are often zoned 

for this type of development. Finding suitable environmentally impaired lands to 

site renewable energy facilities is one significant way EPA and the states can 

help the Administration meet its goals of 10 percent renewable energy by 2010 

and 25 percent by 2025. 

Recycling, Waste Minimization and Energy Recovery: EPA requests $10.6 

million in FY 2010 to support EPA’s strategy for reducing waste generation and 

increasing recycling. EPA’s strategy will continue to be based on: (1) 

establishing and expanding partnerships with businesses, industries, tribes, 

states, communities, and consumers; (2) stimulating infrastructure development 

and environmentally responsible behavior by product manufacturers, users, and 

disposers; and (3) helping businesses, government, institutions, and consumers 

reduce waste generation and increase recycling through education, outreach, 

training, and technical assistance. In FY 2010, EPA will continue the Resource 

Conservation Challenge (RCC) as a major national effort to find flexible, yet more 

protective ways to conserve our valuable natural resources through waste 

reduction, energy recovery, and recycling. Through RCC, the Agency also will 

pursue the advancement of alternative domestic energy sources as well as clean 

energy, which power our economy and drive our environmental successes.

Implementing the EPAct: The EPAct4

 contains numerous provisions that 

significantly affect Federal and state underground storage tank (UST) programs 

and requires that EPA and states strengthen tank release and prevention 

programs. In FY 2007, working with its tank partners, EPA developed grant 

guidelines5

 which implement the UST provisions of the EPAct. In FY 2010, EPA 

requests $49.4 million to provide assistance to states to help them meet their 

3 Additional information on this initiative can be found on http://www.epa.gov/renewableenergyland/. 4 For more information, refer to http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ058.109.pdf (scroll to Title XV - Ethanol And Motor 

Fuels, Subtitle B – Underground Storage Tank Compliance, on pages 500-513 of the pdf file). 5

 For more information, refer to http://www.epa.gov/OUST/.

27
Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration 

EPAct responsibilities, which include: (1) mandatory inspections every three 

years for all underground storage tanks; (2) operator training; (3) prohibition of 

delivery for non-complying facilities6

; and (4) secondary containment or financial 

responsibility for tank manufacturers and installers.

In addition to these themes, EPA’s Homeland Security and Enforcement work are 

important components of the Agency’s prevention, protection, and response activities. 

Homeland Security

EPA will continue to improve its emergency preparedness and response capability, 

including homeland security capabilities. In FY 2010, the Agency requests $51.5 million 

to improve its capability to respond effectively to incidents that may involve harmful 

chemical, biological, and radiological substances. The Agency will provide training to 

build the cadre of volunteers in the Response Support Corps (RSC) and members of an 

Incident Management Team (IMT), and will continue to participate in multi-agency

training and exercises. 

In FY 2010, EPA will continue to operate and expand the Environmental Response 

Laboratory Network (ERLN). Activities include the improvement of an electronic data 

deliverable (EDD) for use by all ERLN laboratories. The EDD enables laboratories to 

report analytical data electronically rather than manually via hard copy reports, which 

will support and potentially expedite decision-making. EPA also will continue to 

maximize the effectiveness of its involvement in national security events through predeployments of assets such as emergency response personnel and field detection 

equipment. 

EPA also will continue to maintain and improve the Emergency Management Portal 

(EMP). EPA will continue to manage, collect, and validate new information for new and 

existing Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) agents as decontamination techniques 

are developed or as other information emerges from the scientific community. 

Enforcement

EPA’s Superfund enforcement program ensures prompt site cleanup and uses an 

“enforcement first” approach that maximizes the participation of liable and viable parties 

in performing and paying for cleanups in both remedial and removal programs. The 

Superfund enforcement program includes nationally significant or precedential civil, 

judicial and administrative site remediation cases, and provides legal and technical 

enforcement support on Superfund enforcement actions and emerging issues. The 

Superfund enforcement program also develops waste cleanup enforcement policies, 

and provides guidance and tools that clarify potential environmental cleanup liability, 

with specific attention to the reuse and revitalization of contaminated properties, 

including Brownfield properties. 

6

 Refer to Grant Guidelines to States for Implementing the Delivery Prohibition Provision of the Energy Policy Act of 

2005, August 2006, EPA-510-R-06-003, http://www.epa.gov/oust/fedlaws/epact_05.htm#Final.

28
Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration 

Enforcement authorities play a unique role under the Superfund program: they are used 

to leverage private-party resources to conduct a majority of the cleanup actions and to 

reimburse the Federal government for cleanups financed by appropriations. In FY 

2010, the Agency requests $183.6 million to support enforcement activities at Federal 

and non-Federal Superfund sites. EPA’s “enforcement first” approach ensures that 

sites with financially viable potentially responsible parties (PRPs) are cleaned up by 

those parties, allowing EPA to focus appropriated resources on sites where viable PRPs 

either do not exist or lack funds or capabilities needed to conduct the cleanup. In 

tandem with this approach, various reforms have been implemented to increase 

fairness, reduce transaction costs, promote economic development, and make sites 

available for appropriate reuse.7 The Department of Justice supports EPA’s Superfund 

Enforcement program through negotiations and judicial actions to compel PRP cleanup 

and litigation to recover Trust Fund monies spent. In FY 2008, the Superfund 

Enforcement program secured private party commitments that exceeded $1.8 billion. 

Of this amount, PRPs have committed to future response work with an estimated value 

of approximately $1,575 million; PRPs have agreed to reimburse the Agency for more 

than $232 million in past costs; and PRPs have been billed by the EPA for 

approximately $75 million in oversight costs. These results can be directly linked to 

Goal 3. EPA also works to ensure that required legally enforceable institutional controls 

and financial assurance instruments are in place and adhered to at Superfund sites and 

at facilities subject to RCRA Corrective Action to ensure the long-term protectiveness of 

cleanup actions. 

In FY 2010, the Agency will negotiate remedial design/remedial action cleanup 

agreements and removal agreements at contaminated properties. Where negotiations 

fail, the Agency will either take unilateral enforcement actions to require PRP cleanup or 

use appropriated dollars to remediate sites (or both). When appropriated dollars are 

used to clean up sites, the program will recover the associated cleanup costs from the 

PRPs. If future work remains at a site, recovered funds could be placed in a sitespecific special account. Special accounts are sub-accounts within the Trust Fund 

which segregate funds obtained from responsible parties who enter into settlement 

agreements with EPA. These funds act as an incentive for other PRPs to perform 

cleanup work and can be used by the Agency to fund cleanup at that site. The Agency 

also will continue its efforts to establish and use special accounts to facilitate cleanup, 

improve tracking and plan the use of special account funds. Through the end of FY 

2008, more than 860 site-specific special accounts have been established and over 

$2.7 billion have been deposited into special accounts (including earned interest). 

Approximately $1.4 billion from special accounts has been used by EPA for site 

response actions.

EPA has ongoing cleanup and property transfer responsibilities at some of the Nation’s 

most contaminated Federal properties, which range from realigning and closing military 

installations and former military properties containing unexploded ordnance, solvents, 

7

 For more information regarding EPA’s enforcement program and its various components, please refer to 

http://www.epa.gov/compliance/cleanup/superfund/.

29
Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration 

and other industrial chemicals to Department of Energy sites containing nuclear waste. 

EPA’s Superfund Federal Facilities Response and Enforcement program helps Federal 

and local governments, tribes, states, redevelopment authorities and the affected 

communities ensure contamination at Federal or former Federal properties is addressed 

in a manner that protects human health and the environment.8

 In addition, EPA 

ensures that Federal entities are held accountable for the commitments made in 

Federal Facility Agreements. EPA also is evaluating the enforcement approach for 

formerly-utilized Defense sites and mine sites with Federal ownership.

Enhancing Science and Research to Restore and Preserve Land 

EPA’s Land Research program, in accordance with the Administration’s policy of 

scientific integrity9

, provides the scientific foundation for the Agency’s actions to protect 

America’s land. The FY 2010 Land Research program supports the Agency’s objective 

of reducing or controlling potential risks to human health and the environment at 

contaminated waste sites by providing the science to accelerate scientifically defensible 

and cost-effective decisions for cleanup at complex sites in accordance with CERCLA.

In FY 2010, EPA requests $55.9 million in support of EPA’s efforts to enhance science 

and research for land preservation and restoration. Research activities in FY 2010 will 

focus on materials management, land reuse and revitalization issues, emerging 

research topics, contaminated sediments, ground water contamination, multi-media, 

and site-specific technical support. Research will advance EPA’s ability to accurately 

characterize the risks posed by contaminated sediments and to determine the range 

and scientific foundation for remedy selection options. In addition, research aimed at 

developing data to support dosimetric and toxicologic assessment of amphibole 

asbestos fiber-containing material from Libby, Montana, will continue. Groundwater 

research will focus on the transport of contaminants in that medium and the subsequent 

intrusion of contaminant vapors into buildings, as well as the development of 

applications for permeable reactive barriers. 

Oil spill remediation research will continue on physical, chemical, and biological risk 

management methods for petroleum and non-petroleum oil spills in freshwater and 

marine environments as well as development of a protocol for testing solidifiers and 

treating oil. Underground storage tank research will address the development of online 

transport models that can be used by state project managers. Research areas such as 

resource conservation, corrective action, multi-media modeling, leaching, containment 

systems, and landfill bioreactors will constitute the major areas of research and support 

for RCRA activities in FY 2010. EPA also will continue to develop a site-specific 

management approach of brownfields sites, develop validated acceptable practices for 

land revitalization, collaborate with the private sector to conduct field sampling, and 

work with the states to optimize operations and monitoring of several landfill bioreactors 

8

 For more information on the Superfund Federal Facilities Response and Enforcement program, please refer to 

http://www.epa.gov/fedfac/. 9 For more information, see http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Memorandum-for-the-Heads-of-ExecutiveDepartments-and-Agencies-3-9-09/.

30
Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration 

and to determine their potential to provide alternative energy in the form of landfill gas 

while increasing the nation’s landfill capacity. 

In FY 2010, research will continue in the area of nanotechnology fate and transport as 

part of the Land Research program efforts to address emerging issues and strategic 

EPA issues. The goal of this research is to lead the Federal government in addressing 

key science questions on the persistence and movement of nanomaterials in the 

environment.

31
32
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems 

Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems 

Strategic Goal: Protect, sustain, or restore the health of people, communities, and 

ecosystems using integrated and comprehensive approaches and partnerships. 

Resource Summary 

($ in 000)

1 - Chemical, Organ

FY 2009

E

Budget

Pre

Budget FY 2010 PresBud

ism, and

s $2

nacted

FY 2010 

sident’s

Difference

FY 2009 EN to 

 Pesticide Risk $394,141 $420,545 6,404

2 - Communities

16.6% of Budget

$

nce and Research 

Goal 4 Total * $1,254,336 $1,738,430 $484,094

$246,551 $245,987 -$564

3 - Ecosystems $225,395 $659,037 433,642

4 - Enhance Scie $388,249 $412,861 $24,612

Workyears 3,719 3,847 128

* Numbers may not add due to rounding.

ential environmental risks are based on the best available 

cientific information. 

er communities facing disproportionate environmental or public 

ealth challenges.

In FY 2010, the Environmental Protection Agency will protect, sustain or restore the 

health of communities and ecosystems by bringing together a variety of programs, tools, 

approaches and resources, including partnerships with stakeholders and Federal, state, 

Tribal, and local government agencies. EPA manages environmental risks to 

watersheds, communities, homes, and workplaces to protect human health and the 

environmental integrity of ecosystems. The Agency has a responsibility to ensure that 

efforts to reduce these pot

s

The Agency employs a mix of regulatory programs and partnership approaches to 

achieve results in ways that are efficient, innovative, and sustainable. Ideally, EPA can 

implement a strategy of preventing pollution at the source; however, where programs to 

prevent pollution or ecosystem damage are not viable, EPA promotes waste 

minimization, avoidance of impact on habitat, safe disposal, and remediation. 

Continuing Environmental Justice (EJ) efforts address the environmental and public 

health concerns of minority, low income, Tribal, and other disproportionately burdened 

communities and focus on improving environmental and public health protection in 

these communities. The Agency’s efforts ensure that EPA actions do not unfairly 

burden these or oth

h

33
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems 

In managing risk and in ensuring that environmental rules protect all Americans, EPA 

directs its efforts toward identifying and mitigating exposures and other factors in our 

communities, homes, and workplaces that might negatively impact human health and 

environmental quality. To do so, EPA conducts research to understand both how 

specific groups of people may differ in their inherent biological susceptibility to adverse 

impacts of pollutants and whether certain groups may be disproportionately exposed 

based on where they live and how they behave. For example, in comparison with 

adults, children may be disproportionately exposed to certain contaminants because of 

their unique behavior patterns such as crawling on the floor and putting things into their 

ouths and because of their unique diets.

athered foods and 

ay be disproportionately exposed to contaminants in those foods. 

Pesticides Programs 

hospitals, and drinking 

water treatment facilities; and control animal vectors of disease.

ren to reduce 

eir pesticide exposure where the science identifies potential concerns. 

m

Children and older Americans may be inherently more sensitive to certain exposures. 

For children, sensitivity can be based on developmental stage, which can determine 

how they metabolize (absorb and detoxify) chemicals. People living in communities 

near certain industrial sources of pollution and/or roadways with high traffic volume may 

be disproportionately impacted. And Native Americans, or other Americans who rely on 

traditional sources of food, may consume more fish or other locally g

m

A key component of protecting the health of people, communities, and ecosystems is 

identifying, assessing, and reducing the risks presented by the thousands of chemicals 

on which our society and economy have come to depend. Toward that end, EPA is 

investing $137.5 million in Pesticides Licensing programs in FY 2010. Chemical and 

biological pesticides help meet national and global demands for food; provide effective 

pest control for homes, schools, gardens, highways, utility lines, 

During FY 2010, EPA will continue to review and register new pesticides, new uses for 

existing pesticides, and other registration requests in accordance with Food Quality 

Protection Act (FQPA) standards and Pesticide Registration Improvement Renewal Act 

(PRIA 2) timeframes. EPA will continue to process these registration requests, with 

special consideration given to susceptible populations, especially children. Specifically, 

EPA will focus special attention on the foods commonly eaten by child

th

Reduced concentrations of pesticides in water sources indicate the efficacy of EPA’s 

risk assessment, management, mitigation, and communication activities. Using 

sampling data, collected under the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water 

Quality Assessment program for urban watersheds, EPA will monitor the impact of our 

regulatory decisions for four pesticides of concern—diazinon, chlorpyrifos, malathion, 

34
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems 

and cabaryl—and consider whether any additional action is necessary.1 In FY 2010, the 

Agency will continue to work with USGS to develop sampling plans and refine goals, 

and the Agency will ask USGS to add additional insecticides to sampling protocols and 

establish baselines for newer products that are replacing organophosphates, such as 

ynthetic pyrethroids. 

iative, the Agency 

ill find ways to accelerate the adoption of these lower-risk products. 

 Wildlife Service or National Marine 

isheries Service as threatened or endangered.

pecific bioterrorism agents or classes of bacteria/viruses will continue 

to FY 2010.

s

EPA’s statutory and regulatory functions include registration, Reregistration Eligibility 

Decisions implementation, registration review, risk reduction implementation, 

rulemaking and program management. Many of these actions involve reduced-risk 

pesticides which, once registered, will result in increased societal benefits. Working 

together with the affected user communities through programs such as the Pesticide 

Environmental Stewardship program and the Strategic Agricultural Init

w

Along with assessing the risks that pesticides pose to human health, EPA conducts 

ecological risk assessments, under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), to determine 

potential effects on plants, animals, and ecosystems. To ensure unreasonable risks are 

avoided, EPA may impose risk mitigation measures such as modifying use rates or 

application methods, restricting uses, or denying uses. EPA must ensure that pesticide 

regulatory decisions will not adversely modify critical habitat or jeopardize the continued 

existence of species listed by the U.S. Fish and

F

In the biodefense arena, EPA will continue work to develop and validate methods to 

evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial products against bioterrorism agents, expanding 

this work to address unique formulations, additional surface types, and additional 

bioterrorism agents and emerging pathogens. The Agency will address critical gaps in 

efficacy test methodology and knowledge of microbial resistance. In addition to 

vegetative bacteria, in FY 2010, EPA will address threatening viruses and other 

emerging pathogens in environmental media. EPA will continue to invest in the 

development and evaluation of efficacy test protocols for products designed to control 

viruses in the environment during decontamination. The development of “decon 

toolboxes” for s

in

In order to improve the Agency’s ability to respond to events involving biothreat agents, 

EPA will increase the number of standardized and validated methods for evaluating the 

efficacy of decontamination agents. EPA will continue to seek independent third-party 

analysis for method validation efforts through recognized standard setting organizations. 

As new methods are developed, statistical modeling for various biodefense scenarios 

will be critical to the development of science-based performance standards. Microbial 

persistence, resistance to antimicrobial agents, and an understanding of biofilm 

environments are also key factors in evaluating the efficacy of decontamination tools. 

1

 Gilliom, R.J., et al. 2006. The Quality of Our Nation’s Waters: Pesticides in the Nation’s Streams and 

01. Reston, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1291. 171p. Available on 

the internet at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2005/1291/

Ground Water, 1992–20

.

35
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems 

This work is taking place in the Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response and 

to the marketplace. This new chemical review process not only protects the public 

tentional chemical releases need to know 

ow dangerous a chemical contaminant may be to breathe or touch, and how long it 

 6 use prohibitions and Significant New Use Rules. The program also will 

xpand on EPA’s work on HPV chemicals to assess approximately 3,900 moderate 

of the enhanced chemical risk 

anagement strategy. The Agency also will continue to manage its programs to 

address specific chemicals and toxics of concern, including lead; mineral fibers;

Recovery program. The FY 2010 request level for this area is $5.7 million.

Toxics Programs 

EPA programs under this goal have many direct and many indirect benefits. For 

example, each year the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) New Chemicals program 

reviews and manages the potential risks from approximately 1,500 new chemicals and 

40 products of biotechnology, and new chemical nanoscale materials prior to their entry 

in

from the possible immediate threats of harmful chemicals, but it also has contributed to 

changing the behavior of the chemical industry, making industry more aware and 

responsible for the impact these chemicals have on human health and the environment.

The Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) program was designed by EPA to 

provide scientifically credible data to directly support chemical emergency planning, 

response, and prevention programs mandated by Congress. Emergency workers and 

first responders addressing accidental or in

h

may remain dangerous. The program develops short-term exposure limits applicable to 

the general population for a wide range of extremely hazardous substances and has 

assigned values to 246 chemicals to date.

In addressing chemicals that have entered the market before the inception of the New 

Chemical Review program, EPA is revising and strengthening its chemicals 

management and risk assessment programs investing $8 million in FY 2010 to 

accelerate assessing the safety of thousands of un-reviewed existing chemicals and 

deploying the full arsenal of TSCA regulatory authorities to quickly and effectively 

eliminate or significantly reduce identified risks. The enhanced toxics program draws on 

chemical hazard data developed through the High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals 

program for approximately 2,100 HPV chemicals in conjunction with new exposure data 

obtained through the expanded TSCA Inventory Update Rule to produce Risk-Based 

Prioritizations (RBPs) that will guide subsequent risk management actions such as 

TSCA Section

e

production volume chemicals (those chemicals produced or imported in excess of 25 

thousand pounds per year), for which Hazard-Based Prioritizations (HBPs) will be 

developed. 

In FY 2010 EPA expects to bring the pilot phase of the Voluntary Children's Chemical 

Evaluation program (VCCEP) to a conclusion by ensuring that data needs decisions for 

the 20 pilot chemicals are completed. Most were completed by the end of FY 2008. 

Future VCCEP chemicals will be identified through the RBPs and HBPs, and the 

VCCEP framework will become an integral component 

m

36
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems 

mercury; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); and 

persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) chemicals.

The lead program is focusing efforts on reducing lead hazards, and in FY 2010, will 

implement a final regulation and a comprehensive program to address lead hazards 

created by renovation, repair and painting activities in homes with lead-based paint. In 

FY 2010 the EPA is requesting an increase of $1 million for lead grants to accelerate 

the program’s certification and training of contractors to provide additional support for 

the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s work under the Lead Hazard 

Reduction Program provided in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. 

The program also will continue to improve methods to reach vulnerable populations and 

ommunities with a high concentration of children with elevated blood-lead levels and 

upported activities such as state-implemented lead-based paint 

aining and certification programs. 

lso vulnerable. As the 

opulations in coastal regions grow, the challenges to preserve and protect these 

with its federal partners in the Great Lakes 

teragency Task Force to implement the Initiative. The Initiative will use outcomeo direct Great Lakes protection and 

llowing areas: 

 Nearshore Health and Nonpoint Source 

ater

frastructure programs that are addressed under the Clean Water or Drinking Water 

c

emphasize grant-s

tr

Water Programs 

EPA’s ecosystem protection programs encompass a wide range of approaches that 

address specific at-risk regional areas and larger categories of threatened systems, 

such as estuaries and wetlands. Locally generated pollution, combined with pollution 

carried by rivers and streams and through air deposition, can accumulate in these 

ecosystems and degrade them over time. Large water bodies, such as the Gulf of 

Mexico, the Great Lakes, and the Chesapeake Bay, have been exposed to substantial 

pollution over many years. Coastal estuaries and wetlands are a

p

important ecosystems increase. Working with stakeholders, EPA has established 

special programs to protect and restore these unique resources.

In FY 2010, EPA will lead the implementation of a new Great Lakes Restoration 

Initiative. The Initiative identifies $475 million for programs and projects strategically 

chosen to target the most significant environmental problems in the Great Lakes 

ecosystem. EPA will collaborate closely 

In

oriented performance goals and measures t

restoration funding to the fo

Toxic Substances and Areas of Concern 

Invasive Species 



Habitat and Wildlife Protection and Restoration 

Accountability, Monitoring, Evaluation, Communication, and Partnerships 

Funds will be used to strategically implement both federal projects and 

prioritized/competitive grants. These funds will not be directed toward w

in

37
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems 

State Revolving Fund program. Funding will be distributed directly by EPA or through 

the transfer of funds to other federal agencies for subsequent use and distribution. 

In FY 2010, EPA will continue cooperation with Federal, state and Tribal governments 

and other stakeholders toward achieving the national goal of an overall increase in the 

acreage and condition of wetlands. FY 2010 funding supports and monitors all 28 

National Estuary programs (NEPs) in implementing approved Comprehensive 

onservation and Management Plans (CCMPs), which identify more than 2,000 priority 

f 

f Mex o, such as coastal restoration, water quality for healthy beaches and shellfish 

 Keys 

ational Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), conduct studies to determine cause and effect 

kers such as stony coral cover, health and 

nctionality of seagrass beds, water quality in the FKNMS, phosphorus levels 

 limits for all discharges, 

n FY 2010, the Agency is investing $2.4 million in 

e program to award approximately 14 new grants, provide technical resources and 

aining to approximately 89 communities, and work with other federal agencies to 

oordinate support for communities.

C

actions needed to protect and restore the estuaries. The FY 2010 budget for NEPs and 

coastal watersheds is $26.6 million. 

The $35.1 million Chesapeake Bay program FY 2010 budget request will enable EPA to 

continue work with program partners to accelerate implementation of pollution reduction 

and aquatic habitat restoration efforts and ensure that water quality objectives are 

achieved as soon as possible. EPA is committed to its ambitious long-term goals of 100 

percent attainment of dissolved oxygen standards in waters of the Chesapeake Bay and 

185 thousand acres of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). The FY 2010 request will 

bring the Agency closer to addressing key priority coastal and ocean issues in the Gul

o ic

beds through improved detection and forecasting of harmful algal blooms and microbial 

source tracking methodologies, and reduction of nutrient inputs to coastal ecosystems. 

In conducting special initiatives and planning activities, in FY 2010, EPA is investing 

$2.2 million in the South Florida program to assist with coordinating and facilitating the 

ongoing implementation of the Water Quality Protection program for the Florida

N

relationships among pollutants and biological resources, implement wastewater and 

storm water master plans, and provide public education and outreach activities.

The strategic targets for the South Florida program, in the 2009-2014 Strategic Plan, 

address important environmental mar

fu

throughout the Everglades Protection Area and effluent

including storm water treatment areas. 

Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE) 

CARE is a competitive grant program that offers an innovative way for communities to 

take action to reduce toxic pollution. Through CARE, communities create local 

collaborative partnerships that implement local solutions to minimize exposure to toxic 

pollutants and reduce their release. I

th

tr

c

38
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems 

Brownfields

EPA works collaboratively with state, Tribal, and local partners to promote the 

assessment, cleanup, and sustainable reuse of brownfields and other contaminated 

properties. EPA’s enforcement program plays an essential role in supporting the 

gency’s land reuse priorities by clarifying potential environmental cleanup liability and 

 Addressing these challenges requires combining innovative and 

ommunity-based approaches with national guidelines and interagency coordination to 

g developing countries to manage their 

atural resources and protect the health of their citizens, EPA also helps to protect 

ooperation mechanisms to advance the objectives of each trade 

greement, and provide technical expertise to implement these cooperation 

tically and internationally, is 

A

providing greater certainty for parties seeking to reuse contaminated properties. 

Improving a community’s ability to make decisions that affect its environment is at the 

heart of EPA’s community-centered work. EPA shares information and builds 

community capacity to consider the many aspects of planned development or 

redevelopment. EPA encourages community development by providing funds to assist 

communities with inventory, assessment, and clean up of the contaminated properties 

that lie abandoned or unused. In addition, the Smart Growth program works with 

stakeholders to create an improved economic and institutional climate for brownfields 

redevelopment.

c

achieve results. 

International Activities 

EPA leads efforts to address global environmental issues. To sustain and enhance 

domestic and international environmental progress, EPA enlists the cooperation of other 

nations and international organizations to help predict, understand, and solve 

environmental problems of mutual concern. EPA assists in the coordination of its 

international and domestic environmental policies in order that U.S. international 

obligations are informed by domestic policy and expertise, that domestic programs fulfill 

international obligations, and that actions by other countries needed to reach domestic 

goals are catalyzed and promoted. By assistin

n

human health and the environment in the U.S.

The Agency also works to include environmental protection provisions and 

commitments, by all parties, to effectively enforce environmental laws and regulations in 

all international trade agreements negotiated by the United States. As an example, EPA 

contributes to the associated environmental reviews of all trade agreements by 

providing information regarding potential domestic and transboundary environmental 

effects resulting from trade liberalization. In addition, the Agency helps negotiate 

environmental c

a

mechanisms. 

Addressing local pollution and infrastructure deficiencies along the U.S.-Mexico border 

are also priorities for Mexico and the United States under the Border 2012 Agreement. 

The key to sustaining and enhancing progress, both domes

39
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems 

the collaborative efforts of national, Tribal, state, and local governments, international 

rganizations, the private sector, and concerned citizens. 

 focusing 

n efforts to improve environmental and public health protection for these communities. 

activities to improve environmental and public health protection 

r minority, low income, Tribal, and other disproportionately burdened communities. 

ill continue to focus on eight national priorities 

t water is safe to drink, 

 Revitalizing brownfields and contaminated sites, and 

ance to other Federal agencies to support their efforts to 

tegrate environmental justice and to leverage opportunities to foster economic, 

tal, public health and safety and other benefits to communities 

disproportionately burdened. 

 of the most important sources of risk to human health and the 

environment, as well as the best means to detect, abate, and avoid possible 

o

Environmental Justice 

EPA is committed to addressing the environmental and public health concerns of 

communities disproportionately burdened by environmental harms and risks by

o

These efforts will ensure that EPA actions do not adversely affect these or other 

communities facing disproportionate environmental or public health burdens.

Toward that end, the Agency continues to integrate Environmental Justice (EJ) in its 

programs, policies, and 

fo

Environmental justice activities w

including the following: 

Reducing asthma attacks, 

Reducing exposure to air toxics, 

Reducing incidence of elevated blood lead levels, 

Ensuring that fish and shellfish are safe to eat, 

Ensuring tha



Using collaborative problem-solving to address environmental and public health 

concerns.

In addition, the Agency will focus efforts to make a tangible difference in enabling 

access of communities to green jobs. The Agency supports proactive and meaningful 

approaches to encouraging informed public participation particularly among traditionally 

underrepresented groups in EPA’s decision-making process. EPA provides financial 

and technical assistance to build the long-term capacity for communities to protect and 

improve the conditions in their own environments. Finally, the Agency will continue to 

provide leadership and assist

in

environmen

Research

EPA has a responsibility to ensure that efforts to reduce potential environmental risks 

are based on the best available scientific information. Strong science allows for 

identification

environmental problems, and thereby guides our priorities, policies, and deployment of 

resources.

40
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems 

To accelerate the pace of environmental protection for healthy people, communities, 

and ecosystems, EPA will engage in high-priority, cutting-edge, multidisciplinary 

research efforts in areas related to human health, ecosystems, mercury, global change, 

pesticides and toxics, endocrine disruptors, computational toxicology, nanotechnology, 

human health risk assessment, and homeland security. EPA also conducts research 

through its Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grants program, which is competitive 

nd peer-reviewed and is integrated with EPA’s overall research efforts. The Agency 

predictive 

thods to identify viable bio-indicators of exposure, susceptibility, and effect that could 

 Health Risk Assessment program, 

hich includes an increase of $5.0 million and 10 work years to allow the Integrated 

o

upport Ecosystems research. The Ecosystem Services research program has 

 the program will focus on the following: 

a

proposes $10.9 million for the Fellowships research program in FY 2010 which will allow 

EPA to award approximately 131 new fellowships.

In FY 2010, the Human Health Research program is working to maintain its success 

with characterizing and reducing uncertainties in exposure and risk assessment as well 

as developing improved tools for predicting the safety of chemicals and products. The 

program is orienting this work toward understanding linkages along the sourceexposure-effects-disease continuum and demonstrating reductions in human risk. This 

strategic shift is designed to include research that addresses limitations, gaps, and 

health-related challenges articulated in the health chapter of the EPA Report on the 

Environment (2007). Research includes development of sensitive and

me

be applied to evaluate public health impacts at various geospatial and temporal scales. 

The Agency is requesting $82 million in FY 2010 for Human Health research. 

In FY 2010, the Agency’s Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) program will 

continue to implement a process to identify, compile, characterize, and prioritize new 

scientific studies into Integrated Science Assessments (ISAs) of criteria air pollutants to 

assist EPA’s air and radiation programs in determining the National Ambient Air Quality 

Standards (NAAQS). The program will deliver final ISAs for particulate matter and 

carbon monoxide and release external review draft ISAs for ozone and lead. In 

addition, the HHRA research program will complete multiple human health assessments 

of high priority chemicals for interagency review or external peer review and post 

several completed human health assessments in the integrated risk information system. 

In FY 2010, EPA requests $45 million for the Human

w

Risk Information System (IRIS) program to increase the annual output of new IRIS 

assessments and updates of existing assessments. 

In order to assess the benefits of ecosystem services to human and ecological wellbeing, it is important to define ecosystem services and their implications, to measure, 

monitor and map those services at multiple scales over time, to develop predictive 

models for quantifying the changes in ecosystem services, and to develop decision 

platforms for decision makers to protect and restore ecosystem services through 

informed decision making. The Agency is requesting a total of $76 million in FY 2010 t

s

transitioned to focus on advancing the science of ecosystems services and its 

application to decision making. For FY 2010,

41
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems 

Defining ecosystem services and their implications for human well-being and 

economic valuation;

Developing a decision support framework that enables decision makers to 

illion for 

the continued development, evaluation, and application of innovative tools for endocrine 

nd

Determine the impact of EDCs on the environment and develop methods for 

 assess chemical risk 

to human health and the environment. The computational toxicology research 

 linkages in the source-outcome paradigm; 

itizing of chemicals under regulatory 

review; and

Measuring, monitoring and mapping ecosystem services at multiple scales over 

time;

Developing predictive models for quantifying and forecasting the changes in 

ecosystem services under alternative management scenarios; and 

integrate, visualize, and maximize diverse data, models and tools. 

Over the last decade, the endocrine disruptor research program conducted the 

underlying research, developed and standardized protocols, prepared background 

materials for transfer to EPA’s Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances 

and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, briefed Agency 

advisory committees, participated on international committees on harmonization of 

protocols, and participated in the validation of 19 different in vitro and/or in vivo assays 

for the development and implementation of the Agency’s two-tiered Endocrine 

Disruptors Screening program (EDSP). In FY 2010, EPA is requesting $11.4 m

disrupting chemicals. Research efforts will continue to achieve the following: 

Develop novel in vitro assays as improved alternatives that may further reduce 

the quantity of animals used; 

Finalize the Tier 2 amphibian developmental/reproductive assay and the fish 2 

generation study for validation;

Provide the underlying science that will help in the interpretation of studies 

submitted to the Agency under EDSP; a

preventing and mitigating exposures. 

In FY 2010, the National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT) will play a critical 

role in coordinating and implementing these activities across the Agency. In addition, 

greater emphasis will be placed on using systems biology-based approaches to 

advance health-based assessments. In FY 2010, EPA is requesting $19.6 million to 

support application of mathematical and computer models to help

program’s strategic direction is guided by three long term goals:

Improving the

Providing tools for screening and prior

Enhancing quantitative risk assessment. 

In FY 2010, continued pesticides and toxics research will focus on characterizing 

toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles of perfluoroalkyl chemicals, examining the potential 

for selected perfluorinated telomers to degrade to perfluoroctanoic acid or its 

precursors, and developing methods and models to forecast the fate of pesticides and 

42
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems 

tinued pesticides and toxics research to support the 

cientific foundation for addressing the risks of exposure to pesticides and toxic 

h program in FY 2010 to expand

e availability of information to ensure the safe development, use, recycling and 

ons. In FY 2010, EPA requests $20.9 million for the Global Change 

esearch program to enhance understanding of the effects of global change on the 

d technical support activities in the areas of decontamination, water 

frastructure protection, and safe buildings. The FY 2010 request level for this area is 

$35.6 million. 

byproducts from source waters through drinking water treatment systems and ultimately 

to the U.S. population. The program also will conduct research to develop spatiallyexplicit probabilistic models for ecological assessments and evaluate the potential 

environmental and human health impacts of genetically engineered crops. In FY 2010, 

EPA requests $27.8 million for con

s

chemicals in humans and wildlife. 

EPA will continue to investigate nanotechnology’s environmental, health, and safety 

implications in FY 2010. This research will examine which processes govern the 

environmental fate of nanomaterials and what data are available and needed to enable 

nanomaterial risk assessment. Research will continue to improve our measurement, 

understanding, and control of mercury, with a research focus on the fate and transport 

of mercury and mercury compounds. The Agency also will cultivate the next generation 

of environmental scientists by awarding fellowships to pursue higher education in 

environmentally-related fields and by hosting recent graduates at its facilities. EPA is 

requesting $17.8 million for the Nanomaterials Researc

th

disposal of products that contain nanoscale materials. 

EPA will continue research to better understand how global change (e.g., climate 

change) will affect the environment, including the environmental and human health 

implications of greenhouse gas adaptation and mitigation strategies, and the 

implications of climate change for the Agency’s fulfillment of its statutory, regulatory and 

programmatic requirements. The Agency’s climate change research also includes the 

development of decision support tools to help resource managers adapt to changing 

climate conditi

R

environment.

In FY 2010, the Agency will continue to enhance the nation’s preparedness, response 

and recovery capabilities for homeland security incidents through research, 

development, an

in

43
44
Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship 

Strategic Goal: Protect human health and the environment through ensuring 

compliance with environmental requirements by enforcing environmental statutes, 

preventing pollution, and promoting environmental stewardship. Encourage innovation 

and provide incentives for governments, businesses, and the public that promote 

environmental stewardship and long-term sustainable outcomes.

Resource Summary 

($ in 000)

FY 2009

Enacted

Budget

FY 2010 

President’s

Budget

Difference

FY 2009 EN to 

FY 2010 PresBud

1 - Improve Compliance $512,261 $539,951 $27,691

2 - Improve Environmental 

 Performance through Pollution 

 Prevention and Innovation $110,362 $116,835 $6,473

3 - Build Tribal Capacity $75,825 $81,551 $5,727

4 - Enhance Science and Research $51,721 $50,741 -$980

 Goal 5 Total * $750,168 $789,077 $38,910

Workyears 3,403 3,407 4

7.5% of Budget

* Numbers may not add due to rounding.

Protecting the public and the environment from risks posed by violations of 

environmental regulations is central to the Environmental Protection Agency’s mission. 

Many of America’s historic environmental improvements are attributable to a strong set 

of environmental laws and an assurance of compliance with those laws. EPA’s strong 

and aggressive enforcement program has been the centerpiece of efforts to ensure 

compliance, and has achieved significant improvements in the protection of human 

health and the environment. To help the Agency meet its mission, EPA will employ a 

mixture of effective monitoring, enforcement and compliance strategies, provide 

leadership and support for pollution prevention and sustainable practices, reduce 

regulatory barriers, and refine and apply results-based, innovative, and multi-media 

approaches to environmental stewardship and safeguarding human health. 

In addition, EPA will assist Federally-recognized tribes in assessing environmental 

conditions in Indian country, and will help build their capacity to implement 

environmental programs. EPA also will strengthen the scientific evidence and research 

45
Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

supporting environmental policies and decisions on compliance, pollution prevention,

and environmental stewardship. 

Improving Compliance with Environmental Laws 

To be effective, EPA requires a strong enforcement and compliance program, one 

which: identifies and reduces noncompliance problems, assists the regulated 

community in understanding environmental laws and regulations, responds to 

complaints from the public, strives to secure a level economic playing field for lawabiding companies, and deters future violations. In order to meet the Agency’s goals, 

the program employs an integrated, common-sense approach to problem-solving and 

decision-making. An appropriate mix of data collection and analysis, compliance 

monitoring, assistance and incentives, civil and criminal enforcement efforts, and 

innovative problem-solving approaches address significant environmental issues and 

achieve environmentally beneficial outcomes. The total proposed FY 2010 budget to 

support compliance and environmental stewardship is $789.1 million. 

EPA’s enforcement and compliance program uses compliance assistance to educate 

the regulated community and promote compliance with regulatory requirements to 

reduce adverse public health and environmental problems. To achieve compliance, the 

regulated community must first understand its obligations and how to comply with 

regulatory obligations. The Compliance Assistance program is especially important for 

small businesses and other entities that might not have substantial expertise in the area 

of environmental compliance. In FY 2010, the Compliance Assistance and Centers 

program’s proposed budget is $26.1 million. 

The Agency’s Compliance Monitoring program reviews and evaluates the activities of 

the regulated community to determine compliance with applicable laws, regulations, 

permit conditions and settlement agreements, and to determine whether conditions 

presenting imminent and substantial endangerment exist. FY 2010 Compliance 

Monitoring activities will be both environmental media- and sector-based. The traditional 

media-based inspections complement those performed by states and tribes, and are a 

key part of our strategy for meeting the long-term and annual goals established for the 

air, water, pesticides, toxic substances, and hazardous waste. To ensure that wastes 

are properly handled in accordance with international agreements and Resource 

Conservation and Recovery Act regulations, the Agency reviews and responds to 100 

percent of the notices for trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste. In FY 2010, 

the Compliance Monitoring program’s proposed budget is $101.1 million. 

Maximum compliance requires the active efforts of the regulated community. EPA 

provides a series of compliance incentives to complement its enforcement of 

environmental violations. EPA’s Audit Policy encourages corporate audits of 

environmental compliance and subsequent correction of self-discovered violations, 

providing a uniform enforcement response toward disclosures of violations. Evaluation 

of the results of violations disclosed through self-reporting will occur in order to 

understand the effectiveness and accuracy of such self-reporting. Throughout FY 2010, 

46
Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

EPA will continue to investigate options for encouraging self-directed audits and 

disclosures with particular emphasis on companies in the process of mergers and/or 

acquisitions. In FY 2010, the Compliance Incentives program’s proposed budget is 

$10.7 million. 

The Enforcement program addresses violations to ensure that violators come into 

compliance with Federal laws and regulations and reduce pollution. In FY 2010, the 

program will achieve these environmental goals through consistent, fair, and focused 

enforcement of all environmental statutes. EPA will continue to implement its national 

compliance and enforcement priorities, which address the most widespread types of 

violations that also pose the most substantive health and environmental risks. In FY 

2010, we will continue to build upon our achievements. Our enforcement cases have 

resulted in commitments to reduce, treat, or eliminate over 8.6 billion pounds of 

pollutants from 2002 to 2008. Also in FY 2010, EPA will continue to develop meaningful 

measures to assess the impact of enforcement and compliance activities and target 

areas that pose the greatest risks to human health or the environment, display patterns 

of noncompliance, or include disproportionately exposed populations. 

A strong Civil Enforcement program’s overarching goal is to protect human health and 

the environment, targeting enforcement actions according to degree of health and 

environmental risk. The program works with the Department of Justice to ensure 

consistent and fair enforcement of all environmental laws and regulations. The program 

seeks to level the economic playing field by ensuring that violators do not realize an 

economic benefit from noncompliance, and to deter future violations. The Civil 

Enforcement program develops, litigates, and settles administrative and civil judicial 

cases against serious violators of environmental laws. In FY 2010, the Agency will 

aggressively implement its core Civil Enforcement program, as well as the National 

Compliance and Enforcement Priorities established for calendar years 2008-2010. The 

nation’s top priorities for enforcement include Clean Water Act “Wet Weather” 

discharges (water contamination resulting from sewer overflows, contaminated storm 

water runoff, and runoff from concentrated animal feeding operations), violations of the 

Clean Air Act New Source Review/Prevention of Significant Deterioration requirements 

and Air Toxics regulations, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) violations 

at Mineral Processing facilities, violations of Financial Responsibility requirements for 

the RCRA, Safe Drinking Water Act, and Toxic Substances Control Act programs, and 

ensuring compliance in Indian Country. The Civil Enforcement program also will 

support the Environmental Justice program by focusing enforcement actions on 

industries that have repeatedly violated environmental laws in communities that may be 

disproportionately exposed to risks and harms from the environment, including minority 

and/or low-income areas. In FY 2010, the Civil Enforcement program’s proposed 

budget is $145.2 million. 

EPA’s Criminal Enforcement program investigates and helps prosecute environmental 

violations which seriously threaten public health and the environment and which involve 

intentional, deliberate, or criminal behavior on the part of the violator. The Criminal 

Enforcement program deters violations of environmental laws and regulations by 

47
Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

demonstrating that the regulated community will be held accountable, through jail 

sentences and criminal fines, for such violations. Bringing criminal cases sends a 

strong message for potential violators, enhancing aggregate compliance with laws and 

regulations. In FY 2010, the criminal enforcement program will continue to expand its 

identification and investigation of cases with significant environmental, human health, 

and deterrence impact while balancing its overall case load of “core” cases across all 

pollution statutes (e.g., traditional cases involving wastewater; hazardous waste; the 

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act; the Toxic Substances Control Act, 

etc.). The program will increase the number of agents to complete its three-year hiring 

strategy of raising its special agent workforce to 200 criminal investigators. With these 

resources, the program will expand its capacity in supporting efforts to address complex 

environmental cases. In FY 2010, the Criminal Enforcement program’s proposed 

budget is $57.7 million. 

NEPA Federal Review

EPA fulfills its uniquely Federal responsibilities under the National Environmental Policy 

Act (NEPA) and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act by reviewing and commenting on other 

Federal agency Environmental Impact Statements (EISs), making the comments 

available to the public, and allowing public input. NEPA requires that Federal agencies 

prepare and submit EISs to identify potential environmental consequences of major 

proposed activities, and develop plans to mitigate or eliminate adverse impacts. A focal 

point in the near term will be implementing the Agency’s NEPA responsibilities with 

respect to projects funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 

(ARRA). In FY 2010, additional personnel resources will enable EPA to meet these 

increased environmental review responsibilities, which will help with the expeditious 

approval and implementation of Federal economic stimulus projects. EPA will continue 

to work with other Federal agencies to streamline and to improve their NEPA 

processes. Work also will focus on a number of key areas such as review and 

comment on on-shore and off-shore liquid natural gas facilities, coal bed methane 

development and other energy-related projects, nuclear power/hydro-power plant 

licensing/re-licensing, highway and airport expansion, military base 

realignment/redevelopment, flood control and port development, and management of 

national forests and public lands. In FY 2010, the NEPA program’s proposed budget is 

$18.3 million. 

Improving Environmental Performance through Innovation and Pollution 

Prevention and Stewardship

In FY 2010, with a budget of approximately $23.8 million, the Pollution Prevention 

program will continue being one of the Agency’s primary tools for minimizing and 

preventing adverse environmental impacts by preventing the generation of pollution at 

the source. Through pollution prevention integration, EPA will work to bring about a 

performance-oriented regulatory system that develops innovative, flexible strategies to 

achieve measurable results; promotes environmental stewardship in all parts of society; 

48
Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

supports sustainable development and pollution prevention; and fosters a culture of 

creative environmental problem-solving.

Partnering with Businesses and Consumers: In FY 2010, through the 

Pollution Prevention (P2) program, EPA will promote technology transfer and 

technical assistance and to spur development of greener chemicals, processes 

and products through eight programs: Green Chemistry, Design for the 

Environment, Green Suppliers Network, Regional Grants, Pollution Prevention 

Resource Exchange, Partnership for Sustainable Healthcare, Green Engineering, 

and Environmentally Preferable Purchasing. Also in FY 2010, EPA will continue 

to encourage, empower, and assist government and business to adopt source 

reduction practices and promote strong collaboration among Regions to promote 

geographically specific approaches to address unique local problems. P2 grants 

to states and tribes enable them to provide technical assistance, education, and 

outreach to assist businesses.

In FY 2010, through the Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program (EPP), 

the Agency also will implement the Federal Electronics Challenge and promote 

the use of the Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT), a 

procurement tool designed to help institutional purchasers compare and select 

desktop computers, laptops, and monitors based on environmental attributes. In 

addition, EPA’s innovative Green Suppliers Network Program works with large 

manufacturers to engage their small and medium-sized suppliers in low-cost 

technical reviews that focus on process improvements and waste reduction. 

Finally, through the Green Chemistry and Design for the Environment Program 

(DfE), EPA works to promote and recognize greener chemicals, synthetic 

pathways, and formulations. DfE has incorporated green formulations into over 

1,000 recognized products to date.

Promoting Innovation and Stewardship: In FY 2010, EPA will work to bring 

about a performance-oriented regulatory system that develops innovative, 

flexible strategies to achieve measurable results, promotes environmental 

stewardship in all parts of society, supports sustainable development and 

pollution prevention, and fosters a culture of creative environmental problemsolving. 

In FY 2010, through an annual Program Evaluation Competition managed by the 

National Center for Environmental Innovation, resources will be provided to EPA 

programs and Regional offices to conduct rigorous evaluations. Specific consideration 

will be given to evaluations that support the Government Performance and Results Act, 

provide evidence-based assessments of performance and outcomes for a wide range of 

current EPA programs, and allow EPA to improve and invest in promising environmental 

program innovations.

The Sector Strategies program will engage industry, non governmental organizations, 

state, and Federal stakeholders in policy dialogue and strategic planning, including a 

49
Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

dialogue with states on data templates and climate analysis. In addition, EPA plans to 

initiate discussions with states on the design and implementation of sector-specific 

strategies and performance improvement projects that will address GHG reductions 

(sectors represent 29 percent of total GHG emissions), toxic air emissions (34 percent 

of national releases), hazardous waste (80 percent of hazardous waste releases), and 

water impact issues.

In FY 2010, the Smart Growth program plans to build upon its work in outreach and 

direct implementation assistance. EPA will provide national best practices to 

communities and use its local, on-the-ground work to communicate its national research 

and policy agenda.

Improve Human Health and the Environment in Indian Country 

Since adopting the EPA Indian Policy in 1984, EPA has worked with Federally 

recognized tribes on a government-to-government basis, in recognition of the Federal 

government's trust responsibility to Federally recognized tribes. Under Federal 

environmental statutes, the Agency is responsible for protecting human health and the 

environment in Indian country. EPA’s American Indian Environmental Office (AIEO) 

leads an Agency wide effort to work with tribes, Alaska Native Villages, and inter-tribal 

consortia to fulfill this responsibility. EPA’s strategy for achieving this objective has three 

major components: 

Establish an Environmental Presence in Indian Country: The Agency will 

continue to provide funding through the Indian General Assistance Program 

(GAP) so each federally-recognized tribe can establish an environmental 

presence.

Provide Access to Environmental Information: EPA will provide the 

information tribes need to meet EPA and Tribal environmental priorities, as well 

as characterize the environmental and public health improvements that result 

from joint actions.

Implementation of Environmental Goals: The Agency will provide 

opportunities for the implementation of Tribal environmental programs by tribes, 

or directly by EPA, as necessary. 

In FY 2010, EPA will provide $62.9 million in GAP grants to help build Tribal 

environmental capacity to assess environmental conditions, utilize available information, 

and build an environmental program tailored to tribes’ needs. The grants will develop 

environmental education and outreach programs, develop and implement integrated 

solid waste management plans, and alert EPA to serious conditions that pose 

immediate public health and ecological threats. Through GAP program guidance, EPA 

emphasizes outcome based results. 

The Agency proposes $24.1 million to enhance capacity for sustainability through 

science and research. EPA has developed and evaluated tools and technologies to 

50
Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship

monitor, prevent, control, and clean up pollution throughout its history. EPA’s Science 

and Technology for Sustainability (STS) research program, in accordance with the 

Agency’s policy of scientific integrity,1

 provides the scientific foundation for the Agency’s 

actions for the integrated management of air, water, and land resources, as well as 

changes in traditional methods of creating and distributing goods and services. Since 

the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, the Agency has increasingly focused on 

preventative and sustainable approaches to health and environmental problems. EPA’s 

efforts in this area support research specifically designed to address the issue of 

advancing sustainability goals. 

Sustainable approaches require: innovative design and production techniques that 

minimize or eliminate environmental liabilities; integrated management of air, water, and 

land resources; and changes in the traditional methods of creating and distributing 

goods and services. And in addition to conducting research related to human health 

and environmental threats, EPA is committed to promoting sustainability—achieving 

economic prosperity while protecting natural systems and quality of life for the long 

term.

The FY 2010 EPA budget request includes a $5.0 million increase for a biofuels 

research initiative to help decision–makers better understand the risk tradeoffs 

associated with biofuels production and use. The work will inform the life-cycle analysis 

and mandatory reporting requirements contained in the Energy Independence and 

Security Act. 

EPA’s STS research program will continue efforts aimed at creating a suite of sciencebased sustainability metrics that are readily understood by the public. This work will 

address both large and small systems, including the implementation and tracking of 

sustainability metrics across the biofuels system. In addition, the People, Prosperity, 

and Planet Award will support up to 50 student design projects from around the country, 

focusing on challenges in areas such as materials and chemicals, energy, resources, 

and water.

1

 For more information, see http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Memorandum-for-the-Heads-of-ExecutiveDepartments-and-Agencies-3-9-09/.

51
52
Appendices

53
54
Resources by Appropriation 

Summary of Agency Resources by Appropriation 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Appropriation Account 

FY 2009 

Enacted

Budget

FY 2010 

President’s

Budget

Change

FY 09 EN to 

FY 10 PB 

Science & Technology (S&T) 1 $790,051 $842,349 $52,298

Environmental Programs and Management (EPM) $2,392,079 $2,940,564 $548,485

Office of Inspector General (IG) 1 $44,791 $44,791 $0

Buildings & Facilities (B&F) $35,001 $37,001 $2,000

Oil Spill Response (OIL) $17,687 $18,379 $692

Superfund (SF) $1,285,024 $1,308,541 $23,517

 - Superfund Programs $1,248,632 $1,271,732 $23,100 

 - Inspector General Transfer $9,975 $9,975 $0

 - Science & Technology Transfer $26,417 $26,834 $417

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) $112,577 $113,101 $524

State & Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) $2,976,464 $5,191,274 $2,214,810

Rescission of Prior Year Funds ($10,000) ($10,000) $0

Agency Total: $7,643,674 $10,486,000 $2,842,326

Totals do not include $7.22 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009. 

FY 09 Resource totals include $8 million in Specified Infrastructure Grants for Hunter's Point, CA. 

1

 Does not include Superfund transfers—see the Superfund line items below for annual amounts. 

55
56
Resources by Program Area 

Resources by Program Area 

(Dollars in Thousands)

NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.

FY 2008 

Actuals

FY 2009 

Enacted

Budget

FY 2010 

President’s

Budget

Change

FY09 Enacted to 

FY10 PresBud 

Science & Technology

Air Toxics and Quality $101,150.4 $105,132.0 $122,256.0 $17,124.0

Climate Protection Program $17,156.3 $16,828.0 $18,975.0 $2,147.0

Enforcement $14,042.7 $15,087.0 $15,946.0 $859.0

Homeland Security $74,892.1 $63,718.0 $71,332.0 $7,614.0

(Water Sentinel) ($26,547.5) ($14,982.0) ($23,726.0) ($8,744.0)

(Decontamination) ($19,964.2) ($26,407.0) ($25,430.0) (-$977.0)

(Laboratory Preparedness and Response) ($507.9) ($494.0) ($500.0) ($6.0)

(Safe Building) ($2,794.4) ($1,976.0) ($2,000.0) ($24.0)

Indoor Air $1,140.7 $1,120.0 $1,157.0 $37.0

IT / Data Management / Security $3,762.6 $3,969.0 $4,073.0 $104.0

Operations and Administration $69,239.2 $73,835.0 $72,882.0 -$953.0

(Rent) ($35,398.9) ($34,521.0) ($33,947.0) (-$574.0)

(Utilities) ($17,894.3) ($18,547.0) ($19,177.0) ($630.0)

(Security) ($9,609.6) ($11,989.0) ($10,260.0) (-$1,729.0)

Pesticides Licensing $6,179.2 $5,671.0 $6,463.0 $792.0

Research: Clean Air $93,620.0 $98,427.0 $104,073.0 $5,646.0

(Research: Global Change) ($17,423.9) ($17,886.0) ($20,909.0) ($3,023.0)

Research: Clean Water $101,571.2 $106,164.0 $110,363.0 $4,199.0

Research / Congressional Priorities $1,034.0 $5,450.0 $0.0 -$5,450.0

Research: Human Health and Ecosystems $216,308.9 $229,403.0 $245,381.0 $15,978.0

(Research: Computational Toxicology) ($13,987.1) ($15,156.0) ($19,602.0) ($4,446.0)

(Research: Endocrine Disruptor) ($11,158.9) ($11,486.0) ($11,442.0) (-$44.0) 

(Research: Fellowships) ($9,721.8) ($9,651.0) ($10,894.0) ($1,243.0)

Research: Land Protection $11,212.5 $13,586.0 $13,782.0 $196.0

Research: Sustainability $24,223.3 $21,157.0 $24,107.0 $2,950.0

Toxic Research and Prevention $24,616.7 $26,949.0 $27,839.0 $890.0

Water: Human Health Protection $3,292.5 $3,555.0 $3,720.0 $165.0

Total, Science & Technology $763,442.3 $790,051.0 $842,349.0 $52,298.0

57
Resources by Program Area 

Resources by Program Area 

(Dollars in Thousands)

NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program. 

FY 2008 

Actuals

FY 2009 

Enacted

Budget

FY 2010 

President’s

Budget

Change

FY09 Enacted to 

FY10 PresBud 

Environmental Program & Management

Air Toxics and Quality $195,135.2 $195,151.0 $203,265.0 $8,114.0

Brownfields $25,200.3 $22,957.0 $25,254.0 $2,297.0

Climate Protection Program $97,364.3 $94,271.0 $111,634.0 $17,363.0

(Energy STAR) ($38,713.6) ($49,735.0) ($50,748.0) ($1,013.0)

(Methane to markets) ($6,348.1) ($4,497.6) ($4,582.0) ($84.4)

(Asian Pacific Partnership) ($1,567.0) ($0.0) ($0.0) ($0.0)

(Greenhouse Gas Reporting Registry) ($3,205.7) ($6,388.0) ($17,005.0) ($10,617.0)

Compliance $130,362.3 $128,826.0 $136,631.0 $7,805.0

Enforcement $194,062.7 $209,157.0 $223,943.0 $14,786.0

(Environmental Justice) ($4,332.1) ($6,993.0) ($7,203.0) ($210.0)

Environmental Protection / Congressional Priorities $12,403.5 $17,450.0 $0.0 -$17,450.0

Geographic Programs $95,174.8 $95,959.0 $551,130.0 $455,171.0

Geographic Program: Chesapeake Bay $36,494.1 $31,001.0 $35,139.0 $4,138.0

Geographic Program: Great Lakes $22,968.4 $23,000.0 $0.0 -$23,000.0

San Francisco Bay $0.0 $5,000.0 $5,000.0 $0.0

Puget Sound $8,696.1 $20,000.0 $20,000.0 $0.0

Geographic Program: Long Island Sound $4,827.0 $3,000.0 $3,000.0 $0.0

Geographic Program: Gulf of Mexico $4,429.0 $4,578.0 $4,638.0 $60.0

Geographic Program: Lake Champlain $2,919.9 $3,000.0 $1,434.0 -$1,566.0

Lake Pontchartrain $1,490.0 $978.0 $978.0 $0.0

Community Action for a Renewed Environment 

(CARE) $3,360.1 $2,000.0 $2,448.0 $448.0

Geographic Program: Other (other activities) $4,474.4 $3,402.0 $3,493.0 $91.0

Regional Geographic Initiatives $5,515.8 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Great Lakes Restoration $0.0 $0.0 $475,000.0 $475,000.0

Homeland Security $20,993.8 $23,406.0 $23,901.0 $495.0

(Decontamination) ($717.3) ($3,476.0) ($3,542.0) ($66.0)

Indoor Air $29,279.3 $25,895.0 $26,649.0 $754.0

Information Exchange / Outreach $125,845.8 $126,343.0 $131,825.0 $5,482.0

(Children and Other Sensitive Populations: 

Agency Coordination) ($7,226.7) ($6,071.0) ($6,515.0) ($444.0)

(Environmental Education) ($9,050.3) ($8,979.0) ($9,038.0) ($59.0)

58
Resources by Program Area 

Resources by Program Area 

(Dollars in Thousands)

NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.

FY 2008 

Actuals

FY 2009 

Enacted

Budget

FY 2010 

President’s

Budget

Change

FY09 Enacted to 

FY10 PresBud 

International Programs $19,221.9 $19,664.0 $20,349.0 $685.0

(US Mexico Border) ($6,110.1) ($5,561.0) ($5,047.0) (-$514.0)

IT / Data Management / Security $98,085.8 $99,025.0 $109,320.0 $10,295.0

Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review $120,168.9 $118,123.0 $128,231.0 $10,108.0

Operations and Administration $459,248.0 $479,197.0 $511,895.0 $32,698.0

(Rent) ($157,406.5) ($160,366.0) ($162,040.0) ($1,674.0)

(Utilities) ($7,019.4) ($10,973.0) ($13,514.0) ($2,541.0)

(Security) ($24,194.9) ($25,676.0) ($27,997.0) ($2,321.0)

Pesticides Licensing $121,715.5 $116,061.0 $119,187.0 $3,126.0

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) $121,125.3 $116,891.0 $122,131.0 $5,240.0

Toxics Risk Review and Prevention $89,642.3 $93,259.0 $102,903.0 $9,644.0

(Endocrine Disruptors) ($7,102.4) ($8,498.0) ($8,659.0) ($161.0)

Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST) $11,157.9 $11,946.0 $12,451.0 $505.0

Water: Ecosystems $75,330.9 $86,096.0 $50,303.0 -$35,793.0

Great Lakes Legacy Act $27,416.2 $37,000.0 $0.0 -$37,000.0

National Estuary Program / Coastal Waterways $26,046.7 $26,557.0 $26,967.0 $410.0

Wetlands $21,868.0 $22,539.0 $23,336.0 $797.0

Water: Human Health Protection $109,762.3 $101,585.0 $105,726.0 $4,141.0

Water Quality Protection $211,210.4 $210,817.0 $223,836.0 $13,019.0

Total, Environmental Program & Management $2,362,491.2 $2,392,079.0 $2,940,564.0 $548,485.0

Inspector General

Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations $41,896.5 $44,791.0 $44,791.0 $0.0

Total, Inspector General $41,896.5 $44,791.0 $44,791.0 $0.0

Building and Facilities

Homeland Security $8,225.9 $8,070.0 $8,070.0 $0.0

Operations and Administration $28,081.5 $26,931.0 $28,931.0 $2,000.0

Total, Building and Facilities $36,307.4 $35,001.0 $37,001.0 $2,000.0

59
Resources by Program Area 

Resources by Program Area 

(Dollars in Thousands)

NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program. 

FY 2008 

Actuals

FY 2009 

Enacted

Budget

FY 2010 

President’s

Budget

Change

FY09 Enacted to 

FY10 PresBud 

Hazardous Substance Superfund

Air Toxics and Quality $2,165.0 $2,295.0 $2,596.0 $301.0

Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations $12,037.8 $9,975.0 $9,975.0 $0.0

Compliance $1,343.1 $1,351.0 $1,247.0 -$104.0

Enforcement $189,993.2 $187,776.0 $196,034.0 $8,258.0

(Environmental Justice) ($502.1) ($818.0) ($822.0) ($4.0)

(Superfund: Enforcement) ($168,674.1) ($166,148.0) ($173,176.0) ($7,028.0)

(Superfund: Federal Facilities Enforcement) ($9,124.8) ($9,872.0) ($10,378.0) ($506.0)

Homeland Security $47,634.5 $56,571.0 $56,561.0 -$10.0

(Decontamination) ($8,334.8) ($10,811.0) ($10,972.0) ($161.0)

(Laboratory Preparedness and Response) ($3,792.6) ($9,588.0) ($9,621.0) ($33.0)

Information Exchange / Outreach $1,575.7 $1,433.0 $1,433.0 $0.0

IT / Data Management / Security $16,404.3 $17,679.0 $17,923.0 $244.0

Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review $1,579.3 $1,582.0 $1,641.0 $59.0

Operations and Administration $121,536.4 $134,643.0 $139,923.0 $5,280.0

(Rent) ($44,867.0) ($45,353.0) ($44,300.0) (-$1,053.0)

(Utilities) ($1,176.7) ($3,042.0) ($3,397.0) ($355.0)

(Security) ($6,392.7) ($6,524.0) ($8,299.0) ($1,775.0)

Research: Human Health and Ecosystems $6,799.6 $3,377.0 $3,395.0 $18.0

Research: Land Protection $19,392.9 $20,905.0 $21,401.0 $496.0

Research: Sustainability $99.7 $79.0 $0.0 -$79.0

Superfund Cleanup $1,005,027.3 $847,358.0 $856,412.0 $9,054.0

Superfund: Emergency Response and Removal $223,136.3 $195,043.0 $202,843.0 $7,800.0

Superfund: EPA Emergency Preparedness $9,608.7 $9,442.0 $9,791.0 $349.0

Superfund: Federal Facilities $33,558.3 $31,306.0 $32,203.0 $897.0

Superfund: Remedial $726,765.3 $604,992.0 $605,000.0 $8.0

Superfund: Support to Other Federal Agencies $4,888.0 $6,575.0 $6,575.0 $0.0

Total, Hazardous Substance Superfund $1,425,588.8 $1,285,024.0 $1,308,541.0 $23,517.0

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

Compliance $787.5 $817.0 $788.0 -$29.0

60
Resources by Program Area 

Resources by Program Area 

(Dollars in Thousands)

NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.

FY 2008 

Actuals

FY 2009 

Enacted

Budget

FY 2010 

President’s

Budget

Change

FY09 Enacted to 

FY10 PresBud 

IT / Data Management / Security $178.0 $162.0 $162.0 $0.0

Operations and Administration $1,756.4 $2,057.0 $2,190.0 $133.0

(Rent) ($685.0) ($696.0) ($696.0) ($0.0)

Research: Land Protection $567.7 $475.0 $484.0 $9.0

Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST) $104,804.3 $109,066.0 $109,477.0 $411.0

(LUST / UST) ($14,193.0) ($11,105.0) ($11,855.0) ($750.0)

(LUST Cooperative Agreements) ($63,056.0) ($62,461.0) ($63,192.0) ($731.0)

(EPAct & Related Authorities Implemention) ($27,555.3) ($35,500.0) ($34,430.0) (-$1,070.0)

Total, Leaking Underground Storage Tanks $108,093.9 $112,577.0 $113,101.0 $524.0

Oil Spill Response

Compliance $285.3 $277.0 $317.0 $40.0

Enforcement $1,851.0 $2,117.0 $2,406.0 $289.0

IT / Data Management / Security $15.0 $24.0 $24.0 $0.0

Oil $13,880.8 $13,953.0 $14,397.0 $444.0

Operations and Administration $498.6 $596.0 $498.0 -$98.0

(Rent) ($431.0) ($538.0) ($438.0) (-$100.0)

Research: Land Protection $794.6 $720.0 $737.0 $17.0

Total, Oil Spill Response $17,325.3 $17,687.0 $18,379.0 $692.0

State and Tribal Assistance Grants

Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water SRF $836,929.7 $689,080.0 $2,400,000.0 $1,710,920.0

Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water SRF $949,968.9 $829,029.0 $1,500,000.0 $670,971.0

Congressionally Mandated Projects $65,009.8 $145,000.0 $0.0 -$145,000.0

Infrastructure Assistance: Alaska Native Villages $21,193.7 $18,500.0 $10,000.0 -$8,500.0

Brownfields Projects $94,611.8 $97,000.0 $100,000.0 $3,000.0

Clean School Bus Initiative $6,868.8 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program $19,954.9 $60,000.0 $60,000.0 $0.0

CA Emission Reduction Project Grants $9,844.0 $15,000.0 $0.0 -$15,000.0

Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico Border $65,138.5 $20,000.0 $10,000.0 -$10,000.0

Categorical Grants $1,157,581.6 $1,094,855.0 $1,111,274.0 $16,419.0

61
Resources by Program Area 

Resources by Program Area 

(Dollars in Thousands)

NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program. 

FY 2008 

Actuals

FY 2009 

Enacted

Budget

FY 2010 

President’s

Budget

Change

FY09 Enacted to 

FY10 PresBud 

Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection $10,642.2 $9,900.0 $9,900.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Brownfields $51,070.6 $49,495.0 $49,495.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Environmental Information $14,402.4 $10,000.0 $10,000.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Hazardous Waste Financial 

Assistance $101,740.4 $101,346.0 $106,346.0 $5,000.0

Categorical Grant: Homeland Security $5,688.0 $4,950.0 $0.0 -$4,950.0

Categorical Grant: Lead $14,699.7 $13,564.0 $14,564.0 $1,000.0

Categorical Grant: Local Govt Climate Change $0.0 $10,000.0 $0.0 -$10,000.0

Categorical Grant: Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319) $207,166.5 $200,857.0 $200,857.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Pesticides Enforcement $20,098.6 $18,711.0 $18,711.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Pesticides Program 

Implementation $14,014.7 $12,970.0 $13,520.0 $550.0

Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec. 106) $243,836.1 $218,495.0 $229,264.0 $10,769.0

(Monitoring Grants) ($26,737.7) ($18,500.0) ($18,500.0) ($0.0)

Categorical Grant: Pollution Prevention $5,076.8 $4,940.0 $4,940.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Public Water System Supervision 

(PWSS) $101,503.0 $99,100.0 $105,700.0 $6,600.0

Categorical Grant: Radon $10,007.4 $8,074.0 $8,074.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Sector Program $1,666.3 $1,828.0 $1,828.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: State and Local Air Quality 

Management $226,155.9 $224,080.0 $226,580.0 $2,500.0

Categorical Grant: Targeted Watersheds $21,027.7 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances Compliance $5,273.6 $5,099.0 $5,099.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality Management $12,066.9 $13,300.0 $13,300.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Tribal General Assistance 

Program $58,628.8 $57,925.0 $62,875.0 $4,950.0

Categorical Grant: Underground Injection Control 

(UIC) $12,114.5 $10,891.0 $10,891.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Underground Storage Tanks $3,600.7 $2,500.0 $2,500.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Wastewater Operator Training $670.3 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Water Quality Cooperative 

Agreements $445.3 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program Development $15,985.2 $16,830.0 $16,830.0 $0.0

Total, State and Tribal Assistance Grants $3,227,101.7 $2,968,464.0 $5,191,274.0 $2,222,810.0

62
Resources by Program Area 

Resources by Program Area 

(Dollars in Thousands)

NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.

FY 2008 

Actuals

FY 2009 

Enacted

Budget

FY 2010 

President’s

Budget

Change

FY09 Enacted to 

FY10 PresBud 

TOTAL, EPA (Excludes Rescission to Prior Year Funds) $7,982,247.1 $7,645,674.0 $10,496,000.0 $2,850,326.0

Rescission to Prior Year Funds -$5,000.0 -$10,000.0 -$10,000.0 $0.0

TOTAL, EPA $7,977,247.1 $7,635,674.0 $10,486,000.0 $2,850,326.0

Specified Infrastructure Grants:

Tar Creek, Oklahoma $2,953.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0

Hunter’s Point, California $7,875.0 $8,000.0 $0.0 -$8,000.0

TOTAL, EPA + Specified Infrastructure Grants $7,988,075.1 $7,643,674.0 $10,486,000.0 $2,842,326.0

Totals do not include $7.22 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009. 

FY 2008 Actuals include obligations of carryover. 

63
64
Categorical Program Grants (STAG)

by National Program and State Grant

(Dollars in Thousands)

Categorical Grants

NPM / Grant 

FY 2008 

Actuals

FY 2009 

Enacted

FY 2010 

PresBud

Delta

FY 10 PB - 

FY09 EN 

%

Change

Air & Radiation

State and Local Assistance $226,156 $224,080 $226,580 $2,500 1.1%

Tribal Air Quality Management $12,067 $13,300 $13,300 $0 0.0%

Radon $10,007 $8,074 $8,074 $0 0.0%

Local Government Climate Change $0 $10,000 $0 ($10,000) -100.0%

$248,230 $255,454 $247,954 ($7,500) -2.9%

Water

Pollution Control (Section 106) $243,836 $218,495 $229,264 $10,769 4.9%

Beaches Protection $10,642 $9,900 $9,900 $0 0.0%

Nonpoint Source (Section 319) $207,167 $200,857 $200,857 $0 0.0%

Wetlands Program Development $15,985 $16,830 $16,830 $0 0.0%

Targeted Watersheds $21,028 $0 $0 $0 0.0%

Wastewater Operator Training $670 $0 $0 $0 0.0%

Water Quality Cooperative Agreements $445 $0 $0 $0 0.0%

$499,773 $446,082 $456,851 $10,769 2.4%

Drinking Water

Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) $101,503 $99,100 $105,700 $6,600 6.7%

Underground Injection Control (UIC) $12,115 $10,891 $10,891 $0 0.0%

Homeland Security $5,688 $4,950 $0 ($4,950) -100.0%

$119,306 $114,941 $116,591 $1,650 1.4%

Hazardous Waste

H.W. Financial Assistance $101,740 $101,346 $106,346 $5,000 4.9%

Brownfields $51,071 $49,495 $49,495 $0 0.0%

Underground Storage Tanks $3,601 $2,500 $2,500 $0 0.0%

$156,412 $153,341 $158,341 $5,000 3.3%

Pesticides & Toxics

Pesticides Program Implementation $14,015 $12,970 $13,520 $550 4.2%

Lead $14,700 $13,564 $14,564 $1,000 7.4%

Toxic Substances Compliance $5,274 $5,099 $5,099 $0 0.0%

Pesticides Enforcement $20,099 $18,711 $18,711 $0 0.0%

$54,088 $50,344 $51,894 $1,550 3.1%

Multimedia

Environmental Information $14,402 $10,000 $10,000 $0 0.0%

Pollution Prevention $5,077 $4,940 $4,940 $0 0.0%

Sector Program (Enf & Comp Assurance) $1,666 $1,828 $1,828 $0 0.0%

Tribal General Assistance Program $58,629 $57,925 $62,875 $4,950 8.5%

$79,774 $74,693 $79,643 $4,950 6.6%

Total Categorical Grants $1,157,582 $1,094,855 $1,111,274 $16,419 1.5%

Totals do not include $7.22 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009.

FY 2008 Actuals include obligations of carryover.

NOTE: Totals may not add due to rounding.

65
66
Categorical Grants 

Categorical Grants Program (STAG)

(Dollars in millions)

$883

$1,006

$1,079

$1,143 $1,168 $1,137 $1,113 $1,113 $1,078 $1,095 $1,111

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

2000

EN

2001

EN

2002

EN

2003

EN

2004

EN

2005

EN

2006

EN

2007

EN

2008

EN

2009

EN

2010

PB

*Does not account for the 2006 $80.0 million rescission. (EN – Enacted, PB – President’s Budget)

Categorical Grants 

In FY 2010, EPA requests a total of $1.111 billion for 21 “categorical” program grants for 

state, interstate organizations, non-profit organizations, intertribal consortia, and Tribal 

governments. EPA will continue to pursue its strategy of building and supporting state, 

local and Tribal capacity to implement, operate, and enforce the nation’s environmental 

laws. Most environmental laws envision establishment of a decentralized nationwide 

structure to protect public health and the environment. In this way, environmental goals 

will ultimately be achieved through the actions, programs, and commitments of state, 

Tribal and local governments, organizations and citizens. 

In FY 2010, EPA will continue to offer flexibility to state and Tribal governments to 

manage their environmental programs as well as provide technical and financial 

assistance to achieve mutual environmental goals. First, EPA and its state and Tribal 

partners will continue implementing the National Environmental Performance 

Partnership System (NEPPS). NEPPS is designed to allow states more flexibility to 

operate their programs, while increasing emphasis on measuring and reporting 

environmental improvements. Second, Performance Partnership Grants (PPGs) will 

continue to allow states and tribes funding flexibility to combine categorical program 

grants to address environmental priorities. 

Also, to help improve EPA's grants management, the Agency is working with the states 

to establish a standardized template for states to use in developing and submitting their 

workplans for continuing environmental program grants. Based on experience with 

67
Categorical Grants 

initial template strategies gained in FY 2007 and FY 2008, EPA will continue to partner 

with states on implementation in FY 2010. 

HIGHLIGHTS:

State & Local Air Quality Management, Radon, and Tribal Air Quality 

Management Grants 

The FY 2010 request includes $248 million for grants to support state, local, and Tribal 

air management and radon programs. Grant funds for State and Local Air Quality 

Management and Tribal Air Quality Management are requested in the amounts of 

$226.6 million and $13.3 million, respectively. These funds provide resources to multistate, state, local, and Tribal air pollution control agencies for the development and 

implementation of programs for the prevention and control of air pollution and for the 

implementation of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) set to protect public 

health and the environment. In FY 2010, EPA will continue to work with state and local 

air pollution control agencies to develop or implement state implementation plans (SIPs) 

for NAAQS including: the 8-hour ozone standard, the fine particle (PM-2.5) standard, 

the lead standard, and for regional haze. EPA also will continue an initiative to measure 

levels of toxic air pollution near selected schools across the country. EPA will ensure 

that deployed monitors collect high-quality data. This partnership will help EPA 

maximize its monitoring and analytical capabilities. In addition, EPA will continue 

support of state and local operation of the 27-site National Air Toxics Trends Stations 

network.

EPA will work with Federally-recognized Tribal governments nationwide to continue 

development and implementation of tribal air quality management programs. Tribes are 

active in protection of air quality for the 4 percent of the land mass of the United States 

over which they have sovereignty, and work closely with EPA to monitor and report air 

quality information from over 300 monitors. Lastly, this request includes $8.1 million for 

Radon grants to continue funding priority activities that reduce health risks. These 

activities include reducing radon levels in existing homes and promoting the 

construction of new homes with radon reducing features. 

Pesticide Enforcement, Toxics Substance Compliance, & Sector Program Grants 

The FY 2010 request includes $25.6 million to build environmental enforcement 

partnerships with states and tribes and to strengthen their ability to address 

environmental and public health threats. The enforcement state grants request consists 

of $18.7 million for Pesticides Enforcement, $5.1 million for Toxic Substances 

Enforcement Grants, and $1.8 million for Sector Grants. State and Tribal enforcement 

grants will be awarded to assist in the implementation of compliance and enforcement 

provisions of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and the Federal Insecticide, 

Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). These grants support state and Tribal 

compliance activities to protect the environment from harmful chemicals and pesticides. 

68
Categorical Grants 

Under the Pesticides Enforcement Grant program, EPA provides resources to states 

and Indian tribes to conduct FIFRA compliance inspections and take appropriate 

enforcement actions and implement programs for farm worker protection. Under the 

Toxic Substances Compliance Grant program, states receive funding for compliance 

inspections of asbestos and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). States also received 

funding for implementation of the state lead-base paint certification and training, and 

abatement notification compliance and enforcement program. The funds will 

complement other Federal program grants for building state capacity for lead 

abatement, and enhancing compliance with disclosure, certification and training 

requirements. Under the Sector program grants, EPA builds environmental 

partnerships with states and tribes to strengthen their ability to address environmental 

and public health threats, including contaminated drinking water, pesticides in food, 

hazardous waste, toxic substances, and air pollution. These grants also support state 

agencies implementing authorized, delegated, or approved environmental programs. 

Pesticides Program Implementation Grants 

The FY 2010 request includes $13.5 million for Pesticides Program Implementation 

grants. These resources will assist states, tribes, and partners with pesticide worker 

safety activities, protection of endangered species and water sources, and promotion of 

environmental stewardship approaches to pesticide use. In addition, the Agency 

provides grants to promote stronger Tribal pesticide programs. EPA’s mission as 

related to pesticides is to protect human health and the environment from pesticide risk 

and to realize the value of pesticide availability by considering the economic, social and 

environmental costs and benefits of the use of pesticides. Pesticides Program 

Implementation Grants help state programs stay current with changing requirements.

Lead Grants 

The FY 2010 request includes $14.6 million for Lead grants. This funding will support 

the development of authorized programs, including work under the new Lead Rule, in 

both states and tribes to prevent lead poisoning through the training of workers who 

remove lead-based paint, the accreditation of training programs, the certification of 

contractors, and renovation education programs. Another activity that this funding will 

support is the collection of lead data to determine the nature and extent of the lead 

problem within an area so that states, tribes and the Agency can better target remaining 

areas of high risk. In FY 2010, EPA expects to reduce the number of child lead 

poisoning cases to 0 which would put the Agency on target to eliminate childhood lead 

poisoning as a public health concern. 

In FY 2010, EPA will continue to award Targeted Grants to Reduce Childhood Lead 

Poisoning. These grants are available to a wide range of applicants, including state and 

local governments, Federally-recognized Indian tribes and intertribal consortia, 

territories, institutions of higher learning, and nonprofit organizations. In addition, EPA 

will continue a grant program initiated in FY 2007 which focuses on low-income 

69
Categorical Grants 

communities through grants to national organizations engaged in working with these 

communities. This grant program is designed to help national and community 

organizations reach under-served populations that may have a disproportionate number 

of children with elevated blood lead levels. 

Pollution Prevention Grants 

The FY 2010 request includes $4.9 million for Pollution Prevention grants. The program 

provides grant funds to deliver technical assistance to small and medium-sized 

businesses. The goal is to assist businesses and industries with identifying improved 

environmental strategies and solutions for reducing waste at the source. The program 

demonstrates that source reduction can be a cost-effective way of meeting or exceeding 

Federal and state regulatory requirements. In FY 2010, EPA is targeting a reduction of 

522 million pounds of hazardous materials, 1.795 billion gallons of water conserved, 

$300 million saved through reduction in pollution, 5 million Metric Tons of Carbon 

Dioxide Equivalent (MTCO2e) reduced, conserved or offset and 8,000 billion BTUs 

conserved.

Environmental Information Grants 

In FY 2010, EPA requests $10.0 million to continue the Environmental Information 

Exchange Network (Exchange Network) grant program. Started in 2002, the Exchange 

Network grant program provides states, territories, and tribes with assistance 

developing the information management and technology (IM/IT) capabilities they need 

to take full advantage of the potential benefits provided by the Exchange Network. 

Enhancing and expanding the Network improves environmental decision making and 

improves data quality, timeliness and accessibility while reducing the burden on those 

who provide it. Now that all 50 states, seven tribes, and one territory have nodes, the 

emphasis in FY 2009 has shifted from building-out IT infrastructure to upgrading 

technology and expanding environmental information management and exchange. 

Exchange Network grants also support the work of the Environmental Council of the 

States and the National Congress of American Indians, both of which are 

representatives of their respective environmental communities as well as conveners and 

information disseminators.

State and Tribal Underground Storage Tanks Program 

The FY 2010 request includes $2.5 million for Underground Storage Tank (UST) grants. 

In FY 2010, EPA will make grants to states under Section 2007 of the Solid Waste 

Disposal Act, available to support core program activities as well as the leak prevention 

activities under Title XV, Subtitle B of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct). 

In FY 2010, EPA will continue to focus attention on the need to bring all UST systems 

into compliance with release detection and release prevention requirements, and 

implement the provisions of EPAct. States will continue to use the UST categorical grant 

funding to implement their leak prevention and detection programs. Specifically with 

70
Categorical Grants 

these UST categorical grants, states will fund such activities as: Seeking state program 

approval to operate the UST program in lieu of the Federal program, approving specific 

technologies to detect leaks from tanks, ensuring that tank owners and operators are 

complying with notification and other requirements, ensuring equipment compatibility,

conducting inspections, implementing operator training, prohibiting delivery for noncomplying facilities, and requiring secondary containment or financial responsibility for 

tank manufacturers and installers.

Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance Grants 

In FY 2010, EPA requests $106.3 million for Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance 

grants. Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance grants are used for the implementation 

of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous waste program, 

which includes permitting, authorization, waste minimization, enforcement, and 

corrective action activities. In FY 2010, EPA expects to increase the number of 

hazardous waste facilities with new or updated controls to prevent releases by 100 

facilities.

By the end of FY 2010, EPA and the authorized states also will control human 

exposures to contamination at more than 90 RCRA corrective action facilities (from the 

2020 universe of 3,746). Controlling migration of contaminated groundwater at more 

than 90 of these facilities and completing the construction of final remedies at more than 

110 of these facilities also are targeted for FY 2010. 

Brownfields Grants 

In FY 2010, EPA requests $49.5 million to continue the Brownfields grant program that 

provides assistance to states and tribes to develop and enhance their state and Tribal 

response programs. This funding will help states and tribes develop legislation, 

regulations, procedures, and guidance, to establish or enhance the administrative and 

legal structure of their response programs. In addition, grant funding will support 

technical outreach to address environmental justice issues and Brownfields research. 

Water Pollution Control (Clean Water Act Section 106) Grants 

The FY 2010 EPA request includes $229.3 million for Water Pollution Control grants. 

These funds assist state and Tribal efforts to restore and maintain the quality of the 

Nation’s water quality standards, improving water quality monitoring and assessment, 

implementing Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) and other watershed-related plans, 

strengthening the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit 

program, implementing practices to reduce pollution from all nonpoint sources, and 

supporting sustainable water infrastructure. EPA will work with states to implement the 

new rules governing discharges from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations 

(CAFOs). States and authorized tribes will continue to review and update their water 

quality standards as required by the Clean Water Act. EPA encourages states to 

continually review and update the water quality criteria in their standards to reflect the 

71
Categorical Grants 

latest scientific information from EPA and other sources. EPA’s goal for FY 2010 is that 

66 percent of states will have updated their standards to reflect the latest scientific 

information in the past three years. In FY 2010, $18.5 million will be designated for 

states and tribes that participate in collecting statistically valid water monitoring data and 

implement enhancements in their water monitoring programs.

Wetlands Grants 

In FY 2010, the request includes $16.8 million for Wetlands Program grants. Through 

Wetlands Program Development Grants, states, tribes, and local governments receive 

technical and financial assistance. These grants support development of state and 

Tribal wetland programs that further the goals of the CWA and improve water quality in 

watersheds throughout the country. 

Public Water System Supervision Grants 

In FY 2010, EPA requests $105.7 million for Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) 

grants. These grants provide assistance to implement and enforce National Primary 

Drinking Water Regulations to ensure the safety of the Nation's drinking water 

resources and to protect public health. In FY 2010, the Agency will emphasize that states 

use their PWSS funds to ensure that drinking water systems of all sizes achieve or remain 

in compliance and drinking water systems of all sizes are meeting new and existing 

regulatory requirements, e.g., Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and 

Ground Water Rule. 

Tribal General Assistance Program Grants 

In FY 2010, EPA’s request includes $62.9 million for the Tribal General Assistance 

Program (GAP) to help Federally-recognized tribes and intertribal consortia develop, 

implement and assume environmental programs. In FY 2010, 100 percent of Federallyrecognized tribes and intertribal consortia, 572 eligible entities, will have access to an 

environmental presence. 

Underground Injection Control (UIC) Grants 

The FY 2010, EPA requests $10.9 million for the Underground Injection Control grants 

program. Ensuring safe underground injection of waste materials is a fundamental 

component of a comprehensive source water protection program. Grants are provided to 

states that have primary enforcement authority (primacy) to implement and maintain UIC 

programs. EPA and the states will continue to address Classes I, II, and III existing 

wells determined to be in significant violation and Class V wells determined to be in 

violation in FY 2010. EPA and the states also will close or permit Motor Vehicle Waste 

Disposal wells (Class V) identified during FY 2010. In addition, states and EPA will 

process UIC permit applications for experimental carbon sequestration projects and 

gather information from these pilots to facilitate the permitting of large scale commercial 

carbon sequestration in the future.

72
Categorical Grants 

BEACH Act Grants 

The FY 2010 request includes $9.9 million for the 35 states and territories with Great 

Lakes or coastal shorelines to protect public health at the Nation's beaches. The 

Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health Act (BEACH Act) of October 

2000 authorizes EPA to award grants to help eligible states and territories develop and 

implement beach bacteria monitoring and notification programs. These programs 

inform the public about the risk of exposure to disease-causing microorganisms in 

coastal waters (including the Great Lakes). 

Non-Point Source Program Grants (NPS – Clean Water Act Section 319) 

In FY 2010, EPA requests $200.9 million for Nonpoint Source Program grants to states, 

territories, and tribes. These grants enable states to use a range of tools to implement 

their programs including: both non-regulatory and regulatory programs, technical 

assistance, financial assistance, education, training, technology transfer, and 

demonstration projects. The request also eliminates the statutory one-third of onepercent cap on Clean Water Act Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution grants that may 

be awarded to tribes. EPA’s goal is to reduce annually the amount of runoff of 

phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment through 319-funded projects by 4.5 million pounds, 

8.5 million pounds, and 700,000 tons, respectively. 

73
74
SRF Obligations by State

Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) Resources 

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) Resources 

State-by-State distribution of Actual and Estimated Obligations

Fiscal Years 2008 to 2010 – Dollars in Thousands 

The following tables show state-by-state distribution of resources for EPA’s two 

largest State and Tribal Grant Programs, the Clean Water State Revolving Fund 

and the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. These tables do not reflect total 

resources that EPA provides to individual states. 

75
SRF Obligations by State

Infrastructure Assistance: 

Clean Water State Revolving Fund (SRF)

(Dollars in Thousands) 

FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2009 FY 2010 

STATE

ACT.

OBLIG.

EST.

OBLIG.

ARRA EST. 

OBLIG.

EST.

OBLIG.

Alabama $7,685.9 $7,685.9 $44,264.2 $26,306.0

Alaska $10,584.1 $4,113.8 $23,691.9 $14,080.0

American Samoa $200.0 $617.1 $3,554.0 $12,554.0

Arizona $7,294.8 $4,642.5 $26,737.0 $15,890.0

Arkansas $4,596.4 $4,496.4 $25,895.5 $15,389.0

California $50,847.2 $49,159.3 $283,116.5 $168,254.0

Colorado $5,499.1 $5,498.2 $31,664.8 $18,818.0

Connecticut $21,537.4 $8,420.5 $48,495.3 $28,820.0

Delaware $3,374.3 $3,374.3 $19,433.4 $11,549.0

District of Columbia $9,105.6 $3,374.3 $19,433.4 $11,549.0

Florida $23,201.8 $23,201.9 $133,622.6 $79,411.0

Georgia $11,621.6 $11,621.6 $66,930.6 $39,776.0

Guam $200.0 $446.5 $2,571.5 $9,084.0

Hawaii $13,608.4 $5,323.5 $30,658.9 $18,220.0

Idaho $3,374.3 $3,374.3 $19,433.4 $11,549.0

Illinois $31,575.7 $31,086.7 $179,033.4 $106,398.0

Indiana $16,629.7 $16,565.2 $95,401.5 $56,696.0

Iowa $14,639.4 $9,302.7 $53,575.8 $31,840.0

Kansas $6,305.0 $6,204.3 $35,731.5 $21,235.0

Kentucky $22,370.0 $8,748.1 $50,381.9 $29,942.0

Louisiana $11,865.6 $7,556.1 $43,516.6 $25,862.0

Maine $5,320.8 $5,320.8 $30,643.2 $18,211.0

Maryland $16,624.3 $16,624.3 $95,742.0 $56,899.0

Massachusetts $23,337.0 $23,337.1 $134,401.2 $79,874.0

Michigan $29,580.0 $29,554.8 $170,211.1 $101,155.0

Minnesota $12,633.5 $12,633.5 $72,758.6 $43,240.0

Mississippi $6,192.7 $6,192.7 $35,665.0 $21,195.0

Missouri $29,689.5 $19,054.3 $109,739.2 $65,217.0

Montana $3,374.3 $3,374.3 $19,433.4 $11,549.0

Nebraska $3,515.7 $3,515.7 $20,247.5 $12,033.0

Nevada $3,374.3 $3,374.3 $19,433.4 $11,549.0

New Hampshire $10,803.8 $6,869.0 $39,559.5 $23,510.0

New Jersey $28,088.1 $28,088.2 $161,764.5 $96,135.0

New Mexico $6,078.3 $3,374.3 $19,433.4 $11,549.0

New York $75,866.9 $75,867.7 $436,933.3 $259,668.0

North Carolina $12,405.3 $12,405.2 $71,443.5 $42,458.0

North Dakota $100.0 $3,374.3 $19,433.4 $11,549.0

Northern Mariana Islands $200.0 $286.8 $1,651.7 $5,835.0

Ohio $387.0 $38,695.5 $222,851.9 $132,439.0

Oklahoma $14,087.4 $5,553.2 $31,981.9 $19,007.0

Oregon $19,877.4 $7,764.7 $44,718.2 $26,576.0

Pennsylvania $69,742.7 $27,227.2 $156,805.6 $93,188.0

Puerto Rico $14,074.8 $8,964.9 $51,630.5 $30,684.0

Rhode Island $11,774.5 $4,615.3 $26,580.4 $15,797.0

South Carolina $7,041.6 $7,041.6 $40,553.7 $24,101.0

South Dakota $3,374.3 $3,374.3 $19,433.4 $11,549.0

Tennessee $9,985.0 $9,985.0 $57,505.5 $34,175.0

Texas $61,878.5 $31,416.0 $180,931.6 $107,526.0

Utah $9,218.0 $3,621.6 $20,858.6 $12,396.0

Vermont $5,307.3 $3,374.3 $19,433.4 $11,549.0

Virgin Islands, U.S. $1,083.8 $358.2 $2,062.7 $7,286.0

Virginia $14,154.2 $14,066.9 $81,013.4 $48,146.0

Washington $12,087.5 $11,953.2 $68,840.5 $40,911.0

West Virginia $10,804.5 $10,715.0 $61,709.2 $36,673.0

Wisconsin $18,582.4 $18,582.3 $107,018.5 $63,600.0

Wyoming $3,374.3 $3,374.3 $19,433.4 $11,549.0

Tribal Resources $5,414.9 $10,336.0 $60,000.0 $48,000.0

TOTAL: $835,550.9 $689,080.0 $3,969,000.0 $2,400,000.0

Note: The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 also included $31 million in Management and 

Oversight (M&O) resources which were not allocated to a particular state or tribe. Adding the $31 million in M&O funds, to 

the $3,969 million total shown equals the $4 billion ARRA appropriation. 

76
SRF Obligations by State

Infrastructure Assistance: 

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (SRF) 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2009 FY 2010 

STATE

ACT.

OBLIG.

EST.

OBLIG.

ARRA EST. 

OBLIG.

EST.

OBLIG.

Alabama $8,146.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $18,196.0

Alaska $16,375.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

American Samoa $180.0 $0.0 $483.0 $0.0

Arizona $24,157.2 $23,118.0 $55,340.0 $29,483.0

Arkansas $10,333.0 $10,229.0 $24,485.0 $22,215.0

California $69,552.8 $66,424.0 $159,008.0 $137,318.0

Colorado $14,350.0 $14,350.0 $34,352.0 $26,038.0

Connecticut $16,375.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

Delaware $14,234.7 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

District of Columbia $14,156.8 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

Florida $42,097.2 $36,792.0 $88,074.0 $47,932.0

Georgia $22,882.0 $22,882.0 $54,775.0 $34,688.0

Guam $1,629.9 $0.0 $2,124.0 $0.0

Hawaii $8,229.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

Idaho $8,146.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

Illinois $33,226.0 $33,226.0 $79,538.0 $55,411.0

Indiana $11,467.0 $11,367.0 $27,212.0 $24,485.0

Iowa $10,387.0 $10,148.0 $24,293.0 $25,060.0

Kansas $8,146.8 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $17,960.0

Kentucky $17,173.0 $8,543.0 $20,450.0 $21,191.0

Louisiana $11,540.0 $11,540.0 $27,626.0 $27,742.0

Maine $8,146.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

Maryland $8,182.6 $11,209.0 $26,832.0 $22,777.0

Massachusetts $21,813.0 $21,813.0 $52,216.0 $27,367.0

Michigan $28,178.0 $28,178.0 $67,454.0 $44,591.0

Minnesota $14,667.0 $14,667.0 $35,110.0 $24,635.0

Mississippi $8,146.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $15,278.0

Missouri $16,024.4 $15,816.0 $37,862.0 $28,375.0

Montana $8,146.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

Nebraska $8,315.7 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

Nevada $8,146.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

New Hampshire $8,229.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

New Jersey $18,027.0 $18,027.0 $43,154.0 $31,361.0

New Mexico $8,229.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

New York $36,265.0 $36,265.0 $86,811.0 $96,724.0

North Carolina $27,695.0 $27,414.0 $65,625.0 $38,497.0

North Dakota $8,146.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

Northern Mariana Islands $350.1 $0.0 $1,829.0 $0.0

Ohio $24,421.0 $24,421.0 $58,460.0 $47,168.0

Oklahoma $13,600.2 $13,151.0 $31,481.0 $18,239.0

Oregon $0.0 $11,912.0 $28,515.0 $14,680.0

Pennsylvania $28,821.4 $27,437.0 $65,681.0 $43,011.0

Puerto Rico $16,375.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

Rhode Island $8,229.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

South Carolina $8,146.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

South Dakota $8,146.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

Tennessee $8,454.0 $8,454.0 $20,238.0 $16,315.0

Texas $134,890.1 $67,112.0 $160,656.0 $93,293.0

Utah $8,146.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

Vermont $1,868.2 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

Virgin Islands, U.S. $2,547.8 $0.0 $1,999.0 $0.0

Virginia $9,841.1 $8,673.0 $20,761.0 $24,885.0

Washington $35,107.0 $17,464.0 $41,806.0 $37,477.0

West Virginia $8,229.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

Wisconsin $15,770.0 $15,770.0 $37,750.0 $25,308.0

Wyoming $8,146.0 $8,146.0 $19,500.0 $14,680.0

Tribal Resources $7,279.9 $14,435.0 $30,000.0 $0.0

Undistributed National Resources $2,461.0 $2,688.0 $0.0 $54,020.0

TOTAL: $949,968.9 $829,029.0 $1,980,000.0 $1,500,000.0

Note: The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 also included $20 million in Management and 

Oversight (M&O) resources which were not allocated to a particular state or tribe. Adding the $20 million in M&O funds to 

the $1,980 million total shown equals the $2 billion ARRA appropriation. 

77
78
Infrastructure Financing 

Infrastructure / STAG Project Financing 

(Dollars in Millions) 

Type / Grant 

FY 2009 

Enacted

FY 2010 

PresBud

Delta

FY 10 PB - 

FY09 EN 

 Clean Water State Revolving Fund $689,080 $2,400,000 $1,710,920

 Drinking Water State Revolving Fund $829,029 $1,500,000 $670,971

State Revolving Funds $1,518,109 $3,900,000 $2,381,891

 Mexico Border $20,000 $10,000 -$10,000

 Alaska Native Villages $18,500 $10,000 -$8,500

Special Needs Projects $38,500 $20,000 -$18,500

Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant 

Program* $60,000 $60,000 $0

 

California Emission Reduction Project 

Grants $15,000 $0 -$15,000

Brownfields Projects $97,000 $100,000 $3,000

Specified Infrastructure Grants $145,000 $0 -$145,000

Infrastructure Assistance Total $1,873,609 $4,080,000 $2,206,391

Tar Creek, Oklahoma $0 $0 $0

 Hunter’s Point, California $8,000 $0 -$8,000

Total: Infrastructure Assistance + 

Specified Infrastructure Grants for 

Tar Creek and Hunter’s Point $1,881,609 $4,080,000 $2,198,391

* Formerly the Clean School Bus 

Initiative. 

Infrastructure and Special Projects Funds 

The 2010 President’s Budget includes an unprecedented total of $4.1 billion for EPA’s 

Infrastructure programs in the State and Tribal Assistance Grant (STAG) account. 

Approximately $3.91 billion will support EPA’s Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water; $110 

million will support EPA’s Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems; and $60 

million will support Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change. 

79
Infrastructure Financing 

Infrastructure and targeted projects funding under the STAG appropriation provides 

financial assistance to states, municipalities, interstates, and Tribal governments to fund 

a variety of drinking water, wastewater, air and Brownfields environmental projects. 

These funds are essential to fulfill the Federal government’s commitment to help our 

state, Tribal and local partners obtain adequate funding to construct the facilities 

required to comply with Federal environmental requirements and ensure public health 

and revitalize contaminated properties. 

Providing STAG funds to capitalize State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs, EPA works 

in partnership with the states to provide low-cost loans to municipalities for infrastructure 

construction. All drinking water and wastewater projects are funded based on national 

priority lists. Through SRF set-asides, grants are available to Indian tribes and US 

territories for infrastructure projects. Grants also are available to Alaskan Rural and 

Native Villages for drinking water and wastewater infrastructure needs. The Brownfields 

Environmental Program provides states, tribes, and political subdivisions (including 

cities, towns, and counties) the necessary tools, information, and strategies for 

promoting a unified approach to environmental assessment, cleanup, characterization, 

and redevelopment at sites contaminated with hazardous wastes and petroleum 

contaminants.

The resources included in this budget will enable the Agency, in conjunction with EPA’s 

state, local, and Tribal partners, to achieve several important goals for 2010. Some of 

these goals include: 

- 90 percent of the population served by community water systems will receive 

drinking water meeting all health-based standards. 

- Award 225 assessment, cleanup, and revolving loan fund (RLF) grants under the 

Brownfields program, bringing the cumulative total awarded to more than 2,400 

by the end of FY 2010 and paving the way for productive reuse of these 

properties. Brownfields grantees will also leverage 5,000 cleanup and 

redevelopment jobs and $900 million in cleanup and redevelopment funding. 

Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change

Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program

In FY 2010, EPA will support the National Clean Diesel program, authorized in Sections 

791-797 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. This program focuses on reducing 

particulate matter (PM) by up to 95 percent from existing diesel engines, including onhighway and non-road equipment and reducing other, smog-forming emissions such as 

nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. Five sectors are targeted for reduction: freight, 

construction, school buses, agriculture, and ports. Grants will be provided to eligible 

entities in areas of the country that are not meeting ambient air quality standards. This 

program will help provide immediate reductions by retrofitting the engines with emission 

control technologies sooner than would otherwise occur through normal turnover of the 

80
Infrastructure Financing 

fleet because these engines often remain in service for 20 or more years. EPA will 

issue and manage various categories of Diesel Emission Reduction grants: 

70 percent of the total funding available will be used to establish competitive 

National Clean Diesel Campaign (NCDC) grants: 

to directly fund and/or finance retrofits, rebuilds, and replacement 

as well as fuel switching and fuel efficiency measures associated 

with diesel trucks, ships, school buses and other diesel equipment; 

up to 10 percent of those funds will be used to establish grants to 

advance emerging diesel emission reduction technologies, with a 

focus on new technologies applicable to ocean-going vessels, 

harbor craft, and goods movement; and

competitive grants will be established to help qualifying entities 

(states, local governments, ports etc) create innovative finance 

programs that provide low cost, flexible loans for the purchase of 

new and cleaner used equipment, as recommended by the 

Agency’s Environmental Finance Advisory Board (EFAB). 

30 percent of the total funding available will be used in formula grants to states to 

implement state diesel emission reduction programs defined under the DERA. 

Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water

Capitalizing Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds 

The Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs demonstrate a 

true partnership between states, localities and the Federal government. These 

programs provide Federal financial assistance to states, localities, and Tribal 

governments to protect the nation’s water resources by providing funds for the 

construction of drinking water and wastewater treatment facilities. The state revolving 

funds are two important elements of the nation’s substantial investment in sewage 

treatment and drinking water systems, which provides Americans with significant 

benefits in the form of reduced water pollution and safe drinking water. 

EPA will continue to provide financial assistance for wastewater and other water 

projects through the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). CWSRF projects 

include nonpoint source, estuary, storm water, and sewer overflow projects. The 

dramatic progress made in improving the quality of wastewater treatment since the 

1970s is a national success. In 1972, only 84 million people were served by secondary 

or advanced wastewater treatment facilities. Today, 99.76 percent of community 

wastewater treatment plants, serving 219.5 million people, use secondary treatment or 

better. Water infrastructure projects supported by the program contribute to direct 

ecosystem improvements by lowering the amount of nutrients and toxic pollutants in all 

types of surface waters. While great progress has been made, many rivers, lakes and 

ocean/coastal areas still suffer an enormous influx of pollutants after heavy rains. The 

81
Infrastructure Financing 

contaminants result in beach closures, infect fish and degrade the ability of the 

watersheds to sustain a healthy ecosystem. 

The FY 2010 request includes $2.4 billion in funding for the CWSRF. Approximately 

$27 billion has been provided to date to capitalize the CWSRF. Total CWSRF funding 

available for loans since 1988 through June 2008, reflecting loan repayments, state 

match dollars, and other funding sources, exceeds $70 billion.

Since its inception in 1997, the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) program 

has made available $16.2 billion to finance 5,955 infrastructure improvement projects 

nationwide, with a return of $1.94 for every $1 of Federal funds invested. As of June 

30, 2008, $9.0 billion in capitalization grants have been awarded, amounting to 

loans/assistance of $14.6 billion. The DWSRF will help offset the costs of ensuring safe 

drinking water supplies and assisting small communities in meeting their 

responsibilities.

Set-Asides for Tribes and Territories: To improve public health and water quality on 

Tribal lands, the Agency is requesting increases to the Tribal set asides in the CWSRF 

and DWSRF from 1.5 percent to up to 2 percent. Through this program, EPA 

contributes to this goal which will provide for the development of sanitation facilities for 

tribes and Alaska Native Villages. EPA is also requesting an increase to the SRF set 

aside for territories from 0.25 percent to up to 1.5 percent for the CWSRF and from 0.33 

percent for the DWSRF to up to 1.5 percent. The 2002 World Summit in Johannesburg 

adopted the goal of reducing the number of people lacking access to basic sanitation by 

50 percent by 2015.

Alaska Native Villages 

The President’s Budget provides $10 million for Alaska native villages for the 

construction of wastewater and drinking water facilities to address serious sanitation 

problems. EPA will continue to work with the Department of Health and Human 

Services’ Indian Health Service, the State of Alaska, the Alaska Native Tribal Health 

Council, and local communities to provide needed financial and technical assistance. 

Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems

Brownfields Environmental Projects

The President’s Budget includes $100 million for Brownfields environmental projects. 

EPA will award grants for assessment activities, cleanup, and revolving loan funds 

(RLF). Additionally, this includes cleanup of sites contaminated by petroleum or 

petroleum products and environmental job training grants. In FY 2010, the funding 

provided will result in the assessment of 1,000 Brownfields properties. Using EPA grant 

dollars, the Brownfields grantees will leverage 5,000 cleanup and redevelopment jobs 

and $900 million in cleanup and redevelopment funding. 

82
Infrastructure Financing 

Mexico Border 

The President’s Budget includes a total of $10 million for water infrastructure projects 

along the U.S.-Mexico Border. The goal of this program is to reduce environmental and 

human health risks along the U.S.-Mexico Border. EPA’s U.S.-Mexico Border program 

provides funds to support the planning, design and construction of high priority water 

and wastewater treatment projects along the border. The Agency’s goal is to provide 

protection of people in the U.S.-Mexico border area from health risks by connecting 

homes to potable water supply and wastewater collection and treatment systems. 

83
84
Trust Funds 

Trust Funds 

(Dollars in Millions) 

FY 2009 

Enacted

Budget1

FY 2010 

President’s

Budget1

$ FTE $ FTE 

Superfund $1,249 3,032 $1,272 3,018

Inspector General (Transfers) $10 60 $10 66

Research & Development 

(Transfers) $26 110 $27 110

Superfund Total $1,285 3,202 $1,309 3,193

Base Realignment and Closure2 $0 76 $0 65

LUST3 $113 75 $113 75

Trust Funds Total: $1,398 3,277 $1,422 3,269

1 Totals may not add due to rounding. 2

 Funding for reimbursable FTE provided by the Department of Defense via an Interagency Agreement.

3

 EPAct Grants for Prevention activities are included in the FY 2009 Enacted and FY 2010 President’s 

Budget.

Superfund

In FY 2010, the President’s Budget requests a total of $1,309 million in discretionary 

budget authority and 3,193 total workyears for Superfund. Currently, 95 percent of the 

1,5961

 sites on the Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) are either undergoing 

cleanup construction, are completed, or are deleted. 

Of the total funding requested for Superfund, $856 million and 1,415 total workyears are 

for Superfund cleanups. The Agency’s Superfund cleanup program addresses public 

health and environmental threats from uncontrolled releases of hazardous substances.

The Agency expects to demonstrate significant progress in reducing risks to human 

health and the environment. In FY 2010, EPA and its partners anticipate completing 

construction activities at 22 Superfund NPL sites to achieve the overall goal of 1,102 

total construction completions by the end of FY 2010. 

The Agency works with several Federal agencies that provide essential services in 

areas where the Agency does not possess the specialized expertise. In FY 2010, other 

Federal agencies, including the United States Coast Guard, the National Oceanic and 

1

 This number reflects the final and deleted NPL sites as of April 12, 2009. 

85
Trust Funds 

Atmospheric Administration, and the Department of the Interior, will provide support to 

the Agency for Superfund cleanups. 

Of the total funding requested, $199 million and 1,089 total workyears are for Superfund 

enforcement related activities. One of the Superfund program’s primary goals is to have 

responsible parties pay for and conduct cleanups at abandoned or uncontrolled 

hazardous waste sites. The program focuses on maximizing all aspects of Potentially 

Responsible Party (PRP) participation; including reaching a settlement with or taking an 

enforcement action by the time of a Remedial Action start at 95 percent of non-Federal 

Facility Superfund sites.

The Agency has also been encouraging the establishment and use of Special Accounts, 

which provide EPA with the ability to clean up sites using funds provided by responsible 

parties. At sites with multiple PRPs, funds recovered from individual responsible parties 

and placed in special accounts can be provided to other PRP(s) as an incentive to 

perform cleanup work they might not be willing to perform, or used by the agency to 

fund cleanup. The result is the Agency can preserve appropriated Trust Fund dollars 

for other sites where there are no viable PRPs. Where PRP negotiations and previous 

enforcement actions fail, EPA uses its appropriation to cleanup sites and then seeks to 

recover those costs from PRPs. 

The FY 2010 President’s Budget also includes resources supporting Agencywide 

resource management and control functions. This includes essential infrastructure, 

contract and grant administration, and financial accounting and other fiscal operations.

In addition, the Agency provides funds for Superfund program research and auditing. 

The President’s Budget requests $27 million and 110 total workyears to be transferred 

to Research and Development. Research will enable EPA’s Superfund program to 

accelerate scientifically defensible and cost-effective decisions for cleanup at complex 

contaminated Superfund sites. The Superfund research program is driven by program 

office needs to reduce the cost of cleaning up Superfund sites, improve the efficiency of 

characterizing and remediating sites, and reduce the scientific uncertainties for 

improved decision-making at Superfund sites. The President’s Budget also requests 

$10 million and 66 total workyears to be transferred to the Inspector General for 

program auditing. 

The Superfund taxes on petroleum, chemical feedstock and corporate environmental 

income expired in 1995. The Superfund taxes will be proposed for reinstatement to 

generate a revenue level of over $1 billion beginning in January 2011 to over $2 billion 

annually by 2019. The revenues will be placed in the Superfund Trust Fund and would 

be available for appropriation from Congress to support the clean up of the Nation’s 

most contaminated sites within the Superfund program. 

86
Trust Funds 

Base Realignment and Closure Act

The FY 2010 President’s Budget requests 65 reimbursable workyears to conduct the 

Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) program (BRAC I-IV). EPA’s participation in 

the first four rounds of BRAC has been funded by an interagency agreement which 

expires on September 30, 2011. Since 1993, EPA has worked with the Department of 

Defense (DOD) and the states’ environmental programs to make property 

environmentally acceptable for transfer, while protecting human health and the 

environment at realigning or closing military installations. Between 1988 and 2005, over 

500 major military installations representing the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Defense 

Logistics Agency have been slated for realignment or closure. Under the first four 

rounds of BRAC (BRAC I-IV), 107 of those sites were identified as requiring accelerated 

cleanup. EPA has participated in the acceleration process of the first four rounds of 

BRAC The accelerated cleanup process strives to make parcels available for reuse as 

quickly as possible, by transfer of uncontaminated or remediated parcels, lease of 

contaminated parcels where cleanup is underway, or “early transfer” of contaminated 

property undergoing cleanup. Seventy-two Federal facilities currently listed on the NPL 

were identified under the fifth round of BRAC (BRAC V) as closing, realigning, or 

gaining personnel. 

The FY 2010 request does not include support for BRAC-related services to DOD at 

BRAC V facilities. If EPA services are required at levels above its base for BRAC V 

installations, the Agency will require reimbursement from DOD for the costs the Agency 

incurs to provide those additional services.

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks 

The FY 2010 President’s Budget requests $113 million and 75 total workyears for the 

Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program. The Agency, working with states 

and tribes, addresses public health and environmental threats from releases through 

prevention as well as cleanup. Not less than 80 percent of LUST appropriated funds will 

be used in cooperative agreements for states and tribes to carry out specific purposes. 

EPA will continue to work with the states to achieve more cleanups completed each 

year, and reduce the backlog of 103,000 cleanups not yet completed. Since the 

beginning of the Underground Storage Tank (UST) program, EPA has cleaned up 

almost 80 percent (or 377,019) of all reported releases. In FY 2010, the LUST program 

will achieve 30 cleanups in Indian Country that meet risk-based standards for human 

exposure and groundwater migration.

87
88
Acronyms 

Environmental Protection Agency 

List of Acronyms

AA Assistant Administrator 

ACE/ITDS Automated Commercial Environment/International Trade Data System 

ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution 

ARA Assistant Regional Administrator 

ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 

ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

B&F Buildings and Facilities 

CAA Clean Air Act 

CAFO Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations 

CAIR Clean Air Allowance Trading Program 

CARE Community Action for a Renewed Environment 

CAP Clean Air Partnership Fund 

CBEP Community-Based Environmental Protection 

CBP Customs and Border Protection 

CCAP Climate Change Action Plan 

CCTI Climate Change Technology Initiative 

CEIS Center for Environmental Information and Statistics 

CFO Chief Financial Officer 

CG Categorical Grant 

CSI Common Sense Initiative 

CSO Combined Sewer Overflows 

CWA Clean Water Act 

CWAP Clean Water Action Plan 

DBP Disinfectant By Products 

DfE Design for the Environment 

DFAS Defense Finance and Accounting System 

EDP Environmental Leadership Project 

EJ Environmental Justice 

EISA Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 

EPAct Energy Policy Act of 2005 

EPCRA Emergency Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know Act 

EPM Environmental Programs and Management 

EN Enacted (Budget) 

ERRS Emergency Rapid Response Services 

ESC Executive Steering Committee 

ETI Environmental Technology Initiative 

ETV Environmental Technology Verification 

FAN Fixed Account Numbers 

FCO Funds Certifying Officer 

FASAB Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board 

FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act 

FMFIA Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act 

FSMP Financial System Modernization Project 

FQPA Food Quality Protection Act 

89
Acronyms 

FTE Full-Time Equivalent 

GAPG General Assistance Program Grants 

GHG Greenhouse Gas 

GPRA Government Performance and Results Act 

HSWA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 

HPV High Production Volume 

HS Homeland Security 

HWIR Hazardous Waste Identification Media and Process Rules 

IAG Interagency Agreements 

ICR Information Collection Rule 

IFMS Integrated Financial Management System 

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 

IRM Information Resource Management 

ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act 

ITMRA Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1995-AKA Clinger/Cohen Act 

LUST Leaking Underground Storage Tanks 

MACT Maximum Achievable Control Technology 

M&O Management and Oversight 

NAAQs National Ambient Air Quality Standards 

NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement 

NAPA National Academy of Public Administration 

NAS National Academy of Science 

NATA National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment 

NCDC National Clean Diesel Campaign 

NDPD National Data Processing Division 

NEP National Estuary Program 

NEPPS National Environmental Performance Partnership System 

NESHAP National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants 

NIPP National Infrastructure Protection Plan 

NOA New Obligation Authority 

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 

NPDWRs National Primary Drinking Water Regulations 

NPL National Priority List 

NPM National Program Manager 

NPR National Performance Review 

NPS Non-Point Source 

OAM Office of Acquisition Management 

OA Office of the Administrator 

OAR Office of Air and Radiation 

OARM Office of Administration and Resources Management 

OCFO Office of the Chief Financial Officer 

OCHP Office of Children’s Health Protection 

OECA Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance 

OEI Office of Environmental Information 

OERR Office of Emergency and Remedial Response 

OFA Other Federal Agencies 

OFPP Office of Federal Procurement Policy 

OGC Office of the General Counsel 

90
Acronyms 

OIA Office of International Affairs 

OIG Office of the Inspector General 

OMTR Open Market Trading Rule 

OPAA Office of Planning, Analysis and Accountability 

OPPTS Office of Pesticides, Prevention and Toxic Substances 

ORD Office of Research and Development 

OSWER Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response 

OTAG Ozone Transport Advisory Group 

OW Office of Water 

PB President’s Budget 

PBTs Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxics 

PC&B Personnel, Compensation and Benefits 

PM Particulate Matter 

PNGV Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles 

POTWs Publicly Owned Treatment Works 

PPG Performance Partnership Grants 

PRC Program Results Code 

PWSS Public Water System Supervision 

RC Responsibility Center 

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 

RGI Regional Geographic Initiative 

RMP Risk Management Plan 

RPIO Responsible Planning Implementation Office 

RR Reprogramming Request 

RWTA Rural Water Technical Assistance 

S&T Science and Technology 

SALC Sub-allocation (level) 

SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorizations Act of 1986 

SBO Senior Budget Officer 

SBREFA Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act 

SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act 

SDWIS Safe Drinking Water Information System 

SITE Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation 

SLC Senior Leadership Council 

SRF State Revolving Fund 

SRO Senior Resource Official 

STAG State and Tribal Assistance Grants 

STORS Sludge-to-Oil-Reactor 

SWP Source Water Protection 

SWTR Surface Water Treatment Rule 

TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load 

TRI Toxic Release Inventory 

TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act 

UIC Underground Injection Control 

UST Underground Storage Tanks 

WCF Working Capital Fund 

WIF Water Infrastructure Funds 

WIPP Waste Isolation Pilot Project 

WSI Water Security Initiative 

91
92

United States Environmental Protection Agency

www.epa.gov