OFFICE OF APPLIED STUDIES

National Household Survey on Drug Abuse:

Population Estimates 1998

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 
ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This publication was developed for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services

Administration (SAMHSA), Office of Applied Studies (OAS), by the Research Triangle Institute

(RTI), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, under Contract No. 283-97-9007. Significant

contributors at RTI include Teresa R. Davis, Brenda K. Porter, Lisa E. Packer, David C. Heller,

Richard S. Straw, and Tom Virag (Project Director). Significant contributors at SAMHSA

include Janet Greenblatt, Joseph Gfroerer, and Joseph Gustin (Project Officer).

PUBLIC DOMAIN NOTICE

All material appearing in this volume is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied

without permission from SAMHSA. Citation of the source is appreciated.

OBTAINING ADDITIONAL COPIES OF PUBLICATION

Copies may be obtained, free of charge, from the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug

Information (NCADI), a service of SAMHSA. Write or call NCADI at the following:

National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information 

P.O. Box 2345

Rockville, MD 20847-2345

(301) 468-2600 1-800-729-6686 TDD 1-800-487-4889

INTERNET ACCESS TO PUBLICATION

This publication can be accessed electronically through the World Wide Web connections listed

below: 

http://www.samhsa.gov

http://www.health.org

ORIGINATING OFFICE:

SAMHSA, OAS

5600 Fishers Lane, Room 16-105

Rockville, MD 20857

August 1999
iii

CONTENTS

Section Page

I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................ 1

SURVEY METHODOLOGY .................................................... 1

PROCEDURES FOR DERIVING POPULATION ESTIMATES ........................ 2

FORMAT AND ORGANIZATION OF THE POPULATION ESTIMATES TABLES ....... 7

CONSIDERATIONS IN INTERPRETING THE DATA ............................... 8

II. SAMPLE SIZES AND U.S. POPULATION TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

 Table 1A 1998 NHSDA Sample Sizes and U.S. Population Totals, by Age Within Gender . 13

Table 1B 1998 NHSDA Sample Sizes and U.S. Population Totals, by Gender and Age 

 Within Race/Ethnicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Table 1C 1998 NHSDA Sample Sizes and U.S. Population Totals, by Gender and Age 

 Within Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

III. ESTIMATES OF PREVALENCE OF USE OF SPECIFIC DRUGS AND DRUG 

CLASSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Any Illicit Drug (Use of one or more of the following: Marijuana, 

cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens 

(including LSD and PCP), inhalants, or nonmedical use of

psychotherapeutics):

Table 2A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Table 2B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Table 2C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Table 2D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Table 2E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Table 2F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Table 2G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Table 2H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Marijuana:

Table 3A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Table 3B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Table 3C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Table 3D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Table 3E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Table 3F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Table 3G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Table 3H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
iv

CONTENTS (cont.)

Page

Cocaine (Including crack):

Table 4A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Table 4B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Table 4C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Table 4D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Table 4E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Table 4F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Table 4G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Table 4H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Crack:

Table 5A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Table 5B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Table 5C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Table 5D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Table 5E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Table 5F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Table 5G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Table 5H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Inhalants:

Table 6A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Table 6B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Table 6C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Table 6D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Table 6E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Table 6F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Table 6G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Table 6H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Hallucinogens (Including LSD and PCP):

Table 7A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Table 7B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Table 7C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Table 7D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Table 7E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Table 7F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Table 7G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Table 7H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
v

CONTENTS (cont.)

Page

Any Psychotherapeutics (Nonmedical use of one or more of the following:

sedatives, tranquilizers, stimulants, or

analgesics):

Table 8A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Table 8B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Table 8C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Table 8D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Table 8E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Table 8F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Table 8G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Table 8H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Stimulants:

Table 9A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Table 9B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Table 9C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Table 9D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Table 9E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Table 9F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Table 9G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Table 9H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Sedatives:

Table 10A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Table 10B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Table 10C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Table 10D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Table 10E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Table 10F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Table 10G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Table 10H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Tranquilizers:

Table 11A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Table 11B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Table 11C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Table 11D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Table 11E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Table 11F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Table 11G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Table 11H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
vi

CONTENTS (cont.)

Page

Analgesics:

Table 12A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Table 12B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Table 12C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Table 12D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Table 12E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Table 12F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Table 12G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Table 12H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Alcohol:

Table 13A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Table 13B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Table 13C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Table 13D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Table 13E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Table 13F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Table 13G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Table 13H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Cigarettes:

Table 14A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Table 14B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Table 14C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Table 14D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Table 14E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Table 14F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Table 14G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Table 14H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Smokeless Tobacco:

Table 15A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Table 15B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Table 15C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Table 15D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Table 15E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Table 15F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Table 15G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Table 15H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

LSD:

Table 16 By Age, Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Region for Total Population . . . . 103

PCP:

Table 17 By Age, Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Region for Total Population . . . . 104
vii

CONTENTS (cont.)

Page

Heroin:

Table 18 By Age, Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Region for Total Population . . . . 105

Needle Use:

Table 19 By Age, Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Region for Total Population . . . . 106

IV. FREQUENCY OF DRUG USE AMONG PAST YEAR USERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Marijuana Frequency During Past Year:

Table 20A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Table 20B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Table 20C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Table 20D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Table 20E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Table 20F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Table 20G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Table 20H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Cocaine Frequency During Past Year:

Table 21A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Table 21B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Table 21C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Table 21D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Table 21E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Table 21F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Table 21G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Table 21H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Alcohol Frequency During Past Year:

Table 22A By Gender Within Age Group for Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Table 22B By Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Table 22C By Age Group and Gender for Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Table 22D By Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Table 22E By Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Table 22F By Age Group and Gender for North Central Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Table 22G By Age Group and Gender for South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Table 22H By Age Group and Gender for West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
viii
1

 See page 9 of the following: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services 

 Administration. (1995). National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Population estimates 1994

 (DHHS Publication No. SMA 95-3063). Rockville, MD: Author.

2

 For additional detailed information on the 1994 questionnaire modification and its implications, see the

 following: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 

 (1996). The development and implementation of a new data collection instrument for the 1994 National

 Household Survey on Drug Abuse (DHHS Publication No. SMA 96-3084). Rockville, MD: Author.

1

I. INTRODUCTION

The primary objective of the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) is to measure

the prevalence of use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco products, as well as the nonmedical use of

prescription drugs in the United States. The 1998 NHSDA is the eighteenth in the series, which began in

1971 and has been conducted annually since 1990. 

The Population Estimates report is published by the Office of Applied Studies (OAS) within the

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The report provides the drug

abuse prevention, treatment, and research communities, and other interested parties, with timely data on

current substance use prevalence measures. OAS issues a companion volume, the Main Findings report,

at a later date to present an expanded analysis of the data, including information on drug and alcohol use

trends; demographic correlates of use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco; patterns and problems of drug

use; and perceived harmfulness of drug use. OAS produces and distributes another NHSDA report

containing prevalence estimates when the survey results are first released each year. Special analytic

reports also are periodically produced on topics of current interest (e.g., drug use among employed

people, drug use and family structure).

Estimates presented in Sections III and IV of this report are based on a questionnaire and estimation

methodology introduced in 1994 and continued through 1998.1

 Due to the effect this new methodology

may have on the magnitude of estimates, comparisons with NHSDA data prior to 1994 should be made

with caution.2

SURVEY METHODOLOGY

The NHSDA is based on a stratified, multistage area probability sample. For the 1998 study, 139

primary sampling units (PSUs) were selected at the first stage of sampling. The 1998 national sample

was comprised of 115 PSUs (43 certainty PSUs and 72 noncertainty PSUs). The national certainty PSUs

have been included in the NHSDA since 1988, and the noncertainty PSUs are the same PSUs selected

since 1996. The 1998 national sample was supplemented by six noncertainty PSUs from the 14 Arizona

PSUs that were selected in 1997, plus two noncertainty PSUs from the four California PSUs that were

selected in 1997, and an additional 16 new noncertainty PSUs selected from 13 States to provide minimal

sample sizes for testing the small area estimation methodology in all States.
3

 In the interest of readability for this report, “white” is used to indicate “white, non-Hispanic,” and

 “black” to indicate “black, non-Hispanic.”

2

Within each PSU, area segments were selected with probability proportional to a composite size

measure that was designed to overrepresent concentrated Hispanic and black neighborhoods, as well as

younger individuals.3

 Dwelling units were selected from each sample segment. The target population

included all 12-year-old or older civilian residents of households (including civilians residing on military

installations) and noninstitutional group quarters (e.g., college dormitories, homeless shelters, rooming

houses). Persons excluded from this target population included military personnel on active duty,

transient populations (such as homeless people who do not reside in shelters), and residents of

institutional group quarters (e.g., jails, hospitals). Data collection was continuous over the 1998 calendar

year. 

Survey data were collected through personal visits to each selected residence. Introductory letters

were mailed to each residence and were used to explain the survey prior to the interviewer's visit. Upon

arrival, the NHSDA field representative conducted a short voluntary screening procedure with any

resident of the household 18 years old or older who was capable of providing information on the age,

race/ethnicity, gender, and marital status of each resident 12 years old or older. This information was

used in a random selection procedure to determine whether any resident members were eligible for an

in-depth interview (either one, two, or no individuals were selected). The interviewer had no control

over this selection procedure. The 1998 within-household person selection probabilities were based on

the race/ethnicity of the head of household and the ages of each household member. Selected individuals

then were asked if they would complete a voluntary interview. NHSDA field representatives conducted

the interviews using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire that included both interviewer-administered

questions and self-administered answer sheets (for collection of sensitive information). All screening

and interview responses were kept confidential. 

In 1998, a total of 33,128 eligible dwelling unit members were selected for an interview; of these, a

total of 25,500 interviews were completed (4,903 interviews were conducted in California, 3,869

interviews were conducted in Arizona and 16,728 interviews were conducted in the remaining States). 

Total response rates for screening and interviewing were 93.0% and 77.0%, respectively.

PROCEDURES FOR DERIVING POPULATION ESTIMATES

For convenience, both rate estimates and corresponding population estimates are included in each

table. Population estimates are presented in thousands (e.g., a population estimate of 430 represents

430,000 persons). Each "observed estimate" is followed by its 95% confidence interval in parentheses. 

Estimates are provided for each of the following time periods when use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and

tobacco occurred: (a) use in the lifetime (ever used), (b) use in the past year (used past year), and (c) use

in the past month (used past month), also referred to as "current use." These estimates have been

obtained by weighting the data to reflect current population totals for various demographic subgroup

populations.
4

 These 1998 population projections were based on the 1990 U.S. Census counts.

3

Development of Weights

An analysis weight was calculated for each completed interview to reflect selection probabilities

and to compensate for nonresponse and undercoverage. A poststratification adjustment was made to

force the respondent weight totals to equal U.S. Bureau of the Census projections of the civilian,

noninstitutionalized population 12-years or older. The poststratification totals 4

 were obtained from the

National Estimates and Population Projections Branch of the U.S. Bureau of the Census and classified 

by age group, gender, race/ethnicity, and Hispanic origin. These poststratification totals were

appropriately adjusted using State-level population projections that also were obtained from the Census

Bureau. With the State-level demographic control totals so obtained, a three-level “State” variable (i.e.,

California, Arizona, and remainder of the United States) was used in the poststratification to produce

stable State-level estimates for California and Arizona. In 1998, regional control totals also were

obtained and used during poststratification. In general, the interview samples from each quarter were

poststratified to one-fourth of the projected population totals. These totals represent the population at the

midpoint of each quarter's data collection period (the 15th day of February, May, August, and November

1998). The resulting quarterly analysis weights sum to the average of the four quarter-specific

projections. The final analysis weight can be viewed as the number of population members that each

respondent represents.

Tables 1A, 1B, and 1C in Section II present the sample sizes and U.S. population totals on which

the population estimates of drug use are based. The population figures are estimates of the civilian,

noninstitutionalized population and are generated by summing the individual final analysis weights of

the respondents belonging to each population category.

Adjusting for Nonresponse Through Imputation

The population estimates in this report are based on either the total responding sample or all cases in

a subgroup, including some cases where missing data for some recency-of-use and frequency-of-use

variables were replaced with logically or statistically imputed (i.e., replaced) values. The interview

classification "minimally complete" (a status necessary for a case to be included in the database) requires

that data on the recency of use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine be present. To determine case

completeness, an editing procedure was employed to replace missing data for these substances based on

information supplied by the respondent elsewhere in the questionnaire. After this editing, case

completeness was determined. When necessary, additional logical imputation also was done to replace

other inconsistent, missing, or otherwise faulty data. 

After editing, any data still missing for recency-of-use and frequency-of-use questions (for drugs

other than alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana) were statistically imputed using the technique of sequential

hot-deck imputation. The first step in this procedure involves sorting the data file progressively using

data on recency of use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine; age; gender; Hispanic origin; race/ethnicity;
4

and a State indicator variable (i.e., California, Arizona, or remainder of the United States). The hot-deck

imputation procedure replaces a missing item on a particular record by the last encountered nonmissing

response for that item (from the previous record) on the sorted database. The hot-deck imputation

procedure is appropriate for recency-of-use and most frequency-of-use variables because the level of

item nonresponse is low.

Missing data for the variables on frequency of use of alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana in the past 12

months were statistically imputed using a regression-based method of imputation. This imputation

procedure involves estimating a polytomous logistic model using a number of respondent characteristics. 

The explanatory variables used in these models included those variables used in the recency-of-use hotdeck imputation procedure, such as recency of use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine; age; gender;

Hispanic origin; race/ethnicity; and State. After the model parameters were estimated, the resulting

model was used to predict a categorical value for each frequency-of-use item nonresponse. The

model-based imputation procedure is appropriate for alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana frequencies for two

reasons: (a) the relative amount of nonresponse or faulty responses to these questions is larger than what

is observed for the recency-of-use and other frequency-of-use items, and (b) the model-based procedure

allows a greater number of statistically significant explanatory variables to contribute to imputing a

response compared to what is possible with the hot-deck method.

The main advantage of imputation is that it simplifies the calculation of estimates. Its use can

reduce the bias caused by missing data and thus improve the accuracy of estimates. In the 1998 NHSDA, 

however, the potential impact of bias due to item nonresponse and the impact of imputation on the

estimates themselves were quite small because item nonresponse was less than 2% for most of the drug

use recency questions. 

Sampling Error and Confidence Intervals

The NHSDA, like all sample surveys, has an inherent degree of statistical uncertainty based on the

sample design. NHSDA estimates are subject to uncertainties of two types: sampling errors and

nonsampling errors. Examples of nonsampling errors are recording mistakes, coding errors,

nonresponse, differences in respondents' interpretations of questions, and purposely false answers. The

effects of nonsampling errors on the estimates cannot normally be quantified; however, rigorous attempts

are made to minimize their occurrence through pretesting, interviewer training, interview verification,

coder training, coding verification, and other quality control measures. 

Sampling errors denote the random fluctuations that occur in estimates based on samples drawn

from a population; such variations can be eliminated only by conducting a complete census. Using the

same procedures, different samples drawn from the same population would be expected to result in

different estimates. Many of these observed estimates would differ to some degree from the "true"

population value, and these differences are due to sampling error. The variance of an estimate is the

basic measure of this type of error. 
5

 Shah, B.V., Barnwell, B.G., & Bieler, G.S. (1997). SUDAAN user's manual: Version 7.5. Research

 Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute. 

5

To account for the complex features of the NHSDA sample design (such as unequal selection

probabilities, stratification, and clustering), the variance estimates of the NHSDA drug use statistics are

computed for this report using a survey data analysis software package called SUDAAN. 5

 Estimates of

means or proportions, such as drug use prevalence, take the form of nonlinear statistics where the

variances cannot be expressed in closed form. Variance estimation for nonlinear statistics in SUDAAN

is based on a first-order Taylor series approximation of the deviations of estimates from their expected

values. The resulting variance estimates are approximately unbiased for sufficiently large sample sizes.

For a given variance estimate, the associated design effect is the ratio of the design-based variance

estimate over the variance that would have been obtained from a simple random sample of the same size. 

Because the combined design features of stratification, clustering, and unequal weighting are expected to

increase the variance estimates, the design effect should virtually always be greater than one. For

prevalence rates near zero, however, the variance-inflating effects of unequal weighting and clustering

are sometimes underestimated, resulting in design effects of less than one. Because the corresponding

variance estimates are then considered anomalously small, two other variance estimates are computed as

quality control measures. The first of these other variance estimates is based only on the stratification

and unequal weighting effects, and the second is based on simple random sampling. The variance

estimate used for obtaining confidence intervals is then the maximum of these three estimates. 

The 95% confidence intervals for the drug use proportions and corresponding population estimates

are constructed based on the logit transformation. Because the drug use proportions in the NHSDA are

frequently small, the logit transformation has been used for this report to yield asymmetric interval

boundaries. These asymmetric intervals are more balanced with respect to the probability that the

interval is above or below the true population value than is the case for standard symmetric confidence

intervals.

To illustrate the method, let

p = estimated proportion,

 var(p) = variance estimate of p,

 

q = 1-p,

L = logit of p = ln [p/(1-p)], where "ln" denotes the natural logarithm, and

 var(L) = var(p)/(pq)

2

. 
6

L±1.96 var(p)

pq  (A,B) ,

1

1exp(A)

, 1

1exp(B)  (Plower , P

upper) ,

The approximate 95% confidence interval for L is then calculated as

where the quantity in parentheses that is multiplied by 1.96 estimates the standard error (SE) of L. 

Applying the inverse logistic transformation to the confidence interval endpoints, A and B, yields a 95%

confidence interval for the proportion, P, as 

where "exp" denotes the inverse log transformation. The lower and upper confidence interval endpoints

for percentage estimates are obtained by multiplying the lower and upper endpoints for proportions by

100. The confidence interval for the corresponding population estimate is obtained by multiplying the

confidence interval endpoints by the estimated number of individuals in the population subgroup

constituting the base or denominator of the associated proportion. 

The precise interpretation of the 95% confidence interval is as follows: If repeated samples of

identical design are drawn from the population, and the sample estimate and corresponding upper and

lower confidence limits are calculated for each sample, then the true population value is covered by the

confidence intervals of, on average, 95 of 100 samples. 

For tables in this report, each estimate of the number of users of the drug in the defined subgroup

(as well as its corresponding estimated percentage of the subgroup's total population) is accompanied by

an upper and lower confidence limit. For example, in the lower portion of Table 3A, the "observed

estimate" for the total number of people who have "ever used" marijuana is 72,070,000. The "lower

limit" is 69,122,000, and the "upper limit" is 75,080,000. The interpretation of these estimates is that one

can be 95% confident that the total number of people who have ever tried marijuana at least once in their

lifetime lies between 69,122,000 and 75,080,000, with the best 1998 NHSDA estimate being 72,070,000. 

The corresponding percentage estimates for the lower and upper confidence limits are 31.6% and 34.4%,

respectively, with the best estimate being 33.0%.

As in other publications in the NHSDA series, estimates with low precision are not reported. 

The criterion used for suppressing estimates is based on the size of the estimate and the relative standard

error (RSE) of the estimate. The RSE is defined as the ratio of the standard error of an estimate divided

by the estimate itself. Specifically, cell percentages and corresponding estimates of numbers of users are

suppressed if at least one of the following three criteria is met:

(1) p < .0005 or p A .9995

(2) RSE[-ln(p)] > 0.175 when p < 0.5
7

(3) RSE[-ln(1-p)] > 0.175 when p > 0.5

where RSE[-ln(p)] is the RSE(p)/-ln(p). For computational purposes, this is equivalent to

(1) p < .0005 or p A .9995

SE(p)/p (2) )))))) > 0.175 when p < 0.5 -ln(p)

SE(p)/(1-p) (3) ))))))))) > 0.175 when p > 0.5 -ln(1-p)

where SE(p) is the standard error estimate of p. The log transformation of p is used to provide a more

balanced treatment of measuring the quality of small, large, and intermediate p values. The switch to

(1-p) for p greater than 0.5 yields a symmetric suppression rule across the range of possible p values. 

Because the sample sizes for subgroup populations are relatively large, low precision generally occurs

only for prevalence rates that are near either 0% or 100%.

FORMAT AND ORGANIZATION OF THE POPULATION ESTIMATES TABLES

NHSDA drug use prevalence data are presented for each gender; four major age groups (12 to

17, 18 to 25, 26 to 34, and 35 years old or older); three major mutually exclusive racial/ethnic groups,

based on respondents' self-classifications (Hispanic in origin, regardless of race; white, not of Hispanic

origin; and black, not of Hispanic origin); and four geographic regions. (Those who did not identify

themselves as Hispanic, white, or black are included in the population totals, but separate estimates are

not presented for this "other" category because the sample size is too small [see Table 1B].) Tables are

presented separately for the total population, whites, Hispanics, blacks, and geographic region. The four

U.S. Bureau of the Census regions are Northeast, North Central, South, and West (see Exhibit 1). For

each drug, eight tables are arranged to facilitate group comparisons. Data for the estimated numbers of

users in subgroups are arranged in rows and presented by gender for each of four age groups. Data in the

remaining seven tables for each racial/ethnic or regional subgroup are presented first by age, then by

gender, and finally for the total population. 

Time periods of use shown in column headings are "ever used," "used past year," and "used past

month." These categories are cumulative (i.e., those who have "used [in the] past month" also are

included in the "used [in the] past year" and "ever used" categories). Likewise, those who have "used [in

the] past year" are included in the "ever used" estimates. 

Other than presenting results by age group and other basic demographic characteristics, no

attempt is made in this report to control for potentially confounding factors that might help explain any

associations observed. This point is particularly salient with respect to race/ethnicity, which tends to be

highly associated with socioeconomic characteristics. Also, the cross-sectional nature of the data

precludes any causal interpretations of observed relationships. Nevertheless, data presented in this report
8

are useful for comparing demographic subgroups with respect to drug use rates, regardless of why they

differ. 

Prevalence Estimates for Specific Drugs and Drug Classes

Section III presents the basic set of drug use prevalence estimates grouped by various drug

categories. The first drug category presented is "Any Illicit Drug," which includes any use of

marijuana/hashish; cocaine, including crack; inhalants; hallucinogens, including lysergic acid

diethylamide (LSD) and phencyclidine (PCP); heroin; and the nonmedical use of psychotherapeutics

(i.e., stimulants, sedatives, tranquilizers, and analgesics). Following the estimates for any illicit use,

tables are presented separately for various specific categories of illicit drug use, as well as for alcohol,

cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco. The small number of respondents reporting these drug use behaviors

resulted in low precision for most "used past month" estimates, as well as many other estimates;

therefore, less detail is shown for estimates of PCP use, LSD use, heroin use, and needle use (see Tables

16 to 19). 

Frequency of Drug Use Among Past Year Users

Data presented in Section IV are useful for identifying how often a drug is used. After results

from earlier surveys were published, the estimate of those who had used a drug in the past month was

cited by some readers as an estimate of the number of "regular users." This interpretation was

unsatisfactory because past month users include both those experimenting with the drug as well as

regular users. Therefore, information has since been collected on the frequency of drug use in the past

year. 

Frequency of drug use during the past 12 months is classified into three categories: "at least

once," "12 or more days," and "51 or more days." The categories are cumulative; those using "51 or

more days" also are counted among the "12 or more days" and the "at least once" users. Similarly, those

using "12 or more days" also are counted among those who have used "at least once" in the past year. By

definition, estimates for those who have used “at least once” are equivalent to those who have “used past

year” in earlier tables.

CONSIDERATIONS IN INTERPRETING THE DATA

The estimates produced in this report should be viewed as approximations based on the best

available data. Readers are therefore cautioned to take the following points into account when using or

interpreting the data in this report: 

! The value of self-reports obviously depends on the honesty and memory of

sampled respondents. Research has supported the validity of self-report data in
6

 Rouse, B.A, Kozel, N.J., & Richards, L.G. (Eds.). (1985). Self-report methods of estimating drug

 use (NIDA Research Monograph No. 57, DHHS Publication No. ADM 85-1402). Rockville, MD: 

 National Institute on Drug Abuse.

7 Turner, C.F., Lessler, J.T., & Gfroerer, J.C. (Eds.). (1992). Survey measurement of drug use:

 Methodological studies (DHHS Publication No. ADM 92-1929). Rockville, MD: National Institute

 on Drug Abuse.

9

similar contexts.6,7 Although NHSDA procedures are designed to encourage

truthfulness and recall, as with all studies of this type, some underreporting or

overreporting may occur. 

! NHSDA drug use prevalence estimates for specific subgroups are sometimes

based on modest to small sample sizes, which may lead to substantial sampling

error. 

! Population projections prepared for the U.S. Bureau of the Census' Current

Population Survey (and used in weighting the 1998 NHSDA sample) are subject

to error, which increases with the age of the last census. 

! The population surveyed consists of noninstitutionalized civilians living in

households, college dormitories, homeless shelters, rooming houses, and on

military installations. Therefore, this report does not present estimates for some

segments of the U.S. population that may contain a substantial proportion of

drug users, such as transients not residing in shelters (e.g., users of soup kitchens

or residents of street encampments) and those incarcerated in county jails or

State and Federal prisons. 
10
11

Section II

Sample Sizes and U.S. Population Tables
12
A. 1998 NHSDA Sample Sizes and U.S. Population Totals, by Age Within Gender

GENDER TOTAL 

 Male Female

Sample Population Sample Population Sample Population

3,383 11,608,146 3,395 11,132,297 6,778 22,740,4433,275 14,126,645 4,043 13,839,222 7,318 27,965,8671,864 17,169,325 2,673 17,433,606 4,537 34,602,931

2,739 62,293,488 4,128 70,842,031 6,867 133,135,519

11,261 105,197,605 14,239 113,247,156 25,500 218,444,761

Sub-population totals are estimates and may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998

998 NHSDA Sample Sizes and U.S. Population Totals, by Gender and Age Within Race/Ethnicity

RACE/ETHNICITY 

White Black Hispanic Other

Sample Population Sample Population Sample Population Sample Population

5,303 78,311,866 2,339 11,139,121 3,043 11,325,367 576 4,421,251

6,406 83,679,604 3,476 13,636,139 3,752 11,017,063 605 4,914,350

3,091 15,208,871 1,374 3,243,051 1,869 3,108,087 444 1,180,4342,926 18,752,734 1,798 3,927,070 2,187 3,910,395 407 1,375,6691,890 23,786,375 1,053 4,360,055 1,432 4,672,349 162 1,784,153

3,802 104,243,490 1,590 13,245,085 1,307 10,651,600 168 4,995,344

11,709 161,991,470 5,815 24,775,260 6,795 22,342,431 1,181 9,335,601

presented separately for whites, not of Hispanic origin; blacks, not of Hispanic origin; Hispanics; and others. The racial/ethnic category

ncludes: Indians (American), Aleuts, Eskimos, Asian or Pacific Islanders (including Asian Indians).

ulation totals are estimates and may not sum to totals due to rounding.

 Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
14

Exhibit 1. Census Regions of the United States
1998 NHSDA Sample Sizes and U.S. Population Totals, by Gender and Age Within Region

REGION

Northeast North Central South West

Sample Population Sample Population Sample Population Sample Population

1,300 20,118,920 1,626 24,584,757 3,585 36,977,539 4,750 23,516,3901,821 22,235,886 2,054 26,555,327 4,919 40,351,939 5,445 24,104,005

709 4,060,818 872 5,427,530 1,997 8,042,240 3,200 5,209,856739 4,942,441 930 6,629,654 2,298 10,050,716 3,351 6,343,056673 6,732,952 754 7,836,373 1,633 12,144,071 1,477 7,889,536

1,000 26,618,594 1,124 31,246,527 2,576 47,092,451 2,167 28,177,9473,121 42,354,805 3,680 51,140,084 8,504 77,329,477 10,195 47,620,394

ulation totals are estimates and may not sum to totals due to rounding.

f Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
16
17

Section III

Estimates of Prevalence of Use of Specific Drugs and Drug Classes
18
19

Any Illicit Drug Use - Total Population

Table 2A. Any Illicit Drug Use by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 21.3 (19.9 - 22.8) 16.4 (15.1 - 17.7) 9.9 (8.9 - 11.1)

Male 22.1 (20.2 - 24.2) 16.7 (15.0 - 18.6) 10.3 (8.9 - 11.9)

Female 20.5 (18.3 - 22.9) 16.0 (14.2 - 18.0) 9.5 (8.0 - 11.4)

18-25 48.1 (45.9 - 50.3) 27.4 (25.5 - 29.4) 16.1 (14.7 - 17.7)

Male 54.1 (51.1 - 57.2) 32.6 (29.6 - 35.7) 20.5 (18.2 - 22.9)

Female 41.9 (39.2 - 44.7) 22.1 (19.6 - 24.8) 11.7 (10.1 - 13.6)

26-34 50.6 (48.5 - 52.6) 12.7 (11.4 - 14.1) 7.0 (6.0 - 8.2)

Male 56.3 (53.3 - 59.3) 16.2 (14.1 - 18.5) 9.8 (8.1 - 11.8)

Female 44.9 (42.1 - 47.7) 9.3 (7.9 - 10.9) 4.3 (3.4 - 5.5)

A35 31.8 (29.9 - 33.8) 5.5 (4.8 - 6.3) 3.3 (2.8 - 3.9)

Male 38.4 (35.6 - 41.2) 7.2 (6.0 - 8.5) 4.4 (3.5 - 5.4)

Female 26.0 (23.9 - 28.2) 4.0 (3.3 - 4.9) 2.4 (1.8 - 3.1)

TOTAL 35.8 (34.3 - 37.2) 10.6 (9.9 - 11.3) 6.2 (5.7 - 6.8)

Male 41.6 (39.8 - 43.5) 13.1 (12.1 - 14.2) 8.1 (7.3 - 8.9)

Female 30.3 (28.6 - 32.1) 8.2 (7.5 - 9.0) 4.5 (4.0 - 5.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 4,851 (4,533 - 5,185) 3,727 (3,441 - 4,032) 2,262 (2,020 - 2,529)

Male 2,570 (2,344 - 2,811) 1,944 (1,741 - 2,165) 1,200 (1,038 - 1,384)

Female 2,281 (2,035 - 2,548) 1,783 (1,581 - 2,006) 1,062 (889 - 1,265)

18-25 13,445 (12,839 - 14,053) 7,660 (7,134 - 8,211) 4,513 (4,103 - 4,956)

Male 7,645 (7,213 - 8,074) 4,601 (4,181 - 5,041) 2,890 (2,575 - 3,233)

Female 5,800 (5,427 - 6,180) 3,060 (2,717 - 3,432) 1,623 (1,400 - 1,876)

26-34 17,497 (16,792 - 18,202) 4,397 (3,954 - 4,882) 2,432 (2,085 - 2,831)

Male 9,670 (9,144 - 10,188) 2,778 (2,418 - 3,180) 1,680 (1,392 - 2,020)

Female 7,827 (7,343 - 8,316) 1,620 (1,378 - 1,899) 752 (589 - 957)

A35 42,330 (39,780 - 44,966) 7,330 (6,394 - 8,395) 4,408 (3,721 - 5,218)

Male 23,897 (22,189 - 25,653) 4,475 (3,760 - 5,314) 2,725 (2,187 - 3,387)

Female 18,433 (16,955 - 19,993) 2,855 (2,343 - 3,474) 1,683 (1,304 - 2,169)

TOTAL 78,123 (74,948 - 81,357) 23,115 (21,588 - 24,737) 13,615 (12,473 - 14,855)

Male 43,782 (41,865 - 45,724) 13,797 (12,777 - 14,886) 8,494 (7,685 - 9,382)

Female 34,341 (32,372 - 36,376) 9,318 (8,487 - 10,223) 5,121 (4,530 - 5,784)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
20

Any Illicit Drug Use - Race/Ethnicity

Table 2B. Any Illicit Drug Use by Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 21.7 (19.8 - 23.7) 16.9 (15.2 - 18.7) 10.3 (8.9 - 11.8)

18-25 54.2 (51.2 - 57.1) 30.4 (27.7 - 33.3) 17.6 (15.5 - 19.8)

26-34 57.0 (54.2 - 59.7) 13.4 (11.7 - 15.3) 7.1 (5.8 - 8.7)

A35 33.4 (31.0 - 35.9) 5.2 (4.4 - 6.1) 3.2 (2.6 - 3.9)

GENDER

Male 43.5 (41.1 - 46.0) 12.6 (11.5 - 13.9) 7.7 (6.8 - 8.7)

Female 33.1 (30.9 - 35.4) 8.4 (7.4 - 9.4) 4.5 (3.9 - 5.3)

TOTAL 38.2 (36.2 - 40.1) 10.4 (9.6 - 11.4) 6.1 (5.4 - 6.8)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 3,301 (3,014 - 3,606) 2,564 (2,307 - 2,844) 1,561 (1,356 - 1,794)

18-25 10,157 (9,600 - 10,709) 5,709 (5,195 - 6,250) 3,294 (2,909 - 3,717)

26-34 13,550 (12,885 - 14,204) 3,188 (2,784 - 3,641) 1,693 (1,379 - 2,073)

A35 34,819 (32,316 - 37,415) 5,433 (4,599 - 6,408) 3,309 (2,686 - 4,070)

GENDER

Male 34,099 (32,211 - 36,011) 9,894 (9,007 - 10,855) 6,061 (5,361 - 6,845)

Female 27,727 (25,862 - 29,658) 7,000 (6,228 - 7,857) 3,796 (3,256 - 4,421)

TOTAL 61,826 (58,701 - 65,013) 16,894 (15,503 - 18,394) 9,857 (8,819 - 11,009)

Table 2C. Any Illicit Drug Use by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 23.0 (20.5 - 25.8) 17.4 (15.1 - 19.9) 9.9 (7.9 - 12.2)

18-25 34.6 (31.3 - 38.1) 19.0 (16.4 - 22.0) 11.1 (9.3 - 13.0)

26-34 29.7 (26.7 - 32.9) 9.1 (7.1 - 11.7) 5.4 (4.0 - 7.3)

A35 23.2 (20.4 - 26.4) 6.0 (4.5 - 7.9) 3.5 (2.4 - 5.2)

GENDER

Male 32.6 (30.0 - 35.4) 13.1 (11.2 - 15.2) 7.7 (6.3 - 9.3)

Female 20.3 (18.2 - 22.6) 7.9 (6.6 - 9.4) 4.5 (3.5 - 5.8)

TOTAL 26.6 (24.7 - 28.5) 10.5 (9.4 - 11.7) 6.1 (5.3 - 7.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 716 (637 - 803) 540 (469 - 619) 307 (247 - 379)

18-25 1,353 (1,224 - 1,488) 744 (640 - 861) 432 (366 - 509)

26-34 1,389 (1,248 - 1,539) 426 (331 - 545) 253 (187 - 341)

A35 2,475 (2,170 - 2,808) 638 (480 - 845) 376 (256 - 549)

GENDER

Male 3,696 (3,399 - 4,005) 1,479 (1,266 - 1,722) 869 (718 - 1,050)

Female 2,238 (2,005 - 2,490) 869 (724 - 1,041) 499 (386 - 641)

TOTAL 5,934 (5,515 - 6,372) 2,348 (2,099 - 2,623) 1,368 (1,181 - 1,583)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
21

Any Illicit Drug Use - Race/Ethnicity

Table 2D. Any Illicit Drug Use by Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 19.3 (16.1 - 22.8) 14.0 (11.2 - 17.5) 9.9 (7.6 - 12.8)

18-25 41.0 (38.0 - 44.1) 26.2 (23.6 - 29.1) 17.1 (14.9 - 19.6)

26-34 45.3 (41.6 - 49.1) 14.9 (12.5 - 17.7) 9.4 (7.4 - 11.8)

A35 30.2 (26.7 - 34.0) 8.2 (6.5 - 10.2) 4.8 (3.5 - 6.5)

GENDER

Male 41.5 (37.9 - 45.1) 17.9 (15.6 - 20.5) 12.0 (10.1 - 14.2)

Female 26.4 (23.6 - 29.3) 9.0 (7.7 - 10.4) 5.2 (4.3 - 6.1)

TOTAL 33.2 (30.8 - 35.6) 13.0 (11.7 - 14.4) 8.2 (7.2 - 9.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 625 (523 - 741) 456 (362 - 568) 320 (245 - 416)

18-25 1,611 (1,493 - 1,731) 1,031 (926 - 1,142) 671 (583 - 769)

26-34 1,975 (1,812 - 2,140) 651 (545 - 773) 409 (323 - 516)

A35 4,004 (3,540 - 4,501) 1,082 (868 - 1,345) 637 (467 - 865)

GENDER

Male 4,618 (4,223 - 5,024) 1,994 (1,738 - 2,279) 1,335 (1,121 - 1,583)

Female 3,596 (3,224 - 3,994) 1,225 (1,056 - 1,418) 704 (592 - 835)

TOTAL 8,214 (7,626 - 8,824) 3,219 (2,892 - 3,577) 2,038 (1,793 - 2,314)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
22

Any Illicit Drug Use - Region

Table 2E. Any Illicit Drug Use by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 21.7 (18.2 - 25.7) 17.9 (14.7 - 21.8) 10.7 (8.2 - 13.8)

18-25 47.5 (41.8 - 53.2) 25.9 (21.7 - 30.6) 15.6 (12.3 - 19.7)

26-34 57.1 (52.2 - 61.8) 12.5 (9.7 - 16.0) 7.2 (5.0 - 10.4)

A35 32.8 (27.6 - 38.4) 5.5 (3.6 - 8.3) 2.9 (1.6 - 5.0)

GENDER

Male 42.8 (37.4 - 48.3) 12.5 (10.0 - 15.5) 7.7 (5.8 - 10.1)

Female 32.3 (28.3 - 36.6) 8.1 (6.6 - 9.8) 4.1 (3.1 - 5.4)

TOTAL 37.3 (33.7 - 41.0) 10.2 (8.4 - 12.3) 5.8 (4.6 - 7.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 881 (737 - 1,044) 729 (596 - 884) 434 (334 - 560)

18-25 2,346 (2,067 - 2,628) 1,279 (1,071 - 1,511) 772 (606 - 975)

26-34 3,843 (3,513 - 4,164) 842 (651 - 1,079) 487 (336 - 699)

A35 8,720 (7,337 - 10,225) 1,462 (962 - 2,201) 766 (435 - 1,336)

GENDER

Male 8,606 (7,524 - 9,723) 2,513 (2,016 - 3,112) 1,543 (1,165 - 2,029)

Female 7,183 (6,300 - 8,128) 1,799 (1,476 - 2,186) 917 (692 - 1,211)

TOTAL 15,789 (14,256 - 17,386) 4,312 (3,564 - 5,196) 2,460 (1,952 - 3,090)

Table 2F. Any Illicit Drug Use by Age Group and Gender for North Central Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 22.0 (18.9 - 25.4) 17.0 (14.3 - 20.2) 11.6 (8.8 - 15.1)

18-25 53.5 (49.1 - 57.8) 34.5 (30.5 - 38.6) 21.3 (17.9 - 25.1)

26-34 53.4 (49.0 - 57.8) 12.6 (10.1 - 15.6) 7.0 (5.2 - 9.3)

A35 31.2 (27.1 - 35.7) 4.7 (3.4 - 6.4) 2.6 (1.7 - 4.0)

GENDER

Male 43.7 (40.0 - 47.4) 13.5 (11.7 - 15.6) 8.1 (6.8 - 9.7)

Female 29.9 (25.7 - 34.6) 8.8 (6.8 - 11.2) 5.3 (3.9 - 7.2)

TOTAL 36.5 (33.0 - 40.2) 11.1 (9.5 - 12.8) 6.7 (5.5 - 8.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,194 (1,028 - 1,379) 924 (775 - 1,095) 627 (476 - 818)

18-25 3,545 (3,254 - 3,832) 2,284 (2,022 - 2,562) 1,411 (1,189 - 1,662)

26-34 4,184 (3,837 - 4,526) 987 (790 - 1,225) 547 (407 - 730)

A35 9,756 (8,463 - 11,150) 1,461 (1,066 - 1,994) 822 (535 - 1,256)

GENDER

Male 10,734 (9,837 - 11,648) 3,331 (2,878 - 3,842) 1,997 (1,661 - 2,393)

Female 7,945 (6,812 - 9,179) 2,326 (1,811 - 2,971) 1,410 (1,036 - 1,910)

TOTAL 18,679 (16,866 - 20,570) 5,657 (4,857 - 6,570) 3,407 (2,803 - 4,129)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
23

Any Illicit Drug Use - Region

Table 2G. Any Illicit Drug Use by Age Group and Gender for South Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 19.0 (16.8 - 21.4) 13.8 (11.9 - 16.0) 7.8 (6.4 - 9.5)

18-25 45.0 (41.2 - 48.8) 23.0 (19.8 - 26.6) 13.1 (10.8 - 15.9)

26-34 45.2 (41.4 - 49.0) 12.0 (9.6 - 14.8) 6.6 (5.0 - 8.7)

A35 27.9 (25.4 - 30.5) 4.9 (3.9 - 6.1) 3.2 (2.4 - 4.2)

GENDER

Male 37.2 (34.7 - 39.8) 11.8 (10.1 - 13.8) 7.6 (6.3 - 9.2)

Female 27.0 (24.6 - 29.5) 7.0 (5.9 - 8.2) 3.6 (2.8 - 4.5)

TOTAL 31.9 (29.8 - 34.0) 9.3 (8.2 - 10.5) 5.5 (4.7 - 6.4)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,526 (1,348 - 1,722) 1,112 (955 - 1,290) 628 (515 - 765)

18-25 4,519 (4,143 - 4,901) 2,313 (1,986 - 2,675) 1,318 (1,084 - 1,593)

26-34 5,487 (5,033 - 5,949) 1,452 (1,165 - 1,799) 801 (608 - 1,052)

A35 13,124 (11,948 - 14,369) 2,296 (1,840 - 2,859) 1,505 (1,138 - 1,984)

GENDER

Male 13,760 (12,833 - 14,712) 4,361 (3,724 - 5,090) 2,815 (2,316 - 3,409)

Female 10,898 (9,932 - 11,920) 2,812 (2,379 - 3,317) 1,438 (1,137 - 1,814)

TOTAL 24,657 (23,077 - 26,294) 7,173 (6,313 - 8,138) 4,252 (3,651 - 4,945)

Table 2H. Any Illicit Drug Use by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 24.0 (21.0 - 27.3) 18.5 (15.8 - 21.5) 11.0 (9.1 - 13.2)

18-25 47.9 (43.8 - 51.9) 28.1 (24.9 - 31.7) 16.0 (13.7 - 18.5)

26-34 50.5 (46.4 - 54.6) 14.1 (11.7 - 17.0) 7.6 (5.5 - 10.3)

A35 38.1 (34.9 - 41.4) 7.5 (6.1 - 9.2) 4.7 (3.6 - 6.1)

GENDER

Male 45.4 (41.8 - 49.1) 15.3 (13.5 - 17.3) 9.1 (7.5 - 11.1)

Female 34.5 (31.3 - 37.9) 9.9 (8.7 - 11.2) 5.6 (4.7 - 6.7)

TOTAL 39.9 (37.3 - 42.6) 12.5 (11.3 - 13.9) 7.3 (6.2 - 8.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,249 (1,094 - 1,420) 963 (823 - 1,119) 572 (476 - 685)

18-25 3,036 (2,780 - 3,293) 1,784 (1,576 - 2,008) 1,012 (869 - 1,173)

26-34 3,983 (3,659 - 4,306) 1,116 (921 - 1,343) 596 (433 - 812)

A35 10,730 (9,827 - 11,662) 2,110 (1,710 - 2,595) 1,316 (1,006 - 1,717)

GENDER

Male 10,683 (9,820 - 11,557) 3,592 (3,172 - 4,057) 2,141 (1,756 - 2,600)

Female 8,315 (7,539 - 9,127) 2,381 (2,092 - 2,705) 1,356 (1,142 - 1,607)

TOTAL 18,998 (17,744 - 20,280) 5,973 (5,383 - 6,617) 3,497 (2,971 - 4,106)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
24
25

Marijuana - Total Population

Table 3A. Marijuana Use by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 17.0 (15.7 - 18.3) 14.1 (12.9 - 15.3) 8.3 (7.2 - 9.4)

Male 17.7 (16.0 - 19.7) 14.4 (12.8 - 16.2) 8.6 (7.4 - 10.1)

Female 16.1 (14.3 - 18.2) 13.7 (12.0 - 15.6) 7.9 (6.4 - 9.7)

18-25 44.6 (42.5 - 46.7) 24.1 (22.3 - 26.0) 13.8 (12.5 - 15.2)

Male 49.4 (46.1 - 52.6) 28.1 (25.3 - 31.1) 17.2 (15.2 - 19.3)

Female 39.8 (37.1 - 42.4) 20.0 (17.7 - 22.6) 10.3 (8.8 - 12.1)

26-34 47.9 (45.8 - 50.0) 9.7 (8.6 - 11.0) 5.5 (4.6 - 6.5)

Male 53.2 (50.1 - 56.3) 13.0 (11.1 - 15.1) 8.1 (6.6 - 9.9)

Female 42.7 (39.9 - 45.5) 6.5 (5.4 - 7.8) 2.9 (2.2 - 3.8)

A35 29.4 (27.7 - 31.3) 4.1 (3.5 - 4.7) 2.5 (2.1 - 3.1)

Male 35.8 (33.3 - 38.4) 5.6 (4.6 - 6.8) 3.5 (2.7 - 4.5)

Female 23.8 (21.8 - 25.9) 2.7 (2.2 - 3.5) 1.7 (1.2 - 2.3)

TOTAL 33.0 (31.6 - 34.4) 8.6 (8.0 - 9.2) 5.0 (4.6 - 5.5)

Male 38.5 (36.8 - 40.2) 10.8 (10.0 - 11.6) 6.7 (6.0 - 7.4)

Female 27.9 (26.3 - 29.6) 6.5 (5.9 - 7.2) 3.5 (3.1 - 4.0)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 3,855 (3,568 - 4,162) 3,197 (2,928 - 3,486) 1,878 (1,639 - 2,148)

Male 2,058 (1,853 - 2,281) 1,670 (1,481 - 1,878) 1,003 (854 - 1,175)

Female 1,797 (1,594 - 2,021) 1,527 (1,336 - 1,742) 875 (709 - 1,075)

18-25 12,474 (11,885 - 13,069) 6,739 (6,242 - 7,261) 3,855 (3,499 - 4,241)

Male 6,973 (6,514 - 7,432) 3,966 (3,568 - 4,389) 2,424 (2,145 - 2,731)

Female 5,502 (5,139 - 5,872) 2,773 (2,444 - 3,134) 1,431 (1,219 - 1,675)

26-34 16,569 (15,850 - 17,290) 3,362 (2,974 - 3,794) 1,894 (1,604 - 2,232)

Male 9,131 (8,595 - 9,662) 2,227 (1,900 - 2,599) 1,390 (1,134 - 1,698)

Female 7,438 (6,948 - 7,937) 1,135 (944 - 1,362) 503 (385 - 656)

A35 39,171 (36,821 - 41,606) 5,412 (4,651 - 6,293) 3,390 (2,782 - 4,126)

Male 22,310 (20,719 - 23,952) 3,469 (2,853 - 4,209) 2,192 (1,702 - 2,817)

Female 16,861 (15,457 - 18,350) 1,943 (1,532 - 2,460) 1,197 (876 - 1,635)

TOTAL 72,070 (69,122 - 75,080) 18,710 (17,454 - 20,048) 11,016 (10,066 - 12,050)

Male 40,471 (38,682 - 42,291) 11,332 (10,477 - 12,247) 7,010 (6,326 - 7,762)

Female 31,598 (29,748 - 33,518) 7,378 (6,679 - 8,146) 4,006 (3,512 - 4,566)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
26

Marijuana - Race/Ethnicity

Table 3B. Marijuana Use by Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 17.3 (15.6 - 19.1) 14.6 (13.0 - 16.3) 8.7 (7.3 - 10.2)

18-25 50.6 (47.7 - 53.5) 26.5 (23.9 - 29.3) 14.9 (13.1 - 16.8)

26-34 54.7 (51.8 - 57.5) 10.3 (8.8 - 12.0) 5.7 (4.6 - 7.0)

A35 31.1 (28.9 - 33.4) 3.9 (3.2 - 4.7) 2.5 (2.0 - 3.2)

GENDER

Male 40.5 (38.2 - 42.7) 10.4 (9.4 - 11.5) 6.5 (5.7 - 7.4)

Female 30.9 (28.7 - 33.1) 6.7 (5.9 - 7.5) 3.6 (3.0 - 4.3)

TOTAL 35.5 (33.7 - 37.3) 8.4 (7.8 - 9.2) 5.0 (4.4 - 5.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 2,628 (2,370 - 2,909) 2,220 (1,977 - 2,487) 1,319 (1,114 - 1,557)

18-25 9,492 (8,954 - 10,029) 4,969 (4,483 - 5,487) 2,790 (2,460 - 3,156)

26-34 13,007 (12,330 - 13,677) 2,453 (2,096 - 2,862) 1,350 (1,089 - 1,670)

A35 32,394 (30,087 - 34,795) 4,045 (3,343 - 4,886) 2,613 (2,049 - 3,329)

GENDER

Male 31,693 (29,950 - 33,467) 8,119 (7,331 - 8,981) 5,058 (4,430 - 5,769)

Female 25,829 (24,053 - 27,675) 5,567 (4,913 - 6,302) 3,014 (2,549 - 3,561)

TOTAL 57,522 (54,628 - 60,482) 13,686 (12,557 - 14,907) 8,073 (7,189 - 9,059)

Table 3C. Marijuana Use by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 18.5 (16.2 - 21.1) 14.4 (12.2 - 16.9) 7.6 (5.9 - 9.8)

18-25 30.9 (27.7 - 34.3) 16.6 (14.2 - 19.4) 9.0 (7.5 - 10.8)

26-34 25.5 (22.7 - 28.7) 6.4 (4.8 - 8.4) 3.2 (2.2 - 4.7)

A35 20.6 (17.9 - 23.7) 4.1 (2.9 - 5.8) 2.4 (1.5 - 3.8)

GENDER

Male 29.2 (26.6 - 31.9) 10.5 (8.8 - 12.4) 5.7 (4.6 - 7.1)

Female 16.9 (15.1 - 19.0) 5.8 (4.8 - 7.0) 3.2 (2.5 - 4.1)

TOTAL 23.2 (21.4 - 25.0) 8.2 (7.2 - 9.3) 4.5 (3.8 - 5.2)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 575 (502 - 657) 447 (380 - 525) 237 (185 - 303)

18-25 1,209 (1,084 - 1,341) 651 (555 - 759) 353 (293 - 423)

26-34 1,194 (1,059 - 1,339) 297 (224 - 393) 152 (104 - 219)

A35 2,196 (1,904 - 2,520) 434 (305 - 614) 258 (161 - 409)

GENDER

Male 3,308 (3,016 - 3,615) 1,187 (998 - 1,407) 647 (518 - 806)

Female 1,867 (1,665 - 2,089) 642 (531 - 774) 352 (275 - 450)

TOTAL 5,175 (4,777 - 5,595) 1,829 (1,616 - 2,067) 1,000 (854 - 1,169)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
27

Marijuana - Race/Ethnicity

Table 3D. Marijuana Use by Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 14.9 (12.0 - 18.3) 12.1 (9.3 - 15.6) 8.3 (6.2 - 11.1)

18-25 37.5 (34.7 - 40.3) 24.4 (22.0 - 27.0) 15.2 (13.2 - 17.4)

26-34 42.1 (38.4 - 45.9) 11.8 (9.7 - 14.4) 7.4 (5.5 - 9.7)

A35 28.0 (24.7 - 31.5) 5.8 (4.4 - 7.5) 3.3 (2.3 - 4.8)

GENDER

Male 38.5 (35.0 - 42.0) 14.8 (12.9 - 16.9) 9.9 (8.3 - 11.8)

Female 23.5 (21.1 - 26.2) 7.2 (6.1 - 8.5) 3.8 (3.1 - 4.7)

TOTAL 30.2 (28.0 - 32.6) 10.6 (9.4 - 11.9) 6.6 (5.7 - 7.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 483 (390 - 593) 391 (301 - 505) 271 (202 - 360)

18-25 1,471 (1,362 - 1,584) 958 (863 - 1,060) 597 (518 - 685)

26-34 1,837 (1,676 - 2,001) 516 (422 - 628) 321 (241 - 424)

A35 3,703 (3,270 - 4,170) 763 (586 - 987) 438 (300 - 638)

GENDER

Male 4,284 (3,900 - 4,680) 1,646 (1,433 - 1,886) 1,106 (926 - 1,317)

Female 3,210 (2,879 - 3,567) 982 (826 - 1,165) 521 (427 - 635)

TOTAL 7,494 (6,943 - 8,069) 2,628 (2,339 - 2,949) 1,627 (1,418 - 1,863)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
28

Marijuana - Region

Table 3E. Marijuana Use by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 17.9 (14.7 - 21.7) 15.4 (12.4 - 19.1) 8.3 (6.1 - 11.2)

18-25 43.7 (38.1 - 49.5) 22.4 (18.5 - 26.8) 12.8 (9.8 - 16.6)

26-34 55.1 (50.2 - 59.9) 9.9 (7.4 - 13.1) 5.4 (3.7 - 7.9)

A35 29.2 (24.8 - 34.0) 4.1 (2.6 - 6.5) 2.4 (1.3 - 4.7)

GENDER

Male 39.2 (34.6 - 44.0) 10.5 (8.2 - 13.2) 6.2 (4.6 - 8.3)

Female 29.1 (25.4 - 33.2) 6.3 (5.0 - 7.8) 3.3 (2.4 - 4.6)

TOTAL 33.9 (30.8 - 37.2) 8.3 (6.7 - 10.2) 4.7 (3.6 - 6.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 728 (597 - 882) 627 (504 - 774) 337 (247 - 455)

18-25 2,162 (1,884 - 2,449) 1,106 (915 - 1,325) 635 (486 - 820)

26-34 3,709 (3,379 - 4,033) 666 (499 - 880) 363 (246 - 531)

A35 7,768 (6,610 - 9,037) 1,098 (692 - 1,726) 651 (337 - 1,244)

GENDER

Male 7,890 (6,970 - 8,851) 2,103 (1,651 - 2,661) 1,247 (926 - 1,669)

Female 6,477 (5,648 - 7,374) 1,394 (1,115 - 1,738) 738 (531 - 1,022)

TOTAL 14,368 (13,052 - 15,744) 3,497 (2,821 - 4,318) 1,985 (1,518 - 2,587)

Table 3F. Marijuana Use by Age Group and Gender for North Central Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 17.6 (14.6 - 21.1) 15.0 (12.3 - 18.3) 9.9 (7.0 - 13.8)

18-25 49.6 (45.0 - 54.2) 30.0 (25.9 - 34.6) 17.9 (14.8 - 21.4)

26-34 51.0 (46.6 - 55.5) 10.3 (8.0 - 13.2) 5.8 (4.2 - 8.0)

A35 29.2 (25.4 - 33.3) 3.2 (2.2 - 4.7) 2.0 (1.2 - 3.1)

GENDER

Male 39.8 (36.4 - 43.3) 10.8 (9.2 - 12.7) 6.6 (5.4 - 8.1)

Female 28.5 (24.5 - 32.8) 7.4 (5.7 - 9.6) 4.4 (3.2 - 6.0)

TOTAL 33.9 (30.8 - 37.3) 9.1 (7.8 - 10.5) 5.5 (4.5 - 6.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 954 (790 - 1,143) 817 (665 - 995) 536 (379 - 751)

18-25 3,287 (2,985 - 3,591) 1,991 (1,714 - 2,293) 1,186 (981 - 1,422)

26-34 4,000 (3,649 - 4,350) 809 (629 - 1,033) 458 (332 - 629)

A35 9,113 (7,929 - 10,395) 1,014 (697 - 1,468) 614 (384 - 978)

GENDER

Male 9,792 (8,953 - 10,656) 2,656 (2,258 - 3,114) 1,634 (1,336 - 1,993)

Female 7,563 (6,506 - 8,716) 1,975 (1,522 - 2,548) 1,160 (845 - 1,586)

TOTAL 17,355 (15,727 - 19,061) 4,631 (3,981 - 5,375) 2,795 (2,309 - 3,376)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
29

Marijuana - Region

Table 3G. Marijuana Use by Age Group and Gender for South Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 14.7 (12.7 - 16.9) 11.8 (10.0 - 13.9) 6.9 (5.6 - 8.6)

18-25 41.6 (38.2 - 45.1) 20.5 (17.6 - 23.8) 11.2 (9.1 - 13.8)

26-34 42.4 (38.5 - 46.5) 9.3 (7.5 - 11.6) 5.2 (3.8 - 7.1)

A35 25.7 (23.4 - 28.1) 3.7 (2.9 - 4.8) 2.6 (1.8 - 3.5)

GENDER

Male 34.5 (32.0 - 37.1) 10.1 (8.7 - 11.7) 6.6 (5.4 - 8.1)

Female 24.4 (22.3 - 26.6) 5.4 (4.5 - 6.5) 2.6 (2.0 - 3.4)

TOTAL 29.2 (27.3 - 31.3) 7.6 (6.8 - 8.6) 4.5 (3.9 - 5.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,179 (1,022 - 1,356) 948 (801 - 1,118) 556 (448 - 688)

18-25 4,180 (3,837 - 4,531) 2,061 (1,764 - 2,393) 1,126 (911 - 1,385)

26-34 5,154 (4,679 - 5,641) 1,135 (906 - 1,413) 634 (461 - 867)

A35 12,089 (10,997 - 13,249) 1,766 (1,372 - 2,268) 1,202 (869 - 1,659)

GENDER

Male 12,759 (11,815 - 13,737) 3,730 (3,219 - 4,313) 2,453 (2,014 - 2,981)

Female 9,843 (8,986 - 10,753) 2,180 (1,818 - 2,608) 1,065 (821 - 1,380)

TOTAL 22,602 (21,095 - 24,170) 5,910 (5,249 - 6,646) 3,518 (3,011 - 4,107)

Table 3H. Marijuana Use by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 19.1 (16.8 - 21.6) 15.5 (13.3 - 17.9) 8.6 (7.0 - 10.5)

18-25 44.9 (41.0 - 48.7) 24.9 (22.0 - 28.0) 14.3 (12.3 - 16.7)

26-34 47.0 (43.1 - 50.9) 9.5 (7.3 - 12.3) 5.6 (3.9 - 8.0)

A35 36.2 (33.1 - 39.5) 5.4 (4.2 - 7.0) 3.3 (2.3 - 4.6)

GENDER

Male 42.7 (39.3 - 46.1) 12.1 (10.5 - 13.9) 7.1 (5.7 - 8.9)

Female 32.0 (28.9 - 35.3) 7.6 (6.6 - 8.7) 4.3 (3.6 - 5.2)

TOTAL 37.3 (34.8 - 39.8) 9.8 (8.7 - 11.0) 5.7 (4.7 - 6.8)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 994 (873 - 1,127) 805 (691 - 934) 449 (367 - 546)

18-25 2,845 (2,603 - 3,091) 1,580 (1,398 - 1,777) 908 (777 - 1,058)

26-34 3,705 (3,400 - 4,014) 752 (577 - 973) 439 (305 - 628)

A35 10,201 (9,313 - 11,124) 1,535 (1,190 - 1,971) 922 (654 - 1,293)

GENDER

Male 10,030 (9,235 - 10,842) 2,843 (2,466 - 3,268) 1,675 (1,338 - 2,089)

Female 7,716 (6,957 - 8,515) 1,829 (1,593 - 2,098) 1,043 (863 - 1,258)

TOTAL 17,746 (16,566 - 18,958) 4,672 (4,146 - 5,257) 2,718 (2,260 - 3,261)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
30
31

Cocaine - Total Population

Table 4A. Cocaine Use by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 2.2 (1.7 - 2.7) 1.7 (1.3 - 2.2) 0.8 (0.5 - 1.2)

Male 2.0 (1.4 - 2.8) 1.3 (0.9 - 2.0) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.1)

Female 2.4 (1.8 - 3.3) 2.0 (1.4 - 3.0) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.8)

18-25 10.0 (8.9 - 11.2) 4.7 (3.9 - 5.5) 2.0 (1.5 - 2.6)

Male 12.3 (10.6 - 14.2) 5.9 (4.7 - 7.4) 2.6 (1.8 - 3.7)

Female 7.7 (6.4 - 9.2) 3.4 (2.6 - 4.5) 1.3 (0.9 - 2.0)

26-34 17.1 (15.6 - 18.7) 2.7 (2.1 - 3.5) 1.2 (0.8 - 1.7)

Male 19.3 (17.0 - 21.9) 3.6 (2.6 - 5.0) 1.4 (0.8 - 2.4)

Female 14.8 (13.0 - 16.9) 1.9 (1.3 - 2.6) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.5)

A35 10.4 (9.3 - 11.6) 0.9 (0.7 - 1.2) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.7)

Male 13.7 (11.8 - 15.8) 1.3 (0.9 - 1.8) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.2)

Female 7.6 (6.4 - 8.9) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.9) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

TOTAL 10.6 (9.8 - 11.4) 1.7 (1.5 - 2.0) 0.8 (0.7 - 1.0)

Male 13.1 (12.0 - 14.4) 2.3 (1.9 - 2.7) 1.1 (0.8 - 1.4)

Female 8.2 (7.4 - 9.1) 1.2 (1.0 - 1.5) 0.5 (0.4 - 0.7)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 497 (396 - 623) 379 (285 - 503) 186 (121 - 283)

Male 227 (161 - 320) 151 (100 - 227) 72 (40 - 129)

Female 270 (195 - 372) 228 (155 - 333) 114 (65 - 200)

18-25 2,805 (2,502 - 3,140) 1,306 (1,097 - 1,552) 548 (409 - 733)

Male 1,737 (1,500 - 2,006) 834 (666 - 1,042) 364 (250 - 529)

Female 1,068 (890 - 1,278) 472 (353 - 628) 183 (118 - 283)

26-34 5,906 (5,387 - 6,464) 942 (731 - 1,211) 404 (279 - 584)

Male 3,318 (2,924 - 3,752) 618 (440 - 863) 243 (143 - 411)

Female 2,588 (2,266 - 2,948) 324 (229 - 457) 161 (100 - 258)

A35 13,880 (12,405 - 15,508) 1,185 (888 - 1,579) 612 (405 - 925)

Male 8,525 (7,379 - 9,817) 796 (555 - 1,141) 453 (270 - 758)

Female 5,356 (4,564 - 6,272) 388 (242 - 622) 160 (84 - 303)

TOTAL 23,089 (21,390 - 24,906) 3,811 (3,342 - 4,344) 1,750 (1,428 - 2,143)

Male 13,807 (12,587 - 15,127) 2,399 (2,027 - 2,837) 1,132 (866 - 1,478)

Female 9,282 (8,348 - 10,310) 1,412 (1,147 - 1,736) 618 (470 - 811)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
32

Cocaine - Race/Ethnicity

Table 4B. Cocaine Use by Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 2.4 (1.8 - 3.3) 1.9 (1.4 - 2.7) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.5)

18-25 11.7 (10.1 - 13.5) 5.5 (4.4 - 6.8) 2.2 (1.5 - 3.2)

26-34 19.6 (17.5 - 21.8) 2.9 (2.1 - 4.0) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.8)

A35 10.9 (9.5 - 12.4) 0.7 (0.5 - 1.1) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6)

GENDER

Male 13.9 (12.4 - 15.5) 2.1 (1.7 - 2.7) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.3)

Female 9.2 (8.1 - 10.4) 1.3 (1.0 - 1.6) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.7)

TOTAL 11.4 (10.4 - 12.5) 1.7 (1.4 - 2.0) 0.7 (0.5 - 0.9)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 372 (280 - 495) 291 (207 - 408) 141 (84 - 235)

18-25 2,194 (1,900 - 2,525) 1,031 (831 - 1,275) 413 (280 - 607)

26-34 4,653 (4,160 - 5,189) 693 (501 - 956) 235 (131 - 418)

A35 11,311 (9,909 - 12,885) 734 (483 - 1,113) 330 (166 - 657)

GENDER

Male 10,857 (9,720 - 12,104) 1,667 (1,332 - 2,085) 713 (480 - 1,057)

Female 7,673 (6,762 - 8,693) 1,081 (847 - 1,380) 406 (279 - 591)

TOTAL 18,530 (16,894 - 20,303) 2,749 (2,333 - 3,236) 1,119 (845 - 1,481)

Table 4C. Cocaine Use by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 3.3 (2.4 - 4.5) 2.5 (1.7 - 3.7) 1.4 (0.8 - 2.3)

18-25 11.0 (9.2 - 13.1) 5.1 (3.9 - 6.6) 2.7 (1.9 - 3.9)

26-34 12.7 (10.6 - 15.1) 1.9 (1.2 - 2.9) 1.1 (0.6 - 2.0)

A35 8.0 (6.2 - 10.4) 1.3 (0.8 - 2.2) 0.9 (0.5 - 1.6)

GENDER

Male 11.9 (9.8 - 14.3) 3.2 (2.5 - 4.1) 1.8 (1.3 - 2.5)

Female 5.8 (4.8 - 7.0) 1.3 (0.9 - 1.8) 0.8 (0.5 - 1.3)

TOTAL 8.9 (7.7 - 10.2) 2.3 (1.9 - 2.8) 1.3 (1.0 - 1.7)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 102 (74 - 140) 78 (52 - 115) 42 (25 - 72)

18-25 429 (358 - 512) 199 (154 - 256) 106 (73 - 153)

26-34 593 (495 - 706) 87 (56 - 135) 51 (28 - 93)

A35 856 (656 - 1,109) 142 (85 - 237) 94 (51 - 174)

GENDER

Male 1,343 (1,112 - 1,615) 364 (285 - 463) 206 (149 - 285)

Female 637 (526 - 769) 142 (100 - 201) 87 (54 - 140)

TOTAL 1,980 (1,717 - 2,278) 505 (414 - 617) 293 (224 - 383)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
33

Cocaine - Race/Ethnicity

Table 4D. Cocaine Use by Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 0.1 (0.0 - 0.5) * * * * 

18-25 3.5 (2.4 - 5.1) 1.4 (0.8 - 2.5) 0.6 (0.2 - 1.4)

26-34 10.7 (8.6 - 13.2) 3.4 (2.3 - 5.0) 2.7 (1.7 - 4.3)

A35 11.2 (9.0 - 13.8) 2.0 (1.3 - 3.0) 1.3 (0.8 - 2.2)

GENDER

Male 12.0 (9.6 - 14.9) 2.5 (1.8 - 3.6) 1.7 (1.1 - 2.7)

Female 5.6 (4.4 - 6.9) 1.3 (0.8 - 2.3) 0.9 (0.5 - 1.5)

TOTAL 8.5 (7.1 - 10.0) 1.9 (1.4 - 2.5) 1.3 (0.9 - 1.8)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 3 (1 - 17) * * * * 

18-25 139 (95 - 202) 54 (30 - 96) 23 (9 - 56)

26-34 467 (376 - 576) 148 (99 - 220) 118 (73 - 187)

A35 1,485 (1,198 - 1,829) 261 (170 - 401) 173 (103 - 289)

GENDER

Male 1,336 (1,069 - 1,658) 280 (196 - 398) 193 (122 - 304)

Female 758 (607 - 944) 183 (106 - 315) 121 (69 - 211)

TOTAL 2,094 (1,770 - 2,471) 463 (349 - 612) 313 (220 - 445)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
34

Cocaine - Region

Table 4E. Cocaine Use by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.2 (0.6 - 2.7) 0.6 (0.2 - 1.7) 0.2 (0.0 - 1.1)

18-25 7.1 (4.7 - 10.6) 3.3 (1.8 - 6.0) 1.8 (0.7 - 4.5)

26-34 22.1 (18.3 - 26.5) 2.5 (1.2 - 4.9) 1.9 (0.9 - 3.8)

A35 11.7 (8.6 - 15.8) 0.4 (0.2 - 1.1) * * 

GENDER

Male 15.4 (12.2 - 19.3) 1.2 (0.7 - 2.1) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.8)

Female 8.6 (6.9 - 10.7) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.7) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.7)

TOTAL 11.8 (9.8 - 14.2) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.6) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.0)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 51 (23 - 109) 25 (9 - 68) 6 (1 - 44)

18-25 351 (232 - 525) 163 (89 - 297) 89 (35 - 221)

26-34 1,491 (1,234 - 1,785) 167 (83 - 333) 127 (63 - 255)

A35 3,126 (2,296 - 4,203) 107 (40 - 283) * * 

GENDER

Male 3,100 (2,446 - 3,891) 246 (140 - 432) 166 (77 - 357)

Female 1,919 (1,541 - 2,378) 216 (125 - 372) 67 (29 - 155)

TOTAL 5,019 (4,167 - 6,017) 462 (310 - 690) 234 (129 - 424)

Table 4F. Cocaine Use by Age Group and Gender for North Central Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.5 (0.8 - 2.7) 1.2 (0.6 - 2.4) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.2)

18-25 12.0 (9.4 - 15.1) 5.4 (3.7 - 8.0) 2.3 (1.3 - 4.0)

26-34 14.8 (11.9 - 18.2) 2.9 (1.8 - 4.6) 0.9 (0.4 - 2.0)

A35 9.1 (7.0 - 11.8) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.2) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.8)

GENDER

Male 12.0 (9.8 - 14.7) 2.2 (1.5 - 3.2) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.3)

Female 7.3 (5.7 - 9.2) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.6) 0.5 (0.3 - 1.0)

TOTAL 9.6 (8.1 - 11.2) 1.6 (1.2 - 2.1) 0.6 (0.4 - 1.0)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 82 (45 - 148) 66 (33 - 130) 23 (8 - 63)

18-25 795 (625 - 1,004) 361 (245 - 528) 151 (84 - 268)

26-34 1,158 (932 - 1,426) 225 (139 - 364) 72 (33 - 154)

A35 2,858 (2,200 - 3,688) 157 (68 - 364) 64 (17 - 239)

GENDER

Male 2,957 (2,398 - 3,625) 538 (367 - 785) 169 (90 - 317)

Female 1,936 (1,523 - 2,451) 272 (173 - 428) 140 (77 - 253)

TOTAL 4,893 (4,166 - 5,733) 810 (605 - 1,082) 309 (191 - 499)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
35

Cocaine - Region

Table 4G. Cocaine Use by Age Group and Gender for South Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 2.5 (1.7 - 3.7) 2.1 (1.2 - 3.5) 1.1 (0.5 - 2.3)

18-25 7.7 (6.0 - 9.9) 3.7 (2.6 - 5.2) 1.7 (0.9 - 3.1)

26-34 14.0 (11.2 - 17.4) 2.6 (1.6 - 4.1) 1.1 (0.6 - 2.3)

A35 7.4 (6.1 - 9.0) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.7) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.4)

GENDER

Male 10.2 (8.7 - 12.0) 2.4 (1.8 - 3.3) 1.4 (0.9 - 2.3)

Female 6.0 (4.7 - 7.4) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.5) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.9)

TOTAL 8.0 (6.9 - 9.3) 1.7 (1.4 - 2.2) 1.0 (0.7 - 1.4)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 202 (136 - 299) 165 (98 - 278) 89 (44 - 182)

18-25 778 (603 - 999) 369 (257 - 526) 170 (93 - 307)

26-34 1,700 (1,357 - 2,112) 318 (200 - 502) 137 (67 - 277)

A35 3,498 (2,885 - 4,228) 477 (286 - 792) 351 (188 - 653)

GENDER

Male 3,777 (3,205 - 4,437) 902 (656 - 1,238) 526 (331 - 835)

Female 2,401 (1,916 - 3,000) 426 (290 - 624) 221 (135 - 359)

TOTAL 6,178 (5,312 - 7,171) 1,329 (1,047 - 1,684) 747 (525 - 1,061)

Table 4H. Cocaine Use by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 3.1 (2.1 - 4.5) 2.3 (1.5 - 3.6) 1.3 (0.7 - 2.3)

18-25 13.9 (11.9 - 16.1) 6.5 (5.1 - 8.2) 2.2 (1.5 - 3.2)

26-34 19.7 (16.9 - 23.0) 2.9 (1.8 - 4.7) 0.9 (0.4 - 1.7)

A35 15.6 (13.5 - 18.0) 1.6 (1.0 - 2.4) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.1)

GENDER

Male 16.9 (14.5 - 19.6) 3.0 (2.4 - 3.8) 1.1 (0.8 - 1.6)

Female 12.6 (10.7 - 14.6) 2.1 (1.5 - 2.8) 0.8 (0.5 - 1.3)

TOTAL 14.7 (13.1 - 16.5) 2.5 (2.1 - 3.1) 1.0 (0.7 - 1.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 162 (111 - 237) 122 (79 - 187) 67 (38 - 119)

18-25 880 (756 - 1,021) 412 (326 - 520) 139 (93 - 205)

26-34 1,558 (1,332 - 1,812) 232 (143 - 373) 68 (35 - 134)

A35 4,398 (3,797 - 5,076) 444 (291 - 675) 185 (109 - 316)

GENDER

Male 3,973 (3,405 - 4,614) 712 (560 - 905) 270 (192 - 379)

Female 3,026 (2,590 - 3,523) 498 (360 - 685) 190 (117 - 306)

TOTAL 6,999 (6,228 - 7,848) 1,210 (998 - 1,465) 460 (344 - 614)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
36
37

Crack - Total Population

Table 5A. Crack Use by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 0.7 (0.5 - 1.2) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

Male 0.7 (0.4 - 1.3) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

Female 0.8 (0.4 - 1.4) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.2) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.0)

18-25 2.7 (2.1 - 3.4) 0.8 (0.5 - 1.1) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6)

Male 3.7 (2.8 - 4.9) 1.0 (0.7 - 1.7) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9)

Female 1.7 (1.1 - 2.4) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.9) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.6)

26-34 3.9 (3.1 - 4.8) 0.7 (0.5 - 1.1) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5)

Male 4.5 (3.4 - 6.0) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.3) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.6)

Female 3.2 (2.4 - 4.2) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.2) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.7)

A35 1.7 (1.3 - 2.1) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.3)

Male 2.4 (1.8 - 3.2) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

Female 1.0 (0.7 - 1.4) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

TOTAL 2.0 (1.8 - 2.3) 0.4 (0.4 - 0.6) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

Male 2.8 (2.3 - 3.3) 0.6 (0.4 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.2 - 0.4)

Female 1.4 (1.1 - 1.7) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.2)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 170 (110 - 264) 103 (59 - 178) 56 (26 - 121)

Male 83 (47 - 146) 40 (18 - 89) 18 (7 - 44)

Female 88 (49 - 157) 63 (30 - 132) 38 (13 - 110)

18-25 755 (600 - 950) 220 (154 - 314) 90 (49 - 163)

Male 523 (392 - 696) 148 (93 - 235) 53 (22 - 126)

Female 232 (159 - 339) 72 (42 - 123) 37 (17 - 79)

26-34 1,332 (1,076 - 1,646) 250 (169 - 369) 105 (62 - 179)

Male 780 (592 - 1,024) 128 (75 - 217) 46 (19 - 110)

Female 552 (412 - 739) 122 (70 - 211) 59 (28 - 127)

A35 2,218 (1,782 - 2,759) 399 (259 - 614) 187 (99 - 351)

Male 1,510 (1,144 - 1,990) 284 (163 - 494) 146 (67 - 316)

Female 708 (495 - 1,012) 114 (50 - 262) 40 (11 - 145)

TOTAL 4,476 (3,913 - 5,119) 971 (770 - 1,225) 437 (324 - 590)

Male 2,896 (2,436 - 3,439) 600 (446 - 808) 263 (179 - 384)

Female 1,580 (1,278 - 1,953) 371 (256 - 537) 175 (108 - 283)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
38

Crack - Race/Ethnicity

Table 5B. Crack Use by Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 0.8 (0.5 - 1.5) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.0) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.7)

18-25 3.2 (2.4 - 4.2) 0.8 (0.5 - 1.3) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8)

26-34 3.6 (2.6 - 4.9) 0.5 (0.3 - 1.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

A35 1.2 (0.9 - 1.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3) * * 

GENDER

Male 2.4 (1.8 - 3.0) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

Female 1.2 (0.9 - 1.6) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.4) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.2)

TOTAL 1.8 (1.5 - 2.2) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.4) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 129 (75 - 221) 74 (36 - 152) 39 (14 - 113)

18-25 596 (447 - 793) 153 (94 - 248) 68 (32 - 146)

26-34 846 (612 - 1,165) 122 (62 - 240) 39 (13 - 119)

A35 1,299 (937 - 1,800) 113 (43 - 296) * * 

GENDER

Male 1,857 (1,446 - 2,382) 250 (156 - 402) 50 (17 - 145)

Female 1,012 (773 - 1,325) 212 (130 - 344) 97 (47 - 198)

TOTAL 2,870 (2,357 - 3,491) 462 (327 - 654) 147 (80 - 268)

Table 5C. Crack Use by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.1 (0.6 - 2.0) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.4) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.2)

18-25 2.3 (1.6 - 3.3) 1.1 (0.6 - 1.8) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.6)

26-34 2.8 (1.9 - 4.3) 0.6 (0.2 - 1.5) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.6)

A35 1.5 (0.9 - 2.4) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.3) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.8)

GENDER

Male 2.5 (1.8 - 3.4) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.6) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6)

Female 1.2 (0.9 - 1.8) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6)

TOTAL 1.9 (1.4 - 2.4) 0.7 (0.5 - 1.0) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 35 (20 - 61) 22 (11 - 42) 17 (7 - 36)

18-25 91 (63 - 130) 42 (25 - 70) 10 (5 - 23)

26-34 132 (87 - 199) 28 (12 - 68) 4 (1 - 26)

A35 157 (96 - 257) 64 (29 - 143) 26 (8 - 83)

GENDER

Male 279 (204 - 380) 115 (72 - 184) 35 (18 - 70)

Female 136 (94 - 195) 42 (21 - 85) 21 (7 - 68)

TOTAL 415 (323 - 531) 157 (106 - 232) 56 (30 - 104)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
39

Crack - Race/Ethnicity

Table 5D. Crack Use by Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 * * * * * * 

18-25 1.4 (0.7 - 2.6) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.0) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.7)

26-34 6.3 (4.7 - 8.4) 2.3 (1.4 - 3.7) 1.4 (0.8 - 2.7)

A35 5.4 (4.1 - 7.0) 1.5 (0.9 - 2.5) 1.1 (0.6 - 2.0)

GENDER

Male 6.0 (4.5 - 8.1) 1.9 (1.2 - 2.9) 1.4 (0.9 - 2.3)

Female 2.7 (1.8 - 3.9) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.8) 0.4 (0.2 - 1.0)

TOTAL 4.2 (3.4 - 5.2) 1.3 (0.9 - 1.8) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 * * * * * * 

18-25 55 (29 - 102) 20 (10 - 41) 7 (2 - 28)

26-34 275 (206 - 366) 99 (62 - 159) 62 (33 - 116)

A35 710 (539 - 931) 205 (125 - 333) 145 (81 - 261)

GENDER

Male 671 (499 - 897) 209 (135 - 323) 159 (96 - 261)

Female 369 (252 - 538) 115 (52 - 250) 55 (22 - 140)

TOTAL 1,040 (841 - 1,284) 324 (229 - 457) 214 (138 - 332)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
40

Crack - Region

Table 5E. Crack Use by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 0.4 (0.1 - 1.3) 0.2 (0.0 - 1.2) * * 

18-25 1.6 (0.7 - 3.7) 0.5 (0.1 - 2.2) 0.3 (0.0 - 2.2)

26-34 3.1 (1.9 - 5.1) 1.0 (0.4 - 2.2) 0.6 (0.2 - 1.6)

A35 1.4 (0.8 - 2.6) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.7) * * 

GENDER

Male 2.2 (1.3 - 3.7) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.7)

Female 1.1 (0.6 - 1.9) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.0) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

TOTAL 1.6 (1.1 - 2.4) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 14 (4 - 51) 7 (1 - 49) * * 

18-25 81 (36 - 182) 26 (6 - 107) 15 (2 - 108)

26-34 211 (128 - 346) 66 (29 - 148) 41 (15 - 107)

A35 383 (209 - 697) 40 (8 - 197) * * 

GENDER

Male 445 (268 - 735) 62 (23 - 164) 38 (11 - 132)

Female 244 (140 - 423) 77 (25 - 233) 19 (4 - 91)

TOTAL 689 (471 - 1,006) 139 (75 - 256) 56 (21 - 147)

Table 5F. Crack Use by Age Group and Gender for North Central Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 0.7 (0.3 - 1.9) 0.5 (0.1 - 1.5) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.9)

18-25 3.0 (1.9 - 4.8) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.6) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.5)

26-34 3.3 (2.2 - 5.2) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.3) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.1)

A35 0.9 (0.5 - 1.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.6) * * 

GENDER

Male 1.8 (1.2 - 2.8) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.7) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

Female 1.3 (0.9 - 2.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

TOTAL 1.6 (1.2 - 2.1) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.5) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 40 (15 - 103) 25 (7 - 83) 12 (3 - 49)

18-25 200 (124 - 321) 44 (17 - 109) 23 (5 - 97)

26-34 262 (169 - 404) 37 (13 - 104) 25 (7 - 88)

A35 295 (160 - 543) 34 (6 - 199) * * 

GENDER

Male 451 (297 - 682) 77 (33 - 183) 41 (13 - 135)

Female 346 (226 - 529) 62 (25 - 151) 30 (8 - 109)

TOTAL 797 (595 - 1,065) 139 (75 - 259) 71 (30 - 169)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
41

Crack - Region

Table 5G. Crack Use by Age Group and Gender for South Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 0.8 (0.3 - 1.9) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.5) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.4)

18-25 2.5 (1.5 - 4.0) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.1) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.6)

26-34 4.6 (3.1 - 6.9) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.5) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.5)

A35 1.7 (1.2 - 2.4) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.7) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

GENDER

Male 3.1 (2.3 - 4.1) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.1) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6)

Female 1.4 (1.0 - 1.9) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.3)

TOTAL 2.2 (1.7 - 2.8) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.7) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 64 (26 - 154) 42 (15 - 117) 27 (7 - 109)

18-25 248 (152 - 404) 58 (29 - 114) 16 (5 - 57)

26-34 564 (378 - 836) 83 (39 - 177) 19 (5 - 64)

A35 805 (564 - 1,148) 189 (102 - 349) 110 (50 - 245)

GENDER

Male 1,129 (838 - 1,517) 255 (153 - 425) 123 (66 - 229)

Female 553 (397 - 768) 116 (61 - 222) 50 (20 - 120)

TOTAL 1,682 (1,317 - 2,146) 372 (248 - 557) 173 (104 - 287)

Table 5H. Crack Use by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.0 (0.6 - 1.5) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.0) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.7)

18-25 3.6 (2.7 - 4.8) 1.5 (0.9 - 2.3) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.0)

26-34 3.7 (2.6 - 5.4) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.6) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.0)

A35 2.6 (1.8 - 3.8) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.9) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6)

GENDER

Male 3.7 (2.7 - 5.1) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.3) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.5)

Female 1.8 (1.1 - 2.9) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.8) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.7)

TOTAL 2.7 (2.1 - 3.5) 0.7 (0.5 - 0.9) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 52 (34 - 81) 29 (16 - 53) 17 (8 - 36)

18-25 226 (169 - 301) 92 (59 - 143) 35 (19 - 66)

26-34 295 (205 - 422) 64 (32 - 129) 21 (5 - 78)

A35 735 (499 - 1,079) 136 (72 - 255) 64 (26 - 160)

GENDER

Male 871 (631 - 1,197) 206 (137 - 307) 61 (33 - 109)

Female 437 (277 - 688) 116 (66 - 204) 76 (35 - 167)

TOTAL 1,308 (1,015 - 1,682) 321 (231 - 446) 137 (82 - 228)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
42
43

Inhalant - Total Population

Table 6A. Inhalant Use by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 6.1 (5.2 - 7.1) 2.9 (2.4 - 3.6) 1.1 (0.8 - 1.5)

Male 6.1 (4.9 - 7.7) 2.8 (2.1 - 3.8) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.6)

Female 6.0 (4.9 - 7.4) 3.0 (2.3 - 4.0) 1.2 (0.8 - 1.8)

18-25 10.8 (9.4 - 12.3) 3.2 (2.5 - 4.1) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.7)

Male 14.0 (12.0 - 16.1) 4.6 (3.4 - 6.2) 1.9 (1.2 - 3.0)

Female 7.6 (5.9 - 9.7) 1.8 (1.1 - 2.7) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.7)

26-34 9.1 (7.8 - 10.6) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.9) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

Male 11.8 (9.9 - 14.0) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.4) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6)

Female 6.4 (5.1 - 8.0) 0.4 (0.1 - 0.9) * * 

A35 3.8 (3.1 - 4.6) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

Male 5.8 (4.6 - 7.3) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.7) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.4)

Female 2.0 (1.5 - 2.7) * * * * 

TOTAL 5.8 (5.2 - 6.4) 0.9 (0.8 - 1.1) 0.3 (0.3 - 0.4)

Male 7.9 (7.1 - 8.9) 1.3 (1.0 - 1.6) 0.5 (0.4 - 0.7)

Female 3.7 (3.2 - 4.4) 0.6 (0.5 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 1,387 (1,185 - 1,621) 664 (538 - 820) 253 (187 - 343)

Male 714 (572 - 888) 327 (242 - 441) 118 (73 - 189)

Female 673 (551 - 821) 338 (255 - 446) 135 (91 - 201)

18-25 3,023 (2,642 - 3,453) 895 (704 - 1,136) 308 (203 - 467)

Male 1,971 (1,698 - 2,281) 653 (481 - 882) 268 (169 - 424)

Female 1,052 (821 - 1,342) 242 (158 - 370) 40 (17 - 91)

26-34 3,151 (2,709 - 3,657) 173 (94 - 316) 37 (13 - 106)

Male 2,029 (1,701 - 2,411) 110 (49 - 243) 37 (13 - 105)

Female 1,122 (894 - 1,402) 63 (25 - 156) * * 

A35 5,028 (4,155 - 6,075) 277 (155 - 497) 115 (51 - 256)

Male 3,629 (2,888 - 4,546) 250 (134 - 465) 91 (34 - 243)

Female 1,399 (1,039 - 1,879) * * * * 

TOTAL 12,589 (11,304 - 14,010) 2,009 (1,693 - 2,384) 713 (556 - 913)

Male 8,344 (7,452 - 9,332) 1,339 (1,074 - 1,668) 515 (378 - 701)

Female 4,246 (3,639 - 4,948) 671 (521 - 862) 198 (134 - 293)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
44

Inhalant - Race/Ethnicity

Table 6B. Inhalant Use by Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 7.2 (5.9 - 8.7) 3.4 (2.6 - 4.4) 1.2 (0.8 - 1.8)

18-25 14.2 (12.2 - 16.4) 4.3 (3.3 - 5.6) 1.4 (0.8 - 2.2)

26-34 11.2 (9.5 - 13.1) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.2) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.5)

A35 4.2 (3.4 - 5.2) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

GENDER

Male 9.1 (8.0 - 10.3) 1.4 (1.1 - 1.9) 0.5 (0.4 - 0.8)

Female 4.3 (3.6 - 5.2) 0.7 (0.5 - 0.9) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

TOTAL 6.6 (5.9 - 7.5) 1.0 (0.8 - 1.3) 0.3 (0.3 - 0.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,096 (904 - 1,325) 521 (400 - 677) 185 (126 - 271)

18-25 2,660 (2,296 - 3,071) 804 (618 - 1,042) 256 (157 - 416)

26-34 2,652 (2,250 - 3,116) 139 (66 - 292) 30 (9 - 107)

A35 4,354 (3,511 - 5,389) 211 (102 - 439) 88 (30 - 263)

GENDER

Male 7,127 (6,298 - 8,053) 1,128 (874 - 1,455) 408 (281 - 592)

Female 3,635 (3,051 - 4,326) 546 (404 - 739) 151 (85 - 269)

TOTAL 10,762 (9,526 - 12,146) 1,674 (1,371 - 2,045) 559 (411 - 761)

Table 6C. Inhalant Use by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 5.6 (4.3 - 7.2) 2.8 (2.0 - 3.9) 1.4 (0.9 - 2.3)

18-25 5.9 (4.5 - 7.6) 1.4 (0.9 - 2.4) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.3)

26-34 5.5 (4.0 - 7.4) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.1) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.5)

A35 2.4 (1.6 - 3.8) 0.4 (0.1 - 0.9) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.7)

GENDER

Male 5.6 (4.5 - 7.0) 1.1 (0.8 - 1.7) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.0)

Female 2.5 (1.9 - 3.3) 0.7 (0.5 - 1.0) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5)

TOTAL 4.1 (3.5 - 4.9) 0.9 (0.7 - 1.2) 0.4 (0.3 - 0.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 173 (133 - 224) 86 (61 - 121) 45 (28 - 73)

18-25 230 (178 - 296) 56 (34 - 92) 27 (14 - 49)

26-34 255 (189 - 344) 22 (9 - 51) 5 (1 - 24)

A35 259 (166 - 402) 39 (16 - 95) 19 (5 - 77)

GENDER

Male 637 (513 - 790) 128 (87 - 188) 62 (36 - 109)

Female 280 (212 - 368) 74 (50 - 109) 33 (18 - 59)

TOTAL 917 (775 - 1,085) 202 (152 - 268) 95 (63 - 143)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
45

Inhalant - Race/Ethnicity

Table 6D. Inhalant Use by Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 2.1 (1.3 - 3.5) 1.0 (0.5 - 2.1) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.7)

18-25 2.2 (1.3 - 3.7) 0.9 (0.4 - 1.9) 0.6 (0.2 - 1.7)

26-34 2.1 (1.2 - 3.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.7) * * 

A35 2.2 (1.3 - 3.9) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.5) * * 

GENDER

Male 3.3 (2.0 - 5.2) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.7)

Female 1.3 (0.9 - 2.0) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.5) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

TOTAL 2.2 (1.5 - 3.2) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 69 (42 - 113) 33 (16 - 67) 17 (5 - 54)

18-25 88 (52 - 146) 34 (15 - 76) 25 (9 - 66)

26-34 91 (51 - 161) 4 (1 - 29) * * 

A35 296 (169 - 516) 11 (2 - 60) * * 

GENDER

Male 365 (227 - 583) 44 (21 - 88) 36 (16 - 82)

Female 178 (119 - 267) 38 (19 - 74) 13 (4 - 45)

TOTAL 543 (376 - 782) 81 (49 - 135) 50 (25 - 100)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
46

Inhalant - Region

Table 6E. Inhalant Use by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 4.9 (2.6 - 9.1) 2.3 (1.2 - 4.7) 1.3 (0.5 - 3.1)

18-25 11.1 (8.2 - 15.0) 4.0 (2.3 - 6.9) 0.8 (0.2 - 2.9)

26-34 9.9 (7.0 - 13.9) 0.7 (0.2 - 2.3) 0.3 (0.0 - 1.8)

A35 5.3 (3.6 - 7.8) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.7) * * 

GENDER

Male 9.9 (7.5 - 12.8) 1.1 (0.6 - 1.8) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.0)

Female 3.8 (2.8 - 5.3) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.2) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

TOTAL 6.7 (5.2 - 8.6) 0.8 (0.6 - 1.3) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 200 (105 - 371) 95 (47 - 190) 52 (21 - 127)

18-25 551 (404 - 741) 197 (111 - 343) 39 (10 - 143)

26-34 668 (470 - 939) 48 (14 - 157) 17 (2 - 123)

A35 1,418 (966 - 2,065) 19 (2 - 193) * * 

GENDER

Male 1,982 (1,517 - 2,570) 213 (122 - 371) 76 (29 - 200)

Female 855 (614 - 1,186) 146 (77 - 278) 43 (15 - 122)

TOTAL 2,837 (2,203 - 3,638) 359 (239 - 538) 119 (62 - 231)

Table 6F. Inhalant Use by Age Group and Gender for North Central Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 7.4 (5.6 - 9.7) 3.0 (1.9 - 4.7) 1.4 (0.8 - 2.6)

18-25 13.8 (10.2 - 18.4) 3.5 (2.1 - 6.1) 1.4 (0.7 - 2.7)

26-34 9.9 (7.6 - 12.9) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.1) * * 

A35 3.2 (2.0 - 5.1) * * * * 

GENDER

Male 8.3 (6.5 - 10.7) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.7) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.0)

Female 4.0 (2.7 - 5.8) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

TOTAL 6.1 (4.7 - 7.7) 0.8 (0.6 - 1.2) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 400 (302 - 527) 163 (104 - 253) 77 (42 - 139)

18-25 914 (674 - 1,222) 235 (136 - 403) 91 (46 - 181)

26-34 777 (595 - 1,008) 23 (6 - 86) * * 

A35 1,014 (640 - 1,597) * * * * 

GENDER

Male 2,051 (1,597 - 2,621) 270 (170 - 427) 117 (58 - 236)

Female 1,055 (712 - 1,553) 158 (90 - 276) 57 (22 - 145)

TOTAL 3,106 (2,427 - 3,960) 427 (298 - 613) 174 (100 - 303)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
47

Inhalant - Region

Table 6G. Inhalant Use by Age Group and Gender for South Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 5.1 (3.9 - 6.6) 2.6 (1.7 - 3.8) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.1)

18-25 7.9 (6.1 - 10.0) 2.8 (1.8 - 4.5) 1.3 (0.6 - 2.7)

26-34 7.2 (5.1 - 10.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

A35 2.6 (1.8 - 3.6) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6) * * 

GENDER

Male 5.6 (4.4 - 7.1) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.8) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8)

Female 3.0 (2.3 - 3.9) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.8) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

TOTAL 4.2 (3.4 - 5.2) 0.8 (0.6 - 1.2) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 406 (311 - 530) 208 (140 - 308) 49 (26 - 92)

18-25 789 (616 - 1,006) 283 (177 - 449) 126 (59 - 268)

26-34 875 (624 - 1,217) 24 (8 - 72) 9 (2 - 53)

A35 1,201 (860 - 1,673) 109 (43 - 279) * * 

GENDER

Male 2,061 (1,610 - 2,630) 420 (260 - 678) 156 (82 - 296)

Female 1,211 (918 - 1,593) 204 (131 - 318) 51 (19 - 138)

TOTAL 3,273 (2,649 - 4,034) 624 (428 - 909) 207 (121 - 356)

Table 6H. Inhalant Use by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 7.3 (5.8 - 9.2) 3.8 (2.7 - 5.3) 1.4 (0.9 - 2.3)

18-25 12.1 (10.1 - 14.4) 2.8 (1.9 - 4.3) 0.8 (0.5 - 1.4)

26-34 10.5 (8.1 - 13.5) 1.0 (0.4 - 2.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.5)

A35 4.9 (3.5 - 7.0) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.2) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.6)

GENDER

Male 9.6 (8.0 - 11.4) 1.9 (1.3 - 2.7) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.1)

Female 4.7 (3.7 - 5.9) 0.7 (0.5 - 0.9) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

TOTAL 7.1 (6.0 - 8.3) 1.3 (0.9 - 1.7) 0.4 (0.3 - 0.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 381 (300 - 481) 199 (142 - 276) 75 (46 - 121)

18-25 769 (643 - 916) 180 (118 - 273) 52 (30 - 90)

26-34 830 (643 - 1,064) 77 (28 - 211) 10 (3 - 42)

A35 1,393 (985 - 1,960) 143 (61 - 334) 74 (30 - 181)

GENDER

Male 2,249 (1,879 - 2,682) 436 (302 - 630) 165 (104 - 262)

Female 1,125 (894 - 1,412) 162 (115 - 228) 47 (26 - 85)

TOTAL 3,374 (2,874 - 3,953) 599 (450 - 795) 212 (146 - 308)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
48
49

Hallucinogen - Total Population

Table 7A. Hallucinogen Use by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 5.3 (4.6 - 6.2) 3.8 (3.2 - 4.6) 1.8 (1.4 - 2.5)

Male 5.4 (4.4 - 6.7) 4.0 (3.1 - 5.1) 2.1 (1.5 - 3.0)

Female 5.3 (4.1 - 6.8) 3.6 (2.6 - 5.0) 1.6 (0.9 - 2.5)

18-25 17.4 (15.6 - 19.3) 7.2 (6.1 - 8.5) 2.7 (2.0 - 3.6)

Male 20.5 (18.2 - 23.0) 8.8 (7.2 - 10.7) 3.1 (2.2 - 4.5)

Female 14.2 (12.1 - 16.6) 5.6 (4.3 - 7.1) 2.2 (1.3 - 3.5)

26-34 13.2 (11.7 - 14.8) 1.1 (0.8 - 1.7) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.7)

Male 16.2 (13.9 - 18.7) 1.5 (0.9 - 2.4) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.2)

Female 10.2 (8.6 - 12.0) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.5) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6)

A35 8.2 (7.2 - 9.4) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

Male 11.1 (9.4 - 13.1) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

Female 5.7 (4.8 - 6.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.7) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.7)

TOTAL 9.9 (9.1 - 10.7) 1.6 (1.4 - 1.9) 0.7 (0.5 - 0.9)

Male 12.6 (11.5 - 13.8) 2.0 (1.7 - 2.4) 0.8 (0.6 - 1.1)

Female 7.4 (6.5 - 8.3) 1.3 (1.0 - 1.6) 0.6 (0.4 - 0.8)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 1,217 (1,041 - 1,420) 869 (717 - 1,051) 415 (308 - 558)

Male 631 (514 - 774) 467 (365 - 594) 242 (170 - 343)

Female 585 (453 - 753) 402 (290 - 555) 173 (105 - 283)

18-25 4,858 (4,368 - 5,391) 2,006 (1,693 - 2,372) 742 (552 - 994)

Male 2,895 (2,568 - 3,253) 1,237 (1,012 - 1,507) 443 (307 - 636)

Female 1,963 (1,671 - 2,298) 768 (602 - 977) 299 (183 - 485)

26-34 4,556 (4,047 - 5,119) 392 (264 - 580) 146 (83 - 256)

Male 2,776 (2,392 - 3,208) 253 (154 - 413) 113 (59 - 213)

Female 1,781 (1,506 - 2,099) 139 (76 - 254) 33 (10 - 109)

A35 10,976 (9,651 - 12,464) 298 (144 - 614) 211 (81 - 550)

Male 6,937 (5,856 - 8,188) 152 (71 - 324) 70 (23 - 213)

Female 4,039 (3,372 - 4,829) 146 (46 - 464) 142 (43 - 466)

TOTAL 21,607 (19,932 - 23,407) 3,565 (3,071 - 4,136) 1,514 (1,192 - 1,921)

Male 13,239 (12,075 - 14,498) 2,109 (1,773 - 2,507) 868 (665 - 1,131)

Female 8,368 (7,407 - 9,443) 1,455 (1,171 - 1,808) 646 (436 - 957)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
50

Hallucinogen - Race/Ethnicity

Table 7B. Hallucinogen Use by Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 6.6 (5.5 - 7.9) 4.8 (3.9 - 6.0) 2.3 (1.6 - 3.1)

18-25 22.6 (20.2 - 25.1) 9.2 (7.7 - 10.9) 3.5 (2.5 - 4.8)

26-34 16.4 (14.4 - 18.5) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.7) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.7)

A35 9.1 (7.9 - 10.5) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

GENDER

Male 14.4 (13.0 - 15.8) 2.1 (1.7 - 2.6) 0.8 (0.6 - 1.1)

Female 8.8 (7.7 - 10.0) 1.6 (1.2 - 2.0) 0.7 (0.5 - 1.1)

TOTAL 11.5 (10.5 - 12.5) 1.8 (1.5 - 2.2) 0.8 (0.6 - 1.0)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,007 (841 - 1,202) 734 (591 - 910) 342 (244 - 479)

18-25 4,229 (3,794 - 4,699) 1,722 (1,444 - 2,046) 652 (471 - 899)

26-34 3,896 (3,433 - 4,408) 259 (163 - 410) 81 (37 - 175)

A35 9,473 (8,215 - 10,902) 239 (106 - 540) 179 (65 - 491)

GENDER

Male 11,243 (10,171 - 12,407) 1,654 (1,349 - 2,026) 651 (471 - 899)

Female 7,362 (6,446 - 8,395) 1,300 (1,021 - 1,655) 604 (398 - 915)

TOTAL 18,605 (17,009 - 20,330) 2,954 (2,501 - 3,488) 1,255 (958 - 1,642)

Table 7C. Hallucinogen Use by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 3.8 (2.8 - 5.0) 2.3 (1.6 - 3.3) 0.9 (0.5 - 1.4)

18-25 9.8 (8.2 - 11.7) 4.4 (3.3 - 5.9) 1.9 (1.2 - 3.1)

26-34 6.9 (5.3 - 9.0) 1.5 (0.7 - 3.1) 1.1 (0.4 - 2.7)

A35 3.4 (2.4 - 4.8) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.8) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.5)

GENDER

Male 6.9 (5.7 - 8.3) 2.1 (1.6 - 2.9) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.8)

Female 3.7 (3.0 - 4.5) 1.0 (0.7 - 1.4) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6)

TOTAL 5.3 (4.6 - 6.1) 1.6 (1.2 - 2.0) 0.7 (0.5 - 1.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 117 (87 - 156) 73 (51 - 103) 27 (16 - 45)

18-25 385 (322 - 458) 174 (129 - 232) 76 (48 - 120)

26-34 323 (247 - 421) 71 (34 - 146) 50 (20 - 127)

A35 361 (256 - 507) 30 (11 - 83) 7 (1 - 58)

GENDER

Male 783 (648 - 944) 241 (176 - 329) 127 (80 - 202)

Female 402 (327 - 494) 106 (72 - 154) 33 (18 - 62)

TOTAL 1,186 (1,027 - 1,368) 347 (274 - 439) 160 (109 - 236)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
51

Hallucinogen - Race/Ethnicity

Table 7D. Hallucinogen Use by Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 0.8 (0.4 - 1.7) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.6) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.3)

18-25 3.4 (2.1 - 5.4) 1.5 (0.8 - 2.7) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.9)

26-34 3.6 (2.3 - 5.5) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.1) * * 

A35 6.7 (4.9 - 9.0) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.5) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

GENDER

Male 7.6 (5.4 - 10.6) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.2) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.6)

Female 2.6 (1.8 - 3.7) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4) * * 

TOTAL 4.8 (3.7 - 6.3) 0.4 (0.3 - 0.7) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 27 (13 - 57) 22 (10 - 51) 16 (6 - 41)

18-25 134 (84 - 213) 59 (33 - 104) 12 (4 - 36)

26-34 155 (100 - 239) 16 (5 - 50) * * 

A35 882 (648 - 1,193) 12 (2 - 62) 8 (1 - 59)

GENDER

Male 846 (599 - 1,184) 81 (49 - 131) 31 (14 - 67)

Female 352 (245 - 505) 29 (14 - 60) * * 

TOTAL 1,198 (920 - 1,555) 109 (73 - 164) 38 (19 - 73)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
52

Hallucinogen - Region

Table 7E. Hallucinogen Use by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 4.7 (3.1 - 7.1) 3.6 (2.2 - 5.9) 1.8 (0.9 - 3.3)

18-25 17.3 (13.0 - 22.6) 7.6 (5.2 - 11.0) 1.9 (1.0 - 3.4)

26-34 12.7 (9.1 - 17.4) 0.7 (0.3 - 2.0) 0.5 (0.1 - 1.8)

A35 6.7 (4.6 - 9.6) 0.2 (0.0 - 1.6) 0.2 (0.0 - 1.6)

GENDER

Male 11.7 (9.3 - 14.6) 1.7 (1.1 - 2.5) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.2)

Female 5.9 (4.6 - 7.7) 1.3 (0.8 - 2.3) 0.6 (0.2 - 1.6)

TOTAL 8.7 (7.1 - 10.6) 1.5 (1.1 - 2.1) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.0)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 192 (126 - 290) 148 (91 - 240) 72 (37 - 136)

18-25 854 (642 - 1,116) 378 (258 - 546) 93 (51 - 166)

26-34 856 (615 - 1,172) 49 (17 - 137) 31 (8 - 123)

A35 1,777 (1,225 - 2,553) 58 (8 - 415) 58 (8 - 415)

GENDER

Male 2,358 (1,875 - 2,945) 334 (219 - 506) 118 (58 - 238)

Female 1,321 (1,014 - 1,714) 299 (176 - 506) 136 (52 - 353)

TOTAL 3,679 (3,013 - 4,474) 632 (455 - 878) 253 (145 - 442)

Table 7F. Hallucinogen Use by Age Group and Gender for North Central Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 6.0 (4.1 - 8.7) 3.8 (2.4 - 5.9) 2.3 (1.3 - 4.3)

18-25 21.3 (17.1 - 26.2) 10.6 (7.8 - 14.4) 5.0 (3.1 - 8.1)

26-34 14.6 (11.6 - 18.2) 1.8 (1.0 - 3.5) 0.8 (0.3 - 2.0)

A35 8.3 (6.1 - 11.3) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.6) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.6)

GENDER

Male 13.9 (11.4 - 17.0) 2.4 (1.7 - 3.4) 1.2 (0.7 - 2.0)

Female 7.7 (5.6 - 10.5) 1.8 (1.1 - 2.9) 0.9 (0.5 - 1.8)

TOTAL 10.7 (8.8 - 13.0) 2.1 (1.5 - 2.9) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 324 (222 - 470) 205 (130 - 322) 127 (69 - 231)

18-25 1,412 (1,134 - 1,736) 705 (516 - 952) 332 (204 - 534)

26-34 1,143 (907 - 1,428) 144 (76 - 271) 65 (26 - 159)

A35 2,603 (1,900 - 3,535) 26 (4 - 196) 26 (4 - 196)

GENDER

Male 3,429 (2,796 - 4,179) 596 (420 - 843) 299 (180 - 497)

Female 2,052 (1,497 - 2,790) 486 (303 - 774) 250 (128 - 489)

TOTAL 5,481 (4,493 - 6,656) 1,081 (777 - 1,502) 550 (360 - 837)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
53

Hallucinogen - Region

Table 7G. Hallucinogen Use by Age Group and Gender for South Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 4.7 (3.5 - 6.2) 3.6 (2.5 - 5.0) 1.3 (0.7 - 2.5)

18-25 14.0 (11.4 - 17.1) 5.0 (3.6 - 7.1) 2.2 (1.3 - 3.7)

26-34 10.5 (8.2 - 13.4) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.4) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.6)

A35 5.9 (4.7 - 7.5) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.9) 0.2 (0.0 - 1.1)

GENDER

Male 10.0 (8.4 - 11.7) 1.6 (1.1 - 2.2) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.1)

Female 5.4 (4.3 - 6.8) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.5) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9)

TOTAL 7.6 (6.5 - 8.8) 1.2 (0.9 - 1.7) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.9)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 378 (285 - 500) 286 (204 - 400) 103 (53 - 198)

18-25 1,412 (1,148 - 1,724) 506 (357 - 711) 222 (132 - 373)

26-34 1,279 (1,000 - 1,624) 61 (21 - 174) 16 (3 - 69)

A35 2,796 (2,191 - 3,555) 112 (28 - 440) 78 (12 - 514)

GENDER

Male 3,683 (3,112 - 4,344) 579 (403 - 831) 243 (140 - 422)

Female 2,182 (1,740 - 2,729) 386 (252 - 589) 176 (81 - 383)

TOTAL 5,865 (5,048 - 6,802) 965 (723 - 1,286) 419 (252 - 695)

Table 7H. Hallucinogen Use by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 6.2 (4.9 - 7.8) 4.4 (3.1 - 6.3) 2.2 (1.3 - 3.6)

18-25 18.6 (16.3 - 21.2) 6.6 (5.0 - 8.6) 1.5 (0.9 - 2.5)

26-34 16.2 (13.5 - 19.3) 1.8 (0.9 - 3.5) 0.4 (0.2 - 1.1)

A35 13.5 (11.3 - 16.0) 0.4 (0.1 - 0.9) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.7)

GENDER

Male 16.0 (13.4 - 19.0) 2.6 (1.9 - 3.3) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.4)

Female 11.7 (9.9 - 13.7) 1.2 (0.9 - 1.6) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6)

TOTAL 13.8 (12.1 - 15.7) 1.9 (1.5 - 2.3) 0.6 (0.4 - 0.9)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 322 (254 - 406) 229 (159 - 328) 114 (68 - 188)

18-25 1,182 (1,035 - 1,344) 418 (320 - 542) 95 (56 - 160)

26-34 1,279 (1,069 - 1,522) 138 (68 - 279) 34 (14 - 83)

A35 3,800 (3,188 - 4,507) 101 (42 - 241) 49 (12 - 189)

GENDER

Male 3,769 (3,161 - 4,469) 601 (458 - 787) 208 (134 - 322)

Female 2,813 (2,380 - 3,312) 285 (211 - 385) 84 (52 - 137)

TOTAL 6,582 (5,783 - 7,471) 886 (711 - 1,103) 292 (198 - 429)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
54
55

Any Psychotherapeutic - Total Population

Table 8A. Any Psychotherapeutic Use by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 5.6 (4.8 - 6.5) 3.7 (3.1 - 4.5) 1.7 (1.3 - 2.3)

Male 5.1 (4.1 - 6.4) 3.4 (2.6 - 4.5) 1.6 (1.1 - 2.5)

Female 6.1 (4.9 - 7.6) 4.0 (3.1 - 5.3) 1.7 (1.1 - 2.7)

18-25 11.4 (10.1 - 12.8) 6.4 (5.5 - 7.4) 2.7 (2.0 - 3.5)

Male 13.8 (11.6 - 16.3) 8.3 (6.7 - 10.2) 3.6 (2.5 - 5.2)

Female 8.9 (7.5 - 10.4) 4.4 (3.5 - 5.5) 1.7 (1.2 - 2.4)

26-34 11.5 (10.2 - 12.9) 3.1 (2.5 - 3.9) 1.3 (1.0 - 1.8)

Male 12.8 (10.8 - 15.1) 3.6 (2.7 - 4.9) 1.4 (0.9 - 2.2)

Female 10.1 (8.5 - 12.0) 2.6 (1.9 - 3.6) 1.2 (0.7 - 2.1)

A35 8.8 (7.8 - 10.1) 1.5 (1.2 - 2.0) 0.7 (0.5 - 0.9)

Male 11.1 (9.4 - 13.0) 1.9 (1.3 - 2.6) 0.9 (0.5 - 1.4)

Female 6.9 (5.9 - 8.0) 1.3 (0.9 - 1.8) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.8)

TOTAL 9.2 (8.4 - 10.1) 2.6 (2.3 - 3.0) 1.1 (0.9 - 1.4)

Male 11.1 (9.9 - 12.3) 3.2 (2.7 - 3.8) 1.4 (1.1 - 1.8)

Female 7.6 (6.8 - 8.4) 2.1 (1.8 - 2.5) 0.9 (0.7 - 1.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 1,277 (1,099 - 1,483) 843 (695 - 1,020) 383 (286 - 513)

Male 594 (477 - 739) 393 (299 - 517) 191 (126 - 288)

Female 683 (548 - 849) 449 (341 - 590) 192 (125 - 296)

18-25 3,181 (2,822 - 3,580) 1,784 (1,532 - 2,075) 746 (563 - 985)

Male 1,952 (1,646 - 2,304) 1,173 (948 - 1,446) 513 (354 - 739)

Female 1,229 (1,044 - 1,443) 611 (488 - 763) 233 (162 - 334)

26-34 3,963 (3,518 - 4,458) 1,080 (859 - 1,356) 462 (333 - 639)

Male 2,197 (1,851 - 2,596) 623 (458 - 844) 244 (159 - 375)

Female 1,767 (1,486 - 2,094) 457 (330 - 632) 217 (129 - 364)

A35 11,771 (10,333 - 13,388) 2,052 (1,609 - 2,613) 887 (627 - 1,253)

Male 6,892 (5,861 - 8,078) 1,165 (835 - 1,621) 534 (330 - 864)

Female 4,880 (4,176 - 5,692) 887 (628 - 1,251) 352 (214 - 580)

TOTAL 20,193 (18,433 - 22,103) 5,759 (5,055 - 6,557) 2,477 (2,052 - 2,989)

Male 11,634 (10,412 - 12,980) 3,354 (2,828 - 3,975) 1,482 (1,140 - 1,925)

Female 8,559 (7,669 - 9,543) 2,405 (2,030 - 2,847) 995 (776 - 1,274)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
56

Any Psychotherapeutic - Race/Ethnicity

Table 8B. Any Psychotherapeutic Use by Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 6.2 (5.1 - 7.5) 4.3 (3.4 - 5.4) 1.9 (1.3 - 2.7)

18-25 13.7 (11.9 - 15.8) 8.1 (6.8 - 9.6) 3.2 (2.3 - 4.5)

26-34 13.5 (11.6 - 15.5) 3.5 (2.6 - 4.5) 1.4 (0.9 - 2.1)

A35 9.6 (8.3 - 11.0) 1.5 (1.1 - 2.0) 0.6 (0.4 - 1.0)

GENDER

Male 12.5 (11.0 - 14.1) 3.4 (2.8 - 4.2) 1.5 (1.1 - 2.0)

Female 8.3 (7.3 - 9.3) 2.2 (1.8 - 2.7) 0.9 (0.7 - 1.2)

TOTAL 10.3 (9.3 - 11.4) 2.8 (2.4 - 3.2) 1.2 (0.9 - 1.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 941 (777 - 1,138) 652 (515 - 822) 292 (204 - 418)

18-25 2,570 (2,228 - 2,955) 1,516 (1,272 - 1,802) 608 (436 - 845)

26-34 3,204 (2,769 - 3,695) 822 (625 - 1,077) 333 (217 - 510)

A35 9,976 (8,636 - 11,498) 1,532 (1,135 - 2,066) 662 (430 - 1,020)

GENDER

Male 9,787 (8,636 - 11,067) 2,690 (2,214 - 3,263) 1,153 (843 - 1,576)

Female 6,904 (6,131 - 7,764) 1,832 (1,498 - 2,237) 742 (549 - 1,002)

TOTAL 16,691 (15,063 - 18,473) 4,521 (3,908 - 5,227) 1,895 (1,515 - 2,369)

Table 8C. Any Psychotherapeutic Use by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 5.2 (4.0 - 6.8) 3.4 (2.4 - 4.7) 1.4 (0.8 - 2.3)

18-25 7.6 (6.2 - 9.3) 3.5 (2.7 - 4.6) 1.6 (1.0 - 2.5)

26-34 6.4 (4.9 - 8.4) 2.1 (1.3 - 3.5) 1.0 (0.5 - 1.9)

A35 6.0 (4.4 - 8.1) 2.3 (1.4 - 3.6) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.9)

GENDER

Male 7.1 (5.7 - 8.7) 2.6 (1.8 - 3.7) 1.1 (0.6 - 1.8)

Female 5.4 (4.3 - 6.8) 2.6 (1.9 - 3.5) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.7)

TOTAL 6.3 (5.4 - 7.3) 2.6 (2.0 - 3.3) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 163 (126 - 211) 105 (74 - 147) 43 (26 - 72)

18-25 297 (241 - 365) 138 (105 - 180) 62 (39 - 97)

26-34 300 (228 - 393) 99 (60 - 163) 47 (25 - 88)

A35 637 (467 - 865) 241 (150 - 386) 90 (41 - 198)

GENDER

Male 799 (644 - 987) 295 (208 - 416) 121 (71 - 208)

Female 599 (478 - 749) 288 (212 - 390) 121 (76 - 192)

TOTAL 1,398 (1,197 - 1,629) 583 (457 - 741) 242 (161 - 365)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
57

Any Psychotherapeutic - Race/Ethnicity

Table 8D. Any Psychotherapeutic Use by Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 4.3 (3.1 - 6.0) 1.9 (1.1 - 3.4) 1.1 (0.5 - 2.3)

18-25 7.0 (5.4 - 9.1) 2.8 (2.0 - 4.1) 1.8 (1.1 - 2.9)

26-34 7.0 (4.8 - 9.9) 2.5 (1.5 - 4.0) 1.3 (0.6 - 2.6)

A35 6.9 (5.1 - 9.1) 1.7 (1.1 - 2.7) 0.9 (0.4 - 1.7)

GENDER

Male 7.9 (6.1 - 10.2) 2.5 (1.7 - 3.6) 1.4 (0.8 - 2.4)

Female 5.5 (4.2 - 7.2) 1.7 (1.3 - 2.4) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.3)

TOTAL 6.6 (5.4 - 8.0) 2.1 (1.6 - 2.6) 1.1 (0.8 - 1.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 139 (100 - 194) 63 (36 - 110) 35 (16 - 76)

18-25 277 (214 - 356) 112 (77 - 162) 72 (45 - 115)

26-34 304 (211 - 433) 108 (67 - 172) 57 (28 - 114)

A35 909 (681 - 1,206) 227 (142 - 363) 114 (58 - 222)

GENDER

Male 878 (675 - 1,134) 273 (184 - 403) 157 (90 - 271)

Female 751 (570 - 985) 237 (172 - 325) 121 (80 - 182)

TOTAL 1,628 (1,340 - 1,974) 510 (397 - 655) 278 (197 - 391)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
58

Any Psychotherapeutic - Region

Table 8E. Any Psychotherapeutic Use by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 5.6 (3.8 - 8.2) 3.5 (2.1 - 5.9) 2.2 (1.1 - 4.4)

18-25 9.4 (6.8 - 12.7) 5.1 (3.3 - 8.0) 1.9 (1.0 - 3.5)

26-34 11.2 (8.5 - 14.6) 2.2 (1.2 - 3.8) 1.0 (0.5 - 2.1)

A35 10.2 (7.0 - 14.6) 1.1 (0.6 - 2.1) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.3)

GENDER

Male 12.4 (9.3 - 16.2) 2.2 (1.4 - 3.5) 1.1 (0.6 - 2.1)

Female 7.5 (5.8 - 9.7) 1.8 (1.2 - 2.6) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.1)

TOTAL 9.8 (7.7 - 12.5) 2.0 (1.5 - 2.6) 0.9 (0.5 - 1.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 228 (154 - 334) 144 (86 - 240) 89 (44 - 179)

18-25 463 (338 - 629) 254 (162 - 394) 92 (48 - 172)

26-34 754 (573 - 983) 147 (84 - 257) 66 (31 - 140)

A35 2,710 (1,858 - 3,890) 292 (155 - 546) 115 (38 - 347)

GENDER

Male 2,491 (1,877 - 3,269) 446 (280 - 705) 222 (119 - 415)

Female 1,664 (1,282 - 2,147) 392 (264 - 580) 139 (75 - 255)

TOTAL 4,155 (3,247 - 5,281) 838 (625 - 1,120) 361 (228 - 571)

Table 8F. Any Psychotherapeutic Use by Age Group and Gender for North Central Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 5.1 (3.5 - 7.3) 3.7 (2.3 - 5.7) 1.8 (0.9 - 3.7)

18-25 12.2 (9.5 - 15.4) 6.7 (4.7 - 9.3) 2.7 (1.6 - 4.6)

26-34 10.2 (7.4 - 13.7) 2.6 (1.5 - 4.4) 1.1 (0.4 - 2.7)

A35 6.9 (5.2 - 9.0) 1.2 (0.6 - 2.3) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.2)

GENDER

Male 10.4 (8.4 - 12.9) 3.1 (2.2 - 4.3) 1.2 (0.6 - 2.2)

Female 5.5 (4.2 - 7.1) 1.7 (1.0 - 2.7) 0.9 (0.4 - 1.6)

TOTAL 7.9 (6.5 - 9.5) 2.4 (1.7 - 3.2) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.7)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 276 (190 - 398) 199 (127 - 310) 100 (50 - 201)

18-25 806 (632 - 1,019) 441 (312 - 618) 179 (104 - 306)

26-34 796 (583 - 1,073) 204 (119 - 348) 84 (32 - 215)

A35 2,144 (1,631 - 2,804) 362 (183 - 712) 155 (61 - 390)

GENDER

Male 2,563 (2,058 - 3,175) 761 (543 - 1,064) 292 (155 - 547)

Female 1,458 (1,125 - 1,883) 445 (277 - 713) 226 (117 - 436)

TOTAL 4,022 (3,330 - 4,843) 1,207 (885 - 1,641) 518 (317 - 844)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
59

Any Psychotherapeutic - Region

Table 8G. Any Psychotherapeutic Use by Age Group and Gender for South Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 6.0 (4.7 - 7.6) 3.8 (2.8 - 5.2) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.8)

18-25 10.9 (8.6 - 13.6) 6.0 (4.3 - 8.3) 3.1 (1.8 - 5.2)

26-34 11.2 (8.7 - 14.3) 2.9 (1.7 - 4.8) 1.3 (0.7 - 2.5)

A35 7.8 (6.1 - 10.0) 1.7 (1.1 - 2.6) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.1)

GENDER

Male 10.1 (8.2 - 12.5) 3.3 (2.4 - 4.5) 1.4 (0.9 - 2.3)

Female 7.1 (5.7 - 8.8) 2.1 (1.6 - 2.9) 0.8 (0.5 - 1.2)

TOTAL 8.5 (7.1 - 10.2) 2.7 (2.1 - 3.4) 1.1 (0.8 - 1.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 482 (378 - 612) 309 (226 - 421) 90 (56 - 145)

18-25 1,093 (867 - 1,370) 606 (436 - 835) 310 (183 - 520)

26-34 1,363 (1,059 - 1,740) 353 (212 - 584) 162 (87 - 299)

A35 3,670 (2,856 - 4,693) 799 (519 - 1,225) 274 (141 - 528)

GENDER

Male 3,739 (3,019 - 4,609) 1,207 (875 - 1,659) 520 (316 - 852)

Female 2,869 (2,319 - 3,538) 860 (627 - 1,178) 316 (201 - 496)

TOTAL 6,609 (5,501 - 7,915) 2,067 (1,607 - 2,654) 835 (595 - 1,172)

Table 8H. Any Psychotherapeutic Use by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 5.6 (4.4 - 7.1) 3.7 (2.7 - 4.9) 2.0 (1.2 - 3.3)

18-25 12.9 (10.4 - 15.9) 7.6 (5.8 - 10.0) 2.6 (1.8 - 3.8)

26-34 13.3 (10.9 - 16.2) 4.8 (3.4 - 6.5) 1.9 (1.1 - 3.2)

A35 11.5 (9.8 - 13.6) 2.1 (1.5 - 3.0) 1.2 (0.8 - 2.0)

GENDER

Male 12.1 (9.9 - 14.6) 4.0 (3.1 - 5.2) 1.9 (1.3 - 2.9)

Female 10.7 (9.0 - 12.5) 2.9 (2.3 - 3.8) 1.3 (0.9 - 1.9)

TOTAL 11.4 (10.0 - 12.9) 3.5 (2.9 - 4.2) 1.6 (1.2 - 2.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 292 (228 - 372) 190 (140 - 257) 103 (62 - 172)

18-25 819 (658 - 1,011) 483 (366 - 634) 165 (112 - 243)

26-34 1,051 (859 - 1,278) 375 (271 - 517) 151 (91 - 249)

A35 3,247 (2,750 - 3,820) 599 (419 - 852) 343 (214 - 550)

GENDER

Male 2,841 (2,337 - 3,436) 941 (727 - 1,214) 448 (296 - 674)

Female 2,567 (2,172 - 3,024) 707 (543 - 918) 314 (214 - 462)

TOTAL 5,408 (4,768 - 6,122) 1,648 (1,368 - 1,982) 762 (574 - 1,011)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
60
61

Stimulant - Total Population

Table 9A. Stimulant Use by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 1.7 (1.3 - 2.2) 1.2 (0.8 - 1.6) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.0)

Male 1.8 (1.2 - 2.6) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.8) 0.6 (0.2 - 1.4)

Female 1.7 (1.1 - 2.4) 1.3 (0.9 - 2.1) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.0)

18-25 3.9 (3.2 - 4.9) 1.9 (1.3 - 2.6) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.1)

Male 4.3 (3.2 - 5.7) 2.3 (1.5 - 3.6) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.6)

Female 3.6 (2.7 - 4.8) 1.4 (0.9 - 2.1) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.9)

26-34 5.1 (4.2 - 6.2) 0.6 (0.4 - 1.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

Male 5.6 (4.3 - 7.3) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.5) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.8)

Female 4.6 (3.4 - 6.2) 0.5 (0.3 - 1.1) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.4)

A35 4.8 (4.0 - 5.7) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.6) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

Male 6.7 (5.3 - 8.4) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.1) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.7)

Female 3.1 (2.4 - 3.9) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

TOTAL 4.4 (3.9 - 5.0) 0.7 (0.5 - 0.9) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.4)

Male 5.7 (4.8 - 6.7) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.3) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.7)

Female 3.2 (2.7 - 3.9) 0.5 (0.4 - 0.6) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 391 (301 - 507) 267 (190 - 374) 130 (75 - 224)

Male 205 (140 - 300) 119 (66 - 213) 66 (28 - 158)

Female 186 (128 - 269) 148 (95 - 229) 63 (35 - 116)

18-25 1,102 (887 - 1,366) 518 (374 - 715) 164 (91 - 294)

Male 603 (449 - 806) 324 (208 - 503) 94 (39 - 227)

Female 499 (376 - 660) 193 (125 - 297) 70 (37 - 131)

26-34 1,766 (1,462 - 2,130) 219 (132 - 363) 76 (38 - 153)

Male 967 (740 - 1,259) 127 (63 - 259) 50 (19 - 131)

Female 799 (590 - 1,077) 92 (46 - 183) 26 (10 - 69)

A35 6,354 (5,333 - 7,560) 486 (288 - 819) 264 (138 - 503)

Male 4,170 (3,326 - 5,209) 359 (181 - 710) 192 (81 - 450)

Female 2,184 (1,707 - 2,790) 126 (61 - 260) 72 (28 - 187)

TOTAL 9,614 (8,450 - 10,929) 1,489 (1,146 - 1,934) 633 (434 - 925)

Male 5,945 (5,003 - 7,053) 930 (646 - 1,337) 402 (233 - 693)

Female 3,668 (3,078 - 4,367) 560 (426 - 735) 231 (156 - 341)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
62

Stimulant - Race/Ethnicity

Table 9B. Stimulant Use by Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.8 (1.3 - 2.5) 1.3 (0.9 - 2.0) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.2)

18-25 4.7 (3.7 - 6.1) 2.3 (1.6 - 3.4) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.4)

26-34 6.2 (5.0 - 7.7) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.3) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.6)

A35 5.3 (4.4 - 6.4) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

GENDER

Male 6.5 (5.3 - 7.9) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.4) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8)

Female 3.7 (3.0 - 4.4) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.7) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

TOTAL 5.0 (4.4 - 5.8) 0.7 (0.5 - 1.0) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 273 (195 - 382) 200 (132 - 303) 94 (47 - 187)

18-25 890 (692 - 1,143) 437 (300 - 635) 125 (60 - 258)

26-34 1,480 (1,192 - 1,831) 172 (92 - 320) 62 (26 - 150)

A35 5,507 (4,535 - 6,673) 331 (162 - 672) 199 (89 - 445)

GENDER

Male 5,080 (4,178 - 6,160) 729 (470 - 1,127) 318 (167 - 606)

Female 3,070 (2,537 - 3,709) 411 (290 - 582) 162 (93 - 282)

TOTAL 8,150 (7,048 - 9,412) 1,140 (830 - 1,564) 480 (303 - 761)

Table 9C. Stimulant Use by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.6 (1.0 - 2.6) 1.2 (0.7 - 2.1) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.1)

18-25 3.0 (2.2 - 4.2) 1.2 (0.7 - 2.0) 0.4 (0.2 - 1.0)

26-34 2.7 (1.7 - 4.1) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.5) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.7)

A35 2.7 (1.7 - 4.1) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.5) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.4)

GENDER

Male 3.1 (2.2 - 4.3) 0.9 (0.5 - 1.7) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.3)

Female 2.1 (1.4 - 3.0) 0.7 (0.5 - 1.1) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6)

TOTAL 2.6 (2.0 - 3.3) 0.8 (0.5 - 1.2) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 51 (32 - 82) 37 (21 - 67) 15 (6 - 35)

18-25 119 (85 - 165) 45 (26 - 79) 17 (7 - 40)

26-34 124 (79 - 193) 30 (13 - 70) 10 (3 - 31)

A35 285 (186 - 435) 66 (27 - 162) 47 (15 - 150)

GENDER

Male 350 (252 - 483) 101 (53 - 192) 53 (19 - 150)

Female 229 (157 - 332) 78 (51 - 119) 35 (19 - 64)

TOTAL 579 (455 - 735) 179 (118 - 271) 88 (45 - 173)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
63

Stimulant - Race/Ethnicity

Table 9D. Stimulant Use by Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.7 (0.9 - 3.3) 0.8 (0.2 - 2.2) 0.5 (0.1 - 2.0)

18-25 2.1 (1.2 - 3.6) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.6) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.3)

26-34 2.3 (1.3 - 4.0) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.2) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.7)

A35 3.6 (2.5 - 5.3) 0.6 (0.2 - 1.4) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.5)

GENDER

Male 4.3 (2.9 - 6.2) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.6) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6)

Female 1.8 (1.1 - 2.7) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6)

TOTAL 2.9 (2.2 - 3.8) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 57 (30 - 106) 24 (8 - 72) 17 (4 - 64)

18-25 81 (47 - 139) 30 (14 - 63) 20 (8 - 51)

26-34 99 (56 - 174) 17 (6 - 54) 4 (1 - 29)

A35 479 (325 - 702) 73 (29 - 182) 18 (5 - 68)

GENDER

Male 476 (327 - 688) 78 (35 - 175) 25 (10 - 64)

Female 240 (156 - 367) 67 (34 - 132) 33 (15 - 76)

TOTAL 716 (540 - 946) 145 (85 - 248) 59 (31 - 109)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
64

Stimulant - Region

Table 9E. Stimulant Use by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 2.1 (1.0 - 4.4) 1.5 (0.6 - 3.7) 0.9 (0.2 - 3.8)

18-25 1.6 (0.8 - 3.1) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.5) 0.2 (0.0 - 1.7)

26-34 4.6 (2.9 - 7.3) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.2) 0.2 (0.0 - 1.1)

A35 5.7 (3.7 - 8.9) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.7) * * 

GENDER

Male 6.7 (4.4 - 10.2) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.8)

Female 2.9 (1.7 - 4.8) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.5) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.6)

TOTAL 4.7 (3.4 - 6.6) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.6) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.4)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 84 (39 - 178) 59 (23 - 149) 37 (9 - 155)

18-25 78 (39 - 153) 17 (4 - 76) 12 (2 - 84)

26-34 310 (193 - 492) 19 (5 - 79) 14 (3 - 73)

A35 1,529 (979 - 2,360) 18 (2 - 195) * * 

GENDER

Male 1,355 (883 - 2,054) 81 (35 - 191) 38 (9 - 160)

Female 645 (389 - 1,062) 32 (9 - 117) 25 (5 - 127)

TOTAL 2,001 (1,424 - 2,795) 113 (55 - 235) 63 (21 - 186)

Table 9F. Stimulant Use by Age Group and Gender for North Central Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.7 (1.0 - 2.8) 1.2 (0.6 - 2.5) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.2)

18-25 4.4 (2.7 - 6.9) 1.9 (0.9 - 4.0) 0.9 (0.3 - 2.8)

26-34 5.1 (3.4 - 7.6) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.7) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.2)

A35 3.8 (2.4 - 5.9) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.6) * * 

GENDER

Male 5.3 (3.6 - 7.7) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.4) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.8)

Female 2.5 (1.8 - 3.5) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

TOTAL 3.8 (2.8 - 5.1) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.9) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 92 (54 - 154) 64 (30 - 137) 22 (8 - 63)

18-25 289 (182 - 455) 125 (58 - 265) 59 (19 - 185)

26-34 397 (263 - 593) 55 (23 - 135) 25 (7 - 92)

A35 1,173 (746 - 1,830) 33 (5 - 198) * * 

GENDER

Male 1,292 (878 - 1,886) 173 (88 - 341) 72 (27 - 193)

Female 659 (469 - 922) 104 (52 - 207) 48 (17 - 132)

TOTAL 1,951 (1,444 - 2,626) 277 (167 - 460) 120 (59 - 245)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
65

Stimulant - Region

Table 9G. Stimulant Use by Age Group and Gender for South Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.2 (0.7 - 2.2) 1.0 (0.5 - 2.0) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.0)

18-25 3.4 (2.3 - 5.0) 1.8 (1.0 - 3.2) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.7)

26-34 4.4 (2.9 - 6.4) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.7) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.8)

A35 3.6 (2.7 - 4.9) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.2) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.8)

GENDER

Male 4.6 (3.4 - 6.1) 1.0 (0.5 - 2.0) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.9)

Female 2.4 (1.7 - 3.5) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

TOTAL 3.5 (2.7 - 4.3) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.2) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 98 (55 - 175) 83 (43 - 160) 39 (18 - 84)

18-25 341 (231 - 502) 178 (99 - 319) 35 (16 - 75)

26-34 528 (355 - 780) 64 (19 - 208) 21 (4 - 101)

A35 1,703 (1,262 - 2,291) 233 (92 - 586) 71 (14 - 360)

GENDER

Male 1,685 (1,258 - 2,249) 352 (169 - 731) 93 (26 - 336)

Female 986 (691 - 1,402) 206 (134 - 317) 73 (38 - 141)

TOTAL 2,671 (2,120 - 3,360) 558 (344 - 904) 166 (77 - 358)

Table 9H. Stimulant Use by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 2.3 (1.5 - 3.4) 1.2 (0.6 - 2.1) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.4)

18-25 6.2 (4.5 - 8.5) 3.1 (1.9 - 5.0) 0.9 (0.3 - 2.5)

26-34 6.7 (5.0 - 9.0) 1.0 (0.5 - 2.2) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6)

A35 6.9 (5.5 - 8.7) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.3) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.3)

GENDER

Male 6.9 (5.3 - 8.9) 1.4 (0.8 - 2.2) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.8)

Female 5.7 (4.4 - 7.4) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.4) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.7)

TOTAL 6.3 (5.2 - 7.6) 1.1 (0.8 - 1.7) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 117 (77 - 179) 60 (33 - 111) 32 (14 - 73)

18-25 394 (286 - 538) 198 (122 - 318) 58 (21 - 156)

26-34 531 (393 - 712) 81 (37 - 174) 16 (5 - 50)

A35 1,949 (1,538 - 2,460) 202 (108 - 377) 178 (89 - 356)

GENDER

Male 1,613 (1,243 - 2,084) 323 (197 - 528) 199 (91 - 431)

Female 1,378 (1,056 - 1,789) 217 (136 - 348) 85 (41 - 178)

TOTAL 2,991 (2,478 - 3,600) 541 (364 - 802) 284 (159 - 506)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
66
67

Sedative - Total Population

Table 10A. Sedative Use by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 1.0 (0.7 - 1.4) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

Male 0.8 (0.5 - 1.4) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

Female 1.1 (0.6 - 2.0) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.5) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.7)

18-25 1.3 (0.8 - 1.9) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6)

Male 1.4 (0.8 - 2.4) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.7) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.3)

Female 1.1 (0.8 - 1.7) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.8) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

26-34 2.0 (1.5 - 2.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3) * * 

Male 2.2 (1.4 - 3.4) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

Female 1.8 (1.2 - 2.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3) * * 

A35 2.5 (2.1 - 3.1) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

Male 3.5 (2.7 - 4.5) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.5) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

Female 1.7 (1.3 - 2.3) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3) * * 

TOTAL 2.1 (1.8 - 2.5) 0.2 (0.2 - 0.3) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.2)

Male 2.7 (2.2 - 3.3) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.3)

Female 1.6 (1.3 - 2.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 223 (154 - 323) 129 (75 - 219) 45 (22 - 93)

Male 98 (57 - 167) 49 (25 - 96) 16 (6 - 43)

Female 125 (72 - 219) 79 (37 - 169) 30 (12 - 76)

18-25 350 (228 - 535) 136 (66 - 280) 58 (19 - 174)

Male 192 (106 - 344) 95 (38 - 238) 45 (12 - 177)

Female 158 (105 - 239) 40 (15 - 110) 13 (3 - 47)

26-34 685 (503 - 931) 36 (15 - 89) * * 

Male 371 (237 - 579) 17 (4 - 71) 10 (1 - 65)

Female 314 (208 - 472) 20 (6 - 61) * * 

A35 3,381 (2,769 - 4,124) 221 (117 - 415) 94 (32 - 282)

Male 2,167 (1,655 - 2,829) 157 (73 - 334) 66 (18 - 248)

Female 1,214 (919 - 1,603) 64 (23 - 178) * * 

TOTAL 4,640 (3,970 - 5,419) 522 (364 - 747) 210 (113 - 388)

Male 2,828 (2,272 - 3,514) 318 (197 - 514) 137 (62 - 304)

Female 1,812 (1,475 - 2,225) 204 (126 - 330) 72 (30 - 176)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
68

Sedative - Race/Ethnicity

Table 10B. Sedative Use by Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.0 (0.6 - 1.7) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.3) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

18-25 1.4 (0.8 - 2.4) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.4) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.9)

26-34 2.3 (1.6 - 3.3) * * * * 

A35 2.6 (2.1 - 3.3) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

GENDER

Male 2.9 (2.2 - 3.7) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

Female 1.7 (1.3 - 2.2) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

TOTAL 2.3 (1.9 - 2.7) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 151 (89 - 254) 104 (55 - 193) 33 (15 - 75)

18-25 261 (149 - 454) 112 (48 - 262) 49 (14 - 177)

26-34 544 (379 - 780) * * * * 

A35 2,725 (2,152 - 3,446) 105 (37 - 299) 69 (17 - 280)

GENDER

Male 2,246 (1,725 - 2,919) 192 (96 - 381) 93 (31 - 276)

Female 1,435 (1,126 - 1,828) 130 (65 - 260) 58 (20 - 168)

TOTAL 3,681 (3,053 - 4,435) 322 (197 - 525) 151 (68 - 336)

Table 10C. Sedative Use by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 0.7 (0.4 - 1.2) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.5) * * 

18-25 1.4 (0.8 - 2.3) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.8) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

26-34 1.5 (0.8 - 2.6) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.5) 0.2 (0.0 - 1.1)

A35 1.9 (1.1 - 3.2) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.1) * * 

GENDER

Male 2.1 (1.3 - 3.2) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

Female 1.0 (0.6 - 1.6) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9) * * 

TOTAL 1.5 (1.1 - 2.1) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 21 (11 - 38) 5 (1 - 15) * * 

18-25 53 (31 - 90) 14 (6 - 31) 3 (0 - 17)

26-34 69 (39 - 121) 30 (13 - 69) 10 (2 - 50)

A35 198 (114 - 342) 42 (16 - 112) * * 

GENDER

Male 233 (150 - 361) 47 (22 - 101) 13 (3 - 48)

Female 108 (68 - 173) 43 (19 - 96) * * 

TOTAL 341 (242 - 480) 90 (52 - 157) 13 (4 - 47)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
69

Sedative - Race/Ethnicity

Table 10D. Sedative Use by Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.5 (0.7 - 2.9) 0.5 (0.1 - 2.0) 0.3 (0.0 - 1.7)

18-25 0.9 (0.5 - 1.7) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.7) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.6)

26-34 1.0 (0.4 - 2.6) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.7) * * 

A35 2.5 (1.7 - 3.8) 0.4 (0.2 - 1.2) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.8)

GENDER

Male 2.6 (1.7 - 4.1) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.5) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.9)

Female 1.2 (0.8 - 2.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

TOTAL 1.9 (1.3 - 2.6) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 48 (24 - 95) 17 (4 - 64) 9 (1 - 55)

18-25 35 (19 - 66) 10 (4 - 27) 6 (2 - 24)

26-34 45 (17 - 113) 6 (1 - 30) * * 

A35 335 (219 - 509) 58 (21 - 163) 26 (6 - 110)

GENDER

Male 294 (186 - 462) 60 (22 - 163) 29 (8 - 105)

Female 168 (104 - 270) 30 (13 - 71) 13 (4 - 50)

TOTAL 462 (333 - 641) 91 (44 - 187) 43 (16 - 114)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
70

Sedative - Region

Table 10E. Sedative Use by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.3 (0.6 - 2.9) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.7) 0.2 (0.0 - 1.7)

18-25 0.8 (0.3 - 2.3) * * * * 

26-34 3.3 (1.9 - 5.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 1.0) * * 

A35 3.3 (2.1 - 5.1) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.7)

GENDER

Male 4.1 (2.6 - 6.3) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.6)

Female 1.7 (1.0 - 2.8) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4) * * 

TOTAL 2.8 (2.0 - 4.0) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.4) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 53 (24 - 119) 18 (4 - 71) 10 (1 - 68)

18-25 41 (15 - 113) * * * * 

26-34 222 (127 - 385) 9 (1 - 71) * * 

A35 875 (561 - 1,356) 33 (6 - 191) 18 (2 - 195)

GENDER

Male 815 (521 - 1,263) 36 (10 - 130) 18 (2 - 126)

Female 376 (226 - 624) 24 (6 - 96) * * 

TOTAL 1,191 (843 - 1,678) 60 (24 - 152) 27 (6 - 116)

Table 10F. Sedative Use by Age Group and Gender for North Central Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 0.9 (0.4 - 2.3) 0.4 (0.2 - 1.2) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.8)

18-25 1.5 (0.6 - 3.6) * * * * 

26-34 1.3 (0.6 - 2.6) * * * * 

A35 1.7 (0.9 - 3.3) * * * * 

GENDER

Male 2.0 (1.0 - 3.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.7) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.8)

Female 1.1 (0.6 - 2.0) * * * * 

TOTAL 1.6 (1.0 - 2.5) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 49 (19 - 124) 23 (8 - 64) 6 (1 - 44)

18-25 98 (40 - 239) * * * * 

26-34 102 (51 - 203) * * * * 

A35 544 (287 - 1,023) * * * * 

GENDER

Male 489 (253 - 939) 58 (19 - 179) 41 (9 - 185)

Female 304 (171 - 540) * * * * 

TOTAL 793 (490 - 1,279) 70 (24 - 202) 43 (10 - 188)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
71

Sedative - Region

Table 10G. Sedative Use by Age Group and Gender for South Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.0 (0.5 - 2.1) 0.8 (0.4 - 2.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.7)

18-25 1.6 (0.8 - 3.1) 0.9 (0.4 - 2.0) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.7)

26-34 2.1 (1.1 - 3.8) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4) * * 

A35 1.7 (1.2 - 2.6) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.5) * * 

GENDER

Male 2.3 (1.6 - 3.3) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

Female 1.2 (0.8 - 1.7) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

TOTAL 1.7 (1.3 - 2.2) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 83 (40 - 169) 67 (28 - 159) 18 (6 - 56)

18-25 161 (82 - 315) 87 (37 - 205) 26 (9 - 73)

26-34 256 (139 - 467) 6 (1 - 53) * * 

A35 821 (558 - 1,204) 68 (21 - 217) * * 

GENDER

Male 855 (592 - 1,232) 134 (63 - 283) 23 (6 - 86)

Female 465 (315 - 685) 95 (48 - 189) 24 (8 - 76)

TOTAL 1,320 (1,003 - 1,736) 229 (136 - 387) 48 (20 - 112)

Table 10H. Sedative Use by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 0.7 (0.4 - 1.3) 0.4 (0.2 - 1.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.7)

18-25 0.8 (0.5 - 1.4) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5) * * 

26-34 1.3 (0.7 - 2.6) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.8) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.7)

A35 4.1 (3.1 - 5.3) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 1.0)

GENDER

Male 2.8 (2.0 - 4.1) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 1.0)

Female 2.8 (2.0 - 3.9) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.7)

TOTAL 2.8 (2.2 - 3.6) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.7) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 38 (20 - 70) 20 (8 - 52) 12 (4 - 36)

18-25 50 (29 - 86) 16 (7 - 33) * * 

26-34 105 (54 - 203) 21 (7 - 60) 10 (2 - 52)

A35 1,141 (867 - 1,498) 105 (39 - 280) 69 (17 - 279)

GENDER

Male 668 (462 - 961) 90 (35 - 232) 55 (13 - 239)

Female 667 (476 - 931) 73 (28 - 189) 37 (8 - 171)

TOTAL 1,334 (1,049 - 1,694) 162 (84 - 314) 92 (32 - 268)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
72
73

Tranquilizer - Total Population

Table 11A. Tranquilizer Use by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 1.7 (1.3 - 2.3) 1.1 (0.8 - 1.5) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.5)

Male 1.9 (1.3 - 2.8) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6)

Female 1.5 (1.1 - 2.2) 1.0 (0.7 - 1.7) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.6)

18-25 5.1 (4.2 - 6.2) 2.7 (2.0 - 3.5) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.6)

Male 5.9 (4.5 - 7.7) 3.4 (2.3 - 4.8) 1.4 (0.8 - 2.5)

Female 4.2 (3.3 - 5.4) 2.0 (1.4 - 2.8) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.1)

26-34 4.6 (3.8 - 5.6) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.6) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.9)

Male 5.0 (3.8 - 6.6) 1.2 (0.7 - 2.1) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.1)

Female 4.3 (3.3 - 5.5) 0.9 (0.5 - 1.7) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.1)

A35 3.2 (2.7 - 3.9) 0.4 (0.3 - 0.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

Male 4.2 (3.3 - 5.4) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.0) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

Female 2.4 (1.9 - 3.0) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

TOTAL 3.5 (3.1 - 4.0) 0.9 (0.7 - 1.1) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.4)

Male 4.3 (3.7 - 5.1) 1.1 (0.8 - 1.5) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.6)

Female 2.8 (2.4 - 3.2) 0.7 (0.5 - 0.9) 0.2 (0.2 - 0.4)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 394 (302 - 512) 247 (176 - 346) 60 (33 - 110)

Male 223 (154 - 323) 131 (80 - 212) 28 (11 - 70)

Female 170 (117 - 246) 116 (73 - 185) 32 (15 - 70)

18-25 1,422 (1,166 - 1,730) 748 (564 - 989) 281 (179 - 441)

Male 835 (639 - 1,085) 474 (327 - 684) 196 (107 - 356)

Female 587 (459 - 749) 274 (191 - 393) 86 (46 - 158)

26-34 1,608 (1,327 - 1,944) 374 (255 - 548) 176 (105 - 297)

Male 862 (649 - 1,138) 213 (128 - 355) 95 (46 - 196)

Female 746 (579 - 959) 161 (90 - 288) 81 (36 - 184)

A35 4,303 (3,540 - 5,224) 571 (363 - 896) 136 (62 - 299)

Male 2,633 (2,042 - 3,386) 352 (194 - 638) 67 (19 - 233)

Female 1,670 (1,320 - 2,110) 219 (115 - 416) 70 (26 - 184)

TOTAL 7,726 (6,797 - 8,777) 1,940 (1,555 - 2,420) 655 (473 - 905)

Male 4,553 (3,877 - 5,340) 1,170 (862 - 1,585) 385 (240 - 618)

Female 3,173 (2,743 - 3,669) 770 (591 - 1,003) 269 (179 - 404)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
74

Tranquilizer - Race/Ethnicity

Table 11B. Tranquilizer Use by Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.9 (1.4 - 2.6) 1.3 (0.9 - 1.9) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.6)

18-25 6.4 (5.2 - 8.0) 3.6 (2.6 - 4.9) 1.3 (0.8 - 2.2)

26-34 5.4 (4.3 - 6.8) 1.3 (0.8 - 2.0) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.2)

A35 3.4 (2.7 - 4.2) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

GENDER

Male 4.9 (4.0 - 5.8) 1.3 (0.9 - 1.8) 0.4 (0.3 - 0.7)

Female 3.0 (2.5 - 3.5) 0.7 (0.5 - 1.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

TOTAL 3.9 (3.4 - 4.5) 1.0 (0.7 - 1.2) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 288 (206 - 402) 196 (132 - 292) 44 (21 - 94)

18-25 1,208 (966 - 1,504) 673 (493 - 916) 245 (147 - 407)

26-34 1,291 (1,034 - 1,607) 307 (200 - 469) 156 (87 - 277)

A35 3,498 (2,794 - 4,371) 385 (218 - 678) 99 (35 - 277)

GENDER

Male 3,799 (3,160 - 4,558) 983 (699 - 1,381) 341 (201 - 579)

Female 2,486 (2,091 - 2,954) 578 (419 - 797) 202 (123 - 332)

TOTAL 6,285 (5,445 - 7,248) 1,561 (1,208 - 2,016) 543 (375 - 787)

Table 11C. Tranquilizer Use by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.4 (0.8 - 2.2) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.5) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.0)

18-25 2.7 (1.9 - 3.9) 1.1 (0.6 - 1.8) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.3)

26-34 2.3 (1.5 - 3.6) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.1) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.7)

A35 2.6 (1.7 - 4.1) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.5) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.7)

GENDER

Male 2.8 (2.0 - 4.0) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.2) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.6)

Female 2.0 (1.4 - 2.7) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.3) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6)

TOTAL 2.4 (1.9 - 3.1) 0.7 (0.5 - 1.0) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 42 (26 - 68) 25 (13 - 48) 12 (5 - 31)

18-25 107 (76 - 151) 42 (25 - 71) 21 (9 - 50)

26-34 107 (68 - 168) 22 (10 - 49) 11 (4 - 34)

A35 277 (177 - 432) 68 (29 - 160) 21 (6 - 71)

GENDER

Male 318 (222 - 454) 78 (44 - 136) 29 (12 - 71)

Female 216 (156 - 298) 79 (45 - 140) 36 (19 - 68)

TOTAL 534 (415 - 685) 157 (105 - 234) 65 (38 - 111)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
75

Tranquilizer - Race/Ethnicity

Table 11D. Tranquilizer Use by Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.6 (0.9 - 2.9) 0.7 (0.2 - 2.0) * * 

18-25 2.6 (1.8 - 3.9) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.5) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.0)

26-34 2.8 (1.6 - 4.7) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.8) * * 

A35 3.4 (2.4 - 4.9) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.5) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.6)

GENDER

Male 3.4 (2.4 - 4.9) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.6) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

Female 2.6 (1.8 - 3.7) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

TOTAL 2.9 (2.3 - 3.8) 0.6 (0.4 - 1.0) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 52 (28 - 95) 23 (8 - 66) * * 

18-25 103 (69 - 153) 31 (16 - 61) 15 (6 - 41)

26-34 120 (70 - 205) 11 (3 - 37) * * 

A35 455 (317 - 648) 89 (40 - 193) 17 (4 - 80)

GENDER

Male 378 (262 - 544) 76 (33 - 173) 12 (3 - 41)

Female 351 (244 - 503) 78 (44 - 136) 23 (7 - 74)

TOTAL 730 (568 - 935) 154 (94 - 253) 35 (14 - 84)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
76

Tranquilizer - Region

Table 11E. Tranquilizer Use by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.7 (1.0 - 3.2) 0.8 (0.3 - 2.0) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.6)

18-25 3.7 (2.2 - 6.1) 1.8 (0.8 - 4.1) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.2)

26-34 5.6 (3.6 - 8.6) 1.3 (0.6 - 2.9) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.8)

A35 4.2 (2.3 - 7.4) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.1) * * 

GENDER

Male 6.0 (4.0 - 8.9) 0.9 (0.5 - 1.6) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.8)

Female 2.4 (1.6 - 3.5) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.4) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.8)

TOTAL 4.1 (2.8 - 6.0) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.2) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 71 (39 - 128) 33 (13 - 83) 16 (4 - 66)

18-25 183 (111 - 299) 91 (41 - 201) 18 (5 - 59)

26-34 378 (245 - 576) 88 (40 - 192) 50 (21 - 120)

A35 1,115 (623 - 1,967) 83 (24 - 280) * * 

GENDER

Male 1,214 (812 - 1,797) 179 (98 - 324) 53 (18 - 153)

Female 533 (360 - 786) 116 (44 - 302) 31 (6 - 170)

TOTAL 1,747 (1,199 - 2,529) 295 (172 - 502) 84 (38 - 185)

Table 11F. Tranquilizer Use by Age Group and Gender for North Central Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.1 (0.5 - 2.2) 0.8 (0.3 - 2.0) * * 

18-25 4.3 (2.8 - 6.7) 2.8 (1.6 - 4.8) 1.3 (0.5 - 3.1)

26-34 2.9 (1.8 - 4.7) 0.7 (0.2 - 1.8) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.3)

A35 1.7 (1.0 - 3.0) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.7) * * 

GENDER

Male 2.4 (1.6 - 3.8) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.3) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.0)

Female 1.9 (1.3 - 2.9) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.9) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

TOTAL 2.2 (1.5 - 3.1) 0.6 (0.4 - 0.9) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 59 (28 - 122) 41 (15 - 107) * * 

18-25 286 (184 - 442) 185 (106 - 320) 86 (35 - 205)

26-34 228 (141 - 367) 51 (18 - 142) 24 (5 - 104)

A35 545 (318 - 927) 44 (9 - 209) * * 

GENDER

Male 600 (386 - 929) 187 (105 - 332) 73 (22 - 240)

Female 517 (343 - 778) 135 (74 - 247) 36 (11 - 117)

TOTAL 1,118 (789 - 1,580) 322 (214 - 483) 109 (44 - 272)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
77

Tranquilizer - Region

Table 11G. Tranquilizer Use by Age Group and Gender for South Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 2.5 (1.7 - 3.7) 1.7 (1.1 - 2.6) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9)

18-25 6.9 (5.1 - 9.3) 3.5 (2.2 - 5.5) 1.6 (0.9 - 2.9)

26-34 5.0 (3.6 - 7.0) 1.0 (0.5 - 2.1) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.2)

A35 3.1 (2.3 - 4.2) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.2) * * 

GENDER

Male 5.0 (3.9 - 6.3) 1.5 (0.9 - 2.4) 0.5 (0.2 - 0.9)

Female 2.8 (2.2 - 3.6) 0.8 (0.6 - 1.2) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

TOTAL 3.8 (3.2 - 4.6) 1.1 (0.8 - 1.6) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 203 (137 - 298) 134 (85 - 211) 33 (15 - 72)

18-25 696 (512 - 938) 354 (226 - 551) 160 (86 - 294)

26-34 610 (436 - 849) 126 (63 - 253) 56 (21 - 145)

A35 1,464 (1,086 - 1,969) 265 (123 - 567) * * 

GENDER

Male 1,845 (1,454 - 2,335) 541 (332 - 877) 170 (82 - 351)

Female 1,128 (879 - 1,445) 338 (232 - 494) 82 (44 - 152)

TOTAL 2,973 (2,473 - 3,569) 879 (620 - 1,246) 252 (148 - 428)

Table 11H. Tranquilizer Use by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.2 (0.7 - 2.0) 0.8 (0.3 - 1.7) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

18-25 4.1 (2.9 - 5.6) 1.8 (0.9 - 3.6) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.8)

26-34 5.0 (3.6 - 6.9) 1.4 (0.7 - 2.7) 0.6 (0.2 - 1.7)

A35 4.2 (3.2 - 5.4) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.2) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.1)

GENDER

Male 3.8 (2.9 - 5.0) 1.1 (0.6 - 2.1) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.1)

Female 4.1 (3.2 - 5.2) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.3) 0.5 (0.3 - 1.0)

TOTAL 4.0 (3.3 - 4.8) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.4) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 61 (36 - 105) 39 (18 - 87) 11 (5 - 28)

18-25 257 (184 - 357) 117 (59 - 230) 18 (6 - 52)

26-34 391 (281 - 541) 109 (54 - 216) 47 (16 - 134)

A35 1,179 (902 - 1,536) 179 (92 - 346) 133 (59 - 297)

GENDER

Male 894 (671 - 1,187) 264 (143 - 484) 89 (30 - 265)

Female 995 (781 - 1,264) 181 (108 - 303) 120 (60 - 238)

TOTAL 1,888 (1,568 - 2,272) 444 (286 - 689) 209 (118 - 371)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
78
79

Analgesic - Total Population

Table 12A. Analgesic Use by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 4.6 (3.9 - 5.4) 3.1 (2.5 - 3.8) 1.3 (1.0 - 1.8)

Male 4.4 (3.5 - 5.5) 3.0 (2.2 - 4.1) 1.3 (0.8 - 1.9)

Female 4.8 (3.7 - 6.3) 3.1 (2.3 - 4.3) 1.4 (0.8 - 2.3)

18-25 8.2 (7.1 - 9.5) 4.4 (3.7 - 5.3) 1.8 (1.3 - 2.4)

Male 10.5 (8.7 - 12.6) 5.9 (4.7 - 7.5) 2.4 (1.6 - 3.6)

Female 5.9 (4.9 - 7.2) 2.9 (2.2 - 3.8) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.7)

26-34 6.6 (5.5 - 7.8) 2.0 (1.5 - 2.6) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.3)

Male 8.0 (6.3 - 10.0) 2.4 (1.7 - 3.4) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.6)

Female 5.2 (4.1 - 6.5) 1.5 (1.0 - 2.3) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.5)

A35 4.5 (3.8 - 5.4) 1.1 (0.8 - 1.5) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.7)

Male 5.2 (4.1 - 6.6) 1.2 (0.8 - 1.8) 0.5 (0.3 - 1.0)

Female 3.8 (3.1 - 4.8) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.5) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.7)

TOTAL 5.3 (4.7 - 6.0) 1.9 (1.6 - 2.2) 0.8 (0.6 - 1.0)

Male 6.3 (5.4 - 7.3) 2.3 (1.9 - 2.7) 0.9 (0.7 - 1.3)

Female 4.4 (3.8 - 5.1) 1.5 (1.2 - 1.8) 0.6 (0.5 - 0.9)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 1,048 (887 - 1,237) 698 (564 - 864) 301 (216 - 418)

Male 509 (402 - 643) 349 (257 - 472) 148 (98 - 224)

Female 539 (413 - 700) 350 (255 - 478) 153 (91 - 256)

18-25 2,305 (1,986 - 2,669) 1,232 (1,029 - 1,472) 495 (367 - 668)

Male 1,483 (1,229 - 1,783) 836 (659 - 1,058) 343 (230 - 510)

Female 821 (673 - 1,000) 396 (299 - 523) 152 (97 - 237)

26-34 2,267 (1,909 - 2,687) 685 (525 - 893) 297 (195 - 452)

Male 1,368 (1,084 - 1,717) 420 (300 - 587) 162 (95 - 276)

Female 900 (716 - 1,127) 265 (174 - 403) 135 (69 - 263)

A35 5,975 (4,994 - 7,138) 1,455 (1,090 - 1,940) 616 (408 - 929)

Male 3,249 (2,559 - 4,111) 764 (509 - 1,143) 328 (180 - 596)

Female 2,726 (2,169 - 3,419) 691 (459 - 1,038) 288 (163 - 509)

TOTAL 11,595 (10,311 - 13,029) 4,070 (3,520 - 4,705) 1,709 (1,378 - 2,119)

Male 6,609 (5,704 - 7,647) 2,369 (1,954 - 2,870) 981 (730 - 1,318)

Female 4,986 (4,293 - 5,786) 1,701 (1,394 - 2,075) 728 (534 - 993)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
80

Analgesic - Race/Ethnicity

Table 12B. Analgesic Use by Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 5.1 (4.1 - 6.3) 3.6 (2.8 - 4.7) 1.5 (1.0 - 2.2)

18-25 9.8 (8.2 - 11.7) 5.4 (4.4 - 6.7) 2.1 (1.5 - 3.0)

26-34 7.3 (5.9 - 9.1) 2.1 (1.5 - 3.0) 0.8 (0.5 - 1.5)

A35 4.7 (3.8 - 5.7) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.5) 0.4 (0.3 - 0.7)

GENDER

Male 6.8 (5.7 - 8.1) 2.4 (1.9 - 3.0) 1.0 (0.7 - 1.4)

Female 4.7 (3.9 - 5.5) 1.6 (1.2 - 2.0) 0.6 (0.4 - 0.9)

TOTAL 5.7 (5.0 - 6.6) 2.0 (1.6 - 2.3) 0.8 (0.6 - 1.0)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 773 (625 - 954) 552 (426 - 712) 222 (147 - 336)

18-25 1,834 (1,535 - 2,185) 1,012 (818 - 1,249) 391 (273 - 558)

26-34 1,746 (1,409 - 2,156) 504 (360 - 705) 201 (113 - 355)

A35 4,890 (3,984 - 5,990) 1,096 (773 - 1,553) 466 (279 - 776)

GENDER

Male 5,335 (4,463 - 6,363) 1,859 (1,488 - 2,319) 751 (527 - 1,069)

Female 3,909 (3,300 - 4,623) 1,306 (1,016 - 1,676) 529 (356 - 784)

TOTAL 9,244 (8,041 - 10,614) 3,165 (2,664 - 3,757) 1,280 (980 - 1,671)

Table 12C. Analgesic Use by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 4.1 (3.1 - 5.5) 2.4 (1.6 - 3.5) 1.1 (0.6 - 1.9)

18-25 5.6 (4.5 - 7.0) 2.8 (2.0 - 3.8) 1.3 (0.8 - 2.1)

26-34 3.7 (2.6 - 5.3) 1.5 (0.9 - 2.7) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.2)

A35 3.4 (2.2 - 5.2) 1.2 (0.6 - 2.4) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.2)

GENDER

Male 4.4 (3.4 - 5.8) 1.7 (1.1 - 2.6) 0.6 (0.4 - 1.0)

Female 3.5 (2.6 - 4.6) 1.7 (1.2 - 2.5) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.4)

TOTAL 4.0 (3.3 - 4.8) 1.7 (1.3 - 2.2) 0.7 (0.5 - 1.0)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 128 (96 - 170) 75 (50 - 110) 33 (18 - 61)

18-25 220 (175 - 276) 108 (79 - 147) 50 (30 - 84)

26-34 175 (123 - 247) 71 (40 - 125) 28 (13 - 57)

A35 363 (235 - 556) 128 (64 - 253) 44 (15 - 123)

GENDER

Male 503 (387 - 651) 192 (127 - 291) 67 (40 - 111)

Female 383 (291 - 503) 189 (130 - 276) 87 (48 - 158)

TOTAL 886 (738 - 1,062) 382 (292 - 498) 154 (103 - 230)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
81

Analgesic - Race/Ethnicity

Table 12D. Analgesic Use by Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 3.7 (2.6 - 5.2) 1.6 (0.8 - 2.9) 1.1 (0.5 - 2.3)

18-25 5.6 (4.1 - 7.5) 2.4 (1.6 - 3.6) 1.3 (0.8 - 2.3)

26-34 5.3 (3.5 - 7.9) 1.9 (1.1 - 3.3) 1.2 (0.5 - 2.5)

A35 4.5 (3.1 - 6.4) 1.6 (1.0 - 2.6) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.4)

GENDER

Male 5.8 (4.2 - 8.0) 2.3 (1.5 - 3.4) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.9)

Female 3.8 (2.8 - 5.1) 1.4 (0.9 - 2.0) 0.8 (0.5 - 1.2)

TOTAL 4.7 (3.7 - 5.9) 1.8 (1.3 - 2.3) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 121 (85 - 170) 51 (27 - 94) 35 (16 - 76)

18-25 219 (162 - 296) 95 (64 - 142) 53 (31 - 91)

26-34 230 (153 - 343) 84 (49 - 146) 51 (24 - 109)

A35 591 (407 - 853) 208 (126 - 343) 86 (39 - 187)

GENDER

Male 643 (463 - 886) 254 (167 - 384) 116 (62 - 217)

Female 518 (385 - 695) 185 (126 - 272) 109 (70 - 169)

TOTAL 1,161 (916 - 1,467) 439 (331 - 581) 225 (153 - 330)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
82

Analgesic - Region

Table 12E. Analgesic Use by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 4.2 (2.5 - 7.1) 3.0 (1.6 - 5.5) 1.3 (0.7 - 2.7)

18-25 8.3 (5.8 - 11.7) 4.4 (2.7 - 7.1) 1.5 (0.7 - 3.0)

26-34 4.3 (2.7 - 6.8) 0.9 (0.4 - 1.9) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.1)

A35 5.3 (3.5 - 8.1) 1.0 (0.5 - 1.9) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.3)

GENDER

Male 6.0 (4.0 - 8.8) 1.7 (1.0 - 2.9) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.7)

Female 4.9 (3.5 - 6.7) 1.4 (0.9 - 2.2) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9)

TOTAL 5.4 (4.0 - 7.3) 1.5 (1.1 - 2.2) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 172 (102 - 289) 121 (64 - 223) 54 (26 - 109)

18-25 410 (286 - 580) 216 (132 - 350) 73 (35 - 150)

26-34 287 (179 - 456) 57 (25 - 129) 18 (4 - 77)

A35 1,412 (919 - 2,148) 261 (131 - 518) 97 (27 - 342)

GENDER

Male 1,198 (806 - 1,764) 346 (204 - 585) 148 (63 - 343)

Female 1,083 (777 - 1,500) 309 (195 - 488) 94 (46 - 190)

TOTAL 2,281 (1,677 - 3,086) 655 (464 - 923) 241 (125 - 464)

Table 12F. Analgesic Use by Age Group and Gender for North Central Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 4.7 (3.2 - 6.9) 3.4 (2.1 - 5.5) 1.6 (0.7 - 3.5)

18-25 8.0 (5.6 - 11.2) 3.9 (2.6 - 5.8) 1.3 (0.7 - 2.7)

26-34 6.2 (4.2 - 9.2) 1.4 (0.7 - 2.8) 0.5 (0.1 - 1.5)

A35 3.7 (2.6 - 5.4) 1.0 (0.5 - 2.0) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.2)

GENDER

Male 6.4 (4.9 - 8.4) 2.3 (1.6 - 3.3) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.4)

Female 3.2 (2.2 - 4.7) 1.1 (0.6 - 2.1) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.4)

TOTAL 4.8 (3.8 - 6.0) 1.7 (1.3 - 2.3) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.2)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 256 (173 - 377) 186 (116 - 297) 87 (39 - 190)

18-25 529 (372 - 743) 258 (171 - 386) 89 (45 - 176)

26-34 489 (329 - 719) 113 (58 - 216) 37 (11 - 118)

A35 1,165 (807 - 1,672) 318 (160 - 629) 149 (57 - 386)

GENDER

Male 1,577 (1,203 - 2,057) 571 (403 - 806) 188 (102 - 346)

Female 861 (594 - 1,243) 304 (168 - 548) 173 (80 - 373)

TOTAL 2,438 (1,936 - 3,063) 875 (639 - 1,195) 361 (215 - 605)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
83

Analgesic - Region

Table 12G. Analgesic Use by Age Group and Gender for South Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 4.8 (3.7 - 6.2) 2.9 (2.1 - 4.1) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.8)

18-25 7.8 (5.9 - 10.2) 4.3 (3.0 - 6.2) 2.3 (1.4 - 3.8)

26-34 7.0 (5.2 - 9.3) 2.0 (1.2 - 3.3) 1.1 (0.5 - 2.2)

A35 3.7 (2.5 - 5.4) 1.0 (0.5 - 1.7) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9)

GENDER

Male 5.7 (4.3 - 7.5) 2.1 (1.4 - 3.0) 1.1 (0.6 - 1.8)

Female 4.1 (3.1 - 5.5) 1.5 (1.0 - 2.2) 0.6 (0.4 - 1.1)

TOTAL 4.9 (3.9 - 6.1) 1.8 (1.3 - 2.4) 0.8 (0.6 - 1.2)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 384 (297 - 497) 236 (167 - 333) 80 (45 - 141)

18-25 782 (594 - 1,023) 433 (301 - 620) 232 (140 - 381)

26-34 852 (635 - 1,134) 238 (143 - 395) 134 (66 - 272)

A35 1,741 (1,175 - 2,564) 461 (258 - 819) 202 (102 - 401)

GENDER

Male 2,092 (1,575 - 2,766) 764 (518 - 1,124) 389 (226 - 668)

Female 1,667 (1,240 - 2,231) 605 (408 - 894) 258 (149 - 447)

TOTAL 3,759 (2,980 - 4,728) 1,369 (999 - 1,872) 648 (447 - 938)

Table 12H. Analgesic Use by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 4.5 (3.4 - 6.0) 3.0 (2.1 - 4.2) 1.5 (0.9 - 2.8)

18-25 9.2 (7.2 - 11.8) 5.1 (3.9 - 6.6) 1.6 (1.0 - 2.5)

26-34 8.1 (6.1 - 10.6) 3.5 (2.4 - 5.1) 1.4 (0.8 - 2.5)

A35 5.9 (4.5 - 7.6) 1.5 (0.9 - 2.3) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.2)

GENDER

Male 7.4 (5.8 - 9.5) 2.9 (2.2 - 3.9) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.7)

Female 5.7 (4.6 - 7.1) 2.0 (1.5 - 2.6) 0.8 (0.5 - 1.4)

TOTAL 6.5 (5.5 - 7.8) 2.5 (2.0 - 3.0) 1.0 (0.7 - 1.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 235 (177 - 311) 155 (109 - 220) 81 (45 - 145)

18-25 585 (454 - 748) 324 (248 - 422) 102 (64 - 160)

26-34 639 (485 - 838) 277 (191 - 401) 109 (59 - 199)

A35 1,658 (1,276 - 2,144) 415 (266 - 644) 168 (86 - 325)

GENDER

Male 1,742 (1,358 - 2,224) 688 (509 - 928) 255 (161 - 403)

Female 1,375 (1,105 - 1,707) 483 (365 - 638) 203 (125 - 331)

TOTAL 3,117 (2,599 - 3,729) 1,171 (958 - 1,430) 459 (331 - 634)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
84
85

Alcohol - Total Population

Table 13A. Alcohol Use by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 37.3 (35.5 - 39.2) 31.8 (30.0 - 33.7) 19.1 (17.5 - 20.7)

Male 36.6 (34.2 - 39.1) 31.0 (28.6 - 33.4) 19.4 (17.5 - 21.5)

Female 38.1 (35.7 - 40.7) 32.7 (30.3 - 35.1) 18.7 (16.7 - 21.0)

18-25 83.2 (81.4 - 84.8) 74.2 (71.8 - 76.4) 60.0 (57.3 - 62.7)

Male 87.2 (85.2 - 88.9) 79.3 (76.5 - 81.9) 68.2 (64.9 - 71.2)

Female 79.2 (76.4 - 81.7) 68.9 (65.6 - 72.1) 51.7 (48.0 - 55.5)

26-34 88.2 (86.7 - 89.5) 74.5 (72.5 - 76.4) 60.9 (58.7 - 63.0)

Male 90.9 (89.0 - 92.4) 77.7 (74.9 - 80.2) 67.7 (64.3 - 70.9)

Female 85.5 (83.4 - 87.4) 71.5 (68.5 - 74.2) 54.2 (51.4 - 56.9)

A35 86.6 (85.1 - 87.9) 64.6 (62.6 - 66.6) 53.1 (51.0 - 55.1)

Male 92.2 (90.6 - 93.5) 70.2 (67.7 - 72.6) 61.4 (58.7 - 64.0)

Female 81.6 (79.5 - 83.5) 59.7 (57.0 - 62.3) 45.8 (43.2 - 48.4)

TOTAL 81.3 (80.1 - 82.4) 64.0 (62.4 - 65.6) 51.7 (50.0 - 53.3)

Male 85.2 (83.9 - 86.3) 68.3 (66.5 - 70.1) 58.7 (56.7 - 60.7)

Female 77.6 (76.0 - 79.2) 60.0 (57.9 - 62.0) 45.1 (43.2 - 47.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 8,491 (8,075 - 8,916) 7,233 (6,819 - 7,661) 4,338 (3,990 - 4,709)

Male 4,246 (3,965 - 4,536) 3,596 (3,324 - 3,880) 2,255 (2,029 - 2,500)

Female 4,245 (3,969 - 4,528) 3,637 (3,372 - 3,912) 2,083 (1,854 - 2,333)

18-25 23,268 (22,778 - 23,720) 20,739 (20,082 - 21,359) 16,786 (16,019 - 17,535)

Male 12,313 (12,036 - 12,557) 11,203 (10,803 - 11,566) 9,628 (9,170 - 10,063)

Female 10,955 (10,572 - 11,304) 9,536 (9,075 - 9,972) 7,158 (6,638 - 7,674)

26-34 30,506 (29,998 - 30,964) 25,794 (25,102 - 26,452) 21,069 (20,313 - 21,810)

Male 15,600 (15,278 - 15,872) 13,334 (12,861 - 13,769) 11,624 (11,045 - 12,174)

Female 14,906 (14,536 - 15,235) 12,460 (11,950 - 12,940) 9,444 (8,959 - 9,925)

A35 115,247 (113,355 - 116,984) 86,041 (83,368 - 88,646) 70,657 (67,913 - 73,387)

Male 57,425 (56,466 - 58,238) 43,758 (42,189 - 45,254) 38,236 (36,548 - 39,881)

Female 57,822 (56,353 - 59,173) 42,283 (40,385 - 44,140) 32,421 (30,572 - 34,287)

TOTAL 177,512 (174,928 - 179,975) 139,807 (136,301 - 143,246) 112,850 (109,261 - 116,431)

Male 89,584 (88,263 - 90,819) 71,891 (69,985 - 73,740) 61,744 (59,617 - 63,840)

Female 87,928 (86,029 - 89,730) 67,916 (65,580 - 70,212) 51,107 (48,899 - 53,332)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
86

Alcohol - Race/Ethnicity

Table 13B. Alcohol Use by Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 40.4 (38.1 - 42.8) 35.1 (32.7 - 37.5) 20.9 (18.9 - 23.0)

18-25 87.9 (85.4 - 90.1) 79.0 (75.5 - 82.2) 65.0 (61.0 - 68.8)

26-34 92.8 (91.1 - 94.1) 79.0 (76.3 - 81.4) 65.2 (62.2 - 68.0)

A35 89.4 (87.8 - 90.9) 68.0 (65.7 - 70.3) 56.2 (53.8 - 58.7)

GENDER

Male 88.0 (86.5 - 89.3) 70.8 (68.6 - 73.0) 61.2 (58.7 - 63.7)

Female 82.5 (80.6 - 84.3) 65.0 (62.6 - 67.3) 49.7 (47.3 - 52.1)

TOTAL 85.2 (83.8 - 86.4) 67.8 (65.8 - 69.7) 55.3 (53.2 - 57.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 6,145 (5,788 - 6,509) 5,331 (4,973 - 5,700) 3,178 (2,878 - 3,500)

18-25 16,486 (16,010 - 16,888) 14,822 (14,161 - 15,410) 12,195 (11,447 - 12,906)

26-34 22,064 (21,676 - 22,385) 18,786 (18,144 - 19,372) 15,499 (14,806 - 16,167)

A35 93,245 (91,564 - 94,726) 70,894 (68,465 - 73,232) 58,631 (56,070 - 61,160)

GENDER

Male 68,877 (67,727 - 69,918) 55,454 (53,696 - 57,135) 47,945 (45,957 - 49,886)

Female 69,062 (67,437 - 70,555) 54,378 (52,345 - 56,349) 41,558 (39,540 - 43,577)

TOTAL 137,939 (135,715 - 140,006) 109,832 (106,602 - 112,960) 89,503 (86,159 - 92,817)

Table 13C. Alcohol Use by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 36.4 (33.0 - 40.0) 29.4 (26.1 - 32.8) 18.9 (16.1 - 22.2)

18-25 74.4 (71.8 - 76.9) 66.2 (63.4 - 68.9) 50.8 (47.9 - 53.8)

26-34 78.3 (75.3 - 81.0) 66.2 (62.7 - 69.5) 53.1 (49.4 - 56.8)

A35 76.2 (72.8 - 79.2) 60.7 (56.8 - 64.5) 47.7 (44.1 - 51.3)

GENDER

Male 80.4 (78.2 - 82.5) 68.3 (65.4 - 71.0) 56.8 (54.0 - 59.5)

Female 60.8 (57.6 - 64.0) 48.4 (45.5 - 51.3) 33.6 (31.1 - 36.2)

TOTAL 70.8 (68.6 - 72.9) 58.5 (56.2 - 60.7) 45.4 (43.5 - 47.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,132 (1,027 - 1,242) 912 (812 - 1,020) 588 (499 - 689)

18-25 2,910 (2,808 - 3,005) 2,588 (2,478 - 2,694) 1,987 (1,871 - 2,103)

26-34 3,658 (3,520 - 3,783) 3,091 (2,929 - 3,245) 2,483 (2,310 - 2,654)

A35 8,115 (7,760 - 8,438) 6,470 (6,055 - 6,871) 5,076 (4,693 - 5,462)

GENDER

Male 9,111 (8,856 - 9,346) 7,732 (7,407 - 8,042) 6,433 (6,117 - 6,744)

Female 6,703 (6,347 - 7,048) 5,330 (5,012 - 5,649) 3,702 (3,431 - 3,983)

TOTAL 15,814 (15,317 - 16,290) 13,062 (12,550 - 13,565) 10,134 (9,708 - 10,564)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
87

Alcohol - Race/Ethnicity

Table 13D. Alcohol Use by Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 26.7 (23.5 - 30.2) 22.3 (19.2 - 25.8) 13.1 (10.5 - 16.3)

18-25 74.2 (71.0 - 77.2) 64.2 (60.8 - 67.4) 50.3 (46.5 - 54.2)

26-34 81.9 (78.8 - 84.6) 66.0 (62.3 - 69.4) 54.8 (51.0 - 58.5)

A35 78.6 (75.6 - 81.3) 48.1 (44.4 - 51.7) 38.3 (35.2 - 41.5)

GENDER

Male 76.2 (73.6 - 78.7) 56.8 (53.9 - 59.6) 49.0 (46.1 - 51.9)

Female 67.9 (64.7 - 71.0) 45.1 (41.7 - 48.7) 32.3 (29.4 - 35.4)

TOTAL 71.7 (69.5 - 73.7) 50.4 (47.9 - 52.8) 39.8 (37.6 - 42.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 867 (762 - 980) 723 (621 - 835) 425 (340 - 528)

18-25 2,915 (2,787 - 3,032) 2,520 (2,388 - 2,646) 1,977 (1,824 - 2,130)

26-34 3,570 (3,437 - 3,687) 2,876 (2,717 - 3,026) 2,390 (2,226 - 2,551)

A35 10,406 (10,013 - 10,763) 6,364 (5,878 - 6,853) 5,076 (4,663 - 5,503)

GENDER

Male 8,493 (8,197 - 8,768) 6,328 (6,007 - 6,643) 5,458 (5,135 - 5,781)

Female 9,264 (8,817 - 9,688) 6,155 (5,681 - 6,635) 4,410 (4,007 - 4,834)

TOTAL 17,757 (17,220 - 18,270) 12,482 (11,875 - 13,089) 9,868 (9,318 - 10,429)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
88

Alcohol - Region

Table 13E. Alcohol Use by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 39.4 (34.1 - 44.9) 33.8 (29.0 - 38.9) 22.1 (17.7 - 27.3)

18-25 84.4 (80.1 - 87.9) 78.0 (72.9 - 82.4) 64.3 (58.0 - 70.1)

26-34 89.5 (85.0 - 92.8) 77.1 (72.2 - 81.3) 62.4 (56.8 - 67.7)

A35 91.2 (88.7 - 93.3) 71.9 (68.1 - 75.4) 57.7 (53.7 - 61.6)

GENDER

Male 86.1 (83.0 - 88.7) 72.1 (68.0 - 75.8) 62.3 (57.9 - 66.5)

Female 84.4 (81.7 - 86.7) 67.7 (64.2 - 71.1) 49.9 (46.0 - 53.9)

TOTAL 85.2 (83.2 - 87.0) 69.8 (67.3 - 72.2) 55.8 (53.1 - 58.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,598 (1,385 - 1,822) 1,373 (1,180 - 1,581) 899 (719 - 1,110)

18-25 4,170 (3,957 - 4,344) 3,854 (3,602 - 4,070) 3,178 (2,869 - 3,465)

26-34 6,026 (5,720 - 6,248) 5,190 (4,861 - 5,476) 4,201 (3,822 - 4,558)

A35 24,288 (23,614 - 24,823) 19,139 (18,137 - 20,065) 15,355 (14,282 - 16,401)

GENDER

Male 17,323 (16,701 - 17,847) 14,500 (13,682 - 15,251) 12,526 (11,645 - 13,369)

Female 18,760 (18,172 - 19,277) 15,056 (14,266 - 15,803) 11,106 (10,224 - 11,988)

TOTAL 36,083 (35,241 - 36,840) 29,556 (28,485 - 30,579) 23,633 (22,474 - 24,777)

Table 13F. Alcohol Use by Age Group and Gender for North Central Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 41.4 (37.6 - 45.3) 35.7 (32.0 - 39.6) 20.6 (17.6 - 24.1)

18-25 91.2 (87.6 - 93.9) 84.5 (80.3 - 87.9) 72.1 (66.3 - 77.1)

26-34 92.2 (89.2 - 94.5) 82.1 (78.5 - 85.3) 67.9 (63.7 - 71.9)

A35 89.8 (86.2 - 92.5) 70.5 (66.2 - 74.5) 58.7 (53.5 - 63.6)

GENDER

Male 87.3 (84.8 - 89.4) 74.6 (71.5 - 77.4) 65.4 (61.0 - 69.6)

Female 83.3 (79.9 - 86.2) 66.6 (62.5 - 70.4) 50.7 (46.3 - 55.2)

TOTAL 85.2 (82.6 - 87.5) 70.4 (67.3 - 73.3) 57.8 (53.8 - 61.7)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 2,246 (2,038 - 2,459) 1,938 (1,738 - 2,148) 1,121 (954 - 1,308)

18-25 6,048 (5,811 - 6,222) 5,603 (5,324 - 5,831) 4,777 (4,398 - 5,114)

26-34 7,228 (6,989 - 7,405) 6,437 (6,152 - 6,683) 5,324 (4,989 - 5,637)

A35 28,051 (26,939 - 28,901) 22,033 (20,688 - 23,274) 18,330 (16,720 - 19,883)

GENDER

Male 21,460 (20,859 - 21,976) 18,328 (17,566 - 19,034) 16,078 (14,992 - 17,103)

Female 22,114 (21,217 - 22,887) 17,683 (16,610 - 18,694) 13,474 (12,297 - 14,647)

TOTAL 43,574 (42,248 - 44,732) 36,011 (34,420 - 37,511) 29,552 (27,521 - 31,532)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
89

Alcohol - Region

Table 13G. Alcohol Use by Age Group and Gender for South Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 34.5 (31.8 - 37.4) 29.5 (26.6 - 32.6) 17.5 (15.3 - 20.0)

18-25 80.9 (78.4 - 83.1) 69.3 (65.2 - 73.0) 54.4 (49.9 - 58.8)

26-34 87.1 (84.5 - 89.3) 70.9 (67.7 - 73.8) 58.3 (54.8 - 61.8)

A35 81.7 (78.8 - 84.3) 56.0 (51.8 - 60.0) 45.6 (42.0 - 49.2)

GENDER

Male 83.8 (81.7 - 85.7) 62.6 (59.7 - 65.4) 53.1 (50.1 - 56.1)

Female 71.8 (68.2 - 75.2) 52.4 (48.0 - 56.8) 39.1 (35.5 - 42.9)

TOTAL 77.6 (75.3 - 79.6) 57.3 (54.1 - 60.4) 45.8 (43.0 - 48.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 2,777 (2,554 - 3,009) 2,374 (2,141 - 2,620) 1,411 (1,232 - 1,609)

18-25 8,128 (7,882 - 8,351) 6,961 (6,557 - 7,337) 5,467 (5,017 - 5,910)

26-34 10,573 (10,261 - 10,840) 8,605 (8,227 - 8,961) 7,085 (6,651 - 7,509)

A35 38,494 (37,118 - 39,719) 26,355 (24,393 - 28,278) 21,469 (19,785 - 23,174)

GENDER

Male 30,986 (30,225 - 31,677) 23,148 (22,082 - 24,183) 19,650 (18,540 - 20,752)

Female 28,986 (27,519 - 30,347) 21,146 (19,370 - 22,907) 15,781 (14,316 - 17,297)

TOTAL 59,973 (58,239 - 61,591) 44,294 (41,821 - 46,722) 35,431 (33,280 - 37,603)

Table 13H. Alcohol Use by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 35.9 (32.0 - 39.9) 29.7 (26.0 - 33.8) 17.4 (14.6 - 20.6)

18-25 77.6 (73.6 - 81.1) 68.1 (62.5 - 73.3) 53.0 (48.0 - 58.0)

26-34 84.6 (81.7 - 87.2) 70.5 (65.6 - 75.0) 56.5 (51.7 - 61.2)

A35 86.6 (84.3 - 88.7) 65.7 (62.4 - 68.8) 55.0 (51.4 - 58.6)

GENDER

Male 84.3 (80.8 - 87.2) 67.7 (62.9 - 72.1) 57.4 (52.9 - 61.7)

Female 75.0 (72.0 - 77.7) 58.2 (54.8 - 61.6) 44.6 (41.2 - 48.0)

TOTAL 79.6 (76.8 - 82.0) 62.9 (59.5 - 66.2) 50.9 (47.4 - 54.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,870 (1,669 - 2,081) 1,548 (1,354 - 1,758) 908 (762 - 1,074)

18-25 4,922 (4,670 - 5,145) 4,321 (3,965 - 4,647) 3,364 (3,044 - 3,680)

26-34 6,678 (6,443 - 6,880) 5,562 (5,175 - 5,915) 4,459 (4,078 - 4,830)

A35 24,413 (23,744 - 24,995) 18,514 (17,588 - 19,399) 15,504 (14,481 - 16,512)

GENDER

Male 19,816 (19,007 - 20,502) 15,915 (14,790 - 16,958) 13,488 (12,434 - 14,515)

Female 18,067 (17,361 - 18,722) 14,031 (13,200 - 14,842) 10,746 (9,939 - 11,564)

TOTAL 37,882 (36,588 - 39,060) 29,945 (28,311 - 31,520) 24,234 (22,588 - 25,876)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
90
91

Cigarette - Total Population

Table 14A. Cigarette Use by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 35.8 (34.1 - 37.6) 23.8 (22.1 - 25.5) 18.2 (16.8 - 19.8)

Male 36.1 (33.8 - 38.5) 23.6 (21.6 - 25.8) 18.7 (16.8 - 20.9)

Female 35.5 (32.8 - 38.3) 23.9 (21.4 - 26.5) 17.7 (15.6 - 20.2)

18-25 68.8 (66.6 - 71.0) 47.1 (45.0 - 49.2) 41.6 (39.4 - 43.8)

Male 73.0 (69.9 - 76.0) 50.3 (47.0 - 53.5) 45.3 (42.3 - 48.5)

Female 64.5 (61.4 - 67.5) 43.9 (41.3 - 46.5) 37.8 (35.3 - 40.4)

26-34 71.8 (69.8 - 73.8) 36.6 (34.6 - 38.6) 32.5 (30.6 - 34.4)

Male 77.1 (74.4 - 79.5) 39.9 (36.9 - 43.1) 34.6 (31.7 - 37.6)

Female 66.7 (64.0 - 69.3) 33.3 (30.8 - 35.8) 30.5 (28.0 - 33.0)

A35 75.2 (73.3 - 76.9) 26.7 (25.1 - 28.3) 25.1 (23.6 - 26.6)

Male 82.3 (80.3 - 84.2) 28.6 (26.3 - 31.0) 26.9 (24.6 - 29.4)

Female 68.9 (66.2 - 71.4) 24.9 (23.1 - 26.8) 23.4 (21.7 - 25.3)

TOTAL 69.7 (68.2 - 71.2) 30.6 (29.3 - 31.8) 27.7 (26.5 - 28.9)

Male 75.1 (73.6 - 76.6) 32.8 (31.1 - 34.6) 29.7 (28.1 - 31.5)

Female 64.7 (62.7 - 66.7) 28.4 (27.0 - 29.9) 25.7 (24.3 - 27.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 8,143 (7,755 - 8,540) 5,404 (5,031 - 5,794) 4,149 (3,824 - 4,496)

Male 4,191 (3,922 - 4,467) 2,745 (2,510 - 2,994) 2,174 (1,946 - 2,421)

Female 3,953 (3,656 - 4,261) 2,659 (2,386 - 2,952) 1,976 (1,732 - 2,246)

18-25 19,246 (18,620 - 19,848) 13,175 (12,586 - 13,767) 11,634 (11,022 - 12,255)

Male 10,318 (9,871 - 10,734) 7,099 (6,645 - 7,554) 6,406 (5,970 - 6,846)

Female 8,928 (8,497 - 9,342) 6,075 (5,714 - 6,441) 5,228 (4,880 - 5,587)

26-34 24,860 (24,167 - 25,523) 12,651 (11,976 - 13,342) 11,247 (10,595 - 11,920)

Male 13,232 (12,782 - 13,648) 6,853 (6,328 - 7,392) 5,938 (5,440 - 6,457)

Female 11,628 (11,158 - 12,080) 5,798 (5,364 - 6,250) 5,309 (4,885 - 5,753)

A35 100,064 (97,563 - 102,445) 35,506 (33,457 - 37,632) 33,375 (31,356 - 35,480)

Male 51,282 (50,027 - 52,434) 17,836 (16,403 - 19,341) 16,771 (15,328 - 18,296)

Female 48,783 (46,932 - 50,552) 17,670 (16,388 - 19,017) 16,605 (15,340 - 17,940)

TOTAL 152,313 (149,021 - 155,515) 66,735 (64,012 - 69,522) 60,406 (57,811 - 63,072)

Male 79,022 (77,425 - 80,556) 34,533 (32,693 - 36,425) 31,288 (29,533 - 33,102)

Female 73,291 (71,005 - 75,520) 32,202 (30,598 - 33,856) 29,118 (27,567 - 30,725)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
92

Cigarette - Race/Ethnicity

Table 14B. Cigarette Use by Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 39.7 (37.4 - 42.0) 26.9 (24.8 - 29.1) 20.5 (18.5 - 22.6)

18-25 74.9 (71.7 - 77.9) 52.7 (49.7 - 55.7) 46.9 (43.8 - 50.1)

26-34 76.8 (74.2 - 79.2) 38.4 (35.8 - 41.1) 34.1 (31.5 - 36.8)

A35 77.6 (75.5 - 79.7) 25.7 (24.0 - 27.6) 24.1 (22.3 - 25.9)

GENDER

Male 77.8 (76.0 - 79.5) 31.9 (29.7 - 34.2) 28.9 (26.7 - 31.1)

Female 69.8 (67.3 - 72.1) 29.8 (28.0 - 31.6) 26.9 (25.2 - 28.7)

TOTAL 73.6 (71.9 - 75.3) 30.8 (29.3 - 32.4) 27.9 (26.4 - 29.4)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 6,036 (5,687 - 6,393) 4,089 (3,770 - 4,425) 3,115 (2,817 - 3,436)

18-25 14,051 (13,451 - 14,605) 9,883 (9,327 - 10,437) 8,799 (8,213 - 9,390)

26-34 18,271 (17,650 - 18,846) 9,139 (8,524 - 9,770) 8,106 (7,494 - 8,742)

A35 80,924 (78,654 - 83,047) 26,838 (25,019 - 28,741) 25,104 (23,298 - 27,003)

GENDER

Male 60,912 (59,493 - 62,252) 25,014 (23,290 - 26,804) 22,610 (20,931 - 24,366)

Female 58,371 (56,355 - 60,300) 24,935 (23,448 - 26,476) 22,514 (21,086 - 24,002)

TOTAL 119,282 (116,437 - 122,011) 49,949 (47,532 - 52,433) 45,124 (42,772 - 47,554)

Table 14C. Cigarette Use by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 32.3 (29.5 - 35.2) 20.4 (18.0 - 23.0) 15.1 (12.9 - 17.6)

18-25 60.0 (57.3 - 62.6) 37.7 (35.0 - 40.5) 31.5 (29.0 - 34.3)

26-34 60.7 (56.9 - 64.4) 29.4 (26.4 - 32.6) 25.4 (22.7 - 28.4)

A35 64.5 (61.1 - 67.7) 29.3 (26.2 - 32.7) 27.0 (24.0 - 30.3)

GENDER

Male 69.5 (66.8 - 71.9) 35.4 (32.6 - 38.3) 31.4 (28.6 - 34.4)

Female 47.1 (44.3 - 49.8) 23.5 (21.3 - 25.9) 20.0 (18.0 - 22.2)

TOTAL 58.4 (56.3 - 60.5) 29.6 (27.7 - 31.5) 25.8 (24.1 - 27.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,002 (916 - 1,093) 634 (560 - 714) 469 (400 - 546)

18-25 2,347 (2,242 - 2,450) 1,474 (1,370 - 1,582) 1,234 (1,132 - 1,340)

26-34 2,835 (2,657 - 3,007) 1,375 (1,235 - 1,523) 1,187 (1,059 - 1,325)

A35 6,866 (6,504 - 7,213) 3,123 (2,789 - 3,479) 2,875 (2,551 - 3,224)

GENDER

Male 7,866 (7,570 - 8,148) 4,011 (3,696 - 4,338) 3,560 (3,244 - 3,891)

Female 5,185 (4,885 - 5,487) 2,594 (2,351 - 2,854) 2,205 (1,984 - 2,443)

TOTAL 13,050 (12,577 - 13,517) 6,605 (6,194 - 7,032) 5,764 (5,378 - 6,168)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
93

Cigarette - Race/Ethnicity

Table 14D. Cigarette Use by Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 26.1 (23.2 - 29.2) 16.2 (13.7 - 19.1) 13.7 (11.6 - 16.2)

18-25 54.1 (50.7 - 57.5) 34.3 (31.1 - 37.7) 30.7 (28.0 - 33.5)

26-34 63.5 (59.8 - 67.0) 33.1 (29.6 - 36.7) 31.5 (28.1 - 35.1)

A35 71.5 (67.8 - 74.9) 33.3 (30.1 - 36.7) 32.2 (29.1 - 35.4)

GENDER

Male 66.1 (63.1 - 69.0) 35.6 (32.9 - 38.4) 33.8 (31.1 - 36.6)

Female 57.5 (54.2 - 60.7) 27.6 (25.1 - 30.3) 25.9 (23.4 - 28.5)

TOTAL 61.4 (58.9 - 63.7) 31.2 (29.3 - 33.1) 29.4 (27.7 - 31.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 846 (753 - 947) 526 (444 - 618) 445 (375 - 527)

18-25 2,125 (1,990 - 2,258) 1,348 (1,222 - 1,480) 1,205 (1,099 - 1,317)

26-34 2,767 (2,607 - 2,920) 1,441 (1,291 - 1,599) 1,375 (1,227 - 1,532)

A35 9,468 (8,977 - 9,923) 4,413 (3,992 - 4,855) 4,267 (3,861 - 4,694)

GENDER

Male 7,366 (7,033 - 7,686) 3,964 (3,660 - 4,279) 3,763 (3,464 - 4,074)

Female 7,839 (7,390 - 8,279) 3,764 (3,417 - 4,132) 3,529 (3,190 - 3,891)

TOTAL 15,206 (14,605 - 15,793) 7,728 (7,260 - 8,212) 7,292 (6,856 - 7,744)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
94

Cigarette - Region

Table 14E. Cigarette Use by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 36.4 (32.1 - 41.0) 24.4 (20.4 - 28.8) 18.1 (14.3 - 22.6)

18-25 63.5 (57.8 - 68.9) 42.2 (37.3 - 47.2) 37.7 (32.9 - 42.9)

26-34 74.4 (69.8 - 78.5) 36.5 (31.9 - 41.4) 32.2 (27.8 - 36.9)

A35 75.9 (71.5 - 79.9) 23.7 (20.4 - 27.2) 22.7 (19.4 - 26.2)

GENDER

Male 71.4 (67.6 - 74.9) 27.1 (23.1 - 31.5) 25.2 (21.3 - 29.5)

Female 69.6 (64.6 - 74.2) 28.7 (25.2 - 32.5) 25.8 (22.2 - 29.7)

TOTAL 70.5 (67.0 - 73.7) 27.9 (25.6 - 30.4) 25.5 (23.2 - 27.9)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,480 (1,303 - 1,666) 989 (828 - 1,169) 734 (582 - 916)

18-25 3,140 (2,855 - 3,407) 2,084 (1,842 - 2,333) 1,866 (1,625 - 2,119)

26-34 5,008 (4,702 - 5,282) 2,459 (2,150 - 2,786) 2,168 (1,873 - 2,486)

A35 20,216 (19,022 - 21,276) 6,299 (5,436 - 7,252) 6,030 (5,177 - 6,977)

GENDER

Male 14,362 (13,600 - 15,067) 5,452 (4,645 - 6,341) 5,071 (4,290 - 5,941)

Female 15,483 (14,367 - 16,503) 6,378 (5,592 - 7,227) 5,726 (4,934 - 6,597)

TOTAL 29,844 (28,389 - 31,208) 11,830 (10,842 - 12,872) 10,797 (9,832 - 11,823)

Table 14F. Cigarette Use by Age Group and Gender for North Central Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 40.5 (36.6 - 44.4) 27.8 (23.8 - 32.2) 21.6 (18.4 - 25.3)

18-25 76.5 (71.9 - 80.6) 57.7 (53.3 - 61.9) 52.2 (47.6 - 56.9)

26-34 73.9 (69.7 - 77.6) 43.5 (39.1 - 48.0) 38.9 (34.5 - 43.5)

A35 75.5 (70.8 - 79.6) 29.3 (25.9 - 32.9) 27.8 (24.5 - 31.3)

GENDER

Male 77.2 (73.8 - 80.3) 37.9 (34.2 - 41.7) 34.4 (30.8 - 38.1)

Female 66.5 (62.4 - 70.4) 32.3 (29.5 - 35.3) 29.8 (27.0 - 32.7)

TOTAL 71.7 (68.4 - 74.7) 35.0 (32.3 - 37.8) 32.0 (29.4 - 34.7)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 2,196 (1,987 - 2,412) 1,510 (1,294 - 1,747) 1,174 (997 - 1,372)

18-25 5,073 (4,765 - 5,343) 3,822 (3,531 - 4,106) 3,463 (3,153 - 3,769)

26-34 5,788 (5,464 - 6,083) 3,408 (3,065 - 3,759) 3,051 (2,707 - 3,410)

A35 23,588 (22,135 - 24,876) 9,143 (8,095 - 10,267) 8,673 (7,645 - 9,783)

GENDER

Male 18,981 (18,138 - 19,744) 9,308 (8,402 - 10,249) 8,455 (7,578 - 9,377)

Female 17,664 (16,576 - 18,690) 8,575 (7,825 - 9,361) 7,906 (7,174 - 8,679)

TOTAL 36,646 (34,960 - 38,220) 17,883 (16,500 - 19,318) 16,361 (15,023 - 17,758)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
95

Cigarette - Region

Table 14G. Cigarette Use by Age Group and Gender for South Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 35.3 (32.5 - 38.2) 22.9 (20.4 - 25.7) 18.0 (15.6 - 20.6)

18-25 68.8 (65.8 - 71.6) 46.3 (43.2 - 49.4) 42.1 (39.0 - 45.2)

26-34 71.1 (67.3 - 74.6) 35.2 (31.9 - 38.6) 32.1 (29.0 - 35.5)

A35 74.2 (70.9 - 77.2) 27.2 (24.4 - 30.3) 25.5 (22.6 - 28.7)

GENDER

Male 76.0 (73.5 - 78.3) 33.6 (30.9 - 36.4) 30.7 (28.1 - 33.4)

Female 62.5 (58.8 - 66.1) 27.7 (25.3 - 30.2) 25.4 (23.1 - 28.0)

TOTAL 69.0 (66.2 - 71.5) 30.5 (28.4 - 32.7) 27.9 (25.8 - 30.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 2,837 (2,613 - 3,069) 1,843 (1,637 - 2,065) 1,445 (1,255 - 1,658)

18-25 6,915 (6,615 - 7,200) 4,653 (4,340 - 4,969) 4,228 (3,917 - 4,546)

26-34 8,631 (8,168 - 9,060) 4,270 (3,872 - 4,684) 3,901 (3,517 - 4,307)

A35 34,936 (33,380 - 36,372) 12,826 (11,471 - 14,278) 12,028 (10,652 - 13,517)

GENDER

Male 28,085 (27,167 - 28,942) 12,425 (11,422 - 13,469) 11,343 (10,377 - 12,358)

Female 25,234 (23,745 - 26,667) 11,167 (10,204 - 12,184) 10,260 (9,303 - 11,279)

TOTAL 53,319 (51,223 - 55,319) 23,592 (21,930 - 25,322) 21,603 (19,974 - 23,311)

Table 14H. Cigarette Use by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 31.3 (28.6 - 34.1) 20.4 (17.9 - 23.2) 15.3 (13.3 - 17.6)

18-25 64.9 (60.6 - 69.0) 41.2 (36.2 - 46.5) 32.7 (27.9 - 38.0)

26-34 68.9 (65.3 - 72.2) 31.9 (28.4 - 35.5) 27.0 (23.7 - 30.5)

A35 75.7 (72.9 - 78.3) 25.7 (22.6 - 29.1) 23.6 (20.8 - 26.6)

GENDER

Male 74.8 (72.1 - 77.4) 31.2 (27.3 - 35.5) 27.3 (23.8 - 31.1)

Female 61.9 (58.7 - 64.9) 25.2 (22.7 - 27.9) 21.7 (19.5 - 24.0)

TOTAL 68.3 (65.6 - 70.8) 28.2 (25.5 - 31.1) 24.5 (22.1 - 27.0)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,630 (1,492 - 1,775) 1,062 (930 - 1,208) 796 (690 - 915)

18-25 4,118 (3,841 - 4,380) 2,615 (2,296 - 2,947) 2,077 (1,770 - 2,410)

26-34 5,432 (5,149 - 5,699) 2,515 (2,242 - 2,803) 2,127 (1,871 - 2,404)

A35 21,324 (20,528 - 22,061) 7,238 (6,360 - 8,191) 6,644 (5,863 - 7,495)

GENDER

Male 17,594 (16,946 - 18,198) 7,348 (6,424 - 8,340) 6,419 (5,594 - 7,315)

Female 14,910 (14,152 - 15,645) 6,082 (5,474 - 6,732) 5,226 (4,700 - 5,794)

TOTAL 32,504 (31,252 - 33,704) 13,430 (12,128 - 14,813) 11,645 (10,511 - 12,859)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
96
97

Smokeless Tobacco - Total Population

Table 15A. Smokeless Tobacco Use by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 8.9 (7.8 - 10.1) 3.7 (3.0 - 4.6) 1.2 (0.9 - 1.7)

Male 14.2 (12.3 - 16.4) 6.6 (5.4 - 8.0) 2.1 (1.5 - 3.0)

Female 3.2 (2.3 - 4.5) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.5) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.8)

18-25 24.1 (22.1 - 26.2) 9.0 (7.7 - 10.3) 5.4 (4.5 - 6.5)

Male 39.2 (35.9 - 42.7) 16.3 (13.9 - 19.1) 10.5 (8.8 - 12.5)

Female 8.6 (6.8 - 10.9) 1.5 (0.9 - 2.3) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.7)

26-34 23.4 (21.4 - 25.6) 6.0 (5.0 - 7.2) 4.3 (3.4 - 5.3)

Male 40.9 (37.3 - 44.7) 11.7 (9.7 - 14.1) 8.3 (6.7 - 10.4)

Female 6.1 (4.8 - 7.8) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.6)

A35 15.6 (14.3 - 17.1) 3.1 (2.6 - 3.8) 2.6 (2.1 - 3.2)

Male 27.9 (25.5 - 30.5) 5.7 (4.6 - 7.0) 4.8 (3.8 - 6.0)

Female 4.8 (3.9 - 6.0) 0.8 (0.5 - 1.3) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.1)

TOTAL 17.2 (16.3 - 18.3) 4.4 (3.9 - 4.9) 3.1 (2.7 - 3.5)

Male 30.1 (28.2 - 32.0) 8.2 (7.3 - 9.3) 5.9 (5.1 - 6.7)

Female 5.3 (4.6 - 6.2) 0.8 (0.6 - 1.1) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.8)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 2,013 (1,767 - 2,290) 846 (690 - 1,035) 275 (200 - 379)

Male 1,652 (1,428 - 1,903) 766 (627 - 932) 250 (179 - 347)

Female 361 (260 - 501) 80 (40 - 162) 26 (8 - 84)

18-25 6,732 (6,179 - 7,318) 2,506 (2,167 - 2,892) 1,517 (1,270 - 1,808)

Male 5,540 (5,070 - 6,025) 2,305 (1,964 - 2,691) 1,481 (1,242 - 1,760)

Female 1,192 (938 - 1,506) 201 (126 - 320) 36 (13 - 96)

26-34 8,099 (7,392 - 8,852) 2,091 (1,743 - 2,505) 1,484 (1,188 - 1,849)

Male 7,028 (6,404 - 7,670) 2,016 (1,672 - 2,421) 1,433 (1,145 - 1,786)

Female 1,071 (836 - 1,367) 75 (40 - 141) 51 (25 - 103)

A35 20,823 (19,069 - 22,705) 4,139 (3,425 - 4,995) 3,454 (2,788 - 4,276)

Male 17,410 (15,889 - 19,017) 3,558 (2,890 - 4,369) 2,993 (2,377 - 3,760)

Female 3,413 (2,744 - 4,235) 580 (371 - 907) 461 (272 - 779)

TOTAL 37,667 (35,544 - 39,890) 9,582 (8,616 - 10,650) 6,730 (5,918 - 7,650)

Male 31,630 (29,698 - 33,633) 8,645 (7,653 - 9,752) 6,157 (5,371 - 7,050)

Female 6,037 (5,222 - 6,971) 937 (682 - 1,286) 573 (364 - 901)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
98

Smokeless Tobacco - Race/Ethnicity

Table 15B. Smokeless Tobacco Use by Age Group and Gender for White, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 11.4 (10.0 - 13.0) 5.0 (4.0 - 6.1) 1.6 (1.2 - 2.3)

18-25 32.0 (29.4 - 34.7) 12.1 (10.4 - 14.0) 7.5 (6.2 - 9.0)

26-34 29.5 (26.9 - 32.3) 8.1 (6.7 - 9.8) 5.6 (4.4 - 7.1)

A35 17.2 (15.7 - 18.9) 3.5 (2.8 - 4.3) 2.9 (2.3 - 3.7)

GENDER

Male 35.8 (33.6 - 38.0) 10.2 (9.0 - 11.5) 7.3 (6.3 - 8.4)

Female 5.6 (4.7 - 6.7) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.1) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.7)

TOTAL 20.2 (19.0 - 21.4) 5.3 (4.7 - 5.9) 3.7 (3.2 - 4.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,741 (1,527 - 1,980) 754 (610 - 929) 249 (175 - 352)

18-25 5,998 (5,504 - 6,515) 2,264 (1,942 - 2,630) 1,399 (1,158 - 1,684)

26-34 7,025 (6,390 - 7,695) 1,928 (1,588 - 2,334) 1,341 (1,054 - 1,701)

A35 17,965 (16,334 - 19,722) 3,603 (2,913 - 4,450) 3,011 (2,375 - 3,812)

GENDER

Male 28,015 (26,297 - 29,782) 7,972 (7,032 - 9,023) 5,722 (4,952 - 6,601)

Female 4,714 (3,969 - 5,588) 577 (376 - 883) 278 (134 - 574)

TOTAL 32,729 (30,857 - 34,685) 8,549 (7,648 - 9,550) 6,000 (5,223 - 6,887)

Table 15C. Smokeless Tobacco Use by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 4.1 (2.9 - 5.7) 1.5 (0.9 - 2.5) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.1)

18-25 9.1 (7.6 - 10.9) 3.0 (2.1 - 4.2) 1.2 (0.6 - 2.2)

26-34 9.0 (6.9 - 11.6) 1.4 (0.8 - 2.4) 1.0 (0.5 - 2.0)

A35 6.6 (5.0 - 8.7) 0.9 (0.5 - 1.8) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.3)

GENDER

Male 11.7 (10.1 - 13.6) 2.3 (1.7 - 3.0) 1.3 (0.8 - 2.0)

Female 2.6 (1.8 - 3.7) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.3) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.8)

TOTAL 7.2 (6.2 - 8.3) 1.5 (1.1 - 1.9) 0.8 (0.5 - 1.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 128 (92 - 177) 47 (29 - 76) 15 (6 - 35)

18-25 356 (297 - 426) 117 (84 - 163) 47 (25 - 86)

26-34 420 (322 - 544) 64 (36 - 114) 48 (24 - 94)

A35 706 (536 - 924) 101 (51 - 197) 58 (24 - 140)

GENDER

Male 1,327 (1,139 - 1,541) 258 (194 - 342) 146 (93 - 227)

Female 283 (195 - 410) 71 (34 - 147) 22 (6 - 85)

TOTAL 1,610 (1,392 - 1,859) 329 (251 - 431) 168 (110 - 254)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
99

Smokeless Tobacco - Race/Ethnicity

Table 15D. Smokeless Tobacco Use by Age Group and Gender for Black, Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.9 (1.1 - 3.3) 0.6 (0.2 - 1.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.6)

18-25 6.5 (4.8 - 8.7) 2.0 (1.2 - 3.2) 1.1 (0.6 - 2.3)

26-34 9.7 (7.5 - 12.5) 1.5 (0.8 - 3.0) 1.5 (0.7 - 3.0)

A35 14.4 (12.0 - 17.1) 3.3 (2.3 - 4.7) 2.9 (2.0 - 4.2)

GENDER

Male 15.5 (13.1 - 18.2) 2.8 (1.8 - 4.2) 2.0 (1.2 - 3.3)

Female 6.8 (5.2 - 8.7) 2.1 (1.4 - 3.2) 2.0 (1.3 - 3.1)

TOTAL 10.7 (9.1 - 12.5) 2.4 (1.7 - 3.3) 2.0 (1.4 - 2.8)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 61 (34 - 108) 21 (8 - 54) 4 (1 - 18)

18-25 256 (190 - 344) 77 (47 - 124) 45 (22 - 91)

26-34 425 (327 - 547) 66 (33 - 131) 65 (32 - 130)

A35 1,905 (1,594 - 2,265) 432 (301 - 616) 382 (263 - 553)

GENDER

Male 1,725 (1,459 - 2,029) 310 (204 - 471) 223 (134 - 369)

Female 922 (711 - 1,189) 285 (187 - 430) 273 (178 - 417)

TOTAL 2,647 (2,264 - 3,085) 595 (431 - 819) 496 (350 - 700)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
100

Smokeless Tobacco - Region

Table 15E. Smokeless Tobacco Use by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 5.4 (3.4 - 8.6) 2.3 (1.2 - 4.3) 0.9 (0.3 - 2.5)

18-25 19.4 (15.4 - 24.3) 6.6 (3.7 - 11.5) 4.6 (2.8 - 7.6)

26-34 20.1 (14.9 - 26.6) 4.5 (2.6 - 7.5) 3.2 (1.6 - 6.1)

A35 10.1 (7.5 - 13.3) 1.4 (0.7 - 3.0) 1.3 (0.6 - 2.8)

GENDER

Male 20.8 (17.3 - 24.7) 4.4 (2.8 - 6.9) 3.3 (1.9 - 5.6)

Female 4.6 (3.3 - 6.5) 1.0 (0.4 - 2.5) 0.7 (0.2 - 2.3)

TOTAL 12.3 (10.2 - 14.8) 2.6 (1.8 - 3.7) 1.9 (1.3 - 2.9)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 220 (137 - 348) 92 (48 - 174) 36 (13 - 100)

18-25 960 (759 - 1,200) 328 (185 - 568) 228 (136 - 376)

26-34 1,356 (1,006 - 1,790) 302 (178 - 505) 212 (108 - 410)

A35 2,677 (2,008 - 3,538) 380 (181 - 794) 337 (150 - 749)

GENDER

Male 4,181 (3,488 - 4,972) 884 (558 - 1,389) 661 (387 - 1,118)

Female 1,032 (730 - 1,453) 218 (86 - 550) 152 (45 - 508)

TOTAL 5,214 (4,327 - 6,252) 1,102 (774 - 1,565) 813 (538 - 1,225)

Table 15F. Smokeless Tobacco Use by Age Group and Gender for North Central Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 11.5 (8.7 - 15.0) 4.8 (3.0 - 7.4) 1.1 (0.5 - 2.6)

18-25 30.4 (24.3 - 37.3) 11.6 (8.5 - 15.7) 6.6 (4.6 - 9.5)

26-34 26.5 (22.0 - 31.6) 7.2 (4.9 - 10.4) 5.3 (3.6 - 7.9)

A35 14.6 (12.2 - 17.4) 3.7 (2.6 - 5.5) 3.1 (2.0 - 4.7)

GENDER

Male 32.4 (28.5 - 36.6) 10.6 (8.5 - 13.1) 7.5 (5.8 - 9.6)

Female 4.9 (3.6 - 6.6) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.1) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

TOTAL 18.1 (16.1 - 20.4) 5.4 (4.5 - 6.5) 3.7 (2.9 - 4.7)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 624 (472 - 816) 258 (164 - 403) 61 (26 - 139)

18-25 2,017 (1,612 - 2,473) 771 (565 - 1,038) 440 (305 - 628)

26-34 2,078 (1,725 - 2,473) 562 (384 - 816) 419 (279 - 623)

A35 4,553 (3,801 - 5,425) 1,171 (800 - 1,705) 966 (628 - 1,477)

GENDER

Male 7,974 (7,019 - 8,992) 2,602 (2,095 - 3,215) 1,838 (1,429 - 2,353)

Female 1,298 (953 - 1,759) 160 (87 - 293) 47 (15 - 143)

TOTAL 9,272 (8,218 - 10,427) 2,762 (2,279 - 3,340) 1,885 (1,467 - 2,417)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
101

Smokeless Tobacco - Region

Table 15G. Smokeless Tobacco Use by Age Group and Gender for South Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 10.6 (8.9 - 12.7) 4.5 (3.4 - 6.1) 1.7 (1.1 - 2.7)

18-25 23.0 (19.3 - 27.1) 9.2 (7.2 - 11.6) 6.1 (4.6 - 8.1)

26-34 24.0 (20.5 - 27.8) 6.9 (5.1 - 9.4) 5.2 (3.6 - 7.4)

A35 19.6 (17.3 - 22.1) 4.2 (3.2 - 5.4) 3.5 (2.6 - 4.7)

GENDER

Male 34.8 (31.3 - 38.6) 10.0 (8.2 - 12.0) 7.4 (5.9 - 9.2)

Female 6.0 (4.6 - 7.8) 1.0 (0.7 - 1.5) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.2)

TOTAL 19.8 (18.1 - 21.6) 5.3 (4.4 - 6.3) 3.9 (3.2 - 4.9)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 855 (715 - 1,019) 364 (272 - 487) 138 (87 - 216)

18-25 2,311 (1,942 - 2,727) 922 (727 - 1,163) 612 (457 - 813)

26-34 2,909 (2,492 - 3,371) 844 (617 - 1,145) 630 (437 - 902)

A35 9,232 (8,152 - 10,416) 1,955 (1,510 - 2,523) 1,647 (1,218 - 2,220)

GENDER

Male 12,875 (11,558 - 14,258) 3,683 (3,034 - 4,453) 2,734 (2,193 - 3,396)

Female 2,432 (1,866 - 3,156) 402 (266 - 607) 292 (169 - 502)

TOTAL 15,307 (13,986 - 16,720) 4,085 (3,413 - 4,880) 3,026 (2,437 - 3,751)

Table 15H. Smokeless Tobacco Use by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

Ever Used Used Past Year Used Past Month

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 6.0 (4.6 - 7.8) 2.5 (1.5 - 4.2) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.5)

18-25 22.8 (20.0 - 25.7) 7.7 (5.8 - 10.1) 3.7 (2.6 - 5.3)

26-34 22.3 (19.1 - 25.8) 4.9 (3.4 - 7.0) 2.8 (1.8 - 4.5)

A35 15.5 (13.2 - 18.1) 2.2 (1.3 - 3.8) 1.8 (1.0 - 3.2)

GENDER

Male 28.1 (25.4 - 30.9) 6.3 (4.9 - 8.0) 3.9 (2.8 - 5.5)

Female 5.3 (4.1 - 6.7) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.2) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.8)

TOTAL 16.5 (15.0 - 18.2) 3.4 (2.7 - 4.3) 2.1 (1.5 - 2.9)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 314 (242 - 406) 131 (78 - 218) 41 (21 - 79)

18-25 1,443 (1,271 - 1,632) 486 (365 - 642) 237 (166 - 338)

26-34 1,757 (1,505 - 2,037) 383 (266 - 548) 223 (138 - 356)

A35 4,360 (3,720 - 5,087) 632 (371 - 1,070) 505 (276 - 916)

GENDER

Male 6,600 (5,973 - 7,266) 1,475 (1,151 - 1,883) 923 (651 - 1,302)

Female 1,274 (1,000 - 1,619) 157 (84 - 294) 82 (35 - 195)

TOTAL 7,875 (7,122 - 8,690) 1,632 (1,291 - 2,060) 1,005 (722 - 1,396)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
102
103

LSD - Total Population

Table 16. LSD Use by Age, Gender, Race, and Region for Total Population in 1998

 Ever Used Used Past Year

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 4.2 (3.5 - 5.0) 2.6 (2.1 - 3.3)

18-25 14.0 (12.6 - 15.6) 3.4 (2.7 - 4.3)

26-34 10.6 (9.4 - 12.1) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6)

A35 6.5 (5.6 - 7.5) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

GENDER

Male 10.2 (9.1 - 11.3) 0.9 (0.7 - 1.2)

Female 5.8 (5.1 - 6.5) 0.7 (0.5 - 1.0)

RACE/ETHNICITY

White, non-Hispanic 9.2 (8.4 - 10.1) 1.0 (0.8 - 1.2)

Black, non-Hispanic 4.0 (2.9 - 5.5) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.3)

Hispanic 4.1 (3.5 - 4.9) 0.5 (0.4 - 0.8)

REGION

Northeast 6.8 (5.4 - 8.5) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.3)

North Central 8.9 (7.4 - 10.7) 1.3 (0.9 - 1.8)

South 6.1 (5.2 - 7.1) 0.7 (0.5 - 1.0)

West 10.7 (9.2 - 12.4) 0.6 (0.5 - 0.9)

TOTAL 7.9 (7.2 - 8.6) 0.8 (0.7 - 1.0)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 962 (806 - 1,148) 601 (475 - 758)

18-25 3,925 (3,522 - 4,365) 944 (746 - 1,192)

26-34 3,684 (3,238 - 4,182) 104 (53 - 204)

A35 8,652 (7,478 - 9,997) 158 (53 - 466)

GENDER

Male 10,694 (9,624 - 11,868) 991 (772 - 1,270)

Female 6,529 (5,793 - 7,352) 816 (602 - 1,105)

RACE/ETHNICITY

White, non-Hispanic 14,897 (13,548 - 16,364) 1,593 (1,276 - 1,987)

Black, non-Hispanic 994 (723 - 1,359) 37 (18 - 77)

Hispanic 925 (783 - 1,092) 120 (81 - 179)

REGION

Northeast 2,873 (2,276 - 3,614) 280 (148 - 530)

North Central 4,537 (3,759 - 5,456) 650 (454 - 930)

South 4,720 (4,043 - 5,502) 574 (410 - 802)

West 5,093 (4,365 - 5,926) 303 (224 - 409)

TOTAL 17,223 (15,783 - 18,783) 1,806 (1,479 - 2,206)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
104

PCP - Total Population

Table 17. PCP Use by Age, Gender, Race, and Region for Total Population in 1998

 Ever Used Used Past Year

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.2 (0.9 - 1.7) 0.6 (0.4 - 1.1)

18-25 3.0 (2.4 - 3.7) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8)

26-34 4.0 (3.2 - 4.9) * * 

A35 3.9 (3.2 - 4.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

GENDER

Male 4.4 (3.6 - 5.3) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.2)

Female 2.7 (2.2 - 3.2) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

RACE/ETHNICITY

White, non-Hispanic 3.9 (3.3 - 4.5) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

Black, non-Hispanic 2.8 (2.0 - 3.8) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

Hispanic 2.0 (1.6 - 2.6) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

REGION

Northeast 3.6 (2.6 - 5.1) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.4)

North Central 4.1 (3.1 - 5.4) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.3)

South 2.5 (1.9 - 3.2) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6)

West 4.4 (3.6 - 5.3) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.2)

TOTAL 3.5 (3.1 - 4.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 273 (195 - 381) 147 (87 - 246)

18-25 829 (665 - 1,031) 115 (61 - 217)

26-34 1,378 (1,121 - 1,691) * * 

A35 5,161 (4,293 - 6,196) 76 (11 - 534)

GENDER

Male 4,633 (3,820 - 5,609) 140 (85 - 233)

Female 3,007 (2,530 - 3,571) 206 (102 - 415)

RACE/ETHNICITY

White, non-Hispanic 6,281 (5,383 - 7,323) 277 (159 - 484)

Black, non-Hispanic 688 (503 - 940) 16 (6 - 44)

Hispanic 450 (351 - 578) 36 (20 - 65)

REGION

Northeast 1,540 (1,100 - 2,145) 62 (25 - 155)

North Central 2,091 (1,592 - 2,739) 73 (30 - 178)

South 1,929 (1,487 - 2,498) 155 (56 - 429)

West 2,081 (1,723 - 2,508) 56 (32 - 99)

TOTAL 7,640 (6,710 - 8,694) 346 (208 - 576)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
105

Heroin - Total Population

Table 18. Heroin Use by Age, Gender, Race, and Region for Total Population in 1998

 Ever Used Used Past Year

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 0.4 (0.2 - 0.6) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.5)

18-25 1.1 (0.8 - 1.5) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.7)

26-34 0.9 (0.6 - 1.4) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

A35 1.3 (0.9 - 1.7) * * 

GENDER

Male 1.3 (1.0 - 1.8) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.2)

Female 0.8 (0.6 - 1.1) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.2)

RACE/ETHNICITY

White, non-Hispanic 1.0 (0.8 - 1.3) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.2)

Black, non-Hispanic 1.9 (1.3 - 2.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

Hispanic 0.7 (0.5 - 1.0) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.3)

REGION

Northeast 1.2 (0.8 - 2.1) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

North Central 1.0 (0.6 - 1.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

South 0.8 (0.5 - 1.1) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

West 1.5 (1.1 - 2.1) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.3)

TOTAL 1.1 (0.9 - 1.3) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.2)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 80 (48 - 135) 58 (31 - 108)

18-25 303 (214 - 428) 111 (59 - 210)

26-34 315 (211 - 469) 29 (11 - 79)

A35 1,673 (1,263 - 2,213) * * 

GENDER

Male 1,415 (1,048 - 1,908) 142 (81 - 248)

Female 956 (719 - 1,269) 111 (66 - 188)

RACE/ETHNICITY

White, non-Hispanic 1,633 (1,233 - 2,161) 161 (91 - 286)

Black, non-Hispanic 473 (320 - 697) 61 (32 - 113)

Hispanic 155 (106 - 227) 31 (15 - 62)

REGION

Northeast 527 (318 - 869) 78 (33 - 186)

North Central 529 (320 - 872) 50 (18 - 140)

South 591 (400 - 871) 56 (25 - 123)

West 724 (523 - 1,001) 69 (38 - 125)

TOTAL 2,371 (1,921 - 2,925) 253 (175 - 365)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
106

Needle - Total Population

Table 19. Needle Use by Age, Gender, Race, and Region for Total Population in 1998

 Ever Used Used Past Year

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

18-25 1.1 (0.7 - 1.6) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9)

26-34 1.1 (0.7 - 1.7) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.3)

A35 1.5 (1.2 - 2.0) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

GENDER

Male 1.7 (1.2 - 2.3) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

Female 0.9 (0.7 - 1.3) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

RACE/ETHNICITY

White, non-Hispanic 1.3 (1.0 - 1.7) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.3)

Black, non-Hispanic 1.5 (1.0 - 2.2) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

Hispanic 0.9 (0.5 - 1.4) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

REGION

Northeast 1.1 (0.6 - 2.0) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

North Central 1.0 (0.6 - 1.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

South 1.3 (0.9 - 1.9) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

West 1.7 (1.2 - 2.4) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.6)

TOTAL 1.3 (1.0 - 1.6) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.2)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 75 (41 - 138) 27 (10 - 74)

18-25 300 (206 - 438) 121 (58 - 249)

26-34 392 (258 - 595) 51 (22 - 119)

A35 2,037 (1,539 - 2,693) 95 (33 - 274)

GENDER

Male 1,768 (1,311 - 2,380) 205 (110 - 381)

Female 1,037 (750 - 1,432) 89 (41 - 191)

RACE/ETHNICITY

White, non-Hispanic 2,169 (1,664 - 2,824) 232 (128 - 420)

Black, non-Hispanic 365 (241 - 551) 27 (10 - 71)

Hispanic 192 (120 - 305) 35 (17 - 74)

REGION

Northeast 462 (247 - 858) 39 (9 - 169)

North Central 533 (319 - 890) 37 (11 - 123)

South 998 (684 - 1,454) 81 (34 - 192)

West 812 (566 - 1,161) 137 (63 - 294)

TOTAL 2,804 (2,260 - 3,479) 294 (181 - 478)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: “Ever Used” refers to use of needles with any drug, and “Used Past Year” refers to use of needle with heroin, cocaine, and

stimulants.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
107

Section IV

Frequency of Drug Use Among Past Year Users
108
109

Marijuana Frequency - Total Population

Table 20A. Frequency of Marijuana Use During Past Year by Gender Within Age Group for Total

Population in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 14.1 (12.9 - 15.3) 7.6 (6.7 - 8.8) 4.8 (4.0 - 5.8)

Male 14.4 (12.8 - 16.2) 8.2 (6.9 - 9.6) 5.2 (4.2 - 6.5)

Female 13.7 (12.0 - 15.6) 7.1 (5.7 - 8.8) 4.3 (3.2 - 5.8)

18-25 24.1 (22.3 - 26.0) 14.0 (12.7 - 15.4) 9.1 (8.1 - 10.2)

Male 28.1 (25.3 - 31.1) 17.4 (15.4 - 19.5) 12.2 (10.4 - 14.2)

Female 20.0 (17.7 - 22.6) 10.5 (8.9 - 12.3) 6.0 (4.9 - 7.3)

26-34 9.7 (8.6 - 11.0) 4.8 (4.0 - 5.7) 3.2 (2.6 - 3.9)

Male 13.0 (11.1 - 15.1) 6.8 (5.5 - 8.3) 4.5 (3.5 - 5.7)

Female 6.5 (5.4 - 7.8) 2.8 (2.2 - 3.7) 1.9 (1.3 - 2.6)

A35 4.1 (3.5 - 4.7) 2.4 (1.9 - 2.9) 1.5 (1.2 - 2.1)

Male 5.6 (4.6 - 6.8) 3.3 (2.6 - 4.2) 2.1 (1.5 - 2.9)

Female 2.7 (2.2 - 3.5) 1.6 (1.1 - 2.2) 1.1 (0.7 - 1.7)

TOTAL 8.6 (8.0 - 9.2) 4.8 (4.4 - 5.3) 3.1 (2.7 - 3.5)

Male 10.8 (10.0 - 11.6) 6.3 (5.6 - 7.0) 4.2 (3.6 - 4.8)

Female 6.5 (5.9 - 7.2) 3.4 (3.0 - 3.9) 2.1 (1.8 - 2.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 3,197 (2,928 - 3,486) 1,737 (1,514 - 1,990) 1,087 (901 - 1,308)

Male 1,670 (1,481 - 1,878) 946 (800 - 1,116) 608 (491 - 752)

Female 1,527 (1,336 - 1,742) 791 (639 - 976) 478 (351 - 649)

18-25 6,739 (6,242 - 7,261) 3,905 (3,538 - 4,304) 2,549 (2,264 - 2,865)

Male 3,966 (3,568 - 4,389) 2,454 (2,178 - 2,757) 1,721 (1,468 - 2,010)

Female 2,773 (2,444 - 3,134) 1,452 (1,238 - 1,697) 828 (677 - 1,010)

26-34 3,362 (2,974 - 3,794) 1,655 (1,399 - 1,955) 1,096 (899 - 1,335)

Male 2,227 (1,900 - 2,599) 1,160 (941 - 1,425) 769 (602 - 981)

Female 1,135 (944 - 1,362) 495 (376 - 650) 327 (234 - 456)

A35 5,412 (4,651 - 6,293) 3,166 (2,585 - 3,875) 2,061 (1,540 - 2,754)

Male 3,469 (2,853 - 4,209) 2,047 (1,592 - 2,626) 1,284 (911 - 1,806)

Female 1,943 (1,532 - 2,460) 1,120 (811 - 1,544) 777 (512 - 1,175)

TOTAL 18,710 (17,454 - 20,048) 10,464 (9,523 - 11,493) 6,793 (6,002 - 7,683)

Male 11,332 (10,477 - 12,247) 6,606 (5,917 - 7,370) 4,383 (3,812 - 5,034)

Female 7,378 (6,679 - 8,146) 3,858 (3,377 - 4,403) 2,410 (2,034 - 2,853)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: "At Least Once" is equivalent to "Used Past Year" in Table 3.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
110

Marijuana Frequency - Race/Ethnicity

Table 20B. Frequency of Marijuana Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for White,

Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 14.6 (13.0 - 16.3) 8.6 (7.2 - 10.1) 5.6 (4.4 - 7.0)

18-25 26.5 (23.9 - 29.3) 15.0 (13.3 - 17.0) 9.8 (8.4 - 11.4)

26-34 10.3 (8.8 - 12.0) 4.7 (3.8 - 5.9) 3.0 (2.3 - 4.0)

A35 3.9 (3.2 - 4.7) 2.2 (1.7 - 2.8) 1.5 (1.0 - 2.1)

GENDER

Male 10.4 (9.4 - 11.5) 5.9 (5.1 - 6.8) 4.0 (3.3 - 4.8)

Female 6.7 (5.9 - 7.5) 3.5 (2.9 - 4.1) 2.2 (1.8 - 2.7)

TOTAL 8.4 (7.8 - 9.2) 4.6 (4.1 - 5.2) 3.0 (2.6 - 3.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 2,220 (1,977 - 2,487) 1,300 (1,094 - 1,542) 847 (672 - 1,066)

18-25 4,969 (4,483 - 5,487) 2,816 (2,487 - 3,180) 1,837 (1,575 - 2,138)

26-34 2,453 (2,096 - 2,862) 1,127 (898 - 1,411) 718 (544 - 946)

A35 4,045 (3,343 - 4,886) 2,277 (1,770 - 2,926) 1,531 (1,061 - 2,205)

GENDER

Male 8,119 (7,331 - 8,981) 4,607 (3,989 - 5,314) 3,122 (2,590 - 3,758)

Female 5,567 (4,913 - 6,302) 2,914 (2,467 - 3,439) 1,812 (1,474 - 2,224)

TOTAL 13,686 (12,557 - 14,907) 7,521 (6,687 - 8,453) 4,934 (4,205 - 5,783)

Table 20C. Frequency of Marijuana Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 14.4 (12.2 - 16.9) 6.5 (5.0 - 8.4) 3.4 (2.4 - 4.8)

18-25 16.6 (14.2 - 19.4) 9.1 (7.4 - 11.0) 5.7 (4.4 - 7.2)

26-34 6.4 (4.8 - 8.4) 3.2 (2.2 - 4.6) 2.1 (1.3 - 3.3)

A35 4.1 (2.9 - 5.8) 2.7 (1.8 - 4.0) 1.4 (0.9 - 2.3)

GENDER

Male 10.5 (8.8 - 12.4) 6.1 (5.0 - 7.3) 3.5 (2.7 - 4.5)

Female 5.8 (4.8 - 7.0) 2.8 (2.1 - 3.6) 1.6 (1.1 - 2.3)

TOTAL 8.2 (7.2 - 9.3) 4.4 (3.8 - 5.2) 2.6 (2.1 - 3.2)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 447 (380 - 525) 202 (157 - 260) 107 (76 - 149)

18-25 651 (555 - 759) 354 (290 - 432) 222 (173 - 283)

26-34 297 (224 - 393) 151 (105 - 216) 98 (62 - 155)

A35 434 (305 - 614) 284 (191 - 421) 148 (91 - 240)

GENDER

Male 1,187 (998 - 1,407) 687 (568 - 828) 397 (310 - 507)

Female 642 (531 - 774) 305 (233 - 398) 178 (122 - 258)

TOTAL 1,829 (1,616 - 2,067) 992 (852 - 1,154) 574 (468 - 705)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: "At Least Once" is equivalent to "Used Past Year" in Table 3.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
111

Marijuana Frequency - Race/Ethnicity

Table 20D. Frequency of Marijuana Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for Black,

Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 12.1 (9.3 - 15.6) 5.3 (3.8 - 7.4) 3.1 (2.0 - 4.9)

18-25 24.4 (22.0 - 27.0) 16.4 (14.2 - 18.9) 10.7 (9.0 - 12.8)

26-34 11.8 (9.7 - 14.4) 7.8 (6.0 - 10.0) 5.6 (4.0 - 7.8)

A35 5.8 (4.4 - 7.5) 3.7 (2.7 - 5.2) 2.5 (1.7 - 3.8)

GENDER

Male 14.8 (12.9 - 16.9) 10.0 (8.4 - 11.8) 6.7 (5.2 - 8.5)

Female 7.2 (6.1 - 8.5) 4.0 (3.3 - 4.7) 2.6 (2.1 - 3.3)

TOTAL 10.6 (9.4 - 11.9) 6.7 (5.8 - 7.6) 4.4 (3.7 - 5.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 391 (301 - 505) 172 (123 - 240) 101 (64 - 159)

18-25 958 (863 - 1,060) 644 (558 - 740) 421 (353 - 501)

26-34 516 (422 - 628) 339 (262 - 435) 244 (174 - 340)

A35 763 (586 - 987) 496 (356 - 687) 336 (221 - 508)

GENDER

Male 1,646 (1,433 - 1,886) 1,111 (932 - 1,319) 745 (585 - 946)

Female 982 (826 - 1,165) 540 (452 - 644) 357 (285 - 446)

TOTAL 2,628 (2,339 - 2,949) 1,651 (1,439 - 1,890) 1,102 (918 - 1,322)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: "At Least Once" is equivalent to "Used Past Year" in Table 3.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
112

Marijuana Frequency - Region

Table 20E. Frequency of Marijuana Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region

in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 15.4 (12.4 - 19.1) 8.0 (5.8 - 10.8) 5.6 (3.6 - 8.7)

18-25 22.4 (18.5 - 26.8) 13.1 (10.0 - 17.0) 6.9 (4.8 - 9.7)

26-34 9.9 (7.4 - 13.1) 4.5 (3.0 - 6.7) 3.3 (2.0 - 5.5)

A35 4.1 (2.6 - 6.5) 2.6 (1.4 - 4.9) 1.9 (0.9 - 4.3)

GENDER

Male 10.5 (8.2 - 13.2) 6.0 (4.3 - 8.5) 4.1 (2.5 - 6.6)

Female 6.3 (5.0 - 7.8) 3.4 (2.5 - 4.7) 2.1 (1.3 - 3.4)

TOTAL 8.3 (6.7 - 10.2) 4.7 (3.4 - 6.3) 3.1 (2.0 - 4.8)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 627 (504 - 774) 325 (237 - 440) 229 (147 - 352)

18-25 1,106 (915 - 1,325) 650 (497 - 841) 339 (238 - 479)

26-34 666 (499 - 880) 301 (200 - 450) 221 (132 - 368)

A35 1,098 (692 - 1,726) 699 (370 - 1,304) 515 (229 - 1,141)

GENDER

Male 2,103 (1,651 - 2,661) 1,214 (857 - 1,706) 830 (512 - 1,331)

Female 1,394 (1,115 - 1,738) 760 (550 - 1,047) 474 (300 - 747)

TOTAL 3,497 (2,821 - 4,318) 1,974 (1,443 - 2,688) 1,304 (839 - 2,014)

Table 20F. Frequency of Marijuana Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for North Central

Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 15.0 (12.3 - 18.3) 7.8 (5.2 - 11.4) 5.0 (2.9 - 8.3)

18-25 30.0 (25.9 - 34.6) 17.8 (14.8 - 21.4) 12.1 (9.7 - 15.1)

26-34 10.3 (8.0 - 13.2) 5.4 (3.9 - 7.4) 3.2 (2.1 - 4.9)

A35 3.2 (2.2 - 4.7) 1.4 (0.9 - 2.3) 1.0 (0.5 - 1.9)

GENDER

Male 10.8 (9.2 - 12.7) 5.5 (4.5 - 6.7) 3.7 (2.8 - 4.8)

Female 7.4 (5.7 - 9.6) 4.2 (3.0 - 5.8) 2.8 (1.9 - 3.9)

TOTAL 9.1 (7.8 - 10.5) 4.8 (3.9 - 5.9) 3.2 (2.5 - 4.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 817 (665 - 995) 421 (282 - 621) 269 (158 - 451)

18-25 1,991 (1,714 - 2,293) 1,182 (979 - 1,417) 805 (642 - 1,003)

26-34 809 (629 - 1,033) 423 (305 - 584) 252 (165 - 381)

A35 1,014 (697 - 1,468) 448 (275 - 726) 308 (162 - 584)

GENDER

Male 2,656 (2,258 - 3,114) 1,354 (1,106 - 1,654) 902 (695 - 1,169)

Female 1,975 (1,522 - 2,548) 1,120 (804 - 1,553) 731 (517 - 1,031)

TOTAL 4,631 (3,981 - 5,375) 2,474 (2,011 - 3,036) 1,634 (1,282 - 2,078)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: "At Least Once" is equivalent to "Used Past Year" in Table 3.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
113

Marijuana Frequency - Region

Table 20G. Frequency of Marijuana Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for South Region in

1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 11.8 (10.0 - 13.9) 7.0 (5.5 - 8.7) 4.2 (3.1 - 5.7)

18-25 20.5 (17.6 - 23.8) 11.3 (9.2 - 13.8) 7.8 (6.2 - 9.7)

26-34 9.3 (7.5 - 11.6) 4.5 (3.3 - 6.2) 2.6 (1.8 - 3.7)

A35 3.7 (2.9 - 4.8) 2.4 (1.7 - 3.4) 1.6 (1.0 - 2.5)

GENDER

Male 10.1 (8.7 - 11.7) 6.3 (5.2 - 7.7) 4.2 (3.4 - 5.3)

Female 5.4 (4.5 - 6.5) 2.6 (2.0 - 3.3) 1.5 (1.1 - 2.1)

TOTAL 7.6 (6.8 - 8.6) 4.4 (3.8 - 5.1) 2.8 (2.4 - 3.4)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 948 (801 - 1,118) 559 (446 - 699) 338 (247 - 460)

18-25 2,061 (1,764 - 2,393) 1,135 (927 - 1,383) 781 (621 - 977)

26-34 1,135 (906 - 1,413) 551 (400 - 755) 315 (218 - 454)

A35 1,766 (1,372 - 2,268) 1,136 (815 - 1,579) 748 (470 - 1,187)

GENDER

Male 3,730 (3,219 - 4,313) 2,333 (1,909 - 2,843) 1,571 (1,265 - 1,949)

Female 2,180 (1,818 - 2,608) 1,048 (820 - 1,337) 610 (431 - 862)

TOTAL 5,910 (5,249 - 6,646) 3,380 (2,923 - 3,906) 2,182 (1,819 - 2,615)

Table 20H. Frequency of Marijuana Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for West Region in

1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 15.5 (13.3 - 17.9) 8.3 (6.6 - 10.5) 4.8 (3.6 - 6.4)

18-25 24.9 (22.0 - 28.0) 14.8 (12.4 - 17.5) 9.8 (7.8 - 12.2)

26-34 9.5 (7.3 - 12.3) 4.8 (3.4 - 6.7) 3.9 (2.6 - 5.8)

A35 5.4 (4.2 - 7.0) 3.1 (2.3 - 4.3) 1.7 (1.2 - 2.5)

GENDER

Male 12.1 (10.5 - 13.9) 7.3 (6.0 - 8.7) 4.6 (3.7 - 5.7)

Female 7.6 (6.6 - 8.7) 3.9 (3.2 - 4.7) 2.5 (1.9 - 3.1)

TOTAL 9.8 (8.7 - 11.0) 5.5 (4.8 - 6.4) 3.5 (3.0 - 4.2)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 805 (691 - 934) 433 (341 - 546) 251 (188 - 335)

18-25 1,580 (1,398 - 1,777) 939 (789 - 1,112) 623 (498 - 776)

26-34 752 (577 - 973) 380 (271 - 530) 308 (205 - 459)

A35 1,535 (1,190 - 1,971) 884 (649 - 1,200) 490 (347 - 692)

GENDER

Male 2,843 (2,466 - 3,268) 1,706 (1,414 - 2,052) 1,079 (862 - 1,347)

Female 1,829 (1,593 - 2,098) 930 (766 - 1,126) 594 (464 - 759)

TOTAL 4,672 (4,146 - 5,257) 2,636 (2,291 - 3,029) 1,673 (1,407 - 1,987)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: "At Least Once" is equivalent to "Used Past Year" in Table 3.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
114
115

Cocaine Frequency - Total Population

Table 21A. Frequency of Cocaine Use During Past Year by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population

in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 1.7 (1.3 - 2.2) 0.6 (0.3 - 0.9) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5)

Male 1.3 (0.9 - 2.0) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.4)

Female 2.0 (1.4 - 3.0) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.4) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9)

18-25 4.7 (3.9 - 5.5) 1.1 (0.8 - 1.4) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.8)

Male 5.9 (4.7 - 7.4) 1.5 (1.0 - 2.2) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.1)

Female 3.4 (2.6 - 4.5) 0.6 (0.4 - 1.0) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.7)

26-34 2.7 (2.1 - 3.5) 1.0 (0.7 - 1.4) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.7)

Male 3.6 (2.6 - 5.0) 0.9 (0.5 - 1.8) 0.5 (0.2 - 0.9)

Female 1.9 (1.3 - 2.6) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.7) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8)

A35 0.9 (0.7 - 1.2) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

Male 1.3 (0.9 - 1.8) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.2) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.6)

Female 0.5 (0.3 - 0.9) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.7) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

TOTAL 1.7 (1.5 - 2.0) 0.7 (0.5 - 0.8) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.4)

Male 2.3 (1.9 - 2.7) 0.8 (0.6 - 1.1) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5)

Female 1.2 (1.0 - 1.5) 0.5 (0.4 - 0.7) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 379 (285 - 503) 126 (78 - 203) 64 (35 - 115)

Male 151 (100 - 227) 41 (19 - 91) 21 (9 - 46)

Female 228 (155 - 333) 85 (48 - 150) 43 (19 - 95)

18-25 1,306 (1,097 - 1,552) 301 (224 - 403) 133 (83 - 214)

Male 834 (666 - 1,042) 214 (146 - 312) 83 (43 - 161)

Female 472 (353 - 628) 87 (55 - 139) 50 (26 - 96)

26-34 942 (731 - 1,211) 342 (233 - 501) 156 (99 - 245)

Male 618 (440 - 863) 161 (85 - 304) 78 (39 - 157)

Female 324 (229 - 457) 181 (112 - 290) 78 (41 - 147)

A35 1,185 (888 - 1,579) 683 (451 - 1,031) 243 (136 - 433)

Male 796 (555 - 1,141) 427 (248 - 734) 172 (81 - 365)

Female 388 (242 - 622) 255 (136 - 479) 70 (27 - 185)

TOTAL 3,811 (3,342 - 4,344) 1,452 (1,158 - 1,819) 595 (445 - 797)

Male 2,399 (2,027 - 2,837) 843 (615 - 1,155) 354 (232 - 541)

Female 1,412 (1,147 - 1,736) 608 (443 - 834) 241 (162 - 358)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: "At Least Once" is equivalent to "Used Past Year" in Table 4.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
116

Cocaine Frequency - Race/Ethnicity

Table 21B. Frequency of Cocaine Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for White,

Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.9 (1.4 - 2.7) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.1) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.7)

18-25 5.5 (4.4 - 6.8) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.4) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9)

26-34 2.9 (2.1 - 4.0) 0.9 (0.5 - 1.6) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.7)

A35 0.7 (0.5 - 1.1) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.3)

GENDER

Male 2.1 (1.7 - 2.7) 0.6 (0.4 - 1.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

Female 1.3 (1.0 - 1.6) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

TOTAL 1.7 (1.4 - 2.0) 0.6 (0.4 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 291 (207 - 408) 88 (47 - 164) 45 (21 - 100)

18-25 1,031 (831 - 1,275) 169 (108 - 265) 81 (40 - 167)

26-34 693 (501 - 956) 208 (114 - 379) 67 (29 - 156)

A35 734 (483 - 1,113) 440 (242 - 799) 127 (48 - 335)

GENDER

Male 1,667 (1,332 - 2,085) 473 (281 - 794) 178 (85 - 374)

Female 1,081 (847 - 1,380) 432 (286 - 653) 143 (79 - 258)

TOTAL 2,749 (2,333 - 3,236) 905 (646 - 1,265) 321 (200 - 513)

Table 21C. Frequency of Cocaine Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 2.5 (1.7 - 3.7) 1.2 (0.7 - 2.0) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.1)

18-25 5.1 (3.9 - 6.6) 2.4 (1.7 - 3.5) 0.9 (0.5 - 1.6)

26-34 1.9 (1.2 - 2.9) 0.8 (0.5 - 1.5) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9)

A35 1.3 (0.8 - 2.2) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.5) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.9)

GENDER

Male 3.2 (2.5 - 4.1) 1.5 (1.1 - 2.2) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.9)

Female 1.3 (0.9 - 1.8) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.1) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8)

TOTAL 2.3 (1.9 - 2.8) 1.1 (0.8 - 1.5) 0.5 (0.3 - 0.7)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 78 (52 - 115) 36 (21 - 62) 18 (9 - 34)

18-25 199 (154 - 256) 94 (65 - 137) 36 (20 - 63)

26-34 87 (56 - 135) 38 (21 - 68) 18 (8 - 43)

A35 142 (85 - 237) 81 (40 - 163) 32 (11 - 94)

GENDER

Male 364 (285 - 463) 175 (122 - 249) 61 (34 - 106)

Female 142 (100 - 201) 75 (45 - 124) 42 (21 - 86)

TOTAL 505 (414 - 617) 250 (187 - 334) 103 (65 - 164)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: "At Least Once" is equivalent to "Used Past Year" in Table 4.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
117

Cocaine Frequency - Race/Ethnicity

Table 21D. Frequency of Cocaine Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for Black,

Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 * * * * * * 

18-25 1.4 (0.8 - 2.5) 0.9 (0.4 - 1.9) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9)

26-34 3.4 (2.3 - 5.0) 2.2 (1.3 - 3.6) 1.6 (0.9 - 2.9)

A35 2.0 (1.3 - 3.0) 1.1 (0.6 - 1.9) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.3)

GENDER

Male 2.5 (1.8 - 3.6) 1.6 (1.0 - 2.5) 1.0 (0.6 - 1.8)

Female 1.3 (0.8 - 2.3) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.6) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9)

TOTAL 1.9 (1.4 - 2.5) 1.1 (0.8 - 1.6) 0.7 (0.4 - 1.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 * * * * * * 

18-25 54 (30 - 96) 35 (17 - 74) 15 (7 - 34)

26-34 148 (99 - 220) 95 (57 - 157) 71 (39 - 128)

A35 261 (170 - 401) 146 (85 - 251) 85 (43 - 168)

GENDER

Male 280 (196 - 398) 177 (113 - 277) 115 (66 - 198)

Female 183 (106 - 315) 100 (44 - 224) 56 (26 - 120)

TOTAL 463 (349 - 612) 277 (196 - 390) 171 (111 - 261)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: "At Least Once" is equivalent to "Used Past Year" in Table 4.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
118

Cocaine Frequency - Region

Table 21E. Frequency of Cocaine Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in

1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 0.6 (0.2 - 1.7) 0.2 (0.0 - 1.1) 0.2 (0.0 - 1.1)

18-25 3.3 (1.8 - 6.0) 0.9 (0.4 - 2.4) 0.4 (0.1 - 2.0)

26-34 2.5 (1.2 - 4.9) 1.7 (0.9 - 3.0) 0.9 (0.4 - 2.0)

A35 0.4 (0.2 - 1.1) 0.3 (0.1 - 1.0) * * 

GENDER

Male 1.2 (0.7 - 2.1) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.9) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.8)

Female 1.0 (0.6 - 1.7) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.5) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6)

TOTAL 1.1 (0.7 - 1.6) 0.6 (0.4 - 1.0) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 25 (9 - 68) 9 (2 - 44) 9 (2 - 44)

18-25 163 (89 - 297) 45 (17 - 117) 22 (5 - 97)

26-34 167 (83 - 333) 112 (61 - 205) 61 (28 - 134)

A35 107 (40 - 283) 85 (29 - 254) * * 

GENDER

Male 246 (140 - 432) 81 (34 - 190) 54 (19 - 153)

Female 216 (125 - 372) 171 (87 - 336) 48 (18 - 129)

TOTAL 462 (310 - 690) 252 (155 - 411) 102 (50 - 208)

Table 21F. Frequency of Cocaine Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for North Central

Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 1.2 (0.6 - 2.4) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.8) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.8)

18-25 5.4 (3.7 - 8.0) 1.1 (0.5 - 2.2) 0.7 (0.2 - 1.9)

26-34 2.9 (1.8 - 4.6) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.4) 0.2 (0.0 - 1.0)

A35 0.5 (0.2 - 1.2) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.8) 0.2 (0.0 - 0.8)

GENDER

Male 2.2 (1.5 - 3.2) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.1) 0.4 (0.1 - 1.0)

Female 1.0 (0.6 - 1.6) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5) 0.1 (0.0 - 0.4)

TOTAL 1.6 (1.2 - 2.1) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.6) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 66 (33 - 130) 9 (2 - 46) 5 (1 - 44)

18-25 361 (245 - 528) 71 (34 - 149) 44 (16 - 124)

26-34 225 (139 - 364) 39 (14 - 106) 13 (2 - 75)

A35 157 (68 - 364) 56 (13 - 243) 50 (10 - 255)

GENDER

Male 538 (367 - 785) 121 (56 - 261) 92 (35 - 242)

Female 272 (173 - 428) 54 (21 - 140) 21 (4 - 97)

TOTAL 810 (605 - 1,082) 175 (97 - 315) 113 (49 - 259)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: "At Least Once" is equivalent to "Used Past Year" in Table 4.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
119

Cocaine Frequency - Region

Table 21G. Frequency of Cocaine Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for South Region in

1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 2.1 (1.2 - 3.5) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.6) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.6)

18-25 3.7 (2.6 - 5.2) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.4) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.7)

26-34 2.6 (1.6 - 4.1) 1.2 (0.6 - 2.4) 0.4 (0.2 - 1.0)

A35 1.0 (0.6 - 1.7) 0.7 (0.3 - 1.3) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.6)

GENDER

Male 2.4 (1.8 - 3.3) 1.2 (0.7 - 2.0) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8)

Female 1.1 (0.7 - 1.5) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.7) 0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

TOTAL 1.7 (1.4 - 2.2) 0.8 (0.5 - 1.2) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 165 (98 - 278) 56 (25 - 127) 21 (9 - 49)

18-25 369 (257 - 526) 78 (44 - 138) 34 (17 - 68)

26-34 318 (200 - 502) 143 (69 - 296) 47 (19 - 118)

A35 477 (286 - 792) 316 (159 - 625) 105 (41 - 270)

GENDER

Male 902 (656 - 1,238) 435 (255 - 738) 140 (66 - 296)

Female 426 (290 - 624) 158 (87 - 287) 66 (33 - 132)

TOTAL 1,329 (1,047 - 1,684) 593 (392 - 897) 207 (120 - 354)

Table 21H. Frequency of Cocaine Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 2.3 (1.5 - 3.6) 1.0 (0.5 - 1.9) 0.5 (0.2 - 1.5)

18-25 6.5 (5.1 - 8.2) 1.7 (1.2 - 2.4) 0.5 (0.3 - 1.0)

26-34 2.9 (1.8 - 4.7) 0.6 (0.3 - 1.3) 0.4 (0.2 - 1.1)

A35 1.6 (1.0 - 2.4) 0.8 (0.4 - 1.4) 0.3 (0.1 - 0.6)

GENDER

Male 3.0 (2.4 - 3.8) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.3) 0.3 (0.2 - 0.5)

Female 2.1 (1.5 - 2.8) 0.9 (0.5 - 1.6) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8)

TOTAL 2.5 (2.1 - 3.1) 0.9 (0.6 - 1.3) 0.4 (0.2 - 0.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 122 (79 - 187) 51 (26 - 101) 28 (10 - 79)

18-25 412 (326 - 520) 106 (73 - 153) 32 (17 - 61)

26-34 232 (143 - 373) 48 (23 - 102) 34 (13 - 90)

A35 444 (291 - 675) 226 (125 - 405) 79 (35 - 174)

GENDER

Male 712 (560 - 905) 206 (144 - 295) 68 (38 - 122)

Female 498 (360 - 685) 225 (128 - 394) 106 (56 - 199)

TOTAL 1,210 (998 - 1,465) 431 (307 - 605) 174 (111 - 272)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: "At Least Once" is equivalent to "Used Past Year" in Table 4.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
120
121

Alcohol Frequency - Total Population

Table 22A. Frequency of Alcohol Use During Past Year by Gender Within Age Group for Total Population

in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

12-17 31.8 (30.0 - 33.7) 12.0 (10.9 - 13.2) 4.6 (3.9 - 5.5)

Male 31.0 (28.6 - 33.4) 12.1 (10.6 - 13.8) 5.1 (4.1 - 6.3)

Female 32.7 (30.3 - 35.1) 11.9 (10.2 - 13.8) 4.1 (3.2 - 5.4)

18-25 74.2 (71.8 - 76.4) 46.7 (44.4 - 49.1) 24.5 (22.3 - 27.0)

Male 79.3 (76.5 - 81.9) 57.2 (54.0 - 60.4) 32.4 (29.1 - 35.9)

Female 68.9 (65.6 - 72.1) 35.9 (32.9 - 39.1) 16.5 (14.3 - 19.1)

26-34 74.5 (72.5 - 76.4) 47.4 (45.1 - 49.7) 23.8 (21.7 - 25.9)

Male 77.7 (74.9 - 80.2) 58.7 (55.4 - 61.9) 33.5 (30.6 - 36.6)

Female 71.5 (68.5 - 74.2) 36.3 (33.5 - 39.2) 14.1 (12.3 - 16.2)

A35 64.6 (62.6 - 66.6) 40.8 (38.9 - 42.8) 24.6 (23.1 - 26.2)

Male 70.2 (67.7 - 72.6) 51.2 (48.6 - 53.8) 33.7 (31.3 - 36.1)

Female 59.7 (57.0 - 62.3) 31.7 (29.2 - 34.3) 16.6 (14.8 - 18.6)

TOTAL 64.0 (62.4 - 65.6) 39.6 (38.1 - 41.2) 22.4 (21.2 - 23.6)

Male 68.3 (66.5 - 70.1) 48.9 (47.1 - 50.8) 30.3 (28.7 - 32.0)

Female 60.0 (57.9 - 62.0) 31.0 (29.1 - 32.9) 15.0 (13.7 - 16.4)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

12-17 7,233 (6,819 - 7,661) 2,732 (2,475 - 3,012) 1,053 (891 - 1,242)

Male 3,596 (3,324 - 3,880) 1,407 (1,231 - 1,604) 592 (478 - 731)

Female 3,637 (3,372 - 3,912) 1,325 (1,139 - 1,537) 461 (354 - 598)

18-25 20,739 (20,082 - 21,359) 13,059 (12,404 - 13,718) 6,864 (6,226 - 7,545)

Male 11,203 (10,803 - 11,566) 8,087 (7,632 - 8,534) 4,575 (4,110 - 5,065)

Female 9,536 (9,075 - 9,972) 4,972 (4,549 - 5,411) 2,289 (1,973 - 2,645)

26-34 25,794 (25,102 - 26,452) 16,406 (15,604 - 17,213) 8,218 (7,526 - 8,954)

Male 13,334 (12,861 - 13,769) 10,080 (9,520 - 10,627) 5,760 (5,258 - 6,284)

Female 12,460 (11,950 - 12,940) 6,327 (5,842 - 6,828) 2,459 (2,140 - 2,817)

A35 86,041 (83,368 - 88,646) 54,381 (51,756 - 57,046) 32,747 (30,743 - 34,837)

Male 43,758 (42,189 - 45,254) 31,911 (30,288 - 33,529) 20,976 (19,523 - 22,480)

Female 42,283 (40,385 - 44,140) 22,470 (20,715 - 24,302) 11,771 (10,494 - 13,169)

TOTAL 139,807 (136,301 - 143,246) 86,578 (83,269 - 89,932) 48,882 (46,311 - 51,552)

Male 71,891 (69,985 - 73,740) 51,485 (49,525 - 53,449) 31,902 (30,175 - 33,683)

Female 67,916 (65,580 - 70,212) 35,093 (32,949 - 37,313) 16,980 (15,476 - 18,602)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: "At Least Once" is equivalent to "Used Past Year" in Table 13.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
122

Alcohol Frequency - Race/Ethnicity

Table 22B. Frequency of Alcohol Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for White,

Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 35.1 (32.7 - 37.5) 13.9 (12.3 - 15.6) 5.2 (4.2 - 6.4)

18-25 79.0 (75.5 - 82.2) 51.6 (48.2 - 55.1) 27.9 (24.7 - 31.3)

26-34 79.0 (76.3 - 81.4) 51.5 (48.3 - 54.6) 25.2 (22.6 - 28.0)

A35 68.0 (65.7 - 70.3) 43.8 (41.4 - 46.2) 26.9 (25.1 - 28.8)

GENDER

Male 70.8 (68.6 - 73.0) 51.3 (48.9 - 53.7) 32.4 (30.3 - 34.6)

Female 65.0 (62.6 - 67.3) 35.3 (32.8 - 37.8) 17.5 (15.9 - 19.3)

TOTAL 67.8 (65.8 - 69.7) 43.0 (41.1 - 45.0) 24.7 (23.2 - 26.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 5,331 (4,973 - 5,700) 2,110 (1,872 - 2,372) 792 (646 - 969)

18-25 14,822 (14,161 - 15,410) 9,686 (9,032 - 10,337) 5,228 (4,631 - 5,870)

26-34 18,786 (18,144 - 19,372) 12,239 (11,491 - 12,983) 6,001 (5,383 - 6,665)

A35 70,894 (68,465 - 73,232) 45,675 (43,198 - 48,183) 28,032 (26,155 - 29,992)

GENDER

Male 55,454 (53,696 - 57,135) 40,186 (38,278 - 42,090) 25,384 (23,738 - 27,087)

Female 54,378 (52,345 - 56,349) 29,523 (27,483 - 31,629) 14,669 (13,276 - 16,176)

TOTAL 109,832 (106,602 - 112,960) 69,709 (66,523 - 72,931) 40,053 (37,609 - 42,602)

Table 22C. Frequency of Alcohol Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for Hispanics in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 29.4 (26.1 - 32.8) 9.7 (8.1 - 11.7) 3.6 (2.7 - 4.9)

18-25 66.2 (63.4 - 68.9) 39.0 (36.3 - 41.7) 18.9 (16.8 - 21.2)

26-34 66.2 (62.7 - 69.5) 39.8 (36.4 - 43.4) 18.6 (15.9 - 21.7)

A35 60.7 (56.8 - 64.5) 34.4 (31.1 - 37.8) 16.5 (14.0 - 19.3)

GENDER

Male 68.3 (65.4 - 71.0) 45.9 (43.1 - 48.8) 24.8 (22.4 - 27.3)

Female 48.4 (45.5 - 51.3) 19.5 (17.4 - 21.7) 6.1 (4.9 - 7.5)

TOTAL 58.5 (56.2 - 60.7) 32.9 (31.1 - 34.8) 15.6 (14.2 - 17.1)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 912 (812 - 1,020) 302 (251 - 362) 112 (82 - 152)

18-25 2,588 (2,478 - 2,694) 1,524 (1,419 - 1,632) 739 (656 - 829)

26-34 3,091 (2,929 - 3,245) 1,860 (1,699 - 2,026) 869 (741 - 1,014)

A35 6,470 (6,055 - 6,871) 3,661 (3,313 - 4,026) 1,755 (1,491 - 2,055)

GENDER

Male 7,732 (7,407 - 8,042) 5,203 (4,887 - 5,523) 2,805 (2,536 - 3,093)

Female 5,330 (5,012 - 5,649) 2,144 (1,917 - 2,390) 670 (543 - 825)

TOTAL 13,062 (12,550 - 13,565) 7,347 (6,942 - 7,764) 3,476 (3,165 - 3,810)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: "At Least Once" is equivalent to "Used Past Year" in Table 13.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
123

Alcohol Frequency - Race/Ethnicity

Table 22D. Frequency of Alcohol Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for Black,

Non-Hispanics, in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 22.3 (19.2 - 25.8) 7.6 (5.8 - 9.9) 3.1 (1.9 - 5.0)

18-25 64.2 (60.8 - 67.4) 37.7 (34.1 - 41.4) 18.8 (15.4 - 22.7)

26-34 66.0 (62.3 - 69.4) 41.9 (38.1 - 45.8) 24.6 (21.4 - 28.1)

A35 48.1 (44.4 - 51.7) 29.7 (27.0 - 32.5) 16.9 (14.7 - 19.2)

GENDER

Male 56.8 (53.9 - 59.6) 41.4 (38.5 - 44.5) 25.4 (22.7 - 28.3)

Female 45.1 (41.7 - 48.7) 21.1 (18.5 - 23.8) 9.6 (8.2 - 11.3)

TOTAL 50.4 (47.9 - 52.8) 30.2 (28.1 - 32.4) 16.7 (15.2 - 18.3)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 723 (621 - 835) 246 (188 - 320) 100 (62 - 162)

18-25 2,520 (2,388 - 2,646) 1,479 (1,340 - 1,625) 739 (606 - 893)

26-34 2,876 (2,717 - 3,026) 1,828 (1,662 - 1,999) 1,073 (934 - 1,225)

A35 6,364 (5,878 - 6,853) 3,933 (3,575 - 4,311) 2,232 (1,951 - 2,544)

GENDER

Male 6,328 (6,007 - 6,643) 4,616 (4,285 - 4,953) 2,830 (2,533 - 3,149)

Female 6,155 (5,681 - 6,635) 2,871 (2,528 - 3,246) 1,314 (1,112 - 1,548)

TOTAL 12,482 (11,875 - 13,089) 7,486 (6,972 - 8,022) 4,144 (3,774 - 4,543)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: "At Least Once" is equivalent to "Used Past Year" in Table 13.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
124

Alcohol Frequency - Region

Table 22E. Frequency of Alcohol Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for Northeast Region in

1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 33.8 (29.0 - 38.9) 11.7 (9.0 - 15.1) 4.6 (3.0 - 7.0)

18-25 78.0 (72.9 - 82.4) 46.4 (41.4 - 51.4) 23.7 (19.6 - 28.4)

26-34 77.1 (72.2 - 81.3) 48.1 (42.0 - 54.2) 24.8 (19.8 - 30.7)

A35 71.9 (68.1 - 75.4) 43.6 (39.7 - 47.7) 25.4 (21.9 - 29.2)

GENDER

Male 72.1 (68.0 - 75.8) 49.9 (45.9 - 54.0) 31.1 (27.2 - 35.3)

Female 67.7 (64.2 - 71.1) 34.1 (29.6 - 38.8) 15.8 (13.1 - 19.0)

TOTAL 69.8 (67.3 - 72.2) 41.6 (38.9 - 44.4) 23.1 (20.7 - 25.6)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,373 (1,180 - 1,581) 477 (367 - 614) 186 (121 - 284)

18-25 3,854 (3,602 - 4,070) 2,293 (2,047 - 2,542) 1,172 (970 - 1,402)

26-34 5,190 (4,861 - 5,476) 3,237 (2,830 - 3,647) 1,672 (1,333 - 2,065)

A35 19,139 (18,137 - 20,065) 11,616 (10,555 - 12,700) 6,754 (5,834 - 7,764)

GENDER

Male 14,500 (13,682 - 15,251) 10,047 (9,226 - 10,867) 6,261 (5,476 - 7,103)

Female 15,056 (14,266 - 15,803) 7,576 (6,586 - 8,633) 3,524 (2,919 - 4,226)

TOTAL 29,556 (28,485 - 30,579) 17,622 (16,469 - 18,798) 9,784 (8,784 - 10,861)

Table 22F. Frequency of Alcohol Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for North Central

Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 35.7 (32.0 - 39.6) 14.1 (11.5 - 17.1) 5.8 (4.1 - 8.0)

18-25 84.5 (80.3 - 87.9) 56.6 (50.9 - 62.1) 31.6 (26.0 - 37.8)

26-34 82.1 (78.5 - 85.3) 51.4 (47.0 - 55.8) 22.5 (19.1 - 26.3)

A35 70.5 (66.2 - 74.5) 44.3 (39.2 - 49.5) 28.9 (25.6 - 32.4)

GENDER

Male 74.6 (71.5 - 77.4) 53.8 (48.9 - 58.7) 34.9 (30.7 - 39.3)

Female 66.6 (62.5 - 70.4) 34.4 (29.8 - 39.4) 17.4 (14.5 - 20.6)

TOTAL 70.4 (67.3 - 73.3) 43.8 (39.6 - 48.0) 25.8 (22.8 - 29.0)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,938 (1,738 - 2,148) 764 (624 - 928) 313 (223 - 436)

18-25 5,603 (5,324 - 5,831) 3,752 (3,372 - 4,120) 2,095 (1,725 - 2,504)

26-34 6,437 (6,152 - 6,683) 4,031 (3,685 - 4,375) 1,762 (1,495 - 2,062)

A35 22,033 (20,688 - 23,274) 13,834 (12,249 - 15,458) 9,024 (7,986 - 10,138)

GENDER

Male 18,328 (17,566 - 19,034) 13,235 (12,032 - 14,420) 8,581 (7,552 - 9,671)

Female 17,683 (16,610 - 18,694) 9,145 (7,914 - 10,460) 4,613 (3,859 - 5,479)

TOTAL 36,011 (34,420 - 37,511) 22,381 (20,261 - 24,545) 13,194 (11,673 - 14,839)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: "At Least Once" is equivalent to "Used Past Year" in Table 13.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998
125

Alcohol Frequency - Region

Table 22G. Frequency of Alcohol Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for South Region in

1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 29.5 (26.6 - 32.6) 11.4 (9.4 - 13.9) 3.8 (2.7 - 5.2)

18-25 69.3 (65.2 - 73.0) 43.2 (39.3 - 47.1) 21.6 (17.8 - 26.0)

26-34 70.9 (67.7 - 73.8) 46.2 (42.3 - 50.2) 25.0 (21.4 - 29.1)

A35 56.0 (51.8 - 60.0) 34.5 (31.5 - 37.8) 19.9 (17.0 - 23.1)

GENDER

Male 62.6 (59.7 - 65.4) 44.9 (42.0 - 47.9) 26.3 (23.5 - 29.3)

Female 52.4 (48.0 - 56.8) 26.1 (23.4 - 29.0) 12.8 (10.4 - 15.6)

TOTAL 57.3 (54.1 - 60.4) 35.1 (32.9 - 37.4) 19.3 (17.0 - 21.7)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 2,374 (2,141 - 2,620) 921 (755 - 1,117) 303 (220 - 415)

18-25 6,961 (6,557 - 7,337) 4,338 (3,952 - 4,733) 2,172 (1,786 - 2,615)

26-34 8,605 (8,227 - 8,961) 5,612 (5,133 - 6,096) 3,042 (2,597 - 3,534)

A35 26,355 (24,393 - 28,278) 16,269 (14,815 - 17,786) 9,375 (8,019 - 10,896)

GENDER

Male 23,148 (22,082 - 24,183) 16,614 (15,543 - 17,699) 9,737 (8,698 - 10,852)

Female 21,146 (19,370 - 22,907) 10,525 (9,436 - 11,694) 5,155 (4,183 - 6,312)

TOTAL 44,294 (41,821 - 46,722) 27,140 (25,431 - 28,900) 14,891 (13,163 - 16,788)

Table 22H. Frequency of Alcohol Use During Past Year by Age Group and Gender for West Region in 1998

AGE/

 /GENDER

At Least Once 12 or More Days 51 or More Days

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

Observed

Estimate 95% C.I.

RATE ESTIMATES (Percent)

AGE

12-17 29.7 (26.0 - 33.8) 11.0 (9.3 - 12.9) 4.8 (3.7 - 6.3)

18-25 68.1 (62.5 - 73.3) 42.2 (38.7 - 45.8) 22.5 (19.0 - 26.3)

26-34 70.5 (65.6 - 75.0) 44.7 (39.8 - 49.7) 22.1 (18.1 - 26.7)

A35 65.7 (62.4 - 68.8) 44.9 (41.7 - 48.2) 27.0 (24.3 - 29.7)

GENDER

Male 67.7 (62.9 - 72.1) 49.3 (45.7 - 52.8) 31.1 (28.4 - 34.0)

Female 58.2 (54.8 - 61.6) 32.6 (29.2 - 36.1) 15.3 (13.1 - 17.8)

TOTAL 62.9 (59.5 - 66.2) 40.8 (37.8 - 43.9) 23.1 (21.4 - 24.9)

POPULATION ESTIMATES (In Thousands)

AGE

12-17 1,548 (1,354 - 1,758) 571 (482 - 674) 252 (191 - 330)

18-25 4,321 (3,965 - 4,647) 2,676 (2,453 - 2,904) 1,424 (1,208 - 1,667)

26-34 5,562 (5,175 - 5,915) 3,527 (3,144 - 3,919) 1,742 (1,428 - 2,103)

A35 18,514 (17,588 - 19,399) 12,661 (11,747 - 13,588) 7,594 (6,855 - 8,381)

GENDER

Male 15,915 (14,790 - 16,958) 11,588 (10,757 - 12,422) 7,323 (6,681 - 7,999)

Female 14,031 (13,200 - 14,842) 7,847 (7,029 - 8,711) 3,689 (3,163 - 4,284)

TOTAL 29,945 (28,311 - 31,520) 19,435 (18,016 - 20,888) 11,012 (10,205 - 11,863)

* Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE: "At Least Once" is equivalent to "Used Past Year" in Table 13.

Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998