fact

fact book

book

fact book

fact book

fact bookfact book

fact book

Fact Book

Fiscal Year

2012

Fact Book

Fiscal Year

2012

February 2013

For Administrative Use

National Institutes

of Health

National Heart, Lung,

and Blood Institute

iii

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Contents

Contents

Figures.................................................................................................................................................. v

Tables................................................................................................................................................. vii

1. Abbreviated Staff Directory.......................................................................................................... 1

2. Program Overview........................................................................................................................ 9

3. Important Events......................................................................................................................... 19

4. Disease Statistics......................................................................................................................... 33

5. Institute-Initiated Programs Starting in FY 2012........................................................................ 53

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees........................................................................................ 59

7. Fiscal Year 2012 Budget Overview ............................................................................................ 65

8. Long-Term Trends ...................................................................................................................... 67

9. Research Grants.......................................................................................................................... 77

10. Research and Development Contracts...................................................................................... 101

11. Clinical Trials............................................................................................................................ 111

12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities............................................. 135

13. Research Training and Career Development Programs............................................................ 157

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2012 ............................................................ 167

Appendixes

Types of Research Activity ....................................................................................................... 189

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................ 195

Index ......................................................................................................................................... 197

v

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Contents

Figures

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2010 ................................................................................................................ 35

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2010............................................................... 35

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 2010 ........................................................................................... 36

Deaths From Lung Diseases, U.S., 2010........................................................................................................... 36

Deaths From Blood Diseases, U.S., 2010 ......................................................................................................... 36

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2010.................................................................................. 37

Death Rates for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2010.............................................................................. 37

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2010 .................................................................................. 38

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2010................................................................ 38

Deaths Attributed to Heart Failure, U.S., 1970–2010....................................................................................... 39

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2010............. 40

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2010......................................... 40

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2010 ....................................................... 41

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead 

From Hospitals, U.S., 1990, 2000, and 2010 .................................................................................................. 41

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Males, Ages 35–74 Years, in Selected Countries, 

1990–2010...................................................................................................................................................... 42

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Females, Ages 35–74 Years, in Selected Countries, 

1990–2010...................................................................................................................................................... 42

Percent Change in Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Selected Causes by Race and Sex, U.S., 

2001–2010...................................................................................................................................................... 43

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2010 ............................................................................. 43

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2010 ........................................................................................ 44

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2010............................................ 44

Death Rates for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases in Males, Ages 35 Years and Older, 

in Selected Countries, 1990–2010................................................................................................................... 45

Death Rates for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases in Females, Ages 35 Years and Older, in 

Selected Countries, 1990–2010....................................................................................................................... 45

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases by Race/Ethnicity 

and Sex, U.S., 1999–2010............................................................................................................................... 46

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 2000–2010 ............................................................................ 46

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults by Age and Sex, U.S., 2007–2010......................................... 47

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2007–2011...................................... 48

Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2011........................ 48

Hypertensive Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Ages 18 Years and Older, U.S., 

1976–1980 to 2007–2010................................................................................................................................ 49

Adult Population With Hypertension by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex, U.S., 2007–2010 ................................ 49

Hospitalization Rates for Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 Years and 65 Years and Older, U.S., 1971–2010 ............. 50

Prevalence of Asthma Episodes in Previous 12 Months by Age, U.S., 1997–2011............................................ 50

Total Economic Cost of the Leading Diagnostic Groups, U.S., 2009............................................................... 52
vi

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Contents

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2012 Budget Overview

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category..................................................................................................65

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program.....................................................................................................65

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 

Current Dollars...............................................................................................................................................69 

Constant 2002 Dollars.....................................................................................................................................69

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2002–2012.......................................................71

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 2002–2012.....................................72

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 2002–2012....................................................................................................................................72

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 

Dollars ............................................................................................................................................................74 

Percent of Total Extramural Budget................................................................................................................75

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category......................................................................................................78

NHLBI Research Project Grants, Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 2002–2012....................................................................................................................................78

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 

Number Reviewed and Awarded .....................................................................................................................79 

Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate)...............................................................................79

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 2002–2012....................80

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 2002–2012........................................................82

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 2002–2012..............................101

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 ............................157

NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 2002–2012.......................................................................157

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 ..............................................................................................163

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2012

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2012.......................................................................167
vii

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Contents

Tables

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Programs Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute............................................................10

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1990 and 2010 .........................................................................................................................................35

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2010 ....................................................36

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, 

U.S., 1963, 1990, and 2010...............................................................................................................................39

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2010..............................................44

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2007–2011....................................................47

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2009 .................................................51

Direct Economic Cost and Percent Distribution for Selected Conditions by Type 

of Service, U.S., 2009.......................................................................................................................................52

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2012 Budget Overview

NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2012 ........................................................................65

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2012 ........................................................................66

NHLBI Cardiovascular Sciences Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2012 ...................................................................................66

NHLBI Lung Diseases Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2012 ...................................................................................66

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2012 ...................................................................................66

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2012 ...................................................................................67

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 

Current Dollars...............................................................................................................................................70 

Constant 2002 Dollars.....................................................................................................................................70

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2002–2012.......................................................71

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 2002–2012..................................................................................................71

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 

Dollars ............................................................................................................................................................73 

Percent of Total Extramural Budget................................................................................................................73

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 

Dollars ............................................................................................................................................................74 

Percent of Total Extramural Budget................................................................................................................75
viii

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Contents

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2012 ................................................................77

NHLBI Research Project Grants, Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 2002–2012....................................................................................................................................78

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 

Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded.....................................................................................79

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 2002–2012....................80

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 2002–2012 ......................81

Facility and Administrative (F&A) Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants: Fiscal Years 

2002–2012........................................................................................................................................................81

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 2002–2012........................................................82

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10, U19) Programs...........................................................................83

NHLBI Centers of Research Program (P50)......................................................................................................96

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 2002–2012..............................101

Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program..................................................................102

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2002–2012............................................................111

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2012: Summary by Program ..................................116

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 

Contracts.......................................................................................................................................................118 

Cooperative Agreements ...............................................................................................................................120

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2012: Summary by Program 

Contracts.......................................................................................................................................................122 

Cooperative Agreements ...............................................................................................................................122

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2012......................158

History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 .............................................................159

Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 2002–2012..................................................................160

NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 ..........................................................................161

NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2002–2012.........................................................162

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research 

Supplements Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 .........................................................................163

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type on Grants: Fiscal Years 2002–2012.........................164

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type on Contracts: Fiscal 

Years 2002–2012............................................................................................................................................164

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type on Grants: 

Fiscal Years 2002–2012..................................................................................................................................165

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type on Contracts: 

Fiscal Years 2002–2012..................................................................................................................................165

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2012

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2012....................................................168
1

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book 

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

1. Abbreviated Staff Directory*

Office of the Director Bldg. Room Phone MSC**† 

Director, Gary H. Gibbons, M.D.......................................... 31 5A48 496–5166 2486

Deputy Director, Susan B. Shurin, M.D. .............................. 31 5A48 496–5166 2486

Chief of Staff, Sheila Pohl ................................................... 31 5A48 594–5355 2486

Administrative Officer, Tho-Van Tran ............................. RKL2‡ 8095 435–6373 7921

Associate Director, Administrative Management, 

Kathleen B. O’Sullivan .................................................... 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Associate Director for Basic Research, 

Alan M. Michelson, M.D., Ph.D...................................... 10 7N258 451–8041 1654

Office of Management

Executive Officer, Kathleen B. O’Sullivan ........................ 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Acting Deputy Executive Officer, Ariel Herman.............. 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Administrative Officer, Kathleen D. Rechen................ RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Program Advisor, Marilyn G. Jackson ............................ RKL1§ 6130 594–4690 7994

Ethics Office

Deputy Ethics Counselor, Nancy O’Hanlon, J.D........ 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Lead Ethics Specialist, Kim Y. Brinson....................... 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Ethics Coordinator, Hedy S. Tam .............................. 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Administrative Officer, Tho-Van Tran ................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Program Management Office

Program Analyst Officer, (Vacant) ............................. To be determined

Center for Biomedical Informatics

Acting Director, Kathleen B. O’Sullivan..................... RKL1 6100 435–0119 7994

Administrative Officer, Kathleen D. Rechen........... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Customer Support Branch

Acting Chief, Brian Kotula.................................... RKL1 6106 435–0119 7994

Infrastructure Engineering Branch

Acting Chief, Brian Kotula.................................... RKL1 6106 435–0119 7994

Operation and Performance Management Branch

Acting Chief, Matthew S. Raschka........................ RKL1 6112 435–0119 7994

Software Engineering Branch

Acting Chief, Matthew S. Raschka........................ RKL1 6112 435–0119 7994

Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Loretta L. Usilton ............................................ RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Financial Management Branch

Chief, Alex N. Hawkins.............................................. 31 5A34 496–4653 2490

Administrative Officer, Cheryl Wagoner................ RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

* Current as of September 30, 2012. For locating personnel not listed, the general information number is 301–496–4000. All 

listed phone numbers are in area code 301. The Personnel Directory, which is periodically updated throughout the year, is 

located on the NHLBI Home Page under About NHLBI.

**MSC—Mail Stop Code. † Full mailing address formats are located at the end of this chapter.

‡ RKL2—Rockledge II Building.

§ RKL1—Rockledge I Building.
2

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Office of the Director (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Freedom of Information and Privacy Act Branch

Chief, Suzanne A. Freeman ................................................ RKL1 6054 496–9737 7957

Management Services Branch

Chief, Michael Corriere...................................................... 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Administrative Officer, Cheryl R. Wagoner................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Office of Communications

Acting Director, Carl Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. .............................. 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Acting Deputy Director, Ann M. Taubenheim, Ph.D. .............. 31 4A10 496–4236 2480

Administrative Officer, David J. Andrews........................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Health Campaigns and Consumer Services Branch

Chief, Ann M. Taubenheim, Ph.D....................................... 31 4A10 496–4236 2480

Public Affairs Branch

Chief, Diane E. Striar ........................................................ 31 4A10 496–4236 2480

Office of Global Health

Director, Arun Chockalingam, Ph.D........................................ 31 5A06 496–3620 2490

Deputy Director, Cristina Rabadan-Diehl, Ph.D. .................... 31 5A06 496–3620 2490

Administrative Officer, Melissa K. Hiers-Wilkison............. RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Office of Research Training and Minority Health

Director, Helena O. Mishoe, Ph.D., M.P.H. ............................ RKL2 9093C 451–5081 7913

Deputy Director, Chitra Krishnamurti, Ph.D........................... RKL2 9093C 451–5081 7913

Administrative Officer, J. Nikki Howell.............................. RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Office of Science and Technology

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. ..................................... 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Deputy Director, Barbara R. Marzetta, M.S........................... 31 5A07 496–9899 2482

Administrative Officer, Terri B. Pike .................................. RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Program Studies and Reports Program

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. ................................ 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Science and Special Issues Program

Director, Barbara R. Marzetta, M.S. ................................. 31 5A07 496–9899 2482

Office of Public Liaison 

Coordinator, Hilary S. Leeds, J.D...................................... 31 5A07 594–9869 2482

Office of Technology Transfer and Development

Director, Alan H. Deutch, Ph.D. ........................................ RKL1 6018 402–5579 7992

Center for Population Studies

Director, Daniel Levy, M.D. .................................................... 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2

 Framingham, MA 01702–5827

 508–935–3458

Associate Director,

Christopher J. O’Donnell, M.D., M.P.H............................. 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2

 Framingham, MA 01702–5827

 508–935–3435 
3

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Division of Cardiovascular Sciences

Office of the Director

Director, Michael S. Lauer, M.D............................................. RKL2 8128 435–0422 7940

Deputy Director, Sonia I. Skarlatos, Ph.D. .................................. RKL2 8248 435–0466 7940

Administrative Officer, Lisa A. Freeny .................................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Office of Special Projects

Special Assistant for Clinical Studies,

David J. Gordon, M.D., Ph.D. ............................................ RKL2 8134 435–0534 7940

Office of Biostatistics Research

Director, Nancy L. Geller, Ph.D. ............................................. RKL2 9202 435–0434 7913

Office of Research Training and Career Development

Director, Jane D. Scott, Sc.D., M.S.N. .................................... RKL2 8138 435–0535 7940

Adult and Pediatric Cardiac Research Program

Director, Gail D. Pearson, M.D., Sc.D..................................... RKL2 8132 435–0510 7940

Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease Branch

Chief, Yves D. Rosenberg, M.D. ......................................... RKL2 8146 435–1292 7956

Heart Developmental and Structural Diseases Branch

Chief, Jonathan R. Kaltman, M.D. ..................................... RKL2 8104 435–0510 7940

Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch

Chief, David A. Lathrop, Ph.D. .......................................... RKL2 8170 435–0504 7956

Basic and Early Translational Research Program

Director, Denis B. Buxton, Ph.D.............................................. RKL2 8216 435–0513 7940

Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch

Chief, Marissa Miller, D.V.M., M.P.H. .............................. RKL2 8214 435–0513 7940

Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch

Chief, Zorina S. Galis, Ph.D............................................... RKL2 8116 435–0560 7940 

Prevention and Population Sciences Program

Director, Diane E. Bild, M.D., M.P.H. .................................... RKL2 10018 435–0457 7936

Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch

Chief, Lawrence J. Fine, M.D............................................. RKL2 10216 435–0305 7936

Epidemiology Branch

Chief, Paul D. Sorlie, Ph.D................................................. RKL2 10210 435–0456 7936

Women’s Health Initiative Branch 

Chief, Jacques E. Rossouw, M.D......................................... RKL2 9192 402–2900 7913

Jackson Heart Study

Director, Herman A. Taylor, Jr., M.D. ............................... Jackson Medical Mall, Suite 701

 350 West Woodrow Wilson Drive

 Jackson, MS 39213

 601–979–8744

Division of Lung Diseases

Office of the Director

Director, James P. Kiley, Ph.D., M.S. ...................................... RKL2 10042 435–0233 7952

Deputy Director, Gail G. Weinmann, M.D. ............................. RKL2 10042 435–0233 7952

Administrative Officer, Amy W. Sheetz............................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Airway Biology and Disease Branch

Chief, Thomas L. Croxton, Ph.D., M.D. ............................ RKL2 10042 435–0202 7952

Lung Biology and Disease Branch

Chief, Dorothy B. Gail, Ph.D.............................................. RKL2 10042 435–0222 7952
4

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Division of Lung Diseases (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Director, Michael J. Twery, Ph.D. ...................................... RKL2 10042 435–0199 7952

Research Training Programs

Leader, Sandra Colombini Hatch, M.D. ............................. RLK2 10042 435–0222 7952

Leader, Ann E. Rothgeb ..................................................... RLK2 10042 435–0202 7952

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

Office of the Director

Director, W. Keith Hoots, M.D................................................ RKL2 9136 435–0080 7950

Deputy Director, Donna M. DiMichele, M.D.......................... RKL2 9132 435–0080 7950

Administrative Officer, Amy W. Sheetz............................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Special Advisor to the Director, Norma B. Lerner, M.D.......... RKL2 9132 435–0080 7950

Senior Program Analyst, Susan E. Pucie................................. RKL2 9138 435–0080 7950

Blood Diseases Branch

Chief, Harvey S. Luksenburg, M.D..................................... RKL2 9160 435–0050 7950

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch

Chief, Jamie E. Siegel, M.D. .............................................. RKL2 9030 435–0080 7950

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics Branch

Chief, Simone A. Glynn, M.D............................................. RKL2 9142 435–0065 7950

Research Training Programs

Leader, Lis Welniak, Ph.D. ................................................ RKL2 9143 435–0065 7950

Leader, Rita Sarkar, Ph.D.................................................. RKL2 9161 435–0070 7950

Leader, Ellen M. Werner, Ph.D. ......................................... RKL2 9162 435–0050 7950

Leader, Henry Chang, M.D................................................ RKL2 9176 435–0080 7950

Division for the Application of Research Discoveries

Director, Denise G. Simons-Morton, M.D., Ph.D. ........................ 31 4A11 496–5437 2480

Acting Deputy Director, Karen A. Donato, S.M. ........................ 31 4A11 496–5437 2480

Administrative Officer, Tho-Van Tran ..................................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Senior Manager for Program Operations

Mishyelle Croom, M.A....................................................... 31 4A11 496–5437 2480

Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Branch

Acting Chief, Karen A. Donato, S.M....................................... 31 4A11 496–5437 2480

Research Translation Branch

Acting Chief, Denise G. Simons-Morton, M.D., Ph.D............. 31 4A11 496–5437 2480

Division of Extramural Research Activities

Office of the Director

Director, Stephen C. Mockrin, Ph.D. ...................................... RKL2 7100 435–0260 7922

Deputy Director, Jodi B. Black, Ph.D. .................................... RKL2 7104 435–0260 7922

Chief of Staff, Marianna Mertts, Ph.D. .................................. RKL2 7220 435–0260 7922

Administrative Officer, Veronica M. VanWagner................ RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Office of Acquisitions

Director, John C. Taylor..................................................... RKL2 6100 435–0330 7902

Deputy Director, Joanna Magginas ................................... RKL2 6106 435–0330 7902

Special Assistant to the Director

Debra C. Hawkins......................................................... RKL2 6224 435–0361 7902

Consolidated Operations Acquisition Center Services Branch

Chief, Richard A. Phillips.............................................. RKL2 6150 402–6462 7902
5

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

* 10CRC—Building 10 Clinical Research Center.

Division of Extramural Research Activities (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

NHLBI Extramural Contracts Branch

Chief, Susan B. Pearlman.............................................. RKL2 6136 435–6672 7902

Office of Committee Management

Director, Kathryn M. Valeda.............................................. RKL2 7110 435–0255 7922

Deputy Director & Scientific Review Evaluation Activities 

Administrator, David Alperin ........................................ RLK2 7118 435–0255 7922

Office of Extramural Policy and Review

Director, Paul A. Velletri, Ph.D.......................................... RKL2 7218 435–0569 7922

Office of Scientific Review 

Director, Valerie L. Prenger, Ph.D...................................... RKL2 7214 435–0270 7924

Referral Officer, Dana A. Phares, Ph.D. ............................. RKL2 7176 435–0314 7924

Blood and Vascular Branch

Chief, Jeffrey H. Hurst, Ph.D........................................ RKL2 7208 435–0303 7924

Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch

Chief, William J. Johnson, Ph.D.................................... RKL2 7178 435–0725 7924

Clinical Studies and Training Branch

Chief, Charles W. Joyce, Ph.D....................................... RKL2 7194 435–0288 7924

Office of Grants Management

Director, Suzanne A. White................................................ RKL2 7160 435–0166 7926

Deputy Director, Ryan C. Lombardi .................................. RKL2 7172 435–0166 7926

Blood Diseases and Resources and Lung Diseases Branch

Chief, Theresa R. Jarosik .............................................. RKL2 7156 435–0166 7926

Cardiovascular Sciences Branch 

Chief, Teresa F. Marquette.............................................. RKL2 7130 435–0166 7926

Office of Translational Alliances and Coordination

Acting Director, Jodi B. Black, Ph.D. ................................ RKL2 7104 435–0260 7922

Division of Intramural Research

Office of the Director

Director, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D........................................... 10CRC* 4-1581 496–2116 1458

Office of the Scientific Director

Director, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D...................................... 10CRC 4-1581 496–2116 1458

Deputy Director, L. Michelle Bennett, Ph.D. ..................... 10CRC 4-1581 496–2116 1458

Intramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Gary Unger.................................................... 3 3E02 451–0892 0303

Animal Program

Director, James B. Hawkins, D.V.M.............................. 14E 105C 451–6743 5570

Animal Care and Use Committee

Program Coordinator, Kelly E. Cole ............................. 14E 106C 451–6459 5570

Imaging Probe Development Center/Road Map Initiative

Acting Chief, James B. Mitchell, Ph.D.......................... 10 B3B69 402–9013 1002

Laboratory of Animal Medicine and Surgery

Chief, Robert Hoyt, D.V.M............................................ 14E 105B 496–9673 5570

Murine Phenotyping Core

Head, Danielle Springer, D.V.M.................................... 14E 107A 594–6171 5570

Office of Education

Director, Herbert M. Geller, Ph.D...................................... 10 6N248 451–9440 1754
6

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Division of Intramural Research (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Office of the Clinical Director

Acting Director, Richard R. Childs, M.D. .......................... 10CRC 3-5330 451–7128 1230

Deputy Director, Nicole J. Gormley, M.D. ......................... 10CRC 6-5140 451–4645 1608

Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, 

and Inflammation

Chief, Neal S. Young, M.D................................................. 10CRC 3-5140 496–5093 1202

Office of Clinical Affairs

Associate Director, Melissa B. Bryant, M.S. ...................... 10CRC 6-5140 594–8378 1608

Hematology Branch

Chief, Neal S. Young, M.D................................................. 10CRC 3-5140 496–5093 1202

Flow Cytometry Core

Head, J. Philip McCoy, Ph.D. ....................................... 10 8C104 451–8824 1357

Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch

Chief, Andrew E. Arai, M.D. .............................................. 10 B1D416 496–3658 1061

Animal MRI/Imaging Core

Head, Stasia Anderson, Ph.D. ....................................... 10 B1D416 402–0908 1061

Biochemistry and Biophysics Center

Director, Nico Tjandra, Ph.D. ............................................ 50 3503 402–3029 8013

Biophysics Core

Head, Grzegorz Piszczek, Ph.D..................................... 50 3124 435–8082 8012 

Biochemistry Core

Head, Duck-Yeon Lee, Ph.D. ........................................ 50 3120 435–8369 8012

Cell Biology and Physiology Center

Director, Clare Waterman, Ph.D. ....................................... 50 4535 435–2949 8019

Light Microscopy Core

Head, Christian Combs, Ph.D. ...................................... 10 6N309 496–3236 1623

Center for Molecular Medicine

Chief, Toren Finkel, M.D., Ph.D......................................... 10CRC 5-3330 402–4081 1454

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Core

Head, Guokai Chen, Ph.D............................................. 10 5N214 594–4717 1754

Transgenic Core

Head, Chengyu Liu, Ph.D. ............................................ 50 3305 435–5034 8018

Genetics and Development Biology Center

Director, Alan M. Michelson, M.D., Ph.D.......................... 10 7N258 451–8041 1654

Electron Microscopy Core

Head, Mathew Daniels, Ph.D. ....................................... 14E 111B 496–2898 5570

Pathology Core

Acting Head, Zu-Xi Yu, Ph.D....................................... 10 6D19 496–5035 1590

Genomics Core

Head, Nalini Raghavachari, Ph.D.................................. 10 8C103B 435–2304 1357

DNA Sequencing Core

Head, Jun Zhu, Ph.D. ................................................... 10 5N107 443–7927 1654

Immunology Center

Director, Warren Leonard, M.D. ........................................ 10 7B05 496–0098 1674

Systems Biology Center

Director, Keji Zhao, Ph.D. ................................................. 10 7B06A 496-2098 1674

Proteomics Core

Head, Marjan Gucek, Ph.D........................................... 10 8C103C 594-1060 1774
7

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Building 10 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 10, Room ____

10 Center Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

Building 50 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 50, Room ____

50 South Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

Building 14E Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 14E, Room ____

14 Service Road West MSC*____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

Rockledge I Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

One Rockledge Center, Room ____

6705 Rockledge Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20817–MSC**

Building 31 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 31, Room ____

31 Center Drive MSC*____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

Rockledge II Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Two Rockledge Center, Room ____

6701 Rockledge Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20817–MSC**

NIH Mailing Address Formats

NHLBI staff e-mail addresses can be found by using the NIH Directory and E-mail Forwarding Service 

located on the Internet at http://directory.nih.gov.

Please use the following formats for NIH mailing addresses:

* Retain the letters MSC before adding the mail stop code number.

**Replace the letters MSC with the mail stop code number.

9

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

2. Program Overview

The National Heart Institute (NHI) was established in 1948 through the National Heart Act with a 

mission to support research and research training 

related to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of 

cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Twenty-four years 

later—through section 413 of the National Heart, 

Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act (P.L. 92-423)—

Congress mandated the Institute to expand and coordinate its activities in an accelerated attack against 

heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases. The 

renamed National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

(NHLBI) expanded its scientific areas of interest and 

intensified its efforts related to research on diseases 

within its purview. Over the years, the Institute’s 

areas of interest have grown to encompass genetic, 

genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic research; 

systems biology; sleep disorders; and the Women’s 

Health Initiative (WHI).

The NHLBI provides global leadership for 

research, training, and education programs to prevent 

and treat heart, lung, and blood diseases and enhance 

the health of all individuals so that they can live 

longer and more fulfilling lives.

The NHLBI stimulates basic discoveries about the 

causes of disease, enables the translation of basic discoveries into clinical practice, fosters training and 

mentoring of emerging scientists and physicians, and 

communicates research advances to the public. It 

creates and supports a robust, collaborative research 

infrastructure in partnership with private and public 

organizations, including academic institutions, industry, and other government agencies. The Institute 

collaborates with patients, families, health care professionals, scientists, professional societies, patient 

advocacy groups, community organizations, and the 

media to promote the application of research results 

and leverage resources to address the health needs of 

the public. The NHLBI also collaborates with international organizations to help reduce the burden of 

heart, lung, and blood diseases worldwide.

Each year, the NHLBI assesses progress in the scientific areas for which it is responsible and updates 

its goals and objectives. As new opportunities are 

identified, the Institute expands and revises its areas 

of interest. Throughout the process, the approach 

used by the Institute is an orderly sequence of 

research activities that includes:

• Acquisition of knowledge

• Evaluation of knowledge

• Application of knowledge

• Dissemination of knowledge

NHLBI Programs

The programs of the NHLBI, as shown in the following table, are implemented through four extramural units:

• Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (DCVS)

• Division of Lung Diseases (DLD)

• Division of Blood Diseases and Resources 

(DBDR)

• Division for the Application of Research Discoveries (DARD)

and one intramural unit:

• Division of Intramural Research (DIR)

The extramural divisions use a variety of funding 

mechanisms, such as individual research project grants, 

cooperative agreements, program project grants, 

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grants, 

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grants, 

comprehensive center grants, contracts, and research 

training and career development grants.

In fiscal year (FY) 2010, the DCVS was created 

by combining two previously existing divisions—the 

Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Division 

of Prevention and Population Sciences—so that the 

administrative structure would better match the 

dynamic interaction that exists among basic, clinical, 

and population sciences. Because the areas 

addressed by the two previous divisions are closely 

linked, the Institute believed that merging the two 
10

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Cardiovascular Diseases

Advanced Technologies and Surgery

Diagnostics Development

Emerging Therapeutics

Enabling Technologies

Surgical Advances

Atherothrombosis and Coronary 

Artery Disease

Acute and Chronic Coronary

Syndromes

Acute and Silent Ischemia

Angina

Cardiometabolic Syndrome

Coronary Artery Disease

Diabetes

Inflammation and Atherothrombosis

Myocardial Infarction

Nutrition

Obesity

Revascularization

Stroke

Clinical Applications and Prevention

Behavioral Medicine

Prevention of Cardiovascular

Disorders

Obesity Health Outcomes

Epidemiology

Analytical Resources

Field Studies and Clinical

Epidemiology

Genetic Epidemiology

Heart Development and Structural 

Disease

Adult Congenital Disease

Cardiac Immunology and Infection

Cardiovascular Development

Heart Transplantation

Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease

Valvular Heart Disease

Heart Failure and Arrhythmias 

Arrhythmias

Atrial Fibrillation

Heart Failure

Myocardial Protection From

Ischemic Insult

Resuscitation Sciences

Vascular Biology and Hypertension

Aneurysms

Cerebrovascular Disease

Hypertension

Lymphatic Diseases

Cardiovascular Diseases 

(continued)

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Renal Vascular Disease

Vascular Biology

Vascular Development and 

Angiogenesis

Venous Disease

Women’s Health Initiative

Hormone Therapy Trial

Dietary Modification Trial

Calcium and Vitamin D Trial

Observational Study

Memory Study

Lung Diseases

Airway Biology and Disease

Asthma

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary

Disease (COPD) and

Environmental Lung Diseases

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Genetics, Genomics, and

Biotechnology

Lung Biology and Disease

Acquired Immunodeficiency

Syndrome (AIDS) and

Tuberculosis (TB)

Critical Care and Acute Lung 

Injury

Developmental Biology and 

Pediatric Lung Disease

Immunology and Fibrosis

Lung Vascular Biology

National Center on Sleep Disorders 

Research

Neurobiology and Sleep

Sleep Disorders Medicine

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood Diseases

Anemias

Erythropoiesis

Malaria

Red Cells

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)

Thalassemia

Thrombosis and Hemostasis

Hematologic Immune Disorders

Hemophilia and Other Bleeding 

Disorders

Blood Diseases and Resources 

(continued)

Hemostasis

Immunity and Inflammation

Thrombosis

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular 

Therapeutics

Hematopoietic Stem Cell 

Transplantation

Immune Deficiencies, Reconstitution, 

Response, and Tolerance

Myelodysplasia, Marrow Failure,

and Myeloproliferative Disorders

Novel Cellular Therapies for Repair 

and Regeneration

Stem Cell Biology

Transfusion Medicine Use, Safety, and

Availability of Blood and Blood

 Components

Application of Research 

Discoveries

Research Translation Branch

Knowledge Exchange Networks

National Partnership Programs for

Heart, Lung, and Blood Topics 

Systematic Evidence Reviews and

Clinical Guidelines for Heart,

 Lung, and Blood Topics

Enhanced Dissemination and 

Utilization Branch

Childhood Obesity Prevention

Community Health Promotion

Health Disparities Reduction

Intramural Research

Clinical Research

Cardiothoracic Surgery

Hematology

Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine

Sickle Cell Disease

Laboratory Research

Biochemistry and Biophysics

Cell Biology and Physiology

Genetics and Development Biology

Immunology

Molecular Medicine

Systems Biology

Programs Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 
11

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Divisions would stimulate the collaborative efforts that 

are needed to advance cardiovascular research.

Descriptions of the Divisions follow.

Division of Cardiovascular Sciences

The DCVS supports basic, clinical, population, and 

health services research on the causes, prevention, and 

treatment of CVD and technology development for its 

diagnosis and treatment. The Division fosters research in 

atherothrombosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial 

infarction and ischemia, heart failure, arrhythmia, sudden 

cardiac death, adult and pediatric congenital heart 

disease, high blood pressure, stroke, cardiovascular 

complications of diabetes and obesity, and other cardiovascular disorders. A Specialized Center of Clinically 

Oriented Research (SCCOR) supports clinical collaborative research in vascular injury, repair, and remodeling; 

and a Centers Program supports cardiac translational 

research associated with preventing and treating heart 

failure and arrhythmias.

The Division’s research portfolio includes a number of 

well-known epidemiological cohort studies that describe 

disease and risk factor patterns in populations; clinical 

trials of interventions to prevent disease and to reduce or 

eliminate risk factors; studies of the influence of genetic, 

behavioral, sociocultural, environmental, and health systems factors on disease risk and outcomes; and studies of 

the application of prevention and treatment strategies to 

determine ways to improve clinical care and public 

health. The Division also supports research training and 

career development in these areas.

In addition to the Office of the Director, the Division 

is organized into three Programs, eight Branches, and 

three Offices, which are described below.

Basic and Early Translational Research 

Program

The Basic and Early Translational Research Program 

supports research and research training and career development in vascular biology and hypertension, cardiovascular surgery, and development of advanced technologies 

to diagnose and treat CVD. The portfolio includes an 

integrated basic and clinical research program to study 

the biological basis for vascular diseases and hypertension and their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. 

Research on cardiovascular surgery includes both basic 

and preclinical research on surgical approaches and clinical trials to establish evidence-based surgical therapies. 

The development of diagnostics encompasses research 

on biosensors, imaging technologies, and the application 

of “omic” methodologies. Therapeutic development 

includes drug and nucleic acid delivery technologies, 

regenerative and reparative medicine, gene therapy, and 

device development.

The Program is divided into the two branches 

described below. 

Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch

The Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch supports integrated basic, translational, and clinical research 

to develop technologies to diagnose and treat CVD. 

Research on diagnostics focuses on proteomic, genomic, 

and other biomarker technologies and on imaging modalities and agents. Therapeutics research focuses on 

tissue-, cell-, and gene-based therapies; regenerative and 

reparative medicine; image-guided therapies; and cardiac 

and circulatory support and repair devices. Research 

related to surgery addresses improved surgical and 

image-guided therapies and translation of cardiovascular 

surgical advances into clinical practice. Enabling technologies research includes bioinformatics, computational 

and systems biology, bioengineering, nanotechnology, 

materials research, and personalized medicine.

Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch

The Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch supports integrated basic, translational, and clinical research 

on the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and 

treatment of vascular diseases and hypertension. 

Vascular biology focuses on angiogenesis; development 

and repair of arteries, veins, lymphatics, and microcirculation; and biology of the endothelium and other vascular 

wall components. Vascular disease research focuses on 

diseases affecting peripheral (non-coronary) arteries, 

including the aorta and cerebral, renal, and limb vessels; 

veins; and lymphatics. Hypertension research focuses 

on the study of blood pressure regulation—including 

central, renal, and vascular control—and end organ damage resulting from high blood pressure.

Adult and Pediatric Cardiac Research Program

The Adult and Pediatric Cardiac Research Program 

supports and provides leadership for basic, translational, 

and clinical research on development, maturation, and 
12

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

functioning of the heart throughout all stages of life. 

Areas of research include cardiac development and maturation, myocyte structure and function, myocardial energetics and metabolism, cardiac electrophysiology, 

coronary artery structure and function, the failing heart, 

valvular heart disease, exercise physiology, nutrition and 

the heart, congenital heart disease from birth through 

adulthood, intrauterine environment and cardiovascular 

risk, cardiomyopathy, atherothrombosis, and coronary 

artery disease. A major function of the Program is to 

provide collaborative leadership for systematic oversight 

of clinical research across the Division, including clinical 

research information technology and standard but flexible operating procedures.

The Program is organized into the three branches 

described below.

Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease 

Branch

The Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease 

Branch conducts and manages an integrated basic and 

clinical research program to study the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of coronary 

artery disease and atherothrombosis. Research on coronary artery disease focuses on acute and chronic coronary syndromes, including myocardial infarction; acute 

ischemia, angina, and silent ischemia; and percutaneous 

and surgical revascularization of stenotic and restenotic 

coronary lesions. Atherothrombosis research investigates 

atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries and other 

arterial beds; lipid fractions and interactions with the 

arterial wall; lesion instability, vulnerable plaques, and 

thrombosis; and biomarker and imaging diagnostics to 

quantify plaque and atherosclerosis progression. 

Atherothrombosis research also includes studies of diet, 

exercise, diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic conditions related to atherothrombosis.

Heart Development and Structural Diseases Branch

The Heart Development and Structural Diseases 

Branch supports integrated basic and clinical research on 

normal and abnormal cardiovascular development and 

the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and 

treatment of pediatric and adult structural heart disease. 

Research areas in heart development include normal and 

abnormal development, molecular and genetic etiology 

of cardiovascular malformations, cardiomyogenic 

differentiation of stem cells, and gene–environment 

interactions in the development of congenital heart disease. Structural disease research includes investigation 

of congenital heart disease, from embryology through 

adulthood, and associated exercise physiology and 

neurodevelopmental outcomes; valve disease; pediatric 

cardiomyopathy and heart transplantation; and pediatric 

cardiac inflammation and infection.

Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch 

The Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch supports 

integrated basic and clinical research on normal and 

abnormal cardiac function to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of heart failure and arrhythmias 

and to protect the myocardium and manage resuscitation. 

Heart failure research addresses pathogenesis and treatment of heart failure and cardiomyopathies, including 

use of devices, medical treatments, and cell-based therapies. Arrhythmias research investigates the etiology of 

rare and common arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, 

and arrhythmogenesis and explores genetic and environmental bases of normal cardiac electrical activity. 

Myocardium protection research focuses on stunning and 

hibernation, ischemic/reperfusion injury, and preconditioning. Resuscitation research includes the study of 

whole-body oxygen deprivation; organ preservation; and 

cell, tissue, and organ protection during cardiac arrest 

and traumatic shock.

Prevention and Population Sciences Program 

The Prevention and Population Sciences Program 

supports and provides leadership for population- and 

clinic-based research and research training related to the 

causes, prevention, and clinical care of cardiovascular, 

lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders. Areas of 

research include epidemiological studies to describe disease and risk factor patterns in populations and identify 

risk factors for disease; clinical trials of interventions to 

prevent disease; genetic, behavioral, sociocultural, and 

environmental influences on disease risk and outcomes; 

and application of prevention and treatment strategies to 

determine ways to improve clinical care and public 

health.

The Program is organized into the three branches and 

three offices described below.

Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch

The Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch supports, designs, and conducts research on behavioral, 
13

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

environmental, clinical, and health care approaches to 

reduce the occurrence and consequences of CVD. 

Prevention research examines the effectiveness of interventions to slow or halt risk factor or disease development or progression. Interventions—many of which 

focus on high-risk individuals and populations—

include medications, behavioral strategies, and environmental change. Studies to examine lifestyle, nutrition 

and exercise, psychological and sociocultural factors, and 

environmental and genetic influences are relevant to prevention and are supported. Clinical application research 

examines approaches to improve health care delivery and 

patient outcomes in clinical and community trials and 

observational studies.

Epidemiology Branch

The Epidemiology Branch supports, designs, and conducts research on the epidemiology of cardiovascular, 

lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders. Studies are 

conducted to identify temporal trends and population patterns in the prevalence, incidence, morbidity, and mortality from the diseases and include single- and multicenter 

observational epidemiologic studies of development, 

progression, and treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders. Areas of emphasis 

include environmental, lifestyle, physiological, and 

genetic risk factors for disease and risk factor development including characterization of gene–gene and gene–

environment interactions. Large cohorts of minority 

participants, such as Hispanics and blacks, have been 

assembled to explore health disparities in minorities. The 

Branch also distributes data from eligible NHLBI studies to 

researchers through a process that adheres to guidelines for 

protection of participant privacy and confidentiality. 

Women’s Health Initiative Branch

The Women’s Health Initiative Branch—in collaboration with the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the 

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and 

Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute on Aging 

(NIA), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders 

and Stroke (NINDS), and the Office of Research on 

Women’s Health (ORWH)—supports clinical trials and 

observational studies to improve understanding of the 

causes and prevention of major diseases affecting the 

health of women. Studies focus on CVD, cancer, and 

fractures. Large multicenter observational studies seek 

to identify risk markers for disease or to better quantify 

known markers using questionnaires, clinical 

examinations, and laboratory data. The large and longterm multicenter clinical trials tested promising but 

unproven interventions—such as hormone therapy, diet, 

and supplements—to prevent major diseases and evaluate 

overall effects on health. Currently, the program is determining the long-term effects of prior hormone therapy on 

the cohort that participated in the clinical trials of hormone therapy. The Branch has established an infrastructure to support use of data and blood samples from the 

studies by the scientific community.

The Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study 

(WHIMS), an ancillary study to the WHI, was designed 

to test whether hormone therapy prevents the development and progression of dementia symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Office of Biostatistics Research 

The Office of Biostatistics Research (OBR) provides 

statistical expertise to the Institute and performs diverse 

functions in planning, designing, implementing, and 

analyzing NHLBI-sponsored studies. Its primary responsibility is to give objective, statistically sound, and 

medically relevant solutions to problems. The OBR is 

expected to develop a new and valid statistical solution 

when presented with a problem for which techniques are 

unavailable. Its methodological interests concern survival analysis; longitudinal data analysis; and efficient 

study designs, including the monitoring of ongoing 

clinical studies for efficacy and safety. The OBR has 

recently made contributions to statistical genetics and 

has extended its expertise to bioinformatics.

Office of Research Training and Career Development 

The Office of Research Training and Career 

Development supports training and career development 

programs in cardiovascular research for individuals at all 

educational levels, from high school students to faculty. 

It collaborates with the scientific community and professional organizations to ensure that its programs meet the 

needs of young scientists from diverse backgrounds. 

Activities include institutional and individual research 

training programs and fellowships; diversity supplements 

to provide mentored experiences with established 

research scientists; the Pathway to Independence 

Program, which allows recipients to bridge the gap 

between a career development award and a research 

award; and career development programs designed for 

clinical research.
14

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Office of Special Projects 

The Office of Special Projects represents the DCVS 

on NHLBI and NIH policy committees; oversees and 

works with Division leadership on selected activities of 

the DCVS clinical studies portfolio; fosters communication within DCVS by developing and coordinating 

Division-wide and Institute-wide interest groups on various 

topics; develops and implements specific cross-cutting 

projects; and offers expert consultation as needed for 

large-scale projects or initiative development. 

Division of Lung Diseases

The DLD supports research on the causes, diagnosis, 

treatment, and prevention of lung diseases and sleep disorders. Research is funded through investigator- and 

Institute-initiated grants and contracts in such disease 

areas as asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, COPD, 

CF, sleep-disordered breathing, critical care and acute 

lung injury, developmental biology and pediatric pulmonary diseases, immunologic and fibrotic pulmonary disease, rare lung disorders, pulmonary vascular disease, 

and pulmonary complications of AIDS and tuberculosis. 

SCCORs support collaborative studies in COPD and 

pulmonary vascular disease; and a Centers Program 

supports research on advanced diagnostics and experimental therapeutics in lung diseases.

The Division also supports demonstration and dissemination projects to transfer basic research and clinical 

findings to health care professionals and patients, and 

training and career development programs for individuals 

interested in furthering their professional abilities in lung 

disease research. The DLD, through the National Center 

on Sleep Disorders Research, coordinates sleep research 

activities across the NIH, other Federal Agencies, and 

outside organizations.

The Division is organized into the three Branches 

described below.

Airway Biology and Disease Branch

The Airway Biology and Disease Branch supports 

basic and clinical research and research training in 

asthma, COPD, CF, and airway function in health and 

disease. The Branch supports innovative genetics, 

genomics, and biotechnology programs to advance discovery of lung disease risk factors, mechanisms, and 

treatment. It also funds applied studies to develop new 

methods of lung imaging. Health education research and 

demonstration and education projects for management of 

asthma and COPD are additional areas of focus.

Asthma research investigates the origins, pathogenesis, and management of asthma, including the role of 

immunologic and nonimmunologic events and inflammation in its pathogenesis; genetics of asthma and atopy; 

airway remodeling and repair in asthma; mechanisms of 

severe asthma; and regulation of mucous hypersecretion 

and mucous cell metaplasia.

Research on COPD and other diseases of the lung 

related to smoking or environmental exposures explores 

pathogenetic mechanisms involved in development and 

progression of COPD, emphysema, and lung disease 

associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; genetic 

determinants of lung disease; treatment of COPD; and 

health effects of air pollution.

Research on CF focuses on function of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator and its role in lung 

disease. Areas of interest include airway epithelial ion 

transport, airway surface liquids, animal and cellular 

models for CF, signaling pathways in airway cells, regulation of mucin expression and secretion, development 

and clinical testing of treatments, and mechanisms 

underlying infectious and inflammatory aspects of CF 

lung disease.

Lung Biology and Disease Branch

The Lung Biology and Disease Branch supports basic, 

translational, and clinical research and research training 

programs in pulmonary conditions associated with 

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, tuberculosis, acute lung injury and critical care medicine, lung 

development and pediatric lung diseases, lung immunobiology and interstitial lung diseases, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and lung cell and vascular biology.

AIDS and tuberculosis research focuses on pathogenesis and course of pulmonary manifestations of HIV 

infection and tuberculosis and host lung defenses against 

them and HIV-associated opportunistic infections. 

Emphasis is on identifying and understanding the pathogenesis of lung complications associated with HIV 

infection and characterizing lung microbiome in HIVinfected and HIV-uninfected individuals.

Research on acute lung injury and critical care medicine explores the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention 
15

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The Branch supports development of new 

diagnostic tools for detection of acute lung injury and 

development of an artificial lung and oversees clinical 

studies of therapies for ARDS, including the ARDS 

Network.

Research in developmental biology and pediatric pulmonary diseases investigates regulation of lung development, growth, and repair; lung surfactant system; and 

pediatric pulmonary diseases in infants and children, 

including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital and 

acquired upper airway abnormalities, and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Research also 

focuses on identifying and determining the cell fate of 

lung progenitor stem cells, understanding lung regeneration, and exploring cell-based therapy for lung injury 

and disease.

Research on immunology and fibrosis includes studies of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, occupational and environmental lung diseases, and the role of 

immune response and inflammation in these diseases. 

The Branch also supports research on lung immunobiology, lung transplantation, and pathogenesis of 

lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Research on lung vascular biology investigates vascular cell biology and function and pulmonary vascular 

disease, including pulmonary arterial hypertension and 

pulmonary embolism diagnosis. Research focuses on 

biology and function of pulmonary vascular endothelial 

cells, regulation of barrier function and lung permeability, and right heart function in health and disease.

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

The National Center on Sleep Disorders Research 

(NCSDR) supports research, health education, and 

research training related to sleep-disordered breathing 

and the fundamental function of sleep and circadian 

rhythms. Specific areas of interest include neurobiology 

of ventilatory control, respiratory rhythmogenesis, chemosensitivity, basic neurobiology of sleep–wake regulation, circadian-coupled cellular function, and effects of 

sleep deprivation. The NCSDR also stewards several 

forums, including the Sleep Disorders Research Advisory 

Board and the Trans-NIH Sleep Research Coordinating 

Committee, which facilitate the coordination of sleep 

research across the NIH and with other Federal Agencies 

and outside organizations. The Center participates in 

translation of new sleep research findings for dissemination to health care professionals and the public.

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

The DBDR supports research and research training on 

the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nonmalignant blood diseases, including anemias, SCD, and 

thalassemia; premalignant processes, such as myelodysplasia and myeloproliferative disorders; hemophilia and 

other abnormalities of hemostasis and thrombosis; and 

immune dysfunction.

The Division also supports research in transfusion 

medicine and blood banking, stem cell biology and disease, hematopoiesis, clinical cellular medicine, and blood 

supply adequacy and safety. It provides biospecimens 

and cellular resources to the scientific community.

The Division is organized into the three Branches 

described below.

Blood Diseases Branch

The Blood Diseases Branch supports research and 

research training in blood diseases, including SCD, thalassemia, Fanconi anemia, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, 

and other aplastic anemias and malaria. Additionally, it 

supports outcomes-related research. Research in SCD 

and thalassemia focuses on elucidating the etiology and 

pathophysiology of the diseases and improving disease 

treatment and management. Areas of emphasis include 

genetics, regulation of hemoglobin synthesis, iron chelation, development of drugs to increase fetal hemoglobin 

production, hematopoietic transplantation, and gene therapy. Basic and translational red cell research are also 

areas of interest.

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch

The Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch supports 

research and research training in hemostasis, 

thrombosis, and endothelial cell biology, including basic 

research, clinical studies, and technology development. 

Areas of interest include hemophilia; von Willebrand disease; and such immune disorders as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 

and systemic lupus erythematosus. Research on bleeding disorders focuses on identifying effective treatments. 

Emerging areas of interest are gene transfer; clinical proteomics; glycomics; inflammation related to vascular injury 

from trauma and sepsis; thrombosis; stroke; coagulation 
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

activation; autoimmune disease; and thrombotic complications of obesity, diabetes, and cancer.

The Branch also supports research on the pathogenesis 

of arterial and venous thrombosis to improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of thrombosis in heart 

attack, stroke, and peripheral vascular diseases. A major 

goal is to find additional platelet inhibitors, anticoagulants, and fibrinolytic agents to treat thrombotic and 

thromboembolic disorders with better specificity and 

fewer side effects than those currently used for treatment.

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics 

Branch

The Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics 

Branch supports research and research training in transfusion medicine, stem cell biology and disease, hematopoiesis, clinical cellular medicine, and blood supply 

adequacy and safety. Research focuses on the use, 

safety, and availability of blood and blood components 

for transfusion and cellular therapies. Research areas 

include transmission of disease, noninfectious complications of transfusions, immunobiology, cell biology and 

disease, novel cell-based therapies, hematopoietic stem 

cell transplantation, and overall product availability. The 

Branch develops programs for basic and clinical research 

related to normal and abnormal cellular biology and 

pathology. It also collaborates with governmental, private sector, and international organizations to improve 

the safety and availability of the global supply of blood 

and blood components. The Branch also supports major 

NHLBI resource programs that provide cellular therapeutic products and biospecimens to the NHLBI scientific community.

Division of Intramural Research

The DIR conducts laboratory and clinical research in 

heart, vascular, lung, blood, and kidney diseases and 

develops technology related to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. It also maintains communication with 

other Institute programs to facilitate early practical 

application of basic research findings. Areas of interest 

include the biologic basis of arteriosclerosis and its 

manifestations; pathophysiology of hypertensive vascular disease; functions of the lung; clinical and experimental studies on physiologic and pharmacologic 

aspects of heart, lung, and blood diseases; and a broad 

program of other basic research and technical developments related to them.

The DIR is organized into the six Centers and two 

Branches described below.

Biochemistry and Biophysics Center

The Biochemistry and Biophysics Center develops a 

global view of the molecular basis of structure–function 

relationships of proteins and biologically relevant molecules. It performs state-of-the-art nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of protein structure and 

functional interactions, develops mathematical tools for 

generating theoretical models of protein structure–function relationships, elucidates the mechanisms of enzyme 

function, and investigates the relationship between protein structure–function and cell signaling pathways.

Cell Biology and Physiology Center

The Cell Biology and Physiology Center develops a 

global view of the mechanisms that regulate cellular 

function and physiology. It evaluates the mechanisms 

that control different molecular machines within the cytosol, including those involved in muscle contraction and 

cytosolic and membrane transport processes. The Center 

studies cellular signaling events associated with hormone 

action, cytosolic trafficking, and energy metabolism; 

investigates the role of cellular processes on function and 

adaptation in whole-animal model systems; and develops 

unique measuring devices for studying biochemical and 

physiological processes in intact cells, whole animals, 

and clinical situations.

Center for Molecular Medicine

The Center for Molecular Medicine conducts biomedical research directed at defining the fundamental molecular mechanism underlying human disease; develops a 

range of animal- and cell-based models of human diseases, including development of patient-specific induced 

pluripotent stem cells to test novel hypotheses and 

develop novel therapeutics; and implements mechanismguided clinical studies designed to test proof-of-principle 

therapeutic approaches or to provide fundamental insight 

regarding disease mechanisms.

Genetics and Development Biology Center

The Genetics and Development Biology Center develops a global view of mechanisms that regulate cardiovascular development and the etiology of congenital heart 

anomalies and CVD. It evaluates the function of specific 

genes and transcription factors in the development of 

the heart and other tissues, develops techniques and 
17

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

approaches for gene delivery and gene therapy in model 

systems, and works toward a better understanding of 

basic processes involved in regulating and interpreting 

the genetic code in development and disease.

Immunology Center

The Immunology Center develops a global view of the 

molecular basis of immune processes. It studies intracellular and signaling processes involved in activation of 

lymphocytes and mast cells, investigates mechanisms by 

which drugs and other agents result in allergic-autoimmune reactions, and relates the results to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in 

humans.

Systems Biology Center

The Systems Biology Center investigates physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms by integrating 

biological, chemical, and physical information from 

diverse sources. It develops advanced methodologies for 

large-scale data acquisition in biological systems. It also 

develops computational tools needed for interpreting 

studies using large-scale data acquisition techniques and 

mathematical modeling approaches to discover emergent 

properties of biological systems that are not explainable 

solely from knowledge of the properties of the parts.

Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch

The Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch conducts 

research on diseases that affect the heart, blood, blood 

vessels, and lungs. Specific projects seek to answer clinically relevant issues using methods ranging from a 

molecular level to clinical projects in diagnostics, therapeutics, and interventions. The Branch emphasizes the 

creation of an environment in which scientists and physician scientists collaborate on disease-specific issues 

using the most appropriate approaches in the spectrum 

between the bench and the bedside.

Hematology Branch

The Hematology Branch conducts basic and clinical 

research on normal and abnormal hematopoiesis. Areas 

of interest include bone marrow failure, viral infections 

of hematopoietic cells, gene therapy of hematologic and 

malignant diseases, bone marrow transplantation, and 

mechanisms of immunologically mediated syndromes, 

such as graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune 

diseases.

Division for the Application of Research 

Discoveries

The DARD supports efforts to advance the application 

of scientific discoveries for preventing, detecting, and 

treating cardiovascular, lung, blood, and sleep diseases 

and conditions to improve the health of all Americans. 

It focuses on translating scientific evidence into clinical 

guidelines for physicians to implement in their practice 

and into community health promotion or education 

programs for communities to disseminate to the public. 

The Division uses several channels of communications, 

including communities of practice, knowledge networks, 

social media, Web sites, conferences, and symposia. 

DARD programs reach out to people in high-risk, lowincome communities to improve health and reduce health 

disparities. DARD activities promote communication 

and collaboration among researchers, clinical and public 

health practitioners, patients, and the general public and 

focus on identifying gaps in knowledge that can be 

addressed by future research.

The Division is organized into the two Branches 

described below.

Research Translation Branch

The Research Translation Branch interprets research 

findings into effective approaches for practice. The 

Branch synthesizes and organizes evidence around priority diseases or conditions and leads the effort to develop 

both evidence-based systematic literature reviews and 

guidelines for clinical practice. The Branch also develops clinical decision support systems and other innovative applications for use in clinical and public health 

practice settings, and it facilitates knowledge exchange 

opportunities for researchers and practitioners around 

issues of research applicability and relevance to practice. 

Branch activities also identify knowledge gaps to inform 

future research.

Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Branch

The Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Branch 

collects, synthesizes, and communicates evidence-based 

findings on the determinants of population health to 

maintain and improve the health of diverse populations 

and reduce health disparities in underserved groups. 

The Branch translates research into effective community 

health promotion programs, establishes effective partnerships to improve health and reduce health disparities, 
18

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

and builds communication among organizations and 

communities to ensure their personal involvement in 

improving community health. Results are achieved by 

providing technical assistance and information resources 

to diverse audiences, including high-risk and underserved 

groups in a variety of community practice settings. The 

Branch identifies appropriate health outcomes for assessing successful implementation and conducts evaluation 

activities to ensure continuous improvement and inform 

program planning.
19

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

June 16, 1948. President Harry S. Truman signs 

the National Heart Act, creating the NHI in the 

Public Health Service (PHS), with the National 

Advisory Heart Council as its advisory body.

July 7, 1948. Dr. Paul Dudley White is selected 

to be “Executive Director of the National Advisory 

Heart Council and Chief Medical Advisor to the 

National Heart Institute” under section 4b of the 

National Heart Act.

August 1, 1948. The NHI is established as an 

institute of the NIH by Surgeon General Leonard 

A. Scheele. As legislated in the National Heart Act, 

the NHI assumes responsibility for heart research, 

training, and administration. Intramural research 

projects in CVD and gerontology conducted elsewhere in the NIH are transferred to the NHI. The 

Director of the NHI assumes all leadership for the 

total PHS heart program. Dr. Cassius J. Van Slyke 

is appointed as the first Director of the NHI.

August 29, 1948. Surgeon General Scheele 

announces the membership of the first National 

Advisory Heart Council. Varying terms of membership for the 16-member Council commence 

September 1.

September 8, 1948. The National Advisory 

Heart Council holds its first meeting.

January 1949. Cooperative Research Units are 

established at four institutions: the University of 

California, the University of Minnesota, Tulane 

University, and Massachusetts General Hospital. 

Pending completion of the NHI’s own research 

organization and facilities, the Units are jointly 

financed by the NIH and the institutions.

July 1, 1949. The NHI Intramural Research 

Program is established and organized on three general research levels consisting of three laboratory 

sections, five laboratory–clinical sections, and four 

clinical sections. The Heart Disease Epidemiology 

Study at Framingham, Massachusetts, is transferred 

from the Bureau of State Services, PHS, to the NHI.

3. Important Events

January 18–20, 1950. The NHI and the 

American Heart Association jointly sponsor the 

first National Conference on Cardiovascular 

Diseases to summarize current knowledge and to 

make recommendations concerning further progress against heart and blood vessel diseases.

December 1, 1952. Dr. James Watt is appointed 

Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Van Slyke, who 

is appointed Associate Director of the NIH.

July 6, 1953. The Clinical Center admits its first 

patient for heart disease research.

July 1, 1957. The first members of the NHI 

Board of Scientific Counselors begin their terms. 

The Board was established in 1956 “to provide 

advice on matters of general policy, particularly 

from a long-range viewpoint, as they relate to the 

intramural research program.”

February 19, 1959. The American Heart 

Association and the NHI present a report to 

the Nation—A Decade of Progress Against 

Cardiovascular Disease.

April 21, 1961. The President’s Conference on 

Heart Disease and Cancer, whose participants on 

March 15 were requested by President John F. 

Kennedy to assist “in charting the Government’s 

further role in a national attack on these diseases,” 

convenes at the White House and submits its report.

September 11, 1961. Dr. Ralph E. Knutti is 

appointed Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Watt, 

who becomes head of international activities for the 

PHS.

December 30, 1963. February is designated as 

“American Heart Month” by a unanimous joint resolution of Congress with approval from President 

Lyndon B. Johnson.

November 22–24, 1964. The Second National 

Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases—cosponsored by the American Heart Association, the NHI, 

and the Heart Disease Control Program of the PHS—

is held to evaluate progress since the 1950 
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

Conference and to assess needs and goals for continued 

and accelerated growth against heart and blood vessel 

diseases.

December 9, 1964. The President’s Commission on 

Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke—appointed by 

President Johnson on March 7, 1964—submits its report 

to “recommend steps that can be taken to reduce the burden and incidence of these diseases.”

August 1, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart assumes the 

Directorship of the NHI upon Dr. Knutti’s retirement.

September 24, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart, NHI 

Director, is named Surgeon General of the PHS.

October 6, 1965. In FY 1966, Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 89–199) allocates funds to implement 

the recommendations of the President’s Commission on 

Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke that are within existing legislative authorities. The NHI is given $5.05 million for new clinical training programs, additional 

graduate training grants, cardiovascular clinical research 

centers on cerebrovascular disease and thrombotic and 

hemorrhagic disorders, and planning grants for future 

specialized cardiovascular centers.

March 8, 1966. Dr. Robert P. Grant succeeds 

Dr. Stewart as Director of the NHI. Dr. Grant serves 

until his death on August 15, 1966.

November 6, 1966. Dr. Donald S. Fredrickson is 

appointed Director of the NHI.

March 15, 1968. Dr. Theodore Cooper succeeds

Dr. Fredrickson as Director of the NHI, the latter electing 

to return to research activities with the Institute.

October 16, 1968. Dr. Marshall W. Nirenberg is 

awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 

discovering the key to deciphering the genetic code. 

Dr. Nirenberg, chief of the NHI Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, is the first Nobel Laureate at the NIH and 

the first Federal employee to receive a Nobel Prize.

October 26, 1968. The NHI receives the National 

Hemophilia Foundation’s Research and Scientific 

Achievement Award for its “medical leadership . . . , 

tremendous stimulation and support of research 

activities directly related to the study and treatment of 

hemophilia.”

November 14, 1968. The 20th anniversary of the NHI 

is commemorated at the White House under the auspices 

of President Johnson and other distinguished guests.

August 12, 1969. A major NHI reorganization plan 

creates five program branches along disease category 

lines in extramural programs (arteriosclerotic disease, 

cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, hypertension and 

kidney diseases, and thrombotic and hemorrhagic diseases); a Therapeutic Evaluations Branch and an 

Epidemiology Branch under the Associate Director for 

Clinical Applications; and three offices in the Office of 

the Director (heart information, program planning, and 

administrative management).

November 10, 1969. The NHI is redesignated by the 

Secretary, Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), as the 

National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), reflecting a 

broadening scope of its functions.

February 18, 1971. President Richard M. Nixon’s 

Health Message to Congress identifies sickle cell anemia 

as a high-priority disease and calls for increased Federal 

expenditures. The Assistant Secretary for Health and 

Scientific Affairs, HEW, is assigned lead-Agency responsibility for coordination of the National Sickle Cell 

Disease Program at the NIH and NHLI.

June 1971. The Task Force on Arteriosclerosis, convened by Dr. Cooper, presents its report. Volume I 

addresses general aspects of the problem and presents the 

major conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical 

language. Volume II contains technical information on 

the state of knowledge and conclusions and recommendations in each of the following areas: atherogenesis, 

presymptomatic atherosclerosis, overt atherosclerosis, 

and rehabilitation.

May 16, 1972. The National Sickle Cell Anemia 

Control Act (P.L. 92–294) provides for a national diagnosis, control, treatment, and research program. The Act 

does not mention the NHLI but has special pertinence 

because the Institute has been designated to coordinate 

the National Sickle Cell Disease Program.

June 12, 1972. Elliot Richardson, Secretary, HEW, 

approves a nationwide program for high blood pressure 

information and education and appoints two committees 

to implement the program: the Hypertension Information 

and Education Advisory Committee, chaired by the 

Director, NIH, and the Interagency Working Group, 

chaired by the Director, NHLI. A High Blood Pressure 
21

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

Information Center is established within the NHLI Office 

of Information to collect and disseminate public and 

professional information about the disease.

July 1972. The NHLI launches its National High 

Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP), a program of patient and professional education that has as 

its goal to reduce death and disability related to high 

blood pressure.

July 14, 1972. Secretary Richardson approves reorganization of the NHLI, with the Institute elevated to 

Bureau status within the NIH and comprising seven 

division-level components: Office of the Director, 

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases (DHVD), DLD, 

DBDR, DIR, Division of Technological Applications, 

and Division of Extramural Affairs (DEA). 

September 19, 1972. The National Heart, Blood 

Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act of 1972 (P.L. 92–423) 

expands the authority of the Institute to advance the 

national attack on the diseases within its mandate. The 

act calls for intensified and coordinated Institute activities to be planned by the Director and reviewed by the 

National Heart and Lung Advisory Council.

July 24, 1973. The first Five-Year Plan for the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program 

is transmitted to the President and to Congress.

December 17, 1973. The National Heart and Lung 

Advisory Council completes its First Annual Report on 

the National Program.

February 13, 1974. The Director of the NHLI forwards his First Annual Report on the National Program 

to the President for transmittal to Congress.

April 5, 1974. The Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HEW, authorizes release of the Report to the President 

by the President’s Advisory Panel on Heart Disease. 

The report of the 20-member panel, chaired by Dr. John 

S. Millis, includes a survey of the problem of heart and 

blood vessel disorders and panel recommendations to 

reduce illness and death from them.

August 2, 1974. The Secretary, HEW, approves regulations governing the establishment, support, and operation of National Research and Demonstration Centers 

for heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases, which 

implement section 415(b) of the PHS Act, as amended by 

the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act 

of 1972: (1) to carry out basic and clinical research on 

heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; (2) to 

provide demonstrations of advanced methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment; and (3) to supply a training source for scientists and physicians concerned with 

the diseases.

September 16, 1975. Dr. Robert I. Levy is appointed 

Director of the NHLI, succeeding Dr. Theodore Cooper, 

who was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary for 

Health, HEW, on April 19, 1974.

June 25, 1976. Legislation amending the PHS Act 

(P.L. 94–278) changes the name of the NHLI to the 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and 

provides for an expansion in blood-related activities 

within the Institute and throughout the National Heart, 

Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program. 

August 1, 1977. The Biomedical Research Extension 

Act of 1977 (P.L. 95–83) reauthorizes the programs of 

the NHLBI, with continued emphasis on both the 

national program and related prevention and dissemination activities.

February 1978. The NHLBI and the American Heart 

Association jointly celebrate their 30th anniversaries.

September 1979. The Task Force on Hypertension, 

established in September 1975 to assess the state of 

hypertension research, completes its in-depth survey and 

recommendations for improved prevention, treatment, 

and control in 14 major areas. The recommendations are 

intended to guide the NHLBI in its future efforts.

November 1979. The results of the Hypertension 

Detection and Follow-Up Program (HDFP), a major clinical trial started in 1971, provide evidence that tens of 

thousands of lives are being saved through treatment of 

mild hypertension and that perhaps thousands more could 

be saved annually if all people with mild hypertension 

were under treatment.

November 21, 1980. The Albert Lasker Special 

Public Health Award is presented to the NHLBI for its 

HDFP, “which stands alone among clinical studies in its 

profound potential benefit to millions of people.”

December 17, 1980. The Health Programs Extension 

Act of 1980 (P.L. 96–538) reauthorizes the NHLBI, with 

continued emphasis on both the national program and 

related prevention programs.
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

September 8, 1981. The Working Group on 

Arteriosclerosis—convened in 1978 to assess present 

understanding, highlight unresolved problems, and 

emphasize opportunities for future research in arteriosclerosis—completes its report. Volume I presents conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical language. 

Volume II provides an in-depth substantive basis for the 

conclusions and recommendations contained in Volume I.

October 2, 1981. The Beta-Blocker Heart Attack 

Trial (BHAT) demonstrates benefits to those in the trial 

who received the drug propranolol compared with the 

control group.

July 6, 1982. Dr. Claude Lenfant is appointed 

Director of the NHLBI. He succeeds Dr. Levy.

September 1982. The results of the Multiple Risk 

Factor Intervention Trial are released. They support 

measures to reduce cigarette smoking and to lower blood 

cholesterol to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) 

mortality but raise questions about optimal treatment of 

mild hypertension.

October 26, 1983. The Coronary Artery Surgery 

Study (CASS) results are released. They demonstrate 

that mildly symptomatic patients with coronary artery 

disease can safely defer coronary artery bypass surgery 

until symptoms worsen.

January 12, 1984. The results of the Lipid Research 

Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT) 

are released. They establish conclusively that reducing 

total blood cholesterol reduces the risk of CHD in men at 

increased risk because of elevated cholesterol levels. 

Each 1 percent decrease in cholesterol can be expected to 

reduce heart attack risk by 2 percent.

April–September 1984. The Tenth Report of the 

Director, NHLBI, commemorates the 10th anniversary of 

the passage of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, 

and Blood Act. The five-volume publication reviews 

10 years of research progress and presents a 5-year 

research plan for the national program.

April 1984. The Division of Epidemiology and 

Clinical Applications (DECA) is created. It provides the 

Institute with a single focus on clinical trials; prevention, 

demonstration, and education programs; behavioral medicine; nutrition; epidemiology; and biometry. It also provides new opportunities to examine the interrelationships 

of cardiovascular, respiratory, and blood diseases.

November 1984. An NHLBI–NIH Clinical Center 

inter-Agency agreement for studies on the transmission 

of HIV from humans to chimpanzees leads to the first 

definitive evidence that the transmission is by blood 

transfusion.

April 1985. Results of Phase I of the Thrombolysis 

in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial comparing 

streptokinase (SK) with recombinant tissue plasminogen 

activator (t-PA) are published. The new thrombolytic 

agent recombinant t-PA is approximately twice as effective as SK in opening thrombosed coronary arteries.

October 1985. The NHLBI Smoking Education 

Program is initiated to increase health care provider 

awareness about clinical opportunities for smoking cessation programs, techniques for use within health care 

settings, and resources for use within communities to 

expand and reinforce such efforts.

October 14, 1985. NHLBI-supported researchers 

Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein are awarded 

the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol 

metabolism.

November 1985. The NHLBI inaugurates the 

National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) to 

increase awareness among health professionals and the 

public that elevated blood cholesterol is a cause of CHD 

and that reducing elevated blood cholesterol levels will 

contribute to the reduction of CHD.

June 1986. Results of the Prophylactic Penicillin 

Trial demonstrate the efficacy of prophylactic penicillin 

therapy in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with pneumococcal infections in children with SCD.

September 18, 1986. The NHLBI sponsors events on 

the NIH campus in conjunction with the meeting of the 

X World Congress of Cardiology in Washington, DC. 

Activities include a special exhibit at the National 

Library of Medicine titled “American Contributions 

to Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery” and two 

symposia—“New Dimensions in Cardiovascular 

Disease Research” and “Cardiovascular Nursing and 

Nursing Research.”

December 17, 1986. The citizens of Framingham, 

Massachusetts, are presented a tribute by the Assistant 

Secretary, HHS, for their participation in the Framingham Heart Study over the past 40 years.
23

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

September 1987. The NHLBI commemorates the 

centennial of the NIH and the 40th anniversary of the 

Institute’s inception. Two publications prepared for the 

Institute’s anniversary—Forty Years of Achievement in 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Research and A Salute to the 

Past: A History of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute—document significant Institute contributions to 

research and summarize recollections about the 

Institute’s 40-year history.

October 1987. The National Blood Resource 

Education Program is established to ensure an adequate 

supply of safe blood and blood components to meet the 

Nation’s needs and to ensure that blood and blood 

components are transfused only when therapeutically 

appropriate.

April 1988. The NHLBI initiates its Minority 

Research Supplements program to provide supplemental 

funds to ongoing research grants for support of minority 

investigators added to research teams.

September 1988. AIDS research is added to the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases 

and Blood Resources Program. It is the first area of 

research to be added since the Program was established 

in 1973.

September 1988. The NHLBI funds the first of its 

new Programs of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 

designed to foster the study of the organization, modification, and expression of the genome in areas of importance to the Institute and to encourage investigators to 

become skilled in the experimental strategies and techniques of modern molecular biology. 

September 1988. The Strong Heart Study is initiated. 

It focuses on CVD morbidity and mortality rates and distribution of CVD risk factors in three geographically 

diverse American Indian groups. 

October 1988. The National Marrow Donor Program 

is transferred from the Department of the Navy to the 

NHLBI. The Program, which serves as a focal point for 

bone marrow research, includes a national registry of 

volunteers who have offered to donate marrow for transplant to patients not having suitably matched relatives.

March 1989. The NHLBI initiates a National Asthma 

Education Program to raise awareness of asthma as a 

serious chronic disease and to promote more effective 

management of asthma through patient and professional 

education. 

May 1989. The NHLBI Minority Access to Research 

Careers (MARC) Summer Research Training Program is 

initiated to provide an opportunity for MARC Honors 

Scholars to work with researchers in the NHLBI intramural laboratories.

September 14, 1990. The first human gene therapy 

protocol in history is undertaken at the NIH. A team of 

scientists—led by W. French Anderson, NHLBI, and R. 

Michael Blaese, NCI—insert a normal gene into a 

patient’s cells to compensate for a defective gene that left 

the patient’s cells unable to produce an enzyme essential 

to the functioning of the body’s immune system.

January 1991. The NHLBI Obesity Education 

Initiative (OEI) begins. Its objective is to make a concerted effort to educate the public and health professionals about obesity as an independent risk factor for

CVD and its relationship to other risk factors, such as 

high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol.

February 1991. The expert panel of the National 

Asthma Education Program releases its report, Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, to 

educate physicians and other health care providers in 

asthma management.

April 8–10, 1991. The First National Conference on 

Cholesterol and Blood Pressure Control is attended by 

more than 1,800 health professionals.

May 1991. The Task Force on Hypertension, established in November 1989 to assess the state of hypertension research and to develop a plan for future NHLBI 

funding, presents its conclusions. The report outlines a 

set of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive 

plan for support over the next several years.

June 11, 1991. The NHLBI initiates a National Heart 

Attack Alert Program (NHAAP) to reduce premature

morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction 

(AMI) and sudden death. The Program emphasizes rapid 

disease identification and treatment.

July 1991. Results of the Systolic Hypertension in the 

Elderly Program (SHEP) demonstrate that low-dose 

pharmacologic therapy of isolated systolic hypertension 

in those older than 60 years of age significantly reduces 

stroke and myocardial infarction.
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

August 1991. Results of the Studies of Left 

Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) are released. They 

demonstrate that use of the angiotensin-converting 

enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril causes a significant 

reduction in mortality and hospitalization for congestive 

heart failure in patients with symptomatic heart failure.

August 1991. The NHLBI sponsors “Physical 

Activity and Cardiovascular Health: Special Emphasis on 

Women and Youth,” the first national workshop to assess 

the current knowledge in the field and to develop scientific priorities and plans for support. Recommendations 

from the Working Groups are published in the supplemental issue of Medicine and Science in Sports and 

Exercise.

March 1992. The International Consensus Report on 

Diagnosis and Management of Asthma is released. It is 

to be used by asthma specialists and medical opinion 

leaders to provide a framework for discussion of asthma 

management pertinent to their respective countries.

March 1992. Results of the Trials of Hypertension 

Prevention Phase I are published. They demonstrate that 

both weight loss and reduction of dietary salt reduce 

blood pressure in adults with high-normal diastolic blood 

pressure and may reduce the incidence of primary 

hypertension.

June 26–27, 1992. The Fourth National Minority 

Forum on Cardiovascular Health, Pulmonary Disorders, 

and Blood Resources is attended by nearly 600 

individuals.

October 11–13, 1992. The First National Conference 

on Asthma Management is attended by more than 900 

individuals.

October 30, 1992. A celebration of the 20th anniversary of the NHBPEP is held in conjunction with the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee meeting. The Fifth 

Report of the Joint National Committee on the Detection, 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

(JNC V) and the NHBPEP Working Group Report on the 

Primary Prevention of Hypertension are released.

June 10, 1993. The NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 

(P.L. 103–43) establishes the NCSDR within the NHLBI.

June 15, 1993. The Second Report of the Expert 

Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High 

Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP II) is released to the 

public at a press conference held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting.

January 30, 1995. Results of the Multicenter Study 

of Hydroxyurea (MSH) are released through a clinical 

alert. They demonstrate that hydroxyurea reduced the 

number of painful episodes by 50 percent in severely 

affected adults with SCD. This is the first effective treatment for adult patients with this disorder.

September 1995. The NHLBI funds a new Program 

of Specialized Centers of Research in Hematopoietic 

Stem Cell Biology, which is designed to advance our 

knowledge of stem cell biology and enhance our ability 

to achieve successful stem cell therapy to cure genetic 

and acquired diseases.

September 21, 1995. Results of the Bypass 

Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation are released 

through a clinical alert. They demonstrate that patients 

on drug treatment for diabetes who had blockages in two 

or more coronary arteries and were treated with coronary 

artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery had, at 5 years, a 

death rate markedly lower than that of similar patients 

treated with angioplasty. The clinical alert recommends 

CABG over standard angioplasty for patients on drug 

therapy for diabetes who have multiple coronary blockages and are first-time candidates for either procedure.

November 5–6, 1995. The first Conference on 

Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Cardiovascular Health 

and Disease is held to determine future opportunities and 

needs for research on SES factors and their relationships 

with cardiovascular health and disease.

December 4–5, 1995. A celebration of the 10th anniversary of the NCEP is held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting. Results of the 

1995 Cholesterol Awareness Surveys of physicians and 

the public are released.

May 1996. The NHLBI announces results from the 

Framingham Heart Study that conclude earlier and more 

aggressive treatment of hypertension is vital to preventing congestive heart failure. The Treatment of Mild 

Hypertension Study (TOMHS) demonstrates that lifestyle changes—such as weight loss, a healthy eating 

plan, and physical activity—are crucial for reducing 

blood lipids in those treated for Stage I hypertension.

September 1996. Findings from the Asthma Clinical 

Research Network (ACRN) show that for people with 
25

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

asthma, taking an inhaled beta-agonist at regularly scheduled times is safe but provides no greater benefit than 

taking the medication only when asthma symptoms 

occur. The recommendation to physicians who treat 

patients with mild asthma is to prescribe inhaled betaagonists only on an as-needed basis.

November 13, 1996. The NHLBI releases findings 

from two studies, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial and Trial of Nonpharmacologic 

Intervention in the Elderly (TONE). The DASH Trial 

demonstrates that a diet low in fat and high in vegetables, 

fruits, fiber, and low-fat dairy products significantly and 

quickly lowers blood pressure. The TONE shows that 

weight loss and reduction of dietary sodium safely 

reduce the need for antihypertensive medication in older 

patients while keeping their blood pressure under 

control.

January 1997. Definitive results from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth 

(PDAY) program are published. They show that atherosclerosis develops before age 20 and that the following 

risk factors affect the progression of atherosclerosis 

equally in women and men, regardless of race: low highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high low-density 

lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and cigarette smoking.

February 24, 1997. The National Asthma Education 

and Prevention Program (NAEPP) releases the Expert 

Panel Report 2, Guidelines for the Diagnosis and 

Management of Asthma to the public at a press conference held in conjunction with a meeting of the American 

Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology in San 

Francisco.

May 8, 1997. Results of the Antiarrhythmic Versus 

Implantable Defibrillator (AVID) clinical trial are presented. They show that an implantable cardiac defibrillator reduces mortality compared to pharmacologic therapy 

in patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death.

September 1997. The Stroke Prevention Trial in 

Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) is terminated early because 

prophylactic transfusion resulted in a 90 percent relative 

decrease in the stroke rate among children 2 to 16 years 

old.

September 1997. The Institute’s National Sickle Cell 

Disease Program celebrates its 25th anniversary.

October 1997. The NHLBI commemorates the 50th 

anniversary of the Institute’s inception. A publication 

prepared for the Institute’s anniversary—Vital Signs: 

Discoveries in Diseases of the Heart, Lungs, and 

Blood—documents the remarkable research advances 

of the past 50 years.

October 1, 1997. The WHI, initiated in 1991, is transferred to the NHLBI.

November 6, 1997. The Sixth Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 

VI) is released at a press conference held in conjunction 

with the 25th anniversary meeting and celebration of the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee.

December 1997. Findings from the Trial To Reduce 

Alloimmunization to Platelets (TRAP) demonstrate that 

leucocyte reduction by filtration or ultraviolet B irradiation of platelets—both methods are equally effective—

decreases development of lymphocytotoxic antibodies 

and alloimmune platelet refractoriness.

February 1998. The Task Force on Behavioral 

Research in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Health and 

Disease—established in November 1995 to develop a 

plan for future NHLBI biobehavioral research in cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders—

presents its recommendations. The report outlines a set 

of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive plan 

for support over the next several years.

February 19–21, 1998. The NHLBI and cosponsors—California CVD Prevention Coalition; California 

Department of Health Services; CVD Outreach, 

Resources, and Epidemiology Program; and the 

University of California, San Francisco—hold 

Cardiovascular Health: Coming Together for the 21st 

Century, A National Conference, in San Francisco.

March 16, 1998. A special symposium is held at the 

annual meeting of the American Academy of Asthma, 

Allergy, and Immunology to celebrate 50 years of 

NHLBI-supported science.

June 17, 1998. The NHLBI, in cooperation with the 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney 

Diseases (NIDDK), releases Clinical Guidelines on the 

Identification, Treatment, and Evaluation of Overweight 

and Obesity in Adults: Evidence Report.
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

December 11, 1998. World Asthma Day is established on this date. The NAEPP launches the Asthma 

Management Model System, an innovative Web-based 

information management tool.

March 1999. The ARDS Network Study of Ventilator 

Management in ARDS is stopped early so that critical 

care specialists can be alerted to the results. The study 

demonstrated that approximately 25 percent fewer deaths 

occurred among intensive care patients with ARDS 

receiving small, rather than large, breaths of air from a 

mechanical ventilator. 

March 22, 1999. The NAEPP holds its 10th anniversary meeting and celebration to recognize a decade of 

progress and a continued commitment to the future.

August 1999. Results of the Early Revascularization 

for Cardiogenic Shock are released. They show 

improved survival at 6 months in patients treated with 

balloon angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery compared with patients who receive intensive medical care to 

stabilize their condition. 

September 27–29, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors the 

National Conference on Cardiovascular Disease 

Prevention: Meeting the Healthy People 2010 Objectives 

for Cardiovascular Health.

November 2, 1999. The NAEPP convenes a Workshop on Strengthening Asthma Coalitions: Thinking 

Globally, Acting Locally to gather information from 

coalition representatives on ways the NAEPP could 

support their efforts. 

November 2–3, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors a Workshop on Research Training and Career Development.

March 8, 2000. A part of the Antihypertensive and 

Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial 

(ALLHAT) is terminated early because one of the tested 

drugs, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, was found to be less 

effective than the more traditional diuretic in reducing 

some forms of CVD.

March 29, 2000. The NHLBI launches the Web-based 

Healthy People 2010 Gateway to provide information and 

resources on cardiovascular health, asthma, sleep, and 

minority populations.

April 25, 2000. The NHLBI sponsors a special expert 

meeting, Scientific Frontiers in Cardiothoracic Surgery, 

to discuss the future of cardiothoracic research. 

September 2000. NHLBI-supported investigators 

identify a gene for primary pulmonary hypertension.

October 2000. Results from the Childhood Asthma 

Management Program (CAMP) demonstrate that inhaled 

corticosteroids are safe and effective for long-term treatment of children with mild-to-moderate asthma.

January 2001. Results of the DASH-Sodium Trial 

are released. They show that dietary sodium reduction 

substantially lowers blood pressure in persons with high 

blood pressure; the greatest effect occurs when sodium 

reduction is combined with the DASH diet.

February 2001. The NHLBI launches a sleep education program for children, using star sleeper Garfield the 

Cat.

February 1, 2001. The NHLBI—along with the HHS 

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the 

Office of the Surgeon General, the Centers for Disease 

Control and Prevention (CDC), the NINDS, and the 

American Heart Association—signs a memorandum of 

understanding to focus and coordinate their efforts to 

meet the Healthy People 2010 objectives on cardiovascular health.

March 26–27, 2001. A strategy development workshop, “Women’s Heart Health: Developing a National 

Health Education Action Plan,” is held to develop an 

agenda for the NHLBI’s new heart health education 

effort directed at women.

April 2001. The NHLBI releases the international 

guidelines for diagnosis, management, and prevention of 

COPD.

April 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators identify 

genes that regulate human cholesterol levels.

May 2001. The NHLBI releases the NCEP’s Third 

Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and 

Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III).

June 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators find that 

human heart muscle cells regenerate after a heart attack.

July 2001. A self-contained artificial heart is 

implanted in a patient for the first time.

August 2001. Early results from the National 

Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) identify characteristics of patients at high risk for death following lung 

volume reduction surgery. 
27

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

August 2001. Scientists from the NHLBI SCOR program at Yale University identify two genes responsible 

for pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a rare Mendelian 

form of high blood pressure. These genes encode for 

protein kinases involved in a previously unknown pathway and may provide new targets for therapy.

September 10, 2001. The NHLBI, along with the 

American Heart Association and other partners, launches 

“Act in Time to Heart Attack Signs,” a national campaign 

to increase awareness of the signs of heart attack and the 

need for a fast response.

October 2001. NHLBI-supported scientists report 

that the drug, infliximab, increases risk of TB reactivation and dissemination. The drug is used to treat refractory rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease and is 

proposed as a treatment for several chronic lung diseases. 

November 2001. Results of the Randomized 

Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment 

of Chronic Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that using an 

implanted left ventricular assist device can prolong survival and improve quality of life in severely ill patients 

who are not candidates for heart transplantation.

December 2001. For the first time, scientists correct 

SCD in mice using gene therapy.

April 10, 2002. The World Hypertension League 

(WHL) and the NHLBI hold an international symposium; subsequently they prepare an action plan at the 

WHL Council Conference to control hypertension and 

obesity.

April 11–13, 2002. The NHLBI and cosponsors—the 

HHS Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the CDC, the American Heart Association, the 

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the 

Health Resources and Services Administration—hold a 

national conference, “Cardiovascular Health for All: 

Meeting the Challenge of Healthy People 2010.”

June 2002. The NAEPP issues an update of selected 

topics in the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. 

June 2002. The fourth edition of The Management 

of Sickle Cell Disease, which describes the current 

approach to counseling SCD patients and managing 

many of the medical complications of SCD, is issued to 

coincide with the 30th anniversary of the NHLBI 

National Sickle Cell Disease Program.

July 9, 2002. The NHLBI stops early the trial of the 

estrogen plus progestin component of the WHI due to 

increased breast cancer risk and lack of overall benefits. 

The multicenter trial also found increases in CHD, 

stroke, and pulmonary embolism in participants on estrogen plus progestin compared to women taking placebo 

pills.

August 2002. NHLBI-supported scientists identify a 

gene variant that is associated with arrhythmia in blacks.

December 4, 2002. Results of the Atrial Fibrillation 

Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management Trial 

(AFFIRM) indicate that rate control rather than rhythm 

control may be the preferred approach for patients with 

atrial fibrillation. The rate control strategy involves 

the use of less expensive drugs and results in fewer 

hospitalizations.

December 17, 2002. Results of the ALLHAT, the 

largest hypertension clinical trial ever conducted, show 

that less expensive traditional diuretics are at least as 

good as newer medicines (calcium channel blocker and 

ACE inhibitors) in treating high blood pressure and 

preventing some forms of heart disease.

January 23, 2002. An NHLBI-supported study demonstrates that magnetic resonance imaging can be used to 

detect heart attacks faster and more accurately than traditional methods in patients who arrive at the emergency 

room with chest pain.

February 24, 2002. The Prevention of Recurrent 

Venous Thromboembolism Trial is stopped early because 

treatment with low-dose warfarin to prevent recurrence 

of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism was 

so beneficial. 

April 2003. Results of the MSH Patients’ Follow-Up 

Study show that the adult patients who took hydroxyurea 

over a 9-year period experienced a 40 percent reduction 

in deaths. Survival was related to fetal hemoglobin 

levels and frequency of vaso-occlusive events. 

April 23, 2003. Results of the PREMIER trial of 

behavioral lifestyle interventions for blood pressure control show that individuals with prehypertension or stage I 

hypertension can lower their blood pressure by making 

multiple lifestyle changes. 

May 14, 2003. The Seventh Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, 
28

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure 

(JNC VII) is released. 

May 22, 2003. The NETT finds that lung volume 

reduction surgery benefits emphysema patients with certain clinical characteristics. The findings will be useful 

in the determination of Medicare coverage policy. 

July 2003. The NHLBI and Gen-Probe Corporation 

succeed in developing a test to screen donated blood for 

the West Nile Virus. 

August 2003. The NHLBI establishes a partnership 

with the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) 

to advance research on cardiovascular, respiratory, and 

blood diseases. 

November 2003. The Public Access Defibrillation 

Trial demonstrates that use of an automated external defibrillator and CPR by trained community volunteers can 

increase survival for victims of sudden cardiac arrest. 

March 2004. The NIH stops the estrogen-alone component of the WHI early due to the increased risk of 

stroke and deep vein thrombosis. Estrogen does not 

appear to affect heart disease. 

March 2004. Preliminary results of the Sudden 

Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that an 

implantable cardiac defibrillator can reduce death in heart 

failure patients. 

July 2004. The NHLBI releases an update to the 2001 

NCEP ATP III guidelines on the treatment of high blood 

cholesterol in adults. 

August 2004. The NHBPEP Working Group on High 

Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents releases the 

Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and 

Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and 

Adolescents.

August 2004. An NHLBI-funded study shows that 

nucleic acid amplification testing for HIV-1 and hepatitis 

C virus (HCV) further safeguards the Nation’s blood 

supply.

October 2004. Results from a new study of adults 

with mild asthma by researchers participating in the 

ACRN demonstrate that genes affect patient response, 

over time, to daily doses of inhaled albuterol, a drug 

used for relief of acute asthma symptoms. A few weeks 

of its regular use improves overall asthma control in 

individuals with one form of the gene, but stopping all 

use of albuterol eventually improves asthma control in 

those with another form of the gene. The findings could 

lead to better ways to individualize asthma therapy.

November 2004. Results of the Prevention of Events 

With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition Therapy 

(PEACE) trial demonstrate that many heart disease 

patients who are already receiving state-of-the-art therapy 

do not gain extra cardiovascular protection from ACE 

inhibitors.

December 2004. The NHLBI stops early the Stroke 

Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia Trial II (STOP II) so 

that physicians who treat children with sickle cell anemia 

can be alerted to its findings. STOP II, which is a study 

to determine whether children with sickle cell anemia 

and at high risk for stroke could at some point safely stop 

receiving the periodic blood transfusions that prevent 

strokes, shows that children revert to high risk for stroke 

when transfusions are stopped.

January 2005. The NHLBI issues new guidelines for 

managing asthma during pregnancy.

January 2005. Results from Sudden Cardiac Death in 

Heart Failure (SCD-HeFT) show that patients with class 

II or class III heart failure and left ventricular ejection 

fraction of 35 percent or less have improved survival with 

implantable cardiac defibrillators. There is no benefit 

with amiodarone. 

January 26, 2005. Dr. Elizabeth G. Nabel is 

appointed Director of the NHLBI. She succeeds 

Dr. Claude Lenfant.

February 2005. NHLBI-supported scientists identify 

two genetic mutations common in individuals of African 

descent that are associated with a 40 percent reduction in 

LDL cholesterol.

June 1, 2005. HHS Secretary Mike Leavitt 

announces the launch of We Can!® (Ways to Enhance 

Children’s Activity & Nutrition), a national education 

program from the NIH to prevent overweight and obesity 

among youth ages 8–13 years.

February 15, 2006. Results from the WHI Calcium 

and Vitamin D Trial show that calcium and vitamin D 

supplements in healthy postmenopausal women provide 

a modest improvement in bone mass preservation and 

prevent hip fractures in certain groups, including older 

women, but do not prevent other types of fractures or 

colorectal cancer.
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

May 10, 2006. Results from the Childhood Asthma 

Research and Education (CARE) Network show that 

daily treatment with inhaled corticosteroids can reduce 

breathing problems in preschool-aged children at high 

risk for asthma, but does not prevent them from developing persistent asthma.

May 31, 2006. The Prospective Investigation of 

Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) II finds that 

the ability to diagnose pulmonary embolism is improved 

when a commonly used imaging test of the chest to 

detect potentially deadly blood clots in the lung is complemented by an extension of the scan to the legs—

where the clots typically originate—or by a standard 

clinical assessment.

June 6, 2006. Results from the Should We Emergently 

Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock 

(SHOCK) trial show that treating heart attack patients who 

have a life-threatening complication called cardiogenic 

shock with emergency angioplasty or bypass surgery 

greatly improves their long-term survival.

July 18, 2006. NHLBI scientists find that a hormone 

called brain natriuretic peptide or BNP, which can be 

detected in a simple blood test, can identify patients with 

SCD who have developed a life-threatening complication called pulmonary hypertension. The hormone is 

also a predictor of death in adult sickle cell patients. 

July 26, 2006. Results from two randomized clinical 

trials demonstrate that inhaled nitric oxide administered 

within the first few weeks of life helps prevent chronic 

lung disease in some low birthweight premature infants. 

Moreover, when administered within 48 hours after 

birth, it appears to protect some premature newborns 

from brain injury.

September 19, 2006. The NHLBI launches a peripheral artery disease awareness and education campaign, 

“Stay in Circulation: Take Steps To Learn About 

P.A.D.” (peripheral artery disease).

January 18, 2007. The NHLBI launches the Learn 

More Breathe Better campaign to increase COPD awareness among primary care physicians and the public.

August 29, 2007. The NAEPP issues the Expert Panel 

Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management 

of Asthma—Full Report 2007, an update of the latest scientific evidence and recommendations for clinical practice on asthma care.

October 1, 2007. The NHLBI launches an open 

access dataset for researchers worldwide. Known as 

SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe), the 

Web-based dataset will enable qualified researchers to 

access data from large population-based studies, starting 

with the landmark Framingham Heart Study. It is 

expected to accelerate discoveries linking genes and 

health, thereby advancing understanding of the causes 

and prevention of CVD and other disorders.

October 8, 2007. Mario Capecchi and Oliver 

Smithies, who are researchers supported by the NHLBI, 

are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 

for their creation of a gene-targeting technique that 

allows scientists to create transgenic mice that are genetically modified to develop human diseases.

December 3, 2007. The NHLBI announces a new 

strategic plan to guide its next decade of research, training, and education to reduce the national burden of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders.

December 10, 2007. Results of the Occluded Artery 

Trial (OAT) are incorporated into practice guidelines: 

The American College of Cardiology/American Heart 

Association’s 2007 Focused Update of the 2004 

Guidelines for the Management of Patients With 

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. The guidelines discourage percutaneous coronary intervention of a totally 

occluded artery late in the course of myocardial infarction in the absence of symptoms if patients are stable and 

do not have evidence of severe ischemia.

January 28, 2008. Results from the ALLHAT demonstrate that in people—especially blacks—who have high 

blood pressure as part of metabolic syndrome, diuretics 

offer greater protection against CVD, including heart 

failure, and are at least as effective for lowering blood 

pressure as newer, more expensive medications.

February 2008. The NHLBI stops one treatment arm 

of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes 

(ACCORD) clinical trial of adults who have type 2 diabetes at high risk for heart attack and stroke, after a 

review of available data showed that participants following a medical strategy to lower blood glucose below current recommendations to near-normal levels increased 

the risk of death compared with a standard treatment 

strategy. All participants now follow a medical strategy 

to reach the standard blood sugar levels while the lipid 

and blood pressure components of the study continue.
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

February 2008. An independent panel convened by 

the NIH concludes that the use of hydroxyurea for treating SCD should be increased among adolescents and 

adults who have the disease.

February 29, 2008. The NHLBI issues the first U.S. 

guidelines for the diagnosis and management of von 

Willebrand Disease, the most common inherited bleeding 

disorder.

March 2008. The NHLBI announces a comprehensive restructuring of its SCD research program to take 

advantage of new scientific opportunities and make SCD 

resources more widely available.

March 4, 2008. The WHI Follow-up Study confirms 

that the health risks of long-term combination hormone 

therapy outweigh the benefits for postmenopausal 

women. Researchers report that about 3 years after 

women stopped taking combination hormone therapy, 

many of the health effects of hormones—such as 

increased risk of heart disease—are diminished but overall risks of stroke, blood clots, and cancer remain high.

March 5, 2008. Scientists report that they have 

identified the variants of the gene VKORC1 that 

determine a patient’s initial response to treatment with 

the blood-thinning (anticoagulant) drug warfarin. The 

finding is expected to enhance the ability of physicians to 

tailor the dosage of warfarin for individual patients.

April 2008. NHLBI-supported researchers identify 

gene variants associated with increased susceptibility to 

asthma and reduced lung function in three study populations. Risk for developing asthma is linked to variants in 

a gene called CHI3L1, which can be measured by checking levels of an inherited blood protein that it regulates.

April 8, 2008. Results from the Stop Atherosclerosis 

in Native Diabetic Study (SANDS) show that aggressively lowering cholesterol and blood pressure levels 

below current targets in adults with type 2 diabetes may 

help to prevent, and possibly reverse, hardening of the 

arteries.

April 14, 2008. The NHLBI, along with the NCI and 

National Institute of General Medical Sciences 

(NIGMS), signs a letter of intent with the Center for 

Genomic Medicine in Japan to create a Global Alliance 

for Pharmacogenomics to identify genetic factors that 

contribute to individual responses to medicines, including rare and dangerous side effects. Research results 

will eventually allow physicians to ensure the safety and 

optimize the effectiveness of drugs for each patient.

August 18, 2008. The NHLBI launches an educational 

Web site, “Children and Clinical Studies,” which features 

documentary videos, text, and graphics designed to promote a better understanding of research in children for 

health care professionals and the public.

September 15, 2008. The Surgeon General’s Call to 

Action To Prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary 

Embolism is released. The Call to Action, which urges a 

coordinated, multifaceted plan to reduce the number of 

cases of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism 

nationwide, resulted from a Surgeon General’s Workshop 

on Deep Vein Thrombosis co-sponsored by the NHLBI.

September 25, 2008. Researchers announce that they 

have developed a genetically altered animal model for 

CF that closely matches the characteristics of the disease 

in humans.

October 6, 2008. NIH scientists show that tipifarnib, an 

experimental anticancer drug, can prevent, and even 

reverse, potentially fatal cardiovascular damage in a mouse 

model of progeria (rare genetic disorder that causes the 

most dramatic form of human premature aging).

December 15, 2008. The NHLBI expands its openaccess dataset of genetic and clinical data to include 

information collected from three NHLBI-funded asthma 

research networks: ACRN, CAMP, and CARE.

December 19, 2008. Researchers identify a gene that 

directly affects the production of a form of hemoglobin 

that is instrumental in modifying the severity of SCD and 

thalassemia. 

March 29, 2009. Results from the Surgical Treatment 

for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) study show that surgery to reshape the scarred left ventricle, the main pumping chamber of the heart, often performed in conjunction 

with coronary bypass surgery, fails to reduce deaths and 

hospitalizations in heart failure patients and does not 

improve quality of life compared with bypass alone.

June 5, 2009. Results from the Bypass Angioplasty 

Revascularization in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D) study in 

patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease 

indicate that while revascularization can be delayed for 

many patients receiving optimal medical therapy, patients 

with extensive coronary artery disease do better with 

prompt bypass surgery than with medical therapy alone.
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

June 10, 2009. The NHLBI joins with UnitedHealth 

Group’s Chronic Disease Initiative to launch a worldwide network of research and training centers to build 

institutional and community capacity to prevent and control chronic diseases globally.

July 28, 2009. The NHLBI stops the Sildenafil for 

Sickle Cell Disease-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension 

study after an interim review of the safety data shows 

that participants who are taking sildenafil are significantly more likely to have serious medical problems 

(e.g., severe pain called sickle cell crises) compared with 

participants on placebo.

August 16, 2009. Results from the Exome Project 

demonstrate the feasibility and value of isolating and 

sequencing all exons for identifying relatively rare 

genetic variants that may cause or contribute to disease. 

By focusing on the exome, important information about 

an individual can be obtained at a much lower cost than 

sequencing a person’s entire genome.

August 19, 2009. Results from Sleep Heart Health 

Study show that moderate to severe obstructive sleep 

apnea is associated with an increased risk of death in 

middle-aged adults, especially men.

October 2009. The Division of Cardiovascular 

Sciences is created by combining two previously existing 

divisions, the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and 

the Division of Prevention and Population Sciences, so 

that the administrative structure better matches the 

dynamic interaction that exists among basic, clinical, and 

population sciences. 

December 9, 2009. Scientists, using a modified 

blood adult stem-cell transplant regimen, reverse SCD in 

9 of 10 adults who had been severely affected by the 

disease. 

May 2010. The NHLBI launches the National Asthma 

Control Initiative to improve asthma control in patients by 

bringing asthma care in line with evidence-based recommendations from the Expert Panel Report 3—Guidelines 

for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma and its 

companion document, Guidelines Implementation Panel 

Report—Partners Putting Guidelines Into Action.

October 20, 2010. Follow-up findings from the WHI 

study of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women 

show that, in addition to having a higher incidence of 

breast cancer, the group treated with estrogen plus 

progestin had nearly double the rate of mortality from 

breast cancer than the placebo group 5 years after the 

study drug was discontinued.

April 7, 2011. Results from the STICH study show 

that adding bypass surgery to medical therapy for 

selected patients with chronic heart failure reduced the 

combination of deaths and heart-related hospital stays 

compared with medical therapy alone. 

May 12, 2011. Results from the Pediatric 

Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (Baby HUG) show 

that hydroxyurea appears to be safe for treating SCD in 

children aged 8–19 months, and can reduce their pain 

episodes and improve key blood measurements. 

August 24, 2011. Results from the COPD Clinical 

Research Network show that adding a common antibiotic 

to the usual daily treatment regimen for COPD reduced 

the occurrence of acute exacerbations and improved the 

quality of life of patients.

September 26, 2011. Results from a genome-wide 

association study (GWAS) show that asthma patients 

who have two copies of a specific gene variant responded 

only one-third as well to steroid inhalers used to treat 

asthma as those with two copies of the normal gene.

October 2011. Research supported in part by the 

NHLBI demonstrates that silencing the gene that 

produces the protein BCL11A can reactivate fetal 

hemoglobin production in adult mice bred to have SCD. 

The discovery presents a new target for future therapies 

for people with SCD.

October 17, 2011. The NHLBI launches the National 

Program to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk, a public-private 

partnership to improve control of CVD risk factors.

November 2011. Results from the AIM HIGH: 

Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent Vascular Events study 

show that adding high dose, extended-release niacin to 

statin treatment in people with heart and vascular disease 

does not reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.

November 9, 2011. The NCSDR releases the 2011 

NIH Sleep Disorders Research Plan that identifies 

research opportunities to be pursued over the next 3 to 

5 years in order to spur new approaches to prevent and 

treat sleep disorders and sleep deficiency.

December 2011. Research supported in part by the 

NHLBI shows that gene therapy can boost the production 
32

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

of a vital blood clotting factor in a small group of people 

with hemophilia B. Results from the study represent a 

promising step toward making gene therapy a viable 

treatment option for people with hemophilia B.

December 2011. The NHLBI releases Integrated 

Guidelines for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Children 

and Adolescents: The Report of the Expert Panel.

March 2012. An NHLBI comparative effectiveness 

study shows that older patients with stable CHD who 

undergo bypass surgery have better long-term survival 

rates than those who undergo a nonsurgical procedure 

known as percutaneous coronary intervention to improve 

blood flow to the heart muscle.

April 5, 2012. Dr. Gary Gibbons is appointed Director 

of the NHLBI. He succeeds Dr. Elizabeth Nabel.

June 18, 2012. The NHLBI launches the National 

Blood Disorders Program, a public-private partnership to 

improve the management of SCD.

July 2012. Results of the Rule Out Myocardial 

Infarction Using Computed Assisted Tomography study 

show that, in an emergency department setting and among 

patients with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary 

syndromes, incorporating computed tomography scans to 

standard screening procedures allows hospitals to send 

home sooner many patients with chest pain (often directly 

from an emergency department) without compromising 

their safety.

August 2012. Research based on work from the 

Framingham Heart Study shows that individuals with 

elevated levels of galectin 3, a marker of cardiac fibrosis, 

have an increased risk for heart failure and mortality.
33

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

4. Disease Statistics

Cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases constitute a large morbidity, mortality, and economic 

burden on individuals, families, and the Nation. 

Common forms are atherosclerosis, hypertension, 

COPD, and blood-clotting disorders—embolisms 

and thromboses. The most serious atherosclerotic 

diseases are CHD, as manifested by heart attack 

and angina pectoris, and cerebrovascular disease, as 

manifested by stroke.

In 2010, cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

accounted for 1,017,000 deaths and 41 percent of all 

deaths in the United States (p. 35). The estimated 

economic cost in 2009 for these diseases was $424 

billion—23 percent of the total economic costs of illness, injuries, and death (p. 51). Of all diseases, heart 

disease is the leading cause of death; chronic lower 

respiratory diseases (CLRD), which includes COPD 

and asthma, ranks third (behind cancer); and cerebrovascular disease is fourth (p. 38). Cardiovascular and 

lung diseases account for 3 of the 4 leading causes 

of death (p. 38) and 4 of the 10 leading causes of 

infant death (p. 44). Hypertension, asthma, CHD, 

and COPD are especially prevalent and account for 

substantial morbidity in Americans (p. 47).

The purpose of the biomedical research conducted 

by the NHLBI is to contribute to the prevention and 

treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. National disease statistics show 

that by mid-20th century, morbidity and mortality 

from these diseases had reached record high levels. 

Since then, however, substantial improvements have 

been achieved, especially over the past 40 years, as 

shown by the significant decline in mortality rates. 

Because many of these diseases begin early in life, 

their early detection and control can reduce the risk 

of disability and can delay death. Although important advances have been made in the treatment and 

control of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases, 

these diseases continue to be a major burden on the 

Nation.

Mortality statistics in this chapter are for diseases 

or conditions classified as the underlying cause of 

death. Heart failure, however, is never truly an 

underlying cause even though 57,757 deaths in 2010 

were nominally coded to it as the underlying cause. 

Therefore, in this chapter, mortality statistics 

attributed to any mention of heart failure represent 

it as either the underlying cause or a contributing 

cause of death.

Cardiovascular Diseases

• In 2010, CVD caused 788,000 deaths—

32 percent of all deaths (p. 35).

• Heart disease is the leading cause of death; the

main form, CHD, caused 380,000 deaths in 

2010 (pp. 36, 38).

• The annual number of deaths from CVD

increased substantially from 1900 to 1970 and 

remains high (p. 37). 

• The death rate (not age-adjusted) for CVD

increased from 1920 until it peaked in 1968. 

Since then, the trend has been downward. In 

2010, the rate was below the all-time low in 

1900 (p. 37).

• Cerebrovascular disease, the fourth leading

cause of death, accounted for 129,000 deaths in 

2010 (pp. 36, 38).

• Heart disease is second only to all cancers

combined in years of potential life lost (p. 38).

• Heart disease is the leading cause of death in

blacks, but second to cancer in Hispanics, 

Asians, and American Indians. Stroke ranks as 

the third or fourth leading cause of death in the 

minority groups, except in American Indians or 

Alaska Natives, where it ranks seventh (p. 38).

• Deaths with heart failure as the underlying or

contributing cause increased from 1970 to 1993 

and then remained constant to 2010 (p. 39).

• From 1999 to 2010, death rates for CHD and

stroke declined in non-Hispanic whites and 

non-Hispanic blacks; CHD and stroke death 

rates decreased among Hispanics, Asians, and 

American Indians from 1999 to 2008 but 

remained stable or increased in 2009 to 2010. 

CHD and stroke mortality continues to be highest in the black population (p. 40).

• Because of the rapid decline in mortality from

CHD since the peak in 1968, there were 

1,223,000 fewer deaths from CHD in 2010 than 

would have occurred if there had been no 

decline (p. 41). 
34

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

• From 1980 to 2010, infant death rates for

various lung diseases declined markedly (p. 43).

• In 2010, of the 10 leading causes of infant mortality, 

4 were lung diseases or had a lung disease component (p. 44). From 2000 to 2010, changes in 

mortality for the causes were:

– Congenital malformations (-10 percent)

– Disorders of short gestation (-4 percent)

– Sudden infant death syndrome (-17 percent)

– Respiratory distress syndrome (-48 percent).

• In 2010, approximately one in six deaths in children

under 1 year of age was due to a lung disease (p. 44).

• From 1990 to 2010, the CLRD death rate for

females in the United States and Finland increased 

appreciably compared with the rates in several other 

countries (p. 45).

• From 1999 to 2010, death rates for CLRD in males

decreased in all racial/ethnic groups except American 

Indians; their death rates fluctuated. In females, 

death rates for CLRD increased slightly in nonHispanic whites and remained stable in non-Hispanic 

blacks, Hispanics, American Indians, and Asians 

during the period (p. 46).

• Among the sleep disorders from 2000 to 2010, physician office visits for sleep apnea increased from 

2.0 to 2.7 million and for insomnia increased from 

2.4 to 5.8 million (p. 46).

• Asthma is a common chronic condition, particularly

in children (pp. 47, 48, 50). 

• The economic cost of asthma, COPD, and pneumonia was $106 billion in 2009:

– $81 billion in direct health expenditures

– $25 billion in indirect cost of mortality (p. 51).

Blood Diseases

• Approximately 10,000 deaths were attributed to

blood diseases in 2010 (p. 35). These include the 

following:

– 4,900 due to anemias

– 1,900 due to coagulation defects

– 800 due to purpura

– 2,400 due to other blood diseases.

• A large proportion of deaths from AMI, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease involve 

blood-clotting problems (no estimate available). 

• In 2009, anemias cost the Nation’s economy 

$6 billion:

– $5 billion in direct health expenditures

– $1 billion in indirect cost of mortality (p. 51).

• Substantial improvements have been made in the

treatment of CVD. Since 1990, the percent of hospitalizations for AMI, stroke, and heart failure that 

were discharged dead declined appreciably (p. 41).

• From 1990 to 2010, CHD mortality declined in the

United States, but remained higher than in many 

other countries, particularly among females (only 

selected countries are shown) (p. 42).

• From 2001 to 2010, the percentage decline in death

rates for CHD and stroke was fairly similar for 

whites and blacks (p. 43).

• A 2007–2010 national survey showed that an estimated 83.6 million persons in the United States had 

CVD, including 77.9 million with hypertension and 

15.4 million with CHD (p. 47).

• Since the 1960s, there has been a substantial reduction in the prevalence of CVD risk factors: hypertension, smoking, and high cholesterol. During that 

time, the prevalence of overweight adults has consistently increased (p. 48).

• From 1976–1980 to 2007–2010, the percentage of

persons with hypertension who were aware of their 

condition, on treatment for it, and having their blood 

pressure under control increased substantially (p. 49).

• A 2007–2010 national survey showed only about 

52 percent of hypertensive patients (systolic BP

 ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or on 

antihypertensive medication) had their condition 

under control (p. 49).

• Hospitalization rates for heart failure in those aged

45 to 64 years increased from 1971 to 1993 and 

remained stable to 2010. Rates for those aged 

65 years and older increased from 1971 to 1998 

and remained relatively stable until 2005; rates then 

declined through 2010 (p. 50).

• The estimated economic cost of CVD for 2009 was

$313 billion:

– $192 billion in direct health expenditures

– $121 billion in indirect cost of mortality (p. 51).

Lung Diseases

• Lung diseases, excluding lung cancer, caused an 

estimated 235,000 deaths in 2010 (p. 35).

• CLRD caused 138,000 deaths in 2010 and is the

third leading cause of death (pp. 36, 38).

• From 2001 to 2010, death rates for asthma declined 

in both black and white males and females; death 

rates for COPD declined in both black and white 

males but rose in both black and white females (p. 43).
35

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases, U.S., 2010

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2010

* Excludes 13,808 deaths from pulmonary heart disease and 947 deaths due to sarcoidosis.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1990 and 2010

1990 2010

Cause of Death

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

All Causes 2,148,463 100 2,468,435 100

All Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases 1,132,068 53 1,017,381 41

Cardiovascular 926,079 43 787,650 32

Blood 9,365 <1 9,953 <1

Lung 208,947* 10 234,533** 9

All Other Causes 1,016,395 47 1,451,054 59

* Includes 11,838 CVD deaths due to pulmonary heart disease and 485 deaths due to sarcoidosis.

**Includes 13,808 CVD deaths involving pulmonary heart disease and 947 deaths due to sarcoidosis.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).

CVD 

77.4%

Lung 

21.6%

Blood 

0.4%

CVD 

31.9%

Lung*

8.9%

Other 

58.8%

Blood 

1.0%

Total Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases 41.2%
36

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2010

Deaths (Thousands)

Cause of Death Cardiovascular Lung Blood

Acute Myocardial Infarction 122 — —*

Other Coronary Heart Disease 257 — —

Cerebrovascular Diseases (Stroke) 129 — —*

Other Atherosclerosis 26 — —

Pulmonary Embolism 7 7** —*

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Other Cardiovascular Diseases

3

243

—

7**

—*

—

Bleeding and Red Blood Cell Diseases† — — 10†

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — 135 —

Asthma — 3 —

Influenza and Pneumonia — 50 —

Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders — 4 —

Interstitial Lung Diseases — 8 —

Lung Diseases Due to External Agents — 18 —

Other Lung Diseases — 3 —

Total 788‡ 235 10

* Deaths from pulmonary disorders also included as CVD.

**Deaths from anemias, coagulation defects, purpura, and other blood diseases. Deaths attributed to blood-clotting diseases classified to AMI, stroke, and 

peripheral artery disease are not included.

† Most deaths from this cardiovascular disease can be classified as a blood-clotting disease. No good estimate is available.

‡ Numbers do not sum to the total due to rounding.

Note: Total, excluding overlap, is 1,017,381.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

* Includes heart failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertensive disease, deep vein thrombosis, and other heart and blood vessel diseases.

Note: Numbers may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Atherosclerosis-related disease 68.0%

Deaths From Cardiovascular 

Diseases, U.S., 2010

Deaths From Lung Diseases, 

U.S., 2010

Deaths From Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 2010

Other 

CVD*

31.1%

Pulmonary 

Embolism 

0.9%

Other 

Atherosclerosis 

3.4%

Other CHD 

32.7%

AMI 

15.5%

Stroke 

16.4%

Influenza/ 

Pneumonia 

21.4%

Airway Diseases 

58.9%

Interstitial/

Other

12.3%

Neonatal 

1.6%

Pulmonary 

Circulation 

5.9%

White Blood 

Cell Diseases 

4.5%

Anemias 

48.7%

Coagulation 

Defects 

18.9%

Purpura 

7.9%

Other Blood 

Diseases 

20.0%
37

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2010

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates* for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2010

* Not age-adjusted.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths (Thousands)

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

Total CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

Deaths/100,000 Population

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Total CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke
38

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2010

Cause of Death

1 = Heart Disease**

2 = Cancer

3 = CLRD†

4 = Stroke

5 = Accidents

6 = Alzheimer’s Disease

7 = Diabetes

8

9

10 = Suicide

= Influenza and Pneumonia

= Nephritis

Deaths/100,000 Population*

Years of potential life lost (millions)‡ 3.8 5.6 0.7 0.7 3.2 <0.1 0.6 0.3 0.3 1.2

250

200

150

100

50

0

1 2 345678 9 10

* Not age-adjusted.

**Includes 122.9 deaths per 100,000 population from CHD (dark bar).

† CLRD is the term used in the ICD/10 for COPD and asthma.

‡ Based on the average remaining years of life up to age 78.7 years (life expectancy at birth in 2010).

Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2010

Note: Causes of death shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Percent of All Deaths

Cause Black

Heart

Cancer

Stroke

Accidents

Diabetes

Nephritis

CLRD

Homicide

Septicemia

Alzheimer's

0 3 252015105 0

Percent of All Deaths

Cause

Cancer

Heart

Accidents

Diabetes

Cirrhosis

CLRD

Stroke

Suicide

Nephritis

Pneumonia

0 3 252015105 0

Percent of All Deaths

Cause Hispanic

Cancer

Heart

Accidents

Stroke

Diabetes

Cirrhosis

CLRD

Alzheimer’s

Nephritis

Pneumonia

0 3 252015105 0

Percent of All Deaths

Cause Asian/Pacific Islander

Cancer

Heart

Stroke

Accidents

Diabetes

Pneumonia

CLRD

Alzheimer’s

Nephritis

Suicide

0 3 252015105 0

American Indian/

Alaska Native
39

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1963, 1990, 

and 2010

Deaths/100,000 Population*

Percent 

Change 

Percent 

Change

Cause of Death 1963 1990 2010 1963–2010 1990–2010

All Causes 1,346 938 747 -45 -20

Cardiovascular Diseases 805 413 236 -71 -43

Coronary Heart Disease 478 218 114 -76 -48

Stroke 174 69** 39 -78 -43

Other 153 125 83 -46 -34

Noncardiovascular Diseases 541 526 512 -5 -3

COPD and Asthma 16 39† 42 156 9

Other 524 487 469 -11 -4

* Age-adjusted.

**ICD 10/9 comparability ratio (1.0502) applied.

† ICD 10/9 comparability ratio (1.0411) applied.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths Attributed to Heart Failure,* U.S., 1970–2010

* Heart failure as the underlying cause of death or otherwise mentioned on the death certificate.

Note: Breaks in trend line indicate change in ICD codes.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths (Thousands)

Year

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
40

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2010

* Non-Hispanic.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2010

* Non-Hispanic.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths/100,000 Population

Male Female

Year

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011

80

100

60

40

20

0

White*

Black*

Asian

Hispanic

American Indian

Deaths/100,000 Population

Male Female

Year

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011

200

200

300

150

100

50

0

White*

Black*

Asian

Hispanic

American Indian
41

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2010

Actual Rate and Expected Rates if Rise Had Continued or Reached a Plateau

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead From Hospitals, 

U.S., 1990, 2000, and 2010

Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), NCHS.

Deaths/100,000 Population

More Than 1.8 Million Deaths Expected

in 2010 if Rise Had Continued 

1,223,000 Deaths Averted in 2010 Due to

Decline From Peak Rate in 1968 (1,603,000–380,000)

380,000 Actual Deaths in 2010

1,603,000 Deaths Expected in 2010

if No Decline From Peak Rate

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Year

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0 2 468 10 12

Percent Discharged Dead

1990

2000

2010

AMI

Stroke

Heart Failure

Pneumonia

Disease

14

 Cardiac

Dysrhythmias
42

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Males, Ages 35–74 Years, in Selected Countries, 

1990–2010

* Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

**United Kingdom for 2008–2010; England and Wales for 1990–2007.

Source: World Health Organization (WHO) Mortality Database.

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Females, Ages 35–74 Years, in Selected Countries, 

1990–2010

* Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

**United Kingdom for 2008–2010; England and Wales for 1990–2007.

Source: WHO Mortality Database.

Deaths/100,000 Population

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Year

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

USA

Germany

France

Finland

UK**

Poland

Japan

Deaths/100,000 Population

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Year

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

USA

Germany

France

Finland

UK**

Poland

Japan
43

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Percent Change in Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Selected Causes by Race and Sex, U.S., 

2001–2010

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2010

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Other Neonatal

Respiratory Disorder

200

150

100

50

0

Deaths/100,000 Live Births

Year

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Respiratory

Distress Syndrome 

Sudden Infant

Death Syndrome

Hypoxia

Pneumonia

Percent Change

Cause of Death

30

20

10

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

COPD Asthma CHD Stroke

Black Male

White Female

Black Female

White Male
44

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Congenital 

Malformations 

of the CV System 

5.4%

SIDS 

8.4%

Other CVD 

2.1%

BPD 

0.2%

28

Deaths Under Age 1 per 100,000 Live Births

Percent

Change

Cause of Mortality 2000–2010 

-10**

-4

-17

13

-2

-23

-48

30

-18

Congenital Malformations*

Disorders Relating

to Short Gestation

Sudden Infant

Death Syndrome

Newborns Affected by Maternal

Complications of Pregnancy

Accidents and Adverse Effects

Newborns Affected by Complications

of Placenta, Cord, and Membrane

Bacterial Sepsis of Newborn

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Necrotizing Enterocolitis of Newborn

Neonatal Hemorrhage

0 50 100 150

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2010

* Congenital CVD and congenital respiratory diseases accounted for 43.1 deaths under age 1 per 100,000 live births (black bar), which is 34 percent of infant 

deaths due to all congenital malformations.

**From 2000 to 2010, congenital CVD declined 27 percent; congenital malformations of the respiratory system declined 41 percent; other congenital 

malformations increased 7 percent.

Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2010

Cause of Death

Deaths 

Under Age 1

All Causes 24,586

Cardiovascular Diseases 1,831

Congenital Malformations 1,324

Other 507

Lung Diseases 3,985

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 2,063

Respiratory Distress Syndrome 514

Pneumonia 179

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) 56

Atelectasis 248

Congenital Malformations 399

Other Lung Diseases 526

Other Diseases 18,770

Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Other Diseases 

76.3%

Congenital Malformations 

of the Respiratory System

1.6%

Atelectasis and 

Other Lung

Diseases

3.1%

RDS 

2.1%

Pneumonia 

0.7%

Lung Diseases 16.2%

CVD 7.4%
45

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Death Rates* for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases in Males, Ages 35 Years and Older, 

in Selected Countries, 1990–2010

* Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

**United Kingdom for 2008–2010; England and Wales for 1990–2007.

Source: WHO Mortality Database.

Death Rates* for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases in Females, Ages 35 Years and Older, 

in Selected Countries, 1990–2010

* Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

**United Kingdom for 2008–2010; England and Wales for 1990–2007.

Source: WHO Mortality Database.

Deaths/100,000 Population

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Year

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

USA

Germany

France

Finland

UK**

Poland

Japan

Deaths/100,000 Population

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

USA

Germany

France

Finland

UK**

Poland

Japan
46

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, 

U.S., 1999–2010

* Non-Hispanic.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 2000–2010

Note: Primary and secondary diagnoses.

Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, NCHS.

Deaths/100,000 Population

Male Female

Year

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011

40

80

70

60

50

30

20

10

0

White*

Black*

Asian

Hispanic

American Indian

Number of Visits (Millions)

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Insomnia

Sleep Apnea

Narcolepsy
47

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2007–2011

Disease Number of Persons

Cardiovascular Diseases* 83,600,000

Hypertension** 77,900,000

Coronary Heart Disease 15,400,000

Heart Failure 5,100,000

Stroke 6,800,000

Congenital Heart Disease† 1,000,000

Asthma‡ 39,500,000

COPD§ 12,700,000

* Includes hypertension, CHD, stroke, or heart failure for ages 20 years and older.

**Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication, or being told 

twice of having hypertension.

† Range from 650,000 to 1,300,000 for ages 18 years and older (Am Heart J 2004;147:425–439).

‡ 25,900,000 still have asthma and of those, 13,200,000 have had an attack in the past 12 months, for all ages.

§ An estimated 12,700,000 diagnosed (2011) and 12,000,000 undiagnosed (2006), for ages 18 years and older.

Sources: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010, NCHS and National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2011, NCHS.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases* in Adults by Age and Sex, U.S., 2007–2010

* Hypertension, CHD, stroke, or heart failure. Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg,

or being on antihypertensive medication.

Source: NHANES, 2007–2010, NCHS.

Percent of Population

100

80

60

40

20

0

Age (Years)

20–39 40–59 60–79 ≥80

Male

Female
48

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2007–2011

Sources: NHIS and NHANES, NCHS.

Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2011

Notes: Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication. High 

cholesterol is ≥240 mg/dL. Overweight is BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Data were collected at six time periods: 1960–1961 (plotted at 1961), 1971–1974 (plotted at 1972), 

1976–1980 (plotted at 1978), 1988–1994 (plotted at 1991), 1999–2002 (plotted at 2002), 2003–2006 (plotted at 2006), and 2007–2010 (plotted at 2010).

Sources: NHIS for smoking, ages ≥18, NCHS; NHANES for the other risk factors, ages 20–74, NCHS.

<18 Years

18–44 Years

45–64 Years

≥65 Years

0 80

Percent of Population

Asthma

Hypertension

Asthma

COPD

CHD

Hypertension

CHD

COPD

Stroke

Heart Failure

Asthma

Hypertension

Asthma

CHD

COPD

Stroke

Heart Failure

Disease

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Percent of Population

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1960

Year

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Overweight

Smoking

Hypertension

High Cholesterol
49

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Hypertensive* Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Ages 18 Years and Older, U.S., 

1976–1980 to 2007–2010

* Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication.

Source: NHANES, NCHS.

Adult Population With Hypertension* by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex, U.S., 2007–2010

* Hypertension is systolic blood pressure ≥140mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication.

**Non-Hispanic.

Source: NHANES, NCHS. 

100

Age (Years)

Males

18–39

40–59 

≥60

100 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80

Percent of Population

Females

White**

Black**

Mexican-American

Awareness Treatment Control

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Percent of Hypertensive Population

1999–2002

2003–2006

2007–2010

1991–1994

1988–1991

1976–1980
50

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Hospitalization Rates for Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 Years and 65 Years and Older, U.S., 1971–2010

Source: NHDS, NCHS.

Hospitalizations/10,000 Population

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

250

200

150

100

50

0

Ages ≥65 Years

Ages 45–64 Years

Prevalence of Asthma Episodes in Previous 12 Months by Age, U.S., 1997–2011

Source: NHIS, NCHS.

Percent of Population

1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

Year

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Ages <18 Years

Ages 18–34 Years

Ages ≥35 Years
51

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2009

Amount (Dollars in Billions) Percent Distribution

Diagnosis

Direct 

Cost*

Indirect 

Cost of 

Mortality** Total

Direct 

Cost

Indirect 

Cost of 

Mortality Total

Cardiovascular Diseases $192.1 $120.5 $312.6 15.2% 20.0% 16.8%

COPD, Asthma, Pneumonia 81.5 24.6 106.1 6.5 4.1 5.7

Anemias 4.7 1.2 5.8 0.4 0.2 0.3

Subtotal 278.2 146.2 424.4 22.1 24.3 22.8

Neoplasms 86.6 130.0 216.6 6.9 21.6 11.6

Injury and Poisoning 83.2 95.9 179.1 6.6 15.9 9.6

Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic Diseases 110.9 23.5 134.4 8.8 3.9 7.2

Diseases of the Digestive System 85.2 29.2 114.5 6.8 4.9 6.1

Diseases of the Respiratory System† 97.7 31.7 129.4 7.8 5.3 6.9

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System 125.0 3.1 128.1 9.9 0.5 6.9

Diseases of the Nervous System 78.3 16.0 94.3 6.2 2.6 5.1

Mental Disorders 79.8 8.1 87.9 6.3 1.3 4.7

Diseases of the Genitourinary System 66.6 8.2 74.8 5.3 1.4 4.0

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 22.3 23.9 46.2 1.8 4.0 2.5

Normal Live Birth 33.4 — 33.4 2.7 — 1.8

Diseases of the Skin 22.7 0.8 23.5 1.8 0.1 1.3

Other and Not Linked to Specific Condition 171.5 110.7 282.1 13.6 18.4 15.1

Total $1,260.0 $602.8 $1,862.8 100% 100% 100%

* Direct costs are personal health care expenditures for hospital and professional services care, prescribed medications, and home care reported by the Medical 

Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), by diagnosis, excluding nursing home care costs and costs due to 

comorbidities.

**The mortality cost for each disease group was estimated for 2009 by multiplying the number of deaths by age, sex, and cause of death in 2009 by the 2009 

present value of lifetime earnings discounted at 3 percent.

† Includes costs for COPD, asthma, and pneumonia.

Note: Estimates are not available for total lung diseases and blood clotting disorders.

Source: Prepared by NHLBI from direct costs on the MEPS Web site; numbers of deaths from Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS; present value of 

lifetime earnings from the Institute for Health and Aging, University of California. Total direct cost obtained from MEP Statistical Brief #355, National Health 

Care Expenses in the U.S. Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population, 2009.
52

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Total Economic Cost of the Leading Diagnostic Groups, U.S., 2009

Direct Economic Cost and Percent Distribution for Selected Conditions by Type of Service, 

U.S., 2009

Percent Distribution by Type of Service

Condition

Total Direct 

Cost 

(in Billions)

Hospital 

Outpatient or 

Office-Based 

Provider Visits

Hospital 

Inpatient 

Stays

Emergency 

Room Visits

Prescribed 

Medicines Home Health

Heart Disease $99.2 21.6% 56.8% 5.6% 8.6% 7.4%

COPD, Asthma 64.2 28.0 26.1 4.9 34.1 6.9

Hypertension 47.5 29.6 12.4 2.7 45.1 10.2

Hyperlipidemia 37.3 28.8 1.9 0.3 66.5 2.4

Stroke 22.8 19.4 47.1 2.5 4.5 26.4

Other Circulatory Conditions 22.6 29.4 58.5 3.5 4.1 4.5

Pneumonia 17.3 6.4 82.0 6.7 1.9 2.9

Anemias 4.7 29.4 57.1 0.3 9.3 3.9

Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, Household Component Summary Data Tables.

Source: MEPS, AHRQ.

Cardiovascular Diseases

Neoplasms

Injury and Poisoning

Endocrine, Nutritional, and

Metabolic Diseases

Diseases of

Musculoskeletal System

Diseases of Nervous System

Mental Disorders

Diseases of

Genitourinary System

Infectious and

Parasitic Diseases

Cost (Dollars in Billions)

Diagnostic Group

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Diseases of Respiratory System

Diseases of Digestive System

Direct Cost

Indirect Cost of Mortality
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

5. Institute-Initiated Programs 

Starting in FY 2012

More than two-thirds of the research supported 

by the NHLBI is initiated by individual investigators; the remainder is initiated by the Institute. 

Institute-initiated programs are developed in 

response to evolving national needs, Congressional 

mandates, and advances in scientific knowledge. 

Each initiative represents the outcome of extensive 

discussions and thorough reviews by representatives 

of the scientific community, Institute advisory committees, the Board of Extramural Experts (BEE), 

and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory 

Council (NHLBAC). The advisory committees and 

the BEE, together with professional societies and 

NHLBI staff, continually review the progress of 

research within the NHLBI program areas, assess 

newly acquired knowledge, and identify research 

topics that offer the best opportunities or constitute 

the greatest needs. This planning process contributes to policy development at the national level by 

setting priorities among programs and establishing 

budgets for individual programs and projects. 

Initiatives generally emanate as Requests for 

Applications (RFAs) for grants, including cooperative agreements, or Requests for Proposals (RFPs) 

for contracts. Other initiatives take the form of 

Program Announcements (PAs) or Program 

Announcements with special receipt, referral, or 

review considerations (PARs). Applications and 

proposals submitted in response to RFAs and RFPs 

compete among themselves for specific “set-aside” 

funds. Applications submitted in response to PAs or 

PARs generally compete with other investigator-initiated applications for funding. 

RFA, RFP, and PA concepts prepared by the 

Institute are presented to the BEE, which reviews 

and prioritizes them. The concepts, along with the 

comments from the BEE, are then sent to the 

NHLBAC for review, comment, and concurrence. 

Initiatives that receive the concurrence of the 

NHLBAC are considered further by the NHLBI 

Director in the context of the Institute’s budget, program priorities, review workload, and proposed 

mechanisms. These considerations guide the 

Director’s subsequent decisions to approve initiatives for release. RFAs, RFPs, PAs, and PARs are 

announced in the NIH Guide to Grants and 

Contracts.

Applications and proposals submitted in response 

to RFAs and RFPs are reviewed by peer review panels convened by the NHLBI. Applications submitted in response to PAs and PARs are reviewed by the 

NIH Center for Scientific Review. 

Descriptions of new or competitively renewed 

Institute-initiated programs that began (i.e., Type 1 

or Type 2) in FY 2012 are presented below according to NHLBI scientific programs. Also described 

are trans-NIH, trans-PHS, and Interagency initiatives 

in which the NHLBI participates.

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 

Initiatives Being Renewed

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network: 

Regional Clinical Centers and Data Coordinating 

Center

The purpose of these renewals is to maintain 

an infrastructure to develop, coordinate, conduct, 

and evaluate multiple collaborative clinical trials 

designed to improve the management of CVD. 

Investigators will be evaluating innovative stem 

cell-based therapies.

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network: 

Regional Clinical Centers and Data Coordinating 

Center

The purpose of these renewals is to maintain an 

infrastructure to develop, coordinate, and conduct 

multiple collaborative clinical trials to improve 

heart failure outcomes. The clinical centers initiative is structured to support concurrent, small- to 

intermediate-sized randomized clinical trials that 

can be completed within 2 to 5 years; it is not 

designed to fund large, Phase III studies. 

New Initiatives

Basic Research in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

The purpose of this RFA is to encourage innovative molecular and physiological research that could 
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

lead to early diagnosis or effective medical therapy for 

calcific aortic valve disease through new diagnostic biomarkers or new therapeutic targets.

Pilot Studies To Develop and Test Novel, Low-Cost 

Methods for the Conduct of Clinical Trials

The purpose of this RFA is to develop and test low-cost 

methods to conduct clinical trials. This effort encourages 

new and innovative designs that have not been tested in 

previous studies and hold potential to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of conducting clinical trials.

Toward an Improved Understanding of HDL Function

The purpose of this PA is to develop, validate, and 

standardize assays to measure HDL function and biomarkers for HDL function and to identify new pathways 

and potential therapeutic targets related to HDL function.

Lung Diseases Program

Initiative Being Renewed

Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II 

Clinical Trials

The purpose of this renewal is to conduct proof-ofconcept Phase II clinical trials that test an innovative 

intervention for a lung disease or a cardiopulmonary 

disorder from sleep that has the potential to cause a 

significant change in clinical management. 

New Initiatives

Development and Testing of a Case-Finding 

Methodology in COPD

The purpose of this RFA is to design and test tools for 

identifying individuals who are likely to have undiagnosed COPD.

Early Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease Studies in Humans

The purpose of this RFA is to characterize the origins 

of CF lung disease in infants and young children, elucidate mechanisms of disease development and progression, and identify targets and strategies for early 

interventions.

Genomic Research in AAT-Deficiency and Sarcoidosis 

Study (GRADS): Clinical Centers and Genomics and 

Informatics Center

The purpose of this program is to conduct genomic, 

microbiomic, and phenotypic studies in patients with 

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency or sarcoidosis to elucidate 

pathogenetic mechanisms or identify predictors of disease development and progression.

Getting From Genes to Function in Lung Disease

The purpose of this PA is to characterize the function 

of genes and their associated variants that have been 

identified by GWAS or other genetic approaches. 

Investigators will use integrated approaches across 

scientific disciplines to determine the pathobiological 

function of the genes.

Lung Repair and Regeneration Consortium: Research 

Centers and Administrative Coordinating Centers

The purpose of these RFAs is to establish multidisciplinary teams of investigators who will develop cuttingedge technologies, innovative strategies, and new ideas 

to accelerate research progress on lung regeneration and 

repair.

Molecular Imaging of the Lung—Phase 1

The purposes of this RFA are to identify molecular 

targets that are relevant to lung health and diseases for 

probe development in combination with innovative 

imaging approaches and to validate the developed 

probes in cells and in vivo animal models. The eventual 

goal is to generate sufficient preclinical data to support 

an investigational new drug submission with the 

U.S. Food and Drug Administration for initial testing 

in humans.

Pulmonary Vascular-Right Ventricular Axis Research 

Program

The purpose of this RFA is to acquire disease-defining 

knowledge of the pulmonary vascular-right ventricular 

axis in humans leading to improved and targeted diagnostics and therapeutics for right ventricular failure.

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Initiative Being Renewed 

Clinical Hematology and Transfusion Medicine 

Research Career Development Program

The purpose of this renewal is to develop and evaluate multidisciplinary career development programs in 

nonmalignant hematology and transfusion medicine that 

will equip new investigators with the knowledge and 

skills to address complex problems in blood diseases 

and transfusion medicine.
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

New Initiatives

Clinical Trials Development Resource for Hematologic 

Disorders

The purpose of this RFA is to provide a resource of 

expert consultants to assist investigators in the development of multisite clinical trials for hematologic disorders. This RFA is linked to two NHLBI RFAs: the 

Clinical Trials Planning Studies for Rare Thrombotic 

and Hemostatic Disorders and the NHLBI Clinical Trial 

Pilot Studies.

Clinical Trials Planning Studies for Rare Thrombotic 

and Hemostatic Disorders

The purpose of this RFA is to support the planning 

phase of Phase III multicenter investigator-initiated clinical trials focused on either rare hemostatic and thrombotic disorders or more common hemostatic and 

thrombotic disorders that occur rarely in special patient 

populations (e.g., neonates, children, pregnant women).

Early-Phase Clinical Trials for Blood Cell Therapies 

The purpose of this PAR is to conduct early-phase 

clinical trials to evaluate innovative cell therapies to 

treat blood diseases and to improve the outcome of 

hematopoietic stem cell transplantations.

Sickle Cell Disease: Inflammation, Thrombosis, and 

Vascular Dysfunction

The purpose of this PA is to identify new pathways 

and regulatory mechanisms that may be as important in 

the pathophysiology of SCD as red blood cell sickling. 

Researchers will study the role of the immune and coagulation systems in the vaso-occlusive pathologies that 

are associated with SCD.

Translational Research Centers in Thrombotic and 

Hemostatic Disorders

The purpose of this RFA is to enhance the translation 

of basic research discoveries that could lead to improved 

prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for thrombotic and 

hemostatic disorders. Investigators will advance early 

stage translational research, integrating applied and 

basic science to move research discoveries toward clinical application.

Understanding Mechanisms of Terminal Erythroid 

Maturation

The purpose of this RFA is to study the development 

of erythroid precursors into mature red blood to improve 

understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate late stages of erythroid maturation.

Trans-NHLBI

Initiatives Being Renewed

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Resource-Related 

Research Projects

The purpose of this renewal is to enhance the capabilities of ongoing basic, translational, and clinical research 

by developing resources or infrastructures that are available to the scientific community for furthering research 

relevant to the NHLBI mission.

Research Dissemination and Implementation Grants

The purposes of this renewal are to develop and test 

innovative approaches to translating efficacious treatments and effective prevention strategies for heart, lung, 

and blood diseases and sleep disorders to clinics, communities, and other settings; and to examine the effectiveness of interventions as they are disseminated and 

implemented in real-world settings.

New Initiatives

Anchoring Metabolomic Changes to Phenotype

The purpose of this RFA is to facilitate metabolomic 

phenotyping of existing cohorts and improve understanding about the role of metabolites in the functional 

pathways and molecular mechanisms that contribute to 

an observed phenotype.

Management of HIV-Related Lung Disease and 

Cardiovascular Comorbidity

The purpose of this RFA is to develop optimal intervention strategies for HIV-related lung disease, with or 

without comorbid CVD, to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions. 

Maximizing the Scientific Value of the NHLBI 

Biologic Specimen Repository: Scientific Opportunities 

The purpose of this RFA is to conduct exploratory 

research in heart, lung, and blood diseases and blood 

resources using biospecimens stored in the NHLBI 

Biologic Specimen Repository.

NHLBI Translational Research Implementation 

Program (TRIP)—Limited Competition

The purpose of this RFA is to accelerate the translation of new therapeutic interventions derived from 
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

fundamental research discoveries for treatment and prevention of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

through planning and execution of well-designed clinical trials that demonstrate safety and efficacy. Only successful Stage 1 investigators can apply for Stage 2 

studies to conduct the clinical trials planned and developed during Stage 1.

Short-Term Institutional Training Grant for Clinician 

Scientists in Pediatric Respiratory, Sleep, and 

Hematology/Transfusion Medicine

The purpose of this RFA is to develop and enhance 

research training opportunities in basic or clinical 

research in pediatric respiratory, sleep, and hematology 

and transfusion medicine for medical and health professional students.

Trans-NIH

Initiatives Being Renewed 

Improving Diet and Physical Activity Assessment 

The purpose of this renewal is to stimulate innovative 

research that will enhance the quality of measurements 

of dietary intake and physical activity.

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research

The purpose of this renewal is to support midcareer 

health-professional doctorates or equivalents by providing them with “protected time” to devote to patientoriented research and to act as research mentors 

primarily for clinical residents, clinical fellows, and 

junior clinical faculty.

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Biology and 

Medicine

The purpose of this renewal is to study basic biological phenomena and engineer nanotechnology solutions 

that will enable biomedical breakthroughs in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and traumatic injuries.

Nutrition and Diet in the Causation, Prevention, and 

Management of Heart Failure

The purpose of this renewal is to develop a satisfactory science base for rational nutritional management of 

patients in various stages of heart failure and for preventive approaches in high-risk individuals.

Reducing Health Disparities Among Minority and 

Underserved Children

The purpose of this renewal is to conduct research 

that can be used to reduce health disparities among children. Specific targeted research includes biobehavioral 

studies that incorporate multiple factors that affect child 

health disparities (e.g., biological, lifestyle, environmental, social, economic, institutional, and cultural and family influences); studies that focus on the specific health 

promotion needs of children with a known illness and 

disability; and studies that test and evaluate the comparative effectiveness of health promotion interventions 

that are conducted in traditional and nontraditional 

settings.

New Initiatives

Life After Linkage: The Future of Family Studies

The purpose of this RFA is to integrate novel molecular data with existing genotype and phenotype data in 

families to identify and characterize genes that influence 

complex disorders.

Methods and Approaches for Detection of Gene–

Environment Interactions in Human Disease

The purpose of this PAR is to develop and test innovative statistical, analytical, and bioinformatic 

approaches for identifying gene–environment interactions of complex human diseases.

Reducing the Impact of Hypertension in Low- and 

Middle-Income Countries

The purpose of this RFA is to establish a highly interactive consortium of investigators who will develop 

effective interventions for expanding sustainable hypertension prevention and control programs at the local, 

regional, and national levels in low- and middle-income 

countries.

Trans-PHS

Initiatives Being Renewed 

Community Participation in Research 

The purpose of this renewal is to support intervention 

research on health promotion, disease prevention, and 

health disparities that communities and researchers 

jointly conduct. 
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

Predictive Multiscale Models for Biomedical, 

Biological, Behavioral, Environmental, and Clinical 

Research

The purpose of this renewal is to develop multiscale 

models of biological and behavioral systems that can be 

used as tools to address a range of biomedical, biological, behavioral, environmental, and clinical problems.

Interagency

New Initiative

Virtual Reality Technologies for Research and 

Education in Obesity and Diabetes

The purpose of this RFA is to encourage investigators 

from academic, small business, and technology transfer 

communities to explore the potential of virtual reality 

technologies for addressing obesity and diabetes through 

behavioral science research and through the development of practical tools that can be used at the clinical 

and public health levels to prevent and manage these 

conditions.

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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

Structure

Chair: Gary H. Gibbons, M.D., Director, 

NHLBI

Executive Secretary: Stephen C. Mockrin, 

Ph.D., Director, Division of Extramural Research 

Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, 

Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0260 

The Secretary of HHS appoints 18 members: 

12 members are leading representatives of the health 

and scientific disciplines (including public health 

and behavioral or social sciences), and 6 are from 

the general public and are leaders in the fields of 

public policy, law, health policy, economics, and 

management. 

Members are appointed for overlapping terms of 

4 years. 

The Council includes the following ex officio 

members: 

• Secretary, HHS 

• Director, NIH 

• Director, NHLBI 

• Chief Medical Director, Veterans Affairs, or 

Designee 

• Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health 

Affairs, or Designee

• Designee, Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention 

Functions

The NHLBAC reviews applications for research 

grants, cooperative agreements, and training grants 

in heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; 

sleep disorders; and blood resources, and recommends scientific projects that merit support to the 

Director, NHLBI. 

The Council advises the Secretary, HHS; the 

Assistant Secretary for Health, HHS; and the 

Directors, NIH and NHLBI on matters relating 

to causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of 

diseases and resources within the purview of the 

Institute. The Council also may review any grant, 

contract, or cooperative agreement proposed to be 

made or entered into by the Institute; may make 

recommendations to the Director of the Institute 

respecting research conducted at the Institute; and 

may assemble ad hoc working groups, appoint 

subcommittees, and convene workshops and 

conferences.

The Council may also make recommendations 

to the Director, NIH and other authorized officials 

regarding the acceptance of conditional gifts pursuant to section 231 of the Public Health Service Act, 

as amended. 

Meetings 

The Chair convenes meetings not fewer than four 

times a year and approves the agenda. 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Gary H. Gibbons, M.D. 

Chair 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Jonathan R. Alger, J.D. (2014)

James Madison University

Coletta C. Barrett, R.N. (2014)

Mission for Our Lady of the Lake Regional 

Medical Center

Ivor J. Benjamin, M.D. (2014)

University of Utah School of Medicine

Ingrid B. Borecki, Ph.D. (2012)

Washington University in St. Louis

Barry S. Coller, M.D. (2012)

Rockefeller University

Pamela S. Douglas, M.D. (2015)

Duke University School of Medicine

Jack A. Elias, M.D. (2012)

Yale University School of Medicine

Beverly W. Hogan (2012)

Tougaloo College

Lanetta B. Jordan, M.D. (2013)

University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine

Ronald G. King, M.B.A., Ph.D. (2015)

BioAccel

Talmadge E. King, M.D. (2013)

University of California, San Francisco

Barbara A. Konkle, M.D. (2015)

Puget Sound Blood Center

Naomi L.C. Luban, M.D. (2014)

The George Washington University School of Medicine

Michael S. Parmacek, M.D. (2012)

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Polly E. Parsons, M.D. (2014)

University of Vermont

Leslee J. Shaw, Ph.D. (2013)

Emory University

Gilbert C. White II, M.D. (2014)

Blood Center of Wisconsin

Ex Officio Members

Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.

National Institutes of Health

Robert L. Jesse, M.D., Ph.D.

Veterans Health Administration

Kathleen Sebelius, M.P.A.

Department of Health and Human Services

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council Membership* 

* Current as of October 2012. The current roster, containing full addresses for the NHLBI Advisory Council and Committees, can be obtained 

from the Internet at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/nhlbac/roster.htm.
61

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee 

Chair: Edward J. Benz, M.D., Dana-Farber Cancer 

Institute

Executive Secretary: W. Keith Hoots, M.D., 

Director, Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, 

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 

20892; 301–435–0080 

The Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee advises 

the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the DBDR on 

matters related to planning, executing, conducting, supporting, and evaluating research in SCD. 

Membership* 

Thomas D. Coates, M.D. (2013)

University of Southern California

Kalpna Gupta, Ph.D. (2015)

University of Minnesota

Cheryl A. Hillery, M.D. (2015)

Medical College of Wisconsin

Nigel S. Key, M.D. (2013)

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Ex Officio Members 

Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.

National Institutes of Health

William Hannon, Ph.D.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Marie Y. Mann, M.D. 

Health Resources and Services Administration

Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board 

Chair: Sairam Parthasarathy, M.D., University of 

Arizona

Executive Secretary: Michael J. Twery, Ph.D., 

Director, National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, 

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 

20892; 301–435–0202

The Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board 

advises the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the 

NCSDR on matters related to planning, executing, conducting, supporting, and evaluating research in sleep 

disorders. 

Membership* 

Mercedes R. Carnethon, Ph.D., M.P.H. (2013)

Northwestern University

Julie L. Flygare, J.D. (2015)

Wake Up Narcolepsy, Inc.

Girardin Jean-Louis, Ph.D. (2015)

SUNY Downstate Medical Center

Leszek K. Kubin, Ph.D. (2014)

University of Pennsylvania

Kathy Page (2015)

Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation

Ila Jeanne Sensenich, J.D. (2015)

United States Magistrate System

Catherine Vena, Ph.D., R.N. (2013)

Emory University

Gagandeep Walia, M.B.A. (2013)

Visa, Inc.

Ex Officio Members 

Thomas J. Balkin, Ph.D.

Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.

National Institutes of Health

Robert W. Greene, M.D., Ph.D.

Veterans Administration, North Texas Medical Center

Merrill M. Mitler, Ph.D.

NINDS, National Institutes of Health

Michael J. Twery, Ph.D.

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health

* Current as of October 2012.

Program Advisory and Review Committee 
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Initial Review Group 

Scientific Review Officer: Jeffery H. Hurst, Ph.D., 

Scientific Review Officer, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0303 

The Heart, Lung, and Blood Initial Review Group 

provides initial technical merit review for the NHLBAC 

and the Director, NHLBI. This group consists of three 

subcommittees: the Heart, Lung, and Blood Program 

Project Review Committee; the Clinical Trials Review 

Committee; and the NHLBI Institutional Training 

Mechanism Review Committee. 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project 

Review Committee 

Chair: Catherine S. Manno, M.D., New York 

University

Scientific Review Officer: Jeffery H. Hurst, Ph.D., 

Scientific Review Officer, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0303 

The Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review 

Committee provides initial technical merit review for 

the NHLBAC and the Director, NHLBI on program 

project applications proposing research in the areas of 

heart, lung, and blood diseases and resources. 

Membership* 

Peter M. Buttrick, M.D. (2014)

University of Colorado

Jennifer L. Hall, Ph.D. (2015)

University of Minnesota

Stanley L. Hazen, M.D., Ph.D. (2016)

Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention

Thomas H. Hintze, Ph.D. (2014)

New York Medical College

Kenneth A. Jamerson, M.D. (2016)

University of Michigan Health System

Pedro A. Jose, M.D., Ph.D. (2015)

Children’s National Medical Center

Jay K. Kolls, M.D. (2014)

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Monica Kraft, M.D. (2014)

Duke University Medical Center

Lucy Liaw, Ph.D. (2014)

Maine Medical Center Research Institute

Pamela A. Lucchesi, Ph.D. (2016)

Nationwide Children’s Hospital

Nigel Mackman, Ph.D. (2013)

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Fernando D. Martinez, M.D. (2013)

University of Arizona

Steven W. Mifflin, Ph.D. (2016)

University of North Texas Health Science Center

Karen Reue, Ph.D. (2016)

University of California, Los Angeles

Frank C. Sciurba, M.D. (2013)

University of Pittsburgh

Nancy S. Speck, Ph.D. (2013)

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

James C. Zimring, M.D., Ph.D. (2015)

Emory University School of Medicine

Clinical Trials Review Committee 

Chair: Stanley J. Szefler, M.D., National Jewish 

Health

Scientific Review Officer: Keary A. Cope, Ph.D., 

Scientific Review Officer, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–2222

The Clinical Trials Review Committee provides initial technical merit review for the NHLBAC and the 

Director, NHLBI on clinical trial applications for the 

support of studies to evaluate preventive or therapeutic 

measures of blood, cardiovascular, and lung diseases. 

* Current as of October 2012.
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Membership* 

Roberta A. Ballard, M.D. (2014)

University of California, San Francisco

Bruce A. Barton, Ph.D. (2014)

University of Massachusetts Medical School

Elizabeth N. Brondolo, Ph.D. (2016)

St. John’s University

Jeffrey L. Carson, M.D. (2014)

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey

Mina K. Chung, M.D. (2014)

Case Western Reserve University

Gerard J. Criner, M.D. (2014)

Temple University School of Medicine

Jerry A. Krishnan, M.D., Ph.D. (2016)

University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences 

System

Luann L. Minich, M.D. (2016)

University of Utah

Lori J. Mosca, M.D., Ph.D. (2013)

Columbia University Medical Center

Shawna D. Nesbitt, M.D. (2016)

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Steven Piantadosi, M.D., Ph.D. (2013)

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Arshed A. Quyyumi, M.D. (2013)

Emory University School of Medicine

Gary E. Raskob, Ph.D. (2015)

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center 

Margaret M. Redfield, M.D. (2013)

Mayo Clinic

Madeline M. Rice, Ph.D. (2013)

The George Washington University

Barbara C. Tilley, Ph.D. (2015)

University of Texas

O. Dale Williams, Ph.D. (2015)

Florida International University

NHLBI Institutional Training Mechanism 

Review Committee

Chair: David M. Guidot, M.D., Emory University

Scientific Review Officer: Charles Joyce, Ph.D., 

Scientific Review Officer, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0291

The NHLBI Institutional Training Mechanism 

Review Committee provides initial technical merit 

review for the NHLBAC and the Director of the NHLBI 

on training applications that provide predoctoral, postdoctoral, and short-term research training at academic 

institutions.

Membership*

Judy L. Aschner, M.D. (2016)

Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Jennifer K. Barton, Ph.D. (2015)

University of Arizona

Pamela S. Becker, M.D., Ph.D. (2016)

University of Washington

Neil Blumberg, M.D. (2015)

University of Rochester

Meredith Bond, Ph.D. (2013)

University of Maryland School of Medicine

Kathleen B. Brosnihan, Ph.D. (2015)

Wake Forest University

David M. Center, M.D. (2013)

Boston University School of Medicine

Nipavan Chiamvimonvat, M.D. (2016)

University of California, Davis

Martha L. Daviglus, M.D., Ph.D. (2016)

Northwestern University

Mark W. Geraci, M.D. (2015)

University of Colorado 

* Current as of October 2012.
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Gerardo Heiss, M.D., Ph.D. (2014)

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Kirk U. Knowlton, M.D. (2013)

University of California, San Diego

Robert J. Levy, M.D. (2014)

The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Alice H. Lichtenstein, D.Sc. (2013)

Tufts University

Fernando J. Martinez, M.D. (2014)

University of Michigan

Donald R. Menick, Ph.D. (2016)

Medical University of South Carolina

William H. Pearce, M.D. (2014)

Northwestern University

Michael I. Phillips, Ph.D., D.Sc. (2014)

Keck Graduate Institute

Lynne D. Richardson, M.D. (2016)

Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Kingman P. Strohl, M.D. (2015)

University Hospitals of Cleveland

Carolyn F. Whitsett, M.D. (2015)

Kings County Hospital 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Special Emphasis Panel 

The Institute established the NHLBI Special 

Emphasis Panel (SEP) to carry out the initial peer 

review of applications and proposals that were previously handled by ad hoc committees. Concept review, 

previously handled by divisional program advisory committees, has also been incorporated into the SEP system. 

The SEP, which has neither a fixed membership nor a 

set meeting schedule, is constituted to provide required 

peer review expertise at precisely the time that it is 

needed. 

* Current as of October 2012.

Board of Scientific Counselors 

Chair: Michael I. Kotlikoff, V.M.D., Ph.D., 

Cornell University

Executive Secretary: Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D., 

Director, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–496–2116 

The Board of Scientific Counselors advises the 

Director and the Deputy Director for Intramural 

Research, NIH, and the Directors of NHLBI and the 

Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, on the 

intramural research programs of the NHLBI. 

Membership* 

Grover C. Bagby, M.D. (2015)

Oregon Health Sciences University

Serpil C. Erzurum, M.D. (2015)

Cleveland Clinic Foundation

James F. Greenleaf, Ph.D. (2015)

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Aldons J. Lusis, Ph.D. (2013)

University of California, Los Angeles

Coleen A. McNamara, M.D. (2016)

University of Virginia

Alfonso Mondragon, Ph.D. (2016)

Northwestern University

David J. Sahn, M.D. (2014)

Oregon Health and Science University

Douglas C. Wallace, Ph.D. (2014)

University of California, Irvine

David S. Wilkes, M.D. (2016)

Indiana University
NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

65

7. Fiscal Year 2012 Budget Overview

NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2012

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars* 

(Thousands)

Percent of Total 

NHLBI Budget

Research Project Grants** $2,092,482 68.6%

SCCORs and P50 Centers 34,162 1.1

Centers for AIDS Research 3,428 0.1

Other Research Centers Grants 25,940 0.9

Other Research Grants 156,359 5.1

Research Careers Programs† 80,177 2.6

Training Programs 93,317 3.1

Research and Development Contracts 332,403 10.9

Intramural Laboratory and Clinical Research 191,795 6.1

Research Management and Support‡ 121,167 4.0

Total Obligations $3,051,053 100.0%

* Excludes funds provided by other Agencies by means of a reimbursable agreement.

** Includes $75,973 for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants/Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Grants.

† Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

‡ Excludes OD and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts. 

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program

Research 

Management 

Support 

4.0%

Cardiovascular 

Sciences 

55.7%

Cardiovascular 

Sciences 

62.1%

Lung 

Diseases 

23.2%

Blood 

Diseases 

and Resources 

14.7%

For detailed data on FY 2012:

• Research grants, see Chapters 9 and 11.

• Research and development contracts, see Chapters 10 and 11.

• Research training and career development, see Chapter 13.

• Geographic distribution of awards, see Chapter 14.

Lung 

Diseases 

20.8% Blood 

Diseases 

and Resources 

13.2%

Intramural 

Laboratory and 

Clinical Research 

6.3%
NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

66

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2012

Program Obligated Dollars (Thousands) Percent of NHLBI Extramural Budget

Cardiovascular Sciences $1,699,972 62.1%

Lung Diseases 635,390 23.2

Blood Diseases and Resources 402,636 14.7

Total, Extramural Obligations $2,737,998 100%

NHLBI Cardiovascular Sciences Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2012

Funding Mechanism Obligated Dollars (Thousands) Percent of Program Budget

Research Project Grants $1,269,913 74.7%

SCCORs and P50 Centers 14,105 0.8

Other Research Centers Grants 11,515 0.7

Other Research Grants 77,978 4.6

Research Career Programs* 39,171 2.3

Training Programs 56,493 3.3

Research and Development Contracts 269,968 15.9

Total, Cardiovascular Sciences $1,699,972 100%

NHLBI Lung Diseases Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2012

Funding Mechanism Obligated Dollars (Thousands) Percent of Program Budget

Research Project Grants $516,804 81.3%

SCCORs and P50 Centers 12,944 2.0

Other Research Centers Grants 2,888 0.5

Other Research Grants 56,727 8.9

Research Career Programs* 27,155 4.3

Training Programs 23,381 3.7

Research and Development Contracts 22,646 3.6

Total, Lung Diseases $635,390 100%

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2012

Funding Mechanism Obligated Dollars (Thousands) Percent of Program Budget

Research Project Grants $305,766 75.9%

Other Research Center Grants 18,555 4.6

Centers for AIDS Research 3,428 0.9

Other Research Grants 21,654 5.4

Research Career Programs* 13,851 3.4

Training Programs 13,444 3.3

Research and Development Contracts 39,789 9.9

Total, Blood Diseases and Resources $402,636 100%

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.
67

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

8. Long-Term Trends

A TQ=Transition Quarter, July 1–September 30, 1976.

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2012

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal 

Year

Budget Estimate 

to Congress

House 

Allowance

Senate 

Allowance Appropriation Obligations

Cumulative Fiscal 

Year Obligations

1950 $ 34,630 $  11,575 $  29,117 $ 16,075 $   15,768 $  15,768

1951 8,800 8,800 9,400 9,400 8,497 24,265

1952 10,237 10,074 10,156 10,083 9,850 34,115

1953 9,779 9,623 12,000 12,000 11,398 45,513

1954 11,040 12,000 15,418 15,168 14,952 60,465

1955 14,570 16,168 17,168 16,668 16,595 77,060

1956 17,454 17,398 23,976 18,808 18,838 95,898

1957 22,106 25,106 33,396 33,396 32,392 128,290

1958 33,436 33,436 38,784 35,936 35,973 164,263

1959 34,820 36,212 49,529 45,613 45,468 209,731

1960 45,594 52,744 89,500 62,237 61,565 271,296

1961 63,162 71,762 125,166 86,900 86,239 357,535

1962 97,073 105,723 160,000 132,912 110,849 468,384

1963 126,898 143,398 149,498 147,398 120,597 588,981

1964 130,108 129,325 130,545 132,404 117,551 706,532

1965 125,640 124,521 125,171 124,824 124,412 830,944

1966 141,412 146,212 143,462 141,462 141,171 972,115

1967 148,407 154,770 164,770 164,770 164,342 1,136,457

1968 167,954 167,954 177,954 167,954 162,134 1,298,591

1969 169,735 164,120 172,120 166,928 161,834 1,460,425

1970 160,513 160,513 182,000 171,257 160,433 1,620,858

1971 171,747 178,479 203,479 194,901 194,826 1,815,684

1972 195,492 211,624 252,590 232,627 232,577 2,048,261

1973 255,280 300,000 350,000 300,000 255,722 2,303,983

1974 265,000 281,415 320,000 302,915 327,270 2,631,253

1975 309,299 321,196 330,000 327,996 327,953 2,959,206

1976 324,934 329,079 379,059 370,096 368,648 3,327,854

TQA 59,715 58,015 58,015 58,763 60,639 3,388,493

1977 342,855 380,661 420,661 396,661 396,857 3,785,350

1978 403,642 432,642 456,000 447,901 447,968 4,233,318

1979 454,336 485,584 485,584 510,134 510,080 4,743,398

1980 507,344 527,544 527,544 527,544 527,248 5,270,646

1981 532,799 560,264 565,264 549,693 550,072 5,820,718

1982 579,602 583,831 587,741 559,637 559,800 6,380,518

1983 577,143 620,947 624,542 624,259 624,260 7,004,778

1984 639,774 665,859 683,489 704,939 705,064 7,709,842

1985 718,852 764,135 807,149 805,269 803,810 8,513,652

1986 775,254 856,388 863,652 859,239 821,901 9,335,553

1987 785,697 921,410 921,502 930,001 929,982 10,265,535

1988 821,887 990,808 1,000,349 965,536 965,283 11,230,818

1989 1,054,503 1,018,983 1,056,003 1,045,985 1,045,508 12,276,326

1990 1,039,846 1,090,930 1,091,597 1,072,354 1,070,683 13,347,009
68

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2012 (Continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal 

Year

Budget Estimate 

to Congress

House 

Allowance

Senate 

Allowance Appropriation Obligations

Cumulative Fiscal 

Year Obligations

1991 1,112,502 1,135,589 1,137,235 1,126,942 1,125,915 14,472,924

1992 1,209,924 1,202,398 1,190,396 1,191,500 1,190,070 15,662,994

1993 1,245,396 1,228,455 1,228,455 1,214,693 1,214,693 16,877,687

1994 1,198,402 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,852 18,155,539

1995 1,266,961 1,259,590 1,259,590 1,258,472 1,314,969 19,470,508

1996 1,337,021 1,355,866 1,320,254B 1,355,866 1,351,422C 20,821,930

1997 1,320,555D 1,438,265 1,344,742D 1,432,529E 1,431,821 22,253,751

1998 1,467,189 1,513,004 1,531,898 1,531,061F 1,526,276 23,780,027

1999 1,709,328G 1,720,344 1,793,697 1,793,697F 1,788,008 25,568,035

2000 1,759,806 1,937,404 2,001,185 2,040,291F 2,027,286 27,595,321

2001 2,069,582 2,328,102 2,328,105 2,299,866H 2,298,035 29,893,356

2002 2,567,429 2,547,675 2,618,966 2,576,125I 2,569,794 32,463,150

2003 2,791,411 2,812,011 2,818,684 2,812,011J 2,793,681 35,256,831

2004 2,867,995 2,867,995 2,897,595 2,882,715K 2,882,601 38,139,432

2005 2,963,953 2,963,953 2,985,900 2,965,453 2,922,573L 41,062,005

2006 2,951,270 2,951,270 3,023,381 2,951,270J 2,893,527 43,955,532

2007 2,901,012 2,901,012 2,924,299 2,921,757 2,922,322L 46,877,854

2008 2,894,341 2,965,775 2,992,197 2,974,900E 2,937,333 49,815,187

2009 2,924,942 3,025,500 3,006,344 3,015,689 3,014,552 52,829,739

2010 3,050,356 3,123,403 3,066,827 3,096,916 3,093,501 55,923,240

2011 3,187,516 —M 3,182,524 3,069,723M 3,069,550 58,992,790

2012 3,147,992 —M 3,036,189 3,076,115M 3,050,959 62,043,749

B Senate Allowance reflects the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission 

and the HHS rescission.

C Obligations reflect the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission, the 

HHS rescission, and a transfer to other NIH Institutes through the NIH Director’s 

1 percent transfer authority.

D Excludes funds for AIDS research activities consolidated in the NIH Office of 

AIDS Research (OAR).

E Excludes enacted administrative reduction.

F Excludes Director transfer, Secretary transfer, and rescission.

G Includes Bioterrorism reduction.

H Excludes Office of Human Research Protection transfer, Secretary 

transfer, and rescission.

I Excludes Government-wide rescission, Labor/HHS/Education rescission, from 

HHS to OMB rescission, and Secretary 1 percent transfer.

J Excludes Government-wide rescission.

K Includes Roadmap adjustments.

L Includes Roadmap Transfer and Government-wide rescission.

M House allowance not provided.
69

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Current Dollars

Note: Beginning in 2007, the WHI funds are included in the “Heart” category and the Sleep Disorders Research funds are included in the “Lung” category. 

Previously they were reported separately.

Current Dollars (Millions)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fiscal Year

1,500

1,000

500

0

3,500

2,500

3,000

2,000

Research Management

and Support

Blood

Intramural Research

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2002–2012*

Constant 2002 Dollars

* This chart is based on the Biomedical Research & Development Price Index through 2012.

Note: Beginning in 2007, the WHI funds are included in the “Heart” category and the Sleep Disorders Research funds are included in the “Lung” category. 

Previously they were reported separately.

Constant 2002 Dollars (Millions)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fiscal Year

1,500

1,000

500

0

3,000

2,500

2,000

Research Management

and Support

Blood

Intramural Research

TOTAL

Heart

Lung
70

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Current Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Extramural Research

 Heart $1,412.4 $1,538.8 $1,604.7 $1,599.6 $1,582.7 $1,624.9 $1,652.2 $1,659.2 $1,769.1 $1,736.2 $1,700.0

 Lung 535.2 590.5 596.0 628.2 610.3 597.6 572.2 627.8 629.9 635.5 635.4

 Blood 396.0 419.3 429.2 439.5 434.9 429.7 426.2 431.7 389.2 383.2 402.6

Intramural Research 146.7 157.8 164.2 166.3 168.3 169.5 177.5 181.7 186.2 192.1 191.8

Research Management 

and Support

79.4 87.3 88.5 89.0 97.2 100.6 109.2 114.1 119.1 122.6 121.2

Total $2,569.7 $2,793.7 $2,882.6 $2,922.6 $2,893.4 $2,922.3 $2,937.3 $3,014.5 $3,093.5 $3,069.6 $3,051.0

Note: From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Heart” line. The Sleep Disorders Research was 

reported separately from 1996 to 2006. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Lung” line.

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Constant 2002 Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Extramural Research

 Heart $1,412.4 $1,482.5 $1,487.2 $1,423.1 $1,342.4 $1,325.4 $1,283.8 $1,244.7 $1,284.7 $1,234.4 $1,190.5

 Lung 535.2 568.9 552.4 558.9 517.6 487.4 444.6 471.0 457.4 452.0 445.0

 Blood 396.0 403.9 397.8 391.0 368.9 350.5 331.2 323.9 282.6 272.3 281.9

Intramural Research 146.7 152.0 152.2 148.0 142.7 138.3 137.9 136.3 135.2 136.6 134.3

Research Management 

and Support

79.4 84.1 82.0 79.2 82.4 82.1 84.8 85.6 86.5 87.2 84.9

Total $2,569.7 $2,691.4 $2,671.5 $2,600.2 $2,454.1 $2,383.6 $2,282.3 $2,261.5 $2,246.6 $2,182.6 $2,136.6

* This chart is based on the Biomedical Research & Development Price Index through 2012.

Note: From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Heart” line. The Sleep Disorders Research was 

reported separately from 1996 to 2006. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Lung” line.
71

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Research Grants* $2,006.2 $2,172.3 $2,257.3 $2,310.2 $2,275.9 $2,263.1 $2,216.9 $2,261.0 $2,310.3 $2,288.6 $2,312.3

Research and Development (R&D) Contracts258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6 262.8 295.8 338.8 361.1 379.9 368.3 332.4

Training Programs 79.2 85.8 87.1 88.4 89.2 93.3 94.9 96.6 98.0 98.0 93.3

Intramural Research and 

Research Management 

and Support**

226.1 245.1 252.7 255.4 265.6 270.1 286.7 295.8 305.3 314.6 313.0

Total $2,569.8 $2,793.7 $2,882.6 $2,922.6 $2,893.5 $2,922.3 $2,937.3 $3,014.5 $3,093.5 $3,069.5 $3,051.0

* Includes Research Career Programs.

**Excludes Office of the Director and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Fiscal Year

Staff 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

FTEs* 880 880 861 796 797 814 846 856 876 876 886

* Full-time equivalents.

* Includes Research Career Programs.

**Excludes Office of the Director and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.

Dollars (Millions)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fiscal Year

1,500

1,000

500

0

2,500

2,000

Training Programs

Intramural Research and

Research Management

and Support**

Research Grants*

Research and

Development (R&D)

Contracts
72

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

* Includes Research Career Programs.

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Percent of Extramural Funds

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fiscal Year

60

50

40

30

10

20

0

80

70

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)

Investigator-Initiated

Grants*

Percent of Extramural Funds

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fiscal Year

25

20

15

10

5

0

35

30

Grants

R&D Contracts

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)
73

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* $1,521.4 $1,616.1 $1,716.8 $1,747.2 $1,747.0 $1,719.3 $1,742.1 $1,765.5 $1,865.9 $1,842.8 $1,892.2

Research Career Programs 63.5 65.8 67.8 71.0 70.4 55.4 78.7 84.6 68.0 79.1 80.2

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards

1,584.9 1,681.9 1,784.6 1,818.2 1,817.3 1,774.7 1,820.8 1,850.1 1,933.9 1,921.9 1,972.4

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 421.3 490.4 472.5 492.1 458.6 488.2 396.1 410.9 376.4 366.7 419.3

Centers** 128.2 138.9 140.6 151.5 141.1 141.0 107.3 90.1 72.6 55.9 63.4

R&D Contracts (RFP) 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6 262.9 295.8 338.8 361.1 379.9 368.3 332.4

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated 

Awards

679.6 780.9 758.0 760.7 721.4 784.0 734.9 772.0 756.3 735.0 751.7

Training

Individual Awards 9.5 8.6 8.8 9.7 10.0 8.2 9.0 10.3 11.7 10.6 9.6

Institutional Awards 69.7 77.2 78.4 78.7 79.1 85.1 85.8 86.2 86.3 87.4 83.7

Subtotal, Training 79.2 85.8 87.2 88.4 89.2 93.3 94.8 96.5 98.0 98.0 93.3

Total, Extramural $2,343.7 $2,548.6 $2,629.8 $2,667.3 $2,628.0 $2,652.0 $2,650.5 $2,718.6 $2,788.2 $2,754.9 $2,817.4

* Includes all R18s.

**Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs) and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* 64.9% 63.4% 65.3% 65.5% 66.5% 64.8% 65.7% 64.9% 66.9% 66.9% 67.2%

Research Career Programs 

(K04, K06)

2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.1 3.0 3.1 2.4 2.9 2.8

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards

67.6 66.0 67.9 68.2 69.2 66.9 68.7 68.1 69.4 69.8 70.0

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 18.0 19.2 18.0 18.4 17.5 18.4 14.9 15.1 13.5 13.3 14.9

Centers** 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.4 5.3 4.0 3.3 2.6 2.0 2.3

R&D Contracts (RFP) 11.0 11.4 10.9 10.1 10.0 11.2 12.8 13.3 13.6 13.4 11.8

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated 

Awards

29.0 30.6 28.8 28.5 27.5 29.6 27.7 28.4 27.1 26.7 26.7

Training

Individual Awards 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

Institutional Awards 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.0

Subtotal, Training 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.3

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

* Includes all R18s.

**Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs) and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.
74

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Research Grants* $1,878.0 $2,033.4 $2,116.5 $2,158.8 $2,134.9 $2,121.9 $2,109.6 $2,170.9 $2,237.7 $2,232.7 $2,328.3

Centers 128.2 138.9 140.6 151.5 141.1 141.0 107.3 90.1 72.6 55.9 63.4

R&D Contracts 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6 262.9 295.8 338.8 361.1 379.9 368.3 332.4

Research Training 79.2 85.8 87.2 88.4 89.2 93.3 94.8 96.5 98.0 98.0 93.3

Total, Extramural $2,343.7 $2,548.6 $2,629.8 $2,667.3 $2,628.0 $2,652.0 $2,650.5 $2,718.6 $2,788.2 $2,754.9 $2,817.4

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

Dollars (Millions)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fiscal Year

1,500

1,000

500

0

2,500

2,000

Centers

R&D Contracts

Research Training

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)
75

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Research Grants* 80.1% 79.8% 80.5% 80.9% 81.2% 80.0% 79.6% 79.9% 80.3% 81.0% 82.6%

Centers 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.4 5.3 4.0 3.3 2.6 2.0 2.3

R&D Contracts (RFP) 11.0 11.4 10.9 10.1 10.0 11.2 12.8 13.3 13.6 13.4 11.8

Research Training 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.3

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fiscal Year

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

90

80

Centers

R&D Contracts

Research Training

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2012

Number of 

Grants

Total Cost (Dollars 

in Thousands)

Percent of Total NHLBI 

Research Grant Dollars

Research Project Grants (RPGs)

 Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs)

 Regular Research Grants (R01) 2,773 $1,323,519 57.26%

 Program Project Grants (P01) 149 313,862 13.58

 Cooperative Agreements (U01) 191 222,452 9.62

 Explorative Developmental Grant (R21) 304 63,479 2.75

 Method to Extend Research in Time (R37) 70 30,973 1.34

 Exploratory/Developmental Grants Phase II (R33) 4 2,843 0.12

 Clinical Trial Planning Grant (R34) 27 8,883 0.38

 Clinical Planning Grant Cooperative Agreement (U34) 4 2,101 0.09

 Academic Research Enhancement Award (R15) 12 4,821 0.21

 Research Transition Award (R00) 83 20,404 0.88

 Cooperative Agreements (U19) 2 5,218 0.23

 Small Research Grants (R03) 19 1,486 0.06

 NIH Director’s Pioneer Award (DP1) 3 2,252 0.10

 Exploratory/Developmental Cooperative Agreements Phase I (UH2) 2 957 0.04

 Multi-Component Research Project Cooperative Agreements (UM1) 10 13,259 0.57

 Subtotal, Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs) 3,653 2,016,509 87.23

 Small Business Research Project Grants

 Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase I) (R41) 15 5,095 0.22

 Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase II) (R42) 10 4,574 0.20

 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase I) (R43) 75 18,942 0.82

 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase II) (R44) 67 47,362 2.05

 Subtotal, Small Business Research Project Grants 167 75,973 3.29

Subtotal, Research Project Grants 3,820 2,092,482 90.52

Research Centers Grants 

 Centers of Research Programs (P50) 30 34,162 1.48

 Specialized Centers (Cooperative Agreements) (U54) 2 8,142 0.35

 Translational Research Centers in Thrombotic and Hemostatis Disorders (U54) 5 11,442 0.49

 National Swine Research and Resource Center (U42) — 1,440 0.06

 Animal Model and Biological Material Resource Grants (U40) 1 903 0.04

 Anchoring Metabolomic Changes to Phenotype (P20) 4 2,899 0.13

 Center for AIDS Research (P30) — 3,428 0.15

 Center Core Grants (P30) 5 1,019 0.04

Subtotal, Research Centers Grants 47 63,435 2.55

Research Career Programs 

 Mentored Career Development Award to Promote Faculty Diversity in 

 Biomedical Research (K01)

46 5,891 0.25

 Mentored Career Award for Faculty at Minority Serving Institutions (K01) 4 546 0.02

 Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research Ethics (K01) — 67 —

 Independent Scientist Award (K02) 17 1,653 0.07

 Innovators in Hemoglobinopathies Care Career Development Award (K07) 2 533 0.02

 Clinical Investigator Scientist Award (K08) 189 24,514 1.06

 Clinical Hematology Research Career Development Program (K12) 6 2,325 0.10

 Genetics and Genomics of Lung Disease Career Development Program (K12) 8 2,244 0.10

 Career Development in Vascular Medicine Research Program (K12) 6 959 0.04

 Clinical Research Career Development Programs in Emergency Medicine (K12) 6 3,065 0.13

 Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research (K18) 3 392 0.02

 Career Transition Award (K22) 3 700 0.03

 Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23) 164 23,027 1.00

 Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24) 36 6,079 0.26

 Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (K25) 16 2,304 0.10

 Career Transition Award (K99) 56 5,877 0.25

Subtotal, Research Career Programs 562 80,176 3.47

Other Research Grants

 Cooperative Clinical Research (U10, R10) 59 46,075 1.99

 Minority Biomedical Research Support (S06, SC1, SC2) 10 2,199 0.10

 Other (D43, R13, R18, R24, R25, T15, U24, UH1) 110 27,161 1.18

Subtotal, Other Research Grants 179 75,435 3.26

Total, NHLBI Research Grants 4,608 $2,311,529 100%
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category

NHLBI Research Project Grants, Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Dollars (Thousands)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Research 

Project 

Grants*

$1,779,573 $1,920,201 $2,003,769 $2,042,050 $2,011,049 $1,986,692 $1,983,633 $2,039,861 $2,108,524 $2,079,920 $2,092,482

Research 

Centers 

Grants

128,161 138,941 140,600 151,495 141,086 141,034 107,393 90,152 72,566 55,931 63,436

Other 

Research 

Grants**

98,460 113,172 112,785 116,713 123,802 135,284 125,942 131,001 129,245 152,772 155,661

Total $2,006,194 $2,172,314 $2,257,154 $2,310,258 $2,275,937 $2,263,010 $2,216,968 $2,261,014 $2,310,335 $2,288,623 $2,311,529 

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R33, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 beginning in 2008; R34 and 

U34 beginning in 2010; and UH2 and UM1 beginning in 2011.

** Includes Research Career Programs; excludes General Research Support Grants.

Research 

Centers Grants 

2.6% Research 

Project Grants 

90.5%

Other 

Research 

Grants 

3.3%

Research 

Career Programs 

3.5%

NHLBI Research Project Grants, Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 2002–2012

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R33, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 beginning in 2008; R34 and 

U34 beginning in 2010; and UH2 and UM1 beginning in 2011.

**Includes Research Career Programs; excludes General Research Support Grants.

Dollars (Millions)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year

2,000

1,600

1,200

800

400

0

2,400

Research Project Grants*

Research Centers Grants

Other Research Grants**
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications:* Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Number Reviewed and Awarded

Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Applications Reviewed 3,064 3,098 3,548 3,865 4,412 4,504 4,492 4,373 4,528 4,931 5,211

Applications Awarded 1,018 1,064 1,034 909 871 943 997 968 903 856 768

Percent Funded (Success Rate) 33.2 34.3 29.1 23.5 19.7 20.9 22.2 22.1 19.9 17.4 14.7

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R33, and R37; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 beginning in 2008; R34 and U34 beginning in 

2010; and UH2 and UM1 beginning in 2011.

Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate)

Number of Applications

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fiscal Year

3,000

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

5,500

5,000

4,500

4,000

3,500

2,500

Reviewed

Awarded

Percent

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fiscal Year

25

20

15

10

5

0

50

30

35

45

40
80

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Investigator-Initiated* $1,584.9 $1,681.9 $1,773.4 $1,822.9 $1,802.1 $1,774.8 $1,820.8 $1,850.1 $1,950.9 $1,921.9 $1,892.2

Institute-Initiated** 421.3 490.4 483.8 487.3 473.8 488.2 396.1 410.9 359.5 366.7 419.3

Total $2,006.2 $2,172.3 $2,257.2 $2,310.2 $2,275.9 $2,263.0 $2,216.9 $2,261.0 $2,310.4 $2,288.6 $2,311.5

* Includes RPGs, SBIRs/STTRs, Research Career Programs, and Other Research.

**Includes RPGs, Centers Grants, Research Career Programs, Other Research, and Cooperative Agreement RFAs.

* Includes RPGs, SBIRs/STTRs, Research Career Programs, and Other Research.

**Includes RPGs, Centers Grants, Research Career Programs, Other Research, and Cooperative Agreement RFAs.

Dollars (Millions)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year

1,200

800

600

400

200

0

2,200

2,000

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,000

Institute-Initiated

Research Grants** 

Investigator-Initiated

Research Grants*
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Project Grants:* Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Competing

New Competing $ 291.2 $ 285.5 $ 290.5 $ 270.0 $ 242.9 $ 330.9 $ 314.2 $ 340.2 $ 330.5 $ 353.1 $ 314.8

Renewal Competing 143.9 177.2 185.5 176.1 168.3 169.4 196.9 172.6 171.0 131.6 111.4

Competing 

Supplements

2.3 1.0 1.3 1.7 0.4 — 1.7 0.3 0.3 — 0.2

Subtotal, Competing 437.4 463.7 477.3 447.8 411.6 500.3 512.8 513.1 501.8 484.7 426.4

Noncompeting

Subtotal, Noncompeting 1,281.3 1,390.3 1,454.9 1,520.0 1,527.0 1,486.4 1,470.8 1,526.8 1,606.7 1,595.2 2,092.4

Total, Competing and 

Noncompeting $1,718.7 $1,854.0 $1,932.2 $1,967.8 $1,938.6 $1,986.7 $1,983.6 $2,039.9 $2,108.5 $2,079.9 $2,518.8

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R33, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 beginning in 2008; R34 and 

U34 beginning in 2010; and UH2 and UM1 beginning in 2011.

Facility and Administrative (F&A) Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants:* 

Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year Direct Cost F&A Cost Total Cost

F&A Cost as a 

Percent of Direct Cost

2002 1,182,408 536,324 1,718,732 45.4

2003 1,276,819 577,131 1,853,950 45.2

2004 1,329,106 603,133 1,932,239 45.4

2005 1,355,803 612,007 1,967,810 45.1

2006 1,334,406 604,183 1,938,589 45.3

2007 1,378,134 608,558 1,986,692 44.2

2008 1,376,276 607,357 1,983,633 44.1

2009 1,410,033 629,828 2,039,861 44.7

2010 1,459,211 649,313 2,108,524 44.5

2011 1,429,935 649,985 2,079,920 45.5

2012 1,450,958 641,524 2,092,482 44.2

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R33, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 beginning in 2008; R34 and 

U34 beginning in 2010; and UH2 and UM1 beginning in 2011.
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Project Grants:* Average Costs, Fiscal Years 2002–2012

NHLBI Research Project Grants:* Average Costs, Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Noncompeting $418.8 $444.4 $458.7 $490.6 $503.9 $510.3 $512.4 $509.8 $532.2 $538.6 $547.8

Competing 409.1 406.7 419.7 459.9 458.1 477.8 462.0 478.2 497.9 504.9 479.2

Total $416.2 $433.8 $447.9 $484.8 $492.8 $501.7 $501.8 $501.4 $523.6 $530.3 $530.3

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R33, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 beginning in 2008; R34 and 

U34 beginning in 2010; and UH2 and UM1 beginning in 2011.

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R33, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 beginning in 2008; R34 and 

U34 beginning in 2010; and UH2 and UM1 beginning in 2011.

Dollars (Thousands)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fiscal Year

500

400

300

200

100

0

600

450

350

250

150

50

550

Noncompeting

Competing

Total
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10, U19) Programs

Cooperative Agreements were instituted to support discrete, circumscribed projects in areas of an investigator’s 

specific interest and competency with substantial programmatic participation by the NHLBI during performance of 

the activity.

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2012

Total FY 2012 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

ARIC Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS) $ 9,156,680 $ 783,518 $ 9,940,198 

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network 28,219,327 8,061,825 36,281,152 

Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial (CIRT) 1,375,726 9,607,234 10,982,960 

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL) 28,856,425 2,881,799 31,738,224 

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation 

(CABANA) Trial

9,018,518 3,015,483 12,034,001 

Center for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research 10,168,525 3,542,609 13,711,134 

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) 8,044,862 7,527,535 15,572,397 

Claudication Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization (CLEVER) 9,018,723 542,213 9,560,936 

Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on Tobacco (CHART) 6,826,745 4,579,884 11,406,629 

Cross Organ Mechanism-Associated Phenotypes for Genetic Analysis of Heart, 

Lung, Blood, and Sleep Diseases (MAPGen for HLBS) Research Centers

4,275,465 4,193,398 8,468,863 

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—Phase II 3,300,000 2,425,500 5,725,500 

Early Adult Reduction of Weight Through LifestYle Intervention (EARLY) 

Trials*

16,643,216 4,857,967 21,501,183 

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network 44,760,674 6,460,152 51,220,826 

ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With 

Medical Invasive Approaches) Trial

6,671,629 17,444,758 24,116,387 

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes 12,000,000 4,000,000 16,000,000 

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigation in Cardiovascular Medicine 31,438,403 7,097,239 38,535,642 

Next Generation Genetic Association Studies 5,855,804 10,419,521 16,275,325 

NHLBI Cardiac Development Consortium 15,276,752 6,978,522 22,255,274 

NHLBI Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium 8,957,755 3,977,556 12,935,311 

NHLBI Pediatric Translational Consortium Administrative Coordinating 

Center

10,453,976 7,394,468 17,848,444 

NHLBI Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium Research Hubs 69,302,980 26,196,688 95,499,668 

Obesity Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT)** 15,284,679 4,548,578 19,833,257 

PDE5 Inhibition With Tadalafil Changes Outcomes in Heart Failure (PITCH-HF) — 1,422,791 1,422,791 

Pediatric Heart Network 76,176,050 12,249,798 88,425,848 

Pharmacogenetics Research Network 80,953,760 6,498,845 87,452,605 

Ranolazine in Implantable Defibrillators (RAID) Trial 2,279,794 2,287,927 4,567,721 

Reducing the Impact of Hypertension in Low and Middle Income Countries — 1,258,006 1,258,006 

Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC)† 55,902,830 7,923,746 63,826,576 

Rule Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computed Assisted Tomography 

(ROMICAT II)

4,785,713 1,105,318 5,891,031 

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA) Trials 10,395,495 4,370,676 14,766,171 

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 585,400,506 183,653,554 769,054,060

Lung Diseases

Asthma Networks (AsthmaNet) 39,300,000 16,578,341 55,878,341

Genomic Research in AAT-Deficiency and Sarcoidosis Study (GRADS) — 3,204,534 3,204,534

Heart and Lung Failure-Pediatric Insulin Titration Trial (HALF-PINT) 2,685,460 2,548,137 5,233,597

Lung Repair and Regeneration Consortium — 4,910,973 4,910,973

Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract in HIV-Infected and in HIVUninfected Controls16,067,661 5,289,811 21,357,472

Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II 20,436,977 15,477,541 35,914,518

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment 30,955,719 1,958,575 32,914,294
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2012

Total FY 2012 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Lung Diseases (continued)

Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (PROP) 5,664,228 4,119,773 9,784,001

Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An Understudied Population at Great 

Risk

3,798,000 668,815 4,466,815

Randomized Trial of Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids (ALPS) 4,271,361 556,659 4,828,020

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation To Prevent 

Childhood Asthma

7,445,255 2,505,636 9,950,891

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure 9,960,315 384,556 10,344,871

Severe Asthma Research Program 5,159,933 6,066,314 11,226,247

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN) 2,174,420 724,801 2,899,221

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma (SOYA) 2,106,527 687,123 2,793,650

Trial of Late Surfactant (TOLSURF) To Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 

(BPD) 

5,572,999 1,653,180 7,226,179

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 155,598,855 67,334,769 222,933,624

Blood Diseases and Resources

Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus Removal With Adjunctive CatheterDirected Thrombolysis (ATTRACT)‡

6,516,312 2,459,244 8,975,556

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 64,390,805 4,051,982 68,442,787

Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients Requiring Temporary Interruption of 

Warfarin Therapy for an Elective Invasive Procedure or Surgery (BRIDGE) 

Trial

15,531,903 — 15,531,903

Transfusion-Associated Brain Improvement (TABI) Trial — 1,729,189 1,729,189

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 63,173,772 5,902,779 69,076,551

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 149,612,792 14,143,194 163,755,986

Total, NHLBI Cooperative Agreements $890,612,153 $265,131,517 $1,155,743,670 

* Formerly known as Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults.

** Formerly known as Translating Basic Behavior and Social Science Discoveries Into Interventions to Reduce Obesity.

†

 Formerly known as Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation Outcomes.

‡

 Formerly known as Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute DVT (ATTRACT) Trial.
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

ARIC Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

mid-life vascular risk factors and markers of macrovascular and microvascular disease are predictive of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive change in 

a large biracial ARIC cohort. 

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2012—$783,518

Fiscal Years 2010–2011—$9,156,680

Total Funding to Date—$9,940,198

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-096812

2. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-096814

3. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-096899

4. University of Minnesota 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-096902

5. University of Mississippi Medical Center 

Jackson, Mississippi —HL-096917

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial 

(CIRT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this trial is to test the inflammatory 

hypothesis of atherothrombosis by evaluating whether 

low-dose methotrexate will reduce rates of recurrent 

myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death 

among stable post-myocardial infarction patients with 

type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome—conditions with 

enhanced pro-inflammatory response.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$9,607,234

Fiscal Year 2011—$1,375,726

Total Funding to Date—$10,982,960

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts ─HL-101389

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts ─HL-101422

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this trial is to determine whether renal 

artery stenting adds value to optimal medical therapy in 

terms of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in individuals with a history of resistant hypertension and/or chronic 

kidney disease and stenosis (>60%) of one or both renal 

arteries.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$2,881,799

Fiscal Years 2004–2011—$28,856,425

Total Funding to Date—$31,738,224

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Toledo Health 

Sciences Campus 

Toledo, Ohio —HL-071556

2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072734

3. Mid-America Heart Institute of 

St. Luke Hospital 

Kansas City, Missouri —HL-072736

4. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072737

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug 

Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation (CABANA) Trial, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this trial is to determine whether percutaneous left atrial catheter ablation is superior to current 

pharmacologic therapy for eliminating atrial fibrillation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$3,015,483

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$9,018,518

Total Funding to Date—$12,034,001
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine 

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-089645

2. Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine 

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-089709

3. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-089786

4. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-089907

Center for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this program is to conduct cardiovascular outcomes research that focuses on patient- and 

clinician-relevant outcomes of health care and their 

determinants. The goal is to move clinical evidence into 

public policy and clinical practice.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$3,542,609

Fiscal Years 2010–2011—$10,168,525

Total Funding to Date—$13,711,134

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Massachusetts Medical School 

Worcester, Massachusetts —HL-105268

2. Yale University 

New Haven, Connecticut —HL-105270

3. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-107023 

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment 

Research (COPTR), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010 

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal 

Revascularization (CLEVER), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2005

The purpose of this study is to optimize physical 

functioning, increase activity levels, and reduce CVD 

risk in older individuals with peripheral artery disease. 

Investigators are determining whether aortoiliac stenting and pharmacotherapy improve maximum walking 

duration better than supervised rehabilitation, exercise, 

and pharmacotherapy for those with moderate to severe 

claudication due to aortoiliac insufficiency.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$542,213

Fiscal Years 2005–2011—$9,018,723

Total Funding to Date—$9,560,936

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Rhode Island Hospital 

Providence, Rhode Island —HL-077221

2. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-081656

Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on 

Tobacco (CHART), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Cross Organ Mechanism-Associated Phenotypes 

for Genetic Analysis of Heart, Lung, Blood, and 

Sleep Diseases (MAPGen for HLBS) Research 

Centers, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this program is to establish a 

MAPGen consortium of research centers. The consortium seeks to define common mechanism-associated 

traits across organ systems and to redefine disease by 

pathogenetic mechanisms and phenotype individuals 

based on pathobiology, rather than clinical presentation. 

This approach will provide the basis for the development of mechanism-based strategies for prevention, 

diagnosis, and treatment in individual patients. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$4,193,398

Fiscal Year 2011—$4,275,465

Total Funding to Date—$8,468,863

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-108630

2. University of Southern California 

Los Angeles, California —HL-108634

3. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-108636

4. Yale University 

New Haven, Connecticut —HL-108638

5. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-108642

6. Stanford University 

Menlo Park, California —HL-108647
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—

Phase II, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Early Adult Reduction of Weight Through 

LifestYle Intervention (EARLY) Trials,* 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Ischemia (International Study of Comparative

Health Effectiveness With Medical Invasive 

Approaches) Trial, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this trial is to determine whether 

optimal medical therapy plus cardiac catheterization 

followed by complete revascularization is superior to 

optimal medical therapy alone as the management strategy for patients with moderate-severe ischemia on stress 

imaging. Cost-effectiveness will also be assessed.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$17,444,758

Fiscal Year 2011—$6,671,629

Total Funding to Date—$24,116,387

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-105462

2. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-105561

3. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-105565

4. New York University School of Medicine 

New York, New York —HL-105907

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical 

Investigation in Cardiovascular Medicine, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Next Generation Genetic Association Studies, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate functional 

aspects of genetic variation in humans by combining 

cellular reprogramming strategies with molecular profiling or cellular assays, and then integrating the information with existing genotypic and clinical phenotypic data 

to assess how naturally occurring human genetic variation influences the activities of biological networks in 

cell-based models of disease. Researchers are seeking 

to develop the technology needed for high-throughput 

iPS cell line generation and differentiation and will use 

the technology to follow up on genomic associations 

with additional mechanistic information gained from 

cellular models of disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$10,419,521

Fiscal Year 2011—$5,855,804

Total Funding to Date—$16,275,325

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HL-107388

2. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HL-107393

3. Scripps Research Institute 

La Jolla, California —HL-107436

4. Medical College of Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-107437

5. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-107440

6. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-107442

7. Boston University Medical Campus 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-107443

8. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-107446

* Formerly known as Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults.
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NHLBI Cardiac Development Consortium, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the regulatory 

networks controlling cardiovascular development. A consortium of multidisciplinary research teams will select key 

regulatory pathways, identify components of the pathways 

and targets, and disseminate data to the scientific community. Research results may lead to the development of 

regenerative therapies and tissue engineering approaches. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$6,978,522

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$15,276,752

Total Funding to Date—$22,255,274

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-098160

2. Harvard University Medical School 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-098166

3. J. David Gladstone Institutes 

San Francisco, California —HL-098179

4. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-098180

NHLBI Pediatric Cardiac Genomics 

Consortium, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to conduct clinical and 

translational research on genetic causes of congenital 

heart disease and genetic contributions to outcomes in 

individuals with congenital heart disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$3,977,556

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$8,957,755

Total Funding to Date—$12,935,311

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Mount Sinai School of Medicine 

New York, New York —HL-098123

2. Children’s Hospital Boston 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-098147

3. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-098153

4. Yale University 

New Haven, Connecticut —HL-098162

5. Columbia University Health Sciences 

New York, New York —HL-098163

NHLBI Pediatric Translational Consortium 

Administrative Coordinating Center, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009 

The purpose of this Coordinating Center is to provide administrative support for the Cardiovascular 

Development Consortium and the Pediatric Cardiac 

Genomics Consortium, monitor multicenter patient recruitment by the Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium, 

and administer funds to consortium-wide cores. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$7,394,468

Fiscal Years 2009–2010—$10,453,976

Total Funding to Date—$17,848,444

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. New England Research Institute, Inc. 

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-98188

NHLBI Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium 

Research Hubs, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to establish virtual 

research hubs that focus on progenitor cell biology. 

Investigators are seeking to identify and characterize 

progenitor cell lineages, direct differentiation of stem 

and progenitor cells to desired cell fates, and develop 

new strategies to address the unique challenges presented by the transplantation of progenitor cells. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$26,196,688

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$69,302,980

Total Funding to Date—$95,499,668

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-099656

2. Morgridge Institute for Research, Inc. 

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-099773

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-099775

4. Stanford University 

Menlo Park, California —HL-099776

5. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-099993

6. Stanford University 

Menlo Park, California —HL-099995

7. University of Maryland

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-099997
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8. Stanford University 

Menlo Park, California —HL-099999

9. Children’s Hospital Boston 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-100001

10. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-100395

11. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-100397

12. Vanderbilt University 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-100398

13. University of Texas Southwestern 

Medical Center 

Dallas, Texas —HL-100401

14. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-100402

15. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-100405

16. J. David Gladstone Institutes 

San Francisco, California —HL-100406

17. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-100407

18. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-100408

Obesity Related Behavioral Intervention Trials 

(ORBIT),* Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to translate findings from 

basic research on human behavior into more effective 

clinical, community, and population interventions to 

reduce obesity and improve obesity-related behaviors. 

Investigators are seeking to develop innovative obesityreducing strategies that are effective in small-scale 

trials, acceptable to target populations of interest, and 

are ready for testing in large-scale randomized clinical 

and community trials. Some of the projects are expected 

to have 50–100 percent participation from minority 

populations. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$4,548,578

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$15,284,679

Total Funding to Date—$19,833,257

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Weill Medical College of 

Cornell University 

New York, New York —HL-097843

2. Wayne State University 

Detroit, Michigan —HL-097889

3. Rush University Medical Center 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-097894

4. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-097973

PDE5 Inhibition With Tadalafil Changes 

Outcomes in Heart Failure (PITCH-HF)), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2012

The purpose of this study is to test the safety and 

efficacy of tadalafil, a pulmonary vasodilator and phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, in patients with 

heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), specifically an LVEF less than 40%, and 

secondary pulmonary hypertension.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$1,422,791

Total Funding to Date—$1,422,791 

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-105562

2. New England Research Institute, Inc. 

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-105563

Pediatric Heart Network, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this program is to establish a network 

of multidisciplinary, collaborative research groups to 

study how genetic variation contributes to interindividual differences in responses to medications. Four 

studies under this initiative are investigating the pharmacogenetics of heart, lung, and blood diseases. One of 

the projects has 38 percent minority participation. The 

Pharmacogenetics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) has 

been established to integrate information obtained from 

pharmacogenomics, phenotypes, and genotypes.

* Formerly known as Translating Basic Behavioral and Social Sciences Discoveries Into Interventions To Reduce Obesity.
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Obligations 

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$6,498,845

Fiscal Years 2001–2011—$80,953,760

Total Funding to Date—$87,452,605

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065899

2. Vanderbilt University 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-065962

3. Children’s Hospital and Research Center 

Oakland, California —HL-069757

4. University of Maryland 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-105198

Ranolazine in Implantable Defibrillators (RAID) 

Trial, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine 

whether ranolazine will reduce the risk of ventricular 

arrhythmias and improve survival in high-risk patients 

who already have an implantable cardiac defibrillator. 

Currently, very few options are available for treating 

patients at risk for ventricular arrhythmias—which 

often leads to death—and ranolazine may be a safe and 

effective treatment.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$2,287,927

Fiscal Years 2010–2011—$2,279,794

Total Funding to Date—$4,567,721

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Rochester

Rochester, New York —HL-096607

2. University of Rochester

Rochester, New York —HL-096610

Reducing the Impact of Hypertension in Low 

and Middle Income Countries, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2012

The purpose of this study is to support effective interventions that will provide sound scientific evidence for 

expanding sustainable blood pressure prevention and 

control programs in low- and middle-income countries 

at the local, regional, and national levels.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$1,258,006

Total Funding to Date—$1,258,006

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-114180

2. Tulane University of Louisiana 

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-114197

3. New York University School of Medicine 

New York, New York —HL-114198

4. Mount Sinai School of Medicine 

New York, New York — HL-114200

Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC),* 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Rule Out Myocardial Infarction Using 

Computed Assisted Tomography (ROMICAT II), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

using cardiac computed assisted tomography early in 

the emergency department triage will enable immediate 

and safe discharge without further testing of a significant 

number of patients with acute chest pain.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$1,105,318

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$4,785,713

Total Funding to Date—$5,891,031

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-092022 

2. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-092040

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric 

Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA) Trials, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this program is to determine whether 

therapeutic hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest 

improves outcomes, including survival, in infants and 

children. Approximately 50 percent of the patients 

* Formerly known as Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation Outcomes.
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

are expected to come from racial and ethnic minority 

populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$4,370,676

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$10,395,495

Total Funding to Date—$14,766,171

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-094339

2. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-094345

Lung Diseases Program

Asthma Networks (AsthmaNet), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Genomic Research in ATT-Deficiency and 

Sarcoidosis Study (GRADS), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2012

The purposes of this study are to identify molecular abnormalities in patients with alpha-1-antitrypsin 

deficiency (ATT) or sarcoidosis through genomic and 

microbiomic analyses and to determine the relationship 

of these abnormalities to the clinical characteristics of 

patients. Clinical studies will be conducted to elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms or to identify predictors 

of disease development and progression. Many of the 

projects will have at least 50-percent participation from 

minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$3,204,534

Total Funding to Date—$3,204,534

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Vanderbilt University 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-112694

2. National Jewish Health 

Denver, Colorado —HL-112695

3. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-112696

4. Yale University 

New Haven, Connecticut —HL-112702

5. University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-112707

6. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-112708

7. University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-112711

8. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-112712

Heart and Lung Failure-Pediatric Insulin 

Titration Trial (HALF-PINT), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2011

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

safe and effective tight glycemic control can sufficiently 

reduce morbidity and mortality in children with heart 

and lung failure to justify a low risk of hypoglycemia.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$2,548,137

Fiscal Year 2011—$2,685,460

Total Funding to Date—$5,233,597

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital Boston 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-107681

2. Children’s Hospital Boston 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-108028

Lung Repair and Regeneration Consortium, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2012

The purpose of this consortium is to establish multidisciplinary teams of investigators, cutting edge technologies, innovative strategies, and new ideas to investigate 

novel hypotheses that are relevant to lung repair and 

regeneration in order to move the field of lung regeneration forward toward the development of new therapies 

for human diseases.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$4,910,973

Total Funding to Date—$4,910,973

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-110942

2. Children’s Hospital Center Cincinnati 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-110964

3. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-110967
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4. Yale University 

New Haven, Connecticut —HL-111016

5. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-111018

6. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-111054

7. University of Texas Southwestern 

Medical Center 

Dallas, Texas —HL-111146

Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract 

in HIV-Infected Individuals and HIV-Uninfected 

Controls, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to characterize the microbiome of the lung alone or in combination with the upper 

airways in HIV-infected individuals and matched HIVuninfected controls. Investigators are using molecular 

techniques to identify bacteria, and if possible, other 

organisms (e.g., viruses, cell-wall deficient organisms, 

protozoa, and fungi). Data will be used to examine the 

effects of changes in the respiratory microbiome on 

the pathogenesis and progression of HIV disease, HIVrelated respiratory complications, and anti-HIV therapies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$5,289,811

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$16,067,661

Total Funding to Date—$21,357,472

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-098957

2. George Washington University

Washington, DC —HL-098958

3. Indiana University-Purdue University, 

Indianapolis 

Indianapolis, Indiana —HL-098960

4. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-098961

5. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-098962

6. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-098964

7. University of Colorado 

Denver, Colorado —HL-098966

Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this project is to bring together 

research experts in asthma, epidemiology, statistics, 

bioinformatics, physiology, clinical trials, genetics, and 

genomics to focus on the pharmacogenetics of asthma 

treatment.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$1,958,575

Fiscal Years 2000–2011—$30,955,719

Total Funding to Date—$32,914,294

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065899

Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes 

Program (PROP), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010 

The purpose of this observational clinical study is to 

investigate hypotheses on the molecular mechanisms that 

contribute to respiratory disease risk of the premature 

newborn with the long-term goal of improving outcomes 

in the first year of life.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$4,119,773

Fiscal Years 2010–2011—$5,664,228

Total Funding to Date—$9,784,001

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Vanderbilt University 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-101456

2. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-101465

3. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-101794 

4. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-101798

5. Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 

Cincinnati 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-101800

6. University of Rochester 

Rochester, New York —HL-101813
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Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An 

Understudied Population at Great Risk, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this study is to create a network of clinical research sites with a Data Coordinating and Analysis 

Center to develop common research protocols to study the 

cardiovascular health of women in their first pregnancy 

and assess the significance of disordered breathing. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$668,815

Fiscal Years 2010–2011—$3,798,000

Total Funding to Date—$4,466,815

Current Active Organization and Grant Number 

1. Research Triangle Institute

Research Triangle, North Carolina —HD-063069

Randomized Trial of Antenatal Late Preterm 

Steroids (ALPS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this study is to determine whether antenatal corticosteroids can potentially improve lung function and reduce respiratory morbidity in newborn infants 

who are born in the late preterm period (34–36 weeks). 

Previous studies have shown that steroids improve lung 

function in very premature infants. Fifty-five percent 

of the participants are expected to come from racial and 

ethnic minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$556,659

Fiscal Years 2010–2011—$4,271,361

Total Funding to Date—$4,828,020

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. George Washington University 

Washington, DC —HL-098354

2. Columbia University Health Sciences 

New York, New York —HL-098554

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D 

Supplementation To Prevent Childhood Asthma, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is to 

determine whether supplemental vitamin D to increase 

the level of vitamin D in a pregnant woman will 

prevent asthma and allergy in her child at age 3 years. 

Investigators will recruit 870 pregnant women who are 

in the first trimester of pregnancy and randomize them 

to one of two treatment arms of a 4-year clinical trial: 

one arm being treatment with 4,000 international units 

of vitamin D in addition to typical prenatal vitamins and 

the other being treatment with typical prenatal vitamins 

alone. Currently, 80 percent of the participants are from 

racial and ethnic minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$2,505,636

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$7,445,255

Total Funding to Date—$9,950,891

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-091075

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-091528

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With 

Acute Respiratory Failure, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2008

The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is to test 

an innovative approach to sedation management that 

includes team education and consensus on the use of 

sedatives in pediatric patients supported on mechanical ventilation; team identification of each patient’s 

trajectory of illness and daily prescription of a sedation 

goal; use of a nurse-implemented goal-directed comfort 

algorithm that guides moment-to-moment titration of 

opioids and benzodiazepines; and team feedback on 

sedation management performance. Investigators have 

randomized 2,754 critically ill infants and children into 

two study groups: sedation management intervention 

and usual care. Forty-five percent of the patients are 

from racial and ethnic minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$384,556

Fiscal Years 2008–2011—$9,960,315

Total Funding to Date—$10,344,871

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital Boston 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-086649
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Severe Asthma Research Program,* Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this study is to define severe asthma at 

the molecular and cellular levels longitudinally to understand its evolution. Research findings will serve as a 

rational basis for designing mechanism-based diagnostic, 

prognostic, and treatment strategies for severe asthma.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$6,066,314

Fiscal Year 2011—$5,159,933

Total Funding to Date—$11,226,247

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. Pennsylvania State University, 

Hershey Medical Center 

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-109086

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-109146

3. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-109152

4. Wake Forest University Health Sciences 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-109164

5. University of Wisconsin, Madison 

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-109168

6. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-109172

7. University of Virginia, Charlottesville 

Charlottesville, Virginia —HL-109250

8. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-109257

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine 

whether treatment of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis with 

a nasal steroid improves asthma control. Investigators 

have randomized 380 patients with poorly controlled 

asthma and chronic rhinitis and sinusitis to a nasal 

steroid or matching placebo in addition to their regular 

asthma treatment. One third of participants are expected 

to be from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2012—$724,801

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$2,174,420

Total Funding to Date—$2,899,221

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Vermont

Burlington, Vermont —HL-089464

2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-089510

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma (SOYA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this double-blind, randomized controlled trial is to determine whether genistein supplements (soy isoflavone) improves lung function in patients

with poorly controlled asthma. The study includes 380 

patients with low dietary soy intake, ages 12 years and 

older, who are taking either inhaled corticosteroids or 

leukotriene modifiers or both and have poorly controlled 

asthma. Participants are being randomly assigned to 

treatment with either a soy isoflavone supplement (containing genistein, daidzein, and glycitein) 100 mg daily 

or to placebo for 6 months. Thirty percent of participants 

are expected to be from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2012—$687,123

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$2,106,527

Total Funding to Date—$2,793,650

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Northwestern University

Evanston, Illinois —HL-087987

2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-088367

Trial of Late Surfactant (TOLSURF) To Prevent 

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2009

The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical 

trial is to determine whether late doses of surfactant in 

addition to iNO administered to extremely low gestational age neonates (< 30 weeks) who require mechanical ventilation between 7 and 14 days of age will 

increase survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2012—$1,653,180

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$5,572,999

Total Funding to Date—$7,226,179

* The Severe Asthma Research Program began in FY 2001 and was funded under the R01 mechanism.
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Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-094338 

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-094355 

Blood Diseases and Resources

Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus 

Removal With Adjunctive Catheter-Directed 

Thrombolysis (ATTRACT),* Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2008

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

adjunctive pharmacomechanical catheter-directed 

thrombolysis (PCDT), which includes intrathrombus 

administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, can prevent post-thrombotic syndrome in patients 

with symptomatic proximal deep vein thrombosis 

(DVT). Investigators are comparing the addition of 

PCDT to optimal standard DVT therapy with optimal 

standard DVT therapy alone.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2012—$2,459,244

Fiscal Years 2008–2011—$6,516,312

Total Funding to Date—$8,975,556

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. McMaster University 

Hamilton, Ontario —HL-088118

2. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-088476

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients Requiring 

Temporary Interruption of Warfarin Therapy 

for an Elective Invasive Procedure or Surgery 

(BRIDGE) Trial, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2008

The purpose of this study is to determine the safety 

and efficacy of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) 

in adults with atrial fibrillation who stop warfarin in 

preparation for surgery. The trial randomly allocated 

3,282 patients with atrial fibrillation to either LMWH or 

placebo before and after surgery. Investigators hypothesize that simply withholding warfarin in a perioperative 

setting for patients with atrial fibrillation will not meaningfully increase the risk for arterial thromboembolism 

and will forestall hemorrhagic complications, compared 

with a strategy using LMWH before and after surgery. 

One-third of participants are expected to be from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$0

Fiscal Years 2008–2011—$15,531,903

Total Funding to Date—$15,531,903

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-086755

2. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-087229

Transfusion-Associated Brain Improvement 

(TABI) Trial, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

higher hemoglobin thresholds for transfusing extremely 

low birth weight babies born at less than 1,000 grams 

increases survival and improves long-term neurodevelopment at 18–22 months of age. The TABI trial is partnering with the NICHD Neonatal Research network and 

its 18 clinical centers. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$1,729,189

Total Funding to Date—$1,729,189

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Research Triangle Institute

Research Triangle, North Carolina —HL-112748

2. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-112776

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

* Formerly known as Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute DVT (ATTRACT) Trial.
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NHLBI Centers of Research Program (P50)

The Centers of Research Program supports specialized centers that focus on multidisciplinary research and development from basic science to clinical investigation in response to announcements of the programmatic needs of the Institute. 

The spectrum of activities comprises a multifaceted attack on a specific disease entity or biomedical problem area. 

NHLBI Centers of Research Program

Obligations (Dollars in Thousands)

Type of Center

Period of 

Operation

Prior to 

FY 2012 FY 2012 Total to Date

NIH Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities 

(CPHHD) 2010– $ 20,067 $ 6,711 $ 26,778

Subtotal, CPHHD 20,067 6,711 26,778

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research (P50)

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling (SCCOR) 2006– 71,403 2,831 74,234

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 71,403 2,831 74,234

Lung Diseases Program

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (SCCOR) 2007– 53,556 2,578 56,134

Pulmonary Vascular Disease (SCCOR) 2007– 30,218 1,516 31,734

Subtotal, Lung Diseases Program 83,774 4,094 87,868

Subtotal, SCCORs (P50) 155,177 6,925 162,102 

Centers for Advanced Diagnostics and Experimental 

Therapeutics in Lung Diseases (CADET) Phase I 2011– 9,001 8,850 17,851 

Subtotal, CADET Phase I 9,001 8,850 17,851 

NHLBI Translational Research Implementation 

Program (TRIP)

2012– — 11,676 11,676

Subtotal, TRIP — 11,676 11,676

Total, Centers of Research Program (P50) $184,245 $34,162 $218,407

NIH Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD) (P50)

The purpose of this program is to create centers of transdisciplinary research that will evaluate the multilevel 

determinants of health disparities and devise interventions to reduce them.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2012—$6,711,003

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-105184

2. Northeastern University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-105185

3. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-105187

4. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-105188

5. Rush University Medical Center

Chicago, Illinois —HL-105189
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Heart Diseases Program

Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling

The purpose of this SCCOR is to stimulate interdependent clinical and multidisciplinary basic research 

projects that investigate molecular and cellular mechanisms of vascular injury, repair, and remodeling; promote patient-oriented research that will improve our 

ability to prevent, detect, characterize, manage, and treat 

vascular diseases; and develop the skills and research 

capabilities of new clinical investigators. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2012—$2,830,751

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-083813

Lung Diseases Program

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research to accelerate progress in the diagnosis, 

prevention, and treatment of COPD.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2012—$2,578,270

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-084948

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

The objective of this SCCOR is to facilitate multidisciplinary research that proposes original hypotheses and 

applies cutting-edge approaches, including genomics and 

proteomics, to clinical issues in pulmonary vascular disease. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2012—$1,515,534

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Colorado at Denver 

Denver, Colorado —HL-084923

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research (P50)

The NHLBI initiated the Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) program in 1971 to encourage translational 

research—converting basic science findings to the clinic—in high priority areas. The SCOR concept emphasized multidisciplinary research (i.e., basic science and clinical investigations) on diseases relevant to the Institute’s mission. In 

FY 2002, the NHLBI revised its SCOR program—primarily on recommendation from the NHLBAC—to place more 

emphasis on clinical research projects. The SCCOR program still requires clinical and basic scientists to work together 

on a unified theme, but also requires at least 50 percent of the projects to be clinical. The SCOR program ended in 

FY 2008.

A description of the SCCORs supported by the Institute follows.
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NHLBI Translational Research Implementation Program (C-TRIP) (P50)

The C-TRIP program was initiated in FY 2010 to accelerate the translation of promising new therapeutic interventions derived from fundamental research discoveries for the treatment and prevention of heart failure or arrhythmias. 

The program consists of two stages. Stage 1 focused on planning and developing clinical trials to determine the safety 

and efficacy of interventions to be conducted during Stage 2 of the overall program. Stage 2 TRIP studies are supported 

by the P50 mechanism. 

Obligation

Fiscal Year 2012—$11,676,397

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-110787

2. Tufts Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-110789

3. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-110790

4. Mount Sinai School of Medicine 

New York, New York —HL-112324

5. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-112349

Centers for Advanced Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics in Lung Diseases (CADET) (P50)

The purpose of this program is to accelerate the development of novel agents for the diagnosis and treatment of 

lung diseases and sleep disordered breathing through the use of rational strategies based on fundamental pathobiologic 

processes. CADET I provides opportunities to explore potential targets for validation to determine which are 

amenable for development of mechanism-based modalities for direct clinical application in the prevention, diagnosis, 

and treatment of pulmonary diseases and sleep disordered breathing.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2012—$8,850,080

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-107159

2. University of Chicago 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-107160

3. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-107165

4. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-107166

5. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-107168

6. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-107169

7. University of Chicago 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-107171

8. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-107172

9. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-107177

10. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-107180

11. University of Alabama, Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-107181

12. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-107182

13. Washington University 

Saint Louis, Missouri —HL-107183

14. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-107185

15. University of Texas Health Center at Tyler 

Tyler, Texas —HL-107186

16. University of Arizona 

Tucson, Arizona —HL-107188

17. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-107190

18. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-107191

19. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-107192
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Translational Research Centers in Thrombotic and Hemostatic Disorders 

(TRC-THD) (U54)

The purpose of this program is to enhance the translation of basic research discoveries that have the potential to 

improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of thrombotic and hemostatic disorders. Investigators will advance 

early stage translational research, integrating applied and basic science, to move research discoveries toward clinical 

application.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2012—$11,442,192 

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL112302

2. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL112303

3. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL112307

4. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL112309

5. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL112311

Centers for AIDS Research (P30) Program

The NHLBI, along with five other NIH Institutes, contributes to the support of six Centers for AIDS Research that 

were established to provide a multidisciplinary environment that promotes basic, clinical, behavioral, and translational 

research activities in the prevention, detection, and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Almost half of the patient 

population comes from minority groups.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2012—$3,428,458

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —AI-027757

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —AI-027763

3. University of Alabama, Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —AI-027767

4. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —AI-028697

5. Baylor University 

Houston, Texas —AI-036211

6. University of California, La Jolla 

La Jolla, California —AI-036214

7. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —AI-036219

8. University of Massachusetts, Worcester 

Worcester, Massachusetts —AI-042845

9. Miriam Hospital 

Providence, Rhode Island —AI-042853

10. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —AI-045008

11. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —AI-050409

12. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —AI-050410

13. Yeshiva University 

New York, New York —AI-051519

14. Vanderbilt University 

Nashville, Tennessee —AI-054999

15. Harvard Medical School 

Boston, Massachusetts —AI-060354

16. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —AI-064518

17. University of Miami 

School of Medicine 

Coral Gables, Florida —AI-073961

18. University of Rochester 

Rochester, New York —AI-078498

19. Rush University Medical Center 

Chicago, Illinois —AI-082151

20. George Washington University 

Washington, DC —AI-087714
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Anchoring Metabolomic Changes to Phenotype Program (P20)

The purpose of this program is to gain mechanistic understanding of the molecular determinants that contribute to 

cardiovascular and lung disease phenotypes through metabolomic phenotyping of existing cohorts to help in predicting disease susceptibility, diagnosis, and risk stratification; assessing response to therapy; and assessing prognosis. 

The program will consist of two interacting components, a metabolomic component and a mechanistic component, 

each informing the other in an iterative manner.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2012—$2,899,225

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Weill Medical College of Cornell University 

New York, New York —HL-113443

2. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-113444

3. National Jewish Health 

Denver, Colorado —HL-113445

4. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-113451

5. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-113452
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NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Heart $214,971 $258,647 $245,881 $219,796 $213,320 $260,205 $296,445 $321,223 $303,251 $299,201 $269,968

Lung 16,578 11,745 14,131 20,946 25,902 15,191 20,249 17,710 47,777 25,338 22,646

Blood 26,751 20,082 25,460 27,831 23,629 20,446 22,093 22,164 28,864 43,752 39,789

Total $258,300A $290,474B $285,472C $268,573D $262,851E $295,842F $338,787G $361,097H $379,892I $368,291J $332,403K

A Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $35,827,000.

B Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $54,550,000.

C Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $57,545,722.

D Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $64,399,000.

E Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $67,795,000.

F Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $68,405,000.

G Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $77,487,000.

H Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $79,693,000.

I Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $83,834,100.

J Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $88,024,222.

K Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $86,618,720.

Note: From 2002 to 2006 the WHI was reported separately. In this table, it has been incorporated in the “Heart” line.

10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations:* Fiscal Years 2002–2012

* For detailed data on contract-supported clinical trials, see Chapter 11.

Dollars (Millions)

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005

0

Major ContractSupported Clinical

Trials

Other R&D

Contracts
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Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2012

Total FY 2012 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Follow-On 

Study (ACCORDION) $ 13,250,149 $ 5,360,712 $ 18,610,861

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) 172,181,383 16,608,970 188,790,353

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) 80,132,513 1,114,188 81,246,701

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) 109,040,284 5,149,537 114,189,821

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping 38,483,962 6,465,315 44,949,277

Framingham Heart Study (FHS) 132,373,786 8,097,951 140,471,737

Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Other 

Cardiovascular Conditions (GenTAC): National Registry 14,878,123 3,608,732 18,486,855

Global Health Centers of Excellence 17,007,036 2,664,485 19,671,521

Hispanic Community Health Study—Study of Latinos 

(HCHS-SOL) 56,644,388 318,346 56,962,734

Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support 

(INTERMACS) 13,126,195 3,941,360 17,067,555

Jackson Heart Study (JHS) 43,376,798 5,185,422 48,562,220

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 108,794,927 11,969,995 120,764,922

NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program (GTRP) 29,188,977 9,823,650 39,012,627

Proteomics Initiative 191,642,369 17,263,177 208,905,546

Pumps for Kids, Infants, and Neonates (PumpKIN)* 18,551,904 6,643,880 25,195,784

Science Moving TowArds Research Translation and Therapy 

Program (SMARTT) 4,145,344 5,573,693 9,719,037

Lung Diseases

Lung Tissue Research Consortium 37,852,716 3,905,131 41,757,847

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD 

Study (SPIROMICS) 32,697,717 2,235,206 34,932,923

Blood Diseases and Resources

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository 22,542,077 3,217,643 25,759,720

NHLBI–CDC Registry and Surveillance System in 

Hemoglobinopathies (RuSH) 10,628,679 631,637 11,260,316

Production Assistance for Cellular Therapies (PACT) 22,298,545 11,940,967 34,239,512

Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Study III (REDS-III)** 19,910,527 2,178,536 22,089,063

* See Chapter 11 for PumpKIN clinical trial.

**Formerly known as Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study.
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Heart and Vascular Diseases

Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk in 

Diabetes Follow-On Study (ACCORDION), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of the follow-up observational study 

(ACCORDION) is to obtain long-term (10 year average) 

data on the ACCORD* participants. Investigators are 

seeking to determine whether differences in mortality, 

CVD events, and microvascular diseases identified 

during the ACCORD trial persist or change over time 

and whether other differences will emerge. They will 

monitor long-term vascular outcomes from diabetes 

and the effects of glucose, blood pressure lowering, and 

lipid treatment on those outcomes.

The ACCORD was a randomized clinical trial to 

evaluate the ability of three treatment strategies (intensive glycemic control, intensive blood pressure control, 

and fibrate treatment to raise HDL-cholesterol and lower 

triglycerides) to prevent major CVD events in patients 

with type 2 diabetes who were at high risk of CVD.

After a mean 3.5 years of treatment, the intensive 

glycemic portion of the trial was stopped because 

patients in the intensive glycemic treatment group had 

an increased risk of all-cause mortality compared with 

patients in the standard treatment group even though 

they had a non-statistically significant 10 percent reduction in the composite primary outcome of nonfatal MI, 

nonfatal stroke, or CVD death. Participants in the intensive group were then transitioned to the standard treatment strategy. Initial follow-up found no overall benefit 

of intensive treatment (intensive blood pressure control 

or fibrate and statin) over standard treatment (normal 

blood pressure or statin).

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$5,360,712

Fiscal Year 2011—$13,250,149

Total Funding to Date—$18,610,861

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —26820110027C

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1985

The ARIC is an epidemiology study comprising a 

prospective cohort component and a community surveillance component. The cohort component investigates 

the etiology of CHD and stroke in 15,792 participants, 

aged 46–64 years at baseline, by race and gender in four 

U.S. communities. The community surveillance component monitors trends in hospitalized myocardial infarction, fatal CHD, and heart failure (2005–2009) from the 

same communities. 

In 2011, the study began to reexamine the cohort participants with a focus on heart failure—a major epidemic 

in the rapidly aging U.S. population. Three of the cohort 

components represent the racial mix of their respective 

communities, and the fourth is exclusively black. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$16,608,970

Fiscal Years 1985–2011—$172,181,383

Total Funding to Date—$188,790,353

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of North Carolina, 

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —268201100005C

2. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —268201100006C

3. University of North Carolina, 

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —268201100007C

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —268201100008C

5. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —268201100009C

6. Mississippi Medical Center 

Jackson, Mississippi —268201100010C

7. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —268201100011C

8. University of North Carolina, 

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —268201100012C

* Total funding for ACCORD was $142,587,546 from 1999 to 2010.
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Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1988 

The CHS is a population-based, longitudinal study 

of risk factors for development and progression of CHD 

and stroke in the elderly, 17 percent of whom are from 

minority populations. Extensive data and samples have 

been collected from nearly 6,000 participants since 

1989–1990. The current CHS: Core Support Phase 

provides partial support for an infrastructure to enable 

continued access to study resources and expertise, 

scientific collaborations, and mentorship of early-career 

investigators. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$1,114,188

Fiscal Years 1988–2011—$80,132,513

Total Funding to Date—$81,246,701

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —268200800007C

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young 

Adults (CARDIA), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1984

The CARDIA is a long-term study that examines 

the evolution of CVD risk factors, subclinical atherosclerosis, and early clinical events in persons aged 

18–30 years in 1985–1986. The study collects information on body mass index, diet, physical activity, genetics, cognitive functioning, serologic and metabolic 

components, inflammatory markers, and other subclinical measures of heart disease, pulmonary function, and 

behavioral and environmental factors. Fifty percent of 

the participants are black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$5,149,537

Fiscal Years 1984–2011—$109,040,284

Total Funding to Date—$114,189,821

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —268200900041C 

2. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-48047

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-48048

4. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-48049

5. Kaiser Permanente Division of Research 

Oakland, California —HC-48050

6. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-95095

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping Program, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to provide high-quality, 

high-volume resequencing and genotyping of candidate 

genomic regions potentially important in the disease 

pathways of heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders. The information obtained will enable ongoing 

investigations to elucidate the specific genetic components involved in the causes for, variable outcomes of, 

and progression of the diseases and disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$6,465,315

Fiscal Years 2004–2011—$38,483,962

Total Funding to Date—$44,949,277

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —268201100037C

Framingham Heart Study (FHS), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1948

The original Framingham Heart Study was designed 

as a longitudinal investigation of constitutional and environmental factors influencing the development of CVD 

in individuals free of CVD symptoms at the outset. Of 

the original 5,209 participants, about 104 are still alive. 

In 1971, the Framingham Offspring Study was initiated 

to assess familial and genetic factors associated with 

CHD. More than 5,000 offspring (and their spouses) 

were included. In 2002, a third-generation cohort consisting of approximately 4,000 grandchildren was added 

to permit examination of numerous hypotheses about 

the genetic contribution to CVD and CVD risk factors. 

Additional goals include identifying new risk factors for 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and developing 

new imaging tests that can detect very early stages of 

coronary atherosclerosis in otherwise healthy adults.

In 2009, the Omni Group 1 and Omni Group 2 

cohorts were integrated into the NHLBI contract for 

the FHS. The Omni cohorts consist of minority residents of Framingham, Massachusetts (about 500 and 
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400 participants in Omni Group 1 and Omni Group 2, 

respectively), and were previously identified, recruited, 

and examined through NHLBI investigator-initiated 

grants. They were added to the FHS to reflect the growing diversity of the community.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$8,097,951

Fiscal Years 1983–2011—$132,373,786

Total Funding to Date—$140,471,737

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Boston University Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-25195

Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic 

Aneurysms and Other Cardiovascular 

Conditions (GenTAC): National Registry, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this program is to establish a registry 

of patients with genetic conditions that may be related 

to thoracic aortic aneurysms and to collect medical data 

and biologic specimens. The specimens and database are 

available to qualified investigators for research to advance 

the clinical management of genetically induced thoracic 

aortic aneurysms and other cardiovascular complications. Individuals with 1 of 12 conditions—including 

connective tissue diseases, such as Marfan, Loeys-Dietz, 

and Ehlers Danlos (vascular type) Syndromes, Turner 

Syndrome, and bicuspid aortic valve—are eligible 

to enroll in GenTAC. To date, 3,100 individuals are 

enrolled in the registry.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$3,608,732

Fiscal Years 2006–2011—$14,878,123

Total Funding to Date—$18,486,855

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. RTI International 

Research Triangle Park,

North Carolina —268201000048C

Global Health Centers of Excellence, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this program is to support a worldwide network of research and training centers to prevent 

and control chronic cardiovascular and pulmonary 

diseases in developing countries. The NHLBI joined 

with Minneapolis-based UnitedHealth Group’s Chronic 

Disease Initiative in establishing the UnitedHealth and 

NHLBI Collaborating Centers of Excellence network. 

Each center is led by a research institution in a developing 

country that is paired with at least one partner academic 

institution in a developed country to enhance research and 

training opportunities.

Obligations

Funding History 

Fiscal Year 2012—$2,664,485

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$17,007,036

Total Funding to Date—$19,671,521

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Public Health Foundation of India 

New Delhi, India —268200900026C

2. The George Institute for 

International Health 

Beijing, China —268200900027C

3. Instituto de Nutrición de Centro 

América y Panamá 

Guatemala City, Guatemala —268200900028C

4. Institute for Clinical Effectiveness 

and Health Policy 

Buenos Aires, Argentina —268200900029C

5. University of Cape Town 

Cape Town, South Africa —268200900030C

6. Moi University School of Medicine 

Eldoret, Kenya —268200900031C

7. International Centre for Diarrhoeal 

Disease Research, Bangladesh 

Dhaka, Bangladesh —268200900032C

8. Universidad Peruana Cayetano 

Heredia

Lima, Peru —268200900033C

9. Westat

Rockville, Maryland —268200900034C

Hispanic Community Health Study—Study of 

Latinos (HCHS-SOL), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2006

The purpose of this program is to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for cardiovascular and lung 

diseases in Hispanic populations and the role of cultural 

adaptation and disparities in development of these and 

other chronic diseases. The multicenter, 6.5-year epidemiology study comprises more than 16,400 Hispanics, 

aged 18–74 years, who self-identify as being of 
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Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, or Central 

or South American heritage.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$318,346

Fiscal Years 2006–2011—$56,644,388

Total Funding to Date—$56,962,734

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Miami 

Miami, Florida —HC-65234

2. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-65236

3. San Diego State University 

San Diego, California —HC-65237

Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory 

Support (INTERMACS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2005

The INTERMACS is a national registry for patients 

who are receiving mechanical circulatory support 

device (MCSD) therapy to treat advanced heart failure. 

The registry collects and analyzes clinical and laboratory data and tissue samples from patients who receive 

MCSDs as destination therapy for end-stage heart failure at 119 participating sites. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$3,941,360

Fiscal Years 2005–2011—$13,126,195

Total Funding to Date—$17,067,555

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Alabama

Birmingham, Alabama —268201100025C

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1998

The JHS is an epidemiologic study of CVD in blacks 

in Jackson, Mississippi, similar to established studies 

in Framingham, Massachusetts, and Honolulu, Hawaii. 

The goal of the study is to identify factors related to the 

development and progression of CVD in blacks. The 

JHS conducts a variety of community education and outreach activities to promote healthy lifestyles to reduce 

disease burden. In addition, the JHS seeks to build 

research capabilities in minority institutions, address the 

critical shortage of minority investigators in epidemiology and prevention, and reduce barriers to dissemination 

and use of health information in a minority population.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$5,185,422

Fiscal Years 1998–2011—$43,376,798

Total Funding to Date—$48,562,220

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Jackson State University 

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95170

2. Mississippi Medical Center 

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95171

3. Tougaloo College 

Tougaloo, Mississippi —HC-95172

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and progression of subclinical CVD 

(i.e., disease detected noninvasively before it has produced clinical signs and symptoms). The cohort of 

6,814 participants is 38 percent white, 28 percent black, 

22 percent Hispanic, and 12 percent Asian. A fifth 

examination, completed in February 2012, included a 

repeat measurement of cardiac function with MRI to 

assess changes over time. Periodic monitoring of participants to identify recent hospitalizations and other 

clinical events will continue.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$11,969,995

Fiscal Years 1999–2011—$108,794,927

Total Funding to Date—$120,764,922

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-95159

2. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —HC-95160

3. Columbia University 

New York, New York —HC-95161

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95162

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95163

6. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-95164
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7. Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95165

8. University of Vermont

Colchester, Vermont —HC-95166

9. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95168

NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program 

(GTRP), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to promote the 

translation of basic gene therapy research into clinical 

intervention for heart, lung, and blood diseases. The 

program provides resources in the form of preclinicaland clinical-grade vector production; pharmacology 

and toxicology testing on animals; immunology testing; 

clinical trials funding assistance; and regulatory support 

for gene therapy research primarily in heart, lung, and 

blood diseases.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$9,823,650

Fiscal Years 2007–2011—$29,188,977

Total Funding to Date—$39,012,627

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Social and Scientific Systems, Inc.

Silver Spring, Maryland —268201200002I

2. Lovelace Biomedical Research and 

Education Institute 

Albuquerque, New Mexico —268201200003I

3. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —2682012000041C

4. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —268201200004I

5. Indiana University 

Indianapolis, Indiana —268201200005I

Proteomics Initiative, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this program is to establish highly 

interactive, multidisciplinary centers to enhance and 

develop innovative proteomic technologies directed to 

relevant biologic questions associated with heart, lung, 

blood, and sleep health and disease. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$17,263,177

Fiscal Years 2002–2011—$191,642,369

Total Funding to Date—$208,905,546

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —268201000031C

2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —268201000032C

3. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —268201000033C

4. Stanford University

Stanford, California —268201000034C

5. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —268201000035C

6. University of Texas

San Antonio, Texas —268201000036C

7. University of Texas

Galveston, Texas —268201000037C

Pumps for Kids, Infants, and Neonates 

(PumpKIN), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this program is to support technologies that will expand life-saving options for infants and 

children who are born with congenital heart defects or 

those who develop heart failure. Investigators are seeking to complete animal studies and other preclinical tests 

for the most promising devices in order to gain approval 

from the FDA to begin clinical testing.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2012—$6,643,880

Fiscal Years 2010–2011—$18,551,904

Total Funding to Date—$25,195,784

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —268201000012C

2. Jarvik Heart, Inc.

New York, New York —268201000013C

3. University of Maryland

Baltimore, Maryland —268201000014C

4. Ension, Inc.

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —268201000015C

Science Moving TowArds Research Translation 

and Therapy Program (SMARTT), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this program is to support the transition of potential new therapies for heart, lung, and blood 

diseases from discovery in the lab to the testing needed 

to establish their safety and effectiveness in people. The 
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SMARTT program provides tailored pharmacology and 

toxicology testing, manufacturing services, and regulatory support to investigators to expedite the transition of 

their discoveries to the clinic.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2012—$5,573,693

Fiscal Year 2011—$4,145,344

Total Funding to Date—$9,719,037

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Advanced BioScience 

Laboratories, Inc. 

Rockville, Maryland —268201100014C

2. SRI International 

Menlo Park, California —268201100015C

3. RTI International 

Research Triangle Park, 

North Carolina —268201100016C

4. SRI International 

Menlo Park, California —268201000017C

Lung Diseases

Lung Tissue Research Consortium, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium for collecting lung tissues and preparing and 

distributing them for research. Scientists are seeking 

to improve management of lung diseases by increasing 

understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of lung 

diseases through molecular histopathological studies of 

tissues with and without disease. Primary emphases are 

on COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$3,905,131

Fiscal Years 2004–2011—$37,852,716

Total Funding to Date—$41,757,847

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —268201100018C

2. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —268201100019C

3. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine 

Rochester, New York —268201100020C

4. Temple University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —268201100021C

5. National Jewish Health 

Denver, Colorado —268201100023C

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome 

Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The objectives of this study are to define pathogenetically homogeneous subgroups of COPD subjects on the 

basis of biomarkers, genotypes, and computed tomography images and to identify immediate outcome measures for use in future clinical studies. Secondary aims 

are to clarify the natural history of COPD; develop bioinformatic resources that will enable the use and sharing 

of data in studies of COPD and related diseases; and create a collection of clinical, biomarker, radiographic, and 

genetic data that can be used by external investigators 

for other studies of COPD.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2012—$2,235,206

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$32,697,717

Total Funding to Date—$34,932,923

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —268200900015C

2. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —268200900016C

3. Columbia University 

New York, New York —268200900017C

4. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —268200900018C

5. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —268200900019C

6. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —268200900020C

Blood Diseases and Resources

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen 

Repository, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1998

The purpose of this project is to establish an NHLBI 

Biological Specimen Repository for blood specimens 

from Institute-supported research. The Repository monitors storage, labeling, and testing of the specimens, and 
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Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

administers safe shipment of precise sample aliquots to 

approved investigators for future studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$3,217,643

Fiscal Years 1998–2011—$22,542,077

Total Funding to Date—$25,759,720

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. SeraCare Life Sciences, Inc. 

Rockville, Maryland —268201100031C

NHLBI–CDC Registry and Surveillance System 

in Hemoglobinopathies (RuSH), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this pilot program is to test the feasibility of developing a national data system that will 

enable investigators to estimate the number of people 

who have SCD, thalassemias, and hemoglobinopathies 

and to describe their sociodemographic characteristics. 

The Institute, along with the CDC, has created newborn screening programs with State health departments 

in California, Florida, Georgia, Michigan, New York, 

North Carolina, and Pennsylvania.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$631,637

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$10,628,679

Total Funding to Date—$11,260,316

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

Atlanta, Georgia —HR-9045

Production Assistance for Cellular Therapies 

(PACT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this program is to facilitate the transfer of innovative cellular therapies from the bench to the 

bedside. The PACT offers assistance to investigators in 

areas ranging from translational development to production of a product for use in human clinical trials.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2012—$11,940,967

Fiscal Years 2010–2011—$22,298,545

Total Funding to Date—$34,239,512

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. EMMES Corporation

Rockville, Maryland —268201000006C

2. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —268201000007C

3. University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota —268201000008C

4. Immune Disease Institutes

Boston, Massachusetts —268201000009C

5. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —268201000010C

6. Beckman Research Institutes

Duarte, California —268201000011C

Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Study-III 

(REDS-III),* Initiated in Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this program is to conduct research 

to improve transfusion practices and the safety and 

adequacy of the blood supply in the United States and in 

countries affected by the AIDS epidemic. The domestic 

component consists of four research hubs, and the international component consists of collaborators from blood 

centers in Brazil, China, and South Africa.

Building on the findings of previous REDS and REDS 

II programs, the REDS-III international program focuses 

on identifying ways to reduce and prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS and other known and emerging infectious agents through transmission.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$2,178,536

Fiscal Year 2011—$19,910,527

Total Funding to Date—$22,089,063

* Formerly known as Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study. REDS: Total funding for FY 1989–2004, $73,774,125. REDS II: Total funding 

for FY 2005–2010, $53,016,894.
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Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Blood System Research, Inc. 

San Francisco, California —268201100001

2. RTI International 

Research Triangle Park, 

North Carolina —268201100002

3. Blood Center of Southeastern 

Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —268201100003

4. Institute for Transfusion Medicine 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —268201100004

5. University of California, 

San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —268201100005

6. Yale University 

New Haven, Connecticut —268201100006

7. Blood System Research, Inc. (Brazil) 

San Francisco, California —268201100007

8. Johns Hopkins University (China) 

Baltimore, Maryland —268201100008

9. University of California, 

San Francisco (South Africa) 

San Francisco, California —268201100009
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Women’s Health Study (WHS) $ — $ — $ — $ 889 $ — $ 868 $ 875 $ 919 $ 927 $ — $ —

Women’s Antioxidant and Cardiovascular 

Study (WACS)

598 592 599 670 — — — — — — —

Stress Reduction and Atherosclerotic CVD 

in Blacks

376 394 — — — — — — — — —

Shock Trial: Should We Emergently 

Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for 

Cardiogenic Shock?

298 291 296 — — — — — — — —

Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake, and 

Blood Pressure (DASH Sodium)* **

387 376 395 — — — — — — — —

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure 

Trial (SCD-HeFT)*

1,412 1,930 — — — — — — — — —

CVD Risk and Health in Post-Menopausal 

Phytoestrogen Users

304 152 — — — — — — — — —

Prevention of Recurrent Venous 

Thromboembolism (PREVENT)

1,272 — — — — — — — — — —

PREMIER: Lifestyle Interventions for 

Blood Pressure Control*

1,505 — — — — — — — — — —

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study 

(ACES)*

1,254 1,137 — — — — — — — — —

Antiarrhythmic Effects of N-3 Fatty Acids 647 — — — — — — — — — —

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT)* 1,724 1,963 — — 963 1,452 1,277 1,270 1,033 — —

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics 

(BARI 2D)*

9,342 8,189 8,265 8,304 8,592 2,647 1,971 1,130 — — —

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart 

Surgery*

596 590 492 — — — — — — — —

Angiotensin-II Blockade in Mitral 

Regurgitation

610 629 500 — — — — — — — —

Heart Failure Adherence and Retention 

Trial (HART)

1,617 1,453 1,174 862 740 304 — — — — —

Reduction of Triglycerides in Women on 

HRT

746 555 544 721 — 625 501 — — — —

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE)* **

1,506 1,306 1,303 996 — — — — — — —

ACE Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular 

Risk Factors

694 656 602 — — — — — — — —

A clinical trial is defined as a scientific research 

study undertaken with human subjects to evaluate 

prospectively the diagnostic, prophylactic, or therapeutic effect of a drug, device, regimen, or procedure 

used or intended ultimately for use in the practice of 

medicine or the prevention of disease. A clinical trial 

is planned and conducted prospectively and includes 

a concurrent control group or other appropriate comparison group.

* Paid by U01/U10.

**Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial 

Investigating Outcomes of Exercise 

(HF-ACTION)*

7,471 9,582 7,973 4,483 4,590 2,846 652 — — — —

Clinical Trial of Dietary Protein on Blood 

Pressure*

655 610 612 504 500 — — — — — —

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial 

(HAT)*

3,567 5,433 4,264 1,801 2,115 — — — — — —

Perioperative Interventional Neuroprotection 

Trial (POINT)

553 553 562 572 378 — — — — — —

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics 

Study (SANDS)*

2,410 2,165 2,107 2,324 2,074 197 218 — — — —

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH)*

5,709 6,542 1,613 6,082 5,583 9,396 3,639 727 1,233 352 —

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies 

(GEMS)*

— 2,461 2,400 2,369 1,950 — — — — — —

Treatment of Depression Following Bypass 

Surgery

— 964 1,132 1,181 1,193 885 — — — — —

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM)* — 3,687 4,368 3,099 4,015 2,151 145 150 — — —

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL)*

— — 4,343 5,610 4,884 3,307 3,269 — 4,414 3,029 2,882

FREEDOM Trial: Future Revascularization 

Evaluation in Patients With Diabetes 

Mellitus: Optional Management of 

Multivessel Disease

— — 3,663 4,669 — 5,180 2,818 1,658 3,429 2,755 —

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial 

Metabolic Enhancement During Initial 

Assessment and Treatment in Emergency 

Care*

— — 5,170 9,514 10,966 — — — — — —

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent 

Vascular Events*

— — — 663 6,324 6,018 1,380 2,324 6,927 1,089 1,384

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal 

Revascularization (CLEVER)*

— — — 1,368 1,478 1,898 — 1,822 1,080 1,371 542

Interventions To Control Obesity in College — — — — 677 633 670 686 588 — —

PACEmaker and Beta-Blocker Therapy 

Post-Myocardial Infarction (PACE-MI)

— — — — 1,300 4,555 384 — — — —

Efficacy of Smoking Quit Line in the Military — — — — — 739 720 731 — 723 737

Vest Prevention of Early Sudden Death Trial 

(VEST) and PREDiction of ICD Therapies 

Studies (PREDICTS)*

— — — — — 1,390 1,356 1,391 1,404 — —

Randomized Trial of Interventions To Improve 

Warfarin Adherence

— — — — — — 801 787 771 763 —

Planned Care for Obesity and Risk Reduction 

(Planned CORR)

— — — — — — 784 770 769 768 642

Effects of Niacin on Lp(a), Oxidized LDL, 

and Inflammation on the AIM-HIGH Trial

— — — — — — 302 312 383 — 428

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE) Coronary Vascular Dysfunction

— — — — — — 776 742 745 761 —

* Paid by U01/U10.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

Rule-Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computer 

Assisted Tomography (ROMICAT II)*

— — — — — — — 2,112 2,307 367 1,105

Collaborative Model To Improve BP Control 

and Minimize Racial Disparities

— — — — — — — 1,963 1,938 1,852 1,689

Multiscale Model of the Human Heart for 

Imaging Research

— — — — — — — 566 503 498 498

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug 

Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation (CABANA)*

— — — — — — — 2,941 3,045 3,033 3,015

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric 

Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA)*

— — — — — — — 3,648 2,285 4,402 4,371

Vitamin D and Omega 3 Trial (VITAL)* — — — — — — — 1,260 1,248 1,210 1,210

Late Sodium Blockade in High-Risk ICD 

Patients*

— — — — — — — — 2,280 — 2,288

Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial 

(CIRT)*

— — — — — — — — — 1,376 9,607

Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on 

Cardiometabolic Risk in School Children

— — — — — — — — — 552 650

Lifestyle, CVD Risk, and Cognitive 

Impairment

— — — — — — — — — 785 753

ISCHEMIA Trial (International Study of 

Comparative Effectiveness With Medical 

Invasive Approaches)

— — — — — — — — — 6,672 17,445

Guiding Evidence-Based Therapy Using 

Biomarker Intensified Treatment

— — — — — — — — — — 3,893

Heart Camp: Promoting Adherence to Exercise 

in Patients With Heart Failure

— — — — — — — — — — 749

Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on 

Cardiac Structure and Function

— — — — — — — — — — 307

PDE5 Inhibition With Tadalafil Changes 

Outcome in Heart Failure (PITCH-HF)*

— — — — — — — — — — 1,423

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 45,253 52,210 52,377 56,681 58,312 45,091 22,538 27,909 37,309 32,358 55,618

Lung Diseases

Lung Health Study III* ** 927 — — — — — — — — — —

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN)* ** 5,863 — — — — — — — — — —

Scleroderma Lung Study* 1,501 1,055 — — 71 — — — — — —

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Prevention of 

Chronic Lung Disease*

1,764 1,442 1,245 — — — — — — — —

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic 

Lung Disease*

1,839 1,604 903 — — — — — — — —

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis II (PIOPED II)*

3,388 472 — — — — — — — — —

Randomized Trial To Reduce ETS in Children 

With Asthma

468 277 — — — — — — — — —

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy 

Study (APPLES)*

3,224 3,021 3,110 3,188 — 1,532 — — — — —

* Paid by U01/U10.

**Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Lung Diseases (continued)

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program-Continuation Study 

(CAMP-CS)/Phase II* **

— 1,489 2,043 2,623 2,750 — — — — — —

Acid Reflux Therapy in Asthma* — 736 783 791 773 662 — — — — —

Impact of CPAP on Functional Outcomes 

in Milder Obstructive Sleep Apnea 

(CATNAP)

— 682 612 608 694 — — — — — —

Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older 

Men

— 4,163 4,262 1,390 1,142 910 — — — — —

Supplemental Selenium and Vitamin E 

and Pulmonary Function

— 698 610 630 605 561 — — — — —

Improving Asthma Care in Minority 

Children in Head Start

— — 721 826 1,004 779 — — — — —

Randomized Controlled Study of 

Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood 

Sleep Apnea*

— — — — 2,255 2,388 1,346 2,501 1,675 — —

Early Insulin Therapy and Development 

of ARDS

— — — — — 489 454 464 417 386 —

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program—Continuation Study 

(CAMP-CS)/Phase III* **

— — — — — 2,077 1,966 1,146 2,065 — —

Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic 

Fibrosis (ISIS)*

— — — — — — 732 737 776 628 —

Scleroderma Lung Study II — — — — — — 2,281 2,297 2,252 2,268 1,950

Sedation Management in Pediatric 

Patients With Acute Respiratory 

Failure*

— — — — — — 568 3,885 3,327 2,181 385

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids 

(STAN)* 

— — — — — — — 725 725 725 725

Outpatient Treatment of Low-Risk 

Patients With Pulmonary Embolism

— — — — — — — 755 349 — —

Translating COPD Guidelines Into 

Primary Care Practice

— — — — — — — 733 719 663 680

Family Intervention for Pediatric Asthma 

Self-Management in Puerto Ricans 

— — — — — — — 225 187 — —

Physical Activity Self-Management in 

Patients With COPD 

— — — — — — — 663 660 655 622

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma 

(SOYA)* 

— — — — — — — 775 697 689 687

Trial of Late Surfactant To Prevent 

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 

(TOLSURF)* 

— — — — — — — 1,987 1,779 1,807 1,653

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin 

D Supplementation To Prevent 

Childhood Asthma*

— — — — — — — 2,510 2,466 2,469 2,506

Effects of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy on 

Pulmonary Function

— — — — — — — 614 516 552 —

Randomized Trial of Antenatal Late 

Preterm Steroids (ALPS)*

— — — — — — — — 2,134 2,137 557

* Paid by U01/U10.

**Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Lung Diseases (continued)

Vitamin D Supplementation in 

Pregnancy: Impact on Neonatal 

Immune Phenotype

— — — — — — — — 323 311 309

Role of Beta-Catenin in Epithelial Repair 

in Acute Lung Injury

— — — — — — — — 125 125 125

Mechanisms of Familial Pulmonary 

Fibrosis

— — — — — — — — 2,330 2,252 2,207

Multicomponent Intervention 

To Decrease COPD-Related 

Hospitalizations

— — — — — — — — 412 470 490

Heart and Lung Failure-Pediatric Insulin 

Titration (HALF-PINT)*

— — — — — — — — — 2,685 2,548

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 18,974 15,639 14,289 10,056 9,294 9,398 7,347 20,017 23,934 21,003 15,444

Blood Diseases and Resources

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(STOP 2)*

3,168 2,320 2,366 — — — — — — — —

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle 

Cell Anemia*

525 527 551 — — — — — — — —

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and 

Transplantation* 1,224 1,286 1,353 — — — — — — — —

FOCUS* — 1,639 1,796 2,923 2,446 1,974 — — — — —

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea (SWiTCH)*

— — — 3,345 3,932 3,531 3,828 3,216 1,778 — —

Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients 

Requiring Temporary Interruption 

of Warfarin Therapy for an Elective 

Procedure or Surgery (BRIDGE) 

Trial*

— — — — — — 4,632 5,673 5,227 — —

Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus 

Removal With Adjunctive CatheterDirected Thrombolysis

(ATTRACT)* **

— — — — — — 2,071 2,108 2,094 244 2,459

Transcranial Doppler With Transfusions 

Changing to Hydroxyurea (TWiTCH)

— — — — — — — 4,176 4,177 4,391 4,746

Impact of Blood Storage Duration on 

Physiologic Measures: RECESS 

Ancillary Study

— — — — — — — — 387 389 416

Transfusion-Associated Brain 

Improvement (TABI)*

— — — — — — — — — — 1,729

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 4,917 5,772 6,066 6,268 6,378 5,505 10,531 15,173 13,663 5,024 9,350

Total, NHLBI $69,144 $73,621 $72,732 $73,005 $73,984 $59,994 $40,416 $63,099 $74,906 $58,385 $80,412

* Paid by U01/U10.

**Formerly known as Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute DVT (ATTRACT) Trial.

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

* Paid by U01/U10.

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2012: Summary by Program

Total Obligations 

Prior to 2012

FY 2012 

Obligations

Total Obligation 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent Vascular Events* $24,726,019 $1,383,800 $26,109,819

Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial (CIRT)* 1,375,726 9,607,234 10,982,960

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL)* 28,856,425 2,881,799 31,738,224

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial 

Fibrillation Trial (CABANA)*

9,018,518 3,015,483 12,034,001

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization 

(CLEVER)*

9,018,723 542,213 9,560,936

Collaborative Model To Improve BP Control and Minimize Racial 

Disparities

5,753,286 1,689,074 7,442,360

Effects of Niacin on Lp(a), Oxidized LDL, and Inflammation on the 

AIM-HIGH Trial

997,247 428,498 1,425,745

Efficacy of Smoking Quit Line in the Military 2,912,899 737,487 3,650,386

Guiding Evidence-Based Therapy Using Biomarker Intensified 

Treatment

— 3,892,783 3,892,783

Heart Camp: Promoting Adherence to Exercise in Patients With Heart 

Failure

— 749,122 749,122

Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiac Structure and Function — 307,048 307,048

Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk in 

School Children

552,019 649,893 1,201,912

ISCHEMIA Trial (International Study of Comparative Effectiveness 

With Medical Invasive Approaches)*

6,671,629 17,444,758 24,116,387

Late Sodium Blockade in High-Risk ICD Patients* 2,279,794 2,287,927 4,567,721

Lifestyle, CVD Risk, and Cognitive Impairment 784,998 753,104 1,538,102

Multiscale Model of the Human Heart for Imaging Research 1,566,866 498,049 2,064,915

PDE5 Inhibition with Tadalafil Changes Outcomes in Heart Failure 

(PITCH-HF)

— 1,422,791 1,422,791

Planned Care for Obesity and Risk Reduction (Planned CORR) 3,090,886 642,148 3,733,034

Rule-Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computer Assisted Tomography 

(ROMICAT II)*

4,785,713 1,105,318 5,891,031

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA)* 10,335,495 4,370,676 14,706,171

Vitamin D and Omega 3 Trial (VITAL)* 3,718,123 1,210,345 4,928,468

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 116,444,366 55,619,550 172,063,916

Lung Diseases

Heart and Lung Failure-Pediatric Insulin Trial (HALF-PINT)* 2,685,460 2,548,137 5,233,597

Mechanisms of Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis 4,582,218 2,206,692 6,788,910

Multicomponent Intervention To Decrease COPD-Related Hospitalizations 881,687 489,881 1,371,568

Physical Activity Self-Management in Patients With COPD 1,977,708 622,213 2,599,921

Randomized Trial of Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids (ALPS)* 4,271,361 556,659 4,828,020

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent 

Childhood Asthma*

7,445,255 2,505,636 9,950,891

Role of Beta-Catenin in Epithelial Repair in Acute Lung Injury 250,344 125,172 375,516

Scleroderma Lung Study II 9,096,593 1,950,312 11,046,905
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2012: Summary by Program (continued)

Total Obligations 

Prior to 2012

FY 2012 

Obligations

Total Obligation 

to Date

Lung Diseases (continued)

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure* 9,960,315 384,556 10,344,871

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN)* 2,174,420 724,801 2,899,221

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma (SOYA)* 2,160,527 687,123 2,847,650

Translating COPD Guidelines Into Primary Care Practice 2,114,902 680,329 2,795,231

Trial of Late Surfactant To Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 

(TOLSURF)*

5,572,999 1,653,180 7,226,179

Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnancy: Impact on Neonatal Immune 

Phenotype

634,550 308,582 943,132

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 53,808,339 15,443,273 69,251,612

Blood Diseases and Resources

Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus Removal With Adjunctive CatheterDirected Thrombolysis (ATTRACT)* **6,516,312 2,459,244 8,975,556

Impact of Blood Storage Duration on Physiologic Measures: RECESS 

Ancillary Study

775,928 416,355 1,192,283

Transcranial Doppler With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (TWiTCH) 12,744,317 4,746,356 17,490,673

Transfusion-Associated Brain Improvement (TABI)* — 1,729,189 1,729,189

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 20,036,557 9,351,144 29,387,701

TOTAL, NHLBI $190,289,262 $80,413,967 $270,703,229

* Paid by U01/U10.

**Formerly known as Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute DVT (ATTRACT) Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Contracts

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Antihypertensive and LipidLowering Treatment To Prevent 

Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)

$ 3,980 $ 2,761 $ 3,346 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,235 $ 971 $ 974

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary 

Heart Disease Patients 

(ENRICHD)

425 70 — — — — — — — — —

Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up: 

Investigation in Rhythm 

Management (AFFIRM)

802 — — — — — — — — — —

Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and 

Estrogen Trial (WAVE)

— 32 — — — — — — — — —

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome 

Evaluation (WISE)

50 — — — — — — — — — —

Prevention of Events With 

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 

Inhibitor Therapy (PEACE)

2,849 558 — — — — — — — — —

Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) 238 — — — — — — — — — —

Evaluation Study of Congestive 

Heart Failure and Pulmonary 

Artery Catheterization 

Effectiveness (ESCAPE)

1,129 — — — 311 — — — — — —

Action To Control Cardiovascular 

Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD)

1,750 18,521 33,779 26,126 — 19,484 16,343 15,461 403 — —

Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) 

Community Trial

1,101 — — — — — — — — — —

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonist 

Therapy in Adults With Preserved 

Ejection Fraction Congestive Heart 

Failure (TOPCAT)

— — 837 5,162 5,480 2,218 7,912 4,408 898 — 2,825

Women’s Health Initiative 59,010 63,222 57,483 37,826 12,124 14,873 22,609 30,615 2,409 22,766 21,910

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention 

Trial (SPRINT)

— — — — — — — 7,508 29,374 — —

Clarification of Optimal 

Anticoagulation Through Genetics 

(COAG)*

— — — — — — 2,637 3,530 — 6,760 —

Randomized Evaluation of VAD 

InterVEntion before Inotropic 

Therapy (REVIVE-IT)

— — — — — — — — — 4,953 —

Pumps for Kids, Infants, and 

Neonates (PumpKIN)**

— — — — — — — — — — 1,808

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 71,334 85,164 95,445 69,114 17,915 36,575 49,501 61,522 34,319 35,450 27,517

Lung Diseases

Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiac 

Complications of HIV Infection 

(P2C2)

113 — — — — — — — — — —

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program (CAMP)

2,786 2,287 1,475 599 — — — — — — —

* Formerly known as Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin Therapy.

**See Chapter 10 for preclinical PumpKIN R&D.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 (continued)

Contracts (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Lung Diseases (continued)

Acute Respiratory Distress 

Syndrome Clinical Network 

(ARDSNet)

1,502 4,402 5,517 4,707 7,396 5,037 1,992 6,195 7,208 5,096 4,886

National Emphysema 

Treatment Trial (NETT)

7,910 1,630 1,648 357 — — — 285 — — —

Feasibility of Retinoid 

Treatment in Emphysema 

(FORTE)

2,429 725 507 185 — — — — — — —

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment 

Trial (LOTT)

— — — — — 6,208 10,042 202 4,335 4,378 7,562

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 14,740 9,044 9,147 5,848 7,396 11,245 12,034 6,682 11,543 9,474 12,448

Blood Diseases and Resources

T-Cell Depletion in 

Unrelated Donor Marrow 

Transplantation

557 774 164 — — — — — — — —

Cord Blood Stem Cell 

Transplantation Study 

(COBLT)

2,166 588 707 822 — — — — — — —

Multicenter Study of 

Hydroxyurea (MSH) in 

Sickle Cell Anemia Adult 

Follow-Up

588 994 1,136 1,340 — — — — — — —

Pediatric Hydroxyurea 

Phase III Clinical Trial 

(BABY HUG)

3,100 1,112 1,964 1,526 891 3,966 5,573 1,704 — 853 8,501

Sildenafil for Sickle Cell 

Disease-Associated 

Pulmonary Hypertension 

(walk PHaSST)

— — — — 1,867 2,801 3,702 963 320 212 —

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and 

Resources

6,411 3,468 3,971 3,688 2,758 6,767 9,275 2,667 320 1,065 8,501

Total, NHLBI Clinical Trials 

Contracts

$92,485 $97,676 $108,563 $78,650 $28,069 $54,587 $70,810 $70,871 $46,182 $45,989 $48,466
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Bypass Angioplasty 

Revascularization 

Investigation (BARI)

$ 1,456 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Girls Health Enrichment 

Multisite Studies (GEMS)

2,713 — — — — — — — — — —

Trial of Activity for 

Adolescent Girls (TAAG)

5,919 5,828 6,350 5,103 905 — — — — — —

Pediatric Heart Network 4,822 5,381 4,948 3,992 6,988 6,607 12,255 7,637 7,471 12,827 12,020

Resuscitation Outcomes 

Consortium (ROC)*

— — 6,886 9,339 9,728 8,972 5,279 — 6,244 9,455 9,374

Dynamic Assessment of 

Patient-Reported Chronic 

Disease Outcomes

— — 1,010 — — — — — — — —

Heart Failure Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — 5,642 7,801 7,813 7,939 7,914** 7,652 6,460

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort 

Study (PHACS)—Data 

and Operations Center

— — — — 1,000 500 490 500 769** 600 1,716

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy 

Research Network

— — — — — 4,424 7,568 6,227 6,200 3,800 5,783

Community-Responsive 

Interventions To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in 

American Indians and 

Alaska Natives

— — — — 1,419 2,314 3,151 1,999 2,071 — —

Network for Cardiothoracic 

Surgical Investigations in 

Cardiovascular Medicine

— — — — — 6,009 8,681 3,210 8,079 5,460 7,097

EDTA Chelation Therapy for 

Coronary Artery Disease

— — — — — — — 2,109 — — 908

Practice-Based Opportunity 

for Weight Reduction 

(POWER) Trials†

— — — — 2,567 3,714 3,656 3,729 2,329 — —

Look AHEAD: Action for 

Health in Diabetes

— — — — — — — 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000

Diabetes Prevention Program 

Outcomes Study—Phase II

— — — — — — — 1,100 1,100 1,100 2,426

Early Adult Reduction of 

Weight Through LifestYle 

Intervention (EARLY) 

Trials‡

— — — — — — — 4,656 5,864 6,124 4,858

Childhood Obesity 

Prevention and Treatment 

Research (COPTR)

— — — — — — — — 4,058 3,986 7,528

* Formerly known as Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation Outcome.

**Correction to figure that was reported in the FY 2010 Fact Book. † Formerly known as Weight Loss in Obese Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors.

‡ Formerly known as Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults. 
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2002–2012 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Heart and Vascular 

Diseases (continued)

Consortium of Hospitals 

Advancing Research on 

Tobacco (CHART)*

— — — — — — — — 3,322 3,505 4,933

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular 

Diseases

14,910 11,209 19,194 18,434 28,249 40,341 48,893 43,106 59,421** 58,509 67,103

Lung Diseases

Asthma Clinical Research 

Network (ACRN)**

— 8,181 8,424 8,667 7,839 8,918 872 — — — 114

Childhood Asthma Research 

and Education (CARE) 

Network

6,005 5,610 5,292 5,704 5,735 5,916 4,887 — — — —

COPD Clinical Research 

Network

— 6,843 6,848 8,438 7,664 6,836 3,400 3,150 3,150 2,600 —

Idiopathic Pulmonary 

Fibrosis Clinical Research 

Network

— — — 3,486 7,349 7,216 7,154 7,325 — — —

NICHD Cooperative 

Multicenter Neonatal 

Research Network

— — — — 1,336 238 27 — — — —

Asthma Network 

(AsthmaNet)

— — — — — — — 8,300 15,500 15,500 16,465

Novel Therapies for Lung 

Diseases—Phase II

— — — — — — — — 7,594 12,843 15,478

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 6,005 20,634 20,564 26,295 29,923 29,124 16,340 18,775 26,244 30,943 32,057

Blood Diseases and Resources

Thalassemia (Cooley’s 

Anemia) Clinical Research 

Network

2,269 2,320 2,375 2,730 2,682 2,618 2,600 658 — — —

Blood and Marrow 

Transplant Clinical 

Research Network

5,899 5,950 5,972 6,460 6,845 6,709 6,952 6,351 2,507 5,319 4,052

Transfusion Medicine/ 

Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network

6,053 6,241 6,093 6,221 6,521 6,407 6,374 6,541 6,590 6,314 5,903

Sickle Cell Disease Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — 3,761 7,498 7,173 — — — —

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and 

Resources

14,221 14,511 14,440 15,411 19,809 23,232 23,099 13,550 9,097 11,453 9,955

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials, Cooperative 

Agreements

$35,136 $46,354 $54,198 $60,140 $77,981 $92,697 $88,332 $75,431 $94,762** $100,905 $109,114

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials

$127,621 $144,030 $162,761 $138,790 $106,050 $147,284 $159,142 $146,302 $140,944** $146,594 $157,580

* Formerly known as Effective Research on Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized Patients.

**Investigator-Initiated from 1998 to 2002.

Note: The line labeled “Other Clinical Trials” ($78.8 million) that appeared in the FY 2010 Fact Book has been removed.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2012: Summary by Program

Contracts

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2012

Total FY 2012 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial 

(ALLHAT) 

$ 85,376,672 $ 973,725 $ 86,350,397

Clarification of Optimal Anticoagulation Through Genetics (COAG)* 12,927,382 — 12,927,382

Pumps for Kids, Infants, and Neonates (PumpKIN)** — 1,808,165 1,808,165

Randomized Evaluation of VAD InterVEntion before Inotropic Therapy 

(REVIVE-IT)

4,952,781 — 4,952,781

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) 36,882,407 — 36,882,407

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy in Adults With Preserved Ejection 

Fraction Congestive Heart Failure (TOPCAT)

26,914,315 2,824,999 29,739,314

Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) 815,836,245 21,909,919 837,746,164

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 982,889,802 27,516,808 1,010,406,610

Lung Diseases 

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network (ARDSNet) 83,838,739 4,886,159 88,724,898

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT) 25,165,226 7,562,054 32,727,280

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 109,003,965 12,448,213 121,452,178

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG) 22,700,173 8,501,196 31,201,369

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 22,700,173 8,501,196 31,201,369

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Contracts $1,114,593,940 $48,466,217 $1,163,060,157 

* Formerly known as Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin Therapy.

**See Chapter 10 for preclinical PumpKIN R&D.

Cooperative Agreements

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2012

Total FY 2012 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network $ 28,219,327 $ 5,783,413 $ 34,002,740

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) 8,044,862 7,527,535 15,572,397 

Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research (CHART)* 6,826,745 4,933,114 11,759,859 

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—Phase II 3,300,000 2,425,500 5,725,500 

Early Adult Reduction of Weight Through LifestYle Intervention (EARLY) Trials** 16,643,216 4,857,967 21,501,183 

EDTA Chelation Therapy for Coronary Artery Disease 2,109,044 908,302 3,017,346 

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network 44,760,674 6,460,152 51,220,826 

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes 12,000,000 4,000,000 16,000,000 

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigations in Cardiovascular Medicine 31,438,403 7,097,239 38,535,642 

Pediatric Heart Network 76,176,050 12,020,076 88,196,126 

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS): Data and Operations Center 3,859,021 1,716,153 5,575,174 

Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC)† 55,902,830 9,373,746 65,276,576 

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 233,377,342 57,729,451 291,106,793

Lung Diseases 

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN) 42,901,101 113,804 43,014,905 

Asthma Network (AsthmaNet) 39,300,000 16,464,537 55,764,537 

Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II 20,436,977 15,477,541 35,914,518 

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 59,736,977 31,942,078 91,679,055 

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 64,390,805 4,051,982 68,442,787 

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 63,173,772 5,902,779 69,076,551 

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 127,564,577 9,954,761 137,519,338

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Cooperative Agreements $420,678,896 $99,626,290 $520,305,186 

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials $1,535,272,836 $148,092,507 $1,683,365,343 

* Formerly known as Effectiveness Research on Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized Patients. 

**Formerly known as Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults.

† Formerly known as Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation Outcomes.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment 

To Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1993

The purpose of this study was to compare the ability 

of a diuretic versus newer antihypertensive treatments 

(ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, alpha blocker) 

to lower the combined incidence of fatal CHD and nonfatal MI in high-risk hypertensive patients and to determine whether lowering serum cholesterol with an HMG 

CoA reductase inhibitor reduced the total mortality in a 

subset of hypertensive patients with moderately elevated 

LDL cholesterol. 

In February 2000, the alpha blocker arm of the study 

was discontinued because the CVD event rate was significantly greater among those patients compared with 

those in the control group. In 2002, results showed that 

diuretics work best to both lower blood pressure and 

prevent stroke and some forms of heart disease, including heart attack and heart failure. 

Researchers are analyzing a post-trial follow-up 

(9–10 years) of participants to compare long-term 

effects of antihypertensive treatment with a thiazidetype diuretic, a calcium channel blocker, an ACE inhibitor, and an alpha receptor blocker when each drug was 

used as initial treatment, with step-up drugs added as 

needed, and for the lipid component, to assess long-term 

effects of pravastatin compared with usual care. Fiftyfive percent of the participants are black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$973,725

Fiscal Years 1993–2011—$85,376,672

Total Funding to Date—$86,350,397

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Texas 

Health Science Center 

Houston, Texas —26820110036C

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to establish a research 

network to evaluate innovative cell therapy strategies 

for individuals with CVD. The network is providing the 

necessary infrastructure to develop, coordinate, and 

conduct multiple collaborative clinical protocols to 

facilitate application of emerging scientific discoveries 

to improve CVD outcomes. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$5,783,413

Fiscal Years 2007–2011—$28,219,327

Total Funding to Date—$34,002,740

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-087314

2. University of Texas

Health Science Center 

Houston, Texas —HL-087318

3. Texas Heart Institute 

Houston, Texas —HL-087365

4. University of Florida 

Gainesville, Florida —HL-087366

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-087394

6. Vanderbilt University 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-087403

7. Stanford University 

Menlo Park, California —HL-113456

8. Indiana University 

Indianapolis, Indiana —HL-113457

9. University of Miami 

Miami, Florida —HL-113460

10. University of Louisville 

Louisville, Kentucky —HL-113530

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment 

Research (COPTR), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010 

The purpose of this research consortium is to test 

interventions to prevent excess weight gain in children 

and to reduce weight in obese children. Two obesity prevention trials are developing and testing approaches that 

target home, community, and primary care settings for 

preschool children living in low-income and ethnically 

diverse neighborhoods. Two obesity treatment trials 

are examining the therapies on overweight and obese 

children, 7- to 15-year olds, in school and home settings 

in collaboration with local youth organizations. More than 

50 percent of the participants are expected to be from racial 

and ethnic minority populations.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$7,527,535

Fiscal Years 2010–2011—$8,044,862

Total Funding to Date—$15,572,397

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-103561

2. Vanderbilt University 

School of Medicine 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-103620

3. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-103622

4. Stanford University 

Palo Alto, California —HL-103629 

Clarification of Optimal Anticoagulation 

Through Genetics (COAG),* Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2008 

The purpose of this randomized, multicenter clinical 

trial is to compare two approaches to the initiation of 

warfarin therapy for optimal anticoagulation. One 

approach uses clinical information and an individual’s 

genotype based on the genes known to influence warfarin 

response (“genotype-guided dosing”), and the other uses 

only clinical information (“clinical-guided dosing”). The 

trial is assessing anticoagulation control, bleeding problems and other complications, quality of life, and cost of 

therapy up to 6 months after initiation of therapy.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$0

Fiscal Years 2008–2011—$12,927,382

Total Funding to Date—$12,927,382

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —268200800003C

Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research 

on Tobacco (CHART),** Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in hospitalized 

patients. A network of six projects is assessing the 

effectiveness and cost effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions that are initiated during hospitalization 

and continued post-discharge. Participation from minority populations is strong in some of the projects. 

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2012—$4,933,114

Fiscal Years 2010–2011—$6,826,745

Total Funding to Date—$11,759,859

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-105218

2. New York University School of Medicine 

New York, New York —HL-105229

3. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 

Oakland, California —HL-105231

4. University of Kansas Medical Center 

Kansas City, Kansas —HL-105232

5. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 

Oakland, California —HL-105233 

6. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —DA-031515

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—

Phase II, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this multicenter clinical trial is to 

determine the efficacy of treatments to prevent or delay 

the development of type 2 diabetes in a population at 

high risk due to the presence of impaired glucose tolerance. The Phase II trial is following the original cohort 

to determine the long-term effects of the interventions 

(metformin versus lifestyle) on further diabetes development, microvascular outcomes, and CVD and CVD 

risk factors. Forty-five percent of participants are from 

diverse minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2012—$2,425,500

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$3,300,000

Total Funding to Date—$5,725,500

* Formerly known as Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin Therapy. 

**Formerly known as Effective Research on Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized Patients.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Colorado 

Aurora, Colorado —DK-048375

2. Louisiana State University 

Pennington Biomedical Research Center 

Baton Rouge, Louisiana —DK-048377

3. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —DK-048380

4. University of Chicago 

Chicago, Illinois —DK-048381

5. MedStar Health Research Institute 

Hyattsville, Maryland —DK-048387

6. St. Luke’s Roosevelt Institute 

for Health Sciences 

New York, New York —DK-048404

7. Indiana University-Purdue 

University at Indianapolis 

Indianapolis, Indiana —DK-048406

8. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —DK-048407

9. University of Tennessee Health 

Science Center 

Memphis, Tennessee —DK-048411

10. Seattle Institute for Biomedical 

and Clinical Research 

Seattle, Washington —DK-048413

11. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —DK-048443

12. Thomas Jefferson University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —DK-048468

13. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —DK-048485

14. George Washington University 

Washington, DC —DK-048489

15. University of Texas 

Health Science Center 

San Antonio, Texas —DK-048514

16. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —DK-048339

17. Albert Einstein College of Medicine 

Bronx, New York —DK-048349

18. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —DK-048397

19. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —DK-048400

20. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —DK-048412

21. University of Miami 

Coral Gables, Florida —DK-048434

22. Joslin Diabetes Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —DK-048437

Early Adult Reduction of Weight Through 

LifestYle Intervention (EARLY) Trials,* 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this program is to conduct two-phase 

clinical research to refine and test innovative behavioral 

approaches for weight control—using mobile phones, 

social networks, and Web-based curricula—in young 

adults, ages 18–35 years, who are at high risk for weight 

gain. Phase I involves refining proposed intervention, 

recruitment, retention, and adherence strategies. Phase 

II deals with testing the efficacy of the interventions 

that address weight loss, prevention of weight gain, or 

prevention of excessive weight gain during pregnancy. 

Targeted populations include pregnant and postpartum 

women, community college and university students, and 

young adults who are trying to quit smoking. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$4,857,967

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$16,643,216

Total Funding to Date—$21,501,183

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Tennessee Health 

Science Center 

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-096628

2. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-096715

3. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-096720

4. Cornell University 

Ithaca, New York —HL-096760

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-096767

6. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-096770

EDTA Chelation Therapy for Coronary Artery 

Disease, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this multi-site, randomized trial is to 

determine the efficacy and safety of EDTA (ethylene 

diamine tetra-acetic acid) chelation therapy in individuals suffering from coronary artery disease.

* Formerly known as Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Obligations

Funding History

Fiscal Year 2012—$908,30

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$2,109,044

Total Funding to Date—$3,017,346

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Mount Sinai Medical Center 

Miami Beach, Florida —HL-092607

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this network is to accelerate research 

in the diagnosis and management of heart failure to 

improve outcomes. The network is developing, coordinating, and conducting multiple collaborative clinical protocols to facilitate application of emerging basic 

science discoveries into clinical investigations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$6,460,152

Fiscal Years 2006–2011—$44,760,674

Total Funding to Date—$51,220,826

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-084904

2. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine 

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-110262

3. Thomas Jefferson University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-110297

4. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-110302

5. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-110309

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-110312

7. Cleveland Clinic 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-110336

8. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-110337

9. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-110338

10. University of Vermont 

Burlington, Vermont —HL-110342

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this multicenter randomized clinical 

trial is to determine the long-term effects of a lifestyle 

intervention—designed to achieve and maintain weight 

loss over the long term through decreased caloric intake 

and exercise—in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. 

The lifestyle intervention group is being compared to 

a control group that is receiving diabetes support and 

education. One of the 16 clinical centers is targeting 

American Indians.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2012—$4,000,000

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$12,000,000 

Total Funding to Date—$16,000,000

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —DK-057008

2. University of Tennessee Health 

Science Center 

Memphis, Tennessee —DK-057078

3. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —DK-057135

4. University of Colorado 

Denver, Colorado —DK-057151

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical 

Investigations in Cardiovascular Medicine, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to establish a network 

to evaluate newer surgical techniques, technologies, 

devices, and innovative pharmaceutical and bioengineered products directed at CVD. The Network conducts 

randomized clinical trials and clinical studies that provide 

a strong evidence base to inform surgical practice and 

disseminates its findings to the broader scientific community. The Network also serves as a clinical trials training 

ground for fellows and junior faculty. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$7,097,239

Fiscal Years 2007–2011—$31,438,403

Total Funding to Date—$38,535,642
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Virginia, Charlottesville 

Charlottesville, Virginia —HL-088925

2. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-088928

3. Albert Einstein College of Medicine 

of Yeshiva University

Bronx, New York —HL-088939

4. Columbia University Health Sciences 

New York, New York —HL-088942

5. Mount Sinai School of Medicine 

New York, New York —HL-088951

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-088953

7. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-088955

8. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-088957

9. Montreal Heart Institute 

Montreal, Quebec, Canada —HL-088963

Pediatric Heart Network, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2001

The objective of this study is to establish a clinical 

network to evaluate innovative treatment and management strategies for children with structural congenital 

heart disease, inflammatory heart disease, heart muscle 

disease, or arrhythmias.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$12,020,076

Fiscal Years 2001–2011—$76,176,050

Total Funding to Date—$88,196,126

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New England Research Institute, Inc. 

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-068270

2. Children’s Hospital Medical Center 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-109673

3. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-109737

4. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HL-109741

5. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-109743

6. Hospital for Sick Children 

Toronto, Ontario —HL-109777

7. Medical University of South Carolina 

Charleston, South Carolina —HL-109778

8. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-109781

9. Children’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-109816

10. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-109818

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS)—

Data and Operations Center, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

The purpose of this study is to create a body of data 

that will enable researchers to understand more fully 

the effects of HIV on sexual maturation, pubertal development, and socialization of perinatally HIV-infected 

preadolescents and adolescents and to acquire more 

definitive information about the long-term safety of 

antiretroviral agents when used during pregnancy and in 

newborns.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$1,716,153

Fiscal Years 2006–2011—$3,859,021

Total Funding to Date—$5,575,174

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Harvard University

Boston, Massachusetts —HD-052102

Pumps for Kids, Infants, and Neonates 

(PumpKIN), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2012

The purpose of this program is to explore the potential benefit of therapy offered by four novel pediatric 

circulatory support devices in infants, neonates, and 

young children (<25 kg) with congenital and acquired 

CVD who experience cardiopulmonary failure and 

circulatory collapse. The trials are intended to provide 

clinical evidence to be used in Humanitarian Device 

Exemption applications to the FDA for regulatory 

approval of the devices.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$1,808,165

Total Funding to Date —$1,808,165

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, PA —268201000013C
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Randomized Evaluation of VAD InterVEntion 

before Inotropic Therapy (REVIVE-IT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2011

The purpose of this clinical feasibility study is to 

explore the potential benefit of mechanical circulatory 

support therapy using ventricular assist devices (VADs) 

in functionally impaired advanced heart failure patients 

who have not yet developed serious consequences from 

their disease. The study will serve to inform a pivotal 

trial directed at a large and growing patient population 

for whom VADs could offer substantial benefit beyond 

current medical therapies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$0

Fiscal Year 2011—$4,952,781

Total Funding to Date—$4,952,781

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —268201100026C

Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC),* 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to conduct research in 

cardiopulmonary arrest and severe traumatic injury to 

facilitate the rapid translation of promising scientific and 

clinical advances to improve resuscitation outcomes. 

The Consortium conducts multiple, collaborative clinical trials and studies that target primarily out-of-hospital 

severe trauma.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$9,373,746

Fiscal Years 2004–2011—$55,902,830

Total Funding to Date—$65,276,576

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HL-077863

2. Medical College of Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-077866

3. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-077867

4. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-077871

5. St. Michael’s Hospital 

Toronto, Ontario —HL-077872

6. Oregon Health and Science University 

Portland, Oregon —HL-077873

7. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-077881

8. Ottawa Health Research Institute 

Ottawa, Ontario —HL-077885

9. University of Texas

Southwestern Medical Center 

Dallas, Texas —HL-077887

10. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-077908

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial 

(SPRINT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

intensive lowering of systolic blood pressure below the 

currently recommended standard reduces the risk of 

cardiovascular and kidney diseases or dementia. The 

MIND substudy is focusing on the effectiveness of lowering systolic blood pressure on reducing the decline in 

cognitive function.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2012—$0 

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$36,882,407 

Total Funding to Date—$36,882,407 

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Wake Forest University Health 

Science Center 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —268200900040C

2. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —268200900046C

3. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —268200900047C

4. Wake Forest University Health 

Science Center 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —268200900048C

5. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —268200900049C

6. Department of Veterans Affairs, Memphis 

Memphis, Tennessee —HV-0514

* Formerly known as Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation Outcomes.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy 

in Adults With Preserved Ejection Fraction 

Congestive Heart Failure (TOPCAT), Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this international randomized trial is to 

evaluate the effectiveness of spironolactone, a generic and 

inexpensive drug, to reduce cardiovascular mortality and 

heart failure hospitalization in patients who have heart 

failure with preserved systolic function (left ventricular 

ejection fraction ≥45 percent). Recruitment ended in 

2012, with 3,445 patients from Argentina, Brazil, Canada, 

Republic of Georgia, Russia, and the United States. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$2,824,999

Fiscal Years 2004–2011—$26,914,315

Total Funding to Date—$29,739,314

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. HHS Program Support Center, Supply 

Service Center 

Perry Point, Maryland —HL-12025

2. New England Research Institutes, Inc. 

Watertown, Massachusetts —HC-45207

Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1992

The WHI was established to elucidate the etiology 

and prevention of CVD, cancers, and osteoporosis in 

women aged 50–79 years. The program consisted of 

three primary components: randomized controlled clinical trials of hormone therapy, dietary modification, and 

calcium/vitamin D supplementation; an observational 

study to identify predictors of disease; and a study of 

community approaches to developing healthful behaviors. Total participation included 161,808 women, 

17 percent of whom were from minority populations.

Currently, investigators are determining the long-term 

effects of prior hormone therapy on the cohort that participated in the clinical trials of hormone therapy. Minority 

participants are being followed to improve statistical 

power for genetic association. Self-reported outcome 

data are being collected and will be available for ancillary 

studies and a new generation of clinical trials. The rich 

resources of data and specimens are available to the scientific community and for training young investigators.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$21,909,919

Fiscal Years 1992–2011*—$815,836,945

Total Funding to Date—$837,746,164

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. State University of New York, 

Buffalo 

Buffalo, New York —268201100001

2. Ohio State University Research 

Foundation 

Columbus, Ohio —268201100002

3. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —268201100003

4. Wake Forest University Health 

Sciences 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —268201100004

5. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research 

Center 

Seattle, Washington —268201100046

6. Wake Forest University Health 

Sciences 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —268200464221

Lung Diseases

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), 

Phase II, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this network was to evaluate current 

and novel therapies and management strategies for adult 

asthma and to ensure that findings are rapidly disseminated to the medical community. The study has ended. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$113,804

Fiscal Years 2003–2011—$42,901,101

Total Funding to Date—$43,014,905

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-074218

* This figure reflects funding for the clinical trials and observational studies only. From 1992 to 1998, major support was provided through the Office of 

the Director, NIH. The Community Prevention Study receives funding through an inter-Agency agreement with the CDC: $4,000,000 in FY 1999 and 

$12,000,000 from FY 1996–1998.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical 

Network (ARDSNet), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1994

The purpose of this network is to develop and conduct randomized controlled clinical trials to prevent and 

treat acute lung injury, ARDS, and other related critical 

illnesses and improve the outcome of patients with them.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$4,886,159

Fiscal Years 1994–2011—$83,838,739

Total Funding to Date—$88,724,898

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Baystate Medical Center 

Springfield, Massachusetts —HR-56165

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HR-56166

3. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center 

Denver, Colorado —HR-56167

4. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of 

Medicine-Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-56168

5. Duke University Medical Center 

Durham, North Carolina —HR-56169

6. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-56170

7. LDS Hospital 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-56171

8. Louisiana State University 

New Orleans, Louisiana —HR-56172

9. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HR-56173

10. Vanderbilt University Medical Center 

Nashville, Tennessee —HR-56174

11. Wake Forest University Health Sciences 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HR-56175

12. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine 

Rochester, Minnesota —HR-56176

13. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-56179

Asthma Network (AsthmaNet), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this network is to develop and conduct 

multiple clinical trials of asthma management in pediatric and adult populations to identify optimal therapies 

for a variety of asthma phenotypes, genotypes, and 

racial and ethnic backgrounds. Investigators are also 

conducting a limited number of proof-of-concept studies 

to advance the development of innovative therapies and 

perform studies to investigate the mechanistic bases for 

the interventions. Approximately 30 percent of the participants will be from diverse minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$16,464,537

Fiscal Years 2009–2011—$39,300,000

Total Funding to Date—$55,764,537

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. National Jewish Health 

Denver, Colorado —HL-098075

2. University of Wisconsin, Madison 

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-098090

3. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HL-098096

4. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-098098

5. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-098102

6. Wake Forest University Health 

Science Center 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-098103

7. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-098107

8. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-098112

9. Pennsylvania State University 

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-098115

10. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-098177

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to determine the 

effectiveness and safety of long-term oxygen therapy 

in patients with COPD. Approximately 1,100 patients 

with moderate COPD are being enrolled to determine 

whether supplemental oxygen can improve their quality 

of life and extend their lifespan.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$7,562,054

Fiscal Years 2007–2011—$25,165,226

Total Funding to Date—$32,727,280
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-76183

2. Cleveland Clinic Foundation 

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-76184

3. Denver Health and Hospital Authority 

Denver, Colorado —HR-76185

4. Duke University Medical Center 

Durham, North Carolina —HR-76186

5. Los Angeles Biomedical 

Institute/Harbor-UCLA 

Los Angeles, California —HR-76188

6. Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —HR-76189

7. Temple University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-76190

8. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HR-76191

9. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-76192

10. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-76193

11. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-76194

12. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HR-76195

13. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HR-76196

14. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-76197

Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this study is to conduct proof-ofconcept Phase II clinical trials of innovative interventions 

for a sleep-associated lung disease or a cardiopulmonary 

disorder. Investigators are seeking to identify interventions that will have the potential to improve clinical 

management.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2012—$15,477,541

Fiscal Years 2010–2011—$20,436,977

Total Funding to Date—$35,914,518

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-102225

2. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-102288

3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-102547

4. University of Wisconsin 

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-105365

5. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-105371

6. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-105569

7. Mayo Clinic 

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-108712

8. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-108730

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this network is to compare innovative 

treatment methods and management strategies of potential benefit for patients undergoing blood or marrow 

transplantation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$4,051,982

Fiscal Years 2001–2011—$64,390,805

Total Funding to Date—$68,442,787

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Nebraska Medical Center 

Omaha, Nebraska —HL-069233

2. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-069246

3. Dana Farber Cancer Institute 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-069249

4. National Childhood Cancer Foundation 

Arcadia, California —HL-069254

5. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069274

6. City of Hope Medical Center 

Duarte, California —HL-069278

7. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-069286

8. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-069290

9. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HL-069291

10. Medical College of Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-069294

11. University of Florida 

Gainesville, Florida —HL-069301
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

12. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-069310

13. Sloan Kettering Institute 

for Cancer Research 

New York, New York —HL-069315

14. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-069330

15. University of Texas 

MD Anderson Cancer Center 

Houston, Texas —HL-069334

16. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-069348

17. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HL-108945

18. H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center

Tampa, Florida —HL-108987

19. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-109137

20. Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —HL-109322

21. Northside Hospital Atlanta 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-109526

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial 

(BABY HUG), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this clinical trial is to determine if 

hydroxyurea therapy is effective in preventing chronic 

end organ damage in pediatric patients with SCD.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$8,501,196

Fiscal Years 2000–2011—$22,700,173

Total Funding to Date—$31,201,369

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Children’s Research Institute 

Washington, DC —HB-07150

2. Duke University Medical Center 

Durham, North Carolina —HB-07151

3. Howard University

Washington, DC —HB-07152

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07153

5. Medical University of South Carolina 

Charleston, South Carolina —HB-07154

6. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 

Memphis, Tennessee —HB-07155

7. The Research Foundation of SUNY 

New York, New York —HB-07156

8. University of Miami 

Miami, Florida —HB-07157

9. University of Mississippi Medical Center 

Jackson, Mississippi —HB-07158

10. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center 

Dallas, Texas —HB-07159

11. Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation 

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07160

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this network is to compare new 

management strategies for individuals with hemostatic 

disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia and 

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and evaluate new 

and existing blood products and cytokines for treatment 

of hematologic disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2012—$5,902,779

Fiscal Years 2002–2011—$63,173,772

Total Funding to Date—$69,076,551

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-072028

2. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-072033

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072072

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072191

5. Weill Medical College of 

Cornell University 

New York, New York —HL-072196

6. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-072248

7. New England Research Institutes, Inc. 

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-072268

8. Tulane University of Louisiana 

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-072274

9. University of Oklahoma 

Health Sciences Center 

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-072283

10. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-072289

11. Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-072290

12. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072299
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

13. Puget Sound Blood Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-072305

14. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-072331

15. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-072346

16. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-072355

17. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072359

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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 12: Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities

12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address 

Health Disparities

Throughout its history, the NHLBI has been a 

leader in conducting and supporting research and 

programs to eliminate health disparities that exist 

between various segments of the U.S. population. 

The Institute has not only initiated research projects 

with significant racial and ethnic minority participation to compare health status between various populations, but also given high priority to programs that 

focus exclusively on minority health issues.

Since FY 1991, the Institute has had procedures in 

place to ensure full compliance with the NIH Policy 

on Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in 

Clinical Research. As a result, all NHLBI-supported 

research that involves human subjects includes 

minorities, with the exception of a very few projects 

for which a compelling justification for limited 

diversity in the study population exists. Thus, all 

segments of the population can benefit from the 

Institute’s research programs.

It has long been a goal of the NHLBI to increase 

the number of individuals from underrepresented 

groups in biomedical and behavioral research. 

Selected FY 2012 activities addressing this goal 

include the following: 

• NHLBI Research Centers at Minority Serving

Institutions: Supports establishment of research 

centers at minority serving institutions to 

strengthen research capabilities and resources 

related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and 

disorders, with the goal of enabling the institutions and their investigators to become fully 

competitive.

• Biomedical Research Training Program for 

Individuals from Underrepresented Groups 

(BRTPUG): Supports research training for 

individuals from health disparities groups who 

are underrepresented in health-related research. 

Participants work closely with research scientists in NHLBI laboratories or in the DCVS’s 

Prevention and Population Sciences Program 

where they receive training in epidemiology, 

clinical trials, and biostatistics related to the 

prevalence, etiology, prevention, and treatment 

of heart, vascular, pulmonary, and blood 

diseases.

• Short-Term Research Education Program To 

Increase Diversity in Health-Related Research: 

Promotes diversity in undergraduate and health 

professional student populations by offering 

short-term education support to stimulate career 

development in cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases and sleep disorders research.

• Program To Increase Diversity Among 

Individuals Engaged in Health-Related Research 

(PRIDE): Encourages junior research-oriented 

faculty from diverse backgrounds to expand 

their research skills and gain experience in 

advanced methods and experimental approaches 

in basic and applied sciences in heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders to increase 

their competitiveness for external research funding in the biomedical and behavioral sciences.

• Mentored Career Development Award To 

Promote Faculty Diversity/Re-Entry in 

Biomedical Research: Promotes an increase in 

the number of highly trained investigators—

from diverse backgrounds (i.e., faculty members 

who are from underrepresented racial and ethnic 

groups or who have disabilities or who are from 

disadvantaged backgrounds) or those who have 

experienced an interruption in their research 

careers—whose basic and clinical research 

interests are grounded in the advanced methods 

and experimental approaches needed to solve 

problems related to cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders.

• Mentored Career Award for Faculty at 

Institutions That Promote Diversity: Encourages 

eligible faculty members at institutions that promote diversity to undertake special studies and 

supervised research under a mentor who is an 

accomplished investigator in the research area 

proposed and who is experienced in developing 

independent investigators.

• T32 Training Program for Institutions That 

Promote Diversity: Supports the training of preand postdoctoral students and certain health 

professional students at non-research intensive 
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 12: Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities

institutions that have a mission of serving minority 

and other health disparity populations. The institution that promotes diversity must identify and 

collaborate with a research center (e.g., medical 

school or comparable institution) that has strong, 

well-established research and research training in 

cardiovascular, lung, or blood diseases. 

• Support of Competitive Research (SCORE)

Program: Fosters the development of faculty at 

minority serving institutions to increase their 

research competitiveness in the areas of heart, lung, 

and blood diseases and sleep disorders and to 

promote their transition to non-SCORE external 

sources of funding; and supports pilot awards for 

individuals at the beginning stages of a research 

career who are interested in testing a new idea or 

generating preliminary data, and for more experienced investigators who are interested in switching 

to a different field of research.

The Office of Research Training and Minority Health 

(ORTMH) within the Office of the Director provides 

oversight for, and coordinates, supports, and evaluates 

Institute programs related to minority health outcomes, 

including research, research training and career development, public outreach, and translation of research findings. The ORTMH also coordinates activities to foster 

greater participation of underrepresented minorities, 

individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds, and 

individuals with disabilities in NHLBI research and 

research training and career development programs. 

Selected FY 2012 activities include the following: 

• Issuing four training and career development RFAs 

to increase the number of highly trained individuals 

from diverse backgrounds, including individuals 

from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, 

individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds, and 

individuals with disabilities 

• Participating in HHS-Endorsed Minority Health and

Health Disparities Diversity Internship Programs by 

supporting positions in NHLBI extramural divisions 

for students from the National Association for Equal 

Opportunity in Higher Education, the Hispanic 

Association of Colleges and Universities, the 

Washington Internships for Native Students programs, and the Directors of Health Promotion and 

Education Internship Program/CDC 

• Sponsoring Project: Out of the Box, an activity in

collaboration with the Cherokee and Smokey 

Mountain Elementary Schools that is designed to 

create awareness and interest in the importance of 

science, medicine, and health; eliminate gaps in quality of health among diverse groups by encouraging 

an interest in health-related careers; and empower 

children to take responsibility for their health

• Providing undergraduate students from the Tougaloo 

College Scholars program in the Jackson Heart 

Study with an opportunity to visit the NIH for 

3 days to learn about biomedical research and 

research training opportunities at the NHLBI/NIH

• Increasing recruitment of individuals for the NHLBI

intramural and extramural training programs by 

representing the Institute at four diversity-focused 

research meetings to raise awareness of research 

and research training and career development opportunities supported by the NHLBI

• Coordinating the Biomedical Research Training 

Program for Individuals From Underrepresented 

Groups, which offers opportunities for underrepresented health professional degree students and postbaccalaureate individuals to receive training in fundamental biomedical sciences and clinical research 

as they relate to the etiology and treatment of heart, 

blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases

• Serving as the NHLBI contact for guidance to

candidates applying for the NIH Pathway to 

Independence Award and the NHLBI Career 

Transition Award for extramural programmatic 

issues

See Chapter 13 for additional NHLBI-supported 

research training and career development programs for 

individuals from diverse backgrounds.

The following text describes selected current projects 

that focus on minority populations and reflect the 

Institute’s research portfolio related to minority health. 

Additional information can be found in Chapters 9, 10, 

and 11.

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Epidemiology

Long-term epidemiologic studies are critical to uncovering risk factors that lead to disease. The Institute has 

initiated several major studies of heart disease focused 

significantly or completely on minority populations:
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• CARDIA (see Chapter 10): To determine the evolution of CHD risk factors and lifestyle characteristics 

in young adults that may influence development of 

risk factors and subclinical disease prior to middle 

age. Fifty percent of participants are black.

• ARIC (see Chapter 10): To investigate the etiology 

of atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae and variation in cardiovascular risk factors, medical care, and 

disease by race, sex, place, and time. Approximately 

30 percent of participants are black.

• JHS (see Chapter 10): To identify biological, 

environmental, psychosocial, and genetic factors 

influencing evolution and progression of CVD in 

blacks. 

• MESA (see Chapter 10): To examine the characteristics of subclinical CVD that predict progression to 

clinically overt CVD and related risk factors that 

predict subclinical disease in blacks, whites, 

Hispanics, and persons of Asian ethnic background. 

Sixty-two percent of participants are from minority 

populations. 

• HCHS-SOL (see Chapter 10): To identify risk factors for cardiovascular and lung disease in Hispanic 

populations in the United States and determine the 

role of acculturation in their prevalence and 

development.

The Institute supports components of the NHANES 

that track the prevalence of disease and risk factors for 

cardiovascular and lung diseases by race and ethnicity 

in the U.S. population and the National Longitudinal 

Mortality Study that analyzes socioeconomic, demographic, occupational, and racial differentials in mortality in the United States.

The NHLBI also supports a variety of investigatorinitiated research activities across a range of racial and 

ethnic groups on health disparities in heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders and on risk factors 

and genetic contributors to their development. Many of 

them are ancillary studies to NHLBI-initiated cohort 

studies.

Risk Factors

Investigator-initiated studies on cardiovascular risk 

factors in underrepresented racial and ethnic groups range 

in focus from biological to environmental, psychosocial, 

and cultural factors. One study among blacks in the JHS 

is characterizing the relationships between vascular function and CVD risk factors and indicators of subclinical 

CVD, and detecting gene variants that influence vascular 

function. A second study is investigating the effects of 

low vitamin D levels and CVD risk in blacks in the 

biethnic ARIC cohort. A third study is using echocardiographic examinations of a subsample of adult participants 

in the HCHS to determine a population-based estimate 

of the prevalence of abnormal systolic and diastolic 

cardiac function in Hispanic adults and the degree of 

heterogeneity in cardiac function between Hispanic subgroups and to establish the relationship of determinants 

particularly relevant to the Hispanic population (diabetes 

biomarkers and psychosocial/socioeconomic factors) to 

cardiac structure and function.

Other studies are determining geographic and ethnic 

variations in the prevalence of CHD risk factors, assessing the role of the neighborhood environment on the 

development of CVD and its risk factors in MESA 

participants, and investigating risk factors linked to 

atherosclerosis and disease progression in individuals of 

South Asian descent who are living in America.

Genetic Epidemiology

Genetic epidemiology is concerned with the role of 

genetic factors in the etiology of disease within groups 

of relatives and the interplay of genetic factors with 

environmental factors. NHLBI-supported studies 

include those focusing on gene discovery through both 

linkage studies in family-based samples and GWASs 

in population-based samples; the effects of gene–

environment interactions on risk factors and health; and 

genotypic characterization in relationship to intermediate 

phenotypes, such as biomarkers. An Institute-initiated 

study is investigating functional aspects of genetic 

variation in humans.

• Next Generation Genetic Association Studies 

(see Chapter 9): To add a functional dimension 

to genomic studies by combining cellular reprogramming strategies with molecular profiling or 

cellular assays followed by integration of this 

information with existing genotypic and clinical 

phenotypic data to assess how naturally occurring 

human genetic variation influences the activities 

of biological networks in cell-based models of 

disease. One study is investigating the molecular 

mechanisms and pathways that underlie the genetic 
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basis of left ventricular hypertrophy, leveraging the 

epidemiological and genetic work of the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network: Echo study. 

Fifty-five percent of participants are black.

Genetic epidemiologic research is also beginning a 

transition to predicting and assessing genetic risk and 

reporting genetic results to participants of research studies. Examples are studies of genetics of hypertension in 

populations of West African origin; the role of stress in 

gene–environment interaction in a multi-ethnic population; the contribution of genetic variation to obstructive 

sleep apnea, impaired endothelial function, and central 

blood pressure in Mexican Americans; genetic variation 

that underlies obesity and obesity-related phenotypes 

among Samoan adults; and rare variants for hypertension 

in Taiwan Chinese.

Health Disparities

The NHLBI is committed to supporting research that 

will contribute to reducing health disparities among 

racial and ethnic minorities. Relevant Institute-initiated 

programs include: 

• CPHHD (see Chapter 9): To promote transdisciplinary research in health disparities in order to 

improve health outcomes and quality of life for 

populations at high risk for CVD. The population 

will consist primarily of blacks and Hispanics. 

• NHLBI Center for Cardiovascular Outcomes

Research (see Chapter 9): To conduct research that 

focuses on measuring, evaluating, and improving 

outcomes of cardiovascular care. Approximately 

30 percent of participants will be from racial and 

ethnic minority populations.

• Cardiovascular Research Network (CVRN): To

leverage integrated data systems to increase 

scientific knowledge of CVD, including epidemiology, risk and risk factors, prevention, detection 

and diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in the 

context of the delivery of community-based 

health care. Approximately 35 percent of patients 

in the CVRN cohorts, such as its hypertension 

registry of more than 1.5 million individuals with 

controlled and uncontrolled hypertension and its 

cohort of more than 33,000 patients with incident 

atrial fibrillation, are from minority populations.

Compared with white men, black men are disproportionately affected by premature mortality and CVD, 

perhaps in part due to their greater exposure to social and 

economic adversity across the lifespan. One study is 

seeking to understand the developmental antecedents of 

poor sleep and cardiovascular risk in black and white 

men who have been followed since they were enrolled in 

the first grade. Data obtained include health behaviors 

and academic and social competence; parental health 

behaviors; parenting practices; household SES; and 

neighborhood characteristics, including census tract SES, 

exposure to violence, and community cohesiveness and 

involvement. Research results will facilitate the design of 

interventions to prevent adverse health consequences of 

early life experiences, thereby reducing health disparities. 

Education

The NHLBI hosts Children and Clinical Studies (see 

http://www.ChildrenAndClinicalStudies.nhlbi.nih.gov), 

an educational Web site for children and their families 

and health care providers to improve their understanding 

of pediatric research. The site offers information in 

English and Spanish about the importance of research on 

children, safety measures in clinical trials, and potential 

effects on a family when a child is enrolled in a study. 

The site also has a section about minority interests and 

concerns.

The NHLBI, through the DARD, translates research 

findings into practice by facilitating the development of 

clinical practice guidelines; communicating research 

advances; and disseminating health information to physicians, health care professionals, patients, and the public 

on ways to prevent or treat diseases within the Institute’s 

mandate. 

In 2011, the Institute initiated the National Program 

to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk (NPRCR) aimed at 

reducing the risk of CVD by focusing on implementing 

evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk factors throughout the 

lifespan. Topics include cholesterol, blood pressure, and 

obesity, among others. NPRCR also includes efforts to 

reduce health disparities in CVD risk.

The Institute supports the following activities to 

improve cardiovascular health in racial and cultural/ethnic 

groups: 

• The Community Health Worker Health Disparities 

Initiative: To improve cardiovascular health among 

black, Hispanic, American Indian, Alaska Native, 
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and Filipino-American communities using the community health worker model to promote evidencebased programs to improve, heart health knowledge, 

attitudes, and behaviors.

• NHLBI–Health Resources and Services Administration Bureau of Primary Care Partnership: To integrate clinical care management teams and trained 

community health educators to implement pilot 

programs for blacks, Hispanics, and Filipinos in the 

United States who are at high risk for CVD.

• Salud para su Corazón: To develop networks and 

partnerships to disseminate information and strategies and to train promotores or community health 

workers about evidence-based CVD prevention 

and control, in order to promote heart healthy 

knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in Hispanic 

communities.

• Honoring the Gift of Heart Health: To train community health workers, community health representatives, dieticians, and other health education providers 

to deliver culturally and linguistically appropriate, 

evidence-based curricula to prevent and control CVD 

risk factors in American Indian tribal communities; 

and to analyze, summarize, and disseminate findings 

from completed pilot projects that developed and 

evaluated community-based interventions to prevent 

and control CVD risk factors among American 

Indian tribal communities.

• Healthy Heart, Healthy Family: To train community 

health workers to deliver culturally and linguistically appropriate, evidence-based curricula and to 

conduct outreach activities that increase community 

awareness of heart disease and its associated risk 

factors and that promote heart healthy lifestyles 

among the growing population of Filipino heritage 

in the United States; to analyze, summarize, and 

disseminate findings from completed pilot projects 

to increase community awareness of heart disease 

and its associated risk factors; and to promote heart 

healthy lifestyles among the Filipino population in 

the United States.

• With Every Heartbeat is Life: To train community 

health workers to deliver culturally and linguistically 

appropriate, evidence-based curricula to prevent and 

control CVD risk factors in black communities.

• The Heart Truth® Campaign: To raise awareness of 

heart disease in women through community-based 

interventions and social marketing media. Special 

populations are particularly targeted through the 

Heart Truth’s Women of Color Initiative, a partnership with national black and Hispanic organizations.

• We Can!® (Ways to Enhance Children’s Activity & 

Nutrition): To help children ages 8–13 years maintain a healthy weight by providing curricula, tools, 

tips, and other resources to parents, caregivers, communities, and organizations. Special attention is 

directed to black, Hispanic, and American Indian/

Alaska Native populations.

In addition to the activities mentioned above, the 

Institute has prepared and distributed publications on 

CVD prevention for racial and ethnic minority populations. They include the following:

• With Every Heartbeat Is Life: A Community Health 

Worker’s Manual for African Americans

• Heart Healthy Home Cooking African American 

Style 

• On the Move to Better Heart Health for African 

Americans

• The Heart Truth for African American Women: 

An Action Plan 

• Honoring the Gift of Heart Health: A Heart Health 

Educator’s Manual for American Indians

• Your Choice for Change: Honoring the Gift of 

Heart Health for American Indians

• Healthy Heart, Healthy Family: A Community 

Health Worker’s Manual for the Filipino Community 

in English and Tagalog 

• Healthy Heart, Healthy Family Series in English 

and Tagalog 

• Vietnamese Aspire for Healthy Hearts 

• Your Heart, Your Life: A Health Educator’s Manual 

for the Latino Community in English and Spanish 

• Delicious Heart Healthy Latino Recipes

• Healthy Hearts, Healthy Homes Series in English 

and Spanish

• The Heart Truth for Latinas: An Action Plan

The educational materials listed throughout this chapter can be obtained from the NHLBI public Web site or 

through the NHLBI online catalog.
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Heart Failure

Heart failure (heart muscle dysfunction) affects 

approximately 5 million Americans and is a growing 

public health concern. It is frequently the end result of 

other conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and 

prior heart attacks.

Findings from the CARDIA study showed that heart 

failure before age 50 is substantially more common in 

blacks than in whites. Among black participants, risk 

factors such as high blood pressure, obesity, and chronic 

kidney disease often preceded heart failure by 10 to 

20 years. 

The Institute supports a clinical trials network to 

facilitate the translation of basic science discoveries into 

clinical applications and a drug trial in patients with heart 

failure and preserved ejection fraction equal to or greater 

than 45 percent:

• Heart Failure Clinical Research Network (see

Chapter 11): To develop, coordinate, and conduct 

multiple collaborative proof-of-concept clinical 

protocols to improve heart failure outcomes. The 

Network will make a concerted effort to recruit 

minority patients according to established NHLBI 

policy. 

• TOPCAT (see Chapter 11): To evaluate the effectiveness of spironolactone to reduce mortality and 

hospitalizations for heart failure in patients with 

heart failure and preserved systolic function. Heart 

failure with preserved systolic function is a condition that occurs with greater frequency in women 

and blacks, and is associated with hypertension, 

a common comorbidity among blacks.

An investigator-initiated study is assessing the effect of 

a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor in patients with heart 

failure due to systolic dysfunction. In this study, concerted efforts are being made to recruit black patients who 

do not tolerate hydralazine and nitrates, which are guideline-based therapies for this population and which are 

contraindicated with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. 

High Blood Pressure

Etiology

High blood pressure is a serious health problem that is 

especially prevalent and severe among minorities. 

The NHLBI supports a number of investigator-initiated 

studies to identify genes linked to hypertension in blacks, 

Mexican Americans, persons of Asian ethnic background, 

and whites to determine whether part of the disparity in 

prevalence can be attributed to genetic differences among 

the groups. Genes under investigation include those 

associated with the renin-angiotensin system, the autonomic nervous system, and sodium transport.

The role of dietary factors, particularly macronutrients, in the etiology of high blood pressure is another 

area of investigation. Scientists are conducting epidemiologic studies among participants with diverse ethnicity, 

SES, and dietary habits in four countries to determine 

the effect of selected dietary components (proteins, 

lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, calcium, magnesium, 

sodium, potassium, antioxidants, fiber, and caffeine) 

on blood pressure.

Researchers are also seeking to understand the role 

of obesity in the development of high blood pressure. 

One study is investigating the effect of natriuretic peptides (hormones produced by the heart) in blood pressure 

regulation and dietary salt sensitivity, and relating findings to previous findings that obese individuals have 

decreased numbers of circulating natriuretic peptides. 

Approximately 40 percent of study participants are 

expected to be from minority subgroups. Another study 

is determining the contributions of the sympathetic and 

nitric oxide systems to obesity-associated hypertension 

in black women.

Treatment and Prevention

Identifying effective treatment strategies for various 

populations requires large-scale studies with representative populations in sufficient numbers.

• SPRINT (see Chapter 11): To determine whether 

intensive lowering of systolic blood pressure below 

the currently recommended standard will reduce 

the risk of cardiovascular and kidney diseases or 

age-related cognitive decline. To date, 43 percent 

of participants are from diverse racial and ethnic 

minority populations.

• Reducing the Impact of Hypertension in Low and

Middle Income Countries (see Chapter 9): To 

improve high blood pressure prevention and control 

in low and middle income countries. Scientists 

will determine the barriers and facilitators to blood 
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pressure control and will develop strategies to 

improve hypertension control rates while reducing 

health disparities across population subgroups. All 

participants will be Hispanic or black. 

The Institute also supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies to prevent hypertension and improve 

blood pressure control in racial and ethnic minorities. 

Interventions target both lay and medical communities. 

Strategies being tested include communication skill 

enhancement, organizational change, educational programs, lifestyle and nutritional counseling, use of technology, case management, pharmacy-based interventions, 

and provision of care by community health workers and 

other nontraditional providers.

One study is testing a church-based lifestyle intervention to reduce blood pressure using group classes and 

motivational interviews to help participants make and 

maintain therapeutic lifestyle changes. Approximately 

400 blacks with high blood pressure are expected to 

participate. Another study is determining whether overcoming “clinical inertia” by providing clinicians with 

patients’ electronic adherence to medication records will 

lead to more intensive treatment and improved blood 

pressure control in patients with uncontrolled blood pressure. The majority of the patients are black. A third 

study is determining whether vitamin D and fish oil 

supplements can lower blood pressure and prevent 

hypertension in a multiracial and ethnic population.

Hypertension in adolescents is no longer a rare occurrence but is rising as a result of the obesity epidemic in 

the United States. An Institute-initiated study within the 

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research 

Consortium is focusing on interventions to treat obesity 

and reduce blood pressure in urban youth:

• Targeting Obesity and Blood Pressure in Urban 

Youth: To assess three behavioral approaches that 

affect lifestyle change through child-family and 

school-community environments. Most participants are from various minority and ethnic 

populations.

An investigator-initiated study is comparing the 

effects of a behavioral intervention based on the DASH 

diet to routine nutrition care on changing diet quality, 

blood pressure, hypertension status, and vascular 

function in adolescents with elevated blood pressure. 

Thirty-five percent of participants are from various racial 

and ethnic populations.

Education

The NHLBI has developed a number of outreach 

activities to inform minority populations of the importance of blood pressure control. Several publications and 

Web-based products have been developed and distributed 

for health professionals, patients, and the public. Some 

examples are:

• Presión Arterial Alta: NHLBI Health Topics Index

• Keep the Beat: Control Your High Blood Pressure in 

English and Spanish

• Help Your Heart: Control Your High Blood Pressure

in Tagalog and English

• Keep Your Heart in Check—Know Your Blood Pressure Number in Vietnamese and English

• Your Choice for Change: Honoring the Gift of Heart 

Health for American Indians

High Serum Cholesterol

Etiology

The Institute supports investigator-initiated studies 

to identify genes that influence lipoprotein profiles in 

various racial and ethnic groups. Research findings 

could offer an explanation for differences in susceptibility to CHD found among the groups. A project involving 

extended families of Mexican Americans in the 

San Antonio Family Heart Study has detected and

mapped many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for CVD 

risk factors, including some that influence HDL and 

LDL levels. Scientists are seeking to identify genes for 

QTLs that are related to lipoproteins.

Treatment

Research has shown that patients with elevated LDL 

levels who have been advised to make lifestyle changes 

and to take statins often do not comply with the prescribed 

regimens. An investigator-initiated study is seeking to 

develop and evaluate an interactive virtual environment 

system to increase the initiation and maintenance of medication adherence and therapeutic lifestyle change in 

patients who are at risk for CHD. Patients will be able to 

access the system to seek advice from a virtual health care 

provider and get assistance in developing an effective care 

plan that is based on clinical guidelines. 
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Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on blood cholesterol for minority audiences:

• Healthy Hearts, Healthy Homes—Do You Know 

Your Cholesterol Levels? in English and Spanish

• Heart-Healthy Home Cooking African American 

Style

• Delicious Heart-Healthy Latino Recipes in English 

and Spanish

• Healthy Heart, Healthy Family—Be Heart Smart:

Keep Your Cholesterol in Check in Tagalog and 

English

• Serve Up a Healthy Life—Give the Gift of Good

Nutrition in Vietnamese and English

Obesity

Etiology

Obesity is a major health concern that affects children 

and adults. Minorities—including American Indians, 

blacks, and Mexican Americans—are especially at risk. 

Data from the 2007–2008 NHANES show that 34 percent of adults and 17 percent of children aged 2–19 years 

are obese. Understanding the causes of obesity could 

lead to effective strategies to combat it. A long-term 

investigator-initiated study is examining parental and 

extended family influences on the development of childhood obesity in Mexican American children. Another 

study is elucidating the interconnected biological and 

social pathways associated with adolescent obesity and 

risk for later development of type 2 diabetes and CVD 

in Latin American youth. The goal of the study is to 

identify modifiable conditions to prevent obesity and 

related diseases. 

The NHLBI funds several studies that focus on 

genetic risk factors for obesity in one or more minority 

populations. Evidence for obesity genes has been identified on chromosome 4 in American Indians, on chromosome 9 in Mexican Americans, and on chromosomes 5 

and 6 in blacks. In some cases, the results confirm those 

found in European Americans, and in other cases, the 

results represent novel findings.

Researchers have found that black and Hispanic 

children are especially likely to develop sleep apnea. 

An investigator-initiated study will assess the role of 

obesity in the development of abnormalities that increase 

the likelihood of developing sleep apnea and whether 

the problem can be corrected with weight loss. Eighty 

percent of participants are black. Another study with 

multi-ethnic participation is determining whether obese 

children with sleep apnea are at increased risk of cognitive impairment and vascular disease. 

Treatment and Prevention

The NHLBI has initiated programs to test approaches 

for treating or preventing obesity:

• EARLY Trials (see Chapter 11): To develop and 

evaluate innovative approaches for weight control in 

young adults from ethnically and socioeconomically 

diverse populations who are at high risk for weight 

gain.

• ORBIT (see Chapter 9): To translate findings from 

basic research on human behavior into more effective clinical, community, and population interventions to reduce obesity and improve obesity-related 

behaviors. Some of the studies are expected to have 

50- to 100-percent participation from minority 

populations.

• COPTR Consortium (see Chapter 11): To test 

interventions to prevent excess weight gain in nonoverweight and overweight youth and to reduce 

weight in obese and severely obese youth. More 

than 50 percent of participants are expected to be 

from racial or ethnic minority populations.

• Translating Basic Behavioral and Social Science 

Discoveries Into Interventions to Reduce Obesity 

(see Chapter 9): To translate findings from basic 

research on human behavior into more effective 

clinical, community, and population interventions to 

reduce obesity and improve obesity-related behaviors. Most of the studies have strong participation 

from minority populations.

The Institute supports a number of studies on the 

effectiveness of obesity prevention and control interventions among diverse populations. Studies that focus on 

obese children and adolescents are evaluating the effect 

of adding environmental approaches to a standard family-based intervention to reduce overeating in obese children primarily from a minority population; exploring 

whether naturally occurring social support networks can 

help parents manage their children’s weight in a population where 40 percent of the children are expected to be 
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from racial and ethnic minority populations; testing a 

community-based, multimodal, early childhood intervention to reduce obesity in American Indians; developing a 

culturally appropriate intervention for teen mothers, 

many of whom are from racial and ethnic and low socioeconomic backgrounds, to prevent obesity in their children; evaluating an intensive school-based intervention 

that involves physical activity and diet to reduce the 

prevalence of obesity among a diverse racial and ethnic 

population of high school students; and testing an intervention, delivered by a handheld computer, for improving diet and exercise in obese adolescents, half of whom 

are black.

Studies of obese adults are determining whether supplementing nurse and dietitian case management care 

with structured environmental support, provided by community health workers, improves weight loss and maintenance relative to usual care in a mostly obese Hispanic 

population of low SES; determining the effectiveness of 

various financial incentives to get obese individuals from 

mostly diverse minority populations to sustain weight 

loss; assessing the efficacy of Web-based pregnancy and 

postpartum behavioral intervention to prevent weight 

retention after childbirth in black women compared with 

usual care; and evaluating an intervention that supports 

primary care treatment of obesity in adults with at least 

one other cardiovascular risk factor. One project has 

strong participation from Hispanics. 

Many obese adults have difficulty breathing upon 

physical exertion and therefore are unable to exercise 

sufficiently. It is unclear whether this is because the individuals are in poor physical condition and could be 

helped with endurance exercise training, or whether obesity-related respiratory changes have occurred that necessitate weight loss before exercise training can be 

effective. Researchers are planning to investigate this 

question in obese individuals by assessing the effect of 

endurance exercise training (without weight loss) versus 

weight loss (without exercise training) on breathing difficulties after physical exertion. Approximately 40 percent 

of participants will be from minority populations.

Education

The NHLBI has prepared and distributed health information for minorities on losing excess weight: 

• Healthy Hearts, Healthy Homes—Do You Need To 

Lose Weight? in English and Spanish 

• ¿En Qué Consiste el Sobrepeso y la Obesidad? 

(What Are Overweight and Obesity?) in the NHLBI 

Health Topics Index 

• We Can!®: Many bilingual (English and Spanish) 

publications on energy balance are available on the 

Web site at http://wecan.nhlbi.nih.gov

Physical Inactivity

Despite substantial research about the benefits of 

physical activity on CVD and its risk factors, physical 

inactivity is highly prevalent, especially among minority 

populations. Researchers have observed an age-related 

decline in physical activity or aerobic capacity in the 

biracial cohorts of two Institute-initiated longitudinal 

cohort studies.

The transition from elementary school to middle 

school marks a critical stage in the development of young 

people and the period during which physical activity 

tends to decline dramatically. An investigator-initiated 

study is investigating factors that contribute to the decline 

and the potential moderating effects of gender, race, 

socioeconomic status, and neighborhood environment on 

factors that influence changes in physical activity. The 

majority of participants will be from racial and ethnic 

minority populations.

A comprehensive intervention involving in-school 

counseling sessions, interactive Internet-based sessions, 

and an after-school physical activity program is seeking 

to motivate middle school-aged girls from mostly 

Hispanic and black populations to achieve regular 

moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Another study 

will collect data on aspects of neighborhood environments that are most often associated with physical activity in adolescents and determine whether this information 

can be used, via interventions offered in the offices of 

pediatricians, to help children increase their physical 

activity. A third study will develop and evaluate policies 

to increase physical activity and improve nutrition during 

summer and after-school programs sponsored by the 

YMCA. Approximately 50 percent of the children are 

expected to be black.

Regular physical activity is important for cardiovascular health throughout life. Investigators are designing 

and evaluating a long-term, multilevel physical activity 

intervention for sedentary residents who are living in 

retirement communities. The intervention uses a variety 
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of elements, including self-monitoring with a pedometer, 

group sessions and peer mentoring, and such environmental components as tailored walking maps. 

Approximately 25 percent of participants are expected 

to be from racial and ethnic minority populations.

Several investigator-initiated studies are evaluating 

culturally appropriate interventions to increase physical 

activity. Projects include those that use faith-based 

approaches involving church leaders and congregations 

to increase activity levels in blacks and those that test 

culturally targeted interventions in schools or among 

pregnant women and parents with young children.

Several projects are using mobile phone technology 

to increase physical activity and decrease sedentary 

behaviors. These studies capitalize on recent advances 

in communication technologies, such as “smart phones,” 

that offer a new way to deliver convenient and sustainable adherence strategies. In one study, women are 

receiving prompts, video clips, and individualized feedback via their cell phones to help them increase their 

physical activity levels. Approximately 60 percent of 

the women are expected to be from racial and ethnic 

minority populations. In another study with large minority participation, researchers are assessing a program 

that is designed to improve diet and activity levels in 

sedentary people with poor quality diets; all participants 

use “smart phones” to monitor themselves and transmit 

information to a personal coach.

Education

The Institute has prepared and distributed the following 

publications for minorities on the importance of physical 

activity and ways to become more physically active:

• On the Move to Better Health for African Americans

• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Be 

Active for Your Heart!

• Are You at Risk for Heart Disease? in Tagalog and 

English

• Be Active for a Healthier Heart in Vietnamese and 

English 

• We Can!®: Many bilingual (English and Spanish) 

publications on physical activity and energy balance 

are available on the Web site at http://wecan.nhlbi.

nih.gov

The Institute also has developed a Web-based application on physical activity for lay health educators in 

English and Spanish, which can be found at http://hin.

nhlbi.nih.gov/salud/pa/index.htm.

Smoking

Smoking is a major risk factor for CHD, stroke, 

COPD, and other cardiovascular and respiratory conditions and is the leading cause of preventable death. 

Although considerable progress has been made in reducing smoking rates and providing effective prevention and 

cessation interventions, additional research is needed to 

extend these efforts and improve the maintenance of 

behavior change.

The Institute has initiated smoking intervention programs in specialized groups:

• CHART (see Chapter 11): To evaluate the translation of efficacious smoking cessation strategies 

initiated during hospitalization and continued postdischarge into effective programs that can be widely 

implemented in routine clinical practice and assess 

their cost-effectiveness. One of the projects will 

have approximately 75 percent participation from 

Hispanics, blacks, and persons of Asian ethnic 

background.

• Longitudinal Studies of HIV-Associated Lung 

Infections and Complications: To develop and 

evaluate a specialized smoking cessation intervention for the treatment of nicotine dependence in 

HIV-seropositive smokers who are at high risk of 

developing accelerated emphysema. Forty percent 

of participants are black.

The NHLBI supports a number of studies of smoking 

cessation in underserved populations. One study among 

predominately black women who live in public housing 

neighborhoods is evaluating smoking cessation interventions that use a combination of strategies—including 

contact with community health workers, small-group 

behavioral counseling, and neighborhood support groups. 

Another study is comparing the efficacy of a hospitalinitiated behavioral intervention to conventional care 

practices in reducing household secondhand smoke 

exposure in low-income, multi-ethnic parents of infants 

who were in neonatal intensive units. Two studies 

among military personnel are testing interventions that 

focus on smoking cessation and subsequent abstinence. 
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Approximately 35–40 percent of participants are expected 

to be from racial and ethnic minority populations. 

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on smoking cessation for minorities:

• Enjoy Living Smoke Free in English and Spanish

• Be Heart Healthy: Enjoy Living Smoke Free in 

Tagalog and English

• Don’t Burn Your Life Away—Be Good to Your Heart

in Tagalog and English and in Vietnamese and 

English

Psychosocial Factors

Etiology

A large and consistent body of evidence has demonstrated that psychosocial factors—such as depression, 

stress, and low social support—are associated with 

elevated risk for CVD and major adverse cardiac events 

in heart disease patients. Additionally, race and ethnicity, 

gender, and social class are important factors that can 

influence these associations in important ways.

The NHLBI is funding research to identify more precisely the nature of the relationship between depression 

and adverse cardiac outcomes. One study is testing the 

hypothesis that physical inactivity mediates the relationship between depression and cardiac outcome risk. Sixty 

percent of participants are expected to be from racial and 

ethnic populations. Another study is seeking to increase 

understanding of the mechanisms that lead to death in 

depressed patients with heart disease by assessing the 

effects of stress on heart and brain function in heart disease patients with and without depression. Approximately 

45 percent of participants are expected to be from minority groups. A third study is examining the potential epigenetic mechanisms that link depression and CVD. More 

than 50 percent of participants are expected to be black. 

A fourth study is identifying depression phenotypes and 

mechanisms that cause patients who have experienced an 

acute coronary event to have excess cardiac and mortality 

risk. Participants are from various racial and ethnic 

populations.

The Institute supports research on the interactions of 

psychosocial factors with race and ethnicity, environmental factors, and low SES in the development of 

CHD. One study is examining the contribution of social 

stressors and physical environments at the individual 

and neighborhood levels in the development of metabolic and cardiovascular risk profiles in adolescents 

with low SES. Most participants are from various 

racial and ethnic minority populations. Another study is 

investigating the contribution of biobehavioral factors 

(hostility, anxiety, and heightened cardiovascular reactivity to stress) in the etiology, pathogenesis, and course 

of CHD. Racial differences in stress-induced physiologic responses are also being examined. A third study 

is determining whether “everyday discrimination” 

(e.g., subtle, day-to-day forms of unfair treatment, such 

as minor insults experienced by black women as a function of their marginalized status) is an important risk 

factor in the development of CVD in black women.

The nature of the relationship between acute and 

chronic forms of stress and cardiac morbidity and mortality is particularly relevant to minority populations, 

because stress induced by environmental, social, and discriminatory influences can be significant. A study is 

investigating whether the effect of acute and chronic 

exposure to established risk factors (depressive symptoms, major life events, and lack of social support) for 

CVD during a 5-year period is related to a 2-year 

increase of subclinical CVD in a sample of women 

undergoing menopause. Fifty-five percent of participants 

will be black.

Treatment

The Institute supports several investigator-initiated 

studies to develop and evaluate interventions to improve 

cardiovascular outcomes. One study is seeking to determine the efficacy of a mindfulness-based personalized 

health plan intervention on reducing inflammation, a 

significant predictor of future CVD, via reductions in traditional risk factors, selected psychosocial attributes, and 

stress-reactivity among at-risk adults. Approximately 

30 percent of participants will be from minority populations. Another study is evaluating the effectiveness of 

stress management training combined with exercisebased cardiac rehabilitation as a way to reduce stress in 

vulnerable cardiac patients. Approximately 25 percent 

of participants are black. A third study is developing and 

evaluating an intervention among racial minorities that 

reduces the impact of bias by reducing stereotypic perceptions that render patients and providers less able to 

communicate effectively and impair the effect of the 
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visit to improve patient self-management behavior. 

Additional studies are investigating whether stress 

management in a high-risk population of blacks with 

hypertension can influence cardiovascular risk factors.

Diabetes

Etiology

Obesity dramatically increases the risk of many diseases, such as CVD and type 2 diabetes. An investigatorinitiated study is seeking to identify obesity-induced 

epigenetic changes in the immune and inflammatory 

response and evaluate whether these changes are associated with the risk of CVD and type 2 diabetes. Fifty 

percent of participants will be black. 

Diabetes mellitus is a strong risk factor for CVD. 

Individuals with type 2 diabetes are 2 to 4 times more 

likely to be at risk for CHD than the general population. 

Using GWASs, investigators have identified several 

genetic variants for CHD in the general population. 

An investigator-initiated study is seeking to identify new 

genetic variants for excessive risk of CHD in diabetic 

patients, assess the genetic effects on intermediate biochemical changes, and examine gene–environment 

interactions. One of the data sources will come from 

the Costa Rican Diabetes–CHD case-control study.

Treatment and Prevention

The NHLBI supports clinical trials to determine the 

benefits of various strategies to reduce CVD among 

patients with diabetes or treat patients with coronary 

artery disease and diabetes:

• ACCORDION (see Chapter 10): To obtain longterm (10 years on average) data on ACCORD 

participants. More than 33 percent of participants 

are from minority populations.

• Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study─

Phase II (see Chapter 11): To determine the efficacy 

of treatments to prevent or delay the development of 

type 2 diabetes in a population at high risk due to 

the presence of impaired glucose tolerance. Two of 

the sites have strong participation from minority 

populations.

• Look AHEAD (see Chapter 11): To test the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in obese participants with type 2 diabetes over a long-term period. 

One of the clinical centers will direct its interventions toward American Indians.

An investigator-initiated study is comparing the effectiveness of two strategies of coronary revascularization—

coronary percutaneous stenting versus coronary artery 

bypass surgery—in patients with diabetes and multivessel 

coronary artery disease. Twenty-seven percent of participants are from minority populations.

Gestational diabetes during pregnancy is a risk factor 

for CVD. Research is underway that will design and 

test a behavioral intervention to improve postpartum 

CVD-preventive health behaviors and promote primary 

followup care in women with gestational diabetes, most 

of whom are black.

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on diabetes for minorities:

• Healthy Hearts, Healthy Homes—Protect Your 

Heart Against Diabetes in English and Spanish

• Healthy Heart, Healthy Family—Protect Your 

Heart: Prevent and Control Diabetes in Tagalog 

and English

HIV-Related Cardiovascular Diseases

Use of multidrug antiretroviral therapy has improved 

life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals to the point 

that HIV/AIDS is now a chronic condition for many 

patients. As a result, CVD is presently causing an 

increasing proportion of the deaths of HIV-infected 

individuals. 

The Institute initiated research on the development of 

CVD in HIV-infected patients and potential management 

strategies:

• Mechanisms and Management of Cardiovascular

and Metabolic Complications of HIV/AIDS: To 

elucidate the underlying mechanisms of metabolic 

and anthropometric abnormalities found in HIVinfected patients and relate the mechanisms to CVD 

risk; evaluate biomarkers and imaging methods for 

assessing coronary artery disease and risk in HIV 

patients; and identify strategies that reduce cardiovascular risk and optimize the medical management 

of HIV infection. Approximately 50 percent of 

participants are from ethnic and minority 

populations.
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Lung Diseases

The NHLBI supports research on several lung diseases—such as asthma, sarcoidosis, TB, and HIV-related 

lung diseases—that disproportionately affect minorities. 

The following section provides examples of research to 

address health disparities in lung diseases; selected sleep 

disorders are also included.

Asthma

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and 

narrows the airways. It affects people of all ages and 

most often starts in childhood. In the United States, 

more than 24 million people are known to have asthma, 

and more than 7 million of them are children. Asthma 

disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities, 

such as blacks and Puerto Ricans. These groups have 

higher rates of emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths due to asthma than their white 

counterparts.

Etiology

The NHLBI has initiated additional studies to improve 

understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of 

asthma:

• Severe Asthma Research Program (see Chapter 9): 

To define severe asthma at the molecular and 

cellular levels over time in order to gain an understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and 

provide a basis for design of mechanism-based 

diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment strategies for 

children and adults with severe asthma. Several of 

the projects have strong participation from minority 

populations.

• Airway Smooth Muscle Function and Targeted 

Therapeutics in Human Asthma: To investigate the 

complex role that airway smooth muscle plays in the 

development of asthma and to identify innovative 

therapeutic targets. Two projects expect 30–50 percent of participants to be from minority populations.

The Institute also supports investigator-initiated projects on the etiology and pathophysiology of asthma. 

Several projects focus on the role of genetics in the 

development of asthma. One study will identify genetic, 

biologic, and immunologic characteristics and environmental exposures that interact in children who experience severe bronchiolitis caused by the respiratory 

syncytial virus early in life and subsequently determine 

their role in the development of asthma, airway hyperreactivity, and allergy. Forty percent of participants will 

be black. Another study will improve understanding of 

the etiology of asthma and the response to asthma drugs 

by performing GWASs to identify genetic factors that are 

associated with asthma, asthma severity, and bronchodilator response in two Latino subgroups. Additional 

studies will identify the genes and structural genetic 

variations that contribute to childhood asthma in the 

major racial and ethnic groups in the United States and in 

Hispanic and black populations outside the United States. 

An investigator-initiated study is seeking to understand 

the contribution of social and physical environment factors across neighborhood, family, and individual levels to 

develop a more comprehensive understanding of the 

causes of asthma disparities in children.

Investigators are also interested in the role of stress 

in the development of asthma. One study is using a 

systems biology approach to determine multiple biologic 

pathways by which stress can contribute to asthma. 

Scientists are investigating whether maternal stress 

immediately before or after the birth of a child can 

adversely affect the child’s risk for wheezing and impair 

lung function later in childhood. Scientists hypothesize 

that multiple stressors that are prevalent in disadvantaged 

populations can cumulatively influence immune system 

development and airway inflammation in early life, thus 

making the populations more susceptible to other environmental factors and genetic risk factors explaining, in 

part, the observed asthma disparities associated with 

SES and race and ethnicity. Another study is seeking 

to identify psychosocial factors associated with the incidence of adult asthma onset in black women. A third 

study is investigating whether risky family behavior—

characterized by conflict, neglect, and a lack of emotional warmth and support—is associated with greater 

asthma morbidity. Most participants are from various 

ethnic and minority populations. 

A group of scientists has speculated that vitamin D 

deficiency in pregnant mothers may lead to faulty 

immune system development in neonates, predisposing 

them to asthma and allergy. To test the hypothesis, 

scientists will determine whether supplemental vitamin D 

intake to increase the level of vitamin D in pregnant 

women will prevent asthma and allergy in their children 
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at age 3 years. More than 50 percent of participants are 

from racial and ethnic minority populations.

Research findings suggest that obesity and asthma are 

complex disorders that may have shared genetic determinants. An investigator-initiated study is seeking to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are 

jointly associated with asthma and obesity, using data 

from the CAMP study, and subsequently validate the 

SNPs in three independent and diverse (Hispanic, black, 

and white) cohorts.

Treatment and Control

The Institute has initiated research to identify optimal 

strategies for treatment and management of asthma. 

Because the burden of asthma disproportionately affects 

minority children, it is important for them to be well 

represented in clinical trials.

• AsthmaNet (see Chapter 11): To develop and conduct multiple clinical trials to identify optimal 

therapies for patients with a variety of asthma 

phenotypes, genotypes, and racial and ethnic 

backgrounds in pediatric and adult populations. 

Approximately 30 percent of participants will be 

from minority populations.

• STAN (see Chapter 9): To determine whether 

treatment of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis with 

nasal steroids will improve the control of asthma. 

Approximately 60 percent of participants are from 

minority and ethnic populations. 

• SOYA (see Chapter 9): To determine whether supplementation with soy isoflavones among persons 

with poorly controlled asthma improves both lung 

function and markers of airway inflammation. 

Approximately 60 percent of participants are from 

minority and ethnic populations. 

Quality of life measures can assist health care providers in treating asthma. Based on recommendations by 

the Asthma Related Quality of Life Subcommittee of 

the Asthma Outcomes Workshop held in 2010, new 

instruments are being developed and tested to measure 

more comprehensively the effects of asthma on quality 

of life in a multi-ethnic and multi-racial population.

One way to reduce asthma health disparities is to 

begin treatment in early childhood. Studies have shown 

that asthma education programs can improve overall 

management of asthma in preschool children. A study in 

Baltimore, Maryland, is partnering with Head Start to 

compare the efficacy of early intervention plus asthma 

education versus asthma education alone in reducing 

asthma morbidity. Nearly all participants will be black. 

Another study, in a full-scale trial of an entire school 

district, is using a Web-based screening and communication tool and telemedicine asthma assessments to ensure 

appropriate follow-up care and optimal treatment of 

poor children with asthma. Most participants will be 

black or Hispanic. A third study is evaluating the ability 

of a school-based asthma stress management intervention for high risk, socioeconomically disadvantaged 

children living in an urban setting to reduce disparities 

in asthma morbidity. Fifty percent of participants will 

be black.

The Institute is supporting several investigator-initiated 

studies focusing on finding effective treatment for various 

populations. One study is seeking to improve health 

among urban black adolescents with asthma by using peer 

support—enhanced by a culturally sensitive, technologybased MP3 player platform—to increase adherence to 

daily controller medications. Another study is targeting 

inner city black adolescents who have moderate to severe 

persistent asthma to evaluate the ability of innovative 

home- and community-based psychotherapies to improve 

treatment adherence and outcomes. A third study is 

assessing the effects of heart rate variability biofeedback 

on airway reactivity and inflammation to determine 

whether biofeedback can be useful for treating asthma. 

Approximately 35 percent of participants will be from 

minority groups.

Recent studies have reported that substantial rates of 

youth exhibit asthma-like symptoms that are undiagnosed. A study targeting underserved inner-city, ethnic 

minority adolescents who meet criteria for persistent 

asthma, but who have yet to be diagnosed, is investigating whether a multicomponent intervention (student, 

caregivers, and medical providers) is effective in helping 

families obtain a diagnosis and then treat and reduce 

asthma-like symptoms. 

For a subgroup of individuals with severe asthma, 

standard drug therapy does not control their symptoms. 

A study is underway in such patients to determine 

whether treatment with L-arginine can improve their 

asthma control. Approximately 50 percent of participants will be from various ethnic and racial minority 

populations.
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Many individuals with asthma have poor disease 

management. An investigator-initiated study is determining whether an intervention designed to stimulate 

communication between caregivers and clinicians and 

to contain individualized guideline-based recommendations for care, administered in urban primary care 

offices, reduces morbidity among urban children with 

asthma. Fifty percent of participants are black. Another study is addressing asthma disparities that persist 

among high-risk children who live in rural, medically 

underserved areas by testing a school-based telemedicine approach that will deliver asthma education to 

rural children with asthma, their caregivers, and school 

nurses. The approach also prompts the children’s primary care physicians with treatment recommendations. 

Approximately 75 percent of participants will be black. 

A third study is developing and testing a technologybased intervention to improve asthma medication 

adherence in urban blacks, aged 18 to 25 years.

A study in high-risk black adolescents with moderate 

to severe asthma is testing the effectiveness of an intensive home- and community-based psychotherapy intervention to improve asthma management and reduce the 

number of hospitalizations and visits to emergency 

departments. Black women will be the target of a study 

to improve asthma management by using a highly 

tailored telephone counseling approach to foster a partnership between women and a clinician. A study of 

obese adults will evaluate the efficacy of an evidencebased lifestyle weight loss intervention to control asthma. 

Approximately 40 percent of participants will be from 

minority populations.

Investigators are also interested in evaluating whether 

cultural competency training for primary care physicians 

who primarily serve black or Hispanic communities will 

improve the asthma outcomes of their patients.

Symptoms of depression are commonly found in 

patients with asthma. A pilot study using an antidepressant to treat outpatients with major depression and 

asthma showed that patients who received treatment 

experience greater sustained remission of depressive 

symptoms and require significantly less oral corticosteroids for asthma management than the group who 

received placebo. Based on these findings, scientists 

are implementing a definitive antidepressant study in 

patients with asthma and major depression. Most participants will be black or Hispanic. 

Education

The Institute is supporting several education activities 

through the National Asthma Control Initiative (NACI), 

which was developed by the NAEPP and is coordinated 

by the NHLBI. The NACI works to accelerate the adoption of six priority action messages from the latest asthma 

guidelines to achieve change in asthma clinical practices 

and outcomes. NACI Demonstration Projects, Strategic 

Partner Projects, and Clinical Champions Projects are 

implementing intervention strategies in racial and ethnic 

communities to address asthma health disparities in 

diverse populations. The Institute has developed easy-toread materials on asthma treatment and control that target 

English and Spanish audiences with low literacy:

• Facts About Controlling Your Asthma

• El Asma: Cómo Controlar Esta Enfermedad (Facts 

About Controlling Your Asthma)

• ¿Que ́ Es el Asma? (What Is Asthma?)

The Institute co-chairs an Asthma Disparities Working 

Group under the auspices of the President’s Task Force 

on Environmental Health Risk and Safety Risks to 

Children. In 2012, the Task Force released the 

Coordinated Federal Action Plan to Reduce Racial and 

Ethnic Asthma Disparities, which was developed by the 

Working Group, to maximize the use of existing Federal 

resources to address asthma disparities. The Action Plan 

focuses on coordinating Federal activities to promote the 

adoption of clinical practice guidelines in racial and 

ethnic communities that are at high risk of poor asthma 

outcomes, and provides a forum for Federal agencies to 

collaborate on identifying innovative ways to treat and 

educate minority children who have asthma and their 

families and accelerating research on preventing the 

onset of the disease.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD—a disease in which the lungs are damaged, 

making breathing difficult—is the third leading cause of 

death in the United States. It is responsible for more than 

500,000 hospitalizations and more than 130,000 deaths 

in the United States each year.

Etiology

The NHLBI is supporting a study of genetic factors 

that determine the risk of developing COPD or influence 

the type and extent of damage done to the body by the 
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disease. The Institute is also supporting a targeted 

metabolomic phenotyping program in cohorts of individuals with COPD to gain a mechanistic understanding of 

the pathways operative in COPD.

• COPDGeneTM study: To perform genome-wide 

genetic assays on a cohort of individuals who have 

a substantial history of cigarette smoking. Investigators have obtained extensive baseline clinical and 

phenotypic data regarding the individuals and have 

compared the severity and character of COPD in 

them. A third of the participants are black. A 

follow-up study is seeking to identify new genetic 

loci that influence the development of COPD and 

COPD-related phenotypes and to reclassify COPD 

into subtypes that can ultimately be used to develop 

effective subtype-specific therapies.

• Anchoring Metabolomic Changes to Phenotype: 

To gain mechanistic understanding of the molecular 

determinants that contribute to cardiovascular and 

lung disease phenotypes to help in predicting disease susceptibility, diagnosis, and risk stratification; 

assessing response to therapy; and assessing prognosis. One study is seeking to define biomarkers 

relevant to fundamental mechanisms that underlie 

COPD ciliopathy pathogenesis. Approximately 

50 percent of participants will be black. Another 

study will focus on dysregulated metabolic pathways that can explain why some smokers get 

COPD and others do not. The study will use the 

COPDGeneTM cohort.

Although COPD is less common among blacks than 

among whites, it is nevertheless the seventh leading 

cause of death among blacks. Any disparity, whether 

higher or lower in the minority group, may reflect racial 

differences in the biology of the disease that would 

require use of different treatments or drugs for optimal 

disease management. If the genes found to be determinants of COPD risk differ in blacks and whites, this will 

provide clues to how the roles of specific pathogenetic 

pathways of COPD differ among races.

Treatment and Control 

In collaboration with the Centers for Medicare and 

Medicaid Services, the Institute is sponsoring a clinical 

trial of supplemental oxygen treatment in COPD patients:

• LOTT (see Chapter 11): To test whether long-term 

oxygen therapy can reduce disability and prolong 

life in COPD patients who have moderate resting 

hypoxemia or severe hypoxemia during exercise.

Education

The NHLBI has developed a number of outreach 

activities associated with COPD. Several publications 

and Web-based products have been developed and distributed for health professionals, patients, and the public. 

Some examples include:

• COPD education Web site: http://www.nhlbi.nih.

gov/health/public/lung/copd/index.htm

• COPD Learn More Breathe Better Campaign

Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown 

etiology characterized by persistent granulomas with 

damage to surrounding tissue. The Institute supports 

research into the basic mechanisms of sarcoidosis and 

new and improved treatments for it. 

• GRADS Program (see Chapter 9): To conduct 

genomic, microbiomic, and phenotypic studies in 

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and sarcoidosis. 

Researchers will define the molecular, cellular, 

and clinical characteristics of recently diagnosed 

sarcoidosis patients with varying degrees of lung 

involvement. Many of the projects will have at least 

50 percent participation from minorities.

Sarcoidosis occurs more frequently and with more 

severity in blacks than in whites, suggesting the presence 

of genetic determinants to disease predisposition. To 

increase understanding of the disease, researchers are 

seeking to identify genes of African ancestry that play a 

significant role in its etiology and pathogenesis. 

Specifically, a new investigator-initiated study will use 

the next generation gene sequencing technology to 

detect rare, causal genetic variants of sarcoidosis in 

blacks. A mentored research project conducted within 

the Black Women’s Health Study is investigating potential genetic and nongenetic risk factors for sarcoidosis.

Diagnostic tools and treatment approaches for sarcoidosis are lacking. A study supported by the Instituteinitiated CADET Program (see Chapter 9) is seeking to 

develop a skin test for diagnosing sarcoidosis and to 

establish an approach for treating sarcoidosis with oral 

vaccines. Fifty percent of participants are black. 
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Another study, in a mostly black population, is seeking to 

identify a panel of antibodies that will recognize sarcoidosis granuloma antigens and thereby aid in the diagnosis 

of pulmonary sarcoidosis and identification of molecular 

targets for its treatment.

Sleep Disorders

Etiology

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), a condition characterized by repetitive interruption in breathing, is a common disorder that disproportionately affects blacks. It is 

associated with an increased risk of CVD, including 

hypertension and stroke, and is particularly prevalent in 

patients with heart failure. Ongoing programs are assessing the interrelationship between sleep disorders and 

heart failure and the mechanisms leading to cardiovascular stress when the two intersect.

The Institute also supports investigator-initiated 

projects to elucidate cardiovascular and other health 

consequences of SDB, sleep deprivation, and shift work 

in various community settings. One study is testing 

associations between indices of sleep apnea and the 

quality, duration, and timing of sleep with indices of 

cardiovascular risk and disease to address the role of 

sleep disorders in CVD development. Approximately 

60 percent of participants are expected to be from 

racial and ethnic minority groups. Another study is 

investigating sleep apnea in stroke patients, collecting 

and analyzing data on prevalence, relationship to ethnicity, and the association between stroke type and outcomes. Approximately 65 percent of participants are 

from racial and ethnic minority groups.

Scientists are also interested in the effect of sleep 

apnea on cardiovascular risk in individuals with diabetes. 

They are investigating the contributory effects of sleep 

apnea in vascular disease among persons with type 2 

diabetes and identifying possible mechanisms through 

which treatment can reduce cardiovascular risk. Most 

participants are from racially and ethnically diverse 

populations. 

The current obesity epidemic in the United States is 

resulting in an increasing prevalence of obstructive sleep 

apnea (OSA) in adolescents. One study is seeking to 

elucidate the pathophysiology of OSA in obese teenagers 

and determine the effect of weight loss on OSA. The 

majority of participants are black. Another study is 

determining the effect of sleep restriction on the neurobehavioral and brain function while adolescents are 

engaged in sustained attention tasks. Sixty percent of 

participants are from minority populations. 

Shortened sleep duration (less than 6 hours) and its 

negative consequences have been investigated extensively 

in individuals with SDB. However, despite shortened 

sleep duration, many individuals do not suffer from SDB. 

A study in a racially and ethnically diverse population of 

individuals without SDB is identifying the association 

between sleep duration and markers of autonomic function, endothelial function, and inflammation.

In an ancillary study to the HCHS, investigators are 

collecting sleep pattern measures from several Hispanic 

subgroups. Investigators will analyze the prevalence of 

altered sleep patterns and define the importance of psychosocial factors (e.g., home- and work-related factors 

and mood, as well as cultural factors) in predicting abnormal sleep patterns. They will also evaluate associations 

between poor sleep and cardiovascular health outcomes, 

including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and heart 

disease. 

Treatment and Control

The Institute initiated a pilot study to guide design of 

phase III clinical trials to test whether treatment of OSA 

with continuous positive airway pressure (PAP) reduces 

CVD risk:

• Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Through 

Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: To evaluate 

the treatment of OSA using PAP. The study will 

provide information about the feasibility of longterm (12 to 18 months) PAP treatment of OSA in 

patients who are at risk of CVD. The study will also 

provide data about the effects of PAP on surrogate 

markers of cardiovascular risk. Approximately 

40 percent of participants will be from minority 

populations.

• CADET (see Chapter 9): To develop innovative 

agents for the diagnosis and treatment of lung 

diseases and SDB. One study is seeking to develop 

reliable urinary biomarker measures that can be used 

to screen and diagnose OSA in children, thereby 

facilitating timely treatment and prevention of OSAassociated morbidities. Approximately 80 percent 

of participants are expected to be from minority 

populations.
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Investigator-initiated research will also assess treatment 

strategies in minorities. One study is developing in-home 

personalized sleep plans to improve nightly sleep duration, neurocognitive function, and behavioral disorders in 

lower income minority children (ages 5 and 6 years). 

Another study will measure effects of continuous compliance to PAP therapy on neurocognitive function (including academic achievement, attention, working memory, 

decision making, and mental flexibility) in children. 

Approximately 60 percent of participants will be from 

minority populations. Parental reports of child behaviors 

and sleep patterns will also be assessed. A third study 

will advance understanding of endothelial activation processes in OSA patients and may enable early identification 

of OSA patients who are at risk for vascular diseases. 

Approximately 90 percent of participants are expected to 

be from minority populations. Results may provide the 

basis for developing new therapeutic strategies for preventing or reversing vascular risk in OSA patients. 

Insomnia is a frequently co-occurring sleep disorder 

that interferes with adherence to OSA treatment. A new 

study will determine the efficacy of a multidisciplinary 

treatment that combines cognitive behavior therapy and 

continuous PAP therapy for patients with OSA and 

comorbid insomnia in a mostly diverse minority 

population.

HIV-Related Lung Diseases

HIV infection disproportionately affects minority 

populations in the United States. Due to multidrug antiretroviral therapy, HIV has become a chronic condition 

for many patients. Among them, HIV-associated lung 

complications are frequent causes of illness and death. 

But the long-term consequences of HIV infection and 

HIV-associated lung infections and complications are 

unknown. Little is known about drug-resistant 

Pneumocystis, the prevalence and pathogenesis of HIVassociated COPD, HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension, and immune reconstitution syndromes.

In developing countries where millions of people are 

infected with HIV, many have serious or fatal lung complications, including TB and bacterial pneumonias, that 

have never been characterized well. Lung diseases and 

CVD, usually more prevalent in older populations, are 

having an increasing effect on HIV-infected populations 

in the United States and other industrialized nations 

where the average age of HIV-infected individuals has 

increased due to effective antiretroviral therapy. The 

effect is exacerbated because lung and cardiovascular 

complications are occurring in relatively young age 

groups in HIV-infected populations.

Etiology 

The Institute has initiated research to understand the 

causes and impact of HIV-related lung diseases and to 

identify potential therapeutic targets and preventive 

strategies:

• Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract in 

HIV-Infected Individuals and HIV-Uninfected 

Controls (see Chapter 9): To characterize the microbiome of the lung alone or in combination with the 

upper airways in HIV-infected individuals and 

matched HIV-uninfected controls using molecular 

techniques to identify bacteria and if possible other 

organisms (e.g., viruses, cell-wall deficient organisms, protozoa, and fungi). Enrollment from minority populations is expected to range from 35 to 

76 percent.

Treatment and Control

The Institute seeks to support clinical trial planning 

grants in the management of HIV-related lung disease 

and cardiovascular comorbidity:

• Management of HIV-Related Lung Disease and 

Cardiovascular Comorbidity: To support the initial 

organization, protocol development, and necessary 

preliminary studies that are critical for the design of 

robust Phase II and III clinical trials in HIV-infected 

populations with lung disease alone or with cardiovascular comorbidity. One study will seek to determine whether dietary supplementation with zinc and 

S-adenosylmethionine can improve the overall lung 

health in patients who are infected with HIV and 

remain immunosuppressed despite achieving viral 

suppression on antiretroviral treatment. More than 

50 percent of participants in these studies will be 

from racial and ethnic minority populations.

An ancillary randomized trial to the Strategic Timing 

of Antiretroviral Treatment trial is determining whether 

early antiretroviral treatment of HIV reduces the rate of 

decline of lung function in HIV-infected individuals. 

Tuberculosis

TB is a common and often deadly infectious disease 

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States, an estimated 10–15 million people are infected 

with the TB bacterium. Although the majority of those 

infected remain healthy (latent TB infection), a small 

percentage develops active tuberculosis. The rates of 

both TB infection and active TB among minorities and in 

the foreign-born remain high. In 2008, according to the 

CDC, more than 58 percent of all active TB cases in the 

United States were among the foreign-born. Racial 

disparity in TB rates was greatest for U.S.-born blacks, 

whose rate was 7-times higher than the rate for U.S.-

born whites.

Etiology 

The immune response to TB infection is complex 

and involves the formation of granulomas in the lungs 

of infected individuals. In 2010, the Institute began a 

systems biology approach to identify the mechanisms of 

TB latency and reactivation.

• Systems Biology Approach to the Mechanisms of 

TB Latency and Reactivation: To investigate mechanisms of latency and reactivation of TB in the host 

using integrated systems biology approaches. A collaborative program consisting of five Tuberculosis 

Systems Biology Centers and a Data Coordinating 

Center is integrating data from humans and animal 

models with computational and mathematical models in a comprehensive systems biology approach 

to increase understanding of latent TB and the factors that lead to its reactivation. Depending on the 

center, minority enrollment in the U.S. populations 

under study is expected to range from approximately 

30 to 66 percent. Several of the grants in this program will study international populations in Africa 

and Asia.

The Institute also supports investigator-initiated 

research that characterizes genes associated with TB 

susceptibility; investigates host lung defenses, including 

immune responses to infection; and examines the impact 

of TB on HIV disease. A genetics study will seek to 

fine-map chromosomal regions that have been linked to 

resistance to TB. The study also plans to analyze innate 

immune responses and model genetic predictors of resistance using data from a long-term household contact 

study conducted in Uganda. 

Treatment and Control

The NHLBI supports a number of investigator-initiated 

studies to understand the relationship between the 

immune system and TB. Most of the studies are being 

conducted in patients from minority populations. One 

study is seeking new approaches to diagnosing and treating active TB in sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of 

the world. The study may also identify new markers that 

can predict response to TB therapy. Another study is 

determining whether different strains of Mycobacterium 

tuberculosis cause different responses in individuals from 

various racial and ethnic groups. Results of this study 

may increase understanding about tailoring vaccines to 

specific populations. A third study is testing the efficacy 

of daily vitamin D supplementation, added to multidrug 

therapy, to improve antimicrobial immune response to 

TB infection in residents of Mongolia.

Blood Diseases

The NHLBI supports basic, translational, and clinical 

research on SCD and thalassemia (Cooley’s anemia) with 

the goal of curing the disorders and improving patient 

care. The Institute also supports programs in transfusion 

medicine, blood banking and blood products safety, and 

such cellular therapies as bone marrow transplantation.

Sickle Cell Disease

Etiology

SCD, the most common inherited blood disorder in 

the United States, affects an estimated 70,000 to 100,000 

Americans, most of whom are black. SCD occurs in 

about 1 in 500 blacks and 1 in 36,000 Hispanics. The 

disease is characterized by anemia, severe infections, 

acute and chronic pain, and organ damage. SCD, the 

first molecular disease described, was shown to be due 

to a single amino acid substitution on the beta chain of 

hemoglobin. 

Since 1972, the NHLBI has supported an extensive 

research program to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of SCD, identify better approaches for its 

diagnosis and treatment, and prevent complications.

Basic and translational research currently focuses on 

the neurobiology of pain in SCD:

• Exploratory Studies in the Neurobiology of Pain in

Sickle Cell Disease: To conduct basic and translational research on the neurobiology of pain in SCD 

and to develop effective pharmacologic treatments. 

One study is seeking to demonstrate that individual 

differences in pain phenotypes occur in SCD, 
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inflammatory/immune responses to pain contribute 

to these phenotypes, and pain phenotypes predict 

important clinical outcomes in SCD.

Investigator-initiated studies are exploring new methods to reactivate fetal hemoglobin expression for the 

treatment of SCD and thalassemia.

Other investigator-initiated studies are seeking to 

identify new pathways and regulatory mechanisms 

that may be as important in the pathophysiology of 

SCD as red blood cell sickling is itself. One area of 

interest is the role of the immune and coagulation systems in the vaso-occlusive pathologies associated with 

SCD. Another area focuses on the role of inflammation 

and vascular perfusion in SCD. Researchers are using 

flow cytometry and contrast-enhanced ultrasound to 

identify new biomarkers of severity of tissue injury 

related to the state of inflammation and vascular perfusion in adults with SCD. Identifying such circulating 

biomarkers may help when evaluating the effectiveness 

of new therapies.

Gene therapy is another area of focus. One project is 

exploring lentiviral gene therapy for SCD, and another is 

studying the application of induced pluripotent stem cell 

technology to replace the defective sickle beta-globin 

gene with a normal gene in a SCD mouse model. 

Researchers are seeking to translate their results to 

human cells that will become the foundation for future 

clinical trials.

Through the SBIR and the STTR programs, the 

NHLBI supports translational projects to develop therapeutics and tools that can be used to treat SCD and other 

hemoglobinopathies. Recent projects are evaluating the 

ability of retargeted drugs to increase fetal hemoglobin 

production; testing new agents to produce opioid-level 

analgesia without the opioid-related side effects for relief 

of SCD pain; conducting a clinical study of a humanized 

monoclonal antibody drug for treatment of vaso-occlusive 

crisis; and developing a Web interface tool that can be 

used to improve the quality of care received by SCD 

patients during hospital emergency room visits. 

Clinical Research

The NHLBI is committed to finding improved treatments and ultimately a cure for SCD and other hemoglobinopathies. Institute-initiated studies, such as 

hematopoietic cell transplantation, have begun to yield 

therapies that will alleviate the symptoms of sickle cell 

anemia and procedures that should ultimately cure the 

disease.

• BABY HUG Follow-Up II (see Chapter 11): To 

characterize the long-term toxicities and unexpected 

risks (if any) and benefits associated with hydroxyurea treatment given at an early age. 

• Planning Grants for Clinical Trials in Hemoglobinopathies: To support pilot studies to obtain data that 

are critical for the design of robust clinical trials, 

especially Phase II and III clinical trials in the major 

hemoglobinopathies, SCD, and the thalassemias. 

• Ancillary Studies in Clinical Trials: To conduct 

time-sensitive ancillary studies in conjunction with 

ongoing clinical trials and other large clinical studies that are related to heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. One study is assessing the 

treatment response of children who are experiencing 

acute sickle cell pain episodes to determine the 

effectiveness of magnesium therapy.

• NHLBI Translational Research Implementation 

Program (TRIP)—Stage 2 (see Chapter 9): To 

accelerate the translation of promising new therapeutic interventions that are derived from fundamental 

research discoveries for treatment and prevention of 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases through 

planning and execution of well-designed clinical 

trials to demonstrate safety and efficacy. One study 

is determining whether regadenoson is an effective 

treatment for pain or acute chest syndrome episodes 

in patients with SCD. 

Often individuals with SCD experience barriers that 

prevent them from getting appropriate treatment for their 

disorder or have difficulties adhering to care. One study 

is employing specially trained SCD patient navigators 

who address barriers to care and to the use of hydroxyurea. Phase 1 of the study will focus on increasing the 

percentage of adults with SCD who are in SCD specialty 

care, and Phase 2 will focus on increasing the percentage 

of patients who are adhering to hydroxyurea therapy. 

Another study is developing a patient navigator program 

for parents of children with SCD to improve adherence 

to preventive care and overall retention in care. 

The Institute supports research to assist hematologists 

in their ability to assess clinical outcomes. The Adult 

Sickle Cell Quality of Life Measurement Information 

System is a useful instrument to assess health-related 
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quality of life among adults with SCD. The instrument 

has been integrated into an NIH Roadmap PatientReported Outcomes Measurement Information System. 

Pain is the most common cause of acute morbidity in 

children and adults with SCD. The Institute has identified acute pain management and prevention as a highpriority area for research in children. One study is 

developing and evaluating the efficacy of using an individualized pain plan in children at home and in hospital 

emergency departments. A functional assessment tool 

is being developed to assess pain and functionality in 

hospitalized children with SCD. 

The Institute is supporting investigator-initiated 

clinical trials for children with SCD. One trial in children with abnormal transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocities is comparing standard therapy (transfusions) with 

alternative therapy (hydroxyurea) for maintenance of 

TCD velocities and reducing the risk of primary stroke. 

Another trial is seeking to determine the effect of 

hydroxyurea treatment on the cumulative incidence of 

conversion from conditional to abnormal TCD velocities.

Education

The NHLBI has developed the Sickle Cell Disease 

Information Center (http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/new/

sicklecell.htm), a Web site that contains information for 

the public and health professionals. 

In 2012, the Institute initiated the National Blood 

Disorders Program (NBDP), whose mission is to improve 

the management of SCD and other blood disorders 

through collaborations among Federal partners and other 

stakeholders. Building on the evidence-based Sickle Cell 

Disease Guidelines (planned to be released by the

NHLBI in 2013), the NBDP seeks to improve the health 

and quality of life in persons who are living with SCD. 

The Guidelines contain recommendations for youth and 

adults living with SCD. Topics include health maintenance and care of acute and chronic complications.

Thalassemia 

Thalassemia is an inherited disorder in which red 

blood cells with abnormal forms of hemoglobin are produced. The disorder, which results in excessive destruction of red blood cells and anemia, affects primarily 

people of African, Asiatic Indian, Chinese, 

Mediterranean, and Southeast Asian origin.

Institute-initiated activities include:

• RuSH (see Chapter 10): To determine the feasibility 

and appropriate design of a data system that can be 

used to generate accurate prevalence and incidence 

statistics on hemoglobin disorders in the United 

States.

• Understanding Mechanisms of Terminal Erythroid 

Maturation: To define molecular mechanisms that 

regulate the late stages of erythropoiesis and identify 

new targets that will improve the therapeutic options 

for erythropoietin-resistant anemias. Anemia due to 

defects in the terminal stages of erythropoiesis is a 

common feature of thalassemia.

• Innovators in Hemoglobinopathies Academic Career 

Development Award: To advance the development 

of clinician scientists who have implemented 

innovative programs for patients with SCD or thalassemia but who have not been on a research track.

• Clinical Hematology and Transfusion Medicine 

Research Career Development Program: To develop 

and evaluate multidisciplinary career development 

programs in nonmalignant hematology and transfusion medicine. 

An investigator-initiated study is examining hematopoietic transplantation and gene therapy approaches to 

cure thalassemia. 

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics

The NHLBI supports studies on the use, safety, and 

availability of blood and blood components for transfusion and cellular therapies that are seeking to reach 

minority populations:

• Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials 

Network (BMT CTN) (see Chapter 11): In collaboration with the NCI, to perform clinical trials that 

advance hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 

To reach various minority populations, the BMT 

CTN supports bilingual transplant center personnel 

and provides public Web pages and educational 

materials in several languages. In addition, the 

Network is working with the National Marrow 

Donor Program to develop strategies and implement 

procedures to enhance enrollment of patients from 

minority groups.

• Sickle Cell Unrelated Transplant Trial: To assess 

unrelated donor marrow and umbilical cord blood 
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Chapter 12: Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities

transplantation for severe SCD. The trial, supported 

by the BMT CTN is the first Phase II study to assess 

the promise of this therapy as a curative option for 

patients who are severely affected by SCD. 

Investigator-initiated studies seek to generate a concise description of erythropoiesis that unifies genetics, 

molecular processes, and cytokine determinants in the 

erythroid lineages so that new therapeutics can be developed to measure and combat anemia. One study is elucidating the mechanism for developmental regulation of 

globin gene expression with the goal of developing 

therapies for SCD and beta-thalassemia. 
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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

13. Research Training and Career 

Development Programs

NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

* National Research Service Awards (NRSA).

Dollars (Millions)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fiscal Year

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs 

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

* National Research Service Awards (NRSA).

Note: Numbers of awards and trainees may not agree with other tables due to the method of counting supplements.

Number of Trainees

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fiscal Year

2,000

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs 

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*
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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2012

Number 

of Awards 

Obligated

Trainees 

(Full-time 

Training 

Positions) Direct Cost

Indirect 

Cost Total Cost

Percent 

of Total 

NHLBI 

Training 

Program 

Dollars

Fellowship Programs

Individual Predoctoral NRSA for 

M.D./Ph.D. (F30)

80 80 $ 2,963,467 $ — $ 2,963,467 3.2%

Predoctoral Individual NRSA (F31) 39 39 1,295,231 — 1,295,231 1.4

Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32) 101 101 5,368,753 — 5,368,753 5.9

Subtotal, Fellowships 220 220 9,627,451 — 9,627,451 7.3

Graduate Training Programs

Institutional NRSA (T32) 223 1,531 72,748,190 6,028,080 78,776,270* 87.3

Minority Institutional NRSA (T32) 4 24 769,678 59,660 829,338 0.9

Off-Quarter Professional Student 

Training NRSA (T34, T35)

18 92 1,985,459 168,914 2,154,373 2.4

Subtotal, Graduate Training Programs 245 1,647 75,503,327 6,256,654 81,759,981 90.6

Total, Training Programs 465 1,867 $85,130,778 $6,256,654 $91,387,432* 100.0%

* Excludes assessment of $1,930,000.
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History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fellowship Programs

Individual Predoctoral 

NRSA for M.D./Ph.D. 

(F30)

$ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 641 $ 2,191 $ 3,024 $ 3,297 $ 2,963

Predoctoral Individual 

NRSA (F31)

478 563 549 794 1,202 1,509 1,888 2,009 2,094 1,562 1,295

Postdoctoral Individual 

NRSA (F32)

8,887 7,868 8,128 8,813 8,790 6,684 6,487 6,012 6,559 5,767 5,369

Senior Fellowships 

NRSA (F33)

84 112 144 58 53 — 59 118 — — —

Subtotal, Fellowships 9,449 8,543 8,821 9,665 10,045 8,193 9,075 10,330 11,677 10,626 9,627

Graduate Training 

Programs

Institutional NRSA 

(T32)

62,999A 69,951B 71,229C 70,524D 71,831E 78,343F 80,373G 81,453H 81,319I 82,536J 78,776K

Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32)

1,092 1,006 734 1,184 743 780 688 349 1,050 949 829

Off-Quarter 

Professional Student 

Training NRSA (T34, 

T35)

1,987 1,975 1,993 2,233 2,215 2,411 2,021 2,202 1,941 1,904 2,154

Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students 

(T35M)

2,057 2,594 2,671 2,976 2,527 1,673 804 283 — — —

Subtotal, Training 

Grants

68,135 75,526 76,627 76,917 77,316 83,207 83,886 84,287 84,310 85,389 81,759

Total, Training 

Programs 

$77,584A $84,069B $85,448C $86,582D $87,361E $91,400F $92,961G $94,617H $95,987I $96,015J $91,386K

A Excludes Assessment of $1,584,000.

B Excludes Assessment of $1,716,000.

C Excludes Assessment of $1,744,000.

D Excludes Assessment of $1,764,000.

E Excludes Assessment of $1,818,000.

F Excludes Assessment of $1,916,000.

G Excludes Assessment of $1,912,000.

H Excludes Assessment of $1,960,000.

I Excludes Assessment of $1,976,000.

J Excludes Assessment of $1,982,000.

K Excludes Assessment of $1,930,000.
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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Number of Positions

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fellowship Programs

Individual Predoctoral NRSA for 

M.D./Ph.D. (F30)

— — — — — — 20 63 85 88 80

Predoctoral Individual 

NRSA (F31)

18 19 18 25 32 44 56 59 62 46 39

Postdoctoral Individual NRSA 

(F32)

194 164 168 176 171 130 125 118 128 112 101

Senior Fellowships NRSA (F33) 2 2 3 1 2 — 1 2 — — —

Subtotal, Fellowships 214 185 189 202 205 174 202 242 275 246 220

Graduate Training Programs

Institutional NRSA (T32) 1,482 1,542 1,578 1,540 1,512 1,585 1,525 1,602 1,660 1,667 1,531

Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32)

39 42 32 35 26 23 18 19 26 27 24

Off-Quarter Professional 

Student Training NRSA 

(T34, T35)

179 93 99 95 104 105 93 102 91 86 92

Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students (T35M)

30 107 119 128 99 77 48 24 — — —

Subtotal, Training Grants 1,730 1,784 1,828 1,798 1,741 1,790 1,684 1,747 1,777 1,780 1,647

Total, Training Positions 1,944 1,969 2,017 2,000 1,946 1,964 1,886 1,989 2,052 2,026 1,867
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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Mentored Career Development Award To Promote 

Faculty Diversity in Biomedical Research* (K01)

54 47 46 45 40 35 35 37 47 45 46

Mentored Career Award for Faculty at MinorityServing Institutions** (K01)2 7 6 4 4 5 7 5 6 5 4

Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research 

Ethics (K01)

— 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 — — —

Independent Scientist Award (K02) 33 32 31 32 24 25 22 19 19 21 17

Research Career Award (K06) 2 2 1 1 1 — — — — — —

Sleep Academic Award (K07) 8 — — — — — — — — — —

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) 19 9 9 — — — — — — — —

Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Academic

Award (K07)

— — — — — 4 4 4 4 4 —

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities 

Academic Award (K07)

— — 8 14 18 18 18 9 4 — —

Innovators in Hemoglobinopathies Care Career 

Development Award (K07)

— — — — — — — — — 2 2

Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08) 236 240 229 239 226 214 210 232 218 210 189

Career Development Program in Vascular 

Medicine Research (K12)

— — — — 2 7 7 7 — 3 6

Clinical Hematology and Transfusion Medicine 

Research Career Development Program (K12)†

— — — — 6 6 6 6 6 — 6

Genetics and Genomics of Lung Diseases 

Career Development Program (K12)

— — — — — 8 8 8 8 — 8

Clinical Research Career Development Programs in 

Emergency Medicine (K12)

— — — — — — — — — 6 6

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

(K18)

— 1 5 3 2 4 6 3 4 5 3

NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22) — — 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career 

Development Award (K23)

90 110 122 127 122 120 133 149 160 170 164

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24)

37 38 32 32 33 29 29 34 35 34 36

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development 

Award (K25)

7 9 12 17 16 15 15 15 15 15 16

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (K30) 55 55 55 —‡ 14 16 — — — — —

Career Transition Award (K99) — — — — — 24 47 42 64 47 56

Total, Research Career Programs 543 552 559 519 512 534 549 572 591 570 562

* Formerly known as Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for Minority Faculty.

**Formerly known as Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Development Award.

† Formerly known as Clinical Hematology Research Career Development Program. ‡ In FY 2005, NHLBI relinquished management of the K30 program and as a result did not receive the grant count.
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NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Mentored Career Development Award 

To Promote Faculty Diversity in 

Biomedical Research* (K01)

$ 5,711 $ 6,156 $ 6,150 $ 6,088 $ 5,453 $ 4,718 $ 4,574 $ 4,745 $ 6,089 $ 5,860 $ 5,891

Mentored Career Award for 

Faculty at Minority-Serving 

Institutions** (K01)

1,703 991 867 588 567 698 949 663 804 668 546

Mentored Scientist Development 

Award in Research Ethics (K01)

— 255 253 355 358 357 102 164 62 126 67

Independent Scientist Award (K02) 3,130 3,099 3,079 3,218 2,421 2,511 2,184 1,880 1,847 2,076 1,653

Research Career Award (K06) 69 69 34 34 34 — — — — — —

Sleep Academic Award (K07) 722 — — — — — — — — — —

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) 2,906 1,472 1,516 — — — — — — — —

Pediatrics Transfusion Medicine 

Academic Award (K07)

— — — — — 486 486 486 486 486 —

Cultural Competence and Health 

Disparities Academic Award (K07)

— — 925 1,620 2,109 2,232 2,197 1,138 562 — —

Innovators in Hemoglobinopathies 

Care Career Development Award 

(K07)

— — — — — — — — — 574 533

Clinical Investigator Development 

Award (K08)

29,295 30,288 29,037 30,429 28,973 27,286 27,005 29,706 28,165 27,166 24,514

Research Career Development 

Program in Vascular Medicine 

(K12)

— — — — 772 3,206 5,499 7,325 — 2,499 959

Clinical Hematology and Transfusion 

Medicine Research Career 

Development Program (K12)†

— — — — 2,360 2,367 2,364 2,375 2,371 — 2,325

Genetics and Genomics of Lung 

Diseases Career Development 

Program (K12)

— — — — — 3,154 3,190 3,190 3,194 — 2,244

Clinical Research Career 

Development Programs in 

Emergency Medicine (K12)

— — — — — — — — — 1,186 3,065

Career Enhancement Award for Stem 

Cell Research (K18)

— 243 980 512 213 652 1,014 477 706 789 392

NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22) — — 185 364 178 160 162 162 162 699 700

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research 

Career Development Award (K23)

11,909 14,571 16,216 17,086 16,720 16,419 18,556 20,831 22,368 23,871 23,027

Midcareer Investigator Award in 

Patient-Oriented Research (K24)

4,058 4,368 3,815 3,929 4,315 4,037 4,161 5,078 5,942 5,851 6,079

Mentored Quantitative Research 

Career Development Award (K25)

921 1,195 1,622 2,206 2,184 2,077 2,082 1,996 2,134 2,110 2,304

Clinical Research Curriculum Award 

(K30)

3,090 3,110 3,115 4,589 3,708 2,520 — — — — —

Career Transition Award (K99) — — — — — 2,074 4,190 4,430 6,652 5,129 5,877

Total, Research Career Program 

Obligations

$63,514 $65,817 $67,794 $71,018 $70,365 $74,954 $78,715 $84,646 $81,544 $79,090 $80,176

* Formerly known as Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for Minority Faculty.

**Formerly known as Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Development Award.

† Formerly known as Clinical Hematology Research Career Development Program.
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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

MARC Summer Research Training 

Program

$ 15 $ 4 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Mentored Career Development Award 

To Promote Faculty Diversity in 

Biomedical Research*

5,711 6,156 6,150 6,088 5,453 4,718 4,574 4,745 6,089 5,860 5,891

Minority Biomedical Research 

Support (MBRS)

2,793 3,600 2,806 2,846 2,403 2,475 1,527 2,167 2,540 3,228 2,947

Mentored Career Award for Faculty at 

Minority-Serving Institutions**

1,703 991 867 588 567 698 949 663 804 668 546

Minority Institution Research 

Training Program

1,092 1,006 734 1,184 743 780 688 349 1,050 949 829

Minority Predoctoral Fellowship 278 308 374 545 1,012 1,115 1,728 1,979 2,064 1,562 1,295

Diversity Research Supplements 

Program

9,822 9,323 10,938 11,214 10,680 10,834 10,303 10,412 11,198 10,260 10,901

Reentry Supplements — — — 96 132 245 401 887 1,050 621 595

Short-Term Training for Minority 

Students

2,057 2,594 2,671 2,976 2,526 1,673 804 283 — — —

Short-Term Research Education 

Program To Increase Diversity in 

Health-Related Research

835 3,402 3,205 4,297 5,571 5,999 5,047 6,375 7,320 7,219 7,247

Total, Minority Programs $24,306 $27,384 $27,745 $29,834 $29,087 $28,537 $26,021 $27,860 $32,115 $30,367 $30,251

* Formerly known as Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for Minority Faculty.

**Formerly known as Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Development Award.

Dollars (Millions)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fiscal Year

35

25

20

15

10

5

0

30
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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type on Grants: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Diversity Supplements

Investigator 46 47 35 29 27 31 25 22 17 10 17

Postdoctoral 33 38 37 52 49 43 42 45 50 49 54

Graduate 45 57 61 80 74 73 69 71 71 66 64

Undergraduate 17 18 17 12 11 16 17 18 13 9 8

High School 3 4 3 7 3 3 3 2 7 10 12

Post-Master/Post-Baccalaureate 2 8 17 16 11 4 9 21 21 33 29

Reentry Supplements — — 3 2 1 1 3 9 8 5 4

Disability Supplements 5 4 3 2 2 4 1 — 2 2 2

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

151 176 176 200 178 175 169 188 189 184 190

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type on Contracts: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Diversity Supplements

Investigator — — 1 2 1 2 2 4 3 3 1

Postdoctoral — 2 1 2 1 1 0 1 4 4 5

Graduate — 2 7 7 2 5 2 5 5 6 7

Undergraduate — — — — 1 1 1 1 1 — —

High School — 1 — — — — — — — — —

Post-Master/Post-Baccalaureate — — 1 — — — — — — — —

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

— 5 10 11 5 9 5 11 13 13 13
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NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type on Grants: Fiscal Years 2002–2012

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Diversity Supplements

Investigator $ 5,046 $3,844 $ 4,256 $ 3,552 $ 3,343 $ 3,719 $ 3,285 $ 2,679 $ 2,183 $ 1,601 $ 2,209

Postdoctoral 2,554 2,655 2,713 3,432 3,542 3,284 3,074 3,284 3,928 3,595 4,173

Graduate 1,864 2,181 2,439 3,208 3,114 3,021 3,029 3,212 3,533 3,389 3,176

Undergraduate 260 301 282 179 178 350 424 386 240 151 139

High School 33 33 13 30 18 16 26 28 61 75 64

Post-Master/Post-Baccalaureate 65 309 597 618 352 156 367 823 1,076 1,284 1,140

Reentry Supplements — — 495 96 132 245 401 887 1,050 621 431

Disability Supplements 474 360 143 99 133 288 98 — 177 165 164

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

$10,296 $9,683 $10,938 $11,214 $10,812 $11,079 $10,704 $11,299 $12,248 $10,881 $11,496

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type on Contracts: Fiscal Years 

2002–2012

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Diversity Supplements

Investigator $ — $ — $142 $296 $148 $261 $271 $541 $376 $420 $139

Postdoctoral — 246 71 137 62 62 — 155 391 245 354

Graduate — 108 323 229 101 294 79 155 143 215 226

Undergraduate — — — — 26 13 20 16 8 — —

High School — 7 — — — — — — — — —

Post-Master/Post-Baccalaureate — — 51 — — — — — — — —

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

$ — $361 $587 $662 $337 $630 $370 $867 $918 $880 $719

167

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: 

Fiscal Year 2012

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2012

Dollars in Millions

$75.0 to $341.3 (10)

$40.0 to $74.9 (11)

$12.0 to $39.9 (10)

$2.5 to $11.9 (9)

$0.0 to $2.4 (10)
168

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2012

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Alabama

Auburn University 2 $ 883,118 2 $ 883,118 — $ — — $ —

Exscien Corporation 1 154,758 1 154,758 — — — —

University of Alabama at Birmingham 69 33,537,236 59 24,447,307 7 1,768,223 3 7,321,706

University of South Alabama 16 5,708,649 13 5,428,811 3 279,838 — —

Total Alabama 88 40,283,761 75 30,913,994 10 2,048,061 3 7,321,706

Arizona

Arizona State University, Tempe 3 1,240,234 3 1,240,234 — — — —

Carl T. Hayden Medical Research 

Foundation

1 603,004 1 603,004 — — — —

Genomics USA, Inc. 1 105,000 1 105,000 — — — —

Mayo Clinic in Arizona 2 792,000 2 792,000 — — — —

Translational Genomics Research Institute 1 563,427 1 563,427 — — — —

University of Arizona 27 10,409,905 24 9,449,455 3 960,450 — —

Total Arizona 35 13,713,570 32 12,753,120 3 960,450 — —

Arkansas

Arkansas Children’s Hospital Research 

Institute

2 521,564 2 521,564 — — — —

Ocean NanoTech, LLC 1 199,770 1 199,770 — — — —

University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, 

Little Rock

9 2,675,243 8 2,645,040 1 30,203 — —

Total Arkansas 12 3,396,577 11 3,366,374 1 30,203 — —

California

23andme, Inc. 1 143,253 1 143,253 — — — —

Allosteros Therapeutics, Inc. 1 257,362 1 257,362 — — — —

American Stem Cell, Inc. 1 156,754 1 156,754 — — — —

Astraea Therapeutics, LLC 1 256,893 1 256,893 — — — —

AvantGen 1 990,779 — — — — 1 990,779

Beckman Research Institutes 7 3,820,986 6 1,943,841 — — 1 1,877,145

Blood System, Inc. 8 2,212,846 6 1,755,510 — — 2 457,336

California Institute of Technology 3 183,834 1 89,370 2 94,464 — —

California Pacific Medical Center Research 

Institute

2 2,592,815 2 2,592,815 — — — —

California Polytechnic State University 1 694,954 1 694,954 — — — —

California State University, Northridge 1 309,915 1 309,915 — — — —

Capricor, Inc. 1 425,410 1 425,410 — — — —

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 11 4,381,418 10 4,319,388 1 62,030 — —

Children’s Hospital & Research Center 

Oakland

8 5,690,199 7 5,481,181 1 209,018 — —

Children’s Hospital Los Angeles 5 1,848,551 5 1,848,551 — — — —
169

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Cognionics 1 199,999 1 199,999 — — — —

Cytograft Tissue Engineering, Inc. 1 705,170 1 705,170 — — — —

HeartVista, Inc. 1 554,982 1 554,982 — — — —

Hememics Biotechnologies, Inc. 1 185,480 1 185,480 — — — —

J. David Gladstone Institutes 7 6,779,036 6 6,725,094 1 53,942 — —

JMML Foundation — 5,000 — 5,000 — — — —

Kaiser Permanente Division of Research 4 4,487,105 3 3,807,001 — — 1 680,104

LA BioMedical Research Institute at 

Harbor-ULCA Medical Center

3 1,027,683 2 288,770 — — 1 738,913

La Jolla Bioengineering Institute 1 721,818 1 721,818 — — — —

La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology 8 6,156,228 7 6,122,996 1 33,232 — —

Larta Institute of Los Angeles — 2,082 — — — — — 2,082

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 3 1,948,143 3 1,948,143 — — — —

Loma Linda University 3 1,088,835 3 1,088,835 — — — —

Maxwell Sensors, Inc. 1 497,892 1 497,892 — — — —

Molecular Express, Inc. 1 953,604 1 953,604 — — — —

Northern California Institute Research and 

Education

4 1,585,193 4 1,585,193 — — — —

OrPro Therapeutics, Inc. 1 183,089 1 183,089 — — — —

Palo Alto Institute for Research and 

Education, Inc.

5 1,758,998 5 1,758,998 — — — —

Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research 

Institute

2 1,128,181 2 1,128,181 — — — —

Planet Biotechnology, Inc. 1 282,629 1 282,629 — — — —

Plasalus, LLC 1 178,706 1 178,706 — — — —

Prolude Medical, Inc. 1 197,725 1 197,725 — — — —

Pulsentry, Inc. 1 199,990 1 199,990 — — — —

Rand Corporation 3 1,051,594 3 1,051,594 — — — —

Salk Institute for Biological Studies 3 1,173,822 3 1,173,822 — — — —

San Diego State University 9 4,358,344 9 4,258,392 — — — 99,952

San Francisco State University 1 145,007 1 145,007 — — — —

Sanford-Burnham Medical Research 

Institute

11 5,724,374 11 5,724,374 — — — —

Scripps Research Institute 21 10,344,372 20 10,292,182 1 52,190 — —

Silicon BioDevices, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Sonoma State University 1 356,987 1 356,987 — — — —

SRI International 3 3,514,676 1 595,303 — — 2 2,919,373

Stanford University 72 36,761,092 60 30,856,354 10 1,787,508 2 4,117,230

Tristan Technologies, Inc. 1 327,086 1 327,086 — — — —

University of California, Berkeley 7 2,249,425 6 2,218,084 1 31,341 — —

University of California, Davis 38 15,091,471 35 14,338,523 3 752,948 — —

University of California, Irvine 15 5,536,284 13 5,449,582 2 86,702 — —

University of California, Los Angeles 70 40,599,586 57 33,319,369 10 1,408,702 3 5,871,515

University of California, Merced 3 762,828 3 762,828 — — — —

University of California, Riverside 3 968,370 3 968,370 — — — —
170

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

University of California, San Diego 85 46,936,206 74 44,973,969 11 1,962,237 — —

University of California, San Francisco 117 46,867,768 99 43,783,568 14 2,055,834 4 1,028,366

University of Southern California 18 8,667,319 18 8,667,319 — — — —

Vala Sciences, Inc. 1 221,765 1 221,765 — — — —

Veterans Medical Research Foundation, 

San Diego

3 966,349 3 966,349 — — — —

Virogenics, Inc. 1 699,475 1 699,475 — — — —

Total California 590 288,217,737 515 260,844,794 58 8,590,148 17 18,782,795

Colorado

Colorado State University, Fort Collins 3 1,128,187 3 1,128,187 — — — —

Denver Health and Hospital Authority 1 354,328 — — — — 1 354,328

Keystone Symposia 4 51,800 4 51,800 — — — —

National Jewish Health 26 16,000,995 24 15,095,915 1 53,942 1 851,138

QuSpin 1 197,447 1 197,447 — — — —

Sharklet Technologies, Inc. 1 203,004 1 203,004 — — — —

University of Colorado, Boulder 6 1,919,036 5 1,666,095 1 252,941 — —

University of Colorado, Denver 62 24,044,547 57 21,943,386 4 1,596,254 1 504,907

ValveXchange, Inc. 1 1,077,042 1 1,077,042 — — — —

Total Colorado 105 44,976,386 96 41,362,876 6 1,903,137 3 1,710,373

Connecticut

Connecticut Children’s Medical Center 1 121,230 1 121,230 — — — —

Hartford Hospital 1 342,540 1 342,540 — — — —

John B. Pierce Laboratory, Inc. 1 207,612 1 207,612 — — — —

University of Connecticut Health Center 4 2,825,678 4 2,825,678 — — — —

University of Connecticut, Storrs 5 1,037,894 3 971,995 2 65,899 — —

Yale University 88 38,948,528 78 36,972,772 9 1,960,879 1 14,877

Total Connecticut 100 43,483,482 88 41,441,827 11 2,026,778 1 14,877

Delaware

University of Delaware 2 575,482 2 575,482 — — — —

Total Delaware 2 575,482 2 575,482 — — — —

District of Columbia

American Institutes for Research 3 2,791,716 — — — — 3 2,791,716

American Society of Hematology 1 38,470 1 38,470 — — — —

Children’s Research Institute 6 2,056,982 4 1,661,523 1 73,004 1 322,455

George Washington University 9 4,161,922 9 4,161,922 — — — —

Georgetown University 2 721,834 2 721,834 — — — —

Howard University 3 666,734 2 329,158 — — 1 337,576

Ogilvy Public Relations 2 3,172,718 — — — — 2 3,172,718
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Porter Novelli Public Services 1 399,995 — — — — 1 399,995

U.S. Census Bureau 1 548,000 — — — — 1 548,000

Total District of Columbia 28 14,558,371 18 6,912,907 1 73,004 9 7,572,460

Florida

Altor Bioscience Corporation 1 1,062,358 1 1,062,358 — — — —

ArchieMD, Inc. 2 1,445,759 1 488,927 — — 1 956,832

Florida Atlantic University 1 433,500 1 433,500 — — — —

Florida State University 1 249,000 1 249,000 — — — —

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research 

Institute

1 172,845 1 172,845 — — — —

Mount Sinai Medical Center (Miami Beach) — 908,302 — 908,302 — — — —

Nemours Children’s Clinic 2 646,330 2 646,330 — — — —

Nova Southeastern University 1 332,794 1 332,794 — — — —

Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies 1 608,277 1 608,277 — — — —

University of Central Florida 4 1,515,264 4 1,515,264 — — — —

University of Florida 31 16,979,556 30 16,932,442 1 47,114 — —

University of Miami School of Medicine 26 14,161,022 24 13,517,280 1 354,473 1 289,269

University of South Florida 4 1,778,183 4 1,778,183 — — — —

Total Florida 75 40,293,190 71 38,645,502 2 401,587 2 1,246,101

Georgia

Emory University 61 27,337,403 56 26,472,413 5 864,990 — —

Expression Therapeutics 2 674,776 2 674,776 — — — —

Georgia Health Sciences University 26 14,438,751 23 14,201,625 3 237,126 — —

Georgia Institute of Technology 4 1,611,640 4 1,611,640 — — — —

Georgia State University 1 212,276 1 212,276 — — — —

MedShape Solutions, Inc. 2 703,255 2 703,255 — — — —

Morehouse School of Medicine 7 1,744,883 7 1,744,883 — — — —

Northside Hospital, Atlanta 1 103,500 1 103,500 — — — —

Syntermed, Inc. 1 1,030,238 1 1,030,238 — — — —

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention

1 631,637 — — — — 1 631,637

University of Georgia 5 1,791,931 5 1,791,931 — — — —

Virtually Better, Inc. 1 225,465 1 225,465 — — — —

Total Georgia 112 50,505,755 103 48,772,002 8 1,102,116 1 631,637

Hawaii

University of Hawaii, Manoa 6 2,350,720 5 2,215,266 1 135,454 — —

Total Hawaii 6 2,350,720 5 2,215,266 1 135,454 — —

Idaho

Idaho State University 1 346,342 1 346,342 — — — —

Total Idaho 1 346,342 1 346,342 — — — —
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Illinois

Aqualung Therapeutics, Corp. 1 310,267 1 310,267 — — — —

Biomedical Acoustics Research Company 1 266,543 1 266,543 — — — —

Coramed Technologies 1 968,613 1 968,613 — — — —

Illinois Institute of Technology 2 565,325 2 565,325 — — — —

International Society of Experimental 

Hematology

— 5,000 — 5,000 — — — —

Loyola University, Chicago 12 3,627,446 10 3,526,272 2 101,174 — —

Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago 5 919,399 5 919,399 — — — —

Northern Illinois University 1 354,358 1 354,358 — — — —

Northshore University HealthSystem 1 483,586 1 483,586 — — — —

Northwestern University 76 32,913,847 63 29,563,247 11 1,414,501 2 1,936,099

ROS Technologies, Inc. 1 269,803 1 269,803 — — — —

Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine 

and Science

2 757,625 2 757,625 — — — —

Rush University Medical Center 14 7,737,335 14 7,737,335 — — — —

University of Chicago 40 15,259,758 36 14,132,223 4 1,127,535 — —

University of Illinois, Chicago 60 32,779,073 54 30,781,155 6 1,997,918 — —

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 13 3,368,227 8 3,141,970 5 226,257 — —

Total Illinois 230 100,586,205 200 93,782,721 28 4,867,385 2 1,936,099

Indiana

Emphymab Biotech, LLC 1 166,473 1 166,473 — — — —

Indiana University-Purdue University at 

Indianapolis

47 18,123,267 38 16,133,249 8 1,262,228 1 727,790

Purdue University, West Lafayette 3 896,778 3 896,778 — — — —

University of Notre Dame 2 772,388 2 772,388 — — — —

Total Indiana 53 19,958,906 44 17,968,888 8 1,262,228 1 727,790

Iowa

Des Moines University-Osteopathic 

Medical Center

1 361,537 1 361,537 — — — —

Exemplar Genetics, LLC 1 606,442 1 606,442 — — — —

Medical Imaging Applications, LLC 1 124,454 1 124,454 — — — —

University of Iowa 62 33,433,763 55 30,730,494 7 2,703,269 — —

Vida Diagnostics, Inc. 1 263,879 1 263,879 — — — —

Total Iowa 66 34,790,075 59 32,086,806 7 2,703,269 — —

Kansas

Kansas State University — 13,116 — — — 13,116 — —

Pinnacle Technology, Inc. 1 403,574 1 403,574 — — — —

University of Kansas, Lawrence 1 700,071 1 700,071 — — — —

University of Kansas Medical Center 5 1,669,572 5 1,669,572 — — — —

Total Kansas 7 2,786,333 7 2,773,217 — 13,116 — —
173

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Kentucky

Noveratech, LLC 1 199,825 1 199,825 — — — —

Pharmacogenetics Diagnostic Laboratories 1 1,005,004 1 1,005,004 — — — —

SCR, Inc. 1 674,196 1 674,196 — — — —

University of Kentucky 20 6,517,756 16 6,046,908 4 470,848 — —

University of Louisville 20 10,676,942 19 10,310,420 1 366,522 — —

W-Z Biotech, LLC 1 155,754 1 155,754 — — — —

Total Kentucky 44 19,229,477 39 18,392,107 5 837,370 — —

Louisiana

Children’s Hospital, New Orleans 1 237,837 1 237,837 — — — —

Louisiana State University and A&M 

College

2 701,533 2 701,533 — — — —

Louisiana State University Health Sciences 

Center, New Orleans

7 3,208,097 5 3,064,225 1 23,609 1 120,263

Louisiana State University Health Sciences 

Center, Shreveport

5 1,761,717 5 1,761,717 — — — —

Louisiana State University Pennington 

Biomedical Research Center

1 814,990 1 814,990 — — — —

Tulane University of Louisiana 14 5,798,711 13 5,658,231 1 140,480 — —

Total Louisiana 30 12,522,885 27 12,238,533 2 164,089 1 120,263

Maine

Jackson Laboratory 4 2,315,058 4 2,315,058 — — — —

Maine Medical Center 3 1,207,751 3 1,207,751 — — — —

University of Maine, Orono 1 532,376 1 532,376 — — — —

Total Maine 8 4,055,185 8 4,055,185 — — — —

Maryland

Advance BioScience Laboratories, Inc. 1 1,615,237 — — — — 1 1,615,237

American Institutes for Research 2 1,602,762 — — — — 2 1,602,762

American Physiological Society 2 175,640 2 175,640 — — — —

American Society for Biochemistry and 

Molecular Biology

1 8,000 1 8,000 — — — —

Aplastic Anemia & MDS International 

Foundation

1 5,000 1 5,000 — — — —

BIOQUAL, Inc. 1 1,119,326 — — — — 1 1,119,326

CDM Group, Inc. 1 466,000 — — — — 1 466,000

Clinical Trials & Surveys Corporation 1 4,770,339 — — — — 1 4,770,339

Danya International 2 286,000 — — — — 2 286,000

EMMES Corporation 1 1,186,648 — — — — 1 1,186,648

Federation of American Society for 

Experimental Biology

3 30,000 3 30,000 — — — —

Fisher BioServices, Inc. 1 5,546,674 — — — — 1 5,546,674
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the 

Advancement of Military Medicine

1 378,675 1 378,675 — — — —

Intelligent Automation, Inc. — 150,000 — — — — — 150,000

IQ Solutions, Inc. 1 2,079,184 — — — — 1 2,079,184

Johns Hopkins University 177 92,457,424 150 80,038,589 18 3,375,213 9 9,043,622

Key Technologies, Inc. 1 161,051 1 161,051 — — — —

Medical Decision Logic, Inc. 1 120,498 1 120,498 — — — —

MedStar Health Research Institute 1 326,937 1 326,937 — — — —

National Center for Health Statistics 2 2,799,000 — — — — 2 2,799,000

National Human Genome Research Institute 1 185,000 — — — — 1 185,000

National Institutes of Health 17 107,493,615 — — — — 17 107,493,615

North American Vascular Biology 

Organization

1 15,000 1 15,000 — — — —

Pulmonary Hypertension Association 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

Science Applications International 

Corporation

1 449,977 — — — — 1 449,977

Scientific Consulting Group, Inc. 1 22,997 — — — — 1 22,997

SeraCare BioServices 2 3,217,643 — — — — 2 3,217,643

Social and Scientific Systems, Inc. 1 2,916,918 — — — — 1 2,916,918

TAJ Technology — 350,000 — — — — — 350,000

U.S. Department of Health and Human 

Services Supply Service Center

2 1,386,500 — — — — 2 1,386,500

U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2 240,000 — — — — 2 240,000

University of Maryland, College Park 3 598,555 3 598,555 — — — —

University of Maryland, Baltimore 43 23,672,813 39 21,498,234 3 633,879 1 1,540,700

Westat 2 2,606,149 — — — — 2 2,606,149

Total Maryland 278 258,449,562 205 103,366,179 21 4,009,092 52 151,074,291

Massachusetts

Baystate Medical Center 2 630,975 1 293,599 — — 1 337,376

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 53 33,012,943 47 31,230,616 6 1,782,327 — —

BioSurfaces 1 369,422 1 369,422 — — — —

Boston Biomedical Research Institute 2 1,267,076 2 1,267,076 — — — —

Boston Children’s Hospital 47 25,797,846 42 23,904,635 5 1,893,211 — —

Boston University Medical Campus 62 38,777,209 54 26,049,481 6 2,113,188 2 10,614,540

Brigham and Women’s Hospital 176 108,799,022 164 103,713,598 10 3,559,700 2 1,525,724

Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc. 1 640,800 1 640,800 — — — —

Charles Stark Draper Laboratory 1 305,777 1 305,777 — — — —

Circadian Management, Inc. 1 144,887 1 144,887 — — — —

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 9 5,505,995 9 5,505,995 — — — —

Dimagi, Inc. 1 247,729 — — — — 1 247,729

DNA Medicine Institute 1 486,288 1 486,288 — — — —

Factor Bioscience, Inc. — 42,641 — 42,641 — — — —

Giner, Inc. 1 299,667 1 149,983 — — — 149,684

Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc. 2 679,059 2 679,059 — — — —
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Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Harvard University 28 16,197,228 24 15,030,275 4 1,166,953 — —

Heartlander Surgical, Inc. 1 346,699 1 346,699 — — — —

Immune Disease Institute, Inc. 7 7,460,434 5 4,494,057 1 52,190 1 2,914,187

Immunetics, Inc. 1 3,667,660 — — — — 1 3,667,660

Infoscitex Corporation 2 950,899 2 950,899 — — — —

Joslin Diabetes Center 3 2,365,749 3 2,365,749 — — — —

Massachusetts General Hospital 79 38,984,710 73 34,987,890 4 896,755 2 3,100,065

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4 1,052,449 2 949,293 2 103,156 — —

Med-Conduit, Inc. 1 225,659 1 225,659 — — — —

Mirtech, Inc. 1 249,943 1 249,943 — — — —

National Bureau of Economic Research 1 336,704 1 336,704 — — — —

New England Research Institutes, Inc. 6 25,758,354 4 20,193,199 — — 2 5,565,155

Northeastern University 1 249,909 1 249,909 — — — —

Phoenicia Biosciences, Inc. 1 491,254 1 491,254 — — — —

Physical Sciences, Inc. 1 552,075 1 552,075 — — — —

Radiation Monitoring Devices 1 299,844 — — — — 1 299,844

Radikal Therapeutics, Inc. 4 1,172,209 4 1,172,209 — — — —

SignaBlok, Inc. 1 221,829 1 221,829 — — — —

Springfield College — 23,186 — 23,186 — — — —

Sterling Point Research, LLC 1 248,644 1 248,644 — — — —

Steward Research and Specialty Projects 

Corporation

1 210,125 1 210,125 — — — —

Tufts Medical Center 22 8,593,823 21 8,085,327 1 508,496 — —

Tufts University, Boston 9 2,840,891 6 2,673,866 3 167,025 — —

Tufts University, Medford 3 504,433 2 455,219 1 49,214 — —

University of Massachusetts, Amherst 2 866,214 2 866,214 — — — —

University of Massachusetts Medical School 26 10,395,848 25 10,340,178 1 55,670 — —

Total Massachusetts 567 341,274,108 510 300,504,259 44 12,347,885 13 28,421,964

Michigan

Arbor Ultrasound Technologies, LLC 1 237,534 1 237,534 — — — —

Central Michigan University 1 351,478 1 351,478 — — — —

Henry Ford Health System 7 4,607,522 7 4,607,522 — — — —

Integrated Sensing Systems, Inc. 1 792,919 1 792,919 — — — —

Magnetic Resonance Innovations, Inc. 1 80,077 1 80,077 — — — —

MC3, Inc. 4 1,775,680 4 1,775,680 — — — —

MedArray, Inc. 1 993,024 1 993,024 — — — —

Michigan State University 10 4,687,897 9 4,648,336 1 39,561 — —

Michigan Technological University 1 459,600 1 459,600 — — — —

Phrixus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 622,877 1 622,877 — — — —

University of Michigan 103 47,227,360 95 44,456,961 5 1,586,916 3 1,183,483

Wayne State University 13 5,165,261 12 5,131,138 1 34,123 — —

Total Michigan 144 67,001,229 134 64,157,146 7 1,660,600 3 1,183,483
176

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Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Minnesota

Advanced Circulatory Systems, Inc. 1 883,421 1 883,421 — — — —

Advanced Medical Electronics Corporation 1 192,708 1 192,708 — — — —

Discovery Genomics, Inc. 1 570,317 1 570,317 — — — —

HealthPartners Research Foundation 4 2,575,456 4 2,575,456 — — — —

Innovative Surface Technologies, Inc. 1 582,323 1 582,323 — — — —

Koronis Biomedical Technologies 

Corporation

1 179,530 1 179,530 — — — —

Mayo Clinic, Rochester 54 24,505,339 48 22,930,134 3 371,855 3 1,203,350

Minnesota HealthSolutions Corporation 1 175,843 1 175,843 — — — —

Minnetronix, Inc. 3 3,394,296 3 3,394,296 — — — —

ResQSystems, Inc. 2 627,784 2 627,784 — — — —

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 71 37,127,636 58 29,486,709 9 1,744,035 4 5,896,892

VivaQuant, LLC 1 196,613 1 196,613 — — — —

Total Minnesota 141 71,011,266 122 61,795,134 12 2,115,890 7 7,100,242

Mississippi

Jackson State University 1 3,923,109 — — — — 1 3,923,109

Tougaloo College 1 1,248,238 — — — — 1 1,248,238

University of Mississippi Medical Center 23 11,501,221 18 8,538,981 2 440,144 3 2,522,096

Total Mississippi 25 16,672,568 18 8,538,981 2 440,144 5 7,693,443

Missouri

APT Therapeutics, Inc. 2 1,011,238 2 1,011,238 — — — —

CardiaLen, Inc. 1 250,742 1 250,742 — — — —

Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City 1 253,466 1 253,466 — — — —

Evas Therapeutics, LLC 1 727,207 1 727,207 — — — —

Nanova, Inc. 1 729,898 1 729,898 — — — —

Saint Louis University 9 3,233,027 9 3,233,027 — — — —

Saint Luke’s Hospital 2 355,580 2 355,580 — — — —

University of Missouri, Columbia 22 9,675,269 21 9,569,137 1 106,132 — —

University of Missouri, Kansas City 2 387,140 1 225,000 1 162,140 — —

Vasculox, Inc. 1 706,733 1 706,733 — — — —

Washington University 125 49,012,275 104 44,805,493 20 3,903,195 1 303,587

Total Missouri 167 66,342,575 144 61,867,521 22 4,171,467 1 303,587

Montana

Montana State University, Bozeman 3 1,068,750 3 1,068,750 — — — —

University of Montana 1 409,954 1 409,954 — — — —

Total Montana 4 1,478,704 4 1,478,704 — — — —
177

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Nebraska

Creighton University 5 2,610,150 5 2,610,150 — — — —

University of Nebraska, Lincoln 1 257,813 1 257,813 — — — —

University of Nebraska Medical Center 8 4,136,090 6 4,031,710 2 104,380 — —

Total Nebraska 14 7,004,053 12 6,899,673 2 104,380 — —

Nevada

University of Nevada, Reno 4 1,201,030 4 1,201,030 — — — —

Total Nevada 4 1,201,030 4 1,201,030 — — — —

New Hampshire

Celdara Medical, LLC 3 3,146,123 3 3,146,123 — — — —

Dartmouth College 8 2,451,463 8 2,451,463 — — — —

Xemed, LLC 4 1,716,884 4 1,716,884 — — — —

Total New Hampshire 15 7,314,470 15 7,314,470 — — — —

New Jersey

3D Biotek, LLC 1 237,965 1 237,965 — — — —

Allied Innovative Systems, LLC 1 148,988 1 148,988 — — — —

Angel Medical Systems, Inc. 1 779,680 1 779,680 — — — —

DVX, LLC 2 963,070 2 963,070 — — — —

HDL Apomics, LLC 1 139,291 — — — — 1 139,291

Menssana Research, Inc. 1 985,147 1 985,147 — — — —

Newark Beth Israel Medical Center 1 97,881 1 97,881 — — — —

Princeton University 1 201,250 1 201,250 — — — —

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 

New Brunswick

2 754,479 2 754,479 — — — —

University of Medicine & Dentistry of 

New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School

19 8,508,636 18 8,298,802 1 209,834 — —

Vasade Biosciences, Inc. 2 373,599 2 373,599 — — — —

Total New Jersey 32 13,189,986 30 12,840,861 1 209,834 1 139,291

New Mexico

Lovelace Biomedical & Environmental 

Research

4 4,689,666 2 974,765 — — 2 3,714,901

University of New Mexico Health Sciences 

Center

8 2,220,865 7 1,951,084 1 269,781 — —

VisionQuest Biomedical, LLC 1 141,595 1 141,595 — — — —

Total New Mexico 13 7,052,126 10 3,067,444 1 269,781 2 3,714,901

New York

Albany College of Pharmacy 1 347,369 1 347,369 — — — —

Albany Medical College 9 3,221,404 8 3,162,382 1 59,022 — —
178

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 

Yeshiva University

23 11,409,636 21 11,191,818 2 217,818 — —

Angion Biomedica Corporation 2 728,038 2 728,038 — — — —

Barth Syndrome Foundation 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

Biomedica Management Corporation 1 965,052 1 965,052 — — — —

Circulatory Technology, Inc. 1 881,425 1 881,425 — — — —

City College of New York 3 1,132,521 3 1,132,521 — — — —

Columbia University 79 33,323,888 71 30,514,294 6 1,445,115 2 1,364,479

Cornell University, Ithaca 9 4,040,811 9 4,040,811 — — — —

Feinstein Institute for Medical Research 2 825,850 2 825,850 — — — —

General Electric Global Research Center 1 840,483 1 840,483 — — — —

Hospital for Special Surgery 1 167,016 1 167,016 — — — —

Ithaca College 1 116,527 1 116,527 — — — —

Jarvik Heart, Inc. 1 2,374,496 — — — — 1 2,374,496

Kognito Solutions, LLC 1 149,747 1 149,747 — — — —

Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Inc. 2 491,442 1 437,500 1 53,942 — —

Mount Sinai School of Medicine 31 17,660,774 28 17,190,018 3 470,756 — —

New York Blood Center 4 1,054,465 4 1,054,465 — — — —

New York Institute of Technology 1 356,079 1 356,079 — — — —

New York Medical College 8 3,567,663 5 3,444,281 3 123,382 — —

New York University School of Medicine 35 27,000,124 31 26,271,512 4 728,612 — —

NOHMs Technologies 1 149,651 — — — — 1 149,651

Pulmokine, Inc. 2 1,638,952 2 1,638,952 — — — —

Queens College 1 193,750 1 193,750 — — — —

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1 787,839 1 787,839 — — — —

Research Foundation for the State 

University of New York

1 244,953 — — — — 1 244,953

Retia Medical, LLC 1 151,360 1 151,360 — — — —

Rockefeller University 2 1,198,604 2 1,198,604 — — — —

Roswell Park Cancer Institute Corporation 2 1,647,502 2 1,647,502 — — — —

Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer 

Research

8 3,464,385 8 3,464,385 — — — —

St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Institute for Health 

Sciences

1 549,810 1 549,810 — — — —

State University of New York, Buffalo 11 4,505,729 11 4,505,729 — — — —

State University New York, Stony Brook 10 4,311,829 10 4,311,829 — — — —

SUNY Downstate Medical Center 4 1,898,123 4 1,898,123 — — — —

Transonic Systems, Inc. 1 225,000 1 225,000 — — — —

University of Buffalo 1 1,540,989 — — — — 1 1,540,989

University of Rochester 57 25,202,251 52 23,991,956 5 1,210,295 — —

Upstate Medical University 6 1,985,093 6 1,985,093 — — — —

Wadsworth Center 1 389,636 1 389,636 — — — —

Weill Medical College of Cornell 

University

28 13,772,599 27 13,370,289 1 402,310 — —
179

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Winifred Masterson Burke Medical 

Research Institute

1 470,206 1 470,206 — — — —

Winthrop-University Hospital 1 249,000 1 249,000 — — — —

Total New York 358 175,242,071 326 164,856,251 26 4,711,252 6 5,674,568

North Carolina

BioLink Life Sciences, Inc. 1 94,935 1 94,935 — — — —

Carolinas Medical Center 1 708,641 1 708,641 — — — —

Cognosci, Inc. 1 261,824 1 261,824 — — — —

Duke University 104 65,389,408 92 61,954,282 9 2,389,450 3 1,045,676

East Carolina University 3 651,660 3 651,660 — — — —

Gramercy Research Group, LLC 1 826,802 1 826,802 — — — —

Heart Imaging Technologies, LLC 1 1,000,000 1 1,000,000 — — — —

KeraNetics, LLC 1 374,414 1 374,414 — — — —

NanoCor Therapeutics, Inc. 1 640,383 1 640,383 — — — —

North Carolina State University, Raleigh 4 1,306,956 3 1,122,928 1 184,028 — —

RTI International 7 8,595,440 3 2,879,524 — — 4 5,715,916

Rheomics, Inc. 1 241,147 1 241,147 — — — —

TriboFilm Research, Inc. 1 697,580 1 697,580 — — — —

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 97 49,200,898 80 38,806,616 12 1,854,623 5 8,539,659

Wake Forest University Health Sciences 37 27,642,338 27 17,792,732 4 1,044,595 6 8,805,011

Total North Carolina 261 157,632,426 217 128,053,468 26 5,472,696 18 24,106,262

Ohio

Arteriocyte, Inc. 1 283,861 1 283,861 — — — —

Case Western Reserve University 46 18,647,403 42 17,493,029 4 1,154,374 — —

ChanTest, Inc. 1 631,859 1 631,859 — — — —

Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical 

Center 

73 28,359,836 67 27,766,223 6 593,613 — —

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of 

Medicine

57 32,174,663 52 31,287,796 3 138,567 2 748,300

Cleveland State University 2 659,453 2 659,453 — — — —

Faraday Technology, Inc. 1 493,482 1 493,482 — — — —

Kent State University 2 1,324,681 2 1,324,681 — — — —

Northeast Ohio Medical University 4 1,753,813 4 1,753,813 — — — —

NovelMed Therapeutics, Inc. 2 1,324,690 2 1,324,690 — — — —

Ohio State University 38 11,922,243 35 11,191,543 2 109,285 1 621,415

Orbital Research, Inc. 1 162,170 1 162,170 — — — —

P2D, Inc. 1 390,255 1 390,255 — — — —

Perfusion Solutions, Inc. 1 257,631 1 257,631 — — — —

Research Institute Nationwide Children’s 

Hospital

7 1,870,560 5 1,551,527 2 319,033 — —

University of Akron 1 248,847 1 248,847 — — — —
180

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

University of Cincinnati 27 9,838,033 24 9,336,575 3 501,458 — —

University of Ohio 1 1,398,356 — — — — 1 1,398,356

University of Toledo Health Science 

Campus

12 7,640,446 12 7,640,446 — — — —

Wright State University 3 1,047,659 3 1,047,659 — — — —

Total Ohio 281 120,429,941 257 114,845,540 20 2,816,330 4 2,768,071

Oklahoma

INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center 1 225,615 1 225,615 — — — —

Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation 7 4,597,192 7 4,597,192 — — — —

Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 1 364,288 1 364,288 — — — —

Selexys Pharmaceuticals Corporation 1 1,037,638 1 1,037,638 — — — —

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences 

Center

9 3,782,231 9 3,782,231 — — — —

Vadovations, Inc. 1 260,576 1 260,576 — — — —

Total Oklahoma 20 10,267,540 20 10,267,540 — — — —

Oregon

Aronora, LLC 1 999,377 1 999,377 — — — —

Cylerus, Inc. 1 224,765 1 224,765 — — — —

Elex Biotech, LLC 1 349,774 1 349,774 — — — —

Fanconi Anemia Research Fund, Inc. — 5,000 — 5,000 — — — —

Gamma Therapeutics, Inc. 1 520,320 1 520,320 — — — —

Oregon Center for Applied Science, Inc. 2 1,040,653 2 1,040,653 — — — —

Oregon Health and Science University 38 16,379,032 31 15,060,643 7 1,318,389 — —

Oregon State University 1 347,804 1 347,804 — — — —

Portland State University 1 361,350 1 361,350 — — — —

University of Oregon 3 632,671 2 595,335 1 37,336 — —

Total Oregon 49 20,860,746 41 19,505,021 8 1,355,725 — —

Pennsylvania

Accel Diagnostics 1 355,563 1 355,563 — — — —

Carnegie Mellon University 3 1,295,250 3 1,295,250 — — — —

Celsense, Inc. 1 379,160 1 379,160 — — — —

Cereve, Inc. 1 869,234 1 869,234 — — — —

Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 39 21,723,698 35 19,905,111 3 604,919 1 1,213,668

Convance Research Products 1 488,324 — — — — 1 488,324

Drexel University 1 386,250 1 386,250 — — — —

Ension, Inc. 1 1,973,534 — — — — 1 1,973,534

Institute for Transfusion Medicine 1 19,520 — — — — 1 19,520

Magee-Women’s Research Institute and 

Foundation

1 320,903 1 320,903 — — — —

NanoDynamics Life Sciences, Inc. 1 481,885 1 481,885 — — — —

National Disease Research Interchange — 149,047 — 149,047 — — — —
181

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Pennsylvania State University Hershey 

Medical Center

14 15,574,223 13 15,522,033 1 52,190 — —

Pennsylvania State University Park 3 961,945 3 961,945 — — — —

PinMed, Inc. 2 336,287 1 186,501 — — 1 149,786

Progenra, Inc. 1 282,804 1 282,804 — — — —

Shifa Biomedical 2 1,132,861 2 1,132,861 — — — —

Swarthmore College 1 280,103 1 280,103 — — — —

Temple University 50 19,809,366 42 17,436,175 6 638,217 2 1,734,974

Thomas Jefferson University 15 5,481,092 14 5,433,860 1 47,232 — —

U.S. Agricultural Research Service 1 129,186 1 129,186 — — — —

University of Pennsylvania 141 71,987,778 124 66,190,323 16 4,547,082 1 1,250,373

University of Pittsburgh 118 54,691,114 103 50,906,901 12 2,104,675 3 1,679,538

Wistar Institute 4 2,969,768 4 2,969,768 — — — —

Total Pennsylvania 403 202,078,895 353 185,574,863 39 7,994,315 11 8,509,717

Rhode Island

Brown University 5 1,199,815 3 1,122,170 2 77,645 — —

EpiVax, Inc. 1 381,361 1 381,361 — — — —

Gordon Research Conferences 9 109,730 9 109,730 — — — —

Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island 1 680,329 1 680,329 — — — —

Miriam Hospital 4 1,499,383 3 1,208,103 1 291,280 — —

Rhode Island Hospital 9 3,531,831 8 3,321,805 1 210,026 — —

Roger Williams Hospital 1 416,962 1 416,962 — — — —

University of Rhode Island 1 292,041 1 292,041 — — — —

Total Rhode Island 31 8,111,452 27 7,532,501 4 578,951 — —

South Carolina

Acxend 1 161,463 1 161,463 — — — —

Clemson University 2 520,660 2 520,660 — — — —

Medical University of South Carolina 26 8,476,593 22 7,305,583 3 947,709 1 223,301

MicroVide, LLC 1 322,296 1 322,296 — — — —

University of South Carolina, Columbia 13 5,263,744 12 5,231,942 1 31,802 — —

Total South Carolina 43 14,744,756 38 13,541,944 4 979,511 1 223,301

South Dakota

South Dakota State University 1 349,667 1 349,667 — — — —

University of South Dakota 2 716,101 2 716,101 — — — —

Total South Dakota 3 1,065,768 3 1,065,768 — — — —

Tennessee

East Tennessee State University 1 353,925 1 353,925 — — — —

Meharry Medical College 4 919,273 2 495,170 2 424,103 — —

St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 12 6,222,507 10 5,837,961 1 55,670 1 328,876
182

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Translational Sciences, Inc. 1 784,036 1 784,036 — — — —

University of Tennessee Health Science 

Center

23 10,445,601 22 10,396,387 1 49,214 — —

University of Tennessee, Knoxville 1 365,000 1 365,000 — — — —

Vanderbilt University Medical Center 102 47,191,978 91 44,486,953 10 2,405,082 1 299,943

Total Tennessee 144 66,282,320 128 62,719,432 14 2,934,069 2 628,819

Texas

Baylor College of Medicine 42 19,276,821 30 13,355,300 10 1,875,234 2 4,046,287

Baylor Research Institute 1 763,813 1 763,813 — — — —

Biomedical Development Corporation 1 411,415 1 411,415 — — — —

CorInnova, Inc. 1 148,233 1 148,233 — — — —

Dell Marketing L.P. 1 654,656 — — — — 1 654,656

FGH Biotech, Inc. 1 324,473 1 324,473 — — — —

Indus Instruments 1 1,329,814 — — — — 1 1,329,814

Paragonix Technologies, Inc. 1 148,436 1 148,436 — — — —

Pulmotect, Inc. 1 301,296 1 301,296 — — — —

Rice University 3 804,560 3 804,560 — — — —

Savara, Inc. 1 149,750 1 149,750 — — — —

Texas A&M University Health Science 

Center

12 3,048,256 12 3,048,256 — — — —

Texas Biomedical Research Institute 6 9,070,614 6 9,070,614 — — — —

Texas Engineering Experiment Station 2 991,264 2 991,264 — — — —

Texas Heart Institute 2 1,670,135 2 1,670,135 — — — —

Texas Southern University 1 204,359 1 204,359 — — — —

Texas Tech University Health Sciences 

Center 2 507,320 2 507,320 — — — —

University of Houston 1 371,250 1 371,250 — — — —

University of North Texas Health Science 

Center

6 3,192,116 6 3,192,116 — — — —

University of Texas, Austin 4 1,721,480 4 1,721,480 — — — —

University of Texas, El Paso 1 134,317 1 134,317 — — — —

University of Texas, San Antonio 3 743,032 2 719,758 1 23,274 — —

University of Texas Health Science Center, 

Houston

28 16,261,363 27 15,287,638 — — 1 973,725

University of Texas Health Science Center, 

San Antonio

11 4,552,688 9 4,196,239 2 356,449 — —

University of Texas Health Science Center, 

Tyler

7 4,434,361 6 1,862,153 — — 1 2,572,208

University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer 

Center

3 983,672 3 983,672 — — — —

University of Texas Medical Branch, 

Galveston 3 2,685,941 2 488,668 — — 1 2,197,273

University of Texas, Southwestern Medical 

Center

50 22,718,535 42 20,695,184 7 995,917 1 1,027,434

University of the Incarnate Word 1 125,356 1 125,356 — — — —

Total Texas 197 97,729,326 169 81,677,055 20 3,250,874 8 12,801,397
183

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Utah

IHC Health Services, Inc. 1 344,429 — — — — 1 344,429

Nanoshell Company, LLC 1 1,143,383 — 995,148 — — 1 148,235

Proactive Memory Services, Inc. — 99,011 — 99,011 — — — —

University of Utah 48 19,958,203 41 18,675,856 5 983,501 2 298,846

Total Utah 50 21,545,026 41 19,770,015 5 983,501 4 791,510

Vermont

University of Vermont 23 10,767,846 19 9,219,731 3 1,127,418 1 420,697

Total Vermont 23 10,767,846 19 9,219,731 3 1,127,418 1 420,697

Virginia

American Psychosomatic Society 1 15,000 1 15,000 — — — —

Booz Allen and Hamilton, Inc. 1 2,249,898 — — — — 1 2,249,898

College of William and Mary 1 212,355 1 212,355 — — — —

Eastern Virginia Medical School 2 725,000 2 725,000 — — — —

GPB Scientific, LLC 1 241,299 1 241,299 — — — —

INDUS Corporation 1 67,418 — — — — 1 67,418

ISA Associates, Inc. 2 296,604 1 147,589 — — 1 149,015

Old Dominion University 1 689,793 1 689,793 — — — —

Paragon Technology Group 1 285,954 — — — — 1 285,954

ThunderCat Technology 1 3,899,985 — — — — 1 3,899,985

University of Virginia, Charlottesville 50 20,208,528 47 19,202,947 3 1,005,581 — —

Virginia Commonwealth University 30 11,903,319 26 11,524,641 4 378,678 — —

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 

University

4 1,449,483 4 1,449,483 — — — —

Total Virginia 96 42,244,636 84 34,208,107 7 1,384,259 5 6,652,270

Washington

Barlow Scientific, Inc. 1 150,000 1 150,000 — — — —

Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories 1 1,624,470 1 1,624,470 — — — —

Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia 

Mason

4 3,081,532 4 3,081,532 — — — —

DRVision Technologies, LLC 1 987,686 1 987,686 — — — —

EKOS Corporation 1 210,000 1 210,000 — — — —

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 23 33,854,529 22 17,731,173 — — 1 16,123,356

Group Health Cooperative 2 606,828 2 606,828 — — — —

Insilicos 1 400,000 1 400,000 — — — —

Matrexa, LLC 1 334,031 1 334,031 — — — —

Puget Sound Blood Center 8 3,191,936 7 3,015,291 — — 1 176,645

Seattle Biomedical Research Institute 1 144,775 1 144,775 — — — —

Seattle Children’s Hospital 13 6,049,516 13 6,049,516 — — — —
184

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Seattle Institute for Biomedical and 

Clinical Research

— 110,250 — 110,250 — — — —

Syntrix Biosystems, Inc. 1 1,147,002 1 1,147,002 — — — —

University of Washington 108 69,125,509 96 55,993,171 7 2,887,959 5 10,244,379

VA Puget Sound Health Care System 2 248,313 — — — — 2 248,313

Virtici 1 689,961 1 689,961 — — — —

Washington State University 2 735,132 2 735,132 — — — —

Total Washington 171 122,691,470 155 93,010,818 7 2,887,959 9 26,792,693

West Virginia

West Virginia University 6 1,965,596 4 1,593,632 2 371,964 — —

Total West Virginia 6 1,965,596 4 1,593,632 2 371,964 — —

Wisconsin

Aurora Health Care, Inc. 1 509,165 1 509,165 — — — —

BellBrook Labs, LLC 1 539,579 1 539,579 — — — —

Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin 1 17,954 — — — — 1 17,954

Bloodcenter of Wisconsin, Inc. 9 4,866,434 8 4,725,664 1 140,770 — —

Medical College of Wisconsin 58 29,241,804 53 28,270,912 5 970,892 — —

Morgridge Institute for Research, Inc. 1 1,138,719 1 1,138,719 — — — —

Society of Behavioral Medicine 1 20,000 1 20,000 — — — —

University of Wisconsin, La Crosse 1 303,726 1 303,726 — — — —

University of Wisconsin, Madison 48 24,677,968 38 21,802,390 9 979,478 1 1,896,100

University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 1 349,809 1 349,809 — — — —

Total Wisconsin 122 61,665,158 105 57,659,964 15 2,091,140 2 1,914,054

Wyoming

MJ Data Corporation, Ltd. 1 149,977 1 149,977 — — — —

Total Wyoming 1 149,977 1 149,977 — — — —

Puerto Rico

Universidad Central Del Caribe 2 394,190 2 394,190 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences 2 365,900 2 365,900 — — — —

Total Puerto Rico 4 760,090 4 760,090 — — — —

Total U.S. 5,259 2,730,857,156 4,601 2,308,491,062 463 91,387,432 195 330,978,662 

Argentina

Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and 

Health Policy

1 56,780 — — — — 1 56,780

Total Argentina 1 56,780 — — — — 1 56,780
185

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Bangladesh

International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease 

Research

1 53,993 — — — — 1 53,993

Total Bangladesh 1 53,993 — — — — 1 53,993

Canada

Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto) 2 591,872 2 591,872 — — — —

McMaster University 1 1,085,356 1 1,085,356 — — — —

Ottawa Hospital Research Institute 1 285,476 1 285,476 — — — —

St. Michael’s Hospital 1 180,360 1 180,360 — — — —

University Health Network 1 323,586 1 323,586 — — — —

Total Canada 6 2,466,650 6 2,466,650 — — — —

China

George Institute for International Health, 

China

1 328,892 — — — — 1 328,892

Total China 1 328,892 — — — — 1 328,892

Guatemala

Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y 

Panamá

1 562,207 — — — — 1 562,207

Total Guatemala 1 562,207 — — — — 1 562,207

Hungary

Institute of Enzymology, Biological 

Research Center

— 26,730 — 26,730 — — — —

Total Hungary — 26,730 — 26,730 — — — —

India

Public Health Foundation of India 1 229,427 — — — — 1 229,427

Total India 1 229,427 — — — — 1 229,427

Kenya

Moi University School of Medicine 1 55,000 — — — — 1 55,000

Total Kenya 1 55,000 — — — — 1 55,000

Peru

Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia 1 110,680 — — — — 1 110,680

Total Peru 1 110,680 — — — — 1 110,680

South Africa

University of Cape Town 1 27,000 — — — — 1 27,000

Total South Africa 1 27,000 — — — — 1 27,000
186

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career 

Development Contracts

Institution No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars No. Dollars

Uganda

Makerere University — 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —

Total Uganda — 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —

United Kingdom

University College London 1 344,795 1 344,795 — — — —

Total United Kingdom 1 344,795 1 344,795 — — — —

Zimbabwe

University of Zimbabwe College of Health 

Sciences 

— 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —

Total Zimbabwe — 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —

Total, Other 15 4,462,154 7 3,038,175 — — 8 1,423,979

Grand Total 5,274 $2,735,319,310 4,608 $2,311,529,237 463 $91,387,432 203 $332,402,641
Appendixes

Types of Research Activity

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

Index

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Types of Research Activity

Research Projects

Research Project Grants (R01): To support discrete 

and specific projects by one or several investigators 

in areas of the investigator’s particular interests and 

competencies.

Research Projects (Cooperative Agreements) 

(U01): To support discrete, circumscribed projects 

in areas of an investigator’s specific interest and 

competency involving substantial programmatic 

participation by the NHLBI during performance 

of the activity.

Research Program (Cooperative Agreement) 

(U19): To support a research program of multiple 

projects, requiring a broadly-based, multidisciplinary 

and often long-term approach, directed toward a specific major objective, common theme, or program 

goal relevant to the Institute’s mission. The award 

involves substantial programmatic involvement by 

NHLBI staff to assist investigators during performance of the research activities.

Research Program Projects (P01): To support 

broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term 

research projects that have specific major objectives 

or basic themes directed toward a well-defined 

research program goal. Usually, a relatively large, 

organized group of researchers conducts individual 

subprojects, the results of which help achieve objectives of the program project.

Small Research Grants (R03): To provide limited 

support for extended analyses of research data generated by clinical trials, population research, and demonstration and education studies.

Academic Research Enhancement Awards 

(AREA) (R15): To support small-scale research 

projects in the biomedical and behavioral sciences 

conducted by faculty and students at educational 

institutions that have not been major recipients of 

NIH research grant funds. Awards are for up to 

$75,000 for direct costs (plus applicable indirect 

costs) for periods not to exceed 36 months.

Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21): To 

encourage the development of new research activities in heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders program areas.

Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R33): To provide phase II support for innovative exploratory and 

developmental research activities initiated under the 

R21 mechanism.

Clinical Trial Planning Grant (R34): To support 

pilot studies to obtain data that are critical to the 

successful design of a full-scale clinical trial.

Method To Extend Research in Time (MERIT) 

Award (R37): To provide long-term research grant 

support to investigators whose research competency 

and productivity are distinctly superior and thus are 

likely to continue to perform in an outstanding 

manner. Investigators may not apply for a MERIT 

award; instead, they are selected by the NHLBI on 

the basis of their current grant applications and their 

present and past grant support. As of July 2011, no 

new nominations for MERIT awards are being made.

Clinical Planning Grant Cooperative Agreement 

(U34): To support pilot studies to obtain data that 

are critical to the successful design of a full-scale 

clinical trial. The award involves substantial programmatic involvement by NHLBI staff to assist 

investigators during performance of the research 

activities.

NIH Director’s Pioneer Award (DP1): To support 

individual scientists of exceptional creativity who 

propose bold and highly innovative approaches that 

have the potential to produce a major impact on 

broad, important problems in biomedical and behavioral research.

NIH Director’s New Innovator Award (DP2): To 

support exceptionally creative new investigators who 

propose highly innovative approaches that have the 

potential to produce an unusually high impact.
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Exploratory/Developmental Cooperative Agreements 

Phase I (UH2): To support the development of new 

research activities in program areas that are relevant to 

the Institute’s mission. Support is generally restricted in 

level of support and in time. The award requires substantial programmatic involvement by NHLBI staff to 

assist investigators during the performance of research 

activities.

Multi-Component Research Project Cooperative 

Agreements (UM1): To support large-scale cooperative 

agreements that involve complex clinical trials with multiple components (e.g., clinical networks that are relevant 

to the Institute’s mission). The components represent a 

variety of supporting functions and are not independent of 

the research projects. The award requires substantial programmatic involvement by NHLBI staff to assist investigators during the performance of research activities.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase I (R41): To support cooperative R&D 

projects between small business concerns and research 

institutions, limited in time and amount, to establish the 

technical merit and feasibility of ideas that have potential 

for commercialization.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase II (R42): To support in-depth development of cooperative R&D projects between small business concerns and research institutions, limited in time 

and amount, whose feasibility has been established in 

phase I and that have potential for commercialization.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants, 

Phase I (R43): To support projects, limited in time and 

amount, to establish the technical merit and feasibility of 

research and development ideas that may ultimately lead 

to commercial products or services.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants, 

Phase II (R44): To support research project ideas that 

have been shown to be feasible in phase I and that are 

likely to result in commercially marketable products or 

services.

Research Centers

Exploratory Grants (P20): To support planning for 

new programs, expansion or modification of existing 

resources, and feasibility studies to explore various 

approaches to the development of interdisciplinary 

programs that offer potential solutions to problems of 

special significance to the mission of the NHLBI.

Center Core Grants (P30): To establish research 

centers to augment research capabilities and resources in 

biomedical and behavioral research related to heart, lung, 

blood, and sleep diseases and disorders.

Centers of Research Grants (P50): To accelerate the 

translation of promising new therapeutic interventions 

that are derived from fundamental research discoveries to 

treat and prevent cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

through planning and executing well-designed clinical 

trials that demonstrate safety and efficacy.

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research 

(SCCOR) Grants (P50): To foster multidisciplinary 

research on clinically relevant questions enabling basic 

science findings to be applied more rapidly to clinical 

problems. Research focuses on clinical and basic scientific issues related to diseases and disorders that are relevant to the mission of the NHLBI. The SCCOR program 

places more emphasis on clinical research than the 

SCOR program and requires at least 50 percent of the 

funded projects to be clinical.

National Swine Research and Resource Center (U42): 

To support a National Swine Research and Resource 

Center that will serve as a resource for depositing, maintaining, preserving, and distributing swine models for 

studies of human diseases, as well as cryopreservation, 

storage, and reconstitution of embryos and germplasm.

Specialized Centers Grants (U54): To support large, 

interrelated biomedical research that is focused on a 

disorder within the Institute’s mandate and to enhance 

the translation of basic research discoveries that could 

lead to improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of 

thrombotic and hemostatic disorders.

Research Career Programs

Mentored Career Development Award To Promote 

Faculty Diversity in Biomedical Research* (K01): To 

support underrepresented minority faculty members with 

varying levels of research experience to prepare them for 

research careers as independent investigators.

* Formerly known as Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for Minority Faculty.
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Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research 

Ethics (K01): To provide support for training in 

research ethics for health professionals working at 

academic and other health-related institutions in biomedical, behavioral, or public health research, particularly 

research involving human participants.

Mentored Career Award for Faculty at MinorityServing Institutions* (K01): To support faculty 

members at minority institutions who have the interest 

and potential to conduct state-of-the-art research in 

cardiovascular, pulmonary, or hematologic disease or in 

sleep disorders.

Independent Scientist Award (K02): To enhance the 

research capability of promising individuals in the formative stages of their careers of independent research in 

sciences related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood 

resources; and sleep disorders.

Academic Award (K07): To support an individual 

interested in introducing or improving curricula in a 

particular scientific field as a means of enhancing the 

educational or research capacity at the grantee institution 

and the individual’s own career. This program includes 

Academic Awards in Tuberculosis, Sleep, Nutrition, 

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities, and 

Pediatric Transfusion Medicine. Currently, the Career 

Development program is supporting Innovators in 

Hemoglobinopathies Care.

Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08): To 

provide an opportunity for clinically trained physicians to 

develop research skills and gain experience in advanced

research methods and experimental approaches in basic 

and applied sciences relevant to cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematological diseases and sleep disorders.

Research Career Development Program (K12): To 

promote comprehensive clinical research training for 

physicians to prepare them for academic roles in mentoring and leadership in clinical research. The program 

supports research training in vascular medicine, clinical 

hematology and transfusion medicine, genetics and 

genomics of lung diseases, and emergency medicine.

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

(K18): To enable established investigators to acquire 

new research capabilities in the use of human or animal 

embryonic, adult, or cord blood stem cells. All candidates must have a sponsor, either within their own or at 

another institution, who is a well-qualified stem cell 

expert to serve as a mentor.

NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22): To support 

the postdoctoral research training of an outstanding 

individual in an NHLBI intramural laboratory for up to 

3 years and subsequently, to support the individual’s 

successful transition from postdoctoral research to an 

extramural environment as an independent researcher.

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career 

Development Award (K23): To support the career 

development of investigators who have made a commitment to focus their research endeavors on patient-oriented 

research.

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24): To provide support for clinicians to 

allow them “protected time” to devote to patient-oriented 

research and to act as mentors for beginning clinical 

investigators. 

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development 

Award (K25): To support investigators with quantitative 

science or engineering backgrounds who have made a 

commitment to focus their research on basic or clinical 

biomedicine, bioengineering, bio-imaging, or behavioral 

sciences.

Pathway to Independence (K99/R00): To provide up 

to 5 years support in two phases to highly promising 

postdoctoral scientists to pursue research relevant to the 

Institute. The K99 phase (Career Transition Award) 

consists of 1 or 2 years of mentored support, followed by 

the R00 phase (Research Transition Award) of up to 

3 years of independent support, which is contingent on 

securing an independent research position. Award 

recipients will be expected to compete successfully for 

independent research grant support from the NIH or other 

Institutions during the independence phase to ensure 

continued support and a smooth transition to 

independence.

Other Research Grants

Cooperative Clinical Research (R10) (U10): To support studies and evaluations of relevant clinical problems. 

* Formerly known as Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Development Award.
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These grants usually involve collaborative efforts among 

several institutions and principal investigators and are 

conducted under a formal protocol.

Conference Grants (R13): To support national and 

international scientific meetings, conferences, or workshops at which research is discussed.

Research Demonstration and Education Projects 

(R18): To support the development, testing, and evaluation of health-related activities and to foster application 

of existing knowledge to the control of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders.

Resource-Related Research Projects (R24): To support research projects that will enhance the capability of 

resources to serve biomedical research in areas related 

to cardiovascular, lung, and blood health and diseases; 

blood resources; and sleep disorders. 

Education Projects (R25): To increase the number of 

students from underrepresented groups in biomedical 

and behavioral research who complete the Ph.D. degree 

programs in these fields. The program offers an opportunity to develop new or expand existing effective 

academic developmental programs, including student 

research internships, in order to prepare students from 

underrepresented groups for competitive research 

careers and leadership positions in the biomedical or 

behavioral sciences.

Minority Biomedical Research Support Grants 

(S06): To strengthen the biomedical research and 

research training capability of minority institutions and 

to assist in increasing the involvement of minority faculty and students in biomedical research.

Research Enhancement Award (SC1): To support 

individual investigator-initiated research projects aimed 

at developing researchers at minority-serving institutions 

to a stage where they can transition successfully to other 

extramural support.

Pilot Project Award (SC2): To support underrepresented minorities who are at the beginning stages of a 

research career and interested in testing a new idea or 

generating preliminary data, or who are more experienced investigators and interested in switching to a different field of research.

Continuing Education Training Grant (T15): To 

assist professional schools and other public and nonprofit 

institutions to establish, expand, or improve programs of 

continuing professional education, especially for programs dealing with new scientific developments.

Resource-Related Research Projects (U24): To support research projects contributing to improvement of the 

capability of resources to serve biomedical research.

Historical Black College and University Scientist 

Award (UH1): To augment human resources at historically black colleges and universities (HBCU) by recruiting an established research scientist into their biomedical 

or behavioral sciences department; to enhance the career 

of the recruited research scientist; and to strengthen 

other HBCU resources for the conduct of biomedical or 

behavioral research in areas related to cardiovascular, 

lung, and blood health and disease; transfusion medicine; 

and sleep disorders.

Individual National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA) 

Individual Predoctoral M.D./Ph.D. NRSA (F30): To 

provide predoctoral individuals with supervised research 

training in areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; and sleep disorders leading 

toward a combined M.D./Ph.D. degree. Training under 

this award is designed to provide a foundation for a 

career as a physician-scientist in the areas of interest to 

the NHLBI.

Predoctoral Individual NRSA (F31): To provide predoctoral individuals with supervised research training in 

areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood 

resources; and sleep disorders leading toward the 

research degree (e.g., Ph.D.).

Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32): To provide postdoctoral research training to individuals to broaden their 

scientific background and extend their potential for 

research in areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and blood resources and sleep disorders.

NRSA for Senior Fellows (F33): To provide experienced scientists with an opportunity to make major 

changes in the direction of their research careers, to 

broaden their scientific background, to acquire new 
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research capabilities, to enlarge their command of an 

allied research field, or to take time from regular professional responsibilities for the purpose of broadening their 

research capabilities.

Institutional National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA)

Institutional NRSA (T32): To enable institutions to 

make awards to individuals selected by them for predoctoral and postdoctoral research training in areas related 

to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; and 

sleep disorders.

Minority Institutional Research Training Program 

(T32M): To support full-time research training for 

investigative careers at minority schools in areas of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic diseases and 

sleep disorders. Graduate students, postdoctoral students, or health professions students may be supported

under this program.

MARC Undergraduate NRSA Institutional Grants 

(T34): To support institutional training grants for underrepresented minority undergraduates to obtain research 

training and improve their preparation for graduate training in the biomedical and behavioral sciences.

NRSA Short-Term Research Training (T35 and 

T35M): To provide individuals with research training 

during off-quarters or summer periods to encourage 

research careers or to encourage research in areas of 

national need. This program includes the Short-Term 

Training for Minority Students Program and short-term 

training for students in health professional schools.

MARC Visiting Professors for Minority Institutions 

(T36): To increase the number of well-trained minority 

scientists in biomedical disciplines and to strengthen the 

research and teaching capabilities of minority institutions.

Other Support

Research and Development Contracts (N01): To 

develop or apply new knowledge or test, screen, or 

evaluate a product, material, device, or component for 

use by the scientific community.

Small Business Innovation Research (N43): To support projects, limited in time and amount, to establish the 

technical merit and feasibility of R&D ideas that may 

ultimately lead to a commercial product(s) or service(s).

NIH Inter-Agency Agreements (Y01): To provide a 

source of funds to another Federal Agency to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

NIH Intra-Agency Agreements (Y02): To provide a 

source of funds to another NIH component to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

Minority Research Supplements Programs: To provide supplemental funds to active NHLBI grants to support the research of minority high school, undergraduate, 

and graduate students; postdoctoral trainees; and 

investigators.

195

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACCORDION Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk 

in Diabetes Follow-Up

ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme

AHEAD Action for Health in Diabetes

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

ALLHAT Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering

Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial

AMI acute myocardial infarction

ARIC Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities

BABY HUG Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical

Trial

CABG coronary artery bypass graft

CADET Centers for Advanced Diagnostics and 

Experimental Therapeutics in Lung 

Diseases

CARDIA Coronary Artery Risk Development in 

Young Adults

CDC Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention

CF cystic fibrosis

CHART Consortium of Hospitals Advancing 

Research on Tobacco

CHD coronary heart disease

COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

COPTR Childhood Obesity Prevention and

Treatment Research

CPHHD Centers for Population Health and

Health Disparities

CVD cardiovascular diseases

DARD Division for the Application of Research 

Discoveries

DASH Dietary Approaches To Stop 

Hypertension

DBDR Division of Blood Diseases and

Resources

DCVS Division of Cardiovascular Sciences

DERA Division of Extramural Research Affairs

DIR Division of Intramural Research

DLD Division of Lung Diseases

EARLY Early Adult Reduction of Weight 

Through LifestYle Intervention

EDTA ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid

FY fiscal year

GWAS genome-wide association study

HCHS-SOL Hispanic Community Health Study—

Study of Latinos

HEW Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare (now HHS)

HHS Health and Human Services (formerly

HEW)

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

ICD International Classification of Diseases

JHS Jackson Heart Study

LOTT Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
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MARC Minority Access to Research Careers

MESA Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

NAEPP National Asthma Education and 

Prevention Program

NCEP National Cholesterol Education Program

NCHS National Center for Health Statistics

NCI National Cancer Institute

NCSDR National Center on Sleep Disorders

Research

NHANES National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey

NHBPEP National High Blood Pressure Education

Program

NHI National Heart Institute

NHLBAC National Heart, Lung, and Blood

Advisory Council

NHLBI National Heart, Lung, and Blood

Institute (formerly NHI and NHLI)

NHLI National Heart and Lung Institute

NICHD National Institute of Child Health and

Human Development

NIH National Institutes of Health

NINDS National Institute of Neurological

Disorders and Stroke

NRSA National Research Service Award

ORBIT Obesity Related Behavior Intervention

Trials

OSA obstructive sleep apnea

PA Program Announcement

PAR Program Announcement with special 

receipt, referral, or review

PHS Public Health Service

RFA Request for Applications

RFP Request for Proposals

RPG research project grant

RuSH Registry and Surveillance System in

Hemoglobinopathies

SBIR Small Business Innovation Research

SCCOR Specialized Centers of Clinically

Oriented Research

SCD sickle cell disease

SCOR Specialized Centers of Research

SDB sleep disordered breathing

SES socioeconomic status

SIDS sudden infant death syndrome

SOYA Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma

SPRINT Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention

Trial

STAN Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids

STTR Small Business Technology Transfer

TB tuberculosis

TOPCAT Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists 

Therapy in Adults With Preserved 

Ejection Fraction Congestive Heart 

Failure

WHI Women’s Health Initiative
197

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Index

Index

A

Abbreviated Staff Directory, 1–7

Abbreviations, 195–196

Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Follow-Up 

Study (ACCORDION), 102, 103, 146, 195

Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities, 

135–156

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network 

(ARDSNet), 119, 122, 130

Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus Removal With 

Adjunctive Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis (ATTRACT), 

84, 95, 115, 117

Airway Smooth Muscle Function and Targeted Therapeutics in 

Human Asthma, 147

Anchoring Metabolomic Changes to Phenotype, 55, 77, 100 

Ancillary Studies in Clinical Trials, 154

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent 

Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 26, 27, 29, 118, 122, 123, 195

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), 121, 122, 129

Asthma Network (AsthmaNet), 83, 91, 121, 122, 130, 148

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 102, 103, 137, 

195

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study 

(ARIC-NCS), 83, 85

B

Basic Research in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease, 53–54

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network, 84, 

95, 121, 122, 131–132, 155

Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients Requiring Temporary 

Interruption of Warfarin Therapy for an Elective Invasive 

Procedure or Surgery (BRIDGE) Trial, 84, 95, 115

Budget History, FY 1950–2012, 67–68

Budget Overview, Obligations by Funding Mechanism, 

FY 2012, 65–66

Blood Diseases and Resources Program, 66

Cardiovascular Sciences Program, 66

Extramural Obligations, 66

Lung Diseases Program, 66

C

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network, 53, 83, 85, 

120, 122, 123

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), 102, 104, 195

Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial (CIRT), 83, 85

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions 

(CORAL), 83, 85, 112, 116

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial 

Fibrillation (CABANA) Trial, 83, 85, 113, 116

Center for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, 83, 86, 138

Centers for Advanced Diagnostics and Experimental 

Therapeutics in Lung Diseases (CADET), 96, 98, 150, 151, 

195

Centers for AIDS Research, 65, 66, 77, 99

Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities 

(CPHHD), 96, 138, 195

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research 

(COPTR), 83, 86, 120, 122, 123–124, 142, 195

Clarification of Optimal Anticoagulation Through Genetics 

(COAG), 118, 122, 124

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization 

(CLEVER), 83, 86, 112, 116

Clinical Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Research 

Career Development Program, 54, 155, 161, 162, 191

Clinical Trials (See also individual trials), 111–133

Institute-initiated: contracts, FY 2002–2012, 118–119

cooperative agreements, FY 2002–2012, 120–121

summary by program, FY 2012, 122

Investigator-initiated, FY 2002–2012, 111–115

summary by program, FY 2012, 116–117

Clinical Trials Development Resource for Hematologic 

Disorders, 55

Clinical Trials Planning Studies for Rare Thrombotic and 

Hemostatic Disorders, 55

Community Participation in Research, 56 

Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on Tobacco 

(CHART), 83, 86, 121, 122, 124, 144, 195

Contract obligations (See Research and development contracts)
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Cooperative Agreements, 9, 53, 59, 77, 83–84, 85–95, 111–115, 

116–117, 120–121, 122, 123–133, 189, 190

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults 

(CARDIA), 102, 104, 137, 140, 195

Cross Organ Mechanism-Associated Phenotypes for Genetic 

Analyses of Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Diseases 

(MAPGen for HLBS), 83, 86

D

Development and Testing of a Case-Finding Methodology in 

COPD, 54 

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—Phase II, 83, 

87, 120, 122, 124, 146

Disease statistics

adult population with hypertension, 49

death rates for cardiovascular diseases, 33, 37, 39

death rates for heart diseases, 33, 37–42

death rates for lung diseases, 34, 43, 45, 46

death rates for stroke, 40

deaths attributed to heart failure, 39

deaths by major causes, 35

deaths from blood diseases, 34, 35–36

deaths from cardiovascular diseases, 33–34, 35–37

deaths from lung diseases, 34, 35–36, 44

discharged dead from hospital with cardiovascular and lung 

diseases, 41

economic costs of illness, 33–34, 51–52

hospitalization rates for heart failure, 34, 50

percent change in age-adjusted death rates for selected 

causes, 43

persons experiencing asthma episodes in previous 12 months, 

50

physician office visits for sleep disorders, 46

prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, 48

prevalence of common cardiovascular and lung diseases, 

47–48

ten leading causes of death, 38

ten leading causes of death among minority groups, 38

Division for the Application of Research Discoveries, 4, 9, 17, 

138, 195

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, 4, 15–16, 21, 195

Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, 3, 9, 11–14, 31, 195

Division of Intramural Research, 5–6, 9, 16–17, 21, 195

Division of Lung Diseases, 3–4, 9, 14–15, 21, 195

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping, 102, 104

E

Early Adult Reduction of Weight Through LifestYle 

Intervention (EARLY) Trials, 83, 87, 120, 122, 125, 142, 195

Early Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease Studies in Humans, 54

Early-Phase Clinical Trials for Blood Cell Therapies, 55

EDTA Chelation Therapy for Coronary Artery Disease, 120, 

122, 125

Employment, FY 2002–2012, 71

Exploratory Studies in the Neurobiology of Pain in Sickle Cell 

Disease, 153–154

Extramural research funding

dollars funded by funding mechanism, FY 2002–2012, 71, 

73–74

percentage trends by funding mechanism, FY 2002–2012, 73, 

75

F

Framingham Heart Study, 22, 24, 29, 102, 104–105

Funding of grants, contracts, and training by: 

foreign country and institution, FY 2012: 

Argentina, 184; Bangladesh, 185; Canada, 185; China, 

185; Guatemala, 185; Hungary, 185; India, 185; Kenya, 

185; Peru, 185; South Africa, 185; Uganda, 186; 

United Kingdom, 186; Zimbabwe, 186

state or territory and institution, FY 2012: 

Alabama, 168; Arizona, 168; Arkansas, 168; California, 

168–170; Colorado, 170; Connecticut, 170; Delaware, 

170; District of Columbia, 170–171; Florida, 171; 

Georgia, 171; Hawaii, 171; Idaho, 171; Illinois, 172; 

Indiana, 172; Iowa, 172; Kansas, 172; Kentucky, 173; 

Louisiana, 173; Maine, 173; Maryland, 173–174; 

Massachusetts, 174–175; Michigan, 175; Minnesota, 

176; Mississippi, 176; Missouri, 176; Montana, 176; 

Nebraska, 177; Nevada, 177; New Hampshire, 177; 

New Jersey, 177; New Mexico, 177; New York, 

177–179; North Carolina, 179; Ohio, 179–180; 

Oklahoma, 180; Oregon, 180; Pennsylvania, 180–181; 

Rhode Island, 181; South Carolina, 181; South Dakota, 

181; Tennessee, 181–182; Texas, 182; Utah, 183; 

Vermont, 183; Virginia, 183; Washington, 183–184; 

West Virginia, 184; Wisconsin, 184; Wyoming, 184; 

Puerto Rico, 184

G

Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Other 

Cardiovascular Conditions (GenTAC): National Registry, 

102, 105

Genomic Research in AAT-Deficiency and Sarcoidosis Study 

(GRADS), 54, 83, 91
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NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Index

Getting From Genes to Function in Lung Disease, 54

Global Health Centers of Excellence, 102, 105

H

HALF-PINT: Heart and Lung Failure–Pediatric Insulin 

Titration Trial, 83, 91, 115, 116

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network, 53, 83, 87, 120, 122, 

126, 140

Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS), 102, 105–106, 

137, 151, 195

I

Important events in NHLBI history, 19–31

Improving Diet and Physical Activity Assessment, 56

Individual National Research Service Awards (NRSA), 

157–160, 192–193

Innovators in Hemoglobinopathies Care Career Development 

Award, 77, 155, 161, 162, 191

Institute Public Advisory Committees, 59–64

Institutional National Research Service Awards (NRSA), 

157–160, 193

Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support 

(INTERMACS), 102, 106

ISCHEMIA Trial (International Study of Comparative Health 

Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approach), 83, 87, 

113, 116

J

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), 3, 102, 106, 137, 195

L

Life After Linkage: The Future of Family Studies, 56

Longitudinal Studies of HIV-Associated Lung Infections and 

Complications, 144

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT), 119, 122, 

130–131, 150, 195

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes, 83, 87, 120, 122, 

126, 146

Lung Repair and Regeneration Consortium, 54, 83, 91-92

Lung Tissue Research Consortium, 102, 108

M

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository, 102, 

108–109

Management of HIV-Related Lung Disease and Cardiovascular 

Comorbidity, 55, 152

Maximizing the Scientific Value of the NHLBI Biologic 

Specimen Repository: Scientific Opportunities, 55

Methods and Approaches for Detection of Gene–Environment 

Interactions in Human Disease, 56

Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract in HIV-Infected 

Individuals and HIV-Uninfected Controls, 83, 92, 152

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research, 56, 

77, 161, 162, 191

Molecular Imaging of the Lung—Phase 1, 54

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 102, 106-107, 

137, 196

N

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine, 56

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council, 59; 

membership, 60

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigations in 

Cardiovascular Medicine, 83, 87, 120, 122, 126–127

Next Generation Genetic Association Studies, 83, 88, 137–138

NHLBI Cardiac Development Consortium, 83, 88

NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program (GTRP), 102, 107

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Resource-Related Research 

Projects, 55, 192

NHLBI Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium, 83, 88

NHLBI Pediatric Translational Consortium Administrative 

Coordinating Center, 83, 88

NHLBI Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium Research Hub, 83, 

88–89

NHLBI–CDC Registry and Surveillance System in 

Hemoglobinopathies (RuSH), 102, 109, 155, 196

NHLBI Translational Research Implementation Program 

(TRIP)—Limited Competition, 55–56, 96, 98

Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II, 54, 83, 92, 121, 

122, 131

Nutrition and Diet in the Causation, Prevention, and 

Management of Heart Failure, 56

O

Obesity Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT) 83, 

89, 142, 196

Obligations by funding mechanism, FY 2012, 65–66
200

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Index

Obligations trends, FY 2002–2012,

budget category:

constant 2002 dollars, 69–70

current dollars, 69–70

budget history, 67–68

funding mechanism, 71, 73–75

Institute-initiated awards and investigator-initiated awards,

72–73

Obligations, extramural, by state and institution, FY 2012 

(See Funding of grants, contracts, and training)

Office of Research Training and Minority Health, 2, 136

P

PDE5 Inhibition With Tadalafil Changes Outcome in Heart 

Failure (PITCH-HF), 83, 89, 113, 116

Pediatric Heart Network, 83, 90, 120, 122, 127

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS)—Data and 

Operations Center, 120, 122, 127

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG), 

31, 119, 122, 132, 154, 195

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 83, 92

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, 83, 89–90

Pilot Studies To Develop and Test Novel, Low-Cost Methods 

for the Conduct of Clinical Trials, 54, 

Predictive Multiscale Models for Biomedical, Biological, 

Behavioral, Environmental, and Clinical Research, 57

Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (PROP), 84, 

92

Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An Understudied 

Population at Great Risk, 84, 93

Production Assistance for Cellular Therapies (PACT), 102, 109

Program Advisory and Review Committees, 59–64

Program Overview, 9–18

Proteomics Initiative, 102, 107

Pulmonary Vascular-Right Ventricular Axis Research Program, 

54

Pumps for Kids, Infants, and Neonates (PumpKIN), 102, 107, 

118, 122, 127

R

Randomized Evaluation VAD InterVEntion before Inotropic 

Therapy (REVIVE-IT), 118, 122, 128

Randomized Trial of Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids (ALPS), 

84, 93, 114, 116

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation To 

Prevent Childhood Asthma, 84, 93, 114, 116

Ranolazine in Implantable Defibrillators (RAID) Trial, 83, 90

Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-III 

(REDS-III), 102, 109–110

Reducing Health Disparities Among Minority and Underserved 

Children, 56, 138

Reducing the Impact of Hypertension in Low and Middle 

Income Countries, 56, 83, 90, 140–141

Research Activity, types of, 189–192

Research and development contracts (See also individual programs and studies), 65, 66, 72, 101–110, 192

by program, FY 2012, 66

Research Career Programs, 65–66, 71–75, 77–78, 80, 157, 161, 

162, 190–191

awards, FY 2002–2012, 161

minority biomedical research, FY 2002–2012, 163

obligation trends, FY 2002–2012, 162

Research Dissemination and Implementation Grants, 55

Research grants,

by category, FY 2012, 78

by funding mechanism, 77

clinical trials, 111–117

investigator-initiated and Institute-initiated, FY 2002–2012, 

72, 73

obligation trends, FY 2002–2012, 74

Research project grants

amount funded, FY 2002–2012, 78, 81

applications reviewed and awarded, FY 2002–2012, 79

average costs, FY 2002–2012, 82

by funding mechanism, 77

by program, 66

facility and administrative costs, 81

Research Training and Career Development (See also Research 

Career Programs),

full-time training positions, FY 2002–2012, 157–158, 160

history of training obligations, FY 2002–2012, 159

minority biomedical obligations, 163

research career programs: awards and obligations, 

FY 2002–2012, 161–162

supplements program: awards and obligations, 

FY 2002–2012, 164–165

Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC), 83, 84, 90, 120, 

122, 128

Rule Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computed Assisted 

Tomography (ROMICAT II), 83, 90, 113, 116
201

NHLBI FY 2012 Fact Book

Index

S

Science Moving TowArds Research Translation and Therapy 

Program (SMARTT), 102, 107–108

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With Acute 

Respiratory Failure, 84, 93, 114, 117

Severe Asthma Research Program, 84, 94, 147

Short-Term Institutional Training Grant for Clinician Scientists 

in Pediatric Respiratory, Sleep, and Hematology/Transfusion 

Medicine, 56

Sickle Cell Disease: Inflammation, Thrombosis, and Vascular 

Dysfunction, 55

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research (SCCOR)

in

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 97

Pulmonary Vascular Disease, 97

Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling, 97

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN), 84, 94, 114, 117, 

196

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma (SOYA), 84, 94, 114, 117, 

196

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD 

Study (SPIROMICS), 102, 108

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), 118, 122, 

128, 140, 196

T

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest 

(THAPCA) Trials, 83, 90–91, 113, 116

Toward an Improved Understanding of HDL Function, 54

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network, 

84, 95, 121, 122, 132–133

Transfusion-Associated Brain Improvement (TABI) Trial, 84, 

95

Translational Research Centers in Thrombotic and Hemostatic 

Disorders, 55, 77, 99

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy in Adults With 

Preserved Ejection Fraction Congestive Heart Failure 

(TOPCAT), 118, 122, 129, 196

Trial of Late Surfactant To Prevent Bronchopulmonary 

Dysplasia (TOLSURF), 84, 94–95, 114, 117

Types of Research Activities, 189–192

U

Understanding Mechanisms of Terminal Erythroid Maturation, 

55

V

Virtual Reality Technologies for Research and Education in 

Obesity and Diabetes, 57

W

Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), 9, 10, 13, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 

118, 122, 129, 196

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public laws enacted by 

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in the United States shall, on 

the grounds of race, color, 

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