USAFA Discovery #98-03 (Jul-Sep 98)

Department News
Department Of Astronautics

Hybrid Rocket Research

The focus of this research is to investigate and develop
the necessary hybrid rocket technologies to produce a
repeatable rocket design, build, test, and fly academic
program. The goals are to understand, simulate, design,
build, and test hybrid motors, and possibly use a cadet
designed/built motor on a small satellite project. Part of
this included flying off-the-shelf hybrids (Aerotech) in some
cadet built rockets. During spring '98, a department built
hybrid was flown at Ft Carson (one of the first hydrogen
peroxide/polyethylene hybrids flown). Next academic
year's efforts will focus on flying similar motors in
Engineering 433 in the fall, in which cadets will take this
motor and customize it for their launches.

With this research we are able to involve cadets in hands-
on design, manufacture, testing, and flying of exciting
rocket hardware. More than just equations in a book, this
project allows faculty and cadets to apply what they've
learned. Also, "real-world" problems always arise which
must be solved, again providing a great learning
experience. Long term, this research will allow
development of a space hybrid engine to be used with the
USAFA Small Satellite Program.

34" Education Group

As the Academy moves into its summer routine, many of
the 34th Education Group faculty are stepping up their
research efforts. With INSS funding, Charles Krupnick is
continuing his work on the problems associated with
Russian nuclear waste and international cooperation; Capt
Stephen P. Lambert is investigating the issues associated
with NATO enlargement; and James M. Smith is
continuing his investigation of service cultures and
identities, adding the additional issue of service academy
development. With INSS and DF funding, Major Boyd
Brown is examining the Japanese business intelligence-
gathering system and its impact on the US defense
technology base. in a collaborative effort with Capt. A.
Timothy Chamillard of the Computer Science Department,
Dolores M. Karolick is collecting and analyzing data to
establish the relationship between student learning styles
and student performance. Results could lead to proposals
for change in instructional strategies and student project
design.

Work on dissertations and publications is continuing as
well, with Lt Col Eric A. Ash completing inputs to his book
Sir Frederick Sykes and the Air Revolution and Major Kurt
M. Schake preparing to defend and publish his research
on the origins of US Air Force Strategic Air Command
basing arrangements in Europe entitled, “Strategic
Frontier: American Bomber Bases Overseas, 1950-1960.”
Closer to home, Capt William A. Ward is progressing on
his dissertation on the policies and programs for long-term
health care of the elderly and infirm.

Publications and Presentations

Department of English

Publications: MITCHELL, ‘V.D.

MEREDITH, J.H. War, Literature, & the Arts
Spring/Summer 1997. (Guest Editor)

Presentations:

ANDERSON, D.C. ‘Teaching the Vietnam

Atrican-American War Northeast Modem Language Association,

BLAKE, D.H. “11 Games for the End of the 20"
Century.” Fiction International Summer 1998.

BLAKE, D.H. “Richard Wilbur and World War
ll." The Richard Wilbur Society Newsletter
Summer 1998.

DOOLEY, P.K. Newsletter of the Society for
the Advancement of American Philosophy
January 1998. (Editor)

MEREDITH, J.H. Review of “Hemingway: The
Postwar Years and the Posthumous Novels by
Rose Marie Burwell.” Modern Fiction Studies
43.2.

MEREDITH, J.H. “Calculating the Complexity in
Ernest Hemingway's Across the River and into
the Trees.” North Dakota Quarterly 64.3.

Perspectives and Philosophical Traditions.”
Society for the Advancement of American
Philosophy Newsletter October 1997.

NOE, M.D. “Crossing the Line in ‘A Cross Lint
The Frontier in George Egerton’s Short Fiction.’
Selected Papers—1997 Conference of the
Society for the interdisciplinary Study of Social
Imagery.

NOVAK, K.P. "Antiques." roofbeam magazine
Spring 1998. (Fiction)

RICE, R.P. “Four Years with General Lee.”
War, Literature, and the Arts Spring/Summer
1997.

Baltimore MD, April 1998. (Invited Speaker)

BERTINI, J. "Returning the Stare." Society for
the Interdisciplinary Study of Social Imagery
Conference, Colorado Springs CO, 12-14
March 1998.

BOWIE, T.G., Jr. “Every Day I'm Always on
Patrol: Bill Ehrhart's Journey Home.” Popular
and American Culture Association Conference,
Orlando FL, 10 April 1998.

BRALEY, M. ‘The Gulf in Gulf War Fiction.”
Popular Culture Association and American
Culture Association Annual Conference,Orlando
FL, 11 April 1998.

DOOLEY, P.K. “Creating Community: Josiah
Royce and John Steinbeck." Annual Meeting of
the Society for the Advancement of American


USAFA Research POCs

To lear more about research at the United States Air Force Academy, we encourage you to visit our Web site at: www.usafa.af.mil/dfe. If you want to focus on a

Particular department or effort you might want to contact the associated research director. Each phone extension is preceded by (719)-333 commercial or 333 DSN. Each
€-mail is followed by @usafa.af.mil

Phone Phone
ent POC suffix E-mail prefix Office/Department POC suffix E-mail prefix

Director of Faculty Lt Col Larry Strawser 4195 | StrawserLD Foreign Language Lt Cal Rich 3201 | SurtherlandRL.dff
Research Sutherland
Editor, USAFA Maj Will Harris 4339 | HarrisWJ.dfeng History Capt Bill Kautt 3257 | KauttWH.dfh
Discovery (English)
Editor, USAFA Maj Brian Hanley 3930 | HanleyBJ.dfeng Law Maj Dave DiCenso 3680 | DiCensoDJ.dfl
Discovery (English)
Cadet Summer Rsch__| Capt Ken Hart 3080_| HartKA.dfeg Management Dr. James Barker 2315 | BarkerJR.dfm
34% Education Group _| Dr. Charles Krupnick 3699_| KrupnickCA.34EDG | Mathematical Sciences Dr. Brad Warner 2981 | WarnerBA.dfms
Aeronautics Or. Tom Yechout 3436__| YechoutTR.dfan Philosophy and Fine Arts__| Lt Col John Becker 4070_| BeckerJD.dipfa

| Astronautics Capt Lyneanne George | 4204 | GeorgeL.dfas Physics Lt Col Roc White 2091 | WhiteWR.dfp

] Behavioral Sciences Dr. Steve Jones 2930 | JonesSK.dfol Political Science Dr. Steve Knott 2219 | KnottSF.dfps

| and Leadership

| Biology LtCol Craig Seabaugh | 6034 | SeabaughRC.dfb

| Chemistry Dr. John Wilkes 6005 _| WilkesJS.dfc USAFA Research Centers

] Civil Engineering Lt Col Jim Pocock 4217_| PocockJB.dfce Aeronautics Dr. Tom Yechout 3436_| YechoutTR.dfan

Computer Science Lt Col Ricky Sward 4112_| SwardRE.dics Aircraft Life Extension Maj Jim Greer 3618 | GreerJM.dfem
Economics and Lt Col Phil Prosseda 2352 | ProssedaPD.dfeg Human-Environmental Or. Jay Niller : 3860 | MillerJC.dfol

Geography Systems a ~ Tt ii

| Electrical Engineering_| Capt Michael Walker 4213_| WalkerMJ.dfee Chemistry Dr. John Wilkes 6005 _| WilkesJS.dfc
Engineering Dr. Robin Redfield 4396 | RedfieldRC.dfem Laser and Optics fr. Randy, Kr 2483 | KnizeRJ.dip «<=;
Mechanics >t
English Lt Col Vern Mitchell 2665_| MitchellVD.dfeng Small Satellite Maj Mike Caylor.= 3315 | CaylorM.dfas
Institute for National Security Studies | Dr. James M. Smith 2717 SmithJM.dfe www.usafa.af.milinss ~
Institute for Information Technology | Lt Col Brian Cullis 3976 CullisBU.dfe
Applications Lt Col Earl McKinney 3976 McKinneyE.dfe ‘www.usafa.af.miliita
HQ USAFA/DFER

2354 FAIRCHILD DR., STE. 4K25
USAF ACADEMY CO 80840-6200 i

OFFICIAL BUSINESS ONLY

Srrrrrrrrcers

ATTN: DTIC-OMI
8725 JOHN J KINGMAN RD STE 0944 ba el
FT BELVOUR VA 22060-6218



USAFA Discovery #98-03 (Jul-Sep 98)

and has since had over 9,000 visits. Our website is a
powerful communication tool that allows us to publicize
INSS research abstracts to potential researchers more
effectively than ever. The INSS website also allows us to
serve our sponsors and other users better by making all of
our Occasional Papers and many research reports
immediately available via the Internet. INSS was honored to
have Major General Thomas Neary and Mrs. Joanne Linhard
present the first annual Linhard Award for outstanding
research to Captains Stephen Lambert and David Miller of
USAFA’s Military Art and Science faculty at the banquet
for the November 1997 Research Results Conference.
Finally, during the last year INSS released Occasional
Papers numbers 12 through 19 and laid the foundation for
the 29-30 July 1998 topical conference and the next INSS
edited book, Spacepower for a New Millennium: Space and
U.S. National Security (edited by Pete Hays, Jim Smith,
Alan Van Tassel, and Guy Walsh).

Of course, many organizations and individuals deserve
credit for the success of INSS thus far, including the
outgoing Dean, Brigadier General Ruben Cubero, the
Director of Education, Colonel Randy Stiles, and the
logistical, administrative, and especially research support
from all of the USAFA faculty. We also have benefited
from the expertise of the Graphic Arts Division of the 10”
Communications Squadron; the DF and Academy finance
offices; the Defense Printing Plants in Fairchild and Harmon

4

Halls; the Government Printing Office plant in Pueblo; the
Academy Public Affairs and Protocol offices; and the
Fairchild Hall building manager and associated service
agencies. The Directorate of Education gives INSS an
organizational home and outstanding administrative support.

If you are interested in INSS’ research products or in
submitting a research proposal to us, please see any staff
member in Fairchild Hall, room 5L27, call us at (719) 333-
2717, or visit our website (http://www.usafa.af.mil/inss).
The current staff includes outgoing director Lt Col Pete
Hays, incoming director Dr. Jim Smith, National Defense
Fellow, Lt Col Guy Walsh; deputy director, Maj Vince
Jodoin; and our Budget Assistant who holds everything
together, Ms. Diana Heerdt.

Submitting a Research Proposal to INSS
If you are interested in performing research for INSS, please
consult the research abstracts we have developed and submit
proposals using the memorandum format listed in the INSS
FY99 Research Program Guide and on our website. INSS
also welcomes proposals on topics not listed as abstracts but
that may be of interest to our sponsors. The deadline for
first round submissions is 9 October 1998.

Vision
To be the Air Force institute of choice for promoting, coordinating, and disseminating
vital national security research that influences DoD policy development.

The Institute for Information Technology Applications

The institute seeks to enhance research and dialogue in
information technology (IT) applications at USAFA and
within DoD. For external projects, IITA intends to leverage
USAFA's multi-domain experience and common scientific
framework to address IT needs identified by external clients.
In addition to research, IITA will play a coordinating role by
conducting conferences on technology issues. Internal to
USAFA, IITA seeks to support educational intormation
technology work of common interest to a number of
Academy departments and agencies. In both roles, the
institute aims to become a virtual clearinghouse of IT
expertise providing financial, technical, conceptual, and
other services to bring researchers and needs together.

To learn more about the IITA, contact one of the Deputy
Directors, Lt Col Brian Cullis (CullisBJ.dfe@usafa.af.mil) or
Lt Col Earl McKinney (McKinneyE.dfe @usafa.af.mil).

Upcoming Events and Announcements:

The Electronic Enterprise Endeavor. A conference to be held
this September at USAFA. This meeting will address the
Defense Reform Initiative to move Air Force toward a
paperless enterprise. Anticipated speakers include the
Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Air Force ClO, and the
Director of AFCA.

IITA Research Grants: The IITA will be soliciting projects for
funding later this summer. Look for announcements
regarding topics and proposal formats.

New Information Technology Laboratory: A new facility is
under construction in Fairchild Hall at USAFA. It will be
located next to the existing Network Classroom.



USAFA Discovery #98-02 (Apr-Jun 98)

Philosophy, Marquette University, Milwaukee
WI, 6 March 1998.

HARRIS, W.J. “Phillis Wheatley and the
Creation of an African Colonial Literary
Persona.” College Language Association
Convention, Tallahassee FL, 16 April 1998.

KRISE, T.W. “Pure Empire: Justifying Slavery
and Genocide in the West Indies.” American
Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies, Notre
Dame IN, 1 April 1998.

LUKER, G.M. “Proud to Serve: Redefining the
Role of Service in Composition Studies.”
Conference on College Composition and
Communication, Chicago IL, 1-4 April 1998.

MEREDITH, J.H. “Teaching the Literature of
the Vietnam War.” The Northeastern Modern
Language Association, Baltimore MD, 17 April
1998. (Panel Chair)

MEREDITH, J.H. “The Night Before
Chancellorsville,' Fitzgerald, and Historical
Fiction.” Northeastern Modem Language
Association, Baltimore MD, 18 April 1998.

MEREDITH, J.H. ‘The European Theater of
Operations and Hemingway's Intimation of a
New Aesthetic.” 8" International Hemingway
Conference, Les — Sainte-Marie-de-la-Mer,
France, 25-31 May 1998.

MITCHELL, V.D. “Helene Johnson: The Early
Years.” College Language Association
Convention, Tallahassee FL, 17 April 1998.

NOE, M.D. “George Egerton’s ‘An Empty
Frame’ and New Woman Compromise.” Fourth
Annual Marquette University Women’s Studies
Conference, Marquette University, Milwaukee
WI, March 1998.

NOE, M.D.and David E. Fitzkee. “The ignored
Relation: Black-Eyed Susan as a Source for
Billy Budd.” Creighton Conference on
Language and Literature, Omaha NE, March
1998.

SHUTTLEWORTH, J.M. “Prolegomena to the
Oxfordian Shakespeare.” DeVere Studies
Conference, Concordia Unvesity, Portland OR,
2-5 April 1998.

SWARTZ, H.M. “Reconciliation in
Shakespeare's Comedies." Fourth Annual
Conference of the Association for Core Texts
and Courses, Asheville NC, 20 April 1998.

Department of Management
Publications:

BAKER, S.F., and 9 others colleagues.
“Application and Extension of the Throughput II
Optimization Model for Airlift Mobility." Journal
of Military Operations Research 3.2 : 55-74.

CAMPBELL, R.A. M. Fekula, and M.R.
Weeks. “Classical-Jazz-Rock & Roll: Variation
on Organizational Style.” Proceedings of the
American Society of Business and Behavioral
Sciences Vol. 7 (February 1998): 164-167.

FEKULA, M., . Campbell, and MJ.
Hornyak. “Organizational Overhead: The
Increasing Effort Toward Mission Neglect.”
Proceedings of the American Society of
Business and Behavioral Sciences Vol. 2
(February 1998): 162-165.

GAINES, D.A, S. Green, and K.A. Heppard.
“MILSTAR Program Change: Decision-Making
in Cyber-Space.” Proceedings of the Westen
Casewriters Association (March 1998).

HORNYAK, MJ. and M.J. Fekula. "Atoning for
Past Sins: A Contingency Perspective for Total
Quality Management (TQM). Joumal of
Business and Behavioral Science 3.2: 1-9.

HORNYAK, MJ., Ku. Davis, and D.A. Gaines.
“The Retrenchment Process: A View from Three
Strategic Orientations.” Proceedings of the
American Society of Business and Behavioral
Sciences (February 1998): 70-81.

LOWE, J.K. and M. R. Weeks. “Quick
Response Simulation: Laughlin AFB Capacity
Analysis.” Phalanx 31.1: 10-31.

THORNTON, J.M. and Dr. B.K. Peterson,
(Montana State University). "Application of the
‘Fraud Triangle’ to Students’ Classroom Ethics."
Accounting Perspectives Fall 1997.

WEEKS, M.R. and KJ. Davis. “Controlling the
Future: Transacting in Cyberspace.”
Proceedings of the American Society of
Business and Behavioral Sciences (February
1998): 196-204.

WEEKS, M.R. “Rush Hour at 10,000: USAF
Capacity Analysis.” Proceeding of the Western
Decision Sciences Institute April 1998.

Presentations:

BARKER, J.R. ‘Writing from the Non-
Participant Observer Point of View." Western
States Communication Convention, Denver,
February 1998.

6

CAMPBELL, R.A. M. Fekula, and MR.
Weeks. “Classical-Jazz-Rock & Roll: Variation
on Organizational Style.” American Society of
Business and Behavioral Sciences, Las Vegas
NV, February 1998.

GAINES, D.A., M.J. Hornyak, and KJ. Davis.
“The Retrenchment Process: A View from Three
Strategic Orientations.” American Society of
Business and Behavioral Sciences, Las Vegas
NV, February 1998.

GAINES, D.A., S.G. Green, and K.A. Heppard.
“MILSTAR Program Change: Decision-Making
in Cyber-Space.” Western Casewriters
Association, Portland OR, March 1998.

FEKULA, MJ., R.A. Campbell, and MJ.
Hornyak. “Organizational Overhead: The
Increasing Effort Toward Mission Neglect.”
American Society of Business and Behavioral
Sciences, Las Vegas NV, February 1998.

LEE, D. “Republic of Korea Tanker Study,”
DFM AY97/98 Research Review, USAF
Academy, April 1998.

STRBIAK, C.A. and R. Blass. ‘Cognitive
Structures.” DFM AY97/98 Research Review,
USAF Academy, Apri! 1998.

THORNTON, J.M. and Dr. B.K. Peterson
(Montana State University). "Ethics in
Ambiguous Academic Situations: An Exploration
of the Effect of Integrated Ethics Education on
Student Perceptions & Rationalizations." KPMG
Peat Marwick Research on Accounting Ethics
Symposium, Bryant College RI. June 1997.

THORNTON, J.M. “God Scores a ‘4’ on the DIT:
Arguments for Lower Stages of Ethical
Development as Optimal for the Public
Accounting Profession.” 1998 Western Region
American Accounting Association Meeting,
Seattle WA, April 1998.

THORNTON, J.M. and Dr. B. K. Peterson,
(Montana State University). “Application of the
‘Fraud Triangle’ to Students’ Classroom Ethics.”
1998 Western Region American Accounting
Association Meeting, Seattle WA, April 1998.

THORNTON, J.M. and Dr. B.K. Peterson,
(Montana State University). “Teaching a
Professional Code of Conduct at the Collegiate
Level.” The Northwest Accounting Research
Group, Post Falls 1D, April 1998,

THORNTON, J.M. and Dr. B.K. Peterson,
(Montana State University). “Application of the
‘Fraud Triangle’ to Students’ Classroom Ethics.”
The Northwest Accounting Research Group.
Post Falls ID, April 1998.


Distribution Unlimited

#98-03 (Jul-Sep 98)

USAFA Discovery is published quarterly by the faculty of the US Air Force Academy (USAFA). It contains reports on USAFA
cadet and faculty research, a complete list of current USAFA research points of contact, and a summary of recent awards and
publications. All written material contained within reflects the opinions of the authors and editors and does not necessarily
teflect current US Air Force or USAFA policy.

A Bird Avoidance Model for the US Air Force

Pies: =

The result of a collision between a turkey
vulture and the leading edge of a C-130 wing.

The United States Air Force reports
approximately 3,000 bird strikes to its
aircraft each year. These incidents
have resulted in more than 20 lost
aircraft, 33 fatalities, and over $500
million in damages in the last decade.
The USAF Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard
(BASH) program specifically addresses
techniques and technologies to reduce
or eliminate these bird strikes through a
wide variety of means. Manufacturers
design and test aircraft components to
withstand impacts better on modem
mission profiles. Control of birds
around airfields involves _ habitat
management, active harassment
programs, and population control
measures. Improved mission profiles
avoid hazardous concentrations of
birds during low level and range
operations. Although bird strikes can
occur during any phase of flight, the
majority of damages and catastrophic
incidents occur on low level and range
missions. In these environments bird
avoidance is the only option to reduce
the hazards.

In the mid 1980s, the USAF BASH
Team developed a Bird Avoidance
Model (BAM) to enable route
designers, flight planners, schedulers,
and aircrews to choose the safest
areas and flight schedules to reduce
bird strikes. That early model included
a few of the most hazardous species of

birds and was relatively coarse in its
geographic resolution. While the old
model allowed planners to make
decisions on a broad scale, it only
allowed limited Jocal flight planning
decisions.

Following the crash of an AWACS
aircraft at Elmendorf AFB in September
of 1995, the Air Force Chief of Staff
asked for new measures to be taken to
reduce the often-severe bird strike
hazard to various AF operations. He
dedicated funding through the Air Force
Safety Center and the BASH Team to
develop an improved Bird Avoidance
Model for the continental U.S. That
funding, along with contributions from
several other agencies and major
commands, was granted to the USAF
Academy in a collaborative effort to
research and develop a new BAM. The
Departments of Biology (DFB) and
Economics and Geography (DFEG)
worked together to develop this model.
The latest version of the BAM is now
complete and was delivered in May
1998 to the USAF Safety Center's Bird
Aircraft Strike Hazard Team. The new
BAM is a Geographic Information
System (GIS) based program that will
be available in a Personal Computer
format for use by any safety,
operations, and engineering function
with flight planning or scheduling
responsibilities. It will also be available
on-line through the Safety Center's
Web site. The new BAM incorporates
all U.S. bird species considered
hazardous to safe flight.

The research protocol generally follows
procedures developed as part of an
AF-sponsored Ph.D. program by Lt Col
Russell DeFusco (DFB) in an earlier
study to determine the feasibility of
such a large-scale effort. That study
demonstrated a successful model of
bird distribution and abundance over a
continental scale and provided
predictive risk surfaces for flight
planning efforts. Available historical
data on * eding, wintering, and

199% 0721 O8F

migrating bird distributions and
abundance patterns are overlaid on a
wide variety of environmental factors to
predict the overall risk of encountering
hazardous birds for each square
kilometer of the U.S., for each two
week period of the year, and for four
different periods of the day. Combined
with detailed geographic data such as
jurisdictional boundaries, aeronautical
charts, infrastructure, and land use
patterns, the user can select multiple
themes to display for planning
purposes.

Detailed information allows localized
flight planning decisions to minimize the
tisk to flight safety. While the overall
research effort was enormous due to
the vast area of coverage and the huge
data sets involved, the end product is a
simple menu-driven program that
graphically depicts a color-coded,
relative risk surface of bird densities
and potential for strikes for any chosen
location. These can be compared to

In this issue:

¢ — Lead articles: Bird Avoidance Model,
AC-130 Gunship Drag Reduction,
Institute for National Security Studies,
Institute for Information Technology
Applications (pgs 1-4) .

e Department Research news (pg 5)

e _ Publications and Presentations (pgs 5-7)

This issue marks the departure of
two of the editors, Capt Jessica A.
Bertini and Lt Col Donald R.
Erbschloe. Capt Bertini will
become the Chief of Services, Air
National Guard at Andrews Air
Force Base. Lt Col Erbschloe is
tagged to be the Military Assistant
to the Chief Scientist of the Air
Force. His replacement, Lt Col
Larry D. Strawser, will take over as
the Academy’s Director of Faculty
Research.

UILG QUAY INSPECTED &



USAFA Discovery #98-03 (Jul-Sep 98)

WEEKS, M.R. and KJ. Davis. “Controlling the
Future: Transacting in Cyberspace.” American
Society of Business and Behavioral Sciences,
Las Vegas NV, February 1998.

WEEKS, M.R. “Rush Hour at 10,000: USAF
Capacity Analysis.” Western Decision Sciences
Institute, Reno NV, April 1998.

Consultations:

ARTEAGA, K.R. and D. Stewart. Personal
Estate Planning briefings to the general military
populations at Hurlburt AFB FL, Eglin AFB FL,
November 1997 and Langley AFB VA, April
1998.

ARTEAGA, K.R. “Financial Responsibility."
College of Enlisted PME, Maxwell AFB AL,
November 1997.

BARKER, J.R. and K.D. Davis. “Organizational
Change Assessment.” Los Alamos National
Laboratory. (Ongoing)

DAVIS, KJ. and S.G. Green. “Outsourcing
Alternatives for Future Air Force Accounting
Information Systems.” Defense Finance and
Accounting Service, Denver CO. (Ongoing)

GREEN, S.G., K.J. Davis, K.A. Heppard, and
J.E. Parco. “Extreme Competitive Advantage
Through Technology Innovation.” Consultation
with Lockheed-Martin Advanced Aircraft
Division. (Ongoing)

GREEN, S.G., KJ. Davis, and D.R. King.
“Depot Outsourcing Cost Analysis." SAF/FM.
(Ongoing)

LOWE, J.K., M.R. Weeks, and C1C B, Rizzoli.
“Laughlin Sortie Generation Consultation."
Laughlin AFB TX. (Ongoing)

LOWE, J.K. “Airport Customer Service
Analysis.” Airport Manager and City of Colorado
Springs. (Ongoing)

Department of Mathematical Sciences
Publications:

BODENSCHATZ, C. D. and J. R. Simpson.
“Analytical and Statistical Consulting for the
Armament Directorate.” Mathematica Militaris
8.1.

CROCKETT, C. E. "Why Use Radians in
Calculus?" The AMATYC Review 19.2.

EMSLIE, P. D. and J. D. Hetzer (Cadets First
Class). “Modeling the Distribution of Chaotic
Orbits.” Mathematica Militaris 8.1.

HADFIELD, S. M.  ‘Testbank 3.1 User's
Manual.” USAFA TR-97-9. (Technical Report)

KLINE, B. “Fishing for Connections: Integration
by Parts." Colorado Mathematics Teacher
January 1998.

PARKER, M. R. and J. K. Lowe. “Cadets as
Consultants--Operations Research at USAFA.”
Mathematica Militaris 8.1.

REVAK, M. A., S. M. Hadfield, and R. A. Yelle.
“Academic Testing Meets Operational
Readiness.” Mathematica Militaris 8.1.

WARNER, B. A., D. Pendergraft, and T.
Webb. ‘That was Venn, This is Now.” Journal
of Statistics Education 6.1.

WARNER, B. A. and J. Rutledge. “A
Comparison of Intervals.” USAFA TR-98-1.
(Technical Report)

Presentations:

PARKER, M. ‘The Professor at Stage Left:
Becoming a Facilitator in the Classroom.” CU-
Denver Mathematics Teaching Colloquium, 2
February 1998.

REVAK, M. A., and B. Kline. “A Calculus
Variety Pack.” National Council of Teachers of
Mathematics Annual Meeting, Washington DC,
April 1998.

SJODEN, G. “3D Shielding Benchmarks.”
Commisariat a’L’E’nergie Atomique Conference
on Parallel Transport, Paris, March 1998.

SJODEN, G. “MPI on IBM SP2.” Commisariat
all’E’nergie Atomique Conference on Parallel
Transport, Paris, March 1998.

SJODEN, G. “Parallel Sn Code Architecture.”
Commisariat a’L’E’nergie Atomique Conference
on Parallel Transport, Paris, March 1998.

SJODEN, G. “Presentation of PENTRAN
Code.” Commisariat a’L’E’nergie Atomique
Conference on Parallel Transport, Paris, March
1998.

Department of Physics

Publications:

ANDERSEN, G. and Rw.  Knize.
“Holographically corrected microscope with a
large working distance.” Applied Optics 37.

BLOOMER, R., C Wetterer, A. Mumpower, D.
Caton, and C. Lloyd. “CCD Photometry of
1147 Cyg."_ Information Bulletin on Variable
Stars No. 4568.

7

MURPHY, K.L. and E.T. Patterson. “Mars
Global Surveyor Aerobraking in the Physics
Classroom: A Collaborative Team Approach.”
The Physics Teacher March 1998.

PATTERSON, B. M., W. R.White, T. A.
Robbins, and R. J. Knize. “Linear optical
effects in Z-scan measurements of thin films.”
Applied Optics April 1998,

WETTERER, C.J., M.S. Burns, and KL.
Murphy. "CCD Photometry of Asteroids at the
US Air Force Academy Observatory during
1997." Minor Planet Bulletin 25.2.

Presentations:

ANDERSEN, G. and Rw. Knize.
“Holographically corrected space telescopes.”
Intemational Society for Optical Engineering
Conference on Astronomical Optics, Hawaii,
April 1998,

BROOME, K. “Advanced Anti-Radiation Missile
Concept Study (Headhunter).” Infrared
Information Symposia Meeting on Active
Systems, Albuquerque NM, March 1998.

ENGER, R.C. and E.T. Patterson. “Just-in-
Time Teaching: Blending Active Learning
Pedagogy with Today's Technology.” NTPN's A
Window to the World: Technology to Improve
Teaching and Learning Conference, Waco TX,
May 1998.

ENGER, R.C., E.T. Patterson, and G. Novak.
“Using Technology to Enhance Classroom
Assessment.” 6% Annual Colorado Regional
Higher Education Conference, Golden CO, April
1998,

KNIPP, D.J., F.K. Chun and M.G. McHarg.
“The Polar Cap Index as a Proxy for lonospheric
Joule Heating.” TIMED-CEDAR Meeting, Elicott
City MD, March 1998.

NOVAK, G.M. and E.T. Patterson. “Just-in-
Time Teaching: Active Leamer Pedagogy with
WWW." International Conference on Computers
and Advanced Technology in Education,
Cancun, Mexico, May 1998. (Invited Speaker)

PATTERSON, B., R.Knize, and T.Takekoshi.
“Photoionization Cross-section of the 6Paz state
of Cesium.” Division of Atomic, Molecular and
Optical Physics meeting of the American
Physical Society, Santa Fe NM, May 1998.


USAFA Discovery #98-03 (Jul-Sep 98)

any other location and any other time
frame so that the safest locations and
times for completing a mission can be
easily selected. The output of the
current model has already been used
following two USAF aircraft accident
investigations to alter operations and
reduce potential future hazards.

The work done to date on this project
has been enormous. The Department
of Geography accomplishes most of its
work under contract in its Integrated
GIS Lab. A large number of federal,
state, and local agencies contributed
data sets to the effort. The work is still
in progress and maintenance and
updates to the model will continue in
the future. Additionally, the effort is
becoming international in scope. A
researcher from Tel Aviv University in
Israel spent four months at the USAFA
learning the modeling techniques. She
took the procedures home to develop a
compatible model for the Middle East
and European regions. Ultimately, the

globe where the Air Force conducts its

operations. Indeed, after seeing
preliminary versions of the BAM,
representatives from Alaska and

Europe have requested similar models
be developed for their theaters of
operations. Pending funding, we will
continue the efforts here at the USAFA
beginning next fall. With the new
continental U.S. BAM and future
models in place, we hope to make the
skies a little safer for those who share
them with the birds. The payoff in
saved resources and, more importantly,
aircrew lives is crucial to maintain our
fighting force.

For more information, contact the
principal investigator:

Lt Col Russell P. DeFusco

HQ USAFA/DFB

2355 Faculty Drive, Ste 2P505

USAFA CO 80840

DefuscoRP.DEB @usafa.af.mil

(719) 333-6030

BASH Team hopes to develop Bird
Avoidance Models for all areas of the

The BAM personal computer interface:
interactive menus and easy-to-read maps.

————eeeEEEEEEE——eeee———————————

AERONAUTICAL RESEARCH CENTER LEADING EFFORT TO
IMPROVE OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY OF AC-130U GUNSHIP

The Aeronautical Research Center has accomplished over
300 hours of wind tunnel testing during the past two years to
design and develop drag reduction modifications for the
newest gunship in Air Force Special Operations Command
(AFSOC)--the AC-130U. Currently, operational crews are
concerned about the additive drag resulting from external
modifications to the aircraft such as avionics/fire control
housings and weapon installations. This additive drag
reduces loiter time and increases IR signature due to the
higher thrust needed. The program began in the fall of 96
and has involved five separate phases of testing using the
Subsonic Wind Tunnel in the Aeronautics Laboratory. Seven
modifications have been designed and optimized which have
the potential to reduce the additive drag by over 50%. Fuel
savings have been projected at over $2 million for the life of

USAFA faculty and cadets use the model above to demonstrate reduced
drag on the AC-130U gunship.

the gunship fleet. In addition, the Department of Engineering
Mechanics has provided structural assistance for selected
modifications.

The overall effort was reviewed recently by the AFSOC
Commander, who praised the results. Flight testing of
USAFA-designed modifications on an AFSOC AC-130U is
the next step in allowing the modifications to be installed on
the AFSOC gunship fleet. Additionally, Warner Robbins Air
Logistics Center recently approved funding for the
Aeronautical Research Center to conduct a similar effort on
the AC-130H. Dr. Tom Yechout of the Department of
Aeronautics is the Principal Investigator and Mr. Ken
Ostasiewski is the wind tunnel technician. 19 cadets have
been involved in this program during the past two years.



USAFA Discovery #98-03 (Jul-Sep 98) 3

USAFA has several key research programs and resources. In the last issue we gave readers an overview of our research
centers. In this issue we introduce two important assets—our research-related institutes. We focus on the Institute for
National Security Studies (INSS). The mission of the INSS is “to promote national security research for the Department of
Defense within the military academic community and to support the Air Force national security education program.” We follow
with a short description of our second institute, the Institute for Information Technology Applications (IITA), as well as some
upcoming events, The IITA is brand-new and we will devote a longer article about it in a future issue of the USAFA Discovery.

The Institute for National Security Studies

The USAF Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) is
a “virtual” research center located at USAFA that manages
research projects on a wide range of defense policy issues.
It is a virtual research center because INSS projects are
accomplished by volunteer researchers from across the
military academic community rather than by an in-house
research staff. INSS is sponsored by Department of Defense
organizations that want research done on topics of current
interest and provide funding to support this research. INSS
works with its sponsors to develop research topics, select
volunteer researchers, manage the research projects, and
publish the best research products. INSS’ primary sponsors
are the Policy Division of the Nuclear and
Counterproliferation Directorate on the Air Staff (HQ
USAF/XONP) and the USAFA Dean of the Faculty. Other
sponsor organizations currently include: the Intelligence,
Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Directorate on the Air
Staff (HQ USAF/XOI); the Defense Special Weapons
Agency; the Army Environmental Policy Institute; the
Secretary of Defense’s Office of Net Assessment; the On-
Site Inspection Agency, and the Plans Directorate of United
States Space Command. In addition, the Air Staff’s Strategy
and Policy Division of the Strategic Planning Directorate
(HQ USAF/XPXS) has provided INSS with a National
Defense Fellow each year, and the International Research
and Exchanges Board (IREX) started a fellowship program
at INSS beginning in 1997.

From its inception in 1994, INSS has offered several
advantages to our sponsors: providing maximum return for
scarce research dollars; injecting fresh thinking into the
Washington planning process; tapping the skills and
knowledge within the military academic community;
creating a pool of topical and regional experts; providing a
means for educating the Air Force on these issues; and
acting as a networking locus to bring together people and
ideas. The benefits INSS brings to the research
organizations and individuals conducting our research are
equally important. INSS research grants enhance an
officer’s professional development, providing him or her
with direct access to real world issues of importance to the
Department of Defense. Moreover, it provides sorely
needed research funding to schools and institutes, gives the
individual researchers professional contacts, the potential

for publication, and the opportunity for short-term

temporary duty tours and follow-on assignments.

INSS Research Topics
¢ Arms control © Information Warfare
© Counterproliferation ¢ Environmental Security
© National Security

© USAF Policy

Space Policy
© Regional Studies

* Revolution in Military Affairs

During 1997-98 Academic Year, INSS continued to
strengthen its program in a number of areas. We worked
with a variety of new potential sponsor organizations in
order to diversify our sponsor base and to make a wider
range of topics available to our researchers. McGraw-Hili
recently published the third book edited by the INSS staff,
Countering the Proliferation and Use of Weapons of Mass
Destruction (edited by Pete Hays, Vince Jodoin, and Alan
Van Tassel). The book is based on the INSS topical
conference held at National Defense University in July 1997
and should be a significant contribution to the academic
literature that addresses America’s greatest security
challenge of the post-Cold War era. The INSS website
(http://www.usafa.af.mil/inss) was completed in late 1996

Some of the many INSS products