II 

Calendar No. 678 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 4062 

[Report No. 118–275] 

To establish a pilot program to assess the use of technology to speed up 

and enhance the cargo inspection process at land ports of entry along 

the border. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MARCH 22, 2024 

Mr. CORNYN (for himself and Ms. HASSAN) introduced the following bill; 

which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 

DECEMBER 9, 2024 

Reported by Mr. PETERS, with an amendment 

[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

A BILL 

To establish a pilot program to assess the use of technology 

to speed up and enhance the cargo inspection process 

at land ports of entry along the border. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
2 

•S 4062 RS

1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLES. 

2 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Contraband Awareness 

3 Technology Catches Harmful Fentanyl Act’’ or the 

4 ‘‘CATCH Fentanyl Act’’. 

5 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

6 In this Act: 

7 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT8 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com9 mittees’’ means— 

10 (A) the Committee on Homeland Security 

11 and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and 

12 (B) the Committee on Homeland Security 

13 of the House of Representatives. 

14 (2) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; AI.—The terms 

15 ‘‘artificial intelligence’’ and ‘‘AI’’ have the meaning 

16 given the term ‘‘artificial intelligence’’ in section 

17 238(g) of the John S. McCain National Defense Au18 thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 

19 115–232; 10 U.S.C. 4061 note). 

20 (3) CBP INNOVATION TEAM.—The term ‘‘CBP 

21 Innovation Team’’ means the U.S. Customs and 

22 Border Protection Innovation Team within the Of23 fice of the Commissioner. 

24 (4) NONINTRUSIVE INSPECTION TECHNOLOGY; 

25 NII TECHNOLOGY.—The terms ‘‘nonintrusive inspec26 tion technology’’ and ‘‘NII technology’’ means techVerDate Sep 11 2014 01:23 Dec 10, 2024 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\S4062.RS S4062

kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
3 

•S 4062 RS

1 nical equipment and machines, such as X-ray or 

2 gamma-ray imaging equipment, that allow cargo in3 spections without the need to open the means of 

4 transport and unload the cargo. 

5 (5) PILOT PROJECTS.—The term ‘‘pilot 

6 projects’’ means the projects required under section 

7 3(a) for testing and assessing the use of technologies 

8 to improve the inspection process at land ports of 

9 entry. 

10 SEC. 3. PILOT PROJECTS ALLOWING ADDITIONAL TECH11 NOLOGY PROVIDERS TO PARTICIPATE IN IN12 SPECTING CARS, TRUCKS, AND CARGO CON13 TAINERS AT CERTAIN PORTS OF ENTRY. 

14 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 

15 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 

16 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 

17 of Homeland Security, acting through CBP Innova18 tion Team, and in coordination with the Office of 

19 Field Operations, shall begin the implementation of 

20 pilot projects for testing and assessing the use of 

21 technologies or technology enhancements to improve 

22 the process for inspecting, including by increasing 

23 efficiencies of such inspections, any conveyance or 

24 mode of transportation at land ports of entry along 

25 the borders of the United States. The technologies 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
4 

•S 4062 RS

1 or technology enhancements tested and assessed 

2 under the pilot projects shall be for the purpose of 

3 assisting U.S. Customs and Border Protection per4 sonnel to detect contraband, illegal drugs, illegal 

5 weapons, and threats on inbound and outbound traf6 fic, in conjunction with the use of imaging equip7 ment, radiation portal monitors, and chemical detec8 tors. 

9 (2) REQUIREMENTS.— 

10 (A) IN GENERAL.—In implementing the 

11 pilot projects at ports of entry, the CBP Inno12 vation Team shall test and collect data regard13 ing not fewer than 5 types of nonintrusive in14 spection technology enhancements that can be 

15 deployed at land ports of entry. The CBP Inno16 vation Team shall test technology enhancements 

17 from not fewer than 1 of the following cat18 egories: 

19 (i) Artificial intelligence. 

20 (ii) Machine learning. 

21 (iii) High-performance computing. 

22 (iv) Quantum information sciences, in23 cluding quantum sensing. 

24 (v) Other emerging technology. 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
5 

•S 4062 RS

1 (B) IDENTIFICATION OF EFFECTIVE EN2 HANCEMENTS.—The pilot projects shall identify 

3 the most effective types of technology enhance4 ments to improve the capabilities of nonintru5 sive inspection systems and other inspection 

6 systems used at land ports of entry based on— 

7 (i) the technology enhancement’s abil8 ity to assist U.S. Customs and Border 

9 Protection accurately detect contraband, il10 legal drugs, illegal weapons, or threats in 

11 inbound and outbound traffic; 

12 (ii) the technology enhancement’s abil13 ity to increase efficiencies of inspections to 

14 assist U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

15 address long wait times; 

16 (iii) the technology enhancement’s 

17 ability to improve capabilities of aging de18 tection equipment and infrastructure at 

19 land ports of entry; 

20 (iv) the technology enhancement’s 

21 safety relative to As Low As Reasonably 

22 Achievable (ALARA) standard practices; 

23 (v) the expected cost of implementing 

24 the new technology; 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
6 

•S 4062 RS

1 (vi) the ability to integrate the new 

2 technology into the existing workflow and 

3 infrastructure; 

4 (vii) the technology enhancement’s 

5 ability to incorporate automatic threat rec6 ognition technology using standard formats 

7 and open architecture; 

8 (viii) the mobility of technology en9 hancements; and 

10 (ix) other performance measures iden11 tified by the CBP Innovation Team. 

12 (C) PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT.—The 

13 CBP Innovation Team may solicit input from 

14 representatives of the private sector regarding 

15 commercially viable technologies. 

16 (3) NONINTRUSIVE INSPECTION SYSTEMS PRO17 GRAM.—The CBP Innovation Team shall work with 

18 existing nonintrusive inspection systems programs 

19 within U.S. Customs and Border Protection when 

20 planning and developing the pilot projects required 

21 under paragraph (1). 

22 (b) TERMINATION.—The pilot projects shall termi23 nate on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enact24 ment of this Act. 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
7 

•S 4062 RS

1 (c) REPORTS REQUIRED.—Not later than 3 years 

2 after the date of the enactment of this Act, and 180 days 

3 after the termination of the pilot projects pursuant to sub4 section (b), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall sub5 mit a report to the appropriate congressional committees 

6 that contains— 

7 (1) an analysis of the effectiveness of tech8 nology enhancements tested based on the require9 ments described in subsection (a)(2); 

10 (2) any recommendations from the testing and 

11 analysis concerning the ability to utilize such tech12 nologies at all land ports of entry; 

13 (3) a plan to utilize new technologies that meet 

14 the performance goals of the pilot projects across all 

15 U.S. Customs and Border Protection land ports of 

16 entry at the border, including total costs and a 

17 breakdown of the costs of such plan, including any 

18 infrastructure improvements that may be required to 

19 accommodate recommended technology enhance20 ments; and 

21 (4) the analysis described in subsection (d). 

22 (d) AREAS OF ANALYSIS.—The report required under 

23 subsection (c) shall include an analysis containing— 

24 (1) quantitative measurements of performance 

25 based on the requirements described in subsection 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
8 

•S 4062 RS

1 (a)(2) of each technology tested compared with the 

2 status quo to reveal a broad picture of the perform3 ance of technologies and technology enhancements, 

4 such as— 

5 (A) the probability of detection, false alarm 

6 rate, and throughput; and 

7 (B) an analysis determining whether such 

8 observed performance represents a significant 

9 increase, decrease, or no change compared with 

10 current systems; 

11 (2) an assessment of the relative merits of each 

12 such technology; 

13 (3) any descriptive trends and patterns ob14 served; and 

15 (4) performance measures for— 

16 (A) the technology enhancement’s ability to 

17 assist with the detection of contraband on in18 bound and outbound traffic through automated 

19 (primary) inspection by measuring and report20 ing the probability of detection and false alarm 

21 rate for each NII system under operational con22 ditions; 

23 (B) the throughput of cargo through each 

24 NII system with a technology enhancement, inVerDate Sep 11 2014 01:23 Dec 10, 2024 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\S4062.RS S4062

kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
9 

•S 4062 RS

1 cluding a breakdown of the time needed for 

2 U.S. Customs and Border Protection— 

3 (i) to complete the image review proc4 ess and clear low-risk shipments; and 

5 (ii) to complete additional inspections 

6 of high-risk items; 

7 (C) changes in U.S. Customs and Border 

8 Protection officer time commitments and per9 sonnel needs to sustain high volume NII scan10 ning operations when technology enhancements 

11 are utilized; and 

12 (D) operational costs, including— 

13 (i) estimated implementation costs for 

14 each NII system with technology enhance15 ments; and 

16 (ii) estimated cost savings due to im17 proved efficiency due to technology en18 hancements, if applicable. 

19 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLES. 

20 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Contraband Awareness 

21 Technology Catches Harmful Fentanyl Act’’ or the 

22 ‘‘CATCH Fentanyl Act’’. 

23 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

24 In this Act: 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
10 

•S 4062 RS

1 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT2 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit3 tees’’ means— 

4 (A) the Committee on Homeland Security 

5 and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and 

6 (B) the Committee on Homeland Security of 

7 the House of Representatives. 

8 (2) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; AI.—The terms 

9 ‘‘artificial intelligence’’ and ‘‘AI’’ have the meaning 

10 given the term ‘‘artificial intelligence’’ in section 

11 238(g) of the John S. McCain National Defense Au12 thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 

13 115–232; 10 U.S.C. 4061 note). 

14 (3) CBP INNOVATION TEAM.—The term ‘‘CBP 

15 Innovation Team’’ means the U.S. Customs and Bor16 der Protection Innovation Team within the Office of 

17 the Commissioner. 

18 (4) NONINTRUSIVE INSPECTION TECHNOLOGY; NII

19 TECHNOLOGY.—The terms ‘‘nonintrusive inspection 

20 technology’’ and ‘‘NII technology’’ means technical 

21 equipment and machines, such as X-ray or gamma22 ray imaging equipment, that allow cargo inspections 

23 without the need to open the means of transport and 

24 unload the cargo. 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
11 

•S 4062 RS

1 (5) PILOT PROJECTS.—The term ‘‘pilot projects’’ 

2 means the projects required under section 3(a) for 

3 testing and assessing the use of technologies to im4 prove the inspection process at land ports of entry. 

5 SEC. 3. PILOT PROJECTS ALLOWING ADDITIONAL TECH6 NOLOGY PROVIDERS TO PARTICIPATE IN IN7 SPECTING CARS, TRUCKS, AND CARGO CON8 TAINERS AT CERTAIN PORTS OF ENTRY. 

9 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 

10 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 

11 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 

12 Homeland Security, acting through CBP Innovation 

13 Team, and in coordination with the Office of Field 

14 Operations and the Department of Homeland Secu15 rity Science and Technology Directorate, shall begin 

16 the implementation of pilot projects for testing and 

17 assessing the use of technologies or technology en18 hancements to improve the process for inspecting, in19 cluding by increasing efficiencies of such inspections, 

20 any conveyance or mode of transportation at land 

21 ports of entry along the borders of the United States. 

22 The technologies or technology enhancements tested 

23 and assessed under the pilot projects shall be for the 

24 purpose of assisting U.S. Customs and Border Protec25 tion personnel to detect contraband, illegal drugs, illeVerDate Sep 11 2014 01:23 Dec 10, 2024 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\S4062.RS S4062

kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
12 

•S 4062 RS

1 gal weapons, human smuggling, and threats on in2 bound and outbound traffic, in conjunction with the 

3 use of imaging equipment, radiation portal monitors, 

4 and chemical detectors. 

5 (2) REQUIREMENTS.— 

6 (A) IN GENERAL.—In implementing the 

7 pilot projects at ports of entry, the CBP Innova8 tion Team, in coordination with the Department 

9 of Homeland Security Science and Technology 

10 Directorate, shall test and collect data regarding 

11 not fewer than 5 types of nonintrusive inspection 

12 technology enhancements that can be deployed at 

13 land ports of entry. The CBP Innovation Team 

14 shall test technology enhancements from not 

15 fewer than 1 of the following categories: 

16 (i) Artificial intelligence. 

17 (ii) Machine learning. 

18 (iii) High-performance computing. 

19 (iv) Quantum information sciences, in20 cluding quantum sensing. 

21 (v) Other emerging technologies. 

22 (B) IDENTIFICATION OF EFFECTIVE EN23 HANCEMENTS.—The pilot projects shall identify 

24 the most effective types of technology enhance25 ments to improve the capabilities of nonintrusive 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
13 

•S 4062 RS

1 inspection systems and other inspection systems 

2 used at land ports of entry based on— 

3 (i) the technology enhancement’s abil4 ity to assist U.S. Customs and Border Pro5 tection accurately detect contraband, illegal 

6 drugs, illegal weapons, human smuggling, 

7 or threats in inbound and outbound traffic; 

8 (ii) the technology enhancement’s abil9 ity to increase efficiencies of inspections to 

10 assist U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

11 address long wait times; 

12 (iii) the technology enhancement’s abil13 ity to improve capabilities of aging detec14 tion equipment and infrastructure at land 

15 ports of entry; 

16 (iv) the technology enhancement’s safe17 ty relative to As Low As Reasonably 

18 Achievable (ALARA) standard practices; 

19 (v) the ability to integrate the new 

20 technology into the existing workflow and 

21 infrastructure; 

22 (vi) the technology enhancement’s abil23 ity to incorporate automatic threat recogni24 tion technology using standard formats and 

25 open architecture; 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
14 

•S 4062 RS

1 (vii) the mobility of technology en2 hancements; and 

3 (viii) other performance measures 

4 identified by the CBP Innovation Team. 

5 (C) PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT.—The 

6 CBP Innovation Team may solicit input from 

7 representatives of the private sector regarding 

8 commercially viable technologies. 

9 (D) COST EFFECTIVENESS REQUIREMENT.— 

10 In identifying the most effective types of tech11 nology enhancements under subparagraph (B), 

12 the pilot projects shall prioritize solutions that 

13 demonstrate the highest cost-effectiveness in 

14 achievement the objectives described in clauses (i) 

15 through (ix) of subparagraph (B). Cost effective16 ness shall account for improved detection capa17 bilities, increased inspection efficiencies, reduced 

18 wait times, and total cost of implementation (in19 cluding infrastructure upgrades and mainte20 nance expenses). 

21 (3) NONINTRUSIVE INSPECTION SYSTEMS PRO22 GRAM.—The CBP Innovation Team shall work with 

23 existing nonintrusive inspection systems programs 

24 within U.S. Customs and Border Protection when 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
15 

•S 4062 RS

1 planning and developing the pilot projects required 

2 under paragraph (1).8 

3 (4) SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DIRECTORATE.— 

4 The CBP Innovation Team shall work with the De5 partment of Homeland Security Science and Tech6 nology Directorate to align existing nonintrusive in7 spection research and development efforts within the 

8 Science and Technology Directorate when planning 

9 and developing pilot projects required under para10 graph (1). 

11 (b) TERMINATION.—The pilot projects shall terminate 

12 on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment 

13 of this Act. 

14 (c) REPORTS REQUIRED.—Not later than 3 years after 

15 the date of the enactment of this Act, and 180 days after 

16 the termination of the pilot projects pursuant to subsection 

17 (b), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit a re18 port to the appropriate congressional committees that con19 tains— 

20 (1) an analysis of the effectiveness of technology 

21 enhancements tested based on the requirements de22 scribed in subsection (a)(2); 

23 (2) any recommendations from the testing and 

24 analysis concerning the ability to utilize such tech25 nologies at all land ports of entry; 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
16 

•S 4062 RS

1 (3) a plan to utilize new technologies that meet 

2 the performance goals of the pilot projects across all 

3 U.S. Customs and Border Protection land ports of 

4 entry at the border, including total costs and a break5 down of the costs of such plan, including any infra6 structure improvements that may be required to ac7 commodate recommended technology enhancements; 

8 (4) a comprehensive list of existing technologies 

9 owned and utilized by U.S. Customs and Border pro10 tection for cargo and vehicle inspection, including— 

11 (A) details on the implementation status of 

12 such technologies, such as whether the tech13 nologies have been fully installed and utilized, or 

14 whether there are challenges with the installation 

15 and utilization of the technology; 

16 (B) an evaluation of the compatibility, 

17 interoperability, and scalability of existing cargo 

18 and vehicle inspection technologies within U.S. 

19 Customs and Border Protection’s physical and 

20 information technology infrastructure; and 

21 (C) identification of any obstacles to the ef22 fective deployment and integration of such tech23 nologies; and 

24 (5) the analysis described in subsection (d). 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
17 

•S 4062 RS

1 (d) AREAS OF ANALYSIS.—The report required under 

2 subsection (c) shall include an analysis containing— 

3 (1) quantitative measurements of performance 

4 based on the requirements described in subsection 

5 (a)(2) of each technology tested compared with the 

6 status quo to reveal a broad picture of the perform7 ance of technologies and technology enhancements, 

8 such as— 

9 (A) the probability of detection, false alarm 

10 rate, and throughput; and 

11 (B) an analysis determining whether such 

12 observed performance represents a significant in13 crease, decrease, or no change compared with 

14 current systems; 

15 (2) an assessment of the relative merits of each 

16 such technology; 

17 (3) any descriptive trends and patterns observed; 

18 and 

19 (4) performance measures for— 

20 (A) the technology enhancement’s ability to 

21 assist with the detection of contraband on in22 bound and outbound traffic through automated 

23 (primary) inspection by measuring and report24 ing the probability of detection and false alarm 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
18 

•S 4062 RS

1 rate for each NII system under operational con2 ditions; 

3 (B) the throughput of cargo through each 

4 NII system with a technology enhancement, in5 cluding a breakdown of the time needed for U.S. 

6 Customs and Border Protection— 

7 (i) to complete the image review proc8 ess and clear low-risk shipments; and 

9 (ii) to complete additional inspections 

10 of high-risk items; 

11 (C) changes in U.S. Customs and Border 

12 Protection officer time commitments and per13 sonnel needs to sustain high volume NII scan14 ning operations when technology enhancements 

15 are utilized; and 

16 (D) operational costs, including— 

17 (i) estimated implementation costs for 

18 each NII system with technology enhance19 ments; and 

20 (ii) estimated cost savings due to im21 proved efficiency due to technology enhance22 ments, if applicable. 

23 (e) PRIVACY AND CIVIL LIBERTIES REPORTS.—The 

24 DHS Privacy Officer and Civil Rights and Civil Liberties 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
19 

•S 4062 RS

1 Officer, in consultation with the CBP Innovation Team and 

2 other appropriate CBP offices, shall— 

3 (1) prior to the implementation of these tech4 nologies, provide— 

5 (A) a report or reports to the appropriate 

6 congressional committees on the potential pri7 vacy, civil liberties, and civil rights impacts of 

8 technologies being tested under the pilot projects 

9 pursuant to subsection (b); and 

10 (B) recommendations for mitigation meas11 ures to address identified impacts; and 

12 (2) not later than 180 days after the termination 

13 of the pilot projects pursuant to subsection (b), pro14 vide— 

15 (A) findings on the impacts to privacy, civil 

16 rights, and civil liberties resulting from the pilot 

17 projects; 

18 (B) recommendations for mitigating these 

19 impacts in implementation of approved tech20 nologies; and 

21 (C) any additional recommendations based 

22 on the lessons learned from the pilot projects. 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
Calendar No. 678 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 4062 

[Report No. 118–275] 

A BILL 

To establish a pilot program to assess the use of 

border. spection process at land ports of entry along the technology to speed up and enhance the cargo inDECEMBER 9, 2024 

Reported with an amendment 


kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB