Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 1

Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture Situation and Outlook Report. Market and Trade Economics Division,

Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, October 1999, FLO-1999.

Contents

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Situation Coordinator

Doyle C. Johnson

Voice: (202) 694-5248 Fax: (202) 694-5820

E-mail: djohnson@econ.ag.gov

Principal Contributor

Doyle C. Johnson

Statistical Assistant

Brenda Toland

Editor

Diane Decker

Design and Layout

Wynnice Pointer-Napper

Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board.

Summary released October 1, 1999. Summaries and full 

text of Situation and Outlook reports may be accessed 

electronically via the ERS website at www.econ.ag.gov/. 

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Grower cash receipts for U.S. floriculture and environmental

horticulture crops, as estimated by USDA’s Economic

Research Service (ERS), reached $12.1 billion in 1998, up 2

percent from the previous year.1 The value of production has

grown an average $440 million a year since 1991 when

grower receipts were $9.0 billion. Cash receipts for products

from the environmental horticulture sector rose from $5.8

billion in 1991 to $7.7 billion last year. This category

includes trees, outdoor plants, bulbs, turfgrass, and ground

covers except bedding and garden plants. Cash receipts for

some categories of the floriculture sector also posted substantial gains, particularly bedding and garden plants, which

jumped from $1.2 billion in 1991 to $2.1 billion in 1998.

Potted plants (flowering and foliage varieties used indoors)

registered moderate gains since 1991, increasing from $1.4

billion to $1.7 billion. Domestic growers realized modest

gains in cash receipts for cut flowers and cut cultivated

greens in 1998, but their receipts were down from $658 million in 1991 to $639 million last year. Ever increasing volumes of imports are taking a larger share of the U.S. floral

market. The domestic grower share has fallen from 65 percent in 1991 to 47 percent in 1998. 

Grower cash receipts for all floriculture crops (cut flowers,

cut greens, potted plants, and bedding and garden plants)

increased 6 percent from 1997. Receipts for cut flowers

increased 3 percent, while receipts for cut greens jumped 9

percent. Receipts for potted flowering plants were up 3 percent and potted foliage plants climbed 4 percent. Bedding

plant receipts rose 8 percent while all other outdoor landscaping plant receipts, including nursery stock and sod, continued steady. 

Greenhouse and nursery production is concentrated in the

West and the South, mostly due to climate factors, but also

due to demand factors stemming from proximity to population centers. However, greenhouse and nursery production is

also important in the Northeast and the Midwest, and has

also been increasing in states with minor production. Ten

states account for more than two-thirds of U.S. output. The

most important states, ranked by their respective share of

U.S. receipts, are California (20), Florida (11), Texas (9),

North Carolina (8), Ohio and Oregon (5 percent each),

Michigan (4), Pennsylvania (3), New York (2), and

Oklahoma (1 percent).

Retail Expenditures Hit $203 Per Capita

In 1998, retail expenditures for all floriculture and environmental horticulture products,2 as estimated by ERS, reached

$54.8 billion, or $203 per capita. This is 3 percent above the

previous year and 37 percent higher than in 1991.

Expenditures for cut flowers and cut greens increased $335

million to $8.5 billion ($31.60 per capita). Potted flowering

plant expenditures increased $135 million to $3.9 billion

($14.60 per capita), while expenditures for potted foliage

plants went up $191 million to $3.5 billion ($13.10 per

capita). Expenditures for bedding and garden plants rose 8

percent to $6.3 billion ($23.50 per capita). Retail expenditures for environmental horticulture crops (nursery plants,

trees, shrubs, bushes, bulbs, ground covers, and turfgrass)

reached $38.8 billion, ($120 per person).

Floriculture Production Area, Sales Increase,

Grower Numbers Also Higher

Commercial production of floriculture crops as surveyed

annually by USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service

in 36 major states reached $3.93 billion in 1998, up slightly

from 1997. This includes all growers with $10,000 or more

in sales of floriculture crops. California was again the leading state with crops valued at $769 million, down 3 percent

for the year. Florida was down slightly from 1997 with $654

million in wholesale value. The two states accounted for 36

percent of the total value. Of the 36 states surveyed, 21

showed increased value over the previous year. The top

five—California, Florida, Michigan, Texas, and Ohio—

accounted for $2.02 billion in sales of floriculture crops, 51

percent of the total. Growers with sales exceeding $100,000

for the year accounted for 91 percent of the total, at $3.56

billion. This group comprised 36 percent of the total number

of growers. 

The number of floriculture crop growers surveyed totaled

14,308 in 1998, compared with 1997’s revised count of

12,717. Those with sales of $100,000 or more dropped from

5,244 to 5,177 due to a decline in growers with more than

$500,000 in total sales. The two smallest size groups (sales

of $10,000-$19,999 and $20,000-$39,999) showed large

increases. Grower numbers in all other sales groups declined

2 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Summary

Value of Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture Crops

Continues To Rise

1Floriculture and environmental horticulture crops are classified as “nonedible horticulture,” or flowers, plants, bulbs, sod or turfgrass, and other related horticultural specialties that are grown primarily for ornamental or environmental purposes, but also included are trees, plants, and vines that are

purchased by commercial growers and others for food production purposes.

2 Equivalent retail value of green goods and closely associated products

and accessories including services such as delivery, installation, landscaping, and other service activities.
from 1997 with the exception of the $100,000-$499,999

group, which gained 7 percent.

Covered area for floriculture crop production in 36 major

states in 1998 totaled 1.07 billion square feet, up 15 percent

from 1997. All growers with sales over $10,000 increased

area used in production. All types of area increased, including glass greenhouse cover, fiberglass, film plastic, shade

and temporary cover, and open ground. Greenhouse space

accounted for 61 percent of the total covered area with 654

million square feet, up 22 percent from 1997. Film plastic

structures increased 30 percent to 463 million square feet.

Fiberglass and other rigid plastic covers were up 7 percent

for the year while glass greenhouse area increased 5 percent.

Shade and temporary cover constituted the remaining 420

million square feet of covered area, up 7 percent from 1997.

Open ground use totaled 46,763 acres, 32 percent higher

than in 1997.

Cut flowers: U.S. consumption (total use) of carnations, as

estimated by ERS, declined in 1998 to 1.2 billion stems, or

4.3 stems per capita. Imports accounted for 92 percent of

total consumption. Domestic grower sales and prices were

generally lower. The import volumes of standard and miniature carnations were down while prices were steady to

slightly higher. Consumption of cut roses was slightly lower

last year at 1.3 billion stems (4.7 stems per capita). The

import market share climbed higher to 77 percent last year.

Domestic grower sales declined last year even though prices

were higher. Import volumes of hybrid tea and sweetheart

roses were higher while prices were mostly steady to lower.

Consumption of cut chrysanthemums increased to 745 million stems (2.8 stems per capita). Imports accounted for 89

percent of total consumption. Domestic grower sales and

prices were higher. Imports of standard and pompon

chrysanthemums rose and prices remained steady. Domestic

production of cut flowers other than the major cuts (roses,

carnations, chrysanthemums, and gladioli) has been trending

upward. However, the value of domestic production of the

“all other cut flowers” category in 1998 fell to $238 million,

down 13 percent.

Cut cultivated greens: U.S. consumption of cut cultivated

greens in 1998 was nearly 2.2 billion stems. About 17 percent of the total was imported. Leatherleaf ferns accounted

for more than 62 percent of the total stems purchased, with

chamaedorea accounting for 14 percent, and all other types

of cut greens rounding out the remainder. Nearly all U.S.

leatherleaf production is in Florida, where year-to-year output has been very constant.

Potted flowering plants: Consumption of most varieties of

flowering plants was higher in 1998, continuing an upward

trend. However, units sold and dollar value of sales were

lower for many potted flowering plants including poinsettias,

Easter lilies, orchids, cyclamen, florist chrysanthemums,

florist azaleas, African violets, and flowering hanging baskets. Kalanchoes and the “all other flowering potted plant”

category were higher. Grower prices for most varieties of

potted flowering plants were mostly steady or unchanged.

Potted foliage plants: Although sales of potted foliage

plants were up last year, sales of foliage hanging baskets

were lower. Consumption of both categories has been fairly

constant over the past 8 years. Area in production and the

value of grower sales are nearly unchanged since 1991.

Bedding and garden plants: Most varieties of bedding

plants (vegetable or flowering type) sold in pots recorded

increased unit sales and a higher value of sales. Sales of

flowering hanging baskets were lower for geraniums and

impatiens, but higher for petunias and the “all other hanging

baskets” category. Units sold and dollar sales of bedding

plants (flowering and vegetable types) sold in flats were

lower in 1998. Prices for bedding and garden plants were

mixed, with some higher and some lower. 

U.S. Remains a Net Importer of Greenhouse

and Nursery Products 

The value of U.S. imports of greenhouse and nursery products reached $1.1 billion last year, up $77 million from

1997. Cut flowers and cut greens accounted for 64 percent

of the value, and were mostly imported from Latin America

and the Netherlands. The remaining 36 percent was mostly

nursery products such as bulbs and propagative plant materials, but included some potted flowering and foliage plants

that were imported mostly from Canada. The United States

exported $284 million in greenhouse and nursery products

in 1998, up from $261 in 1997. These exports were mostly

nursery products, such a specimen trees and foliage plants

shipped to Europe.

Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 3
Estimates for wholesale values and equivalent retail expenditures for the floriculture and environmental horticulture sector

shown in table 13 are based upon a series of calculations

explained below. Wholesale values are calculated for cut

flowers and cut greens by type of flower or cut green for

comparison with quantity estimates and to view total market

use. These estimates are shown in tables 22 and 23 for cut

carnations, 25 and 26 for cut roses, 28 and 29 for cut chrysanthemums, 31 and 32 for cut gladioli, 34 and 35 for cut

orchids, and 42 and 43 for cut cultivated greens. Retail expenditures are not calculated by type of cut flowers or cut greens

nor are they calculated for the various kinds of nursery crops,

turfgrass, cut Christmas trees, bulbs, and other crops. 

Calculations of Wholesale Values

Estimates of U.S. grower cash receipts (value of domestic

production) are provided for the following subsectors: cut

flowers, cut greens, potted flowering plants, potted foliage

plants, bedding and garden plants, and environmental horticulture crops. These cash receipts are based on annual estimates released by the Economic Research Service (ERS),

USDA for the entire floriculture and environmental horticulture sector; annual estimates of the wholesale value of 

floriculture crop production released by the National

Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), USDA (estimates for

crop subsectors are only for growers with $100,000 or more

in floriculture sales in 36 major states); and the U.S. Census

of Agriculture data collected every five years (1997 is the

latest Census year). Estimates of grower cash receipts are

revised and released annually in September by ERS, USDA

and will be revised following the release of the 1998 Census

of Horticultural Specialties by NASS, USDA. 

Wholesale values represent the value of domestic production

plus an expanded value of imports minus the value of

exports, f.a.s. basis (free-along-side ship). These estimates

approximate the value of the products as they enter the marketing channels. Domestic production is valued at the grower

level and is estimated by subsector for all fifty states based

on total grower cash receipts published by ERS. Imports are

c.i.f. values (cost, insurance, and freight at port of entry)

reported by U.S. Customs Service expanded to represent the

value of the products as they enter the marketing channels,

usually at shipping points. The expansion factor used is one

and half times the c.i.f. value. This expansion represents a

margin between c.i.f. values and selling prices at shipping

points which is based on surveys conducted by the Florida

Association of Floral Importers and other industry data. 

Estimates of Retail Expenditures

Retail expenditures are based on wholesale values expanded

to an equivalent retail value representing estimated sales

through all outlets such as retail florists, retail nurseries, home

and garden centers, grocery stores, other retail businesses,

landscapers, interiorscapers, government and other institutions, and all other users. The retail expenditures are the retail

value of the green goods including the value of closely associated products and accessories sold accompanying the green

goods including the cost of services such as delivery, installation, landscaping, and other service activities. 

The retail expenditure estimates provide the industry and

other data users with information on the size of the markets in

the United States, year-to-year changes in total and per capita

consumption (use) and import shares of the market, and overall trends stemming from supply, demand, and U.S. economic

conditions. The margins between wholesale values and retail

values represent the added value of the products at retail to

consumers and other purchasers. These margins vary significantly by product type and are based on several sources of

information including U.S. Census of Retail Trade, U.S.

Census of Wholesale Trade, U.S. Census of Service

Industries, economic analysis conducted by ERS, USDA, private sources, industry groups, universities, and others. 

4 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Methodology for Estimates of Wholesale Values and Retail

Expenditures
Greenhouse and Nursery

1. Greenhouse and nursery crops: Grower cash receipts, by State, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

2. Greenhouse and nursery crops: Grower cash receipts, percent of total by State, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

3. Greenhouse and nursery crops: Leading States by share of grower cash receipts, 1960 to date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

4. Greenhouse and nursery crops: Value of grower cashes receipts, by subsector, 1966 to date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

5. Greenhouse and nursery crops: Grower cash receipts, by subsector, region and State, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

6. Greenhouse and nursery crops: Farms, acreage, and sales, by subsector, 1959-97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

7. Greenhouse and nursery crops: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

8. Greenhouse and nursery crops: Farms, acreage, and sales, by value of sales, 1997 and 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

9. Greenhouse and nursery crops: Grower sales, by region and State, 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

10. Greenhouse and nursery crops: Acreage in the open, by region and State, 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

11. Greenhouse and nursery crops: Area under glass or other protection, by region and State, 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

12. Greenhouse and nursery crops: Farms reporting sales, by region and State, 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Floriculture

13. Floriculture and environmental horticulture products: Value of production, imports, exports, wholesale supply,

and retail expenditures, 1986 to date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

14. Floriculture crops: Wholesale value of production, by State, 1990-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

15. Floriculture crops: Growers and growing area, major States, 1985-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

16. Floriculture crops: Growing area by type of cover, operations less than $100,000 in sales, $100,000 or more, 

and all operations 1993-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

17. Floriculture crops: Growers and growing area, by States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Cut Flowers and Cut Cultivated Greens

18. Cut flowers and cut cultivated greens: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992 . . . . . . . . . .45

19. Cut flowers: Quantity, price, and value of U.S. imports, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

20. Cut flowers: Average value per area, by type, major States, 1991-1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

21. Cut carnations: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

22. Cut carnations: Quantity of production, supply and consumption, United States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

23. Cut carnations: Wholesale value of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

24. Cut roses: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

25. Cut roses: Quantity of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

26. Cut roses: Wholesale value of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

27 Cut chrysanthemums: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

28. Cut chrysanthemums: Quantity of production, supply and consumption, United States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

29. Cut chrysanthemums: Wholesale value of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . .56

30. Cut gladioli: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

31. Cut gladioli: Quantity of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

32. Cut gladioli: Wholesale value of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

33. Cut orchids: Growers, production, and value of sales, Hawaii, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

34. Cut orchids: Quantity of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

35. Cut orchids: Wholesale value of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 5

List of Tables
36. Cut anthuriums: Growers, production, and value of sales, Hawaii, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

37. Cut anthuriums: Quantity of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

38. Cut anthuriums: Wholesale value of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . .61

39. Other cut flowers: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

40. Other cut flowers: Value of production, supply, and consumption, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

41. Cut cultivated greens: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

42. Cut cultivated greens: Quantity of production, supply, and consumption, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

43. Cut cultivated greens: Value of production, supply, and consumption, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Potted Flowering and Potted Foliage Plants

44. Potted foliage plants: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

45. Potted foliage: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

46. Potted foliage and foliage hanging baskets: Wholesale value of production and average value per area, 

major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

47. Foliage hanging baskets: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

48. Potted flowering plants: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

49. Potted flowering plants: Wholesale value of production, by type, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

50. Potted African violets: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

51. Potted cyclamen: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

52. Potted chrysanthemums: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

53. Potted Easter lilies: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

54. Potted kalanchoes: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

55. Potted poinsettias: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

56. Potted finished florist azaleas: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

57. Other potted flowering plants: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

58. Potted orchids: Growers, production, and value of sales, 1996-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

59. Potted dendrobium orchids: Growers, production, and value of sales, Hawaii, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

60. Potted other orchids: Growers, production, and value of sales, Hawaii, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Bedding and Garden Plants

61. Bedding and garden plants: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

62. Bedding and garden plants, flowering hanging baskets: Wholesale value of production by type, 

major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

63. Bedding and garden plants: Number sold in pots, flats, and hanging baskets, by type, major States, 1991-98 . . . .74

64. Flowering hanging baskets: Growers, production, and value of sales, by type, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

65. Potted hardy and garden chrysanthemums: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . .76

66. Potted geraniums, cuttings: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

67. Potted geraniums, seed: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

68. Potted impatiens: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

69. Potted New Guinea impatiens: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

70. Potted petunias: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

71. Other potted flowering bedding plants: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . .78

72. Potted vegetable bedding plants: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

73. Bedding geraniums, flats: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

74. Bedding impatiens plants, flats: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

75. Bedding New Guinea impatiens plants, flats: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 . . . .79

76. Bedding petunias flats: Growers, production and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

6 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA
77. Other flowering and foliar type bedding plants, flats: Growers, production, 

and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

78. Vegetable bedding plants flats: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

Nursery Crops, Bulbs, Sod, and Other Products

79. Bulbs: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

80. Nursery crops: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

81. Sod harvested: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

82. Vegetable and flower seeds: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

83. Greenhouse vegetables: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

84. Mushrooms: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

85. Cut Christmas trees harvested: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

86. Other greenhouse and nursery products: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992 . . . . . . . .88

Trade

87. Cut flowers: Value of U.S. imports, by country, 1994-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

88. Nursery stock: Value of U.S. imports, by country, 1994-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92

89. Greenhouse and nursery products: Value of U.S. imports, by country, 1994-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

90. Cut flowers and decorative greens: Quantity of U.S. imports, by product and country, 1991-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

91. Greenhouse and nursery products: Value of U.S. exports, by country, 1994-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103

92. Greenhouse and nursery products: Quantity and value of U.S. imports, by commodity, 1996-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

93. Greenhouse and nursery products: Quantity and value of U.S. exports, by commodity, 1996-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 7
8 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 1--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Grower cash receipts, by State, 1991-98

 State 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1, 000 dollars 1/

Alabama 211,160 200,913 200,986 179,717 179,162 190,434 207,942 210,343

Alaska 15,080 15,060 10,135 10,638 11,140 12,087 13,099 13,106

Arizona 65,220 47,965 59,254 63,196 55,761 67,957 79,125 89,067

Arkansas 24,221 21,680 23,936 25,348 23,167 24,754 33,738 37,985

California 1,935,522 1,882,421 1,902,610 1,986,450 2,158,508 2,281,327 2,550,199 2,468,541

Colorado 77,851 85,662 98,515 114,950 143,818 167,726 191,290 201,624

Connecticut 98,382 99,452 107,881 111,542 118,251 123,473 134,439 141,064

Delaware 34,000 27,509 27,523 27,665 27,850 27,895 27,945 28,700

Florida 1,003,771 1,027,694 1,017,655 1,080,986 1,109,773 1,251,727 1,263,234 1,278,700

Georgia 179,358 191,200 144,933 172,540 189,250 195,061 225,828 241,356

Hawaii 68,078 69,679 69,513 67,005 68,175 68,870 70,791 73,879

Idaho 48,750 47,143 49,068 37,943 42,609 48,093 54,550 61,682

Illinois 209,974 224,688 218,314 229,432 220,506 218,572 255,200 239,576

Indiana 89,287 90,577 71,391 72,790 67,187 72,036 84,045 91,511

Iowa 59,606 55,335 48,313 54,530 57,389 64,282 62,158 62,204

Kansas 27,338 29,549 30,420 32,746 33,709 31,612 36,834 38,875

Kentucky 54,200 56,724 50,157 51,686 50,214 51,962 63,943 67,207

Louisiana 69,668 27,604 29,226 28,407 27,254 31,469 33,980 35,453

Maine 19,400 20,000 21,000 22,000 25,000 25,100 26,800 29,000

Maryland 195,850 208,758 229,717 225,253 231,321 230,409 238,002 261,036

Massachusetts 116,111 117,495 123,436 125,940 146,422 145,810 154,367 150,960

Michigan 365,833 358,933 369,574 398,385 424,625 415,253 451,384 475,323

Minnesota 77,588 85,671 110,052 121,414 129,578 135,322 146,889 151,501

Mississippi 21,000 31,139 32,349 32,031 36,536 39,750 49,968 44,841

Missouri 59,649 61,449 64,514 64,613 64,183 69,365 77,373 79,610

Montana 8,925 10,000 10,000 15,000 17,000 19,000 20,000 21,000

Nebraska 12,000 15,000 15,100 16,400 17,800 19,400 21,000 21,000

Nevada 2,480 3,943 6,200 7,200 11,500 13,500 15,600 16,200

New Hampshire 33,000 34,000 35,700 41,750 39,000 40,000 43,500 44,000

New Jersey 204,009 181,755 209,510 257,077 254,596 249,509 284,776 299,391

New Mexico 41,000 43,413 37,181 41,232 41,062 43,208 50,779 61,904

New York 228,777 375,425 212,806 215,237 214,192 200,623 247,494 264,458

North Carolina 624,986 732,235 795,113 851,222 857,112 895,804 934,524 957,552

North Dakota 27,000 27,000 27,000 27,000 27,000 9,000 9,500 10,000

Ohio 448,369 470,796 467,551 474,538 481,899 512,648 531,603 543,897

Oklahoma 273,000 274,213 170,356 165,977 163,932 163,106 166,071 168,336

Oregon 382,976 345,056 352,459 385,000 424,505 455,643 507,209 579,074

Pennsylvania 293,375 304,926 315,885 313,315 314,680 331,587 358,781 347,119

Rhode Island 40,000 41,250 41,500 41,750 42,000 42,250 42,500 43,000

South Carolina 88,007 120,379 127,745 144,998 155,060 160,478 179,065 183,101

South Dakota 11,785 13,551 14,050 17,610 18,530 20,540 21,621 22,702

Tennessee 133,646 144,754 154,239 151,029 170,545 188,136 192,115 192,268

Texas 556,000 628,000 707,000 721,000 792,000 857,551 1,042,826 1,119,660

Utah 26,000 32,754 35,499 36,842 40,305 41,486 43,692 44,296

Vermont 23,000 25,000 23,500 23,750 24,000 24,250 24,500 25,000

Virginia 108,177 117,181 123,642 127,470 128,787 136,114 145,185 146,285

Washington 180,728 204,575 220,090 240,000 245,000 245,000 267,620 268,918

West Virginia 16,500 16,500 13,000 13,200 13,400 16,000 17,200 18,000

Wisconsin 142,749 148,358 153,813 153,278 156,152 140,481 137,009 140,381

Wyoming 1,600 4,300 2,800 2,900 3,000 3,100 4,100 4,200

United States 9,034,986 9,398,664 9,382,211 9,821,982 10,294,445 10,818,760 11,841,393 12,114,886

 1/ Includes cut flowers, cut cultivated greens, potted flowering and foliage plants, bedding and garden plants, bulbs, sod, ground

covers, nursery crops, and other nursery and greenhouse products, except flower and vegetable garden seeds, food crops grown 

under cover, and cut Christmas trees.

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 9

Table 2--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Grower cash receipts, percent of total by State, 1991-98

 State 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Percent 

Alabama 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7

Alaska 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Arizona 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7

Arkansas 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

California 21.4 20.0 20.3 20.2 21.0 21.1 21.5 20.4

Colorado 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7

Connecticut 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2

Delaware 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Florida 11.1 10.9 10.8 11.0 10.8 11.6 10.7 10.6

Georgia 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0

Hawaii 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6

Idaho 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Illinois 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.0

Indiana 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

Iowa 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

Kansas 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Kentucky 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6

Louisiana 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Maine 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Maryland 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2

Massachusetts 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2

Michigan 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.9

Minnesota 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3

Mississippi 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Missouri 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Montana 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nebraska 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nevada 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

New Hampshire 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

New Jersey 2.3 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.5

New Mexico 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5

New York 2.5 4.0 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.2

North Carolina 6.9 7.8 8.5 8.7 8.3 8.3 7.9 7.9

North Dakota 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Ohio 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.5

Oklahoma 3.0 2.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4

Oregon 4.2 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.8

Pennsylvania 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9

Rhode Island 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

South Carolina 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

South Dakota 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Tennessee 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6

Texas 6.2 6.7 7.5 7.3 7.7 7.9 8.8 9.2

Utah 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Vermont 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Virginia 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2

Washington 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2

West Virginia 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Wisconsin 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2

Wyoming 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

United States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
10 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 3--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Leading States by share of grower cash receipts, 1960 to date

Year Rank of leading States 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total

State and percent

1960 CA 16.0 PA 9.7 FL 8.5 NY 6.9 OH 6.3 IL 4.9 NJ 4.5 MI 3.8 MA 2.9 TX 2.7 66.2

1961 CA 16.8 PA 9.6 FL 8.7 NY 6.7 OH 6.2 IL 4.7 NJ 4.3 MI 3.8 MA 2.9 TX 2.6 66.3

1962 CA 17.9 PA 9.4 FL 8.7 NY 6.5 OH 5.9 IL 4.4 NJ 4.4 MI 3.7 MA 2.8 IN 2.7 66.4

1963 CA 18.4 PA 9.3 FL 8.8 NY 6.4 OH 5.7 NJ 4.3 IL 4.2 MI 3.7 MA 2.8 IN 2.7 66.3

1964 CA 20.6 PA 8.9 FL 8.7 NY 6.1 OH 5.4 NJ 4.0 IL 3.9 MI 3.5 MA 2.6 OR 2.5 66.2

1965 CA 19.9 FL 8.8 PA 8.7 NY 5.8 OH 5.4 NJ 4.4 IL 4.0 MI 3.6 MA 2.5 OR 2.5 65.6

1966 CA 21.4 FL 9.5 OH 5.6 NY 5.5 PA 5.2 NJ 4.5 IL 4.0 MI 3.9 OR 2.6 MA 2.5 64.7

1967 CA 21.3 FL 9.8 OH 5.7 NY 5.3 PA 4.9 NJ 4.3 IL 4.2 MI 3.8 OR 2.7 NC 2.6 64.6

1968 CA 21.3 FL 10.1 OH 5.9 NY 4.6 PA 4.6 IL 4.3 NJ 4.2 MI 3.9 OR 2.9 NC 2.6 64.4

1969 CA 22.7 FL 10.4 OH 6.0 NY 5.1 IL 4.4 PA 4.4 NJ 4.1 MI 4.0 OR 2.8 CT 2.6 66.5

1970 CA 23.7 FL 10.5 OH 6.1 NY 5.2 IL 4.4 PA 4.0 NJ 4.0 MI 4.0 OR 2.9 CT 2.6 67.4

1971 CA 23.6 FL 10.7 OH 6.2 NY 5.3 IL 4.5 MI 4.0 NJ 3.8 PA 3.5 OR 2.8 CT 2.7 67.1

1972 CA 25.2 FL 10.5 OH 6.0 NY 5.2 IL 4.4 MI 3.9 PA 3.7 NJ 3.5 OR 2.7 CT 2.7 67.8

1973 CA 26.6 FL 10.1 OH 5.8 NY 5.0 PA 4.3 IL 4.3 MI 3.8 NJ 3.2 WA 2.7 CT 2.6 68.4

1974 CA 27.7 FL 9.8 OH 5.7 NY 4.9 IL 4.1 PA 3.9 MI 3.8 NJ 3.2 WA 2.8 CT 2.5 68.4

1975 CA 27.2 FL 13.2 OH 5.3 NY 4.6 IL 3.8 PA 3.7 MI 3.6 NJ 2.9 OR 2.6 WA 2.5 69.4

1976 CA 26.2 FL 11.8 PA 5.4 OH 4.8 TX 4.7 NY 4.1 MI 3.3 IL 3.0 OR 2.8 WA 2.3 68.4

1977 CA 25.4 FL 11.1 PA 5.1 TX 5.0 OH 4.6 MI 4.1 NY 3.9 OR 3.1 IL 3.0 NJ 2.5 67.8

1978 CA 24.6 FL 12.2 OH 5.3 TX 5.0 PA 4.7 NY 3.8 MI 3.8 OR 3.2 MA 3.2 IL 2.6 68.4

1979 CA 26.4 FL 11.7 TX 5.4 OH 5.0 PA 4.6 MI 3.5 OR 3.5 NY 3.4 MA 3.1 NC 2.5 69.1

1980 CA 26.1 FL 12.4 TX 5.1 OH 4.5 OR 4.2 PA 4.0 TN 3.9 NY 3.7 MI 3.2 MA 2.7 69.8

1981 CA 25.4 FL 12.2 TX 6.2 OH 4.5 OR 3.9 TN 3.9 PA 3.8 NY 3.5 MI 3.0 WA 2.7 69.1

1982 CA 23.5 FL 13.8 TX 6.9 PA 4.3 MI 4.1 OH 4.1 TN 3.5 OR 3.3 NY 3.0 GA 2.7 69.2

1983 CA 22.5 FL 14.4 TX 7.4 PA 4.8 MI 3.8 OH 3.7 OR 3.2 TN 3.2 NY 3.0 NJ 2.9 68.9

1984 CA 24.0 FL 14.5 TX 7.0 PA 4.7 MI 3.4 OR 3.3 NY 3.2 OH 3.2 NJ 3.1 GA 2.8 69.2

1985 CA 24.0 FL 14.7 TX 7.4 PA 5.1 MI 3.3 NY 3.3 NJ 3.0 OH 2.9 OR 2.8 GA 2.7 69.2

1986 CA 22.4 FL 14.8 TX 7.0 PA 4.8 NY 3.4 OR 3.1 MI 3.0 NJ 2.8 NC 2.6 OK 2.6 66.5

1987 CA 21.5 FL 13.8 TX 6.5 PA 4.2 NC 3.7 NY 3.4 MI 3.1 OR 3.1 NJ 3.0 OH 2.8 65.1

1988 CA 21.6 FL 13.3 TX 6.0 NC 4.9 PA 3.9 OR 3.5 MI 3.4 NY 3.2 NJ 3.1 OK 2.9 65.8

1989 CA 22.3 FL 12.3 TX 6.1 NC 6.0 PA 3.8 OR 3.5 NY 3.3 MI 3.3 NJ 3.0 OK 2.9 66.5

1990 CA 22.3 FL 11.4 TX 6.4 NC 6.4 OH 5.1 OR 3.9 PA 3.3 OK 3.1 MI 3.0 NY 2.9 64.9

1991 CA 21.4 FL 11.1 NC 6.9 TX 6.2 OH 5.0 OR 4.2 MI 4.0 PA 3.2 OK 3.0 NY 2.5 67.5

1992 CA 20.0 FL 10.9 NC 7.8 TX 6.7 OH 5.0 NY 4.0 MI 3.8 OR 3.7 PA 3.2 OK 2.9 68.0

1993 CA 20.3 FL 10.8 NC 8.5 TX 7.5 OH 5.0 MI 3.9 OR 3.8 PA 3.4 NY 2.3 OK 1.8 67.3

1994 CA 20.2 FL 11.0 NC 8.7 TX 7.3 OH 4.8 MI 4.1 OR 3.9 PA 3.2 NY 2.2 OK 1.7 67.1

1995 CA 21.0 FL 10.8 NC 8.3 TX 7.7 OH 4.7 MI 4.1 OR 4.1 PA 3.1 NY 2.1 OK 1.6 67.5

1996 CA 21.1 FL 11.6 NC 8.3 TX 7.9 OH 4.7 OR 4.2 MI 3.8 PA 3.1 NY 1.9 OK 1.5 68.1

1997 CA 21.5 FL 10.7 TX 8.8 NC 7.9 OH 4.5 OR 4.3 MI 3.9 PA 3.0 NY 2.1 OK 1.4 68.1

1998 CA 20.4 FL 10.6 TX 9.2 NC 7.9 OR 4.8 OH 4.5 MI 3.9 PA 2.9 NY 2.2 OK 1.4 67.8

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 11

Table 4--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Value of grower cash receipts, by subsector, 1966 to date

Commercial floriculture in major States Expanded

Potted Bedding & Cut floriculture Environmental Total

 Year Cut flowering Foliage garden cultivated wholesale horticulture greenhouse and

flowers 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ greens 1/ value 2/ crops 3/ nursery crops 4/

1,000 dollars

1966 142,702 N.A. 23,988 N.A. N.A. 182,565 644,094 826,659

1967 147,519 N.A. 26,079 N.A. N.A. 191,774 669,150 860,924

1968 167,209 N.A. 26,412 N.A. N.A. 213,183 681,650 894,833

1969 198,843 N.A. 29,158 N.A. N.A. 249,939 678,294 928,233

1970 198,559 N.A. 27,073 N.A. N.A. 250,157 708,218 958,375

1971 203,710 N.A. 37,586 N.A. N.A. 268,099 746,215 1,014,314

1972 221,230 N.A. 48,428 N.A. N.A. 300,326 820,630 1,120,956

1973 227,604 N.A. 67,982 N.A. N.A. 329,682 993,235 1,322,917

1974 234,420 N.A. 113,503 N.A. N.A. 386,595 1,079,920 1,466,515

1975 193,264 N.A. 184,898 N.A. N.A. 420,399 1,269,023 1,689,422

1976 209,136 144,274 243,427 94,094 N.A. 690,931 1,348,300 2,039,231

1977 213,490 156,403 275,300 114,976 N.A. 760,169 1,491,296 2,251,465

1978 230,655 172,473 281,919 129,739 N.A. 814,786 1,822,556 2,637,342

1979 242,701 182,603 283,928 148,996 N.A. 858,228 2,125,085 2,983,313

1980 250,093 209,931 312,968 180,294 N.A. 953,286 2,465,502 3,418,788

1981 252,759 232,346 329,160 207,922 N.A. 1,022,187 2,634,434 3,656,621

1982 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 4,015,485

1983 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 4,529,351

1984 271,317 226,517 429,641 345,123 N.A. 1,272,598 3,902,911 5,175,579

1985 371,509 291,334 468,495 487,289 66,733 1,685,360 3,722,022 5,407,382

1986 359,826 388,727 521,374 560,126 76,884 1,906,937 4,076,115 5,983,052

1987 439,473 511,169 515,332 739,004 88,471 2,293,449 4,443,157 6,736,606

1988 457,854 507,731 481,631 755,261 90,761 2,293,248 4,955,136 7,248,384

1989 482,531 538,227 488,851 896,536 110,517 2,504,996 5,271,732 7,776,728

1990 467,720 550,176 474,930 829,103 106,584 2,652,007 6,024,777 8,676,784

1991 471,556 569,163 447,567 942,449 110,039 2,795,438 6,239,548 9,034,986

1992 458,455 645,989 427,009 1,118,171 111,524 3,135,974 6,262,690 9,398,664

1993 423,911 683,346 417,049 1,170,011 115,979 3,073,126 6,309,085 9,382,211

1994 442,297 662,490 489,306 1,280,087 119,247 3,246,912 6,575,070 9,821,982

1995 423,630 681,107 498,969 1,356,967 113,124 3,328,632 6,965,813 10,294,445

1996 412,700 684,340 508,947 1,428,133 118,185 3,407,320 7,411,440 10,818,760

1997 471,569 722,869 499,964 1,746,959 116,184 3,896,050 7,945,343 11,841,393

1998 418,943 700,627 503,403 1,812,628 125,587 3,933,878 8,181,008 12,114,886

 N.A. = Not available.

 1/ Includes only commercial growers of $100,000 or more in floriclture sales since 1992.

2/ Includes cut flowers, potted flowering and foliage plants, bedding plants, and cut cultivated greens. Data for 1986 through 1991

includes 29 crops in 28 States; 1992 to 1993 includes 29 crops in 36 States; 1994 to 1998 includes 40 crops in 36 States. Data include only 

commercial growers with $10,000 or more in gross sales. 3/ Includes greenhouse and nursery environmental crops such as annuals and

perennials, bulbs, sod, nursery stock, and other greenhouse and nursery products not shown separately, except cut Christmas trees. 

4/ Includes all floriculture and environmental horticulture crops except cut Christmas trees, seeds, and food crops grown under cover.

Sources: Economic Research Service, USDA and National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.
12 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 5--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Grower cash receipts, by subsector, region and State, 1991-98

Commercial floriculture in major States Expanded

 Year, Potted Bedding & Cut floriculture Environmental Total 

 region, Cut flowering Foliage garden cultivated wholesale horticulture greenhouse

 and State flowers 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ greens 1/ value 2/ crops 3/ and nursery 4/

1,000 dollars

1991:

 Northeast: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 346,276 709,778 1,056,054

 Connecticut 1,572 5,757 2,130 19,673 N.A. 35,382 63,000 98,382

 Maine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 19,400 19,400

 Massachusetts 8,140 7,369 1,830 11,582 N.A. 36,111 80,000 116,111

 New Hampshire N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 33,000 33,000

 New Jersey 7,169 17,215 2,879 24,912 N.A. 61,678 142,331 204,009

 New York 14,854 24,128 4,467 50,820 N.A. 112,730 116,047 228,777

 Pennsylvania 13,873 26,573 5,686 40,114 4 100,375 193,000 293,375

 Rhode Island N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 40,000 40,000

 Vermont N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 23,000 23,000

 North Central: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 536,582 994,596 1,531,178

 Illinois 4,946 20,730 2,759 29,509 N.A. 69,974 140,000 209,974

 Indiana 11,037 7,205 2,640 14,070 N.A. 43,262 46,025 89,287

 Iowa 664 8,879 1,621 13,124 N.A. 28,906 30,700 59,606

 Kansas 12 7,146 2,335 10,282 N.A. 22,338 5,000 27,338

 Michigan 11,980 20,134 4,229 77,480 N.A. 125,833 240,000 365,833

 Minnesota 6,158 9,799 1,476 18,406 N.A. 42,588 35,000 77,588

 Missouri 873 10,203 2,445 13,455 3 33,049 26,600 59,649

 Nebraska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 12,000 12,000

 North Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 27,000 27,000

 Ohio 7,286 33,550 10,391 58,802 N.A. 126,883 321,486 448,369

 South Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 11,785 11,785

 Wisconsin 1,568 8,761 1,411 22,616 N.A. 43,749 99,000 142,749

 South: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 936,605 2,656,939 3,593,544

 Alabama 342 19,963 2,375 23,185 N.A. 51,160 160,000 211,160

 Arkansas N.A. 1,801 469 4,399 N.A. 9,721 14,500 24,221

 Delaware N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 34,000 34,000

 Florida 30,986 62,905 253,977 61,303 93,207 528,771 475,000 1,003,771

 Georgia 263 9,287 2,830 18,531 N.A. 36,756 142,602 179,358

 Kentucky N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 54,200 54,200

 Louisiana N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 69,668 69,668

 Maryland 1,173 6,376 1,198 13,981 N.A. 28,850 167,000 195,850

 Mississippi N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 21,000 21,000

 North Carolina 1,265 30,129 9,163 29,644 N.A. 74,986 550,000 624,986

 Oklahoma N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 273,000 273,000

 South Carolina N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 88,007 88,007

 Tennessee 675 10,244 1,421 8,486 N.A. 26,646 107,000 133,646

 Texas 202 33,419 21,520 75,322 955 139,351 416,649 556,000

 Virginia 2,761 12,053 2,030 16,455 15 40,364 67,813 108,177

 West Virginia N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 16,500 16,500

 West: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 975,975 1,878,235 2,854,210

 Alaska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 15,080 15,080

 Arizona N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 65,220 65,220

 California 284,999 139,924 89,592 211,163 12,811 759,269 1,176,253 1,935,522

 Colorado 21,043 4,941 1,174 14,768 N.A. 45,351 32,500 77,851

 Hawaii 14,207 8,246 12,396 1,764 350 49,863 18,215 68,078

 Idaho N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 48,750 48,750

 Montana N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 8,925 8,925

 Nevada N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 2,480 2,480

 New Mexico N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 41,000 41,000

 Oregon 7,282 14,169 591 23,531 2,539 53,727 329,249 382,976

 Utah N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 26,000 26,000

 Washington 16,176 8,257 2,532 35,072 N.A. 67,765 112,963 180,728

 Wyoming N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,600 1,600

United States 471,506 569,163 447,567 942,449 110,039 2,795,438 6,239,548 9,034,986

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 13

Table 5--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Grower cash receipts, by subsector, region and State, 1991-98 --Continued

Commercial floriculture in major States Expanded

 Year, Potted Bedding & Cut floriculture Environmental Total 

 region, Cut flowering Foliage garden cultivated wholesale horticulture greenhouse

 and State flowers 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ greens 1/ value 2/ crops 3/ and nursery 4/

1,000 dollars

1992:

 Northeast: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 505,536 693,767 1,199,303

 Connecticut 1,564 5,716 2,012 20,325 N.A. 35,452 64,000 99,452

 Maine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 20,000 20,000

 Massachusetts 7,821 9,784 2,174 17,581 N.A. 49,495 68,000 117,495

 New Hampshire N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 34,000 34,000

 New Jersey 7,348 17,871 3,310 28,745 N.A. 65,569 116,186 181,755

 New York 14,491 34,432 3,773 64,018 N.A. 250,094 125,331 375,425

 Pennsylvania 10,024 26,680 6,854 44,583 N.A. 104,926 200,000 304,926

 Rhode Island N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 41,250 41,250

 Vermont N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 25,000 25,000

 North Central: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 590,308 990,599 1,580,907

 Illinois 4,477 21,463 3,200 35,483 N.A. 74,688 150,000 224,688

 Indiana 11,710 7,372 2,231 14,069 N.A. 42,252 48,325 90,577

 Iowa 345 9,251 1,982 15,233 N.A. 32,481 22,854 55,335

 Kansas 26 6,989 2,520 12,399 N.A. 24,049 5,500 29,549

 Michigan 11,890 22,742 3,675 88,656 N.A. 138,933 220,000 358,933

 Minnesota 7,099 10,253 1,320 25,078 N.A. 49,671 36,000 85,671

 Missouri 837 10,279 2,241 16,298 4 35,449 26,000 61,449

 Nebraska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 15,000 15,000

 North Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 27,000 27,000

 Ohio 7,419 36,565 13,024 71,383 51 143,427 327,369 470,796

 South Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 13,551 13,551

 Wisconsin 1,800 9,523 1,606 27,774 N.A. 49,358 99,000 148,358

 South: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,075,626 2,750,857 3,826,483

 Alabama 443 20,242 2,365 22,778 N.A. 50,913 150,000 200,913

 Arkansas N.A. 2,332 400 6,503 N.A. 11,680 10,000 21,680

 Delaware N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 27,509 27,509

 Florida 33,422 77,590 239,004 82,541 96,377 552,694 475,000 1,027,694

 Georgia 260 10,280 2,876 21,068 16 40,260 150,940 191,200

 Kentucky 1,207 5,043 586 9,664 N.A. 21,474 35,250 56,724

 Louisiana 69 4,328 3,078 7,403 N.A. 17,584 10,020 27,604

 Maryland 555 6,932 812 18,184 N.A. 30,758 178,000 208,758

 Mississippi N.A. 3,355 758 3,901 N.A. 9,139 22,000 31,139

 North Carolina 1,709 31,491 9,745 34,025 N.A. 82,235 650,000 732,235

 Oklahoma 5 3,602 1,129 6,507 N.A. 14,213 260,000 274,213

 South Carolina 58 4,097 956 7,203 N.A. 15,379 105,000 120,379

 Tennessee 637 10,799 1,040 9,498 N.A. 27,254 117,500 144,754

 Texas 214 40,435 18,101 90,146 810 157,656 470,344 628,000

 Virginia 2,530 15,949 1,850 18,993 10 44,387 72,794 117,181

 West Virginia N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 16,500 16,500

 West: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 964,504 1,827,467 2,791,971

 Alaska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 15,060 15,060

 Arizona 290 841 775 9,394 N.A. 12,515 35,450 47,965

 California 265,761 128,072 74,428 185,879 11,515 685,785 1,196,636 1,882,421

 Colorado 19,784 5,533 1,518 22,632 N.A. 52,662 33,000 85,662

 Hawaii 15,106 6,957 12,002 1,776 499 45,145 24,534 69,679

 Idaho N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 47,143 47,143

 Montana N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 10,000 10,000

 Nevada N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 3,943 3,943

 New Mexico 45 12,473 1,661 9,868 N.A. 25,413 18,000 43,413

 Oregon 7,468 13,957 630 22,068 2,052 51,095 293,961 345,056

 Utah 3,641 4,689 1,206 8,547 N.A. 20,707 12,047 32,754

 Washington 18,400 8,072 2,167 37,968 N.A. 71,182 133,393 204,575

 Wyoming N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 4,300 4,300

United States 458,455 645,989 427,009 1,118,171 111,524 3,135,974 6,262,690 9,398,664

See footnotes at end of table.
14 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 5--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Grower cash receipts, by subsector, region and State, 1991-98 --Continued

Commercial floriculture in major States Expanded

 Year, Potted Bedding & Cut floriculture Environmental Total 

 region, Cut flowering Foliage garden cultivated wholesale horticulture greenhouse

 and State flowers 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ greens 1/ value 2/ crops 3/ and nursery 4/

1,000 dollars

1993:

 Northeast: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 410,208 681,010 1,091,218

 Connecticut 1,999 7,244 2,782 20,981 N.A. 40,881 67,000 107,881

 Maine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 21,000 21,000

 Massachusetts 7,997 8,765 1,599 21,510 N.A. 54,436 69,000 123,436

 New Hampshire N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 35,700 35,700

 New Jersey 7,642 24,677 4,899 34,397 N.A. 81,200 128,310 209,510

 New York 14,240 29,139 3,258 65,029 N.A. 127,806 85,000 212,806

 Pennsylvania 8,023 28,343 5,248 43,050 71 105,885 210,000 315,885

 Rhode Island N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 41,500 41,500

 Vermont N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 23,500 23,500

 North Central: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 605,318 984,774 1,590,092

 Illinois 4,282 19,970 2,473 32,739 N.A. 68,314 150,000 218,314

 Indiana 11,765 6,989 2,198 15,764 N.A. 43,691 27,700 71,391

 Iowa 316 9,493 2,035 16,469 N.A. 33,458 14,855 48,313

 Kansas 39 6,546 1,978 12,057 N.A. 22,420 8,000 30,420

 Michigan 10,880 22,918 3,072 95,924 30 145,574 224,000 369,574

 Minnesota 7,336 10,864 964 24,888 N.A. 50,052 60,000 110,052

 Missouri 738 10,474 2,424 18,884 4 38,014 26,500 64,514

 Nebraska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 15,100 15,100

 North Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 27,000 27,000

 Ohio 6,922 35,446 9,518 83,918 53 148,982 318,569 467,551

 South Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 14,050 14,050

 Wisconsin 1,798 12,177 828 31,865 N.A. 54,813 99,000 153,813

 South: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,117,947 2,729,630 3,847,577

 Alabama 568 20,545 2,252 27,851 N.A. 55,986 145,000 200,986

 Arkansas N.A. 1,983 578 6,585 N.A. 11,936 12,000 23,936

 Delaware N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 27,523 27,523

 Florida 26,167 91,435 224,803 80,257 98,063 542,655 475,000 1,017,655

 Georgia 201 10,627 2,597 25,478 15 44,933 100,000 144,933

 Kentucky 1,180 5,262 511 10,274 N.A. 22,357 27,800 50,157

 Louisiana N.A. 3,932 3,864 10,087 N.A. 20,913 8,313 29,226

 Maryland 534 9,731 391 19,586 N.A. 34,217 195,500 229,717

 Mississippi 73 3,013 436 4,604 8 9,349 23,000 32,349

 North Carolina 1,317 31,646 8,046 39,109 N.A. 85,113 710,000 795,113

 Oklahoma 26 4,197 1,182 6,906 N.A. 15,356 155,000 170,356

 South Carolina 3 4,808 679 7,180 N.A. 15,745 112,000 127,745

 Tennessee 807 10,205 1,053 13,201 N.A. 30,396 123,843 154,239

 Texas 198 42,214 23,900 101,834 920 181,171 525,829 707,000

 Virginia 2,341 16,675 1,863 21,920 11 47,820 75,822 123,642

 West Virginia N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 13,000 13,000

 West: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 939,653 1,913,671 2,853,324

 Alaska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 10,135 10,135

 Arizona 1,277 1,402 2,905 14,750 N.A. 21,354 37,900 59,254

 California 245,452 132,461 77,040 155,755 12,421 639,404 1,263,206 1,902,610

 Colorado 19,762 6,423 1,471 28,114 N.A. 58,515 40,000 98,515

 Hawaii 16,085 8,475 13,384 1,823 591 48,893 20,620 69,513

 Idaho N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 49,068 49,068

 Montana N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 10,000 10,000

 Nevada N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 6,200 6,200

 New Mexico 221 13,013 1,270 3,537 N.A. 19,181 18,000 37,181

 Oregon 7,629 18,371 796 23,994 3,792 60,042 292,417 352,459

 Utah 3,479 4,963 2,661 9,666 N.A. 23,499 12,000 35,499

 Washington 12,614 8,920 2,091 40,025 N.A. 68,765 151,325 220,090

 Wyoming N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 2,800 2,800

United States 423,911 683,346 417,049 1,170,011 115,979 3,073,126 6,309,085 9,382,211

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 15

Table 5--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Grower cash receipts, by subsector, region and State, 1991-98 --Continued

Commercial floriculture in major States Expanded

 Year, Potted Bedding & Cut floriculture Environmental Total 

 region, Cut flowering Foliage garden cultivated wholesale horticulture greenhouse

 and State flowers 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ greens 1/ value 2/ crops 3/ and nursery 4/

1,000 dollars

1994:

 Northeast: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 420,032 732,329 1,152,361

 Connecticut 1,421 7,343 2,439 22,974 N.A. 41,542 70,000 111,542

 Maine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 22,000 22,000

 Massachusetts 5,800 10,186 1,257 23,602 N.A. 53,940 72,000 125,940

 New Hampshire N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 41,750 41,750

 New Jersey 8,978 27,052 5,368 39,760 N.A. 90,998 166,079 257,077

 New York 8,023 33,190 2,451 66,093 N.A. 125,237 90,000 215,237

 Pennsylvania 6,657 26,900 5,154 48,184 N.A. 108,315 205,000 313,315

 Rhode Island N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 41,750 41,750

 Vermont N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 23,750 23,750

 North Central: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 650,873 1,011,863 1,662,736

 Illinois 2,130 23,613 1,233 44,345 N.A. 79,432 150,000 229,432

 Indiana 12,364 5,938 1,885 15,593 N.A. 43,190 29,600 72,790

 Iowa 214 10,547 1,415 20,106 N.A. 36,977 17,553 54,530

 Kansas 35 6,760 2,454 13,122 N.A. 24,246 8,500 32,746

 Michigan 10,839 24,459 3,587 117,140 0 168,385 230,000 398,385

 Minnesota 6,068 10,938 1,388 26,885 N.A. 51,414 70,000 121,414

 Missouri 701 10,379 2,350 17,582 1 37,613 27,000 64,613

 Nebraska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 16,400 16,400

 North Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 27,000 27,000

 Ohio 6,588 34,600 9,160 91,564 16 155,338 319,200 474,538

 South Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 17,610 17,610

 Wisconsin 2,445 12,182 684 31,149 3 54,278 99,000 153,278

 South: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,167,874 2,830,655 3,998,529

 Alabama 547 12,841 2,209 29,715 70 49,717 130,000 179,717

 Arkansas N.A. 2,190 246 6,732 N.A. 12,348 13,000 25,348

 Delaware N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 27,665 27,665

 Florida 34,397 78,187 296,058 76,569 97,610 600,986 480,000 1,080,986

 Georgia 201 8,843 3,175 29,111 0 47,540 125,000 172,540

 Kentucky 784 5,637 646 10,809 N.A. 21,986 29,700 51,686

 Louisiana N.A. 3,670 2,761 10,153 N.A. 19,284 9,123 28,407

 Maryland 649 6,809 497 20,183 N.A. 31,753 193,500 225,253

 Mississippi 107 1,867 435 3,482 N.A. 7,031 25,000 32,031

 North Carolina 1,297 28,230 5,816 41,019 N.A. 81,222 770,000 851,222

 Oklahoma 5 3,633 1,133 7,456 N.A. 15,977 150,000 165,977

 South Carolina 1,126 4,625 818 10,956 333 21,998 123,000 144,998

 Tennessee 722 10,826 861 14,105 N.A. 31,629 119,400 151,029

 Texas 194 31,492 23,693 110,495 804 174,733 546,267 721,000

 Virginia 2,665 18,399 1,846 24,535 10 51,670 75,800 127,470

 West Virginia N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 13,200 13,200

 West: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,008,133 2,000,223 3,008,356

 Alaska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 10,638 10,638

 Arizona 1,402 1,160 2,883 16,504 7 22,796 40,400 63,196

 California 263,238 137,055 86,634 182,480 16,231 701,448 1,285,002 1,986,450

 Colorado 18,896 6,988 1,501 24,115 N.A. 54,950 60,000 114,950

 Hawaii 14,794 8,923 11,639 1,412 363 46,281 20,724 67,005

 Idaho N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 37,943 37,943

 Montana N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 15,000 15,000

 Nevada N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 7,200 7,200

 New Mexico 5,881 11,780 1,503 2,763 N.A. 23,232 18,000 41,232

 Oregon 8,470 18,890 787 28,635 3,788 66,135 318,865 385,000

 Utah 3,036 7,468 1,707 10,049 N.A. 24,795 12,047 36,842

 Washington 11,623 8,890 1,633 40,710 N.A. 68,496 171,504 240,000

 Wyoming N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 2,900 2,900

United States 442,297 662,490 489,306 1,280,087 119,247 3,246,912 6,575,070 9,821,982

See footnotes at end of table.
16 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 5--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Grower cash receipts, by subsector, region and State, 1991-98 --Continued

Commercial floriculture in major States Expanded

 Year, Potted Bedding & Cut floriculture Environmental Total 

 region, Cut flowering Foliage garden cultivated wholesale horticulture greenhouse

 and State flowers 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ greens 1/ value 2/ crops 3/ and nursery 4/

1,000 dollars

1995:

 Northeast: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 456,443 721,698 1,178,141

 Connecticut 1,611 6,728 2,798 27,419 N.A. 46,251 72,000 118,251

 Maine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 25,000 25,000

 Massachusetts 6,645 11,491 3,531 36,130 N.A. 72,422 74,000 146,422

 New Hampshire N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 39,000 39,000

 New Jersey 14,971 26,777 4,634 40,810 N.A. 96,898 157,698 254,596

 New York 7,612 31,944 2,165 68,511 N.A. 126,192 88,000 214,192

 Pennsylvania 7,036 26,640 3,665 57,119 N.A. 114,680 200,000 314,680

 Rhode Island N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 42,000 42,000

 Vermont N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 24,000 24,000

 North Central: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 659,540 1,039,018 1,698,558

 Illinois 1,967 22,413 2,691 35,575 0 70,506 150,000 220,506

 Indiana 3,490 6,596 2,586 15,555 N.A. 36,387 30,800 67,187

 Iowa 219 11,435 1,583 22,084 N.A. 39,401 17,988 57,389

 Kansas 72 6,181 2,301 14,780 N.A. 24,909 8,800 33,709

 Michigan 10,205 26,177 3,767 131,171 0 184,625 240,000 424,625

 Minnesota 5,506 12,411 1,318 28,233 N.A. 54,578 75,000 129,578

 Missouri 615 10,685 2,097 17,626 0 36,483 27,700 64,183

 Nebraska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 17,800 17,800

 North Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 27,000 27,000

 Ohio 4,939 35,965 9,946 92,450 4 155,499 326,400 481,899

 South Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 18,530 18,530

 Wisconsin 2,898 11,163 978 33,889 4 57,152 99,000 156,152

 South: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,208,572 2,944,571 4,153,143

 Alabama 450 12,863 1,716 29,573 30 49,162 130,000 179,162

 Arkansas 6 2,203 309 4,393 N.A. 6,947 14,000 20,947

 Delaware N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 27,850 27,850

 Florida 26,695 80,148 309,121 105,721 90,538 629,773 480,000 1,109,773

 Georgia 200 10,064 2,429 35,962 0 54,250 135,000 189,250

 Kentucky 351 5,001 482 11,435 N.A. 21,679 28,535 50,214

 Louisiana 235 3,187 2,755 8,412 N.A. 17,034 10,220 27,254

 Maryland 603 6,514 317 21,331 N.A. 32,321 199,000 231,321

 Mississippi 177 2,394 233 4,632 N.A. 9,536 27,000 36,536

 North Carolina 1,344 32,767 4,461 38,515 N.A. 82,112 775,000 857,112

 Oklahoma 2 2,780 874 6,886 N.A. 13,932 150,000 163,932

 South Carolina 1,124 4,877 1,422 14,112 0 25,060 130,000 155,060

 Tennessee 768 11,688 1,205 16,714 N.A. 34,545 136,000 170,545

 Texas 217 41,127 22,093 106,091 866 179,934 612,066 792,000

 Virginia 2,513 16,881 1,739 26,840 9 52,287 76,500 128,787

 West Virginia N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 13,400 13,400

 West: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,001,857 2,260,526 3,262,383

 Alaska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 11,140 11,140

 Arizona 1,458 738 1,597 7,548 36 12,061 43,700 55,761

 California 262,385 130,078 86,396 177,623 16,866 690,928 1,467,580 2,158,508

 Colorado 16,782 10,086 1,920 30,766 N.A. 63,818 80,000 143,818

 Hawaii 13,709 9,771 10,035 1,868 95 45,213 22,962 68,175

 Idaho N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 42,609 42,609

 Montana N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 17,000 17,000

 Nevada N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 11,500 11,500

 New Mexico 3,003 11,925 1,530 3,206 N.A. 21,062 20,000 41,062

 Oregon 9,283 18,034 784 29,010 4,667 67,283 357,222 424,505

 Utah 2,811 8,581 2,033 12,780 N.A. 28,305 12,000 40,305

 Washington 11,728 12,794 1,458 42,197 N.A. 73,187 171,813 245,000

 Wyoming N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 3,000 3,000

United States 423,630 681,107 498,969 1,356,967 113,124 3,326,412 6,965,813 10,292,225

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 17

Table 5--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Grower cash receipts, by subsector, region and State, 1991-98 --Continued

Commercial floriculture in major States Expanded

 Year, Potted Bedding & Cut floriculture Environmental Total 

 region, Cut flowering Foliage garden cultivated wholesale horticulture greenhouse

 and State flowers 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ greens 1/ value 2/ crops 3/ and nursery 4/

1,000 dollars

1996:

 Northeast: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 454,178 728,424 1,182,602

 Connecticut 1,742 7,166 2,346 31,439 N.A. 49,473 74,000 123,473

 Maine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 25,100 25,100

 Massachusetts 6,030 11,765 3,310 35,655 N.A. 69,810 76,000 145,810

 New Hampshire N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 40,000 40,000

 New Jersey 12,061 25,116 5,925 42,462 N.A. 94,685 154,824 249,509

 New York 6,837 24,234 1,636 60,294 N.A. 108,623 92,000 200,623

 Pennsylvania 6,613 27,798 7,052 65,569 N.A. 131,587 200,000 331,587

 Rhode Island N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 42,250 42,250

 Vermont N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 24,250 24,250

 North Central: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 652,162 1,056,349 1,708,511

 Illinois 1,643 19,553 1,593 38,673 0 68,572 150,000 218,572

 Indiana 3,818 6,179 1,350 15,599 N.A. 34,836 37,200 72,036

 Iowa 256 11,175 1,363 21,939 N.A. 39,743 24,539 64,282

 Kansas 16 6,582 1,201 12,953 N.A. 22,372 9,240 31,612

 Michigan 10,388 27,442 3,712 131,250 11 185,253 230,000 415,253

 Minnesota 6,560 11,514 1,212 28,796 N.A. 54,322 81,000 135,322

 Missouri 518 9,547 2,765 16,875 0 34,865 34,500 69,365

 Nebraska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 19,400 19,400

 North Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 9,000 9,000

 Ohio 4,982 33,122 9,599 92,810 0 154,718 357,930 512,648

 South Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 20,540 20,540

 Wisconsin 2,915 11,480 905 34,122 4 57,481 83,000 140,481

 South: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,295,606 3,165,044 4,460,650

 Alabama 450 13,308 1,448 37,328 30 56,434 134,000 190,434

 Arkansas 25 2,257 225 5,006 N.A. 9,754 15,000 24,754

 Delaware N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 27,895 27,895

 Florida 27,285 78,164 329,580 127,300 96,668 676,727 575,000 1,251,727

 Georgia 322 10,913 2,191 36,745 0 55,061 140,000 195,061

 Kentucky 331 4,062 576 12,008 N.A. 21,462 30,500 51,962

 Louisiana 155 3,492 2,270 11,664 N.A. 20,071 11,398 31,469

 Maryland 449 5,754 196 21,534 N.A. 30,909 199,500 230,409

 Mississippi 184 2,831 327 5,143 N.A. 10,750 29,000 39,750

 North Carolina 1,875 35,173 6,892 45,533 N.A. 95,804 800,000 895,804

 Oklahoma 2 2,426 965 6,563 N.A. 13,106 150,000 163,106

 South Carolina 1,100 8,859 748 12,086 0 25,478 135,000 160,478

 Tennessee 623 11,766 1,210 16,800 N.A. 35,184 152,952 188,136

 Texas 215 39,054 22,614 113,463 931 183,852 673,699 857,551

 Virginia 2,496 22,501 1,756 29,922 34 61,014 75,100 136,114

 West Virginia N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 16,000 16,000

 West: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,005,374 2,461,623 3,466,997

 Alaska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 12,087 12,087

 Arizona 2,000 1,062 1,005 18,270 0 22,787 45,170 67,957

 California 254,661 139,512 72,514 168,197 16,671 671,070 1,610,257 2,281,327

 Colorado 17,268 11,531 1,378 33,208 N.A. 67,726 100,000 167,726

 Hawaii 13,661 12,060 13,067 2,300 164 50,687 18,183 68,870

 Idaho N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 48,093 48,093

 Montana N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 19,000 19,000

 Nevada N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 13,500 13,500

 New Mexico 2,996 13,081 1,404 2,482 N.A. 21,208 22,000 43,208

 Oregon 8,880 17,731 714 37,295 3,578 73,958 381,685 455,643

 Utah 1,865 7,326 2,386 12,532 N.A. 26,486 15,000 41,486

 Washington 11,478 8,804 1,512 44,318 N.A. 71,452 173,548 245,000

 Wyoming N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 3,100 3,100

United States 412,700 684,340 508,947 1,428,133 118,185 3,407,320 7,411,440 10,818,760

See footnotes at end of table.
18 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 5--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Grower cash receipts, by subsector, region and State, 1991-98 --Continued

Commercial floriculture in major States Expanded

 Year, Potted Bedding & Cut floriculture Environmental Total 

 region, Cut flowering Foliage garden cultivated wholesale horticulture greenhouse

 and State flowers 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ greens 1/ value 2/ crops 3/ and nursery 4/

1,000 dollars

1997:

 Northeast: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 551,681 765,476 1,317,157

 Connecticut 1,630 6,369 1,071 43,084 N.A. 59,939 74,500 134,439

 Maine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 26,800 26,800

 Massachusetts 5,200 9,311 3,726 41,740 N.A. 75,367 79,000 154,367

 New Hampshire N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 43,500 43,500

 New Jersey 11,916 26,513 6,722 61,814 N.A. 120,100 164,676 284,776

 New York 6,125 37,106 1,919 76,962 N.A. 147,494 100,000 247,494

 Pennsylvania 6,317 31,146 4,123 81,560 N.A. 148,781 210,000 358,781

 Rhode Island N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 42,500 42,500

 Vermont N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 24,500 24,500

 North Central: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 778,715 1,055,901 1,834,616

 Illinois 3,625 29,640 1,384 59,991 0 105,200 150,000 255,200

 Indiana 4,006 5,880 1,884 19,010 N.A. 41,445 42,600 84,045

 Iowa 140 10,859 1,359 25,135 N.A. 42,308 19,850 62,158

 Kansas 15 6,316 1,598 16,460 N.A. 27,134 9,700 36,834

 Michigan 11,514 26,477 3,313 153,877 48 211,384 240,000 451,384

 Minnesota 7,057 12,305 1,338 36,399 N.A. 65,889 81,000 146,889

 Missouri 321 10,948 2,103 21,571 0 42,173 35,200 77,373

 Nebraska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 21,000 21,000

 North Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 9,500 9,500

 Ohio 4,066 33,159 8,342 111,704 2 177,073 354,530 531,603

 South Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 21,621 21,621

 Wisconsin 2,736 10,868 611 41,429 40 66,109 70,900 137,009

 South: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,382,494 3,439,072 4,821,566

 Alabama 487 9,485 1,658 56,947 0 72,942 135,000 207,942

 Arkansas 8 3,824 286 11,514 N.A. 17,738 16,000 33,738

 Delaware N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 27,945 27,945

 Florida 29,241 85,519 305,603 113,675 93,771 656,234 607,000 1,263,234

 Georgia 150 10,591 1,770 41,657 0 60,828 165,000 225,828

 Kentucky 319 4,742 1,712 16,495 N.A. 28,543 35,400 63,943

 Louisiana 179 3,327 2,969 12,107 N.A. 21,807 12,173 33,980

 Maryland 1,719 6,403 1,073 24,666 N.A. 37,002 201,000 238,002

 Mississippi 254 3,763 488 12,133 N.A. 19,968 30,000 49,968

 North Carolina 2,323 37,188 6,272 56,578 N.A. 114,524 820,000 934,524

 Oklahoma 0 3,178 382 7,811 N.A. 16,071 150,000 166,071

 South Carolina 3,864 6,908 1,348 24,241 4 39,065 140,000 179,065

 Tennessee 558 12,386 1,425 24,834 N.A. 45,683 146,432 192,115

 Texas 290 34,597 24,314 111,683 710 181,254 861,572 1,042,826

 Virginia 1,948 21,318 3,576 37,633 0 70,835 74,350 145,185

 West Virginia N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 17,200 17,200

 West: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,183,160 2,684,894 3,868,054

 Alaska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 13,099 13,099

 Arizona 1,698 2,505 2,429 24,538 0 32,235 46,890 79,125

 California 307,557 144,701 86,811 211,549 16,548 792,321 1,757,878 2,550,199

 Colorado 12,932 10,818 979 41,380 N.A. 71,290 120,000 191,290

 Hawaii 15,622 12,846 11,160 2,080 145 51,993 18,798 70,791

 Idaho N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 54,550 54,550

 Montana N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 20,000 20,000

 Nevada N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 15,600 15,600

 New Mexico 4,800 13,685 2,058 3,556 N.A. 25,779 25,000 50,779

 Oregon 10,499 18,602 687 45,986 4,693 88,732 418,477 507,209

 Utah 708 10,121 1,512 13,644 N.A. 28,190 15,502 43,692

 Washington 11,745 9,465 1,959 61,516 N.A. 92,620 175,000 267,620

 Wyoming N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 4,100 4,100

United States 471,569 722,869 499,964 1,746,959 116,184 3,896,050 7,945,343 11,841,393

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 19

Table 5--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Grower cash receipts, by subsector, region and State, 1991-98 --Continued

Commercial floriculture in major States Expanded

 Year, Potted Bedding & Cut floriculture Environmental Total 

 region, Cut flowering Foliage garden cultivated wholesale horticulture greenhouse

 and State flowers 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ plants 1/ greens 1/ value 2/ crops 3/ and nursery 4/

1,000 dollars

1998:

 Northeast: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 548,996 794,996 1,343,992

 Connecticut 1,617 7,298 663 47,701 N.A. 65,064 76,000 141,064

 Maine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 29,000 29,000

 Massachusetts 4,450 9,002 3,611 39,827 N.A. 70,960 80,000 150,960

 New Hampshire N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 44,000 44,000

 New Jersey 8,959 25,943 7,699 64,159 N.A. 121,395 177,996 299,391

 New York 6,462 40,537 1,493 84,856 N.A. 159,458 105,000 264,458

 Pennsylvania 4,858 34,370 4,506 63,005 N.A. 132,119 215,000 347,119

 Rhode Island N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 43,000 43,000

 Vermont N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 25,000 25,000

 North Central: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 781,219 1,095,361 1,876,580

 Illinois 2,831 19,073 1,486 56,766 0 89,576 150,000 239,576

 Indiana 2,927 5,904 2,354 19,296 N.A. 39,511 52,000 91,511

 Iowa 91 10,025 2,305 24,748 N.A. 42,194 20,010 62,204

 Kansas 10 7,266 1,364 17,311 N.A. 29,176 9,699 38,875

 Michigan 10,022 28,564 3,056 172,615 66 235,323 240,000 475,323

 Minnesota 6,374 12,366 1,088 40,033 N.A. 68,501 83,000 151,501

 Missouri 551 11,397 1,959 20,876 52 43,610 36,000 79,610

 Nebraska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 21,000 21,000

 North Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 10,000 10,000

 Ohio 3,211 25,935 3,081 119,855 0 172,197 371,700 543,897

 South Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 22,702 22,702

 Wisconsin 2,780 10,608 313 36,069 36 61,131 79,250 140,381

 South: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,418,328 3,572,495 4,990,823

 Alabama 640 9,849 2,226 57,318 0 75,343 135,000 210,343

 Arkansas 8 1,573 365 16,294 N.A. 20,985 17,000 37,985

 Delaware N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 28,700 28,700

 Florida 27,398 77,123 315,598 101,417 98,279 653,700 625,000 1,278,700

 Georgia 1 8,271 1,274 48,080 0 66,356 175,000 241,356

 Kentucky 283 4,864 1,384 15,399 N.A. 28,367 38,840 67,207

 Louisiana 91 3,098 2,033 10,989 N.A. 19,526 15,927 35,453

 Maryland 1,298 6,230 694 36,548 N.A. 50,486 210,550 261,036

 Mississippi 106 3,671 357 7,767 N.A. 14,841 30,000 44,841

 North Carolina 1,979 32,329 7,816 68,128 N.A. 122,552 835,000 957,552

 Oklahoma 0 2,753 213 10,342 N.A. 18,336 150,000 168,336

 South Carolina 3,159 7,108 848 21,839 32 38,101 145,000 183,101

 Tennessee 465 12,062 1,068 25,806 N.A. 45,836 146,432 192,268

 Texas 431 36,591 19,030 124,271 686 193,414 926,246 1,119,660

 Virginia 1,588 21,047 2,213 37,273 24 70,485 75,800 146,285

 West Virginia N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 18,000 18,000

 West: N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,185,335 2,718,156 3,903,491

 Alaska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 13,106 13,106

 Arizona 1,397 3,158 1,625 33,087 0 40,797 48,270 89,067

 California 266,683 146,288 90,375 216,671 19,754 768,541 1,700,000 2,468,541

 Colorado 11,330 9,208 1,789 44,467 N.A. 71,624 130,000 201,624

 Hawaii 14,531 13,368 11,380 1,803 152 53,879 20,000 73,879

 Idaho N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 61,682 61,682

 Montana N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 21,000 21,000

 Nevada N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 16,200 16,200

 New Mexico 5,461 15,404 3,783 3,146 N.A. 28,904 33,000 61,904

 Oregon 10,364 19,292 1,443 47,194 6,240 93,878 485,196 579,074

 Utah 153 9,399 822 15,495 N.A. 28,794 15,502 44,296

 Washington 16,434 9,653 2,089 62,177 N.A. 98,918 170,000 268,918

 Wyoming N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 4,200 4,200

United States 418,943 700,627 503,403 1,812,628 125,587 3,933,878 8,181,008 12,114,886

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Includes only growers with $100,000 or more in floriculture sales since 1992. 2/ Includes 36 States and growers with $10,000 

or more in floriculture sales since 1992; 28 States prior to 1992. 3/ Includes all other greenhouse crops (except vegetables), nursery crops, and turgrass

(sod), except seeds. 4/ Includes the value of expanded floriculture sales and the value of all other ornamental or environmental horticulture crops. 

Sources: Economic Research Service, USDA and National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.
20 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 6--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Farms, acreage, and sales, by subsector, 1959-97

 Subsector Census Under glass or other protection In the open Total sales

year Farms Total Per farm Farms Total Per farm Farms Value Per farm

Number --Square feet-- Number --Acres-- Number $1,000 Dollars

Greenhouse and

 nursery crops

 grown for sale: 1/ 1978 N.A. 564,542,585 N.A. N.A. 404,404 N.A. 34,650 2,835,732 81,839

1982 21,181 637,388,163 30,092 21,210 451,607 21.29 35,507 3,821,196 107,618

1987 21,055 761,998,452 36,191 23,769 578,956 24.36 37,298 5,774,391 154,818

1992 25,598 883,935,463 34,531 31,856 699,579 21.96 47,425 7,634,924 160,989

1997 27,431 1,027,391,958 37,454 51,282 1,234,510 24.07 67,816 10,942,816 161,360

Nursery crops: 1959 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 174,033 N.A. 17,083 198,901 11,643

1964 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 161,213 N.A. 10,797 233,005 21,581

1969 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 145,948 N.A. 6,435 280,411 43,576

1974 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 182,628 N.A. 9,342 506,462 54,213

1978 N.A. 50,751,520 N.A. N.A. 183,624 N.A. 11,322 779,729 68,868

1982 3,469 72,156,844 20,800 12,223 205,382 16.80 13,217 1,155,422 87,419

1987 4,120 110,846,905 26,905 14,217 260,656 18.33 15,352 1,991,009 129,691

1992 5,218 127,742,863 24,481 18,381 331,462 18.03 19,930 2,618,311 131,375

1997 4,371 135,803,501 31,069 17,441 349,420 20.03 18,860 3,382,161 179,330

Sod harvested: 1/ 1969 n/a. n/a n/a 924 59,116 63.98 924 48,249 52,218

1974 n/a. n/a n/a 1,228 85,164 69.35 1,228 97,159 79,120

1978 n/a. n/a n/a 1,376 119,419 86.79 1,376 173,724 126,253

1982 n/a. n/a n/a 1,430 124,588 87.12 1,430 210,510 147,210

1987 n/a. n/a n/a 1,427 184,070 128.99 1,427 391,635 274,446

1992 n/a. n/a n/a 1,614 218,161 135.17 1,614 471,640 292,218

1997 n/a. n/a n/a 1,784 302,930 169.80 1,784 800,694 448,820

Bulbs: 1/ 1969 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 7,025 N.A. 490 10,920 22,286

1974 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 8,410 N.A. 511 18,236 35,687

1978 N.A. 4,421,985 N.A. N.A. 7,035 N.A. 1,190 31,193 26,213

1982 N.A. 4,129,490 N.A. N.A. 7,044 N.A. 1,050 35,413 33,727

1987 N.A. 2,816,988 N.A. N.A. 6,375 N.A. 559 32,957 58,957

1992 N.A. 1,004,474 N.A. N.A. 8,428 N.A. 993 52,497 52,867

1997 N.A. 3,749,931 N.A. N.A. 8,837 N.A. 1,104 73,810 66,857

Floriculture crops--bedding

 plants, cut flowers/greens,

 foliage and potted

 flowering plants, total: 1/ 1992 19,257 665,853,141 34,577 11,047 61,106 5.53 25,477 3,482,782 136,703

1997 20,534 771,908,199 37,592 13,220 70,452 5.33 27,832 4,881,063 175,376

Cut flowers, cut greens,

 potted plants, bedding

 plants, or other

 florist plants: 1/ 1959 16,226 203,313,124 12,530 10,260 43,599 4.25 22,219 329,612 14,835

1964 13,810 212,023,489 15,353 7,431 31,156 4.19 21,409 349,022 16,303

Bedding plants: 1/ 1978 N.A. 90,504,026 N.A. N.A. 12,589 N.A. 10,814 284,939 26,349

1982 10,260 117,428,316 11,445 1,706 12,709 7.45 10,959 477,188 43,543

1987 10,314 157,172,776 15,239 2,186 13,316 6.09 11,148 817,961 73,373

1992 13,541 228,235,819 16,855 3,541 13,816 3.90 14,872 1,391,175 93,543

1997 15,491 307,696,181 19,863 6,531 20,085 3.08 18,393 2,392,495 130,076

Cut flowers and

 cut florist greens: 1/ 1978 N.A. 129,880,880 N.A. N.A. 20,846 N.A. 4,698 351,965 74,918

1982 2,503 127,121,179 50,788 2,351 21,336 9.08 4,325 417,695 96,577

1987 2,213 131,259,189 59,313 2,937 26,956 9.18 4,561 594,478 130,339

1992 2,301 137,462,732 59,740 4,571 32,258 7.06 6,065 645,104 106,365

1997 1,706 149,650,921 87,720 4,325 36,394 8.41 5,381 717,612 133,360

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 21

Table 6--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Farms, acreage, and sales, by subsector, 1959-97--Continued

 Subsector Census Under glass or other protection In the open Total sales

year Farms Total Per farm Farms Total Per farm Farms Value Per farm

Number --Square feet-- Number --Acres-- Number $1,000 Dollars

Foliage and potted 

 flowering plants: 1/ 1978 N.A. 195,307,753 N.A. N.A. 15,784 N.A. 11,909 804,432 67,548

1982 8,694 223,171,600 25,670 3,770 16,730 4.44 10,916 983,011 90,052

1987 8,323 269,442,699 32,373 3,252 15,968 4.91 10,118 1,251,415 123,682

1992 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

1997 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

Foliage plants: 1/ 1987 4,081 151,991,947 37,244 1,866 11,665 6.25 5,155 603,174 117,008

1992 3,965 150,996,176 38,082 2,177 10,418 4.79 5,383 623,256 115,782

1997 3,281 159,262,590 48,541 1,715 9,677 5.64 4,349 703,232 161,700

Potted flowering 

 plants: 1/ 1987 5,522 117,450,752 21,270 1,565 4,302 2.75 6,405 648,240 101,208

1992 6,371 139,158,414 21,842 2,026 4,614 2.28 7,475 823,246 110,133

1997 6,062 155,298,507 25,618 2,176 4,385 2.02 7,390 1,067,724 144,482

Flower and vegetable 

 seeds: 1/ 1978 N.A. 1,785,633 N.A. N.A. 43,317 N.A. 1,202 47,845 39,804

1982 N.A. 1,253,964 N.A. N.A. 63,202 N.A. 1,430 63,680 44,531

1987 N.A. 2,061,983 N.A. N.A. 71,055 N.A. 1,398 78,554 56,190

1992 689 3,552,729 5,156 1,760 78,296 44.49 2,307 107,171 46,455

1997 592 3,004,025 5,074 1,332 74,526 55.95 1,785 124,099 69,523

Flower and vegetable 

 seeds and plants: 1/ 1964 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 59,887 N.A. 7,132 105,382 14,776

1969 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 38,774 N.A. 3,098 45,085 14,553

1974 N.A. 20,351,475 N.A. N.A. 49,113 N.A. 3,749 87,162 23,249

Vegetables grown under

 protection, seeds,

 bulbs, and vegetable

 plants: 1/ 1959 7,239 81,561,833 11,267 3,764 44,821 11.91 10,405 86,906 8,352

1964 7,913 90,172,427 11,395 3,668 60,916 16.61 10,855 107,150 9,871

Greenhouse 

 vegetables: 1/ 1969 N.A. 44,898,029 N.A. n/a n/a n/a 1,911 24,706 12,928

1974 N.A. 37,245,421 N.A. n/a n/a n/a 2,462 31,693 12,873

1978 N.A. 25,065,487 N.A. n/a n/a n/a 1,431 31,103 21,735

1982 N.A. 20,773,674 N.A. n/a n/a n/a 1,222 32,552 26,638

1987 N.A. 20,216,547 N.A. n/a n/a n/a 1,132 51,441 45,443

1992 1,865 28,486,757 15,274 n/a n/a n/a 1,865 91,089 48,841

1997 2,511 38,605,409 15,375 n/a n/a n/a 2,511 217,317 86,546

Cut Christmas trees 1997 n/a. n/a n/a 17,234 136,099 n/a 17,234 441,604 25,624

harvested 1/

Mushrooms 1/ 1992 420 63,631,031 151,502 n/a n/a n/a 420 769,654 1,832,510

1997 486 60,837,916 125,181 n/a n/a n/a 487 858,851 1,763,554

Other greenhouse and

 nursery products: 1/ 1978 N.A. 1,860,836 N.A. N.A. 1,427 N.A. 693 7,815 11,277

1982 N.A. 562,620 N.A. N.A. 617 N.A. 172 3,353 19,494

1987 N.A. 1,460,303 N.A. N.A. 564 N.A. 344 20,528 59,674

1992 N.A. 3,664,468 N.A. N.A. 2,126 N.A. 1,134 41,782 36,845

1997 N.A. 13,482,977 N.A. N.A. 292,156 N.A. 13,481 163,218 12,107

 N.A. = Not available.

 n/a = Not applicable.

 1/ For years not listed, data not available.

Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
22 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 7--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992 1/

1997 1992

Region Area under Acreage Area under Acreage

and Farms glass or other in the Sales Farms glass or other in the Sales 

State protection open protection open 2/

Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Number Square feet Acres $1,000

Northeast: 15,043 148,884,974 183,801 1,633,379 9,014 138,781,485 81,311 1,220,685

 Connecticut 1,133 9,586,493 12,844 172,371 638 10,767,618 7,319 126,581

 Maine 926 3,152,467 7,116 29,852 568 2,729,865 1,597 20,823

 Massachusetts 1,375 12,441,420 6,891 128,192 920 10,858,949 3,834 88,018

 New Hampshire 619 4,667,770 3,273 44,957 322 2,859,198 934 24,069

 New Jersey 2,826 27,896,482 35,357 277,957 1,772 24,965,970 22,686 181,526

 New York 3,346 28,781,141 47,461 290,722 2,069 24,991,509 18,217 218,241

 Pennsylvania 3,877 58,820,856 59,803 639,778 2,260 59,103,718 22,158 532,465

 Rhode Island 276 1,801,997 5,014 30,962 158 1,178,233 3,806 19,501

 Vermont 665 1,736,348 6,042 18,588 307 1,326,425 760 9,461

Northcentral: 15,439 180,547,400 321,303 1,865,691 9,652 144,948,070 147,918 1,303,604

 Illinois 1,665 23,559,992 40,732 299,936 1,036 16,134,768 30,655 221,264

 Indiana 1,195 10,882,379 16,224 110,877 824 11,413,450 9,114 96,016

 Iowa 819 7,590,138 9,737 73,208 518 5,855,432 5,749 57,854

 Kansas 528 5,658,378 5,240 49,302 318 4,439,406 5,225 32,536

 Michigan 3,548 55,853,413 94,007 478,448 1,928 37,811,903 29,517 309,521

 Minnesota 1,242 11,453,686 32,993 153,313 844 10,461,033 19,226 107,207

 Missouri 1,062 7,044,621 13,657 89,056 701 7,472,807 7,329 63,392

 Nebraska 346 1,700,792 5,311 21,791 234 1,659,781 2,806 15,172

 North Dakota 123 913,220 694 8,673 117 625,584 863 6,772

 Ohio 2,812 42,378,694 41,497 402,118 2,032 38,976,432 22,677 288,731

 South Dakota 122 1,475,765 2,862 21,621 88 1,330,644 1,016 13,551

 Wisconsin 1,977 12,036,322 58,349 157,348 1,012 8,766,830 13,741 91,588

South: 22,068 405,647,211 420,115 3,633,033 17,727 333,425,485 283,549 2,506,807

 Alabama 849 17,720,527 24,755 178,216 703 19,181,142 17,799 130,774

 Arkansas 401 3,240,635 6,998 27,167 339 3,053,120 3,415 20,749

 Delaware 176 2,072,863 1,520 16,806 117 2,645,748 1,533 21,332

 Florida 5,121 223,439,101 121,352 1,449,951 5,180 180,123,683 100,248 1,024,315

 Georgia 1,287 15,875,391 25,570 219,370 999 10,691,557 16,087 138,874

 Kentucky 1,103 7,886,810 9,320 56,018 792 5,691,557 6,811 41,411

 Louisiana 634 7,055,176 8,277 72,586 547 5,877,551 5,815 44,676

 Maryland 1,009 8,136,526 15,353 120,007 781 8,063,212 11,223 88,610

 Mississippi 476 4,417,615 6,343 35,366 387 4,538,658 2,729 25,455

 North Carolina 3,269 26,335,364 47,537 318,203 2,028 21,979,959 17,454 183,777

 Oklahoma 616 6,236,827 15,080 109,004 436 6,139,863 7,196 96,063

 South Carolina 766 8,449,828 17,486 144,313 597 4,552,738 11,030 81,853

 Tennessee 1,846 13,007,093 41,492 213,365 1,654 10,726,942 32,485 137,076

 Texas 2,286 44,899,237 46,777 486,918 1,876 38,529,569 36,636 358,770

 Virginia 1,671 14,256,467 26,723 166,411 1,019 9,555,429 12,410 100,120

 West Virginia 558 2,617,751 5,532 19,332 272 2,074,757 678 12,952

West: 15,266 292,312,373 309,355 3,810,713 11,032 266,780,423 186,807 2,603,828

 Alaska 77 1,053,170 180 10,017 79 855,676 108 6,639

 Arizona 291 7,853,964 8,298 131,519 270 5,851,123 7,080 65,361

 California 4,988 173,192,317 90,544 2,210,574 3,824 166,728,597 72,272 1,661,762

 Colorado 631 19,925,791 16,856 211,743 473 15,023,465 10,254 119,699

 Hawaii 1,428 22,337,757 3,351 83,159 1,580 25,227,763 3,409 81,495

 Idaho 706 2,318,198 23,660 57,189 537 1,486,536 18,356 31,679

 Montana 362 1,792,164 5,076 20,173 184 1,291,015 970 11,784

 Nevada 46 709,899 1,453 15,629 44 190,623 1,498 8,054

 New Mexico 245 4,688,202 4,068 48,409 218 3,493,711 2,233 29,284

 Oregon 4,195 35,155,115 105,098 676,429 2,309 27,385,404 37,078 364,343

 Utah 324 5,825,277 4,141 70,160 218 4,092,371 3,162 38,724

 Washington 1,909 17,068,520 46,179 271,580 1,241 14,837,534 30,088 182,367

 Wyoming 64 391,999 451 4,132 55 316,605 299 2,637

United States 67,816 1,027,391,958 1,234,510 10,942,816 47,425 883,935,463 699,579 7,634,924

 1/ Includes cut flowers, cut florist greens, bedding plants, foliage and potted flowering plants, bulbs, mushrooms, nursery crops, sod, vegetable and flower 

seeds, greenhouse vegetables, cut Christmas trees, and other greenhouse and nursery products. 2/ Acres may not add due to rounding.

 Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 23

Table 8--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Farms, acreage, and sales, by value of sales, 1997 and 1992

Under glass or

 Subsector Census other protection In the open Total sales

years Farms Square feet Farms Acres Farms Value Per farm

--Numbers-- $1,000 Dollars

Nursery and greenhouse crops

 grown for sale 1997 27,431 1,027,391,958 51,282 1,234,510 67,816 10,942,816 161,360

1992 25,598 883,935,463 31,856 699,579 47,425 7,634,924 160,989

 1997 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 3,427 5,418,111 13,498 95,006 16,058 18,026 1,123

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 5,157 14,251,247 11,774 81,505 15,257 81,642 5,351

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 7,105 48,986,623 11,885 127,595 16,182 330,885 20,448

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 4,339 74,080,879 5,595 115,175 8,113 503,960 62,118

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 2,617 77,683,306 3,048 108,954 4,434 602,382 135,855

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 2,382 138,807,811 2,735 152,487 3,954 1,198,583 303,132

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 1,062 121,968,502 1,240 137,280 1,753 1,193,976 681,104

 $1,000,000 sales or more 1,342 546,195,479 1,507 416,510 2,065 7,013,362 3,396,301

 $1,000,000-$2,499,999 798 182,342,924 965 195,432 1,311 1,955,839 1,491,868

 $2,500,000-$4,999,999 278 119,347,285 296 109,460 407 1,375,425 3,379,423

 $5,000,000 sales or more 266 244,505,270 246 111,618 347 3,682,098 10,611,233

 1992 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 3,644 4,659,820 5,590 7,940 8,351 9,611 1,151

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 5,156 15,874,024 7,525 22,233 10,982 59,265 5,397

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 6,615 50,244,957 8,260 60,815 12,274 250,478 20,407

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 3,799 68,376,134 4,062 68,754 6,196 390,101 62,960

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 2,305 76,680,308 2,269 70,686 3,514 482,260 137,240

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 2,100 130,457,225 2,200 121,441 3,251 987,155 303,647

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 934 121,953,193 967 103,470 1,417 970,285 684,746

 $1,000,000 sales or more 1,045 415,689,802 983 244,239 1,440 4,485,769 3,115,117

 $1,000,000-$2,499,999 650 150,751,157 638 114,868 930 1,394,972 1,499,970

 $2,500,000-$4,999,999 242 121,253,488 216 51,235 320 1,068,247 3,338,272

 $5,000,000 sales or more 153 143,685,157 129 78,135 190 2,022,550 10,645,000

Floriculture crops--bedding plants, cut

 flowers/greens, foliage and potted

 flowering plants, total 1997 20,534 771,908,199 13,220 70,542 27,832 4,881,063 175,376

1992 19,257 665,853,141 11,047 61,106 25,477 3,482,782 136,703

 1997 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 2,695 3,777,430 2,976 1,973 5,070 5,746 1,133

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 3,914 10,508,736 3,151 3,950 6,060 32,530 5,368

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 5,336 37,683,969 2,845 7,665 6,772 137,576 20,315

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 3,290 60,835,551 1,553 7,672 3,884 241,304 62,128

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 1,925 63,420,563 917 6,336 2,232 302,807 135,666

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 1,787 116,752,589 871 9,303 2,042 615,559 301,449

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 745 100,310,294 375 6,210 832 565,556 679,755

 $1,000,000 sales or more 842 378,619,067 532 27,434 940 2,979,985 3,170,197

 $1,000,000-$2,499,999 527 145,113,320 316 8,815 592 869,369 1,468,529

 $2,500,000-$4,999,999 185 99,195,197 122 7,972 204 670,894 3,288,696

 $5,000,000 sales or more 130 134,310,550 94 10,647 144 1,439,722 9,998,069

 1992 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 3,009 3,423,364 2,848 1,935 5,307 5,725 1,079

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 3,993 11,706,540 2,689 3,826 5,789 30,856 5,330

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 4,949 39,788,045 2,288 7,114 6,088 125,186 20,563

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 2,858 54,881,149 1,213 6,733 3,294 207,678 63,047

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 1,680 62,316,784 674 5,330 1,888 259,127 137,249

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 1,503 107,310,224 694 9,676 1,713 524,317 306,081

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 648 100,976,386 301 6,456 721 493,079 683,882

 $1,000,000 sales or more 617 275,450,649 340 20,036 677 1,836,815 2,713,168

 $1,000,000-$2,499,999 404 110,586,086 214 8,154 446 681,521 1,528,074

 $2,500,000-$4,999,999 143 86,618,181 80 4,948 157 520,112 3,312,815

 $5,000,000 sales or more 70 78,246,382 46 6,934 74 635,182 8,583,541

See footnotes at end of table.
24 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 8--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Farms, acreage, and sales, by value of sales, 1997 and 1992--Continued

Under glass or

 Subsector Census other protection In the open Total sales

years Farms Square feet Farms Acres Farms Value Per farm

--Numbers-- $1,000 Dollars

Bedding plants 1997 15,491 307,696,181 6,531 20,085 18,393 2,392,495 130,076

1992 13,541 228,235,819 3,541 13,816 14,872 1,391,175 93,543

 1997 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 2,331 2,361,201 1,499 856 3,428 3,814 1,113

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 3,099 7,286,907 1,484 1,448 3,973 20,894 5,259

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 4,269 25,732,332 1,436 2,798 4,779 96,027 20,094

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 2,556 34,780,693 792 2,521 2,736 166,668 60,917

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 1,345 34,319,979 442 1,816 1,434 190,363 132,750

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 1,129 51,845,712 454 2,383 1,212 354,572 292,551

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 382 35,738,293 189 1,452 414 279,912 676,116

 $1,000,000 sales or more 380 115,631,064 235 6,812 417 1,280,246 3,070,134

 $1,000,000-$2,499,999 243 47,046,024 152 2,826 270 395,297 1,464,063

 $2,500,000-$4,999,999 88 32,190,711 47 823 91 292,601 3,215,396

 $5,000,000 sales or more 49 36,394,329 36 3,164 56 592,348 10,577,643

 1992 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 2,438 2,143,608 859 428 3,005 3,196 1,064

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 3,124 7,827,127 774 862 3,476 18,540 5,334

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 3,787 25,163,734 742 1,560 3,995 81,515 20,404

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 1,977 29,427,066 437 1,565 2,055 125,616 61,127

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 1,000 27,325,630 249 1,248 1,050 139,372 132,735

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 761 41,498,661 251 1,491 801 238,388 297,613

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 230 23,417,343 103 1,321 246 166,277 675,923

 $1,000,000 sales or more 224 71,432,650 126 5,342 244 618,270 2,533,893

 $1,000,000-$2,499,999 153 32,745,934 78 2,584 168 252,163 1,500,970

 $2,500,000-$4,999,999 43 19,085,329 27 1,355 47 149,736 3,185,872

 $5,000,000 sales or more 28 19,601,387 21 1,403 29 216,371 7,461,069

Cut flowers and

 cut florist greens 1997 1,706 149,650,921 4,325 36,394 5,381 717,612 133,360

1992 2,301 137,462,732 4,571 32,258 6,065 645,104 106,365

 1997 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 307 861,058 1,433 962 1,650 1,675 1,015

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 360 1,437,662 1,147 1,824 1,385 7,451 5,380

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 359 4,965,582 820 3,446 1,040 20,435 19,649

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 203 11,212,231 374 3,691 488 29,981 61,436

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 146 10,157,701 199 2,944 286 38,882 135,951

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 138 21,267,155 169 4,780 257 75,778 294,856

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 85 20,009,647 66 3,204 121 81,339 672,223

 $1,000,000 sales or more 108 79,739,885 117 15,543 154 462,070 3,000,455

 1992 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 444 817,538 1,623 1,004 1,942 1,993 1,026

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 480 2,290,236 1,197 1,867 1,513 7,881 5,209

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 500 7,128,493 854 3,202 1,182 23,557 19,930

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 269 8,528,724 350 3,378 527 33,175 62,951

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 188 11,673,677 185 2,610 300 41,508 138,360

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 184 20,444,318 192 5,776 299 91,547 306,177

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 122 29,870,309 79 3,430 161 110,895 688,789

 $1,000,000 sales or more 114 56,709,437 91 10,990 141 334,548 2,372,681

Foliage plants 1997 3,281 159,262,590 1,715 9,677 4,349 703,232 161,700

1992 3,965 150,996,176 2,177 10,418 5,383 623,256 115,782

 1997 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 531 774,112 367 249 830 884 1,065

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 667 1,987,134 394 547 967 5,093 5,267

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 779 6,588,777 370 1,087 1,028 20,479 19,921

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 448 11,715,857 181 884 533 33,312 62,499

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 285 11,128,800 148 1,178 354 47,413 133,935

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 286 25,758,148 111 1,430 319 97,120 304,451

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 144 27,099,830 70 1,134 164 110,199 671,945

 $1,000,000 sales or more 141 74,209,932 74 3,169 154 388,731 2,524,227

 $1,000,000-$2,499,999 96 38,498,082 48 (D) 103 154,297 1,498,029

 $2,500,000-$4,999,999 38 20,584,890 21 1,115 43 137,862 3,206,093

 $5,000,000 sales or more 7 15,126,960 5 (D) 8 96,572 12,071,500

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 25

Table 8--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Farms, acreage, and sales, by value of sales, 1997 and 1992--Continued

Under glass or

 Subsector Census other protection In the open Total sales

years Farms Square feet Farms Acres Farms Value Per farm

--Numbers-- $1,000 Dollars

Foliage plants

 1992 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 734 864,403 633 490 1,272 1,328 1,044

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 794 2,305,458 537 918 1,217 6,177 5,076

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 1,030 7,831,279 422 1,728 1,293 25,669 19,852

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 518 11,117,871 208 1,080 601 37,138 61,794

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 338 15,676,098 131 1,098 380 50,937 134,045

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 296 21,736,414 128 1,667 338 100,873 298,441

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 137 25,570,110 56 1,201 150 100,446 669,640

 $1,000,000 sales or more 118 65,894,543 62 2,236 132 300,687 2,277,932

 $1,000,000-$2,499,999 88 32,267,923 48 1,675 98 148,404 1,514,327

 $2,500,000-$4,999,999 24 21,878,120 11 329 28 90,027 3,215,250

 $5,000,000 sales or more 6 11,748,500 3 232 6 62,257 10,376,167

Potted flowering plants 1997 6,062 155,298,507 2,176 4,385 7,390 1,067,724 144,482

1992 6,371 139,158,414 2,026 4,614 7,475 823,246 110,133

 1997 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 1,001 1,149,053 621 243 1,522 1,716 1,127

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 1,252 2,905,182 525 463 1,609 8,599 5,344

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 1,722 11,319,359 457 642 1,956 38,265 19,563

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 873 14,278,630 225 502 977 59,701 61,106

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 451 13,631,745 122 409 499 65,705 131,673

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 409 21,207,830 113 653 446 135,049 302,800

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 170 19,667,988 43 178 181 121,587 671,751

 $1,000,000 sales or more 184 71,138,720 70 1,297 200 637,102 3,185,510

 $1,000,000-$2,499,999 118 29,583,446 43 401 124 185,788 1,498,290

 $2,500,000-$4,999,999 38 15,353,909 13 451 42 142,765 3,399,167

 $5,000,000 sales or more 28 26,201,365 14 446 34 308,550 9,075,000

 1992 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 1,172 1,058,617 631 311 1,694 1,801 1,063

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 1,480 3,612,509 477 503 1,765 9,282 5,259

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 1,691 12,160,475 398 692 1,868 35,517 19,013

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 868 15,636,018 228 717 931 57,416 61,671

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 484 15,233,211 110 325 507 67,096 132,339

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 367 20,931,324 90 402 384 115,045 299,596

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 160 17,726,979 44 596 171 115,960 678,129

 $1,000,000 sales or more 149 52,799,281 48 1,068 155 421,127 2,716,948

 $1,000,000-$2,499,999 100 23,482,840 29 707 105 163,660 1,558,667

 $2,500,000-$4,999,999 32 13,989,818 16 (D) 33 107,969 3,271,788

 $5,000,000 sales or more 17 15,326,623 3 (D) 17 149,499 8,794,059

Cut Christmas trees harvested 1997 n.a. n.a. 17,234 136,099 17,234 441,604 25,624

 1997 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales n.a. n.a. 7,241 22,273 7,241 6,765 934

 $2,500-$9,999 sales n.a. n.a. 4,595 18,618 4,595 24,134 5,252

 $10,000-$39,999 sales n.a. n.a. 3,517 23,496 3,517 69,459 19,750

 $40,000-$99,999 sales n.a. n.a. 1,211 16,660 1,211 73,854 60,986

 $100,000-$199,999 sales n.a. n.a. 387 13,772 387 51,816 133,891

 $200,000-$499,999 sales n.a. n.a. 202 15,483 202 59,889 296,480

 $500,000-$999,999 sales n.a. n.a. 44 5,741 44 29,823 677,795

 $1,000,000 sales or more n.a. n.a. 37 20,055 37 125,863 3,401,703

Mushrooms 1997 486 60,837,916 n.a. n.a. 487 858,851 1,763,554

1992 420 63,631,031 n.a. n.a. 420 769,654 1,832,510

 1997 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 68 257,436 n.a. n.a. 69 75 1,087

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 68 250,557 n.a. n.a. 68 340 5,000

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 79 310,367 n.a. n.a. 79 1,564 19,797

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 28 287,453 n.a. n.a. 28 1,752 62,571

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 27 460,414 n.a. n.a. 27 3,954 146,444

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 52 2,004,328 n.a. n.a. 52 16,644 320,077

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 35 2,065,934 n.a. n.a. 35 23,728 677,943

 $1,000,000 sales or more 129 55,201,427 n.a. n.a. 129 810,794 6,285,225

 $1,000,000-$2,499,999 60 9,368,553 n.a. n.a. 60 96,640 1,610,667

 $2,500,000-$4,999,999 25 5,627,155 n.a. n.a. 25 90,400 3,616,000

 $5,000,000 sales or more 44 40,205,719 n.a. n.a. 44 623,753 14,176,205

See footnotes at end of table.
26 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 8--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Farms, acreage, and sales, by value of sales, 1997 and 1992--Continued

Under glass or

 Subsector Census other protection In the open Total sales

years Farms Square feet Farms Acres Farms Value Per farm

 --Numbers-- $1,000 Dollars

Mushrooms

 1992 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 45 62,519 n.a. n.a. 45 48 1,067

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 58 519,552 n.a. n.a. 58 285 4,914

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 52 325,514 n.a. n.a. 52 1,037 19,942

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 21 290,724 n.a. n.a. 21 1,149 54,714

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 28 611,648 n.a. n.a. 28 4,130 147,500

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 62 2,655,843 n.a. n.a. 62 19,145 308,790

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 34 3,067,896 n.a. n.a. 34 25,461 748,853

 $1,000,000 sales or more 120 56,097,335 n.a. n.a. 120 718,399 5,986,658

 $1,000,000-$2,499,999 64 10,080,027 n.a. n.a. 64 100,085 1,563,828

 $2,500,000-$4,999,999 25 9,863,398 n.a. n.a. 25 85,256 3,410,240

 $5,000,000 sales or more 31 36,153,910 n.a. n.a. 31 533,058 17,195,419

Nursery crops 1997 4,371 135,803,501 17,441 349,420 18,860 3,382,161 179,330

1992 5,218 127,742,863 18,381 331,462 19,930 2,618,311 131,375

 1997 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 580 900,692 3,014 6,042 3,388 3,956 1,168

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 765 1,960,697 3,922 11,154 4,286 23,165 5,405

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 1,163 7,463,483 4,732 27,694 5,119 103,175 20,155

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 604 7,435,469 2,149 26,647 2,297 140,699 61,253

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 401 8,973,884 1,256 30,012 1,327 177,955 134,103

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 393 14,788,528 1,186 50,654 1,229 371,242 302,068

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 205 14,651,466 544 46,413 564 385,220 683,014

 $1,000,000 sales or more 260 79,629,282 638 150,804 650 2,176,750 3,348,846

 $1,000,000-$2,499,999 153 18,344,980 410 67,869 418 627,392 1,500,938

 $2,500,000-$4,999,999 47 11,797,107 119 35,160 120 406,556 3,387,967

 $5,000,000 sales or more 60 49,487,195 109 47,775 112 1,142,802 10,203,589

 1992 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 707 1,065,624 3,079 5,354 3,490 4,166 1,194

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 1,045 3,068,182 4,516 13,338 4,971 26,603 5,352

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 1,393 8,666,312 5,359 33,859 5,731 113,735 19,846

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 752 11,468,163 2,234 30,874 2,408 148,503 61,671

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 454 9,837,290 1,165 29,713 1,228 165,899 135,097

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 437 17,140,695 1,086 52,434 1,129 334,969 296,695

 $500,000-$999,999 sales 196 14,302,342 465 44,674 485 327,995 676,278

 $1,000,000 sales or more 234 62,194,255 477 121,215 488 1,496,440 3,066,475

 $1,000,000-$2,499,999 144 23,830,318 309 53,152 317 472,646 1,490,997

 $2,500,000-$4,999,999 52 15,408,038 104 29,830 106 353,464 3,334,566

 $5,000,000 sales or more 38 22,955,899 64 38,233 65 670,330 10,312,769

Sod harvested 1997 n.a. n.a. 1,784 302,930 1,784 800,694 448,820

1992 n.a. n.a. 1,614 218,161 1,614 471,640 292,218

 1997 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales n.a. n.a. 83 672 83 111 1,337

 $2,500-$9,999 sales n.a. n.a. 165 2,014 165 914 5,539

 $10,000-$39,999 sales n.a. n.a. 330 7,992 330 6,939 21,027

 $40,000-$99,999 sales n.a. n.a. 265 15,176 265 17,295 65,264

 $100,000-$199,999 sales n.a. n.a. 220 19,875 220 30,101 136,823

 $200,000-$499,999 sales n.a. n.a. 312 49,278 312 94,609 303,234

 $500,000-$999,999 sales n.a. n.a. 192 52,666 192 133,144 693,458

 $1,000,000 sales or more n.a. n.a. 217 155,259 217 517,581 2,385,166

 1992 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales n.a. n.a. 77 438 77 105 1,364

 $2,500-$9,999 sales n.a. n.a. 187 2,177 187 1,032 5,519

 $10,000-$39,999 sales n.a. n.a. 334 7,991 334 7,026 21,036

 $40,000-$99,999 sales n.a. n.a. 270 13,605 270 17,457 64,656

 $100,000-$199,999 sales n.a. n.a. 248 24,201 248 34,951 140,931

 $200,000-$499,999 sales n.a. n.a. 260 45,834 260 80,535 309,750

 $500,000-$999,999 sales n.a. n.a. 138 41,901 138 95,555 692,428

 $1,000,000 sales or more n.a. n.a. 100 82,015 100 234,979 2,349,790

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 27

Table 8--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Farms, acreage, and sales, by value of sales, 1997 and 1992--Continued

Under glass or

 Subsector Census other protection In the open Total sales

years Farms Square feet Farms Acres Farms Value Per farm

--Numbers-- $1,000 Dollars

Vegetable and flower seeds 1997 592 3,004,025 1,332 74,526 1,785 124,099 69,523

1992 689 3,552,729 1,760 78,296 2,307 107,171 46,455

 1997 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 282 333,675 368 695 588 516 878

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 163 416,479 198 1,380 328 1,657 5,052

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 95 607,560 297 7,734 367 7,892 21,504

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 27 325,995 229 15,383 247 15,570 63,036

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 14 321,660 123 12,654 131 17,891 136,573

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 6 458,880 66 11,010 70 21,283 304,043

 $500,000 sales or more 5 539,776 51 25,671 54 59,291 1,097,981

 1992 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 397 288,139 526 686 850 786 925

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 157 449,406 355 2,917 477 2,535 5,314

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 102 792,291 433 12,812 515 10,651 20,682

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 17 455,793 251 16,649 261 16,052 61,502

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 3 172,000 92 10,932 95 13,042 137,284

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 8 631,208 71 13,351 76 23,623 310,829

 $500,000 sales or more 5 763,892 32 20,949 33 40,482 1,226,727

Greenhouse vegetables 1997 2,511 38,605,409 n.a. n.a. 2,511 217,317 86,546

1992 1,865 28,486,757 n.a. n.a. 1,865 91,089 48,841

 1997 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 739 1,009,818 n.a. n.a. 739 738 999

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 715 2,314,530 n.a. n.a. 715 3,760 5,259

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 598 4,741,148 n.a. n.a. 598 11,054 18,485

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 251 4,632,052 n.a. n.a. 251 15,143 60,331

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 89 3,769,270 n.a. n.a. 89 11,863 133,292

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 63 3,013,017 n.a. n.a. 63 18,860 299,365

 $500,000 sales or more 56 19,125,574 n.a. n.a. 56 155,900 2,783,929

 1992 value of sales:

 $1-$2,499 sales 639 792,108 n.a. n.a. 639 612 958

 $2,500-$9,999 sales 532 1,968,381 n.a. n.a. 532 2,797 5,258

 $10,000-$39,999 sales 441 4,184,852 n.a. n.a. 441 8,407 19,063

 $40,000-$99,999 sales 131 2,904,222 n.a. n.a. 131 7,908 60,366

 $100,000-$199,999 sales 58 3,382,712 n.a. n.a. 58 7,770 133,966

 $200,000-$499,999 sales 37 2,750,120 n.a. n.a. 37 11,026 298,000

 $500,000 sales or more 27 12,504,262 n.a. n.a. 27 52,569 1,947,000

 n.a. = Not applicable.

 (D) = Not published to avoid disclosure.

 Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
28 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 9--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Grower sales, by region and State, 1997

Cut Other

Region flowers Potted Potted Bedding Cut Flower & greenhouse,

and & cut foliage flowering & garden Bulbs Christmas Nursery Sod vegetable nursery Total 

State greens plants plants plants trees crops (turfgrass) seeds crops 1/ 2/

1,000 dollars

Northeast: 41,591 27,136 189,583 449,162 4,042 153,452 392,277 61,109 1,598 18,953 1,633,379

 Connecticut 2,223 692 10,117 46,543 44 3,554 69,126 3,551 (D) 172 172,371

 Maine 728 389 2,965 13,918 39 2,888 4,749 2,136 158 1,288 29,852

 Massachusetts 6,309 2,802 22,958 53,145 (D) 2,239 31,013 1,410 105 2,346 128,192

 New Hampshire 3,125 369 8,049 23,743 (D) 1,564 6,007 (D) 10 199 44,957

 New Jersey 10,544 9,354 50,505 69,257 1,788 14,227 99,907 19,026 (D) 1,271 277,957

 New York 10,280 6,976 53,006 107,500 1,255 12,491 64,724 20,236 424 8,075 290,722

 Pennsylvania 7,668 6,280 40,362 119,126 916 111,999 103,469 4,308 713 5,517 639,778

 Rhode Island (D) (D) 980 5,945 (D) 1,708 11,329 10,442 71 (D) 30,962

 Vermont 714 274 641 9,985 (D) 2,782 1,953 (D) 117 85 18,588

Northcentral: 37,937 37,309 207,101 659,753 4,567 110,477 531,740 121,806 2,485 24,415 1,865,691

 Illinois 3,062 3,261 31,083 69,739 1,535 9,103 104,036 23,446 (D) (D) 299,936

 Indiana 3,739 4,915 11,175 33,154 (D) 6,059 25,999 10,536 71 1,703 110,877

 Iowa 367 719 15,468 30,992 (D) 2,655 13,089 6,748 348 1,260 73,208

 Kansas (D) (D) 12,340 19,289 15 1,660 3,509 5,054 (D) 948 49,302

 Michigan 12,257 6,940 47,074 207,229 (D) 33,350 130,703 18,239 1,383 6,572 478,448

 Minnesota 7,050 2,443 18,151 44,578 722 11,029 46,065 14,337 (D) 4,084 153,313

 Missouri 935 2,597 15,165 35,012 306 1,637 20,048 11,646 91 868 89,056

 Nebraska 28 161 826 8,957 (D) 825 5,013 4,832 45 245 21,791

 North Dakota (D) (D) 546 4,173 N.A. 461 1,910 50 4 119 8,673

 Ohio 7,074 14,863 39,297 148,030 1,352 18,342 135,364 11,435 (D) 5,867 402,118

 South Dakota (D) (D) 1,186 8,901 (D) 147 5,526 1,182 (D) 77 21,621

 Wisconsin 3,425 1,410 14,790 49,699 637 25,209 40,478 14,301 543 2,672 157,348

South: 192,721 462,382 348,589 700,587 4,583 86,017 1,180,978 390,824 6,808 60,153 3,633,033

 Alabama 473 7,907 17,489 48,508 192 1,364 63,543 37,867 65 564 178,216

 Arkansas 290 1,257 2,696 7,365 (D) 370 4,388 8,375 168 1,405 27,167

 Delaware 61 992 2,349 4,519 N.A. 912 5,213 806 (D) 143 16,806

 Florida 175,341 386,735 126,250 154,885 (D) 2,529 385,448 127,803 4,275 14,277 1,449,951

 Georgia 970 5,710 17,697 56,506 174 2,806 74,116 52,118 (D) 2,586 219,370

 Kentucky 262 913 5,587 20,582 (D) 708 14,486 6,536 139 5,383 56,018

 Louisiana 161 5,189 6,108 18,783 125 895 33,745 5,432 56 1,488 72,586

 Maryland 2,773 1,412 10,708 32,846 (D) 2,485 52,968 8,881 (D) 3,585 120,007

 Mississippi 340 1,827 4,213 12,443 (D) 767 6,843 6,755 129 1,217 35,366

 North Carolina 3,239 9,502 50,658 71,161 826 49,422 110,670 13,683 137 6,691 318,203

 Oklahoma 113 1,648 3,639 14,578 525 1,036 46,801 20,574 (D) 1,400 109,004

 South Carolina 966 3,528 10,684 26,809 76 1,682 67,300 19,537 (D) 8,227 144,313

 Tennessee 549 2,259 12,024 31,768 156 1,795 115,566 15,585 (D) 2,114 213,365

 Texas 4,161 30,227 48,814 146,518 2,166 3,630 139,630 51,600 1,793 8,067 486,918

 Virginia 2,836 2,658 28,357 43,735 307 13,394 56,158 15,272 46 2,338 166,411

 West Virginia 186 618 1,316 9,581 36 2,222 4,103 (D) (D) 668 19,332

West: 439,053 148,243 322,449 619,441 43,918 168,146 1,277,168 225,735 99,280 50,847 3,810,713

 Alaska 39 63 274 48,508 26 N.A. 400 (D) (D) 31 10,017

 Arizona 1,719 3,068 3,719 13,285 (D) 194 68,066 8,422 3,344 7,163 131,519

 California 368,056 134,880 220,146 324,730 19,102 24,166 660,558 124,487 44,677 18,108 2,210,574

 Colorado 12,457 1,327 12,571 52,173 (D) 2,481 37,517 28,115 1,812 13,106 211,743

 Hawaii 29,838 (D) 17,472 (D) N.A. (D) 12,395 1,452 (D) 1,254 83,159

 Idaho 761 69 3,548 9,147 (D) 1,750 15,736 8,941 13,445 1,631 57,189

 Montana 73 444 1,132 7,148 (D) 1,390 6,199 2,966 149 143 20,173

 Nevada (D) (D) 5 (D) N.A. N.A. 575 9,615 (D) 7 15,629

 New Mexico (D) (D) 16,149 7,086 (D) 129 7,733 6,581 261 216 48,409

 Oregon 15,229 3,681 25,098 56,243 12,192 111,999 380,505 9,339 18,228 8,404 676,429

 Utah (D) (D) 11,383 22,827 (D) 440 10,332 13,897 34 784 70,160

 Washington 10,881 4,711 10,907 76,106 12,598 25,597 76,270 11,115 17,330 (D) 271,580

 Wyoming (D) (D) 45 2,188 N.A. (D) 882 805 (D) (D) 4,132

United States 717,612 703,232 1,067,724 2,392,495 73,810 441,604 3,382,161 800,694 124,009 163,218 10,942,816

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals. Region totals are reported data only. N.A. = Not available.

1/ May include unfinished plant and propagative materials such as plugs, cuttings, and lining-out stock.

2/ Includes greenhouse vegetables and mushrooms.

Source: 1997 Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 29

Table 10--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Acreage in the open, by region and State, 1997

Cut Other

Region flowers Potted Potted Bedding Cut Flower & greenhouse,

and & cut foliage flowering & garden Bulbs Christmas Nursery Sod vegetable nursery Total 

State greens plants plants plants trees crops (turfgrass) seeds crops 1/ 2/

Acres

Northeast: 2,867 147 895 3,482 230 26,068 56,484 18,429 254 82,378 183,801

 Connecticut (D) (D) 56 260 10 217 6,257 1,308 6 4,684 12,844

 Maine 57 (D) (D) 170 11 167 830 790 35 5,037 7,116

 Massachusetts 155 11 71 470 30 142 2,174 591 16 3,233 6,891

 New Hampshire 28 3 17 81 N.A. 107 291 (D) (D) 2,577 3,273

 New Jersey 1,678 44 353 729 113 4,678 16,533 7,204 50 3,974 35,357

 New York 570 39 154 846 44 1,838 12,411 4,965 64 26,529 47,461

 Pennsylvania 264 50 234 732 22 18,628 16,208 980 83 30,305 59,803

 Rhode Island 38 (D) 10 47 (D) 107 1,411 2,591 (D) 798 5,014

 Vermont 77 (D) (D) 147 (D) 184 369 (D) (D) 5,241 6,042

Northcentral: 3,333 103 406 4,675 440 49,221 86,378 64,523 1,016 107,496 321,303

 Illinois 410 36 119 673 64 2,714 20,443 11,255 55 4,963 40,732

 Indiana 83 27 66 309 12 2,406 5,411 3,469 3 4,438 16,224

 Iowa 40 13 10 80 3 1,112 2,266 4,029 213 1,971 9,737

 Kansas 27 6 16 124 1 1,049 976 2,475 6 560 5,240

 Michigan 2,132 (D) (D) 1,683 152 17,222 17,227 8,398 407 46,403 94,007

 Minnesota 159 (D) (D) 227 83 4,260 5,890 12,249 165 9,792 32,993

 Missouri 73 5 40 560 62 1,713 3,329 5,550 33 2,292 13,657

 Nebraska (D) (D) (D) 116 (D) 532 1,258 2,938 (D) 391 5,311

 North Dakota (D) (D) (D) (D) N.A. 184 296 (D) 6 138 694

 Ohio (D) (D) 124 622 16 4,535 19,406 6,878 15 8,491 41,497

 South Dakota (D) (D) (D) 61 10 129 618 326 (D) 113 2,862

 Wisconsin 409 16 31 220 37 13,365 9,258 6,956 113 27,944 58,349

South: 14,346 5,449 1,957 5,644 2,242 32,520 136,532 182,089 1,725 35,382 420,115

 Alabama 51 19 280 331 (D) 602 5,629 17,184 (D) 560 24,755

 Arkansas 41 (D) (D) 59 108 428 360 5,586 20 383 6,998

 Delaware 14 (D) 30 (D) N.A. 249 440 (D) (D) 465 1,520

 Florida 13,183 4,710 783 987 1,529 599 30,161 65,185 1,338 2,877 121,352

 Georgia 70 101 48 391 28 900 4,898 17,134 92 1,908 25,570

 Kentucky 28 2 32 276 43 619 4,036 3,286 37 961 9,320

 Louisiana (D) (D) 106 167 28 692 4,012 2,654 6 525 8,277

 Maryland 138 5 147 306 7 1,419 6,570 4,048 11 2,702 15,353

 Mississippi 18 55 11 125 8 1,122 622 3,871 (D) 474 6,343

 North Carolina 231 59 148 501 269 15,697 15,830 4,571 125 10,106 47,537

 Oklahoma 19 5 7 75 138 440 3,604 10,274 50 469 15,080

 South Carolina 143 40 69 283 (D) 825 6,409 8,864 (D) 699 17,486

 Tennessee 39 47 71 561 54 1,740 31,451 6,516 28 985 41,492

 Texas 212 386 152 891 (D) 2,266 11,475 27,627 (D) 2,276 46,777

 Virginia 130 7 67 644 30 4,143 10,367 5,289 18 6,028 26,723

 West Virginia 29 13 6 47 (D) 779 668 (D) (D) 3,964 5,532

West: 15,541 2,306 876 6,575 5,309 34,902 70,027 37,342 68,284 65,132 309,355

 Alaska 2 (D) (D) 331 (D) N.A. 134 (D) (D) N.A. 180

 Arizona 216 (D) (D) 82 (D) 72 4,698 2,023 844 (D) 8,298

 California 10,966 1,068 696 4,520 1,214 6,872 21,643 13,665 21,539 8,363 90,544

 Colorado 44 N.A. 15 110 29 456 3,922 7,056 2,886 2,339 16,856

 Hawaii 1,551 1,020 76 44 N.A. 17 456 74 (D) (D) 3,351

 Idaho 20 (D) (D) 82 (D) 1,020 2,501 2,248 16,354 (D) 23,660

 Montana 19 (D) (D) 36 2 1,037 474 746 6 2,750 5,076

 Nevada (D) (D) (D) (D) N.A. N.A. 42 1,364 (D) (D) 1,453

 New Mexico 20 (D) (D) 28 (D) (D) 698 1,942 (D) 176 4,068

 Oregon 1,235 177 55 467 1,093 18,628 29,693 2,353 11,515 39,882 105,098

 Utah 6 9 14 84 (D) 130 395 3,308 (D) 167 4,141

 Washington 1,462 32 20 791 2,971 6,670 5,314 2,325 15,140 11,455 46,179

 Wyoming N.A. N.A. N.A. (D) N.A. (D) 57 238 (D) (D) 451

United States 36,394 9,677 4,385 20,085 8,837 136,099 349,420 302,930 74,526 292,156 1,234,510

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals. Region totals are reported data only. N.A. = Not available.

1/ May include unfinished plant and propagative materials such as plugs, cuttings, and lining-out stock.

2/ Includes greenhouse vegetables and mushrooms.

Source: 1997 Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
30 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 11--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Area under glass or other protection, by region and State, 1997

Cut Other

Region flowers Potted Potted Bedding Cut Sod Flower & greenhouse,

and & cut foliage flowering & garden Bulbs Christmas Nursery (turf- vegetable nursery Total 

State greens plants plants plants trees crops grass) seeds crops 1/ 2/

Square feet

Northeast: 5,516,193 4,645,970 26,664,878 64,791,522 796,247 n/a 16,104,150 n/a 399,221 1,245,271 148,884,974

 Connecticut 344,336 157,620 1,949,763 6,068,001 (D) n/a 616,555 n/a 9,600 12,998 9,586,493

 Maine 90,653 61,916 377,429 2,088,135 (D) n/a 291,575 n/a (D) 48,093 3,152,467

 Massachusetts 1,079,546 516,540 3,128,870 6,357,534 85,420 n/a 409,906 n/a (D) 65,450 12,441,420

 New Hampshire 649,954 89,476 1,284,753 2,395,704 10,600 n/a 54,244 n/a (D) 5,520 4,667,770

 New Jersey 769,631 1,414,460 6,712,332 11,423,398 240,145 n/a 6,869,019 n/a 117,776 (D) 27,896,482

 New York 1,183,793 1,257,166 6,819,136 16,595,648 305,800 n/a 809,863 n/a 114,393 783,446 28,781,141

 Pennsylvania 1,335,568 1,118,622 6,126,835 17,602,981 154,282 n/a 6,564,401 n/a 123,409 325,303 58,820,856

 Rhode Island (D) (D) 170,595 998,749 (D) n/a 455,937 n/a 12,043 (D) 1,801,997

 Vermont 62,712 30,170 95,165 1,261,372 (D) n/a 32,650 n/a 22,000 4,461 1,736,348

Northcentral: 4,352,324 4,511,263 33,467,151 94,948,275 874,620 n/a 23,564,008 n/a 160,444 1,798,590 180,547,400

 Illinois 373,798 413,312 3,799,747 8,030,178 129,100 n/a 2,218,941 n/a 12,862 111,502 23,559,992

 Indiana 636,359 530,324 2,581,438 5,634,186 (D) n/a 269,530 n/a 27,211 146,732 10,882,379

 Iowa 32,164 340,294 2,216,560 4,386,973 (D) n/a 253,682 n/a 25,299 56,740 7,590,138

 Kansas 11,200 482,288 1,495,868 3,340,882 (D) n/a 68,815 n/a 6,468 22,103 5,658,378

 Michigan 863,270 872,680 7,406,557 29,560,166 446,764 n/a 15,099,566 n/a (D) 405,661 55,853,413

 Minnesota 689,028 261,560 2,579,707 6,676,219 (D) n/a 213,324 n/a 16,056 296,391 11,453,686

 Missouri 117,470 214,395 2,170,206 3,911,749 (D) n/a 253,016 n/a 14,319 80,750 7,044,621

 Nebraska (D) (D) 266,740 1,080,354 (D) n/a 121,800 n/a (D) (D) 1,700,792

 North Dakota (D) (D) 107,430 574,332 N.A. n/a (D) n/a (D) 39,920 913,220

 Ohio 1,329,055 1,210,082 7,922,245 23,355,278 266,423 n/a 4,431,456 n/a (D) 504,039 42,378,694

 South Dakota (D) (D) 181,580 1,197,813 N.A. n/a (D) n/a (D) (D) 1,475,765

 Wisconsin 299,980 186,328 2,739,073 7,200,145 32,333 n/a 633,878 n/a 58,229 134,752 12,036,322

South: 50,473,589 128,995,221 45,807,490 91,320,291 330,016 n/a 54,479,933 n/a 697,858 7,277,286 405,647,211

 Alabama 80,100 1,084,078 1,782,147 8,052,069 41,882 n/a 6,418,089 n/a (D) 89,264 17,720,527

 Arkansas 11,083 194,127 458,877 1,768,139 (D) n/a 655,675 n/a 16,312 (D) 3,240,635

 Delaware (D) (D) 375,265 883,792 N.A. n/a 466,100 n/a (D) N.A. 2,072,863

 Florida 48,615,309 114,046,897 22,049,673 14,761,581 (D) n/a 14,340,665 n/a 353,837 688,350 223,439,101

 Georgia 185,280 988,520 3,205,848 6,635,311 49,048 n/a 4,131,340 n/a (D) 204,994 15,875,391

 Kentucky 18,845 252,264 1,092,037 3,817,589 21,000 n/a 405,926 n/a (D) 1,771,205 7,886,810

 Louisiana 25,695 736,962 1,024,781 2,615,460 1,850 n/a 2,228,518 n/a 28,000 250,192 7,055,176

 Maryland 385,819 195,330 1,461,089 3,959,161 (D) n/a 1,421,099 n/a (D) 145,440 8,136,526

 Mississippi 118,770 489,885 734,824 2,164,618 (D) n/a 409,839 n/a 34,400 119,956 4,417,615

 North Carolina 449,018 1,061,992 6,229,046 10,780,677 12,740 n/a 5,440,745 n/a 36,727 1,702,508 26,335,364

 Oklahoma 54,478 282,535 578,993 2,393,514 (D) n/a 2,076,516 n/a 32,184 145,324 6,236,827

 South Carolina 15,196 390,723 922,072 3,020,231 (D) n/a 3,608,080 n/a 28,900 337,799 8,449,828

 Tennessee 122,504 482,150 1,818,600 5,393,913 (D) n/a 3,271,835 n/a 30,150 475,134 13,007,093

 Texas (D) 8,426,513 (D) 16,256,720 102,584 n/a 7,450,907 n/a 123,748 799,069 44,899,237

 Virginia 324,792 289,869 3,697,383 7,082,595 100,912 n/a 2,053,729 n/a (D) 454,672 14,256,467

 West Virginia 66,700 73,376 376,855 1,734,921 (D) n/a 100,870 n/a 13,600 93,379 2,617,751

West: 84,166,721 19,897,155 40,347,312 63,664,755 719,019 n/a 41,584,580 n/a 539,624 3,014,440 292,312,373

 Alaska (D) (D) 56,538 8,052,069 3,000 n/a (D) n/a (D) 8,200 1,053,170

 Arizona (D) (D) 795,340 1,743,996 (D) n/a 1,967,468 n/a N.A. 307,950 7,853,964

 California 66,377,505 14,109,129 24,573,540 23,863,752 459,919 n/a 20,417,744 n/a 437,825 1,374,551 173,192,317

 Colorado 2,533,572 168,334 3,134,760 7,197,373 (D) n/a 321,698 n/a 20,889 760,265 19,925,791

 Hawaii 12,156,614 4,831,902 (D) (D) N.A. n/a 1,221,957 n/a (D) 109,450 22,337,757

 Idaho (D) (D) 405,400 1,135,687 (D) n/a 105,000 n/a 63,660 121,380 2,318,198

 Montana (D) (D) 165,110 1,280,207 (D) n/a 137,891 n/a 14,150 18,200 1,792,164

 Nevada (D) (D) (D) (D) N.A. n/a 51,404 n/a (D) (D) 709,899

 New Mexico (D) (D) 1,176,430 756,401 (D) n/a 281,484 n/a (D) 9,538 4,688,202

 Oregon 2,225,425 231,350 5,895,560 7,940,630 (D) n/a 13,427,951 n/a (D) 247,381 35,155,115

 Utah (D) (D) 1,707,766 2,789,691 (D) n/a 147,210 n/a 3,100 (D) 5,825,277

 Washington 873,605 556,440 2,436,868 8,580,181 256,100 n/a 3,504,773 n/a (D) 57,525 17,068,520

 Wyoming (D) (D) (D) 324,768 N.A. n/a (D) n/a (D) (D) 391,999

United States 149,650,921 159,262,590 155,298,507 307,696,181 3,749,931 n/a 135,803,501 n/a 3,004,025 13,482,977 1,027,391,958

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals. Region totals are reported data only. N.A. = Not available. n/a = Not applicable.

1/ May include unfinished plant and propagative materials such as plugs, cuttings, and lining-out stock.

2/ Includes greenhouse vegetables and mushrooms.

Source: 1997 Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 31

Table 12--Greenhouse and nursery crops: Farms reporting sales, by region and State, 1997

Cut Other

Region flowers Potted Potted Bedding Cut Flower & greenhouse,

and & cut foliage flowering & garden Bulbs Christmas Nursery Sod vegetable nursery Total 

State greens plants plants plants trees crops (turfgrass) seeds crops 1/ 2/

Number of farms 3/

Northeast: 976 463 1,907 5,317 186 5,360 3,155 136 234 4,588 15,043

 Connecticut 56 18 160 414 9 443 183 8 9 516 1,133

 Maine 84 28 104 442 12 208 96 6 29 334 926

 Massachusetts 130 50 234 634 20 380 208 7 28 493 1,375

 New Hampshire 41 23 78 249 6 222 71 3 7 282 619

 New Jersey 190 57 286 654 46 1,099 936 49 38 542 2,826

 New York 239 145 439 1,341 38 1,060 614 30 46 1,195 3,346

 Pennsylvania 165 126 525 1,250 47 1,626 923 15 60 779 3,877

 Rhode Island 16 (D) 38 106 3 72 53 18 8 92 276

 Vermont 55 16 43 227 5 250 71 (D) 9 355 665

Northcentral: 791 470 1,693 5,060 232 4,823 3,972 517 254 3,565 15,439

 Illinois 79 56 198 507 20 521 531 48 27 297 1,665

 Indiana 67 61 160 412 11 371 323 30 15 211 1,195

 Iowa 37 28 79 259 10 290 188 49 23 179 819

 Kansas 25 22 58 193 8 155 111 28 12 86 528

 Michigan 180 72 336 1,065 70 1,204 822 59 43 1,149 3,548

 Minnesota 87 29 122 394 24 330 333 90 21 251 1,242

 Missouri 40 38 141 417 21 259 231 52 22 189 1,062

 Nebraska 4 10 34 111 5 98 102 30 5 47 346

 North Dakota 6 5 11 52 N.A. 26 29 3 3 15 123

 Ohio 155 104 365 1,022 40 815 858 59 45 549 2,812

 South Dakota 4 5 18 53 3 15 45 7 3 17 122

 Wisconsin 107 40 171 575 20 739 399 62 35 575 1,977

South: 1,012 2,571 2,490 5,337 341 4,138 7,526 858 302 3,190 22,068

 Alabama 15 93 115 266 13 108 298 92 14 70 849

 Arkansas 21 25 52 143 9 73 98 45 13 30 401

 Delaware 6 8 32 54 N.A. 65 38 5 (D) 38 176

 Florida 481 1,454 559 502 71 115 2,261 166 35 352 5,121

 Georgia 30 133 190 431 28 230 428 72 18 196 1,287

 Kentucky 27 38 128 375 13 155 224 42 25 302 1,103

 Louisiana 17 86 96 164 18 96 265 20 9 53 634

 Maryland 92 24 115 323 11 292 260 25 17 195 1,009

 Mississippi 19 61 54 122 8 106 105 54 8 46 476

 North Carolina 90 116 287 691 36 1,257 956 42 29 644 3,269

 Oklahoma 15 59 92 258 16 88 142 54 19 73 616

 South Carolina 22 52 97 236 16 153 272 26 19 95 766

 Tennessee 28 79 179 461 28 246 941 41 27 146 1,846

 Texas 49 281 276 660 49 287 762 156 45 242 2,286

 Virginia 80 49 178 492 20 628 382 18 16 471 1,671

 West Virginia 20 13 40 159 5 239 94 (D) 8 237 558

West: 2,602 842 1,300 2,893 341 3,081 4,207 270 991 2,141 15,266

 Alaska 4 5 14 266 5 N.A. 20 (D) (D) 3 77

 Arizona 13 30 16 50 3 23 139 7 19 41 291

 California 1,245 408 513 764 125 564 1,369 60 224 383 4,988

 Colorado 61 29 65 222 13 55 207 39 28 84 631

 Hawaii 755 193 272 75 N.A. 6 284 18 14 40 1,428

 Idaho 23 8 20 116 7 94 177 25 214 109 706

 Montana 19 13 34 138 5 74 91 12 14 68 362

 Nevada 3 (D) 3 15 N.A. N.A. 13 11 (D) 4 46

 New Mexico 18 19 33 76 6 15 90 8 11 30 245

 Oregon 279 70 178 587 98 1,626 1,232 10 247 938 4,195

 Utah 11 18 29 130 3 44 72 47 9 31 324

 Washington 170 45 118 423 76 578 489 26 207 404 1,909

 Wyoming 1 4 5 31 N.A. 2 24 7 4 6 64

United States 5,381 4,349 7,390 18,393 1,104 17,234 18,860 1,784 1,785 13,481 67,816

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals. Region totals are reported data only. N.A. = Not available.

1/ May include unfinished plant and propagative materials such as plugs, cuttings, and lining-out stock. 2/ Includes greenhouse vegetables and mushrooms.

3/ Number of farms can not be added to a total for each State because some growers report sales of different crops. The total shown represents the 

number of growers reporting sales of any greenhouse and nursery crop. 

Source: 1997 Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
32 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 13--Floriculture and environmental horticulture products: Value of production, imports, exports, wholesale supply,

 and retail expenditures, 1986 to date

Value of production and supply Retail expenditures 5/

 Product Domestic Wholesale

 and production Imports Exports supply

 year 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ Total Per capita 6/

--1,000 dollars-- Dollars

Cut flowers:

1986 391,502 234,895 18,500 1,088,017 4,087,810 17.02

1987 478,161 243,609 18,610 1,237,447 4,675,727 19.30

1988 498,160 283,505 19,760 1,355,486 5,103,002 20.87

1989 546,000 315,652 10,773 1,513,058 5,697,122 23.08

1990 529,240 326,246 29,545 1,483,596 5,567,357 22.32

1991 533,581 322,016 33,699 1,474,359 5,535,168 21.95

1992 518,881 352,366 32,504 1,522,389 5,693,144 22.33

1993 479,670 382,181 39,100 1,520,762 5,653,095 21.93

1994 500,470 420,104 37,913 1,639,070 6,083,661 23.37

1995 479,350 511,524 40,314 1,809,483 6,662,468 25.36

1996 466,980 572,549 47,502 1,917,452 7,025,691 26.49

1997 494,060 595,048 48,753 2,006,819 7,357,845 27.48

1998 509,190 614,362 44,553 2,079,270 7,625,923 28.21

Cut greens:

1986 101,083 19,130 5,451 186,491 724,441 3.02

1987 116,317 24,350 5,560 220,923 856,298 3.53

1988 119,000 21,632 7,746 215,553 837,876 3.43

1989 125,103 12,926 8,245 204,371 802,940 3.25

1990 120,651 13,647 8,778 198,515 778,708 3.12

1991 124,562 13,053 7,040 205,652 807,924 3.20

1992 126,223 14,997 10,894 206,737 810,075 3.18

1993 131,290 20,413 10,379 227,296 886,218 3.44

1994 134,990 19,858 14,099 226,017 881,728 3.39

1995 128,050 24,053 11,674 228,683 887,673 3.38

1996 133,780 27,577 12,438 244,061 945,221 3.56

1997 119,120 28,467 14,294 221,290 853,134 3.19

1998 130,180 31,917 18,716 239,009 920,130 3.40

Potted flowering plants:

1986 492,965 11,334 27,173 724,190 1,978,770 8.24

1987 648,240 13,661 23,857 967,312 2,644,739 10.92

1988 643,880 15,813 32,208 953,087 2,603,200 10.65

1989 685,910 19,972 1,358 1,071,765 2,924,885 11.85

1990 701,138 17,912 634 1,091,058 2,980,259 11.95

1991 725,334 21,733 711 1,135,834 3,099,093 12.29

1992 823,246 26,654 989 1,293,357 3,526,746 13.83

1993 870,850 26,691 632 1,365,382 3,724,772 14.45

1994 844,270 28,063 1,231 1,327,700 3,619,605 13.91

1995 868,000 30,272 1,412 1,367,994 3,727,928 14.19

1996 872,120 38,203 12,697 1,375,091 3,738,523 14.10

1997 893,570 22,213 254 1,389,953 3,797,382 14.18

1998 917,560 30,977 2,263 1,442,644 3,932,421 14.55

Potted foliage plants:

1986 610,246 21,206 20,942 931,670 2,538,234 10.57

1987 603,174 21,866 25,006 916,451 2,495,640 10.30

1988 563,728 22,328 31,578 848,463 2,308,154 9.44

1989 713,500 22,181 18,079 1,093,039 2,980,903 12.08

1990 693,182 25,064 53,988 1,015,185 2,763,562 11.08

1991 653,244 26,873 51,407 963,220 2,618,622 10.39

1992 623,256 30,079 46,355 933,029 2,531,992 9.93

1993 608,700 36,789 41,616 933,401 2,525,466 9.80

1994 714,160 42,951 42,388 1,104,298 2,988,499 11.48

1995 728,270 52,664 43,425 1,145,762 3,091,597 11.77

1996 742,830 54,336 33,341 1,186,490 3,201,718 12.07

1997 761,270 67,617 35,412 1,240,925 3,336,475 12.46

1998 788,150 90,954 44,712 1,319,804 3,527,136 13.05

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 33

Table 13--Floriculture and environmental horticulture products: Value of production, imports, exports, wholesale supply,

 and retail expenditures, 1986 to date--Continued

Value of production and supply Retail expenditures 5/

 Product Domestic Wholesale

 and production Imports Exports supply

 year 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ Total Per capita 6/

--1,000 dollars-- Dollars

Bedding and garden plants:

1986 619,970 N.A. N.A. 929,955 1,859,910 7.75

1987 817,960 N.A. N.A. 1,226,940 2,453,880 10.13

1988 940,000 N.A. N.A. 1,410,000 2,820,000 11.53

1989 1,115,831 N.A. N.A. 1,673,747 3,347,493 13.56

1990 1,031,904 N.A. N.A. 1,547,856 3,095,712 12.41

1991 1,172,975 N.A. N.A. 1,759,463 3,518,925 13.96

1992 1,391,175 N.A. N.A. 2,086,763 4,173,525 16.37

1993 1,456,200 N.A. N.A. 2,184,300 4,368,600 16.95

1994 1,593,200 N.A. N.A. 2,389,800 4,779,600 18.36

1995 1,688,890 N.A. N.A. 2,533,335 5,066,670 19.28

1996 1,777,460 N.A. N.A. 2,666,190 5,332,380 20.11

1997 1,952,600 N.A. N.A. 2,928,900 5,857,800 21.88

1998 2,115,830 N.A. N.A. 3,173,745 6,347,490 23.48

Environmental horticulture: 7/

1986 3,767,286 71,527 9,380 5,797,795 15,863,468 66.06

1987 4,072,754 72,458 12,872 6,252,854 17,113,832 70.63

1988 4,483,616 85,891 14,630 6,896,734 18,869,390 77.18

1989 4,590,384 127,746 67,592 7,071,617 19,303,231 78.21

1990 5,600,669 142,818 93,796 8,581,650 23,438,867 93.97

1991 5,825,290 149,586 108,585 8,911,626 24,338,687 96.53

1992 5,915,883 162,147 119,314 9,059,684 24,731,716 96.99

1993 5,835,501 171,430 130,596 8,943,075 24,400,598 94.67

1994 6,034,892 185,675 115,975 9,296,144 25,355,512 97.41

1995 6,401,885 235,993 110,404 9,968,206 27,147,074 103.31

1996 6,825,590 257,491 119,402 10,638,637 28,966,574 109.23

1997 7,620,773 289,211 162,339 11,838,376 32,230,171 120.38

1998 7,653,976 311,172 173,438 11,920,944 32,432,528 119.99

Total floriculture and

environmental horticulture:

1986 5,983,052 358,092 81,446 9,658,116 27,052,633 112.66

1987 6,736,606 375,944 85,905 10,821,926 30,240,115 124.81

1988 7,248,384 429,169 105,922 11,679,323 32,541,623 133.10

1989 7,776,728 498,477 106,047 12,627,595 35,056,574 142.03

1990 8,676,784 525,687 186,741 13,917,860 38,624,465 154.85

1991 9,034,986 533,261 201,442 14,450,153 39,918,420 158.33

1992 9,398,664 586,243 210,056 15,101,959 41,467,199 162.62

1993 9,382,211 637,504 222,323 15,174,216 41,558,750 161.24

1994 9,821,982 696,651 211,606 15,983,029 43,708,605 167.92

1995 10,294,445 854,506 207,229 17,053,463 46,583,409 177.28

1996 10,818,760 950,156 225,380 18,027,921 49,210,107 185.57

1997 11,841,393 1,002,556 261,052 19,626,263 53,432,807 199.57

1998 12,114,886 1,079,382 283,682 20,175,416 54,785,628 202.69

 N.A. = Not available.

 1/ Based on floriculture surveys in 36 States and USDA estimates. 2/ C.i. f. (cost, insurance, freight) custom values. 

 3/ F.a.s. (free-along-side-ship) customs values. 4/ Wholesale value at broker or distributor level including delivery to retail. 

 5/ Retail sales values of green goods and associated products and accessories through all marketing channels including delivery, installation, 

landscaping, and related services. 6/ Based on U.S. Bureau of Census resident population estimates as of July 1. 

 7/ Includes turfgrass (sod), bulbs, nursery stock, and other greenhouse and nursery products except cut Christmas trees, seeds, and food crops.

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
34 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 14--Floriculture crops: Wholesale value of production, by State, 1990-98 1/ 2/

State 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 dollars

 Alabama 35,501 51,160 50,913 55,986 49,717 49,162 56,434 72,942 75,343

 Alaska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Arizona N.A. N.A. 12,515 21,354 22,796 12,061 22,787 32,235 40,797

 Arkansas 8,196 9,721 11,680 11,936 12,348 9,167 9,754 17,738 20,985

 California 719,975 759,269 685,785 639,404 701,448 690,928 671,070 792,321 768,541

 Colorado 47,085 45,351 52,662 58,515 54,950 63,818 67,726 71,290 71,624

 Connecticut 24,543 35,382 35,452 40,881 41,542 46,251 49,473 59,939 65,064

 Delaware N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Florida 531,249 528,771 552,694 542,655 600,986 629,773 676,727 656,234 653,700

 Georgia 35,105 36,756 40,260 44,933 47,540 54,250 55,061 60,828 66,356

 Hawaii 43,220 49,863 45,145 48,893 46,281 45,213 50,687 51,993 53,879

 Idaho N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Illinois 60,861 69,974 74,688 68,314 79,432 70,506 68,572 105,200 89,576

 Indiana 40,005 43,262 42,252 43,691 43,190 36,387 34,836 41,445 39,511

 Iowa 25,813 28,906 32,481 33,458 36,977 39,401 39,473 42,308 42,194

 Kansas 19,374 22,338 24,049 22,420 24,246 24,909 22,372 27,134 29,176

 Kentucky N.A. N.A. 21,474 22,357 21,986 21,679 21,462 28,543 28,367

 Louisiana N.A. N.A. 17,584 20,913 19,284 17,034 20,071 21,807 19,526

 Maine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Maryland 26,237 28,850 30,758 34,217 31,753 32,321 30,909 37,002 50,486

 Massachusetts 35,551 36,111 49,495 54,436 53,940 72,422 69,810 75,367 70,960

 Michigan 118,751 125,833 138,933 145,574 168,385 184,625 185,253 211,384 235,323

 Minnesota 41,071 42,588 49,671 50,052 51,414 54,578 54,322 65,889 68,501

 Mississippi N.A. N.A. 9,139 9,349 7,031 9,536 10,750 19,968 14,841

 Missouri 31,018 33,049 35,449 38,014 37,613 36,483 34,865 42,173 43,610

 Montana N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Nebraska N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Nevada N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 New Hampshire N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 New Jersey 64,228 61,678 65,569 81,200 90,998 96,898 94,685 120,100 121,395

 New Mexico N.A. N.A. 25,413 19,181 23,232 21,062 21,208 25,779 28,904

 New York 126,133 112,730 136,508 127,806 125,237 126,192 108,623 147,494 159,458

 North Carolina 71,767 74,986 82,235 85,113 81,222 82,112 95,804 114,524 122,552

 North Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Ohio 119,835 126,883 143,427 148,982 155,338 155,499 154,718 177,073 172,197

 Oklahoma N.A. N.A. 14,213 15,356 15,977 13,932 13,106 16,071 18,336

 Oregon 49,220 53,727 51,095 60,042 66,135 67,283 73,958 88,732 93,878

 Pennsylvania 97,142 100,375 104,926 105,885 108,315 114,680 131,587 148,781 132,119

 Rhode Island N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 South Carolina N.A. N.A. 15,379 15,745 21,998 25,060 25,478 39,065 38,101

 South Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Tennessee 25,040 26,646 27,254 30,396 31,629 34,545 35,184 45,683 45,836

 Texas 125,702 139,351 157,656 181,171 174,733 179,934 183,852 181,254 193,414

 Utah N.A. N.A. 20,707 23,499 24,795 28,305 26,486 28,190 28,794

 Vermont N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Virginia 38,903 40,364 44,387 47,820 51,670 52,287 61,014 70,835 70,485

 Washington 52,652 67,765 71,182 68,765 68,496 73,187 71,452 92,620 98,918

 West Virginia N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Wisconsin 37,830 43,749 49,358 54,813 54,278 57,152 57,481 66,109 61,131

 Wyoming N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

Total 2,652,007 2,795,438 3,022,388 3,073,126 3,246,912 3,328,632 3,407,320 3,896,050 3,933,878

 N.A. = Not available. 

1/ Includes cut flowers, cut cultivated greens, potted flowering plants, potted foliage plants, bedding and garden plants.

2/ Data for years prior to 1992 include 28 States. Data from 1992 include 36 States.

Source: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 35

Table 15--Floriculture crops: Growers and growing area, major States, 1985-98 1/

Fiberglass, Film Total Shade and Total Total covered

Year Glass other rigid plastic greenhouse temporary covered Open and open

Growers greenhouses greenhouses 2/ greenhouses cover cover area ground ground area

Number --1,000 square feet--

1985 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 316,683 243,440 560,123 747,446 1,307,569

1986 7,125 N.A. 180,081 157,931 338,012 280,380 618,392 802,637 1,421,029

1987 8,778 87,511 112,544 200,450 400,505 296,172 696,677 1,068,832 1,765,509

1988 8,782 78,992 112,022 215,262 406,276 319,635 725,911 1,113,132 1,839,043

1989 8,787 77,326 104,779 219,215 401,320 315,291 716,611 1,123,500 1,840,111

1990 9,259 78,406 100,364 227,152 405,922 314,121 720,043 1,138,266 1,858,309

1991 9,313 76,573 100,689 238,261 415,503 339,944 755,448 1,212,362 1,967,810

1992 10,395 80,438 113,475 263,481 457,394 349,408 806,802 1,269,338 2,076,140

1993 10,463 80,362 124,598 264,855 469,815 339,345 809,160 1,254,223 2,063,383

1994 10,263 76,013 110,378 278,185 464,576 348,530 813,106 1,178,472 1,991,578

1995 10,158 70,199 109,897 308,220 488,316 355,422 843,738 1,294,908 2,138,646

1996 10,070 70,286 102,747 293,675 466,708 374,738 841,446 1,266,768 2,108,214

1997 12,717 74,193 106,346 356,270 536,809 393,462 930,271 1,546,685 2,476,956

1998 14,308 78,117 113,287 462,763 654,167 419,547 1,073,714 2,036,996 3,110,710

 Acres

1985 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 7,270 5,589 12,859 17,159 30,018

1986 7,125 N.A. 4,134 3,626 7,760 6,437 14,196 18,426 32,622

1987 8,778 2,009 2,584 4,602 9,194 6,799 15,994 24,537 40,531

1988 8,782 1,813 2,572 4,942 9,327 7,338 16,665 25,554 42,219

1989 8,787 1,775 2,405 5,032 9,213 7,238 16,451 25,792 42,243

1990 9,259 1,800 2,304 5,215 9,319 7,211 16,530 26,131 42,661

1991 9,313 1,758 2,312 5,470 9,539 7,804 17,343 27,832 45,175

1992 10,395 1,847 2,605 6,049 10,500 8,021 18,522 29,140 47,662

1993 10,463 1,845 2,860 6,080 10,785 7,790 18,576 28,793 47,369

1994 10,263 1,745 2,534 6,386 10,665 8,001 18,666 27,054 45,720

1995 10,158 1,612 2,523 7,076 11,210 8,159 19,370 29,727 49,097

1996 10,070 1,614 2,359 6,742 10,714 8,603 19,317 29,081 48,398

1997 12,717 1,703 2,441 8,179 12,323 9,033 21,356 35,507 56,863

1998 14,308 1,793 2,601 10,624 15,018 9,631 24,649 46,763 71,412

 N.A. = Not available.

 1/ Includes production area for the major States listed in table 13 for cut flowers, potted flowering plants, foliage plants, bedding plants, cut 

cultivated greens, and hanging baskets. Excluded mushrooms, greenhouse vegetables, bulbs, seeds, groundcovers, sod, and other nursery 

products. Data are not comparable for all years. Based on the 1997 U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1997 data shown in this table for total area

are estimated to be 64 percent complete of U.S. totals; total greenhouse cover is estimated to be 70 percent complete; and open ground 

(including semiprotected areas) is estimated to be 63 percent complete of the U.S. total.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
36 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 16--Floriculture crops: Growing area by type of cover, operations less than $100,000 in sales, 1993-98 1/

Fiberglass, Film Total Shade and Total Total covered

Year Glass other rigid plastic greenhouse temporary covered Open and open

Growers greenhouses greenhouses greenhouses cover cover area ground ground area

Number --1,000 square feet-- --Acres--

1993 5,878 7,519 15,907 45,083 68,509 27,528 96,037 5,227 7,432

1994 5,632 7,179 13,346 48,234 68,759 30,160 98,919 4,893 7,164

1995 5,501 6,522 13,177 44,127 63,826 34,774 98,600 4,977 7,241

1996 5,387 6,135 12,980 44,940 64,055 34,938 98,993 5,157 7,430

1997 7,473 8,661 14,194 62,272 85,127 41,026 126,153 7,308 10,204

1998 9,131 8,872 17,192 93,958 120,022 44,977 164,999 11,992 15,780

See footnote at end of table.

Table 16--Floriculture crops: Growing area by type of cover, operations $100,000 or more in sales, 1993-98 1/--Continued

Fiberglass, Film Total Shade and Total Total covered

Year Glass other rigid plastic greenhouse temporary covered Open and open

Growers greenhouses greenhouses greenhouses cover cover area ground ground area

Number --1,000 square feet-- --Acres--

1993 4,585 72,843 108,691 219,772 401,306 311,817 713,123 23,566 39,937

1994 4,631 68,834 97,032 229,951 395,817 318,370 714,187 22,161 38,556

1995 4,657 63,677 96,720 264,093 424,490 320,648 745,138 24,750 41,856

1996 4,683 64,151 89,767 248,735 402,653 339,800 742,453 23,924 40,968

1997 5,244 65,532 92,152 293,998 451,682 352,436 804,118 28,199 46,659

1998 5,177 69,245 96,095 368,805 534,145 374,570 908,715 34,771 55,632

See footnote at end of table.

Table 16--Floriculture crops: Growing area by type of cover, all operations , 1993-98 1/--Continued

Fiberglass, Film Total Shade and Total Total covered

Year Glass other rigid plastic greenhouse temporary covered Open and open

Growers greenhouses greenhouses greenhouses cover cover area ground ground area

Number --1,000 square feet-- --Acres--

1993 10,463 80,362 124,598 264,855 469,815 339,345 809,160 28,793 47,369

1994 10,263 76,013 110,378 278,185 464,576 348,530 813,106 27,054 45,720

1995 10,158 70,199 109,897 308,220 488,316 355,422 843,738 29,727 49,097

1996 10,070 70,286 102,747 293,675 466,708 374,738 841,446 29,081 48,398

1997 12,717 74,193 106,346 356,270 536,809 393,462 930,271 35,507 56,863

1998 14,308 78,117 113,287 462,763 654,167 419,547 1,073,714 46,763 71,412

 N.A. = Not available.

1/ Includes cut flowers, potted flowering plants, foliage plants, bedding plants, cut cultivated greens, and hanging baskets. Excludes bulbs, seeds,

mushrooms, greenhouse vegetables, groundcovers, sod, and other greenhouse/nursery products. Data are not available prior to 1993.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 37

Table 17--Floriculture crops: Growers and growing area, by States, 1991-98 1/ 2/

 Year, Fiberglass Film plastic Total Shade and Total Total cover

 region, and Total Glass and (single/ greenhouse temporary covered Open and open

 State growers greenhouses other rigid double) cover cover area 3/ ground 3/ ground area

greenhouses greenhouses 3/

Number --1,000 square feet-- --Acres--

1991:

 Northeast: 1,785 17,522 5,757 33,386 56,665 780 57,445 1,803 3,122

 Connecticut 192 982 313 3,568 4,863 98 4,961 133 247

 Massachusetts 220 2,159 724 3,735 6,618 87 6,705 148 302

 New Jersey 322 2,926 558 7,632 11,116 170 11,286 1,080 1,339

 New York 546 6,237 2,209 8,697 17,143 188 17,331 278 676

 Pennsylvania 505 5,218 1,953 9,754 16,925 237 17,162 164 558

 North Central: 2,619 25,000 9,958 57,557 92,495 1,411 93,907 2,682 4,838

 Illinois 348 3,267 1,431 5,504 10,202 328 10,530 403 645

 Indiana 249 2,335 986 3,142 6,463 147 6,610 72 224

 Iowa 168 775 735 2,617 4,107 83 4,190 25 121

 Kansas 86 91 697 2,340 3,128 67 3,195 10 83

 Michigan 470 4,600 2,500 19,000 26,100 210 26,310 1,700 2,304

 Minnesota 231 953 1,239 4,666 6,858 125 6,984 64 224

 Missouri 199 878 540 4,053 5,471 87 5,558 35 163

 Ohio 539 10,408 1,259 11,417 23,084 288 23,372 254 791

 Wisconsin 329 1,693 571 4,818 7,082 76 7,158 119 283

 South: 2,872 11,553 24,243 75,185 110,981 298,017 408,998 11,149 20,538

 Alabama 190 331 595 6,471 7,397 150 7,547 123 296

 Arkansas 92 87 227 1,632 1,946 25 1,971 40 85

 Florida 1,233 4,216 16,311 27,823 48,350 292,342 340,692 9,414 17,235

 Georgia 207 197 660 4,918 5,775 318 6,093 128 268

 Maryland 202 1,196 591 2,492 4,279 156 4,435 196 298

 North Carolina 185 1,638 294 9,009 10,941 436 11,377 573 834

 Tennessee 186 1,293 204 3,643 5,140 162 5,302 53 175

 Texas 337 1,651 5,000 14,622 21,273 4,112 25,385 357 940

 Virginia 240 944 361 4,575 5,880 316 6,196 265 407

 West: 2,037 22,498 60,731 72,133 155,362 39,736 195,098 12,198 16,677

 California 1,080 19,000 47,000 60,000 126,000 18,000 144,000 8,900 12,206

 Colorado 155 315 7,245 1,810 9,370 125 9,495 72 290

 Hawaii 371 18 3,310 1,375 4,703 20,575 25,278 855 1,435

 Oregon 209 1,334 2,535 4,756 8,625 760 9,385 826 1,041

 Washington 222 1,831 641 4,192 6,664 276 6,940 1,545 1,704

Total 9,313 76,573 100,689 238,261 415,503 339,944 755,448 27,832 45,175

See footnotes at end of table.
38 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 17--Floriculture crops: Growers and growing area, by States, 1991-98 1/ 2/--Continued

 Year, Fiberglass Film plastic Total Shade and Total Total cover

 region, and Total Glass and (single/ greenhouse temporary covered Open and open

 State growers greenhouses other rigid double) cover cover area 3/ ground 3/ ground area

greenhouses greenhouses 3/

Number --1,000 square feet-- --Acres--

1992:

 Northeast: 2,108 17,879 6,149 36,832 60,860 826 61,686 2,286 3,702

 Connecticut 211 1,236 432 3,928 5,596 61 5,657 164 294

 Massachusetts 362 2,289 1,249 4,795 8,333 171 8,504 247 442

 New Jersey 320 3,145 680 7,471 11,296 107 11,403 1,169 1,431

 New York 644 6,047 1,723 10,803 18,573 276 18,849 467 900

 Pennsylvania 571 5,162 2,065 9,835 17,062 211 17,273 239 636

 North Central: 2,768 24,718 11,524 61,062 97,304 1,604 98,908 2,751 5,022

 Illinois 348 3,326 1,459 5,545 10,330 274 10,604 365 608

 Indiana 255 2,488 1,051 3,431 6,970 150 7,120 86 249

 Iowa 202 639 1,117 2,587 4,343 80 4,423 27 129

 Kansas 84 88 548 2,433 3,069 47 3,116 21 93

 Michigan 510 4,500 2,600 20,000 27,100 280 27,380 1,760 2,389

 Minnesota 224 887 1,698 4,917 7,502 129 7,631 59 234

 Missouri 204 819 601 4,239 5,659 69 5,728 39 170

 Ohio 566 10,221 1,561 12,862 24,644 397 25,041 226 801

 Wisconsin 375 1,750 889 5,048 7,687 178 7,865 168 349

 South: 3,407 13,588 31,331 87,593 132,512 309,079 441,591 11,523 21,661

 Alabama 202 366 917 6,897 8,180 107 8,287 115 305

 Arkansas 83 33 273 2,090 2,396 14 2,410 13 68

 Florida 1,203 4,311 16,000 30,554 50,865 302,794 353,659 9,432 17,551

 Georgia 218 469 925 5,334 6,728 340 7,068 137 299

 Kentucky 4/ 175 747 559 2,837 4,143 67 4,210 44 141

 Louisiana 4/ 110 318 853 2,383 3,554 116 3,670 84 168

 Maryland 160 1,154 790 2,609 4,553 149 4,702 209 317

 Mississippi 4/ 59 196 172 2,040 2,408 63 2,471 64 121

 North Carolina 194 1,528 278 9,265 11,071 561 11,632 596 863

 Oklahoma 4/ 120 155 600 1,704 2,459 187 2,646 37 98

 South Carolina 4/ 114 698 193 2,088 2,979 94 3,073 74 145

 Tennessee 193 1,070 303 3,770 5,143 196 5,339 82 205

 Texas 362 1,589 9,115 11,569 22,273 3,627 25,900 375 970

 Virginia 214 954 353 4,453 5,760 764 6,524 261 411

 West: 2,112 24,253 64,471 77,994 166,718 37,899 204,617 12,582 17,279

 Arizona 4/ 46 1 240 1,310 1,551 670 2,221 270 321

 California 1,050 20,500 47,500 61,500 129,500 19,500 149,000 9,000 12,421

 Colorado 145 450 7,650 1,670 9,770 155 9,925 61 289

 Hawaii 337 17 3,255 1,130 4,402 16,475 20,877 865 1,344

 New Mexico 4/ 55 133 1,264 2,036 3,433 105 3,538 58 139

 Oregon 181 1,267 2,260 4,329 7,856 742 8,598 814 1,011

 Utah 4/ 88 40 1,547 1,474 3,061 126 3,187 29 102

 Washington 210 1,845 755 4,545 7,145 126 7,271 1,485 1,652

Total 10,395 80,438 113,475 263,481 457,394 349,408 806,802 29,142 47,664

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 39

Table 17--Floriculture crops: Growers and growing area, by States, 1991-98 1/ 2/--Continued

 Year, Fiberglass Film plastic Total Shade and Total Total cover

 region, and Total Glass and (single/ greenhouse temporary covered Open and open

 State growers greenhouses other rigid double) cover cover area 3/ ground 3/ ground area

greenhouses greenhouses 3/

Number --1,000 square feet-- --Acres--

1993:

 Northeast: 2,355 17,825 6,767 40,382 64,974 835 65,809 2,728 4,239

 Connecticut 250 1,290 497 4,029 5,816 145 5,961 196 333

 Massachusetts 438 2,188 1,549 5,461 9,198 71 9,269 238 451

 New Jersey 363 3,485 751 7,611 11,847 75 11,922 1,467 1,741

 New York 578 5,828 1,468 11,808 19,104 313 19,417 379 825

 Pennsylvania 726 5,034 2,502 11,473 19,009 231 19,240 448 890

 North Central: 2,706 24,329 13,313 63,151 100,793 1,740 102,533 3,041 5,395

 Illinois 298 3,014 1,386 5,124 9,524 202 9,726 357 580

 Indiana 246 2,428 1,380 3,727 7,535 129 7,664 136 312

 Iowa 198 621 1,134 2,738 4,493 79 4,572 48 153

 Kansas 77 74 499 2,892 3,465 31 3,496 24 104

 Michigan 540 4,380 2,750 21,000 28,130 470 28,600 1,830 2,487

 Minnesota 213 812 1,631 5,269 7,712 124 7,836 106 286

 Missouri 177 699 662 4,196 5,557 198 5,755 37 169

 Ohio 590 10,459 2,343 13,416 26,218 253 26,471 243 851

 Wisconsin 367 1,842 1,528 4,789 8,159 254 8,413 260 453

 South: 3,426 13,862 32,495 97,251 143,608 300,022 443,630 10,836 21,020

 Alabama 205 364 473 7,303 8,140 125 8,265 96 286

 Arkansas 84 42 87 2,199 2,328 15 2,343 5 59

 Florida 1,096 4,039 19,288 32,942 56,269 291,577 347,846 9,072 17,057

 Georgia 229 583 1,254 5,161 6,998 253 7,251 98 264

 Kentucky 4/ 174 764 578 2,758 4,100 99 4,199 44 140

 Louisiana 4/ 111 373 867 1,722 2,962 175 3,137 95 167

 Maryland 153 1,138 800 2,613 4,551 220 4,771 191 301

 Mississippi 4/ 59 123 161 2,676 2,960 48 3,008 86 155

 North Carolina 185 1,463 305 9,290 11,058 439 11,497 393 657

 Oklahoma 4/ 116 137 597 1,754 2,488 202 2,690 43 105

 South Carolina 4/ 97 945 699 1,808 3,452 90 3,542 59 140

 Tennessee 188 973 279 4,057 5,309 153 5,462 70 195

 Texas 508 1,933 6,749 18,706 27,388 5,714 33,102 333 1,093

 Virginia 221 985 358 4,262 5,605 912 6,517 251 401

 West: 1,976 24,346 72,023 64,071 160,440 36,748 197,188 12,188 16,715

 Arizona 4/ 38 3 120 1,370 1,493 910 2,403 272 327

 California 938 20,500 53,000 46,500 120,000 17,500 137,500 8,500 11,657

 Colorado 129 350 8,200 1,555 10,105 150 10,255 42 277

 Hawaii 325 29 3,850 1,040 4,919 16,920 21,839 900 1,401

 New Mexico 4/ 48 178 1,377 1,758 3,313 37 3,350 19 96

 Oregon 212 1,295 3,157 5,522 9,974 901 10,875 1,180 1,430

 Utah 4/ 87 123 1,526 1,720 3,369 165 3,534 46 127

 Washington 199 1,868 793 4,606 7,267 165 7,432 1,229 1,400

Total 10,463 80,362 124,598 264,855 469,815 339,345 809,160 28,793 47,369

See footnotes at end of table.
40 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 17--Floriculture crops: Growers and growing area, by States, 1991-98 1/ 2/--Continued

 Year, Fiberglass Film plastic Total Shade and Total Total cover

 region, and Total Glass and (single/ greenhouse temporary covered Open and open

 State growers greenhouses other rigid double) cover cover area 3/ ground 3/ ground area

greenhouses greenhouses 3/

Number --1,000 square feet-- --Acres--

1994:

 Northeast: 2,266 17,799 5,972 40,997 64,768 817 65,585 2,625 4,131

 Connecticut 230 1,310 352 4,053 5,715 90 5,805 145 278

 Massachusetts 382 2,059 1,325 4,984 8,368 113 8,481 191 386

 New Jersey 358 3,724 613 7,855 12,192 76 12,268 1,518 1,800

 New York 573 5,457 1,192 13,082 19,731 307 20,038 395 855

 Pennsylvania 723 5,249 2,490 11,023 18,762 231 18,993 376 812

 North Central: 2,675 23,722 12,703 67,191 103,616 1,703 105,319 3,133 5,551

 Illinois 282 2,746 1,282 5,464 9,492 203 9,695 396 619

 Indiana 252 2,144 1,033 4,615 7,792 176 7,968 197 380

 Iowa 199 641 1,251 2,860 4,752 73 4,825 52 163

 Kansas 75 45 422 2,859 3,326 64 3,390 20 98

 Michigan 540 4,450 3,300 22,000 29,750 515 30,265 1,900 2,595

 Minnesota 219 747 1,576 5,816 8,139 79 8,218 123 312

 Missouri 191 718 656 4,395 5,769 127 5,896 41 176

 Ohio 567 10,560 1,686 14,126 26,372 184 26,556 188 798

 Wisconsin 350 1,671 1,497 5,056 8,224 282 8,506 216 411

 South: 3,221 13,898 25,693 98,069 137,660 307,584 445,244 9,651 19,872

 Alabama 187 462 727 7,081 8,270 78 8,348 81 273

 Arkansas 95 25 91 2,162 2,278 147 2,425 47 103

 Florida 1,057 5,478 13,151 32,757 51,386 298,209 349,595 7,868 15,894

 Georgia 221 308 1,135 5,738 7,181 238 7,419 112 282

 Kentucky 4/ 161 555 490 2,818 3,863 54 3,917 65 155

 Louisiana 4/ 108 365 830 2,048 3,243 189 3,432 108 187

 Maryland 144 1,254 610 2,683 4,547 230 4,777 196 306

 Mississippi 4/ 49 118 120 2,389 2,627 134 2,761 74 137

 North Carolina 182 1,411 357 9,425 11,193 779 11,972 346 621

 Oklahoma 4/ 128 194 688 1,788 2,670 88 2,758 56 119

 South Carolina 4/ 127 619 619 2,349 3,587 204 3,791 179 266

 Tennessee 181 967 259 5,540 6,766 177 6,943 56 215

 Texas 377 1,098 6,393 16,782 24,273 6,293 30,566 207 909

 Virginia 204 1,044 223 4,509 5,776 764 6,540 256 406

 West: 1,975 20,686 65,254 73,013 158,953 37,235 196,188 12,015 16,519

 Arizona 4/ 36 3 80 1,180 1,263 910 2,173 300 350

 California 911 16,600 46,200 53,000 115,800 17,300 133,100 8,600 11,656

 Colorado 140 385 8,050 1,975 10,410 195 10,605 42 285

 Hawaii 329 22 3,470 1,205 4,697 17,265 21,962 850 1,354

 New Mexico 4/ 50 331 2,101 1,541 3,973 50 4,023 17 109

 Oregon 215 1,466 2,631 7,014 11,111 1,147 12,258 915 1,196

 Utah 4/ 96 71 1,622 2,451 4,144 188 4,332 81 180

 Washington 198 1,808 1,100 4,647 7,555 180 7,735 1,210 1,388

Total 10,137 76,105 109,622 279,270 464,997 347,339 812,336 27,424 46,073

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 41

Table 17--Floriculture crops: Growers and growing area, by States, 1991-98 1/ 2/--Continued

 Year, Fiberglass Film plastic Total Shade and Total Total cover

 region, and Total Glass and (single/ greenhouse temporary covered Open and open

 State growers greenhouses other rigid double) cover cover area 3/ ground 3/ ground area

greenhouses greenhouses 3/

Number --1,000 square feet-- --Acres--

1995:

 Northeast: 2,300 15,790 6,916 43,440 66,146 1,196 67,342 3,354 4,900

 Connecticut 267 1,360 506 4,253 6,119 150 6,269 210 354

 Massachusetts 447 2,214 1,349 6,119 9,682 174 9,856 322 548

 New Jersey 375 3,053 799 8,915 12,767 152 12,919 2,145 2,442

 New York 548 4,612 1,496 12,079 18,187 434 18,621 351 778

 Pennsylvania 663 4,551 2,766 12,074 19,391 286 19,677 326 778

 North Central: 2,603 22,265 11,333 70,861 104,459 1,810 106,269 3,069 5,509

 Illinois 276 2,567 1,116 5,777 9,460 175 9,635 345 566

 Indiana 255 1,479 636 4,305 6,420 169 6,589 134 285

 Iowa 174 606 1,407 2,920 4,933 84 5,017 62 177

 Kansas 72 52 400 3,185 3,637 176 3,813 15 103

 Michigan 566 4,658 3,146 24,318 32,122 549 32,671 2,041 2,791

 Minnesota 223 881 1,513 5,841 8,235 99 8,334 85 276

 Missouri 186 715 663 4,310 5,688 74 5,762 47 179

 Ohio 515 9,766 1,498 14,385 25,649 218 25,867 162 756

 Wisconsin 336 1,541 954 5,820 8,315 266 8,581 178 375

 South: 3,186 13,790 27,265 117,562 158,617 310,788 469,405 10,981 21,757

 Alabama 190 333 856 7,012 8,201 201 8,402 87 280

 Arkansas 83 15 56 2,203 2,274 108 2,382 53 108

 Florida 1,027 4,873 16,144 48,904 69,921 303,156 373,077 9,176 17,741

 Georgia 219 294 1,254 5,841 7,389 187 7,576 115 289

 Kentucky 4/ 162 368 488 2,993 3,849 58 3,907 57 147

 Louisiana 4/ 95 350 532 2,427 3,309 212 3,521 59 140

 Maryland 130 1,057 530 2,818 4,405 209 4,614 183 289

 Mississippi 4/ 79 226 287 2,474 2,987 169 3,156 70 142

 North Carolina 177 1,410 360 8,882 10,652 697 11,349 405 666

 Oklahoma 4/ 123 155 537 1,882 2,574 108 2,682 43 105

 South Carolina 4/ 112 533 317 1,993 2,843 78 2,921 200 267

 Tennessee 162 1,036 153 4,366 5,555 205 5,760 51 183

 Texas 427 1,536 5,315 21,785 28,636 4,430 33,066 230 989

 Virginia 200 1,604 436 3,982 6,022 970 6,992 252 413

 West: 2,069 18,354 64,383 76,357 159,094 41,628 200,722 12,325 16,933

 Arizona 4/ 28 0 364 1,073 1,437 505 1,942 206 251

 California 980 14,328 45,647 55,243 115,218 19,823 135,041 9,072 12,172

 Colorado 164 344 8,009 2,423 10,776 276 11,052 66 320

 Hawaii 349 15 3,556 1,444 5,015 19,499 24,514 648 1,211

 New Mexico 4/ 50 374 1,802 1,443 3,619 46 3,665 18 102

 Oregon 215 1,496 2,518 7,662 11,676 1,129 12,805 1,020 1,314

 Utah 4/ 90 55 1,322 2,290 3,667 186 3,853 130 218

 Washington 193 1,742 1,165 4,779 7,686 164 7,850 1,165 1,345

Total 10,158 70,199 109,897 308,220 488,316 355,422 843,738 29,729 49,099

See footnotes at end of table.
42 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 17--Floriculture crops: Growers and growing area, by States, 1991-98 1/ 2/--Continued

 Year, Fiberglass Film plastic Total Shade and Total Total cover

 region, and Total Glass and (single/ greenhouse temporary covered Open and open

 State growers greenhouses other rigid double) cover cover area 3/ ground 3/ ground area

greenhouses greenhouses 3/

Number --1,000 square feet-- --Acres--

1996:

 Northeast: 2,394 16,408 7,309 45,553 69,270 1,807 71,077 3,249 4,881

 Connecticut 252 1,316 546 4,287 6,149 220 6,369 168 314

 Massachusetts 416 2,202 1,239 6,006 9,447 181 9,628 319 540

 New Jersey 359 3,237 674 8,987 12,898 344 13,242 1,815 2,119

 New York 569 4,539 1,496 13,266 19,301 511 19,812 410 865

 Pennsylvania 798 5,114 3,354 13,007 21,475 551 22,026 537 1,043

 North Central: 2,586 21,776 12,473 71,152 105,401 2,277 107,678 2,945 5,417

 Illinois 244 2,469 835 6,060 9,364 238 9,602 361 581

 Indiana 234 1,294 650 4,055 5,999 158 6,157 122 263

 Iowa 191 578 1,360 3,401 5,339 116 5,455 69 194

 Kansas 68 60 377 3,003 3,440 234 3,674 19 103

 Michigan 560 4,316 3,444 24,564 32,324 800 33,124 1,797 2,557

 Minnesota 216 769 1,853 6,009 8,631 107 8,738 158 359

 Missouri 172 650 648 4,032 5,330 75 5,405 60 184

 Ohio 563 10,132 2,213 14,049 26,394 322 26,716 195 808

 Wisconsin 338 1,508 1,093 5,979 8,580 227 8,807 164 366

 South: 3,065 14,051 19,873 103,977 137,901 329,358 467,259 11,292 22,019

 Alabama 175 327 700 6,625 7,652 85 7,737 76 254

 Arkansas 78 12 84 1,894 1,990 72 2,062 114 161

 Florida 1,015 4,374 10,439 36,225 51,038 321,508 372,546 9,438 17,990

 Georgia 204 341 1,122 5,856 7,319 677 7,996 98 282

 Kentucky 4/ 154 391 414 3,134 3,939 109 4,048 47 140

 Louisiana 4/ 94 276 486 2,502 3,264 163 3,427 72 151

 Maryland 114 1,071 455 2,630 4,156 63 4,219 189 286

 Mississippi 4/ 67 185 209 1,395 1,789 102 1,891 76 119

 North Carolina 252 2,001 432 10,576 13,009 877 13,886 424 743

 Oklahoma 4/ 109 139 548 2,279 2,966 142 3,108 32 103

 South Carolina 4/ 95 509 302 2,038 2,849 361 3,210 195 269

 Tennessee 166 976 215 4,365 5,556 146 5,702 83 214

 Texas 358 1,107 4,094 19,718 24,919 4,397 29,316 223 896

 Virginia 184 2,342 373 4,740 7,455 656 8,111 225 411

 West: 2,025 18,051 63,092 72,993 154,136 41,296 195,432 11,599 16,086

 Arizona 4/ 23 0 263 758 1,021 407 1,428 254 287

 California 954 13,904 45,132 51,861 110,897 19,518 130,415 8,069 11,063

 Colorado 163 468 7,995 2,322 10,785 322 11,107 73 328

 Hawaii 353 2 2,573 1,180 3,755 19,316 23,071 666 1,196

 New Mexico 4/ 43 286 1,770 1,650 3,706 32 3,738 26 112

 Oregon 210 1,805 2,234 7,607 11,646 1,411 13,057 1,255 1,555

 Utah 4/ 93 42 2,171 2,256 4,469 118 4,587 98 203

 Washington 186 1,544 954 5,359 7,857 172 8,029 1,158 1,342

Total 10,070 70,286 102,747 293,675 466,708 374,738 841,446 29,081 48,402

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 43

Table 17--Floriculture crops: Growers and growing area, by States, 1991-98 1/ 2/--Continued

 Year, Fiberglass Film plastic Total Shade and Total Total cover

 region, and Total Glass and (single/ greenhouse temporary covered Open and open

 State growers greenhouses other rigid double) cover cover area 3/ ground 3/ ground area

greenhouses greenhouses 3/

Number --1,000 square feet-- --Acres--

1997:

 Northeast: 3,021 17,168 7,249 58,807 83,224 1,475 84,699 3,911 5,855

 Connecticut 293 1,431 837 5,429 7,697 282 7,979 329 512

 Massachusetts 499 1,937 1,180 7,051 10,168 155 10,323 388 625

 New Jersey 474 3,660 1,054 14,964 19,678 259 19,937 1,915 2,373

 New York 897 5,297 1,734 15,604 22,635 394 23,029 779 1,308

 Pennsylvania 858 4,843 2,444 15,759 23,046 385 23,431 500 1,038

 North Central: 3,275 23,303 13,841 87,696 124,840 3,089 127,929 4,248 7,185

 Illinois 368 2,535 2,168 7,304 12,007 695 12,702 842 1,134

 Indiana 286 1,445 919 4,636 7,000 194 7,194 227 392

 Iowa 194 485 1,373 4,229 6,087 88 6,175 45 187

 Kansas 100 185 383 3,497 4,065 331 4,396 32 133

 Michigan 750 4,420 3,467 29,791 37,678 665 38,343 2,414 3,294

 Minnesota 273 618 1,889 6,542 9,049 146 9,195 169 380

 Missouri 238 732 559 5,425 6,716 73 6,789 72 228

 Ohio 669 11,133 1,907 19,826 32,866 457 33,323 203 968

 Wisconsin 397 1,750 1,176 6,446 9,372 440 9,812 244 469

 South: 3,907 13,663 21,639 124,284 159,586 344,756 504,342 13,367 24,945

 Alabama 161 407 796 7,212 8,415 64 8,479 157 352

 Arkansas 70 12 72 2,003 2,087 81 2,168 108 158

 Florida 1,371 4,752 11,672 42,057 58,481 336,420 394,901 11,097 20,163

 Georgia 244 511 460 6,972 7,943 738 8,681 168 367

 Kentucky 4/ 190 377 585 3,899 4,861 83 4,944 37 150

 Louisiana 4/ 122 251 483 2,739 3,473 144 3,617 101 184

 Maryland 138 996 735 2,865 4,596 331 4,927 189 302

 Mississippi 4/ 100 220 245 1,724 2,189 190 2,379 148 203

 North Carolina 401 1,893 645 13,711 16,249 360 16,609 372 753

 Oklahoma 4/ 124 139 549 2,967 3,655 96 3,751 26 112

 South Carolina 4/ 107 765 500 2,658 3,923 165 4,088 259 353

 Tennessee 214 1,037 164 5,618 6,819 329 7,148 111 275

 Texas 408 1,320 4,296 22,710 28,326 5,168 33,494 274 1,043

 Virginia 257 983 437 7,149 8,569 587 9,156 320 530

 West: 2,514 20,059 63,617 85,483 169,159 44,142 213,301 13,985 18,882

 Arizona 4/ 42 17 418 1,528 1,963 696 2,659 394 455

 California 1,210 15,693 45,021 59,454 120,168 19,610 139,778 9,386 12,595

 Colorado 185 436 8,099 2,683 11,218 344 11,562 74 339

 Hawaii 380 54 2,700 1,461 4,215 21,363 25,578 835 1,422

 New Mexico 4/ 50 279 1,670 1,937 3,886 63 3,949 51 142

 Oregon 287 1,601 2,718 9,120 13,439 1,722 15,161 1,334 1,682

 Utah 4/ 97 27 2,204 3,424 5,655 130 5,785 81 214

 Washington 263 1,952 787 5,876 8,615 214 8,829 1,830 2,033

Total 12,717 74,193 106,346 356,270 536,809 393,462 930,271 35,507 56,867

See footnotes at end of table.
44 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 17--Floriculture crops: Growers and growing area, by States, 1991-98 1/ 2/--Continued

 Year, Fiberglass Film plastic Total Shade and Total Total cover

 region, and Total Glass and (single/ greenhouse temporary covered Open and open

 State growers greenhouses other rigid double) cover cover area 3/ ground 3/ ground area

greenhouses greenhouses 3/

Number --1,000 square feet-- --Acres--

1998:

 Northeast: 3,225 17,592 7,103 66,005 90,700 2,263 92,963 6,355 8,489

 Connecticut 313 1,701 921 5,743 8,365 326 8,691 444 644

 Massachusetts 509 1,875 1,192 7,169 10,236 189 10,425 469 708

 New Jersey 532 3,545 909 18,508 22,962 386 23,348 2,148 2,684

 New York 965 6,089 1,134 17,698 24,921 462 25,383 1,628 2,211

 Pennsylvania 906 4,382 2,947 16,887 24,216 900 25,116 1,666 2,243

 North Central: 3,611 21,452 14,739 102,817 139,008 5,583 144,591 6,255 9,574

 Illinois 387 2,441 2,636 8,753 13,830 1,034 14,864 875 1,216

 Indiana 302 1,286 873 5,358 7,517 294 7,811 355 534

 Iowa 193 525 1,295 4,326 6,146 63 6,209 195 338

 Kansas 129 166 421 3,881 4,468 381 4,849 59 170

 Michigan 862 5,509 3,780 34,170 43,459 1,606 45,065 3,324 4,359

 Minnesota 298 455 2,122 8,285 10,862 166 11,028 325 578

 Missouri 267 636 458 5,550 6,644 291 6,935 112 271

 Ohio 756 8,680 1,953 25,036 35,669 1,326 36,995 686 1,535

 Wisconsin 417 1,754 1,201 7,458 10,413 422 10,835 324 573

 South: 4,651 13,529 27,719 187,496 228,744 374,037 602,781 18,571 32,409

 Alabama 179 436 325 8,060 8,821 370 9,191 124 335

 Arkansas 104 15 77 3,173 3,265 65 3,330 101 177

 Florida 1,533 5,056 19,174 78,370 102,600 364,567 467,167 14,530 25,255

 Georgia 325 374 266 9,516 10,156 624 10,780 221 468

 Kentucky 4/ 222 410 915 4,030 5,355 71 5,426 73 198

 Louisiana 4/ 128 324 330 3,347 4,001 120 4,121 133 228

 Maryland 208 861 835 6,592 8,288 219 8,507 232 427

 Mississippi 4/ 105 256 250 4,274 4,780 261 5,041 109 225

 North Carolina 461 1,849 736 16,216 18,801 1,521 20,322 491 958

 Oklahoma 4/ 153 155 665 2,997 3,817 174 3,991 65 157

 South Carolina 4/ 180 710 312 4,978 6,000 550 6,550 400 550

 Tennessee 242 981 188 6,571 7,740 338 8,078 192 377

 Texas 508 1,148 3,117 31,172 35,437 4,620 40,057 1,430 2,350

 Virginia 303 954 529 8,200 9,683 537 10,220 470 705

 West: 2,821 25,544 63,726 106,445 195,715 37,664 233,379 15,582 20,940

 Arizona 4/ 50 12 914 1,240 2,166 772 2,938 336 403

 California 1,296 20,385 43,220 70,012 133,617 16,979 150,596 11,062 14,519

 Colorado 196 536 7,734 3,057 11,327 349 11,676 96 364

 Hawaii 463 106 4,345 3,611 8,062 17,182 25,244 1,238 1,818

 New Mexico 4/ 51 224 1,379 2,615 4,218 90 4,308 44 143

 Oregon 361 2,200 2,846 15,078 20,124 1,636 21,760 1,784 2,284

 Utah 4/ 106 28 2,331 3,944 6,303 188 6,491 52 201

 Washington 298 2,053 957 6,888 9,898 468 10,366 970 1,208

Total 14,308 78,117 113,287 462,763 654,167 419,547 1,073,714 46,763 71,412

 1/ Includes cut flowers, cut cultivated greens, potted flowering plants, potted foliage plants, bedding and garden plants, and hanging baskets.

Excludes mushrooms, greenhouse vegetables, seeds, groundcovers, turfgrass, and nursery products. 2/ Data are not available for States not

listed. 3/ May not add due to rounding. 4/ Estimates began in 1992.

 Source: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 45

Table 18--Cut flowers and cut cultivated greens: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992

1997 1992

Region Area under Acreage Area under Acreage

and Farms glass in the Sales glass in the Sales

State or other open Total Per farm Farms or other open Total Per farm

protection protection

Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars

Northeast: 976 5,516,193 2,867 41,591 42,614 1,128 6,923,063 2,029 50,252 44,550

 Connecticut 56 344,336 (D) 2,223 39,696 67 339,016 39 1,811 27,030

 Maine 84 90,653 57 728 8,667 92 58,128 75 682 7,413

 Massachusetts 130 1,079,546 155 6,309 48,531 173 1,225,690 170 7,703 44,526

 New Hampshire 41 649,954 28 3,125 76,220 50 661,331 18 3,702 74,040

 New Jersey 190 769,631 1,678 10,544 55,495 217 675,386 1,065 9,527 43,903

 New York 239 1,183,793 570 10,280 43,013 252 1,892,048 407 13,989 55,512

 Pennsylvania 165 1,335,568 264 7,668 46,473 207 2,035,902 193 12,315 59,493

 Rhode Island 16 (D) 38 (D) N.A. 20 15,700 10 45 2,250

 Vermont 55 62,712 77 714 12,982 50 19,862 52 478 9,560

Northcentral: 791 4,352,324 3,333 37,937 47,961 1,010 7,867,031 3,659 64,862 64,220

 Illinois 79 373,798 410 3,062 38,759 103 1,036,149 596 6,680 64,854

 Indiana 67 636,359 83 3,739 55,806 93 2,469,138 106 12,543 134,871

 Iowa 37 32,164 40 367 9,919 41 74,500 26 3,836 93,561

 Kansas 25 11,200 27 (D) N.A. 28 14,040 35 133 4,750

 Michigan 180 863,270 2,132 12,257 68,094 221 1,004,385 2,248 15,999 72,394

 Minnesota 87 689,028 159 7,050 81,034 103 731,288 256 7,458 72,408

 Missouri 40 117,470 73 935 23,375 61 367,270 7 2,724 44,656

 Nebraska 4 (D) (D) 28 7,000 22 28,742 18 175 7,955

 North Dakota 6 (D) (D) (D) N.A. 19 (D) 24 312 16,421

 Ohio 155 1,329,055 (D) 7,074 45,639 189 1,836,094 171 12,688 67,132

 South Dakota 4 (D) (D) (D) N.A. 7 (D) 1 (D) (D) 

 Wisconsin 107 299,980 409 3,425 32,009 123 305,425 171 2,314 18,813

South: 1,012 50,473,589 14,346 192,721 190,436 1,198 28,075,932 12,308 122,597 102,335

 Alabama 15 80,100 51 473 31,533 32 193,750 35 862 26,938

 Arkansas 21 11,083 41 290 13,810 21 49,836 100 520 24,762

 Delaware 6 (D) 14 61 10,167 6 3,500 5 34 5,667

 Florida 481 48,615,309 13,183 175,341 364,534 548 23,539,562 11,126 102,634 187,288

 Georgia 30 185,280 70 970 32,333 36 115,440 51 697 19,361

 Kentucky 27 18,845 28 262 9,704 42 557,790 46 3,015 71,786

 Louisiana 17 25,695 (D) 161 9,471 35 142,084 50 357 10,200

 Maryland 92 385,819 138 2,773 30,141 88 174,520 (D) 1,768 20,091

 Mississippi 19 118,770 18 340 17,895 13 237,400 62 370 28,462

 North Carolina 90 449,018 231 3,239 35,989 112 554,846 222 3,654 32,625

 Oklahoma 15 54,478 19 113 7,533 15 40,720 9 120 8,000

 South Carolina 22 15,196 143 966 43,909 33 48,412 139 1,235 37,424

 Tennessee 28 122,504 39 549 19,607 48 269,762 90 1,025 21,354

 Texas 49 (D) 212 4,161 84,918 53 1,648,786 97 1,790 33,774

 Virginia 80 324,792 130 2,836 35,450 98 389,290 269 4,125 42,092

 West Virginia 20 66,700 29 186 9,300 18 110,234 7 391 21,722

West: 2,602 84,166,721 15,541 439,053 168,737 2,743 92,767,676 14,108 404,881 147,605

 Alaska 4 (D) 2 39 9,750 4 (D) (D) 7 1,750

 Arizona 13 (D) 216 1,719 132,231 11 (D) 277 1,186 107,818

 California 1,245 66,377,505 10,966 368,056 295,627 1,112 68,524,729 9,536 313,240 281,691

 Colorado 61 2,533,572 44 12,457 204,213 104 5,258,236 74 24,365 234,279

 Hawaii 755 12,156,614 1,551 29,838 39,521 958 16,499,708 1,690 36,371 37,966

 Idaho 23 (D) 20 761 33,087 30 90,220 33 931 31,033

 Montana 19 (D) 19 73 3,842 20 69,421 28 490 24,500

 Nevada 3 (D) (D) (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 New Mexico 18 (D) 20 (D) N.A. 26 (D) 18 (D) (D) 

 Oregon 279 2,225,425 1,235 15,229 54,584 282 1,484,261 861 11,362 40,291

 Utah 11 (D) 6 (D) N.A. 17 (D) 9 (D) (D) 

 Washington 170 873,605 1,462 10,881 64,006 179 841,101 1,582 16,929 94,575

 Wyoming 1 (D) N.A. (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

United States 5,381 149,650,921 36,394 717,612 133,360 6,065 137,462,732 32,258 645,104 106,365

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals.

 N.A. = Not available.

 Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
46 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 19--Cut flowers: Quantity, price, and value of U.S. imports, 1991-98

Quantity 1/

Variety, type 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Stems

Miniature carnations, fresh 108,279,188 115,308,942 132,499,725 292,899,708 338,775,080 351,627,253 372,442,239 348,137,013

Standard carnations, fresh 652,271,193 809,460,926 817,602,606 791,740,109 843,935,274 913,640,600 834,952,401 711,964,711

All carnations, fresh 760,550,381 924,769,868 950,102,331 1,084,639,817 1,182,710,354 1,265,267,853 1,207,394,640 1,060,101,724

Sweetheart roses, fresh 9,783,714 1,717,231 3,607,251 6,391,641 3,228,430 4,383,990 4,762,417 5,540,411

Hybrid tea roses, fresh 447,797,162 519,135,268 610,033,278 671,369,200 773,764,207 837,413,908 944,465,748 976,818,088

All roses, fresh 457,580,876 520,852,499 613,640,529 677,760,841 776,992,637 841,797,898 949,228,165 982,358,499

Pompom chrysanthemums, fresh 201,376,631 157,398,315 187,968,300 557,804,183 591,446,883 611,575,923 537,971,744 560,866,371

Standard chrysanthemums, fresh 43,715,625 37,144,667 43,295,401 45,667,171 51,276,846 52,174,238 52,214,276 49,407,377

All chrysanthemums, fresh 245,092,256 194,542,982 231,263,701 603,471,354 642,723,729 663,750,161 590,186,020 610,273,748

Anthuriums, fresh 1,593,932 1,541,467 1,745,995 1,538,905 1,553,619 1,504,495 1,046,573 602,932

Dendrobium orchids, fresh 11,281,879 11,104,202 14,043,812 16,839,056 15,926,318 28,431,089 29,265,688 41,969,640

Other orchids, fresh 4,235,989 5,786,413 6,231,997 6,368,465 6,033,620 6,423,698 4,864,517 4,527,118

All orchids, fresh 15,517,868 16,890,615 20,275,809 23,207,521 21,959,938 34,854,787 34,130,205 46,496,758

Other fresh cut flowers N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

All fresh cut flowers N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

All other cut flowers, 

dried, dyed, etc. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

Total cut flowers, 

fresh and prepared N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 19--Cut flowers: Quantity, price, and value of U.S. imports, 1991-98

Unit value 2/

Variety, type 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

 Dollars

Miniature carnations, fresh 0.21 0.20 0.17 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11

Standard carnations, fresh 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10

All carnations, fresh 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11

Sweetheart roses, fresh 0.23 0.33 0.21 0.20 0.37 0.31 0.29 0.28

Hybrid tea roses, fresh 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.22

All roses, fresh 0.20 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.22

Pompom chrysanthemums, fresh 0.23 0.35 0.29 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.13

Standard chrysanthemums, fresh 0.20 0.21 0.33 0.20 0.18 0.22 0.21 0.20

All chrysanthemums, fresh 0.23 0.32 0.30 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.14

Anthuriums, fresh 0.55 0.57 0.53 0.53 0.54 0.57 0.61 0.54

Dendrobium orchids, fresh 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.19 0.21 0.12 0.10 0.06

Other orchids, fresh 0.34 0.30 0.28 0.31 0.35 0.27 0.29 0.33

All orchids, fresh 0.27 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.25 0.14 0.13 0.08

Other fresh cut flowers N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

All fresh cut flowers N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

All other cut flowers, 

dried, dyed, etc. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

Total cut flowers, 

fresh and prepared N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 47

Table 19--Cut flowers: Quantity, price, and value of U.S. imports, 1991-98--Continued

Value 3/

Variety, type 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 dollars

Miniature carnations, fresh 23,121 23,448 22,737 25,893 33,377 36,571 37,751 38,740

Standard carnations, fresh 48,726 62,660 62,347 64,755 80,089 90,075 79,504 74,559

All carnations, fresh 71,847 86,108 85,084 90,648 113,466 126,646 117,255 113,299

Sweetheart roses, fresh 2,218 560 770 1,302 1,209 1,368 1,375 1,565

Hybrid tea roses, fresh 89,476 89,882 106,622 124,362 150,931 177,555 205,220 215,951

All roses, fresh 91,694 90,442 107,392 125,664 152,140 178,923 206,595 217,516

Pompom chrysanthemums, fresh 46,331 54,336 54,795 55,497 65,941 68,966 66,732 73,023

Standard chrysanthemums, fresh 8,878 7,962 14,396 9,036 9,192 11,520 10,790 9,840

All chrysanthemums, fresh 55,209 62,298 69,191 64,533 75,133 80,486 77,522 82,863

Anthuriums, fresh 872 871 931 813 838 855 642 328

Dendrobium orchids, fresh 2,746 2,720 3,092 3,128 3,295 3,277 3,002 2,330

Other orchids, fresh 1,452 1,739 1,769 1,986 2,088 1,737 1,432 1,495

All orchids, fresh 4,198 4,459 4,861 5,114 5,383 5,014 4,434 3,825

Other fresh cut flowers 86,590 96,402 103,485 120,863 148,266 165,749 172,767 181,072

All fresh cut flowers 310,410 340,580 370,944 407,635 495,226 557,673 579,215 598,903

All other cut flowers, 

dried, dyed, etc. 11,606 11,786 11,237 12,469 16,297 14,876 15,833 15,459

Total cut flowers, 

fresh and prepared 322,016 352,366 382,181 420,104 511,523 572,549 595,048 614,362

 N.A. = Not available.

 1/ General imports for consumption. 

 2/ Customs value divided by quantity for consumption.

 3/ Customs value, excluding duty, c.i.f., and other import charges.

 Sources: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Customs Service, IM145 Report, and FATUS, Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 20--Cut flowers: Average value per area, by type, major States, 1991-98 1/

Carnations Chrysanthemums

 Year Standard Miniature All Standard Pompon All

Dollars per square foot

1991 2.26 2.23 2.25 1.34 1.34 1.34

1992 1.78 2.38 1.94 1.44 1.27 1.32

1993 1.82 1.86 1.83 1.79 1.73 1.75

1994 1.88 1.90 1.89 1.70 1.81 1.77

1995 1.97 2.24 2.07 1.74 1.70 1.72

1996 1.83 1.91 1.85 2.21 1.78 1.91

1997 1.79 1.84 1.81 2.16 1.65 1.75

1998 1.84 1.90 1.86 1.64 2.53 2.17

Other All cut

Gladioli Roses cut flowers flowers

Hybrid tea Sweetheart All 2/

Dollars per acre Dollars per square foot

1991 5,859 4.15 4.98 4.23 0.50 0.68

1992 6,292 4.05 4.64 4.11 0.52 0.66

1993 5,646 3.94 4.78 4.03 0.53 0.66

1994 6,788 4.04 4.56 4.09 0.62 0.70

1995 6,367 3.87 4.06 3.89 0.61 0.65

1996 5,841 3.87 4.37 3.91 0.63 0.64

1997 5,958 3.48 4.95 3.59 0.67 0.65

1998 5,928 3.16 3.32 3.18 0.74 0.67

 N.A. = Not available.

1/ Prior to 1992, data include commercial growers of $10,000 or more in 28 major States. Beginning 1992, data include commercial growers of $100,000 

or more in 36 major States. "Other cut flowers" includes all except roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, and gladioli.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA. 
48 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 21--Cut carnations: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/

Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

 Type Yield Value Percent of Through Through Through

 and Plants Production Quantity per per Wholesale sales at wholesale retail all

 year Growers grown area sold area area price wholesale outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 1,000 1,000 Blooms per Dollars per Cents per Percent --1,000 dollars--

plants sq. feet blooms sq. foot sq. foot blooms

Standard:

 1991 149 24,174 14,425 197,580 13.7 2.3 16.50 100 32,536 0 32,536

 1992 139 24,707 17,309 213,599 12.3 1.8 14.40 99 30,469 308 30,777

 1993 116 21,146 14,937 194,876 13.0 1.8 14.00 99 26,935 272 27,207

 1994 92 11,795 8,705 116,232 13.4 2.1 15.60 100 18,141 0 18,141

 1995 93 11,775 8,740 112,067 12.8 2.0 15.30 100 17,199 0 17,199

 1996 81 9,108 7,302 92,160 12.6 1.8 14.50 100 13,345 0 13,345

 1997 75 7,930 6,554 74,368 11.3 1.8 15.80 99 11,622 117 11,739

 1998 66 6,179 5,372 63,101 11.7 1.8 15.60 94 9,271 592 9,863

Miniature:

 1991 134 11,021 7,221 11,163 1.5 2.2 1.44 100 16,120 0 16,120

 1992 123 9,284 6,179 9,706 1.6 2.4 1.51 99 14,556 147 14,703

 1993 114 8,604 6,525 8,974 1.4 1.9 1.35 98 11,865 242 12,107

 1994 93 8,101 5,288 7,174 1.4 1.9 1.40 97 9,763 302 10,065

 1995 100 7,606 4,937 9,152 1.9 2.5 1.21 87 10,873 1,625 12,498

 1996 76 6,129 3,856 5,562 1.4 1.9 1.32 99 7,257 73 7,330

 1997 78 5,522 4,049 4,907 1.2 1.8 1.52 97 7,218 223 7,441

 1998 75 4,176 3,225 4,237 1.3 1.9 1.45 96 5,895 246 6,141

All: 3/

 1991 N.A. 35,195 42,690 309,210 14.3 2.25 15.74 100 48,656 0 48,656

 1992 N.A. 33,991 42,512 310,659 13.2 1.94 14.64 99 45,025 455 45,480

 1993 N.A. 29,750 40,836 284,616 13.3 1.83 13.81 99 38,800 514 39,314

 1994 N.A. 19,896 37,741 187,972 13.4 2.02 15.01 99 27,904 302 28,206

 1995 N.A. 19,381 32,349 203,587 14.9 2.17 14.59 94 28,072 1,625 29,697

 1996 N.A. 15,237 30,007 147,780 13.2 1.85 13.99 100 20,602 73 20,675

 1997 N.A. 13,452 34,107 123,438 11.6 1.81 15.54 98 18,839 341 19,180

 1998 N.A. 10,355 33,446 105,471 12.3 1.86 15.17 95 15,167 837 16,004

 N.A. = Not available.

1/ Estimates include only commercial growers of $10,000 or more in floriculture sales in 28 States prior to 1992. Beginning 1992, includes growers of 

$100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States.

2/ Wholesale and retail sales estimates based on the reported percent sold at wholesale.

3/ Miniatures included at 10 stems per bunch.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 49

Table 22--Cut carnations: Quantity of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98

 Type Production and trade Consumption 1/

 and Domestic Per Annual Import

 year production 1/ Imports 2/ Supply Exports 3/ Total capita change market share

--1,000 stems-- Stems --Percent--

Miniature: 4/

 1991 111,630 108,278 219,908 8,000 211,908 0.84 -11.3 51.1

 1992 97,060 115,309 212,369 6,903 205,466 0.81 -3.0 56.1

 1993 89,740 132,500 222,240 8,272 213,968 0.83 4.1 61.9

 1994 71,740 292,900 364,640 6,163 358,477 1.38 67.5 81.7

 1995 91,520 338,775 430,295 8,698 421,597 1.60 17.6 80.4

 1996 55,620 351,627 407,247 6,392 400,855 1.51 -4.9 87.7

 1997 49,070 372,442 421,512 5,061 416,451 1.56 3.9 89.4

 1998 42,370 348,137 390,507 4,504 386,003 1.43 -7.3 90.2

Standard:

 1991 197,580 652,271 849,851 14,092 835,759 3.31 -11.3 78.0

 1992 213,599 809,461 1,023,060 15,153 1,007,907 3.95 20.6 80.3

 1993 194,876 817,603 1,012,479 17,925 994,554 3.86 -1.3 82.2

 1994 116,232 791,740 907,972 9,968 898,004 3.45 -9.7 88.2

 1995 112,067 843,935 956,002 10,697 945,305 3.60 5.3 89.3

 1996 92,160 913,641 1,005,801 10,593 995,208 3.75 5.3 91.8

 1997 74,368 834,952 909,320 7,681 901,639 3.37 -9.4 92.6

 1998 63,101 711,965 775,066 6,724 768,342 2.84 -14.8 92.7

All:

 1991 309,210 760,549 1,069,759 22,092 1,047,667 4.16 -10.5 72.6

 1992 310,659 924,770 1,235,429 22,057 1,213,372 4.76 15.8 76.2

 1993 284,616 950,103 1,234,719 26,197 1,208,522 4.69 -0.4 78.6

 1994 187,972 1,084,640 1,272,612 16,131 1,256,481 4.83 4.0 86.3

 1995 203,587 1,182,710 1,386,297 19,396 1,366,901 5.20 8.8 86.5

 1996 147,780 1,265,268 1,413,048 16,985 1,396,063 5.26 2.1 90.6

 1997 123,438 1,207,394 1,330,832 12,742 1,318,090 4.92 -5.6 91.6

 1998 105,471 1,060,102 1,165,573 11,228 1,154,345 4.27 -12.4 91.8

 1/ Includes 28 major States prior to 1992 for commercial growers over $10,000 in floricultural sales. Beginning 1992, includes commercial growers with

$100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 2/ U.S. Dept. of Commerce. 3/ Exports based upon export values divided by domestic grower

prices. 4/ Bunches converted to stems at 10 stems per bunch.

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
50 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 23--Cut carnations: Wholesale value of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98

 Type Production and trade 1/ Consumption 1/

 and Domestic Per Annual Import

 year production 2/ Imports 3/ Supply Exports 4/ Total capita change market share

--1,000 dollars-- Dollars --Percent--

Miniature:

 1991 16,120 34,682 50,802 1,152 49,650 0.20 53.7 69.9

 1992 14,703 35,172 49,875 1,042 48,833 0.19 -1.6 72.0

 1993 12,107 34,106 46,213 1,117 45,096 0.17 -7.7 75.6

 1994 10,065 38,840 48,905 863 48,042 0.18 6.5 80.8

 1995 11,060 50,066 61,126 1,053 60,073 0.23 25.0 83.3

 1996 7,330 54,857 62,187 844 61,343 0.23 2.1 89.4

 1997 7,441 56,627 64,068 769 63,298 0.24 3.2 89.5

 1998 6,141 58,110 64,251 653 63,598 0.24 0.5 91.4

Standard:

 1991 32,536 73,089 105,625 2,325 103,300 0.41 24.8 70.8

 1992 30,777 93,990 124,767 2,182 122,585 0.48 18.7 76.7

 1993 27,207 93,521 120,728 2,509 118,218 0.46 -3.6 79.1

 1994 18,141 97,133 115,274 1,555 113,718 0.44 -3.8 85.4

 1995 17,199 120,134 137,333 1,637 135,696 0.52 19.3 88.5

 1996 13,345 135,113 148,458 1,536 146,921 0.55 8.3 92.0

 1997 11,739 119,256 130,995 1,214 129,781 0.48 -11.7 91.9

 1998 9,863 111,839 121,702 1,049 120,653 0.45 -7.0 92.7

All:

 1991 48,656 107,771 156,427 3,477 152,949 0.61 32.9 70.5

 1992 45,480 129,162 174,642 3,224 171,418 0.67 12.1 75.3

 1993 39,314 127,626 166,940 3,626 163,314 0.63 -4.7 78.1

 1994 28,206 135,972 164,178 2,418 161,760 0.62 -1.0 84.1

 1995 28,259 170,199 198,458 2,689 195,769 0.75 21.0 86.9

 1996 20,675 189,969 210,644 2,380 208,264 0.79 6.4 91.2

 1997 19,180 175,883 195,063 1,983 193,080 0.72 -7.3 91.1

 1998 16,004 169,949 185,953 1,702 184,251 0.68 -4.6 92.2

 1/ Dollars expressed at equivalent wholesale level. 2/ Includes 28 major States prior to 1992 for commercial growers over $10,000 in floricultural sales.

Beginning 1992, includes commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 3/ Import values adjusted upwards by a

factor of 1.5 to reflect actual values of flowers entering wholesale markets. 4/ Exports based upon total U.S. cut flower exports and the ratio of carnation

production values to total cut flower production values.

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 51

Table 24--Cut roses: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/

Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

 Type Yield Value Percent of Through Through Through

 and Plants Production Quantity per per Wholesale sales at wholesale retail all

 year Growers grown area sold area area price wholesale outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 1,000 1,000 Stems per Dollars per Cents Percent --1,000 dollars--

plants sq. feet stems sq. foot sq. foot per stem

Hybrid tea:

 1991 219 24,511 38,028 463,890 12.2 4.1 34.0 99 155,975 1,576 157,551

 1992 224 23,754 38,465 458,974 11.9 4.0 33.9 98 152,623 3,115 155,738

 1993 212 21,611 36,750 429,020 11.7 3.9 33.8 99 143,375 1,448 144,823

 1994 200 20,816 34,174 404,938 11.8 3.9 33.1 98 131,353 2,681 134,034

 1995 179 17,701 29,607 352,154 11.9 3.9 32.5 97 111,156 3,438 114,594

 1996 167 16,127 27,372 309,663 11.3 3.9 34.2 98 103,707 2,116 105,823

 1997 157 18,444 31,562 343,879 10.9 3.5 32.0 95 104,418 5,496 109,914

 1998 132 16,135 29,112 272,678 9.4 3.2 33.8 96 88,406 3,684 92,090

Sweetheart:

 1991 146 2,933 4,662 88,748 19.0 5.0 26.1 98 22,735 464 23,199

 1992 133 2,541 4,047 74,588 18.4 4.6 25.2 99 18,587 188 18,775

 1993 126 2,658 4,086 78,270 19.2 4.8 25.0 99 19,350 195 19,545

 1994 109 2,414 3,567 64,551 18.1 4.3 23.7 99 15,123 153 15,276

 1995 97 1,747 2,742 45,350 16.5 4.1 24.5 99 11,022 111 11,133

 1996 88 1,608 2,635 43,251 16.4 4.4 26.6 99 11,408 115 11,523

 1997 75 1,578 2,545 44,706 17.6 5.0 28.2 92 11,593 1,008 12,601

 1998 75 2,079 4,334 52,630 12.1 3.3 27.3 98 14,084 287 14,371

All:

 1991 N.A. 27,444 42,690 552,638 12.9 4.2 32.7 99 178,711 2,039 180,750

 1992 N.A. 26,295 42,512 533,562 12.6 4.1 32.7 98 171,210 3,303 174,513

 1993 N.A. 24,269 40,836 507,290 12.4 4.0 32.4 99 162,724 1,644 164,368

 1994 N.A. 23,230 37,741 469,489 12.4 4.0 31.8 98 146,477 2,833 149,310

 1995 N.A. 19,448 32,349 397,504 12.3 3.9 31.6 97 122,178 3,549 125,727

 1996 N.A. 17,735 30,007 352,914 11.8 3.9 33.3 98 115,114 2,232 117,346

 1997 N.A. 20,022 34,107 388,585 11.4 3.6 31.5 95 116,011 6,504 122,515

 1998 N.A. 18,214 33,446 325,308 9.7 3.2 32.7 96 102,490 3,971 106,461

 N.A. = Not available.

1/ Estimates prior to 1992 include only commercial growers with $10,000 or more in floriculture sales in 28 major States. Beginning in 1992, includes growers 

with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States.

2/ Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
52 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 25--Cut roses: Quantity of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98

 Type Production and trade Consumption 1/

 and Domestic Per Annual Import

 year production 1/ Imports 2/ Supply Exports 3/ Total capita change market share

--1,000 stems-- Stems --Percent--

Hybrid tea:

1991 463,890 447,797 911,687 33,115 878,572 3.48 -1.2 51.0

1992 458,974 519,135 978,109 32,571 945,538 3.71 7.6 54.9

1993 429,020 610,033 1,039,053 39,521 999,532 3.88 5.7 61.0

1994 404,938 671,369 1,076,307 34,711 1,041,596 4.00 4.2 64.5

1995 352,154 773,764 1,125,918 33,554 1,092,364 4.16 4.9 70.8

1996 309,663 837,414 1,147,077 35,615 1,111,462 4.19 1.7 75.3

1997 343,879 944,466 1,288,345 35,511 1,252,834 4.68 12.7 75.4

1998 272,678 976,818 1,249,496 28,975 1,220,521 4.52 -2.6 80.0

Sweetheart: 

1991 88,748 9,784 98,532 6,352 92,180 0.37 -22.4 10.6

1992 74,588 1,717 76,305 5,282 71,023 0.28 -23.0 2.4

1993 78,270 3,607 81,877 7,211 74,666 0.29 5.1 4.8

1994 64,551 6,392 70,943 5,525 65,418 0.25 -12.4 9.8

1995 45,350 3,228 48,578 4,324 44,254 0.17 -32.4 7.3

1996 43,251 4,384 47,635 4,986 42,649 0.16 -3.6 10.3

1997 44,706 4,762 49,468 4,620 44,848 0.17 5.2 10.6

1998 52,630 5,540 58,170 5,598 52,572 0.19 17.2 10.5

All:

1991 552,638 457,581 1,010,219 39,467 970,752 3.85 -3.4 47.1

1992 533,562 520,852 1,054,414 37,854 1,016,560 3.99 4.7 51.2

1993 507,290 613,640 1,120,930 46,732 1,074,198 4.17 5.7 57.1

1994 469,489 677,761 1,147,250 40,236 1,107,014 4.25 3.1 61.2

1995 397,504 776,992 1,174,496 37,879 1,136,617 4.33 2.7 68.4

1996 352,914 841,798 1,194,712 40,601 1,154,111 4.35 1.5 72.9

1997 388,585 949,228 1,337,813 40,130 1,297,683 4.85 12.4 73.1

1998 325,308 982,358 1,307,666 34,573 1,273,093 4.71 -1.9 77.2

 1/ Includes 28 major States prior to 1992 for commercial growers over $10,000 in floricultural sales. Beginning 1992, includes commercial growers with

$100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 2/ U.S. Dept. of Commerce. 3/ Exports based upon export values divided by domestic 

domestic grower prices.

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 53

Table 26--Cut roses: Wholesale value of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98

 Type Production and trade 1/ Consumption 1/

 and Domestic Per Annual Import

 year production 2/ Imports 3/ Supply Exports 4/ Total capita change market share

--1,000 dollars-- Dollars --Percent--

Hybrid tea:

1991 157,551 134,214 291,765 11,259 280,506 1.11 10.6 47.8

1992 155,738 134,823 290,561 11,042 279,519 1.10 -0.4 48.2

1993 144,823 159,933 304,756 13,358 291,398 1.13 4.2 54.9

1994 134,034 186,543 320,577 11,489 309,088 1.19 6.1 60.4

1995 114,594 226,397 340,991 10,905 330,085 1.26 6.8 68.6

1996 105,823 266,333 372,156 12,180 359,975 1.36 9.1 74.0

1997 109,914 307,830 417,744 11,363 406,381 1.52 12.9 75.7

1998 92,090 323,927 416,017 9,793 406,223 1.50 0.0 79.7

Sweetheart: 

1991 23,199 3,327 26,526 1,658 24,868 0.10 -17.9 13.4

1992 18,775 840 19,615 1,331 18,284 0.07 -26.5 4.6

1993 19,545 1,155 20,700 1,803 18,897 0.07 3.4 6.1

1994 15,276 1,953 17,229 1,309 15,920 0.06 -15.8 12.3

1995 11,133 1,814 12,947 1,059 11,887 0.05 -25.3 15.3

1996 11,523 2,052 13,575 1,326 12,249 0.05 3.0 16.8

1997 12,601 2,063 14,664 1,303 13,361 0.05 9.1 15.4

1998 14,371 2,348 16,719 1,528 15,190 0.06 13.7 15.5

All:

1991 180,750 137,541 318,291 12,917 305,374 1.21 7.6 45.0

1992 174,513 135,663 310,176 12,373 297,803 1.17 -2.5 45.6

1993 164,368 161,088 325,456 15,161 310,295 1.20 4.2 51.9

1994 149,310 188,496 337,806 12,799 325,007 1.25 4.7 58.0

1995 125,727 228,210 353,937 11,965 341,972 1.30 5.2 66.7

1996 117,346 268,385 385,731 13,507 372,224 1.40 8.8 72.1

1997 122,515 309,893 432,408 12,666 419,741 1.57 12.8 73.8

1998 106,461 326,274 432,735 11,322 421,413 1.56 0.4 77.4

 1/ Dollars expressed at equivalent wholesale level. 2/ Includes 28 major States prior to 1992 for commercial growers over $10,000 in floricultural sales.

Beginning 1992, includes commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 3/ U.S. Dept. of Commerce import values

adjusted upwards by a factor of 1.5 to reflect actual values of flowers entering wholesale markets. 4/ Exports estimated based upon total U.S. cut flower

exports and the ratios of rose production values to total cut flower production values.

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
54 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 27--Cut chrysanthemums: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/

Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

 Type Yield Value Percent of Through Through Through

 and Plants Production Quantity per per Wholesale sales at wholesale retail all

 year Growers grown area sold area area price wholesale outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 1,000 1,000 Stems per Dollars per Cents Percent --1,000 dollars--

plants sq. feet bunches sq. foot sq. foot bunches

Standard:

 1991 120 20,204 6,009 22,138 3.7 1.3 36.4 98 7,892 161 8,053

 1992 152 20,631 5,399 19,775 3.7 1.4 39.3 96 7,458 311 7,769

 1993 139 18,490 4,776 19,730 4.1 1.8 43.3 96 8,199 342 8,541

 1994 121 14,588 4,351 15,503 3.6 1.7 47.2 94 6,886 440 7,325

 1995 116 13,324 4,593 14,877 3.2 1.7 53.8 92 7,357 640 7,997

 1996 113 13,362 3,824 15,184 4.0 2.2 55.6 97 8,185 253 8,438

 1997 95 10,278 2,566 11,643 4.5 2.2 47.7 97 5,384 167 5,550

 1998 70 13,436 4,529 14,068 3.1 1.6 52.8 86 6,387 1,040 7,427

Pompon:

 1991 150 55,434 18,501 20,748 1.1 1.3 1.2 98 24,292 496 24,788

 1992 172 46,387 14,109 15,436 1.1 1.3 1.2 96 17,252 719 17,971

 1993 148 34,575 9,055 11,025 1.2 1.7 1.4 96 15,067 628 15,695

 1994 142 33,264 9,033 12,106 1.3 1.8 1.4 94 15,364 981 16,345

 1995 135 32,264 10,023 13,542 1.4 1.7 1.3 95 16,225 854 17,079

 1996 117 22,732 8,506 12,003 1.4 1.8 1.3 96 14,539 606 15,145

 1997 108 28,211 9,922 12,562 1.3 1.6 1.3 98 16,014 327 16,341

 1998 101 23,851 6,653 12,867 1.9 2.5 1.3 99 16,659 168 16,827

All: 3/

 1991 N.A. 75,638 24,510 146,626 6.0 1.3 22.4 98 32,184 657 32,841

 1992 N.A. 67,018 19,508 112,391 5.8 1.3 22.9 96 24,710 1,030 25,740

 1993 N.A. 53,065 13,831 85,880 6.2 1.8 28.2 96 23,267 969 24,236

 1994 N.A. 47,852 13,384 88,139 6.6 1.8 26.9 94 22,250 1,420 23,670

 1995 N.A. 45,588 14,616 96,129 6.6 1.7 26.1 94 23,582 1,494 25,076

 1996 N.A. 36,094 12,330 87,202 7.1 1.9 27.0 96 22,724 859 23,583

 1997 N.A. 38,489 12,488 87,015 7.0 1.8 25.2 98 21,398 493 21,891

 1998 N.A. 37,287 11,182 91,270 8.2 2.2 26.6 95 23,046 1,208 24,254

 N.A. = Not available.

1/ Data prior to 1992 include growers with $10,000 or more in floricultural sales in 28 major States. Since 1992, data include only commercial growers with

$100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States.

2/ Wholesale and retail sales estimates based on the reported percent sold at wholesale.

3/ Pompons included at 6 stems per bunch.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 55

Table 28--Cut chrysanthemums: Quantity of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98

 Type Production and trade Consumption 1/

 and Domestic Per Annual Import

 year production 1/ Imports 2/ Supply Exports 3/ Total capita change market share

--1,000 stems-- Stems --Percent--

Standard: 4/

1991 22,138 43,716 65,854 1,581 64,273 0.25 -3.2 68.0

1992 19,775 37,145 56,920 1,402 55,518 0.22 -13.6 66.9

1993 19,730 43,295 63,025 1,819 61,206 0.24 10.2 70.7

1994 15,303 45,667 60,970 1,353 59,617 0.23 -2.6 76.6

1995 14,877 51,277 66,154 1,415 64,739 0.25 8.6 79.2

1996 15,184 52,174 67,358 1,747 65,611 0.25 1.3 79.5

1997 11,643 51,277 62,920 1,203 61,717 0.23 -5.9 83.1

1998 14,068 52,174 66,242 1,496 64,746 0.24 4.9 80.6

Pompon: 4/

1991 124,488 201,377 325,865 8,932 316,933 1.26 -3.5 63.5

1992 92,616 157,398 250,014 6,590 243,424 0.95 -23.2 64.7

1993 66,150 187,968 254,118 6,117 248,001 0.96 1.9 75.8

1994 72,636 557,804 630,440 6,219 624,221 2.40 151.7 89.4

1995 81,252 591,447 672,699 7,739 664,960 2.53 6.5 88.9

1996 72,018 611,576 683,594 8,301 675,293 2.55 1.6 90.6

1997 75,372 591,447 666,819 7,797 659,022 2.46 -2.4 89.7

1998 77,202 611,576 688,778 8,196 680,582 2.52 3.3 89.9

All:

1991 146,626 245,093 391,719 10,513 381,206 1.51 -6.7 64.3

1992 112,391 194,543 306,934 7,992 298,942 1.17 -21.6 65.1

1993 85,880 231,263 317,143 7,936 309,207 1.20 3.4 74.8

1994 87,939 603,471 691,410 7,571 683,839 2.63 121.2 88.2

1995 96,129 642,724 738,853 9,154 729,699 2.78 6.7 88.1

1996 87,202 663,750 750,952 10,048 740,904 2.79 1.5 89.6

1997 87,015 642,724 729,739 9,000 720,739 2.69 -2.7 89.2

1998 91,270 663,750 755,020 9,692 745,328 2.76 3.4 89.1

 1/ Includes 28 major States prior to 1992 for growers with $10,000 or more in floriculture sales. Beginning 1992, includes commercial growers with $100,000 

or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 2/ Pompons converted to stems at 6 stems per bunch. 3/ U.S. Department of Comerce. 4/ Exports based 

upon estimated chrysanthemum export values and domestic grower prices.

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
56 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 29--Cut chrysanthemums: Wholesale value of production, supply,and consumption, United States, 1991-98

 Type Production and trade 1/ Consumption 1/

 and Domestic Per Annual Import

 year production 2/ Imports 3/ Supply Exports 4/ Total capita change market share

--1,000 dollars-- Dollars --Percent--

Standard: 

1991 8,053 13,317 21,370 575 21,070 0.08 0.8 63.2

1992 7,769 11,943 19,712 551 19,512 0.08 -7.4 61.2

1993 8,541 21,594 30,135 788 29,935 0.12 53.4 72.1

1994 7,449 13,554 21,003 639 20,853 0.08 -30.3 65.0

1995 7,997 13,788 21,785 761 21,635 0.08 3.8 63.7

1996 8,438 17,280 25,644 971 25,494 0.10 17.8 67.8

1997 5,550 16,185 21,785 574 21,635 0.08 3.8 63.7

1998 7,427 14,760 25,644 790 25,494 0.09 17.8 67.8

Pompon:

1991 24,788 69,497 94,285 1,771 93,085 0.37 -3.4 74.7

1992 17,971 81,504 99,475 1,274 98,375 0.39 5.7 82.9

1993 15,695 82,193 97,888 1,448 96,888 0.38 -1.5 84.8

1994 16,323 83,246 99,569 1,399 98,669 0.38 1.8 84.4

1995 17,079 98,912 115,991 1,625 115,191 0.44 16.7 85.9

1996 15,145 103,449 118,402 1,743 117,602 0.44 2.1 88.0

1997 16,341 100,098 115,991 1,689 115,191 0.43 16.7 85.9

1998 16,827 109,535 118,402 1,789 117,602 0.44 2.1 88.0

All:

1991 32,841 82,814 115,655 2,347 113,308 0.45 -2.6 73.1

1992 25,740 93,447 119,187 1,825 117,362 0.46 3.6 79.6

1993 24,236 103,787 128,023 2,235 125,788 0.49 7.2 82.5

1994 23,772 96,800 120,572 2,038 118,534 0.46 -5.8 81.7

1995 25,076 112,700 137,776 2,386 135,390 0.52 14.2 83.2

1996 23,583 120,729 144,312 2,714 141,598 0.53 4.6 85.3

1997 21,891 116,283 138,174 2,263 135,911 0.51 -4.0 85.6

1998 24,254 124,295 148,549 2,579 145,969 0.54 7.4 85.2

 1/ Dollars expressed at equivalent wholesale level. 2/ Includes 28 major States prior to 1992 for growers over $10,000 in floricultural sales.

Beginning 1992, includes commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 3/ Import values adjusted 

upwards by a factor of 1.5 to reflect actual values of flowers entering wholesale markets. 4/ Exports based upon total U.S. cut flower

export values and ratios of chrysanthemum production values to total cut flower values. 

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 57

Table 30--Cut gladioli: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/

Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

 Type Yield Value Percent of Through Through Through

 and Plants Production Quantity per per Wholesale sales at wholesale retail all

 year Growers grown area sold area area price wholesale outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 1,000 1,000 Spikes Dollars Cents Percent --1,000 dollars--

plants spikes per acre per acre per spike

 1991 64 N.A. 5,964 165,510 27,752 5,859 21.1 100 34,941 0 34,941

 1992 66 N.A. 6,145 187,643 30,536 6,102 20.0 100 37,494 0 37,494

 1993 67 N.A. 5,964 165,683 27,781 5,646 20.3 100 33,675 0 33,675

 1994 71 N.A. 5,826 190,914 32,769 6,783 20.7 99 39,125 395 39,520

 1995 69 N.A. 5,671 149,132 26,297 6,367 24.2 99 35,749 361 36,110

 1996 63 N.A. 5,694 144,941 25,455 5,841 22.9 99 32,927 333 33,260

 1997 69 N.A. 5,851 154,650 26,431 5,958 22.5 98 34,164 697 34,861

 1998 68 N.A. 5,793 127,151 21,949 5,928 27.0 99 33,999 343 34,342

 N.A. = Not available.

1/ Includes growers with $10,000 or more in floricultural sales in 28 major States prior to 1992. Beginning in 1992 includes only commercial growers 

with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 2/ Wholesale and retail sales estimates based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. 

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 31--Cut gladioli: Quantity of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98

 Type Production and trade Consumption 1/

 and Domestic Per Annual Import

 year production 1/ Imports 2/ Supply Exports 3/ Total capita change market share

--1,000 stems-- Stems --Percent--

1991 165,510 4,176 169,686 11,834 157,852 0.63 0.8 2.6

1992 187,643 5,079 192,722 13,291 179,431 0.70 13.7 2.8

1993 165,683 4,701 170,384 15,301 155,083 0.60 -13.6 3.0

1994 190,914 8,365 199,279 16,365 182,914 0.70 17.9 4.6

1995 149,132 12,013 161,145 14,200 146,945 0.56 -19.7 8.2

1996 144,941 16,233 161,174 16,717 144,457 0.54 -1.7 11.2

1997 154,650 13,040 167,690 16,018 151,672 0.57 5.0 8.6

1998 127,151 14,422 141,573 13,526 128,047 0.47 -15.6 11.3

 1/ Includes 28 major States in 1991 for commercial growers over $10,000 in floricultural sales. Beginning 1992, includes only commercial growers with 

$100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 2/ APHIS, USDA inspections. 3/ Exports based upon value of gladioli exports and domestic 

grower prices.

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 32--Cut gladioli: Wholesale value of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98

 Type Production and trade 1/ Consumption 1/

 and Domestic Per Annual Import

 year production 2/ Imports 3/ Supply Exports 4/ Total capita change market share

--1,000 dollars-- Dollars --Percent--

1991 34,941 1,322 36,263 2,497 33,766 0.13 5.0 3.9

1992 37,494 1,524 39,018 2,658 36,360 0.14 7.7 4.2

1993 33,675 1,475 35,150 3,106 32,044 0.12 -11.9 4.6

1994 39,520 2,597 42,117 3,388 38,729 0.15 20.9 6.7

1995 36,110 4,361 40,471 3,436 37,035 0.14 -4.4 11.8

1996 33,260 5,600 38,860 3,828 35,032 0.13 -5.4 16.0

1997 34,861 4,401 39,262 3,604 35,658 0.13 1.8 12.3

1998 34,342 5,841 40,183 3,652 36,531 0.14 2.4 16.0

 1/ Dollars expressed at equivalent wholesale level. 2/ Includes 28 major States in 1991 for commercial growers over $10,000 in floricultural sales.

Beginning 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 3/ Import values adjusted 

upwards by a factor of 1.5 to reflect actual values of flowers entering wholesale markets. Import values based upon domestic wholesale grower prices.

 4/ Exports based upon total U.S. cut flower exports and ratios of value of gladioli production to total value of cut flowers. 

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
58 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 33--Cut orchids: Growers, production, and value of sales, Hawaii, 1991-98 1/

Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

 Type Yield Value Percent of Through Through Through

 and Plants Production Quantity per per Wholesale sales at wholesale retail all

 year Growers grown area sold area area price wholesale outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 1,000 1,000 Stems per Dollars per Cents Percent --1,000 dollars--

plants sq. feet stems sq. feet sq. feet per stem

Dendrobium

 sprays:

 1991 59 N.A. 2,544 4,842 1.9 1.14 59.7 98 2,833 58 2,891

 1992 58 N.A. 3,045 5,076 1.7 1.03 62.0 100 3,147 0 3,147

 1993 46 N.A. 2,650 5,076 1.9 1.12 58.6 97 2,886 89 2,975

 1994 46 N.A. 2,825 4,810 1.7 1.07 62.6 97 2,921 90 3,011

 1995 52 N.A. 3,075 4,872 1.6 0.99 62.5 97 2,954 91 3,045

 1996 41 N.A. 2,480 4,542 1.8 1.11 60.8 98 2,708 55 2,763

 1997 56 N.A. 3,505 4,418 1.3 0.73 57.7 97 2,473 76 2,549

 1998 56 N.A. 3,294 5,294 1.6 0.91 56.8 93 2,797 210 3,007

Other: 3/

 1991 20 N.A. 422 486 1.2 0.95 82.5 95 381 20 401

 1992 24 N.A. 527 560 1.1 0.88 82.5 91 420 42 462

 1993 28 N.A. 510 608 1.2 0.93 78.0 98 465 9 474

 1994 32 N.A. 585 799 1.4 0.96 70.5 99 557 6 563

 1995 39 N.A. 735 587 0.8 0.63 78.4 94 432 28 460

 1996 36 N.A. 445 626 1.4 1.22 86.7 96 521 22 543

 1997 36 N.A. 597 692 1.2 0.87 75.0 98 509 10 519

 1998 45 N.A. 821 1,126 1.4 0.96 69.7 94 738 47 785

All: 

 1991 N.A. N.A. 2,966 5,328 1.8 1.11 61.8 98 3,214 78 3,292

 1992 N.A. N.A. 3,572 5,636 1.6 1.01 64.0 99 3,567 42 3,609

 1993 N.A. N.A. 3,160 5,684 1.8 1.09 60.7 97 3,350 99 3,449

 1994 N.A. N.A. 3,410 5,609 1.6 1.05 63.7 97 3,478 96 3,574

 1995 N.A. N.A. 3,810 5,459 1.4 0.92 64.2 97 3,386 119 3,505

 1996 N.A. N.A. 2,925 5,168 1.8 1.13 64.0 98 3,229 77 3,306

 1997 N.A. N.A. 4,102 5,110 1.2 0.75 60.0 97 2,981 87 3,068

 1998 N.A. N.A. 4,115 6,420 1.6 0.92 59.1 93 3,534 258 3,792

 N.A. = Not available.

1/ Estimates include only commercial growers with $10,000 or more in floricultural sales.

2/ Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale.

3/ Other orchids shown as blooms.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 59

Table 34--Cut orchids: Quantity of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98

 Type Production and trade Consumption 1/

 and Domestic Per Annual Import

 year production 1/ Imports 2/ Supply Exports 3/ Total capita change market share

--1,000 stems-- Stems --Percent--

Dendrobium:

1991 4,842 11,282 16,124 346 15,778 0.06 14.9 71.5

1992 5,076 11,104 16,180 360 15,820 0.06 0.3 70.2

1993 4,810 14,044 18,854 446 18,408 0.07 16.4 76.3

1994 5,076 16,839 21,915 412 21,503 0.08 16.8 78.3

1995 4,872 15,926 20,798 464 20,334 0.08 -5.4 78.3

1996 4,542 28,431 32,973 523 32,450 0.12 59.6 87.6

1997 4,418 29,266 33,684 457 33,227 0.12 2.4 88.1

1998 5,294 41,970 47,264 563 46,701 0.17 40.6 89.9

Other:

1991 486 4,236 4,722 35 4,687 0.02 -30.1 90.4

1992 560 5,786 6,346 40 6,306 0.02 34.5 91.7

1993 550 6,232 6,782 54 6,728 0.03 6.7 92.6

1994 799 6,368 7,167 68 7,099 0.03 5.5 89.7

1995 587 6,034 6,621 56 6,565 0.02 -7.5 91.9

1996 626 6,424 7,050 72 6,978 0.03 6.3 92.1

1997 692 4,865 5,557 72 5,485 0.02 -21.4 88.7

1998 1,126 4,527 5,653 120 5,533 0.02 0.9 81.8

All:

1991 5,328 15,518 20,846 381 20,465 0.08 0.0 75.8

1992 5,636 16,890 22,526 400 22,126 0.09 8.1 76.3

1993 5,360 20,276 25,636 501 25,135 0.10 13.6 80.7

1994 5,875 23,207 29,082 480 28,602 0.11 13.8 81.1

1995 5,459 21,960 27,419 519 26,900 0.10 -6.0 81.6

1996 5,168 34,855 40,023 595 39,428 0.15 46.6 88.4

1997 5,110 34,131 39,241 528 38,713 0.14 -1.8 88.2

1998 6,420 46,497 52,917 683 52,234 0.19 34.9 89.0

 1/ Includes only commercial growers over $10,000 in floricultural sales. 2/ U.S. Dept. of Commerce. 3/ Exports estimated from export values divided 

by domestic grower prices.

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
60 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 35--Cut orchids: Wholesale value of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98

 Type Production and trade 1/ Consumption 1/

 and Domestic Per Annual Import

 year production 2/ Imports 3/ Supply Exports 4/ Total capita change market share

--1,000 dollars-- Dollars --Percent--

Dendrobium:

1991 2,891 4,119 7,010 207 6,803 0.03 14.9 60.5

1992 3,147 4,080 7,227 223 7,004 0.03 2.9 58.3

1993 2,975 4,638 7,613 266 7,347 0.03 4.9 63.1

1994 3,011 4,692 7,703 258 7,445 0.03 1.3 63.0

1995 3,045 4,943 7,988 290 7,698 0.03 3.4 64.2

1996 2,763 4,916 7,679 318 7,360 0.03 -4.4 66.8

1997 2,549 4,503 7,052 264 6,788 0.03 -7.8 66.3

1998 3,007 3,495 6,502 320 6,182 0.02 -8.9 56.5

Other:

1991 401 2,178 2,579 29 2,550 0.01 -30.1 85.4

1992 462 2,609 3,071 33 3,038 0.01 19.1 85.9

1993 474 2,654 3,128 42 3,086 0.01 1.6 86.0

1994 563 2,979 3,542 48 3,494 0.01 13.2 85.3

1995 460 3,132 3,592 44 3,548 0.01 1.6 88.3

1996 543 2,606 3,149 62 3,086 0.01 -13.0 84.4

1997 519 2,148 2,667 54 2,613 0.01 -15.3 82.2

1998 785 2,243 3,028 83 2,944 0.01 12.7 76.2

All:

1991 3,292 6,297 9,589 235 9,354 0.04 0.0 67.3

1992 3,609 6,689 10,298 256 10,042 0.04 7.4 66.6

1993 3,449 7,292 10,741 308 10,433 0.04 3.9 69.9

1994 3,574 7,671 11,245 306 10,939 0.04 4.9 70.1

1995 3,505 8,075 11,580 334 11,246 0.04 2.8 71.8

1996 3,306 7,521 10,827 381 10,446 0.04 -7.1 72.0

1997 3,068 6,651 9,719 317 9,402 0.04 -10.0 70.7

1998 3,792 5,738 9,530 403 9,126 0.03 -2.9 62.9

 1/ Dollars expressed at equivalent wholesale level. 2/ Includes only commercial growers over $10,000 in floricultural sales. 3/ Import values adjusted 

upwards by a factor of 1.5 to reflect actual values of flowers entering wholesale markets. 4/ Exports based upon value of total cut flower exports and

the ratios of orchid production values to total cut flower production values.

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 61

Table 36--Cut anthuriums: Growers, production, and value of sales, Hawaii, 1991-98 1/

Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

Yield Value Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Plants Production Quantity per per Wholesale sales at wholesale retail all

Growers grown area sold area area price wholesale outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 1,000 1,000 Blooms per Dollars per Cents Percent --1,000 dollars--

plants sq. feet blooms sq. foot sq. foot bloom

 1991 80 N.A. 10,953 11,028 1.0 0.6 55.5 94 5,754 367 6,121

 1992 69 N.A. 10,385 9,938 1.0 0.6 64.0 93 5,915 445 6,360

 1993 62 N.A. 10,875 10,356 1.0 0.7 68.9 99 7,064 71 7,135

 1994 59 N.A. 10,975 10,608 1.0 0.7 69.0 99 7,247 73 7,320

 1995 67 N.A. 11,230 11,520 1.0 0.6 61.0 99 6,957 70 7,027

 1996 65 N.A. 11,100 10,872 1.0 0.6 64.9 99 7,036 71 7,056

 1997 61 N.A. 11,420 9,096 0.8 0.6 75.8 98 6,754 138 6,892

 1998 75 N.A. 11,285 10,002 0.9 0.6 63.0 75 4,726 1,575 6,301

 N.A. = Not available.

1/ Estimates include only commercial growers with $10,000 or more in floricultural sales.

2/ Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based upon the reported percentage sold wholesale.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 37--Cut anthuriums: Quantity of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98

Production and trade Consumption

 Year Domestic Per Annual Import

production 1/ Imports 2/ Supply Exports 3/ Total capita change market share

--1,000 stems-- Stems --Percent--

1991 11,028 1,594 12,622 788 11,834 0.05 -19.6 13.5

1992 9,938 1,542 11,480 705 10,775 0.04 -8.9 14.3

1993 10,356 1,746 12,102 1,007 11,095 0.04 3.0 15.7

1994 10,795 1,539 12,334 909 11,425 0.04 3.0 13.5

1995 11,160 1,554 12,714 1,096 11,618 0.04 1.7 13.4

1996 10,872 1,504 12,376 1,251 11,125 0.04 -4.2 13.5

1997 9,096 1,047 10,143 940 9,203 0.03 -17.3 11.4

1998 10,002 603 10,605 1,064 9,541 0.04 3.7 6.3

 1/ Includes only commercial growers over $10,000 in floricultural sales. 2/ U.S. Dept. of Commerce. 3/ Exports estimated from export values divided by 

domestic grower prices.

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 38--Cut anthuriums: Wholesale value of production, supply, and consumption, United States, 1991-98

Production and trade 1/ Consumption 1/

 Year Domestic Per Annual Import

production 2/ Imports 3/ Supply Exports 4/ Total capita change market share

--1,000 dollars-- Dollars --Percent--

1991 6,121 1,308 7,429 437 6,410 0.03 -4.8 20.4

1992 6,360 1,307 7,667 451 6,608 0.03 3.1 19.8

1993 7,525 1,397 8,922 694 7,669 0.03 16.1 18.2

1994 7,320 813 8,133 627 6,914 0.03 -9.8 11.8

1995 7,027 838 7,865 669 6,695 0.03 -3.2 12.5

1996 7,056 855 7,962 812 6,779 0.03 1.2 12.6

1997 6,892 642 7,534 713 6,821 0.03 0.6 9.4

1998 6,301 328 6,629 670 5,959 0.02 -12.6 5.5

 1/ Dollars expressed at equivalent wholesale level. 2/ Includes only commercial growers over $10,000 in floricultural sales. 3/ Import values adjusted 

upwards by a factor of 1.5 to reflect actual values of flowers entering wholesale markets. 4/ Exports estimated from total cut flower export values 

and ratios of values of anthurium production to total cut flower values.

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
62 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 39--Other cut flowers: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/

Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

Value Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Production per sales at wholesale retail all

Growers area area wholesale outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 Dollars per Percent --1,000 dollars--

sq. feet sq. foot

 1991 495 347,191 0.5 97 169,112 5,230 174,342

 1992 605 337,435 0.5 94 164,714 10,514 175,228

 1993 592 305,748 0.5 97 157,448 4,870 162,318

 1994 599 318,198 0.6 97 195,543 6,048 201,591

 1995 596 341,002 0.6 96 200,120 8,338 208,458

 1996 582 344,837 0.6 96 209,123 8,713 217,836

 1997 656 410,673 0.7 96 262,197 10,925 273,122

 1998 639 323,372 0.7 95 225,988 11,894 237,882

 1/ Includes all cut flowers except roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, and gladioli. Data for plants grown, quantity sold, and wholesale price are not

available. Includes only commercial growers with $10,000 or more in floricultural sales in 28 major States. Beginning 1992, includes only commercial 

growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 2/ Wholesale and retail sales estimates based upon the reported percent sold

at wholesale.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 40--Other cut flowers: Value of production, supply, and consumption, 1991-98

Production and trade 1/ Consumption 1/

 Year Domestic Per Annual Import

production 2/ Imports 3/ Supply Exports 4/ Total capita change market share

--1,000 dollars-- Dollars --Percent--

1991 174,342 154,899 329,241 12,459 316,782 1.26 17.5 48.9

1992 175,228 170,277 345,505 12,423 333,082 1.31 5.1 51.1

1993 162,318 180,771 343,089 14,972 328,117 1.27 -1.5 55.1

1994 201,591 208,889 410,480 17,280 393,199 1.51 19.8 53.1

1995 208,458 256,176 464,634 19,838 444,796 1.69 13.1 57.6

1996 217,836 279,741 497,577 25,073 472,504 1.78 6.2 59.2

1997 273,122 290,514 563,636 28,237 535,399 2.00 13.3 54.3

1998 237,882 301,026 538,908 25,298 513,610 1.90 -4.1 58.6

 1/ Dollars expressed at equivalent wholesale grower level. All except roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, and gladioli. Includes fresh, dried and preserved.

2/ Domestic production in 28 major States for growers with more than $10,000 in floriculture sales until 1991. Beginning 1992, includes onlycommercial

growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 3/ U.S. Dept. of Commerce for imports. Import values adjusted upwards by a 

factor of 1.5 to reflect actual values of flowers entering wholesale markets. 4/ Export values estimated by ratios of other cut flower and total cut flower

production to total cut flower exports.

 Source: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 63

Table 41--Cut cultivated greens: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/

Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

 Type Yield Value Percent of Through Through Through

 and Plants Production Quantity per per Wholesale sales at wholesale retail all

 year Growers grown area sold area area price wholesale outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 Acres 1,000 Bunches Dollars Dollars Percent --1,000 dollars--

plants bunches per acre per acre

Leatherleaf

 ferns:

 1991 173 N.A. 4,615 86,478 18,738 15,489 0.8 100 71,484 0 71,484

 1992 166 N.A. 4,853 78,880 16,254 13,748 0.8 100 66,718 0 66,718

 1993 164 N.A. 4,694 85,239 18,159 15,369 0.8 99 71,421 721 72,142

 1994 149 N.A. 4,244 78,912 18,594 15,915 0.9 100 67,544 0 67,544

 1995 148 N.A. 4,707 74,968 15,927 13,487 0.8 99 62,850 635 63,485

 1996 145 N.A. 4,938 77,982 15,792 13,769 0.9 100 67,993 0 67,993

 1997 167 N.A. 4,832 78,707 16,289 13,322 0.8 100 64,373 0 64,373

 1998 162 N.A. 5,023 77,648 15,458 12,658 0.8 100 63,580 0 63,580

Other cut greens:

 1991 215 N.A. 3,477 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 100 38,555 0 38,555

 1992 221 N.A. 3,667 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 100 44,648 0 44,648

 1993 218 N.A. 4,401 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 100 43,837 0 43,837

 1994 199 N.A. 3,849 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 98 50,669 1,034 51,703

 1995 216 N.A. 4,422 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 97 48,150 1,489 49,639

 1996 222 N.A. 4,168 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 97 48,686 1,506 50,192

 1997 246 N.A. 5,452 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 98 50,775 1,036 51,811

 1998 256 N.A. 6,195 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 99 61,387 620 62,007

All: 

 1991 N.A. N.A. 8,092 N.A. N.A. 13,598 N.A. 100 110,039 0 110,039

 1992 N.A. N.A. 8,520 N.A. N.A. 13,071 N.A. 100 111,366 0 111,366

 1993 N.A. N.A. 9,095 N.A. N.A. 12,752 N.A. 99 115,258 721 115,979

 1994 N.A. N.A. 8,093 N.A. N.A. 14,735 N.A. 99 118,213 1,034 119,247

 1995 N.A. N.A. 9,129 N.A. N.A. 12,392 N.A. 98 111,000 2,124 113,124

 1996 N.A. N.A. 9,106 N.A. N.A. 12,979 N.A. 99 116,679 1,506 118,185

 1997 N.A. N.A. 10,284 N.A. N.A. 11,298 N.A. 99 115,148 1,036 116,184

 1998 N.A. N.A. 11,218 N.A. N.A. 11,195 N.A. 100 124,967 620 125,587

 N.A. = Not available.

1/ Estimates prior to 1992 include only commercial growers with $10,000 or more in floricultural sales in 28 major States. 

Beginning 1992, estimates include only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States.

2/ Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based upon the reported percentage sold wholesale.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
64 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 42--Cut cultivated greens: Quantity of production, supply, and consumption, 1991-98 

 Type Production and trade Consumption

 and Domestic Total Per Annual Import

 year production 1/ Imports 2/ supply Exports 2/ Total capita change marketshare

--1,000 stems-- Stems --Percent-- 

Leatherleaf ferns: 3/

1991 2,161,950 32,225 2,194,175 393,576 1,800,599 7.1 N.A. 1.8

1992 1,972,000 19,074 1,991,074 418,176 1,572,898 6.2 -12.6 1.2

1993 2,130,975 10,798 2,141,773 479,580 1,662,193 6.4 5.7 0.6

1994 1,972,800 12,279 1,985,079 396,641 1,588,438 6.1 -4.4 0.8

1995 1,874,200 11,643 1,885,843 360,094 1,525,749 5.8 -3.9 0.8

1996 1,900,800 17,258 1,918,058 507,219 1,410,839 5.3 -7.5 1.2

1997 1,967,675 21,124 1,988,799 586,155 1,402,644 5.2 -0.6 1.5

1998 1,941,200 8,066 1,949,266 613,544 1,335,722 4.9 -4.8 0.6

Chamaedorea: 4/

1991 N.A. 395,700 395,700 N.A. 395,700 1.6 N.A. 100.0

1992 N.A. 443,775 443,775 N.A. 443,775 1.7 12.1 100.0

1993 N.A. 385,925 385,925 N.A. 385,925 1.5 -13.0 100.0

1994 N.A. 285,125 285,125 N.A. 285,125 1.1 -26.1 100.0

1995 N.A. 285,225 285,225 N.A. 285,225 1.1 0.0 100.0

1996 N.A. 404,225 404,225 N.A. 404,225 1.5 41.7 100.0

1997 N.A. 241,125 241,125 N.A. 241,125 0.9 -40.3 100.0

1998 N.A. 308,450 308,450 N.A. 308,450 1.1 27.9 100.0

Other cut cultivated

 greens: 5/

1991 464,518 23,491 488,009 87,536 400,473 1.6 N.A. 5.9

1992 527,224 23,988 551,212 115,768 435,443 1.7 8.7 5.5

1993 515,729 36,885 552,614 123,740 428,875 1.7 -1.5 8.6

1994 601,198 32,792 633,990 126,678 507,311 1.9 18.3 6.5

1995 583,988 34,075 618,063 118,017 500,046 1.9 -1.4 6.8

1996 570,364 41,519 611,883 161,809 450,074 1.7 -10.0 9.2

1997 609,541 45,104 654,645 192,942 461,703 1.7 2.6 9.8

1998 704,625 39,505 744,130 234,220 509,910 1.9 10.4 7.7

All cut cultivated 

 greens: 

1991 2,626,468 451,416 3,077,884 481,111 2,596,773 10.3 N.A. 17.4

1992 2,499,224 486,837 2,986,061 533,944 2,452,116 9.6 -5.6 19.9

1993 2,646,704 433,608 3,080,312 603,319 2,476,993 9.6 1.0 17.5

1994 2,573,998 330,196 2,904,194 523,319 2,380,874 9.1 -3.9 13.9

1995 2,458,188 330,943 2,789,131 478,111 2,311,020 8.8 -2.9 14.3

1996 2,471,164 463,002 2,934,166 669,028 2,265,138 8.5 -2.0 20.4

1997 2,577,216 307,353 2,884,569 779,097 2,105,472 7.9 -7.0 14.6

1998 2,645,825 356,021 3,001,846 847,764 2,154,082 8.0 2.3 16.5

 N.A. = Not available.

1/ Domestic production in major States; includes only commercial growers. Domestic production of chamaedorea is negligible.

Domestic production of other cut cultivated greens includes asparagus ferns, pittosporum, podiocarpus, and others.

2/ Imports and exports estimated based on reported Florida and U.S. trade data and supply relationships.

3/ Leatherleaf ferns bunches converted to stems at 25 stems per bunch. Reported production is virtually all U.S. production.

4/ Chamaedorea is a non-cultivated cut green imported from Latin America.

5/ Other cut cultivated greens production estimated based on reported values of production.

 Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 65

Table 43--Cut cultivated greens: Value of production, supply, and consumption, 1991-98

 Type Production and trade 1/ Consumption

 and Domestic Total Per Annual Import

 year production 2/ Imports 3/ supply Exports 3/ Total capita change marketshare

--1,000 dollars-- Dollars --Percent-- 

Leatherleaf ferns: 3/

1991 71,484 932 72,416 3,606 68,810 0.27 N.A. 1.4

1992 66,718 588 67,306 4,619 62,687 0.25 -8.9 0.9

1993 72,142 508 72,650 6,378 66,272 0.26 5.7 0.8

1994 67,544 830 68,374 7,883 60,491 0.23 -8.7 1.4

1995 63,485 951 64,436 6,437 57,999 0.22 -4.1 1.6

1996 67,993 1,145 69,138 6,747 62,391 0.24 7.6 1.8

1997 64,373 951 65,324 6,387 58,937 0.22 -5.5 1.6

1998 63,580 1,145 64,725 6,308 58,417 0.22 -0.9 2.0

Chamaedorea: 4/

1991 N.A. 12,684 12,684 N.A. 12,684 0.05 N.A. 100.0

1992 N.A. 13,143 13,143 N.A. 13,143 0.05 3.6 100.0

1993 N.A. 11,442 11,442 N.A. 11,442 0.04 -12.9 100.0

1994 N.A. 13,670 13,670 N.A. 13,670 0.05 19.5 100.0

1995 N.A. 18,168 18,168 N.A. 18,168 0.07 32.9 100.0

1996 N.A. 19,277 19,277 N.A. 19,277 0.07 6.1 100.0

1997 N.A. 23,308 23,308 N.A. 23,308 0.09 20.9 100.0

1998 N.A. 26,825 26,825 N.A. 26,825 0.10 15.1 100.0

Other cut cultivated

 greens: 5/

1991 38,555 679 39,234 31,034 8,200 0.03 N.A. 8.3

1992 44,814 739 45,553 33,825 11,728 0.05 43.0 6.3

1993 43,837 1,736 45,573 37,061 8,512 0.03 -27.4 20.4

1994 51,703 2,217 53,920 29,796 24,124 0.09 183.4 9.2

1995 49,639 2,785 52,424 27,987 24,437 0.09 1.3 11.4

1996 50,192 2,755 52,947 41,423 11,524 0.04 -52.8 23.9

1997 51,811 2,785 54,596 49,708 4,888 0.02 -57.6 57.0

1998 62,007 2,755 64,762 54,731 10,031 0.04 105.2 27.5

All cut cultivated 

 greens: 6/

1991 110,039 20,765 124,334 34,640 89,694 0.36 N.A. 23.2

1992 111,532 23,771 126,001 38,444 87,557 0.34 -2.4 27.1

1993 115,979 32,328 129,666 43,439 86,227 0.33 -1.5 37.5

1994 119,247 31,589 135,965 37,679 98,286 0.38 14.0 32.1

1995 113,124 38,141 135,028 34,424 100,604 0.38 2.4 37.9

1996 118,185 26,775 141,362 48,170 93,192 0.35 -7.4 28.7

1997 116,184 29,526 143,228 56,095 87,133 0.33 -6.5 33.9

1998 125,587 32,978 156,312 61,039 95,273 0.35 9.3 34.6

 N.A. = Not available.

1/ Dollars expressed at the equivalent wholesale grower level. Includes fresh cut greens, dried, dyed, or otherwise preserved, and mosses and lichens.

Excludes whole cut Christmas trees, includes evergreen trimmings.

2/ Wholesale value of domestic production in 28 major States; estimated to be virtually all of U.S. production.

3/ Imports and exports estimated based on reported Florida and U.S. trade data and supply relationships.

4/ Minor domestic production of chamaedorea included with other cut greens. Chamaedorea is a non-cultivated cut green imported from Latin America.

5/ Includes asparagus ferns, pittosporum, podocarpus, and others.

6/ Import values from U.S. Dept. of Commerce expanded by 1.5 to represent the actual value of product entering wholesale markets. Exports include all mosses,

lichens, and dried, dyed, and otherwise prepared products, and one-half of all fresh foliage and branches (one-half of which is estimated to be cut Christmas trees).

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.
66 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 44--Potted foliage plants: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992

1997 1992

Region Area under Acreage Area under Acreage

and Farms glass in the Sales glass in the Sales

State or other open Total Per farm Farms or other open Total Per farm

protection protection

Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars

Northeast: 463 4,645,970 147 27,136 58,609 638 4,392,008 477 33,611 52,682

 Connecticut 18 157,620 (D) 692 38,444 42 294,734 14 4,210 100,238

 Maine 28 61,916 (D) 389 13,893 37 95,088 29 730 19,730

 Massachusetts 50 516,540 11 2,802 56,040 73 531,280 13 2,680 36,712

 New Hampshire 23 89,476 3 369 16,043 19 162,060 26 1,340 70,526

 New Jersey 57 1,414,460 44 9,354 164,105 123 1,623,939 120 11,480 93,333

 New York 145 1,257,166 39 6,976 48,110 170 630,443 59 4,437 26,100

 Pennsylvania 126 1,118,622 50 6,280 49,841 151 981,530 214 8,533 56,510

 Rhode Island (D) (D) (D) (D) N.A. 4 14,334 (D) 38 9,500

 Vermont 16 30,170 (D) 274 17,125 19 58,600 2 163 8,579

Northcentral: 470 4,511,263 103 37,309 79,381 647 4,183,185 290 41,893 64,750

 Illinois 56 413,312 36 3,261 58,232 86 679,069 115 6,221 72,337

 Indiana 61 530,324 27 4,915 80,574 60 309,483 14 3,448 57,467

 Iowa 28 340,294 13 719 25,679 46 219,299 (D) 1,801 39,152

 Kansas 22 482,288 6 (D) N.A. 33 237,996 27 1,392 42,182

 Michigan 72 872,680 (D) 6,940 96,389 95 747 66 5,778 60,821

 Minnesota 29 261,560 (D) 2,443 84,241 46 290,550 6 2,065 44,891

 Missouri 38 214,395 5 2,597 68,342 61 367,270 7 2,724 44,656

 Nebraska 10 (D) (D) 161 16,100 16 35,589 5 201 12,563

 North Dakota 5 (D) (D) (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Ohio 104 1,210,082 (D) 14,863 142,913 147 1,536,317 40 13,041 88,714

 South Dakota 5 (D) (D) (D) N.A. 6 (D) N.A. (D) (D) 

 Wisconsin 40 186,328 16 (D) 35,250 51 506,865 10 5,222 102,392

South: 2,571 128,995,221 5,449 462,382 179,845 3,073 119,508,524 7,408 390,258 126,996

 Alabama 93 1,084,078 19 7,907 85,022 101 1,135,724 55 6,537 64,723

 Arkansas 25 194,127 (D) 1,257 50,280 38 306,113 2 1,810 47,632

 Delaware 8 (D) (D) 992 124,000 13 185,605 18 1,562 120,154

 Florida 1,454 114,046,897 4,710 386,735 265,980 1,631 100,210,335 5,262 297,391 182,337

 Georgia 133 988,520 101 5,710 42,932 178 822,165 137 5,063 28,444

 Kentucky 38 252,264 2 913 24,026 55 335,800 39 2,060 37,455

 Louisiana 86 736,962 (D) 5,189 60,337 117 1,118,496 99 5,199 44,436

 Maryland 24 195,330 5 1,412 58,833 52 298,083 (D) 2,578 49,577

 Mississippi 61 489,885 55 1,827 29,951 67 317,250 18 1,401 20,910

 North Carolina 116 1,061,992 59 9,502 81,914 166 3,149,922 115 14,505 87,380

 Oklahoma 59 282,535 5 1,648 27,932 56 654,056 33 3,785 67,589

 South Carolina 52 390,723 40 3,528 67,846 85 387,107 84 2,838 33,388

 Tennessee 79 482,150 47 2,259 28,595 113 497,518 205 2,659 23,531

 Texas 281 8,426,513 386 30,227 107,569 308 9,561,950 1,298 38,074 123,617

 Virginia 49 289,869 7 2,658 54,245 82 471,777 43 4,003 48,817

 West Virginia 13 73,376 13 618 47,538 11 56,623 (D) 793 72,091

West: 842 19,897,155 2,306 148,243 176,061 1,020 21,709,603 2,085 155,608 152,557

 Alaska 5 (D) (D) 63 12,600 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Arizona 30 (D) (D) 3,068 102,267 33 596,510 37 4,371 132,455

 California 408 14,109,129 1,068 134,880 330,588 441 14,920,281 1,000 118,813 269,417

 Colorado 29 168,334 N.A. 1,327 45,759 37 523,957 (D) 5,222 141,135

 Hawaii 193 4,831,902 1,020 (D) N.A. 268 4,366,328 898 15,853 59,153

 Idaho 8 (D) (D) 69 8,625 7 10,270 (D) 65 9,286

 Montana 13 (D) (D) 444 34,154 16 100,150 2 493 30,813

 Nevada (D) (D) (D) (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 New Mexico 19 (D) (D) (D) N.A. 23 (D) (D) 1,461 63,522

 Oregon 70 231,350 177 3,681 52,586 100 458,650 104 4,232 42,320

 Utah 18 (D) 9 (D) N.A. 16 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

 Washington 45 556,440 32 4,711 104,689 79 733,457 44 5,098 64,532

 Wyoming 4 (D) N.A. (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

United States 4,349 159,262,590 9,677 703,232 161,700 5,383 150,996,176 10,418 623,256 115,782

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals.

 N.A. = Not available.

 Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 67

Table 45--Potted foliage: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/

Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Production sales at wholesale retail all

Growers area wholesale outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 Percent --1,000 dollars--

sq. feet

 1991 1,022 197,208 97 364,789 11,282 376,071

 1992 1,321 205,757 87 305,296 45,619 350,915

 1993 1,201 194,422 95 333,052 17,529 350,581

 1994 1,191 202,863 97 388,225 12,007 400,232

 1995 1,172 202,034 97 401,159 12,407 413,566

 1996 1,143 198,739 97 419,987 12,989 432,976

 1997 1,230 219,898 96 404,542 16,856 421,398

 1998 1,200 219,763 90 397,658 44,184 441,842

 1/ Prior to 1992, includes commercial growers with $10,000 or more in sales of floriculture crops in 28 major States. Beginning 1992, includes commercial 

growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 2/ Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold

sold at wholesale.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 46--Potted foliage and foliage hanging baskets: Wholesale value of production and average value per area, major States, 1991-98 1/

Foliage for indoor or patio use

 Year Foliage 

hanging Potted Total Potted

baskets foliage foliage foliage 2/

--1,000 dollars-- Dollars per square foot

1991 71,496 376,071 447,567 1.91

1992 76,094 350,915 427,009 1.71

1993 66,468 350,581 417,049 1.80

1994 89,074 400,232 489,306 1.97

1995 85,403 413,566 498,969 2.05

1996 75,971 432,976 508,947 2.18

1997 78,566 421,398 499,964 1.92

1998 61,561 441,842 503,403 2.01

 1/ Wholesale values for 28 major States prior to 1992. Beginning 1992, includes only growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 

2/ Values per area are not available for hanging baskets and total foliage.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 47--Foliage hanging baskets: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/

Percent of Equivalent wholesale value of sales through 2/

 Year Growers Baskets Wholesale sales at Wholesale Retail All

sold price wholesale outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 baskets Dollars Percent --1,000 dollars--

1991 1,237 19,336 4 98 70,066 1,430 71,496

1992 1,673 20,007 4 97 73,811 2,283 76,094

1993 1,587 17,196 4 97 64,474 1,994 66,468

1994 1,273 24,095 4 97 86,402 2,672 89,074

1995 1,187 22,725 4 95 81,133 4,270 85,403

1996 1,184 19,736 4 97 73,692 2,279 75,971

1997 1,219 20,066 4 95 74,638 3,928 78,566

1998 854 14,861 4 97 59,714 1,847 61,561

 1/ Includes only commercial growers with $10,000 or more in sales of all floriculture crops in 28 States. Beginning 1992, includes only commercial growers 

with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 2/ Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale.

 Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
68 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 48--Potted flowering plants: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992

1997 1992

Region Area under Acreage Area under Acreage

and Farms glass in the Sales glass in the Sales

State or other open Total Per farm Farms or other open Total Per farm

protection protection

Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars

Northeast: 1,907 26,664,878 895 189,583 99,414 1,908 25,891,752 1,194 163,914 85,909

 Connecticut 160 1,949,763 56 10,117 63,231 159 1,375,502 47 10,117 63,629

 Maine 104 377,429 (D) 2,965 28,510 100 481,579 33 2,977 29,770

 Massachusetts 234 3,128,870 71 22,958 98,111 257 2,927,749 120 20,878 81,237

 New Hampshire 78 1,284,753 17 8,049 103,192 68 524,687 15 5,932 87,235

 New Jersey 286 6,712,332 353 50,505 176,591 323 6,065,003 714 32,892 101,833

 New York 439 6,819,136 154 53,006 120,743 451 7,730,568 138 52,420 116,231

 Pennsylvania 525 6,126,835 234 40,362 76,880 480 6,363,359 109 36,551 76,148

 Rhode Island 38 170,595 10 980 N.A. 20 193,444 (D) 745 37,250

 Vermont 43 95,165 (D) 641 14,907 50 229,861 18 1,402 28,040

Northcentral: 1,693 33,467,151 406 207,101 122,328 1,736 30,045,532 858 182,403 105,071

 Illinois 198 3,799,747 119 31,083 156,985 160 3,141,533 419 26,874 167,963

 Indiana 160 2,581,438 66 11,175 69,844 180 2,365,643 60 10,931 60,728

 Iowa 79 2,216,560 10 15,468 195,797 80 1,402,800 (D) 11,225 140,313

 Kansas 58 1,495,868 16 12,340 212,759 63 1,440,497 19 7,324 116,254

 Michigan 336 7,406,557 (D) 47,074 140,101 350 6,965,771 146 41,799 119,426

 Minnesota 122 2,579,707 (D) 18,151 148,779 128 2,059,639 17 12,799 99,992

 Missouri 141 2,170,206 40 15,165 107,553 156 2,164,075 52 15,039 96,404

 Nebraska 34 266,740 (D) 826 24,294 42 302,580 9 1,400 33,333

 North Dakota 11 107,430 (D) 546 49,636 10 (D) N.A. (D) (D) 

 Ohio 365 7,922,245 124 39,297 107,663 389 7,980,131 113 45,270 116,375

 South Dakota 18 181,580 (D) 1,186 65,889 13 233,016 (D) 1,085 83,462

 Wisconsin 171 2,739,073 31 14,790 86,491 165 1,989,847 23 8,657 52,467

South: 2,490 45,807,490 1,957 348,589 139,996 2,578 48,941,935 1,751 270,200 104,810

 Alabama 115 1,782,147 280 17,489 152,078 136 2,291,053 120 11,910 87,574

 Arkansas 52 458,877 (D) 2,696 51,846 65 422,276 10 1,828 28,123

 Delaware 32 375,265 30 2,349 73,406 30 1,154,475 35 5,902 196,733

 Florida 559 22,049,673 783 126,250 225,850 524 17,179,550 468 79,184 151,115

 Georgia 190 3,205,848 48 17,697 93,142 218 2,618,175 187 16,247 74,528

 Kentucky 128 1,092,037 32 5,587 43,648 103 807,903 21 4,214 40,913

 Louisiana 96 1,024,781 106 6,108 63,625 94 1,050,352 28 5,071 53,947

 Maryland 115 1,461,089 147 10,708 93,113 161 2,045,546 61 9,854 61,205

 Mississippi 54 734,824 11 4,213 78,019 68 1,061,913 43 5,712 84,000

 North Carolina 287 6,229,046 148 50,658 176,509 286 6,754,331 288 43,753 152,983

 Oklahoma 92 578,993 7 3,639 39,554 70 819,019 5 3,364 48,057

 South Carolina 97 922,072 69 10,684 110,144 107 1,180,897 91 9,492 88,710

 Tennessee 179 1,818,600 71 12,024 67,173 178 2,328,057 134 8,322 46,753

 Texas 276 (D) 152 48,814 176,862 282 6,327,022 193 43,428 154,000

 Virginia 178 3,697,383 67 28,357 159,309 210 2,371,454 66 18,415 87,690

 West Virginia 40 376,855 6 1,316 32,900 46 529,912 1 3,504 76,174

West: 1,300 40,347,312 876 322,449 248,038 1,253 33,631,187 735 184,275 147,067

 Alaska 14 56,538 (D) 274 19,571 18 96,650 (D) 154 8,556

 Arizona 16 795,340 (D) 3,719 232,438 17 (D) 12 2,987 175,706

 California 513 24,573,540 696 220,146 429,135 446 18,659,343 515 133,648 299,659

 Colorado 65 3,134,760 15 12,571 193,400 60 1,218,762 (D) 5,715 95,250

 Hawaii 272 (D) 76 17,472 N.A. 295 2,515,737 97 (D) (D) 

 Idaho 20 405,400 (D) 3,548 177,400 20 232,120 (D) 1,270 63,500

 Montana 34 165,110 (D) 1,132 33,294 27 141,990 (D) 936 34,667

 Nevada 3 (D) (D) 5 N.A. 2 (D) N.A. (D) (D) 

 New Mexico 33 1,176,430 (D) 16,149 N.A. 24 1,147,697 (D) (D) (D) 

 Oregon 178 5,895,560 55 25,098 141,000 174 5,657,070 78 22,284 128,069

 Utah 29 1,707,766 14 11,383 N.A. 23 717,612 (D) 3,909 169,957

 Washington 118 2,436,868 20 10,907 92,432 141 3,244,206 33 13,271 94,121

 Wyoming 5 (D) N.A. 45 9,000 6 (D) N.A. 101 16,833

United States 7,390 155,298,507 4,385 1,067,724 144,482 7,475 139,158,414 4,614 823,246 110,133

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals.

 N.A. = Not available.

 Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 69

Table 49--Potted flowering plants: Wholesale value of production, by type, major States, 1991-98 1/

Florist Finished Other potted Total potted

Year African chrysan- Cyclamen florist Kalanchoes Orchids Easter Other Poinsettias flowering flowering

violets themums 2/ azaleas lilies lilies plants 3/ plants

1,000 dollars

1991 25,858 88,075 N.A. 62,150 N.A. N.A. 33,066 5,533 173,421 298,841 686,944

1992 27,232 99,254 N.A. 61,115 N.A. N.A. 34,729 5,153 193,484 338,608 759,575

1993 24,777 95,564 N.A. 59,241 N.A. N.A. 34,180 5,870 199,464 264,250 683,346

1994 27,423 93,649 13,122 52,662 11,170 N.A. 36,021 6,601 207,605 214,237 662,490

1995 25,086 92,219 15,145 57,770 11,832 N.A. 36,925 7,895 211,437 222,798 681,107

1996 23,029 84,726 16,824 43,843 13,800 46,993 38,012 N.A. 215,248 201,865 684,340

1997 22,584 82,632 17,902 42,186 15,251 69,856 46,278 N.A. 227,729 198,451 722,869

1998 22,288 72,671 16,320 42,120 16,907 64,043 44,472 N.A. 211,984 209,822 700,627

 N.A.= Not available.

1/ Prior to 1992, wholesale values of production are for growers with $10,000 or more in floricultural sales in 28 major States. Beginning 1992, includes only 

commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 2/ Excludes hardy and garden chrysanthemums. 3/ Includes

"all other potted flowering plants" (except blooming annuals) not shown separately. Blooming annuals are categorized under "bedding and garden" plants.

Source: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

Table 50--Potted African violets: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/ 

Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

Quantity sold Percent of Wholesale price Through Through Through

 Year Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All Wholesale Retail All

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

1,000

Number sq. feet --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1991 231 4,676 21,920 523 98 1.10 3.34 1.15 25,341 517 25,858

1992 292 4,922 22,625 436 97 1.13 3.50 1.18 26,415 817 27,232

1993 270 5,421 22,492 237 98 1.07 3.46 1.09 24,281 496 24,777

1994 243 5,310 23,963 721 98 1.06 2.77 1.11 26,875 548 27,423

1995 234 4,591 21,366 707 99 1.08 2.74 1.14 24,835 251 25,086

1996 223 4,119 20,683 269 99 1.06 3.79 1.10 22,799 230 23,029

1997 210 N.A. 19,736 338 99 1.09 3.23 1.13 22,358 226 22,584

1998 191 N.A. 18,911 283 97 1.14 2.77 1.16 21,619 669 22,288

 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 

2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales 

data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 51--Potted cyclamen: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 1/ 

Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

Quantity sold Percent of Wholesale price Through Through Through

 Year Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All Wholesale Retail All

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

1,000

Number sq. feet --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1994 551 3,495 2,035 2,441 94 1.89 3.80 2.93 12,335 787 13,122

1995 641 4,125 2,568 2,537 94 2.01 3.93 2.97 14,236 909 15,145

1996 661 4,270 3,087 2,556 95 2.12 4.02 2.98 15,983 841 16,824

1997 656 N.A. 3,129 2,767 95 2.17 4.02 3.04 17,007 895 17,902

1998 609 N.A. 2,752 2,650 93 2.25 3.82 3.02 15,178 1,142 16,320

 N.A.= Not available. 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 

2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales 

data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets. Estimates began in 1994.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
70 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 52--Potted chrysanthemums: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/ 

Quantity sold Wholesale price Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All wholesale retail all

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 sq. ft. --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1991 636 22,189 7,774 22,134 98 1.33 3.51 2.94 86,314 1,762 88,075

1992 791 24,832 8,448 24,823 98 1.37 3.54 2.98 97,269 1,985 99,254

1993 768 26,639 8,995 23,139 98 1.37 3.60 2.97 93,653 1,911 95,564

1994 706 27,383 9,300 21,987 98 1.44 3.65 2.99 91,776 1,873 93,649

1995 707 26,177 10,358 21,642 96 1.47 3.56 2.88 88,530 3,689 92,219

1996 686 24,577 8,905 19,825 98 1.42 3.64 2.95 83,031 1,695 84,726

1997 612 N.A. 7,779 19,328 98 1.49 3.68 3.05 80,979 1,653 82,632

1998 537 N.A. 7,001 17,759 99 1.54 3.49 2.94 71,944 727 72,671

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 

2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales 

data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 53--Potted Easter lilies: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/ 

Quantity sold Wholesale price Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

 Year Percent of Through Through Through

Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All wholesale retail all

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 sq. ft. --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1991 702 6,236 10 8,451 96 2.20 3.91 3.91 31,743 1,323 33,066

1992 909 6,767 38 8,951 94 1.97 3.87 3.86 32,645 2,084 34,729

1993 905 6,796 0 8,640 94 N.A. 3.96 3.96 32,129 2,051 34,180

1994 892 6,979 0 9,081 95 N.A. 3.97 3.97 34,220 1,801 36,021

1995 890 7,023 37 9,193 95 2.97 4.00 4.00 35,079 1,846 36,925

1996 900 7,254 182 9,399 95 2.88 3.99 3.97 36,111 1,901 38,012

1997 851 N.A. 177 12,175 96 2.72 3.76 3.75 44,427 1,851 46,278

1998 788 N.A. 350 11,624 94 3.20 3.73 3.71 41,804 2,668 44,472

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 

2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales 

date by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 54--Potted kalanchoes: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 1/ 

Quantity sold Wholesale price Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

 Year Percent of Through Through Through

Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All wholesale retail all

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 sq. ft. --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1994 209 3,167 3,031 2,192 99 1.34 3.24 2.14 11,058 112 11,170

1995 236 3,760 3,279 1,982 97 1.47 3.53 2.25 11,477 355 11,832

1996 232 4,017 3,410 2,692 99 1.40 3.35 2.26 13,662 138 13,800

1997 275 N.A. 3,615 2,863 99 1.44 3.51 2.35 15,098 153 15,251

1998 254 N.A. 3,918 2,980 99 1.50 3.70 2.45 16,738 169 16,907

 N.A. = Not available. Data not available prior to 1994 for kalanchoes. 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with

$100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are 

based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 71

Table 55--Potted poinsettias: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/ 

Quantity sold Wholesale price Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All wholesale retail all

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 sq. ft. --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1991 1,565 70,388 10,570 38,701 95 1.89 3.97 3.52 164,750 8,671 173,421

1992 2,132 77,590 12,496 43,058 92 1.83 3.96 3.48 178,005 15,479 193,484

1993 2,094 78,336 11,349 45,155 92 1.90 3.94 3.53 183,507 15,957 199,464

1994 2,098 81,735 11,686 46,209 93 1.76 4.05 3.59 193,073 14,532 207,605

1995 2,049 84,293 12,407 45,770 92 1.90 4.10 3.63 194,522 16,915 211,437

1996 2,063 88,818 12,819 46,873 93 1.92 4.07 3.61 200,181 15,067 215,248

1997 2,047 N.A. 13,446 48,999 92 1.85 4.14 3.65 209,511 18,218 227,729

1998 1,911 N.A. 13,028 45,227 91 1.88 4.15 3.64 192,905 19,079 211,984

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 

2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales 

data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 56--Potted finished florist azaleas: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/ 

Quantity sold Wholesale price Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

 Year Percent of Through Through Through

Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All wholesale retail all

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 sq. ft. --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1991 526 10,709 4,147 10,528 96 1.42 5.34 4.24 59,664 2,486 62,150

1992 695 10,377 4,149 10,544 97 1.45 5.23 4.16 59,282 1,833 61,115

1993 643 11,336 3,154 10,989 98 1.66 4.92 4.19 58,056 1,185 59,241

1994 602 10,800 6,172 9,426 97 1.53 4.58 3.38 51,082 1,580 52,662

1995 562 11,880 6,371 9,673 98 1.65 4.88 3.60 56,615 1,155 57,770

1996 546 9,647 3,251 8,567 97 1.77 4.45 3.71 42,528 1,315 43,843

1997 492 N.A. 3,350 9,584 98 1.82 3.77 3.26 41,342 844 42,186

1998 447 N.A. 2,657 9,304 98 1.99 3.96 3.52 41,278 842 42,120

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 

2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales 

data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 57--Other potted flowering plants: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/ 

Quantity sold Wholesale price Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

 Year Percent of Through Through Through

Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All wholesale retail all

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 sq. ft. --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1991 1,098 55,457 57,291 41,920 97 2.14 4.20 3.01 289,876 8,965 298,841

1992 1,419 67,843 67,932 49,395 95 2.00 4.10 2.89 321,678 16,930 338,608

1993 1,406 71,213 50,375 55,815 95 1.48 3.40 2.49 251,038 13,213 264,250

1994 1,301 53,789 37,205 39,250 95 1.77 3.78 2.80 203,525 10,712 214,237

1995 1,317 63,009 45,951 37,580 95 1.61 3.97 2.67 211,658 11,140 222,798

1996 1,321 57,710 52,440 39,266 97 1.30 3.41 2.20 195,809 6,056 201,865

1997 1,260 N.A. 47,538 37,930 96 1.32 3.58 2.32 190,513 7,938 198,451

1998 1,411 N.A. 41,542 35,984 94 1.75 3.81 2.71 197,233 12,589 209,822

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 

Includes all potted flowering plants except African violets, chrysanthemums, azaleas, Easter lilies, poinsettias, and orchids. Includes other lilies until 1995.

Kalanchoes and cyclamens began in 1994, and orchids began in 1996. 2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales

estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets.

 Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
72 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 58--Potted orchids: Growers, production, and value of sales, 1996-98 1/ 

Equivalent wholesale value of sales

Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Production Quantity sales at Wholesale wholesale retail all

Growers area sold wholesale price outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 1,000 Percent Dollars --1,000 dollars--

sq. feet pots per pot

 1996 175 6,712 8,592 87 5.47 40,884 6,109 46,993

 1997 210 N.A. 9,581 87 7.29 60,775 9,081 69,856

 1998 210 N.A. 8,389 82 7.63 52,515 11,528 64,043

 1/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold wholesale. 

Sales data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets. Estimates began in 1996.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 59--Potted dendrobium orchids: Growers, production, and value of sales, Hawaii, 1991-98 1/ 

Equivalent wholesale value of sales

Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Production Quantity sales at Wholesale wholesale retail all

Growers area sold wholesale price outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 1,000 Percent Dollars --1,000 dollars--

sq. feet pots per pot

 1991 47 671 441 94 5.35 2,217 142 2,359

 1992 51 791 597 90 5.47 2,939 327 3,265

 1993 44 865 653 97 5.44 3,445 107 3,552

 1994 45 970 618 97 5.67 3,399 105 3,504

 1995 51 965 761 98 5.43 4,049 83 4,132

 1996 55 1,000 1,025 98 4.48 4,500 92 4,592

 1997 62 1,135 1,248 93 4.48 5,200 391 5,591

 1998 62 N.A. 1,021 93 5.53 5,251 395 5,646

 1/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold wholesale. 

Sales data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 60--Potted other orchids: Growers, production, and value of sales, Hawaii, 1991-98 1/ 

Equivalent wholesale value of sales

Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Production Quantity sales at Wholesale wholesale retail all

Growers area sold wholesale price outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 1,000 Percent Dollars --1,000 dollars--

sq. feet pots per pot

 1991 43 965 1,143 86 3.62 3,560 580 4,140

 1992 48 1,000 907 88 4.40 3,510 479 3,989

 1993 45 935 653 93 6.78 4,116 310 4,426

 1994 45 875 698 90 5.93 3,725 414 4,139

 1995 55 1,180 1,127 77 4.63 4,018 1,200 5,218

 1996 60 1,320 1,690 74 4.40 5,503 1,933 7,436

 1997 57 1,335 1,586 87 4.13 5,699 852 6,550

 1998 59 N.A. 1,171 78 5.12 4,677 1,319 5,996

 1/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold wholesale. 

Sales data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets. Includes all potted orchids except dendrobium.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 73

Table 61--Bedding and garden plants: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992

1997 1992

Region Area under Acreage Area under Acreage

and Farms glass in the Sales glass in the Sales

State or other open Total Per farm Farms or other open Total Per farm

protection protection

Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars

Northeast: 5,317 64,791,522 3,482 449,162 84,477 4,180 44,216,013 1,511 227,874 54,515

 Connecticut 414 6,068,001 260 46,543 112,423 316 4,307,981 95 23,738 75,120

 Maine 442 2,088,135 170 13,918 31,489 364 1,700,872 104 9,446 25,951

 Massachusetts 634 6,357,534 470 53,145 83,825 519 5,028,360 265 26,127 50,341

 New Hampshire 249 2,395,704 81 23,743 95,353 197 1,279,918 55 8,689 44,107

 New Jersey 654 11,423,398 729 69,257 105,898 549 7,381,873 423 32,672 59,512

 New York 1,341 16,595,648 846 107,500 80,164 1,072 12,062,962 214 57,958 54,065

 Pennsylvania 1,250 17,602,981 732 119,126 95,301 934 11,105,235 279 63,043 67,498

 Rhode Island 106 998,749 47 5,945 N.A. 64 527,834 24 2,022 31,594

 Vermont 227 1,261,372 147 9,985 43,987 165 820,978 52 4,179 25,327

Northcentral: 5,060 94,948,275 4,675 659,753 130,386 4,158 75,366,679 1,873 374,296 90,018

 Illinois 507 8,030,178 673 69,739 137,552 367 4,838,499 507 26,434 72,027

 Indiana 412 5,634,186 309 33,154 80,471 365 4,788,650 293 21,452 58,773

 Iowa 259 4,386,973 80 30,992 119,660 274 3,564,824 35 20,134 73,482

 Kansas 193 3,340,882 124 19,289 99,943 146 2,559,759 31 13,991 95,829

 Michigan 1,065 29,560,166 1,683 207,229 194,581 798 24,518,470 519 113,112 141,744

 Minnesota 394 6,676,219 227 44,578 113,142 342 5,871,044 68 27,836 81,392

 Missouri 417 3,911,749 560 35,012 83,962 338 4,286,466 65 20,542 60,775

 Nebraska 111 1,080,354 116 8,957 80,694 102 1,090,396 25 6,029 59,108

 North Dakota 52 574,332 (D) 4,173 80,250 60 494,755 13 3,455 57,583

 Ohio 1,022 23,355,278 622 148,030 144,843 883 17,426,843 221 83,568 94,641

 South Dakota 53 1,197,813 61 8,901 167,943 51 931,250 (D) 5,311 104,137

 Wisconsin 575 7,200,145 220 49,699 86,433 432 4,995,723 96 32,432 75,074

South: 5,337 91,320,291 5,644 700,587 131,270 4,640 66,805,521 4,720 406,890 87,692

 Alabama 266 8,052,069 331 48,508 182,361 219 4,900,581 159 30,723 140,288

 Arkansas 143 1,768,139 59 7,365 51,503 153 1,419,076 54 5,788 37,830

 Delaware 54 883,792 (D) 4,519 83,685 33 805,968 14 3,935 119,242

 Florida 502 14,761,581 987 154,885 308,536 387 14,278,909 699 92,136 238,078

 Georgia 431 6,635,311 391 56,506 131,104 375 4,404,724 1,132 26,268 70,048

 Kentucky 375 3,817,589 276 20,582 54,885 354 2,777,312 150 12,526 35,384

 Louisiana 164 2,615,460 167 18,783 114,530 159 1,584,141 86 11,084 69,711

 Maryland 323 3,959,161 306 32,846 101,690 326 3,564,619 359 20,652 63,350

 Mississippi 122 2,164,618 125 12,443 101,992 135 1,769,924 46 7,626 56,489

 North Carolina 691 10,780,677 501 71,161 102,983 525 7,292,094 486 37,182 70,823

 Oklahoma 258 2,393,514 75 14,578 56,504 228 1,921,244 38 9,643 42,294

 South Carolina 236 3,020,231 283 26,809 113,597 193 1,366,848 44 6,468 33,513

 Tennessee 461 5,393,913 561 31,768 68,911 398 3,694,948 208 16,907 42,480

 Texas 660 16,256,720 891 146,518 221,997 568 12,093,249 1,018 97,328 171,352

 Virginia 492 7,082,595 644 43,735 88,892 428 3,851,083 208 24,236 56,626

 West Virginia 159 1,734,921 47 9,581 60,258 159 1,080,801 19 4,388 27,597

West: 2,893 63,664,755 6,575 619,441 214,117 1,894 41,847,606 5,200 376,367 198,715

 Alaska 266 8,052,069 331 48,508 182,361 51 619,699 9 5,440 106,667

 Arizona 50 1,743,996 82 13,285 265,700 51 1,401,082 204 10,301 201,980

 California 764 23,863,752 4,520 324,730 425,039 500 21,481,347 4,250 231,397 462,794

 Colorado 222 7,197,373 110 52,173 235,014 174 3,561,883 40 30,896 177,563

 Hawaii 75 (D) 44 (D) N.A. 73 257,210 33 (D) (D) 

 Idaho 116 1,135,687 82 9,147 78,853 70 826,300 28 5,066 72,371

 Montana 138 1,280,207 36 7,148 51,797 103 821,242 (D) 4,533 44,010

 Nevada 15 (D) (D) (D) N.A. 12 107,398 (D) (D) (D) 

 New Mexico 76 756,401 28 7,086 N.A. 74 676,337 41 4,668 63,081

 Oregon 587 7,940,630 467 56,243 95,814 374 4,635,620 293 28,820 77,059

 Utah 130 2,789,691 84 22,827 N.A. 87 1,928,733 20 11,004 126,483

 Washington 423 8,580,181 791 76,106 179,920 293 5,311,037 269 42,766 145,959

 Wyoming 31 324,768 (D) 2,188 70,581 32 219,718 13 1,476 46,125

United States 18,393 307,696,181 20,085 2,392,495 130,076 14,872 228,235,819 13,816 1,391,175 93,543

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals.

 N.A. = Not available.

 Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
74 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 62--Bedding and garden plants, flowering hanging baskets: Wholesale value of production, by type, major States, 1991-98 1/

Potted bedding and garden plants 

Hardy Other Vegetable Total potted

 Year garden Impatiens Geraniums flowering and type bedding and

chrysanthemums Cutting Seed foliar type 2/ garden plants

1,000 dollars

1991 44,034 N.A. 66,671 36,727 199,291 12,132 358,855

1992 51,666 N.A. 80,678 41,126 241,175 15,058 429,703

1993 55,745 N.A. 83,038 40,758 224,947 13,530 418,018

1994 57,923 14,874 86,061 43,551 243,365 14,666 460,440

1995 65,001 17,585 103,569 42,035 248,916 16,596 493,702

1996 69,078 16,828 92,457 38,841 281,817 21,802 520,823

1997 78,316 18,102 97,123 42,675 398,820 27,115 662,151

1998 90,425 19,311 108,437 36,293 530,189 37,187 821,842

Bedding and garden plants in flats Flowering Total bedding

Total hanging and garden

 Year Other flowering Vegetable bedding plants baskets plants, potted

Geraniums Impatiens and foliar type 3/ type in flats 4/ and in flats) 5/

1,000 dollars

1991 23,131 N.A. 395,068 64,465 482,664 100,930 942,449

1992 30,291 N.A. 457,588 78,224 566,103 122,365 1,118,171

1993 31,915 N.A. 514,095 66,759 612,769 139,224 1,170,011

1994 37,402 83,916 482,429 64,373 668,120 151,527 1,280,087

1995 35,859 107,014 481,507 74,676 699,056 164,209 1,356,967

1996 42,598 109,475 499,164 79,578 730,815 176,495 1,428,133

1997 37,281 126,394 624,876 98,755 887,306 197,502 1,746,959

1998 29,207 110,528 560,035 91,039 790,809 199,977 1,812,628

See footnotes at bottom of the page.

Table 63--Bedding and garden plants: Number sold in pots, flats, and hanging baskets, by type, major States, 1991-98 1/

Potted bedding and garden plants 

Hardy Other Vegetable Total potted

 Year garden Impatiens Geraniums flowering and type bedding and

chrysanthemums Cutting Seed foliar type 2/ garden plants

1,000 pots

1991 32,309 N.A. 44,951 42,425 226,587 15,560 361,832

1992 37,125 N.A. 53,374 47,424 279,243 20,025 437,191

1993 39,041 N.A. 52,849 49,290 248,010 16,072 405,262

1994 39,047 23,541 55,437 50,719 239,612 17,753 426,109

1995 43,306 24,250 65,628 49,290 237,600 19,095 439,169

1996 45,589 22,611 56,057 44,523 244,040 23,954 436,774

1997 48,753 24,002 55,810 47,979 276,542 29,646 482,732

1998 54,812 24,500 63,476 42,874 340,923 36,659 563,244

Bedding and garden plants in flats Flowering Total bedding

Total hanging and garden

Other flowering Vegetable bedding plants baskets plants, potted

 Year Geraniums Impatiens and foliar type 3/ type in flats 4/ and in flats) 5/

--1,000 flats-- 1,000 baskets 1,000 units

1991 2,595 N.A. 60,164 9,706 72,465 18,893 453,190

1992 3,148 N.A. 67,941 11,218 82,307 22,498 541,996

1993 3,254 N.A. 74,334 9,592 87,180 25,588 518,030

1994 4,097 12,940 67,976 9,230 94,243 26,888 547,240

1995 3,978 15,501 67,461 10,327 97,267 28,692 565,128

1996 4,462 15,722 69,292 10,666 100,142 30,164 567,080

1997 3,940 18,147 83,637 12,624 118,348 34,185 635,265

1998 3,277 16,587 74,502 11,818 106,184 33,864 703,292

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Prior to 1992, estimates include commercial growers with $10,000 or more in floricultural sales in 28 major States.

Beginning 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 major States. 2/ Includes potted New Guinea

impatiens, potted petunias, and other potted flowering and foliar bedding plants. 3/ Includes bedding New Guinea impatiens in flats, bedding

petunias in flats, and other flowering and foliar type bedding plants in flats. 4/ Includes geraniums, impatiens, New Guinea impatiens, petunias, 

and other flowering hanging baskets. 5/ Includes flowering hanging baskets, but not foliage hanging baskets.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 75

Table 64--Flowering hanging baskets: Growers, production, and value of sales, by type, 1991-98 1/ 

 Type Percent of Equivalent wholesale value of sales through 

 and Growers Quantity sales at Wholesale Wholesale Retail All

 Year sold wholesale price outlets outlets outlets

1,000 Dollars

Number baskets Percent per basket --1,000 dollars--

Geraniums:

1994 1,739 3,274 81 6.36 16,875 3,958 20,833

1995 2,009 4,010 84 6.34 21,342 4,065 25,407

1996 2,178 4,691 83 6.43 25,018 5,124 30,142

1997 2,297 5,066 81 6.38 26,190 6,143 32,333

1998 2,040 4,664 80 6.56 24,489 6,122 30,611

Impatiens:

1994 1,637 3,018 85 5.28 13,534 2,388 15,922

1995 1,869 3,668 87 5.22 16,672 2,491 19,163

1996 1,997 4,004 86 5.22 17,966 2,925 20,891

1997 2,050 4,339 86 5.05 18,844 3,068 21,912

1998 1,769 4,029 87 4.98 17,442 2,606 20,048

New Guinea Impatiens:

1994 1,491 3,264 89 6.06 17,602 2,175 19,777

1995 1,722 3,812 89 6.04 20,482 2,532 23,014

1996 1,822 4,210 87 6.32 23,145 3,459 26,604

1997 1,986 4,674 87 6.25 25,402 3,796 29,198

1998 1,868 4,190 85 6.40 22,794 4,023 26,817

Petunias:

1994 1,171 852 84 5.42 3,876 738 4,614

1995 1,467 1,345 86 5.36 6,196 1,009 7,205

1996 1,695 1,664 84 5.40 7,547 1,437 8,984

1997 1,908 2,013 83 5.40 9,027 1,849 10,876

1998 1,687 2,136 84 5.41 9,715 1,851 11,566

Other flowering

hanging baskets:

1994 2,540 16,480 88 5.48 79,535 10,846 90,381

1995 2,537 15,857 88 5.64 78,690 10,730 89,420

1996 2,618 15,595 86 5.76 77,292 12,582 89,874

1997 2,734 18,093 87 5.70 89,769 13,414 103,183

1998 2,516 18,845 83 5.89 92,076 18,859 110,935

All flowering

hanging baskets:

1991 1,969 18,893 90 5.34 90,837 10,093 100,930

1992 2,818 22,498 87 5.44 106,458 15,907 122,365

1993 2,818 25,588 89 5.44 123,909 15,315 139,224

1994 N.A. 26,888 87 5.64 131,421 20,106 151,527

1995 N.A. 28,692 87 5.72 143,382 20,827 164,209

1996 N.A. 30,164 86 5.85 150,968 25,527 176,495

1997 N.A. 34,185 86 5.78 169,233 28,269 197,502

1998 N.A. 33,864 83 5.91 166,517 33,460 199,977

 N.A. = Not available.

1/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold wholesale. Sales data by 

size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets. Estimates by type began in 1994.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
76 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 65--Potted hardy and garden chrysanthemums: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/ 

Quantity sold Wholesale price Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All wholesale retail all

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 sq. ft. --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1991 1,198 32,389 15,250 17,059 92 0.80 1.87 1.36 40,511 3,523 44,034

1992 1,750 39,735 16,413 20,712 91 0.84 1.84 1.39 47,016 4,650 51,666

1993 1,764 44,241 13,347 25,694 90 0.81 1.75 1.43 50,171 5,575 55,745

1994 1,754 46,515 13,574 25,473 90 0.83 1.83 1.48 52,131 5,792 57,923

1995 1,781 49,992 13,761 29,545 90 0.80 1.83 1.50 58,501 6,500 65,001

1996 1,864 55,088 13,001 32,588 91 0.82 1.79 1.52 62,861 6,217 69,078

1997 1,989 N.A. 12,686 36,067 89 0.89 1.86 1.61 69,701 8,615 78,316

1998 1,870 N.A. 15,044 39,768 89 0.90 1.93 1.65 80,478 9,947 90,425

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 

2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales 

data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 66--Potted geraniums, cuttings: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/ 

Quantity sold Wholesale price Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

 Year Percent of Through Through Through

Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All wholesale retail all

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 sq. ft. --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1991 1,432 20,164 35,747 9,204 85 1.23 2.43 1.48 56,670 10,001 66,671

1992 2,104 25,722 42,206 11,168 79 1.26 2.46 1.51 63,736 16,942 80,678

1993 2,096 25,281 41,584 11,265 78 1.29 2.62 1.57 64,770 18,268 83,038

1994 2,112 26,078 45,086 10,351 78 1.29 2.71 1.55 67,128 18,933 86,061

1995 2,182 28,371 49,726 15,902 82 1.24 2.64 1.58 84,927 18,642 103,569

1996 2,259 27,035 40,770 15,287 80 1.30 2.57 1.65 73,966 18,491 92,457

1997 2,360 N.A. 40,620 15,190 76 1.41 2.61 1.74 73,813 23,310 97,123

1998 2,475 N.A. 47,038 16,438 77 1.39 2.63 1.71 83,496 24,941 108,437

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 

2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales 

data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 67--Potted geraniums, seed: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/ 

Quantity sold Wholesale price Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

 Year Percent of Through Through Through

Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All wholesale retail all

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 sq. ft. --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1991 752 14,467 40,526 1,899 94 0.80 2.24 0.87 34,523 2,204 36,727

1992 1,033 15,118 45,542 1,882 92 0.80 2.44 0.87 37,836 3,290 41,126

1993 1,023 15,396 47,211 2,079 92 0.77 2.08 0.83 37,497 3,261 40,758

1994 1,018 13,416 48,612 2,107 91 0.80 2.24 0.86 39,631 3,920 43,551

1995 960 13,021 46,913 2,377 92 0.80 1.84 0.85 38,672 3,363 42,035

1996 919 11,434 42,339 2,184 92 0.82 1.91 0.87 35,734 3,107 38,841

1997 954 N.A. 44,198 3,781 93 0.80 1.90 0.89 39,688 2,987 42,675

1998 950 N.A. 40,870 2,004 91 0.80 1.79 0.85 33,027 3,266 36,293

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 

2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales 

data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 77

Table 68--Potted impatiens: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 1/ 

Quantity sold Wholesale price Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All wholesale retail all

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 sq. ft. --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1994 584 12,093 21,820 1,721 95 0.57 1.45 0.63 14,130 744 14,874

1995 668 13,290 21,916 2,334 94 0.64 1.57 0.73 16,530 1,055 17,585

1996 749 10,698 20,098 2,513 94 0.64 1.54 0.74 15,818 1,010 16,828

1997 861 N.A. 20,791 3,211 91 0.63 1.53 0.75 16,473 1,629 18,102

1998 897 N.A. 20,566 3,934 91 0.65 1.53 0.79 17,573 1,738 19,311

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 

2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales 

data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets. Estimates began in 1994.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 69--Potted New Guinea impatiens: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 1/ 

Quantity sold Wholesale price Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

 Year Percent of Through Through Through

Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All wholesale retail all

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 sq. ft. --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1994 1,219 4,306 7,161 1,979 83 1.20 2.44 1.47 11,145 2,283 13,428

1995 1,435 5,641 8,452 3,072 83 1.24 2.45 1.56 14,942 3,061 18,003

1996 1,630 7,198 10,499 3,732 85 1.20 2.35 1.50 18,159 3,205 21,364

1997 1,846 N.A. 11,960 4,427 83 1.31 2.38 1.60 21,764 4,458 26,222

1998 2,059 N.A. 13,706 3,895 79 1.30 2.45 1.55 21,555 5,730 27,285

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 

2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales 

data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets. Estimates began in 1994.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
78 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 70--Potted petunias: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 1/ 

Quantity sold Wholesale price Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All wholesale retail all

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 sq. ft. --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1994 391 5,697 11,191 959 95 0.65 1.45 0.71 8,245 434 8,679

1995 535 5,704 10,656 1,129 93 0.66 1.78 0.77 8,398 632 9,030

1996 628 5,026 10,520 1,813 93 0.66 1.58 0.79 9,111 686 9,797

1997 776 N.A. 9,061 1,985 92 0.68 1.60 0.84 8,575 746 9,321

1998 840 N.A. 10,139 2,408 91 0.68 1.57 0.85 9,735 963 10,698

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 

2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales 

data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets. Estimates began in 1994.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 71--Other potted flowering bedding plants: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/ 

Quantity sold Wholesale price Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

 Year Percent of Through Through Through

Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All wholesale retail all

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 sq. ft. --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1991 1,152 102,712 184,546 42,041 97 0.68 1.74 0.88 193,312 5,979 199,291

1992 1,756 130,580 240,921 38,322 94 0.71 1.86 0.86 226,705 14,471 241,175

1993 1,768 120,582 210,780 37,230 93 0.72 1.95 0.91 209,201 15,746 224,947

1994 1,678 106,415 171,536 46,786 94 0.73 2.06 1.01 207,983 13,275 221,258

1995 1,747 101,966 159,627 54,664 94 0.78 1.79 1.04 208,570 13,313 221,883

1996 1,839 95,578 134,216 83,260 93 0.82 1.69 1.15 233,110 17,546 250,656

1997 2,304 N.A. 170,526 78,583 86 0.94 2.58 1.46 312,418 50,859 363,277

1998 2,632 N.A. 208,047 102,728 84 0.95 2.87 1.58 413,453 78,753 492,206

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 

2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales data 

by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets. Includes all except geraniums, impatiens, New Guinea impatiens, and petunias. 

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 72--Potted vegetable bedding plants: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/ 

Quantity sold Wholesale price Equivalent wholesale value of sales 2/

 Year Percent of Through Through Through

Growers Production Under 5 inches sales at Under 5 inches All wholesale retail all

area 5 inches or more wholesale 5 inches or more outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 sq. ft. --1,000 pots-- Percent --Dollars per pot-- --1,000 dollars--

1991 535 5,662 13,614 1,946 89 0.67 1.53 0.78 10,797 1,335 12,132

1992 846 7,734 17,537 2,488 86 0.63 1.60 0.75 12,950 2,108 15,058

1993 841 6,874 13,761 2,311 86 0.73 1.50 0.84 11,636 1,894 13,530

1994 925 3,551 14,803 2,950 87 0.70 1.48 0.83 12,759 1,907 14,666

1995 977 7,766 16,185 2,910 88 0.74 1.56 0.87 14,604 1,992 16,596

1996 1,029 8,293 19,127 4,827 90 0.74 1.59 0.91 19,622 2,180 21,802

1997 1,093 N.A. 23,545 6,101 88 0.76 1.50 0.91 23,861 3,254 27,115

1998 907 N.A. 29,201 7,458 88 0.81 1.83 1.01 32,725 4,462 37,187

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Includes 28 States prior to 1992. Since 1992, includes only commercial growers with $100,000 or more in floricultural sales in 36 States. 

2/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent sold at wholesale. Sales 

data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets. 

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 79

Table 73--Bedding geraniums, flats: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/ 

Equivalent wholesale value of sales

Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Production Quantity sales at Wholesale wholesale retail all

Growers area sold wholesale price outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 1,000 Percent Dollars --1,000 dollars--

sq. feet flats per flat

 1991 678 5,241 2,595 91 8.91 21,049 2,082 23,131

 1992 913 6,815 3,148 87 9.62 26,353 3,938 30,291

 1993 925 6,876 3,254 87 9.81 27,766 4,149 31,915

 1994 904 8,671 4,097 88 9.13 32,914 4,488 37,402

 1995 921 8,017 3,978 79 9.01 28,329 7,530 35,859

 1996 980 9,209 4,462 86 9.55 36,634 5,964 42,598

 1997 1,029 N.A. 3,940 80 9.46 29,825 7,456 37,281

 1998 828 N.A. 3,277 83 8.91 24,242 4,965 29,207

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent 

sold wholesale. Sales data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets. 

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 74--Bedding impatiens plants, flats: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 1/

Equivalent wholesale value of sales

Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Production Quantity sales at Wholesale wholesale retail all

Growers area sold wholesale price outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 1,000 Percent Dollars --1,000 dollars--

sq. feet flats per flat

 1994 1,721 26,869 12,940 86 6.49 72,168 11,748 83,916

 1995 2,019 31,650 15,501 87 6.90 93,102 13,912 107,014

 1996 2,197 32,476 15,722 87 6.96 95,243 14,232 109,475

 1997 2,393 N.A. 18,147 86 6.97 108,699 17,695 126,394

 1998 2,400 N.A. 16,587 82 6.66 90,633 19,895 110,528

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent 

sold wholesale. Sales data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets. Estimates began in 1994.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 75--Bedding New Guinea impatiens plants, flats: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 1/

Equivalent wholesale value of sales

Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Production Quantity sales at Wholesale wholesale retail all

Growers area sold wholesale price outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 1,000 Percent Dollars --1,000 dollars--

sq. feet flats per flat

 1994 421 1,947 890 84 8.85 6,613 1,260 7,873

 1995 453 2,221 1,055 83 9.10 7,969 1,632 9,601

 1996 497 1,901 877 83 8.98 6,535 1,338 7,873

 1997 555 N.A. 861 78 9.86 6,620 1,867 8,487

 1998 343 N.A. 639 85 10.30 5,595 987 6,582

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent 

sold wholesale. Sales data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets. Estimates began in 1994.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
80 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 76--Bedding petunias, flats: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1994-98 1/ 

Equivalent wholesale value of sales

Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Production Quantity sales at Wholesale wholesale retail all

Growers area sold wholesale price outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 1,000 Percent Dollars --1,000 dollars--

sq. feet flats per flat

 1994 1,704 18,704 8,841 87 6.82 52,419 7,833 60,252

 1995 2,008 22,111 10,754 88 7.21 68,189 9,298 77,487

 1996 2,161 22,646 10,761 87 7.10 66,432 9,927 76,359

 1997 2,494 N.A. 11,818 85 7.36 73,962 13,052 87,014

 1998 2,445 N.A. 11,439 82 7.21 67,634 14,847 82,481

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent 

sold wholesale. Sales data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets. Estimates began in 1994.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 77--Other flowering and foliar type bedding plants, flats: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/ 

Equivalent wholesale value of sales

Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Production Quantity sales at Wholesale wholesale retail all

Growers area sold wholesale price outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 1,000 Percent Dollars --1,000 dollars--

sq. feet flats per flat

1991 1,697 125,709 60,164 91 6.57 359,512 35,556 395,068

1992 2,425 151,947 67,941 87 6.74 398,102 59,486 457,588

1993 2,461 162,476 74,334 88 6.92 452,404 61,691 514,095

1994 2,408 123,871 58,245 89 7.11 368,731 45,573 414,304

1995 2,395 117,549 55,652 88 7.09 347,089 47,330 394,419

1996 2,491 118,674 57,654 88 7.20 365,140 49,792 414,932

1997 2,697 N.A. 70,958 88 7.46 465,850 63,525 529,375

1998 2,785 N.A. 62,424 84 7.54 395,616 75,356 470,972

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent 

sold wholesale. Sales data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets. Includes all except geraniums, impatiens, 

New Guinea impatiens, and petunias.

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.

Table 78--Vegetable bedding plants, flats: Growers, production, and value of sales, major States, 1991-98 1/ 

Equivalent wholesale value of sales

Percent of Through Through Through

 Year Production Quantity sales at Wholesale wholesale retail all

Growers area sold wholesale price outlets outlets outlets

Number 1,000 1,000 Percent Dollars --1,000 dollars--

sq. feet flats per flat

1991 1,345 20,646 9,706 89 6.64 57,374 7,091 64,465

1992 1,960 25,894 11,218 87 6.97 68,055 10,169 78,224

1993 1,952 20,292 9,592 84 6.96 56,078 10,681 66,759

1994 1,984 19,281 9,230 84 6.97 54,073 10,300 64,373

1995 1,994 20,932 10,327 85 7.23 63,475 11,201 74,676

1996 2,062 22,259 10,666 86 7.46 68,437 11,141 79,578

1997 2,121 N.A. 12,624 87 7.82 85,917 12,838 98,755

1998 1,753 N.A. 11,818 85 7.70 77,383 13,656 91,039

 N.A. = Not available. 1/ Equivalent wholesale values for each type of sales outlet. Wholesale and retail sales estimates are based on the reported percent 

sold wholesale. Sales data by size categories not available for wholesale and retail outlets. 

Sources: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 81

Table 79--Bulbs: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992

1997 1992

Region Area under Acreage Area under Acreage

and Farms glass in the Sales glass in the Sales

State or other open Total Per farm Farms or other open Total Per farm

protection protection

Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars

Northeast: 1/ 186 796,247 230 4,042 21,731 143 151,704 378 1,518 10,615

 Connecticut 9 (D) 10 44 (D) 4 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

 Maine 12 (D) 11 39 3,250 5 N.A. 3 5 1,000

 Massachusetts 20 85,420 30 (D) (D) 11 N.A. 14 (D) (D) 

 New Hampshire 6 10,600 N.A. (D) (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 New Jersey 46 240,145 113 1,788 (D) 37 (D) 230 331 8,946

 New York 38 305,800 44 1,255 33,026 25 (D) 50 (D) (D) 

 Pennsylvania 47 154,282 22 916 19,489 56 151,704 81 1,182 21,107

 Rhode Island 3 (D) (D) (D) (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Vermont 5 (D) (D) (D) (D) 5 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

Northcentral: 1/ 232 874,620 440 4,567 19,685 216 133,480 514 2,259 10,458

 Illinois 20 129,100 64 1,535 76,750 10 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

 Indiana 11 (D) 12 (D) (D) 7 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

 Iowa 10 (D) 3 (D) (D) 7 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

 Kansas 8 (D) 1 15 (D) 3 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

 Michigan 70 446,764 152 (D) (D) 54 (D) 259 754 13,963

 Minnesota 24 (D) 83 722 30,083 25 (D) 31 149 5,960

 Missouri 21 (D) 62 306 14,571 33 5,594 177 897 27,182

 Nebraska 5 (D) (D) (D) (D) 8 (D) 10 32 4,000

 North Dakota N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Ohio 40 266,423 16 1,352 33,800 60 127,886 37 427 7,117

 South Dakota 3 N.A. 10 (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Wisconsin 20 32,333 37 637 31,850 9 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

South: 1/ 341 330,016 2,242 4,583 13,440 301 41,079 2,767 3,371 11,199

 Alabama 13 41,882 (D) 192 14,769 12 (D) 17 85 7,083

 Arkansas 9 (D) 108 (D) (D) 3 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

 Delaware N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Florida 71 (D) 1,529 (D) (D) 76 (D) 1,556 (D) (D) 

 Georgia 28 49,048 28 174 6,214 19 (D) 29 112 5,895

 Kentucky 13 21,000 43 (D) (D) 7 (D) (D) 186 26,571

 Louisiana 18 1,850 28 125 6,944 12 (D) 20 93 7,750

 Maryland 11 (D) 7 (D) (D) 23 15,644 22 (D) (D) 

 Mississippi 8 (D) 8 (D) (D) 9 (D) 8 (D) (D) 

 North Carolina 36 12,740 269 826 22,944 31 (D) 570 1,546 49,871

 Oklahoma 16 (D) 138 525 32,813 12 (D) 156 350 29,167

 South Carolina 16 (D) (D) 76 4,750 16 (D) 43 61 3,813

 Tennessee 28 (D) 54 156 5,571 30 (D) 131 (D) (D) 

 Texas 49 102,584 (D) 2,166 44,204 30 17,235 215 677 22,567

 Virginia 20 100,912 30 307 15,350 21 8,200 (D) 261 12,429

 West Virginia 5 (D) (D) 36 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

West: 1/ 341 719,019 5,309 43,918 128,792 321 280,371 4,402 32,090 99,969

 Alaska 5 3,000 (D) 26 5,200 4 494 (D) (D) (D) 

 Arizona 3 (D) (D) (D) (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 California 125 459,919 1,214 19,102 152,816 87 (D) 819 9,835 113,046

 Colorado 13 (D) 29 (D) (D) 4 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

 Hawaii N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Idaho 7 (D) (D) (D) (D) 3 (D) 1 (D) (D) 

 Montana 5 (D) 2 (D) (D) 4 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

 Nevada N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 New Mexico 6 (D) (D) (D) (D) 6 (D) 6 (D) (D) 

 Oregon 98 (D) 1,093 12,192 124,408 129 22,109 1,129 11,516 89,271

 Utah 3 (D) (D) (D) (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Washington 76 256,100 2,971 12,598 165,763 84 257,768 2,447 10,739 127,845

 Wyoming N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

United States 1,104 3,749,931 8,837 73,810 66,857 993 1,004,474 8,428 52,497 52,867

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals.

 N.A. = Not available.

 1/ Region totals include only published State data.

 Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
82 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 80--Nursery crops: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992

1997 1992

Region Area under Acreage Area under Acreage

and Farms glass in the Sales glass in the Sales

State or other open Total Per farm Farms or other open Total Per farm

protection protection

Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars

Northeast: 3,155 16,104,150 56,484 392,277 124,335 3,507 17,724,853 62,083 341,013 97,238

 Connecticut 183 616,555 6,257 69,126 377,738 234 696,568 6,125 58,480 249,915

 Maine 96 291,575 830 4,749 49,469 131 165,829 899 5,323 40,634

 Massachusetts 208 409,906 2,174 31,013 149,101 255 509,749 2,707 26,696 104,690

 New Hampshire 71 54,244 291 6,007 84,606 89 77,064 536 2,925 32,865

 New Jersey 936 6,869,019 16,533 99,907 106,738 1,003 8,807,591 16,045 81,685 81,441

 New York 614 809,863 12,411 64,724 105,414 704 1,205,359 14,533 69,469 98,678

 Pennsylvania 923 6,564,401 16,208 103,469 112,101 930 5,828,663 19,110 83,264 89,531

 Rhode Island 53 455,937 1,411 11,329 213,755 65 395,180 1,584 11,033 169,738

 Vermont 71 32,650 369 1,953 27,507 96 38,850 544 2,138 22,271

Northcentral: 3,972 23,564,008 86,378 531,740 133,872 3,887 13,398,437 83,248 444,435 114,339

 Illinois 531 2,218,941 20,443 104,036 195,925 513 1,314,613 19,236 93,375 182,018

 Indiana 323 269,530 5,411 25,999 80,492 303 618,621 5,061 25,424 83,908

 Iowa 188 253,682 2,266 13,089 69,622 181 359,969 3,054 17,821 98,459

 Kansas 111 68,815 976 3,509 31,613 92 66,498 1,401 4,286 46,587

 Michigan 822 15,099,566 17,227 130,703 159,006 834 3,367,325 18,160 103,660 124,293

 Minnesota 333 213,324 5,890 46,065 138,333 312 1,190,002 7,967 42,783 137,125

 Missouri 231 253,016 3,329 20,048 86,788 227 301,277 2,805 15,716 69,233

 Nebraska 102 121,800 1,258 5,013 49,147 75 31,993 1,061 3,916 52,213

 North Dakota 29 (D) 296 1,910 65,862 36 (D) 761 2,360 65,556

 Ohio 858 4,431,456 19,406 135,364 157,767 882 5,782,694 17,121 102,541 116,260

 South Dakota 45 (D) 618 5,526 122,800 32 67,375 494 5,554 173,563

 Wisconsin 399 633,878 9,258 40,478 101,449 400 298,070 6,127 26,999 67,498

South: 7,526 54,479,933 136,532 1,180,978 156,920 8,416 52,012,282 126,743 918,086 109,088

 Alabama 298 6,418,089 5,629 63,543 213,232 297 10,341,365 5,405 61,666 207,630

 Arkansas 98 655,675 360 4,388 44,776 106 641,209 753 5,871 55,387

 Delaware 38 466,100 440 5,213 137,184 43 40,100 824 4,265 99,186

 Florida 2,261 14,340,665 30,161 385,448 170,477 2,519 15,471,322 28,552 309,090 122,703

 Georgia 428 4,131,340 4,898 74,116 173,168 421 2,421,534 3,977 52,597 124,933

 Kentucky 224 405,926 4,036 14,486 64,670 274 665,313 4,458 14,444 52,715

 Louisiana 265 2,228,518 4,012 33,745 127,340 284 1,868,501 4,022 20,160 70,986

 Maryland 260 1,421,099 6,570 52,968 203,723 326 1,449,106 7,319 43,935 134,770

 Mississippi 105 409,839 622 6,843 65,171 132 855,559 934 7,288 55,212

 North Carolina 956 5,440,745 15,830 110,670 115,764 1,193 3,093,284 13,782 73,884 61,931

 Oklahoma 142 2,076,516 3,604 46,801 329,585 117 2,253,753 3,387 58,684 501,573

 South Carolina 272 3,608,080 6,409 67,300 247,426 293 1,342,582 4,558 42,223 144,106

 Tennessee 941 3,271,835 31,451 115,566 122,812 1,037 2,876,740 28,324 77,903 75,123

 Texas 762 7,450,907 11,475 139,630 183,241 794 6,264,949 10,608 100,155 126,140

 Virginia 382 2,053,729 10,367 56,158 147,010 484 2,270,258 9,265 42,773 88,374

 West Virginia 94 100,870 668 4,103 43,649 96 156,707 575 3,148 32,792

West: 4,207 41,584,580 70,027 1,277,168 303,582 4,120 44,589,251 59,388 914,777 222,033

 Alaska 20 (D) 134 400 20,000 30 23,886 97 473 15,767

 Arizona 139 1,967,468 4,698 68,066 489,683 141 2,733,005 3,377 35,874 254,426

 California 1,369 20,417,744 21,643 660,558 482,511 1,367 22,927,535 21,070 528,996 386,976

 Colorado 207 321,698 3,922 37,517 181,242 160 368,231 1,743 21,637 135,231

 Hawaii 284 1,221,957 456 12,395 43,644 307 1,286,653 616 13,290 43,290

 Idaho 177 105,000 2,501 15,736 88,904 126 92,680 1,846 7,783 61,770

 Montana 91 137,891 474 6,199 68,121 62 78,056 504 3,755 60,565

 Nevada 13 51,404 42 575 44,231 13 (D) 47 298 22,923

 New Mexico 90 281,484 698 7,733 85,922 87 215,312 736 4,829 55,506

 Oregon 1,232 13,427,951 29,693 380,505 308,851 1,237 13,464,330 23,712 239,315 193,464

 Utah 72 147,210 395 10,332 143,500 84 126,739 384 4,040 48,095

 Washington 489 3,504,773 5,314 76,270 155,971 488 3,249,817 5,211 54,058 110,775

 Wyoming 24 (D) 57 882 36,750 18 23,007 45 429 23,833

United States 18,860 135,803,501 349,420 3,382,161 179,330 19,930 127,742,863 331,462 2,618,311 131,375

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals.

 Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 83

Table 81--Sod harvested: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992

1997 1992

Region Area under Acreage Area under Acreage

and Farms glass in the Sales glass in the Sales

State or other open Total Per farm Farms or other open Total Per farm

protection protection

Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars

Northeast: 136 n/a 18,429 61,109 449,331 124 n/a 12,415 36,065 290,847

 Connecticut 8 n/a 1,308 3,551 443,875 9 n/a 931 2,229 247,667

 Maine 6 n/a 790 2,136 356,000 3 n/a (D) (D) (D) 

 Massachusetts 7 n/a 591 1,410 201,429 8 n/a 475 855 106,875

 New Hampshire 3 n/a (D) (D) (D) 4 n/a 276 1,035 258,750

 New Jersey 49 n/a 7,204 19,026 388,286 41 n/a 3,998 11,605 283,049

 New York 30 n/a 4,965 20,236 674,533 19 n/a 2,533 10,745 565,526

 Pennsylvania 15 n/a 980 4,308 287,200 23 n/a 2,036 4,089 177,783

 Rhode Island 18 n/a 2,591 10,442 580,111 15 n/a 2,166 5,507 367,133

 Vermont (D) n/a (D) (D) (D) 2 n/a (D) (D) (D) 

Northcentral: 517 n/a 64,523 121,806 235,602 505 n/a 54,720 90,918 180,036

 Illinois 48 n/a 11,255 23,446 488,458 46 n/a 9,320 21,286 462,739

 Indiana 30 n/a 3,469 10,536 351,200 27 n/a 3,445 6,810 252,222

 Iowa 49 n/a 4,029 6,748 137,714 35 n/a 2,399 5,033 143,800

 Kansas 28 n/a 2,475 5,054 180,500 38 n/a 3,705 5,045 132,763

 Michigan 59 n/a 8,398 18,239 309,136 66 n/a 7,072 10,607 160,712

 Minnesota 90 n/a 12,249 14,337 159,300 90 n/a 10,566 12,317 136,856

 Missouri 52 n/a 5,550 11,646 223,962 47 n/a 4,121 6,184 131,574

 Nebraska 30 n/a 2,938 4,832 161,067 26 n/a 1,523 2,647 101,808

 North Dakota 3 n/a (D) 50 16,667 4 n/a 41 91 22,750

 Ohio 59 n/a 6,878 11,435 193,814 48 n/a 4,859 7,612 158,583

 South Dakota 7 n/a 326 1,182 168,857 7 n/a 508 937 133,857

 Wisconsin 62 n/a 6,956 14,301 230,661 71 n/a 7,161 12,349 173,930

South: 858 n/a 182,089 390,824 455,506 757 n/a 124,370 206,623 272,950

 Alabama 92 n/a 17,184 37,867 411,598 82 n/a 11,967 17,835 217,500

 Arkansas 45 n/a 5,586 8,375 186,111 36 n/a 2,408 4,102 113,944

 Delaware 5 n/a (D) 806 161,200 9 n/a 621 1,177 130,778

 Florida 166 n/a 65,185 127,803 769,898 154 n/a 52,030 64,215 416,981

 Georgia 72 n/a 17,134 52,118 723,861 53 n/a 10,510 34,643 653,642

 Kentucky 42 n/a 3,286 6,536 155,619 34 n/a 1,942 3,287 96,676

 Louisiana 20 n/a 2,654 5,432 271,600 15 n/a 1,491 2,379 158,600

 Maryland 25 n/a 4,048 8,881 355,240 30 n/a 3,171 6,674 222,467

 Mississippi 54 n/a 3,871 6,755 125,093 35 n/a 1,585 2,186 62,457

 North Carolina 42 n/a 4,571 13,683 325,786 25 n/a 1,711 5,987 239,480

 Oklahoma 54 n/a 10,274 20,574 381,000 47 n/a 3,531 6,720 142,979

 South Carolina 26 n/a 8,864 19,537 751,423 28 n/a 6,056 8,718 311,357

 Tennessee 41 n/a 6,516 15,585 380,122 26 n/a 3,304 5,424 208,615

 Texas 156 n/a 27,627 51,600 330,769 156 n/a 21,515 37,757 242,032

 Virginia 18 n/a 5,289 15,272 848,444 23 n/a 2,459 5,519 239,957

 West Virginia (D) n/a (D) (D) (D) 4 n/a 69 (D) (D) 

West: 270 n/a 37,342 225,735 836,056 228 n/a 25,580 136,601 599,127

 Alaska (D) n/a (D) (D) (D) (D) n/a (D) (D) (D) 

 Arizona 7 n/a 2,023 8,422 1,203,143 7 n/a 1,621 6,505 929,286

 California 60 n/a 13,665 124,487 2,074,783 62 n/a 8,420 79,357 1,279,952

 Colorado 39 n/a 7,056 28,115 720,897 36 n/a 4,861 13,517 375,472

 Hawaii 18 n/a 74 1,452 80,667 12 n/a 69 862 71,833

 Idaho 25 n/a 2,248 8,941 357,640 13 n/a 1,185 3,411 262,385

 Montana 12 n/a 746 2,966 247,167 7 n/a 369 1,249 178,429

 Nevada 11 n/a 1,364 9,615 874,091 10 n/a 832 3,450 345,000

 New Mexico 8 n/a 1,942 6,581 822,625 9 n/a 1,278 3,909 434,333

 Oregon 10 n/a 2,353 9,339 933,900 7 n/a 1,522 3,932 561,714

 Utah 47 n/a 3,308 13,897 295,681 34 n/a 2,731 8,007 235,500

 Washington 26 n/a 2,325 11,115 427,500 24 n/a 2,457 11,912 496,333

 Wyoming 7 n/a 238 805 115,000 7 n/a 235 490 70,000

United States 1,784 n/a 302,930 800,694 448,820 1,614 n/a 218,161 471,640 292,218

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals.

 n/a = Not applicable.

 Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
84 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 82--Vegetable and flower seeds: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992

1997 1992

Region Area under Acreage Area under Acreage

and Farms glass in the Sales glass in the Sales

State or other open Total Per farm Farms or other open Total Per farm

protection protection

Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars

Northeast: 1/ 234 399,221 254 1,598 6,829 300 673,287 462 1,853 6,177

 Connecticut 9 9,600 6 (D) (D) 24 70,889 35 183 7,625

 Maine 29 (D) 35 158 5,448 46 117,162 25 292 6,348

 Massachusetts 28 (D) 16 105 3,750 34 98,780 64 267 7,853

 New Hampshire 7 (D) (D) 10 1,429 7 (D) 4 38 5,429

 New Jersey 38 117,776 50 (D) (D) 35 101,341 12 (D) (D) 

 New York 46 114,393 64 424 9,217 73 141,847 250 665 9,110

 Pennsylvania 60 123,409 83 713 11,883 54 103,648 59 290 5,370

 Rhode Island 8 12,043 (D) 71 8,875 3 (D) (D) 29 9,667

 Vermont 9 22,000 (D) 117 13,000 24 39,620 13 89 3,708

Northcentral: 1/ 254 160,444 1,016 2,485 9,783 352 353,493 1,529 2,897 8,230

 Illinois 27 12,862 55 (D) (D) 32 65,732 284 533 16,656

 Indiana 15 27,211 3 71 4,733 25 18,510 123 134 5,360

 Iowa 23 25,299 213 348 15,130 24 17,650 201 215 8,958

 Kansas 12 6,468 6 (D) (D) 9 (D) 1 39 4,333

 Michigan 43 (D) 407 1,383 32,163 59 83,754 299 840 14,237

 Minnesota 21 16,056 165 (D) (D) 38 46,030 297 379 9,974

 Missouri 22 14,319 33 91 4,136 37 28,125 42 88 2,378

 Nebraska 5 (D) (D) 45 9,000 12 (D) 141 159 13,250

 North Dakota 3 (D) 6 4 1,333 11 7,931 12 80 7,273

 Ohio 45 (D) 15 (D) (D) 65 85,761 75 396 6,092

 South Dakota 3 (D) (D) (D) (D) 5 (D) (D) 34 6,800

 Wisconsin 35 58,229 113 543 15,514 35 (D) 54 (D) (D) 

South: 1/ 302 697,858 1,725 6,808 22,543 461 1,109,520 1,937 3,430 7,440

 Alabama 14 (D) (D) 65 4,643 24 43,111 14 126 5,250

 Arkansas 13 16,312 20 168 12,923 13 (D) 25 64 4,923

 Delaware (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 4 (D) 7 13 3,250

 Florida 35 353,837 1,338 4,275 122,143 22 689,108 114 1,781 80,955

 Georgia 18 (D) 92 (D) (D) 25 (D) 14 (D) (D) 

 Kentucky 25 (D) 37 139 5,560 39 31,923 47 (D) (D) 

 Louisiana 9 28,000 6 56 6,222 15 9,502 6 31 2,067

 Maryland 17 (D) 11 (D) (D) 28 26,983 19 92 3,286

 Mississippi 8 34,400 (D) 129 16,125 27 28,168 19 65 2,407

 North Carolina 29 36,727 125 137 4,724 45 44,044 146 251 5,578

 Oklahoma 19 32,184 50 (D) (D) 27 45,450 15 (D) (D) 

 South Carolina 19 28,900 (D) (D) (D) 18 25,002 (D) 68 3,778

 Tennessee 27 30,150 28 (D) (D) 36 26,716 20 101 2,806

 Texas 45 123,748 (D) 1,793 39,844 89 82,898 1,423 748 8,404

 Virginia 16 (D) 18 46 2,875 34 56,615 65 90 2,647

 West Virginia 8 13,600 (D) (D) (D) 15 (D) 3 (D) (D) 

West: 1/ 991 539,624 68,284 99,280 100,182 1,194 1,064,484 74,337 97,745 81,863

 Alaska (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 4 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

 Arizona 19 N.A. 844 3,344 176,000 31 1,424 1,527 3,094 99,806

 California 224 437,825 21,539 44,677 199,451 244 787,257 26,533 49,686 203,631

 Colorado 28 20,889 2,886 1,812 64,714 46 (D) 3,430 2,047 44,500

 Hawaii 14 (D) (D) (D) (D) 8 (D) 1 (D) (D) 

 Idaho 214 63,660 16,354 13,445 62,827 307 32,420 15,200 12,053 39,261

 Montana 14 14,150 6 149 10,643 6 (D) 1 (D) (D) 

 Nevada (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 6 (D) 107 195 32,500

 New Mexico 11 (D) (D) 261 23,727 27 (D) 139 183 6,778

 Oregon 247 (D) 11,515 18,228 73,798 253 124,226 9,356 14,781 58,423

 Utah 9 3,100 (D) 34 3,778 6 2,610 12 49 8,167

 Washington 207 (D) 15,140 17,330 83,720 254 116,547 18,031 15,657 61,642

 Wyoming 4 (D) (D) (D) (D) 2 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

United States 1,785 3,004,025 74,526 124,009 69,473 2,307 3,552,729 78,296 107,171 46,455

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals.

 N.A. = Not available.

 1/ Region totals include only published data.

 Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 85

Table 83--Greenhouse vegetables: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992

1997 1992

Region Area under Acreage Area under Acreage

and Farms glass in the Sales glass in the Sales

State or other open Total Per farm Farms or other open Total Per farm

protection protection

Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars

Northeast: 1/ 707 4,053,715 n/a 22,846 32,314 518 3,263,903 n/a 13,762 26,568

 Connecticut 64 321,425 n/a 1,215 18,984 47 163,848 n/a 356 7,574

 Maine 65 147,481 n/a 515 7,923 52 107,271 n/a 326 6,269

 Massachusetts 97 733,343 n/a 3,434 35,402 68 418,040 n/a 1,759 25,868

 New Hampshire 62 173,007 n/a 436 7,032 60 142,678 n/a 379 6,317

 New Jersey 45 289,976 n/a 1,576 35,022 41 232,635 n/a 676 16,488

 New York 120 612,688 n/a 3,488 29,067 86 478,979 n/a 1,566 18,209

 Pennsylvania 189 1,404,526 n/a 9,996 52,889 118 1,582,885 n/a 8,015 67,924

 Rhode Island 16 147,823 n/a 166 10,375 10 28,821 n/a 67 6,700

 Vermont 49 223,446 n/a 2,020 41,224 36 108,746 n/a 618 17,167

Northcentral: 1/ 519 5,309,599 n/a 19,817 38,183 409 5,162,415 n/a 13,062 31,936

 Illinois 44 460,758 n/a 2,194 49,864 16 662,756 n/a 1,782 111,375

 Indiana 57 572,600 n/a 1,211 21,246 36 363,263 n/a 787 21,861

 Iowa 33 256,176 n/a 1,429 43,303 32 131,180 n/a 392 12,250

 Kansas 27 186,044 n/a 840 31,111 20 95,578 n/a 279 13,950

 Michigan 64 431,529 n/a 1,597 24,953 54 454,189 n/a 1,030 19,074

 Minnesota 52 578,404 n/a 4,316 83,000 51 249,700 n/a 1,071 21,000

 Missouri 45 237,250 n/a 688 15,289 27 93,966 n/a 263 9,741

 Nebraska 22 148,438 n/a 840 38,182 20 139,107 n/a 533 26,650

 North Dakota 20 131,828 n/a 169 8,450 4 (D) n/a 61 15,250

 Ohio 93 1,883,145 n/a 4,558 49,011 101 2,707,284 n/a 5,647 55,911

 South Dakota 4 (D) n/a 25 6,250 4 8,200 n/a (D) (D) 

 Wisconsin 58 423,427 n/a 1,950 33,621 44 257,192 n/a 1,217 27,659

South: 1/ 679 8,684,248 n/a 33,027 48,641 565 6,997,306 n/a 20,745 36,717

 Alabama 13 32,939 n/a 96 7,385 16 63,627 n/a 85 5,313

 Arkansas 15 38,668 n/a (D) (D) 22 167,819 n/a 403 18,318

 Delaware 3 12,400 n/a (D) (D) 4 (D) n/a (D) (D) 

 Florida 78 3,861,344 n/a 15,682 201,051 107 3,630,669 n/a 13,267 123,991

 Georgia 12 61,286 n/a (D) (D) 19 46,416 n/a 82 4,316

 Kentucky 59 494,718 n/a 1,169 19,814 38 337,072 n/a 840 22,105

 Louisiana 27 138,296 n/a 564 20,889 19 102,160 n/a 238 12,526

 Maryland 45 286,096 n/a 1,661 36,911 26 286,079 n/a 903 34,731

 Mississippi 43 331,883 n/a 802 18,651 27 253,749 n/a 619 22,926

 North Carolina 103 613,826 n/a 2,154 20,913 77 524,650 n/a (D) (D) 

 Oklahoma 37 204,261 n/a 458 12,378 23 86,597 n/a 407 17,696

 South Carolina 16 70,956 n/a 133 8,313 7 31,194 n/a 122 17,429

 Tennessee 68 472,017 n/a 1,013 14,897 64 282,680 n/a 782 12,219

 Texas 104 1,793,264 n/a 7,667 73,721 80 1,047,910 n/a 2,446 30,575

 Virginia 38 172,666 n/a 1,283 33,763 28 116,876 n/a 516 18,429

 West Virginia 18 99,628 n/a 345 19,167 8 19,808 n/a 35 4,375

West: 1/ 606 19,132,856 n/a 112,582 185,779 375 12,478,624 n/a 41,337 110,232

 Alaska 30 152,760 n/a 989 32,967 22 83,939 n/a 419 19,045

 Arizona 20 2,150,296 n/a (D) (D) 15 (D) n/a (D) (D) 

 California 198 11,526,335 n/a 64,910 327,828 140 9,320,085 n/a 31,586 225,614

 Colorado 49 3,559,804 n/a 37,493 765,163 27 2,214,146 n/a 7,095 262,778

 Hawaii 48 507,947 n/a 2,112 44,000 32 242,227 n/a 614 19,188

 Idaho 32 289,567 n/a 1,123 35,094 13 149,726 n/a 518 39,846

 Montana 30 102,826 n/a 500 16,667 15 74,796 n/a 258 17,200

 Nevada 1 (D) n/a (D) (D) 1 (D) n/a (D) (D) 

 New Mexico 18 (D) n/a (D) (D) 12 17,060 n/a 26 2,167

 Oregon 80 381,618 n/a 1,110 13,875 49 220,612 n/a 403 8,224

 Utah 9 88,450 n/a 821 91,222 7 (D) n/a 102 14,571

 Washington 85 354,553 n/a 3,486 41,012 35 115,153 n/a 316 9,029

 Wyoming 6 18,700 n/a 38 6,333 7 40,880 n/a (D) (D) 

United States 2,511 38,605,409 n/a 217,317 86,546 1,865 28,486,757 n/a 91,089 48,841

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals.

 n/a = Not applicable.

 1/ Region totals include only published data.

 Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
86 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 84--Mushrooms: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992

1997 1992

Region Area under Acreage Area under Acreage

and Farms glass in the Sales glass in the Sales

State or other open Total Per farm Farms or other open Total Per farm

protection protection

Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars

Northeast: 1/ 152 24,371,697 n/a 308,331 2,028,493 166 30,886,852 n/a 314,713 1,895,861

 Connecticut 3 (D) n/a (D) (D) N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Maine 6 7,560 n/a 80 13,333 3 (D) n/a (D) (D)

 Massachusetts 3 (D) n/a (D) (D) N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 New Hampshire N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 New Jersey N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 New York 7 299,208 n/a 2,266 323,714 8 (D) n/a (D) (D)

 Pennsylvania 133 24,064,929 n/a 305,985 2,300,639 155 30,886,852 n/a 314,713 2,030,406

 Rhode Island N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Vermont N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

Northcentral: 1/ 69 8,337,971 n/a 52,511 761,029 61 1,571,284 n/a 19,022 311,836

 Illinois 13 8,009,794 n/a 50,213 3,862,538 7 (D) n/a (D) (D)

 Indiana 6 (D) n/a (D) (D) N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Iowa 3 (D) n/a (D) (D) 3 (D) n/a (D) (D)

 Kansas N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Michigan 3 (D) n/a (D) (D) 4 (D) n/a (D) (D)

 Minnesota 5 (D) n/a (D) (D) 3 (D) n/a (D) (D)

 Missouri 5 (D) n/a 63 12,600 11 30,076 n/a 375 34,091

 Nebraska N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 North Dakota N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Ohio 11 (D) n/a (D) (D) 12 1,346,222 n/a 16,944 1,412,000

 South Dakota N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Wisconsin 23 328,177 n/a 2,235 97,174 21 194,986 n/a 1,703 81,095

South: 1/ 92 1,819,270 n/a 47,045 511,359 56 2,019,440 n/a 40,289 719,446

 Alabama 8 (D) n/a 148 18,500 N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Arkansas 8 46,299 n/a 214 26,750 5 16,500 n/a (D) (D)

 Delaware 5 293,300 n/a 1,754 350,800 6 446,000 n/a 4,370 728,333

 Florida 15 (D) n/a (D) (D) 8 (D) n/a (D) (D)

 Georgia N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Kentucky 4 (D) n/a (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Louisiana 3 5,422 n/a 39 13,000 N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Maryland 3 196,827 n/a 2,118 706,000 6 179,400 n/a 1,434 239,000

 Mississippi N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 North Carolina 9 8,085 n/a 60 6,667 N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Oklahoma 5 (D) n/a (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 South Carolina 6 (D) n/a (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Tennessee 3 (D) n/a (D) N.A. 3 (D) n/a (D) N.A.

 Texas 6 1,269,337 n/a 42,646 7,107,667 10 1,365,607 n/a 34,375 3,437,500

 Virginia 10 (D) n/a 25 2,500 11 8,140 n/a 93 8,455

 West Virginia 7 (D) n/a 41 5,857 7 3,793 n/a 17 2,429

West: 1/ 157 14,297,786 n/a 241,156 1,536,025 114 11,487,356 n/a 188,530 1,653,772

 Alaska N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Arizona N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 California 81 10,052,017 n/a 206,753 2,552,506 55 9,319,310 n/a 161,181 2,930,564

 Colorado 4 (D) n/a (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Hawaii N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Idaho 3 (D) n/a (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Montana N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Nevada N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 New Mexico N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Oregon 56 4,245,769 n/a 34,403 614,339 49 1,218,786 n/a 27,349 558,143

 Utah N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

 Washington 13 (D) n/a (D) (D) 10 949,260 n/a (D) (D)

 Wyoming N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A.

United States 487 60,837,916 n/a 858,851 1,763,554 420 63,631,031 n/a 769,654 1,832,510

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals. N.A. = Not available. n/a = Not applicable.

 1/ Region totals include only published data.

 Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 87

Table 85--Cut Christmas trees harvested: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992

1997 1992

Region Area under Acreage Area under Acreage

and Farms glass in the Sales glass in the Sales

State or other open Total Per farm Farms or other open Total Per farm

protection protection

Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars

Northeast: 1/ 5,192 n/a 18,367 76,892 14,810 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Connecticut 443 n/a 217 3,554 8,023 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Maine 208 n/a 167 2,888 13,885 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Massachusetts 380 n/a 142 2,239 5,892 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 New Hampshire 222 n/a 107 1,564 7,045 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 New Jersey 1,099 n/a 4,678 14,227 12,945 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 New York 1,060 n/a 1,838 12,491 11,784 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Pennsylvania 1,458 n/a 10,927 35,439 24,307 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Rhode Island 72 n/a 107 1,708 23,722 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Vermont 250 n/a 184 2,782 11,128 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

Northcentral: 1/ 4,823 n/a 49,221 110,477 22,906 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Illinois 521 n/a 2,714 9,103 17,472 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Indiana 371 n/a 2,406 6,059 16,332 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Iowa 290 n/a 1,112 2,655 9,155 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Kansas 155 n/a 1,049 1,660 10,710 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Michigan 1,204 n/a 17,222 33,350 27,699 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Minnesota 330 n/a 4,260 11,029 33,421 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Missouri 259 n/a 1,713 1,637 6,320 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Nebraska 98 n/a 532 825 8,418 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 North Dakota 26 n/a 184 461 17,731 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Ohio 815 n/a 4,535 18,342 22,506 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 South Dakota 15 n/a 129 147 9,800 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Wisconsin 739 n/a 13,365 25,209 34,112 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

South: 1/ 4,138 n/a 32,520 86,017 20,787 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Alabama 108 n/a 602 1,364 12,630 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Arkansas 73 n/a 428 370 5,068 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Delaware 65 n/a 249 912 14,031 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Florida 115 n/a 599 2,529 21,991 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Georgia 230 n/a 900 2,806 12,200 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Kentucky 155 n/a 619 708 4,568 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Louisiana 96 n/a 692 895 9,323 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Maryland 292 n/a 1,419 2,485 8,510 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Mississippi 106 n/a 1,122 767 7,236 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 North Carolina 1,257 n/a 15,697 49,422 39,317 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Oklahoma 88 n/a 440 1,036 11,773 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 South Carolina 153 n/a 825 1,682 10,993 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Tennessee 246 n/a 1,740 1,795 7,297 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Texas 287 n/a 2,266 3,630 12,648 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Virginia 628 n/a 4,143 13,394 21,328 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 West Virginia 239 n/a 779 2,222 9,297 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

West: 1/ 3,081 n/a 34,902 168,146 54,575 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Alaska N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Arizona 23 n/a 72 194 8,435 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 California 564 n/a 6,872 24,166 42,848 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Colorado 55 n/a 456 2,481 45,109 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Hawaii 6 n/a 17 (D) (D) N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Idaho 94 n/a 1,020 1,750 18,617 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Montana 74 n/a 1,037 1,390 18,784 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Nevada N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 New Mexico 15 n/a (D) 129 8,600 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Oregon 1,626 n/a 18,628 111,999 68,880 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Utah 44 n/a 130 440 10,000 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Washington 578 n/a 6,670 25,597 44,285 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Wyoming 2 n/a (D) (D) (D) N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

United States 17,234 n/a 136,099 441,604 25,624 N.A. n/a N.A. N.A. N.A.

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals. N.A. = Not available. n/a = Not applicable.

 1/ Region totals include only published data.

 Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
88 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 86--Other greenhouse and nursery products: Farms, acreage, and sales, by region and State, 1997 and 1992

1997 1992

Region Area under Acreage Area under Acreage

and Farms glass in the Sales glass in the Sales

State or other open Total Per farm Farms or other open Total Per farm

protection protection

Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars Number Square feet Acres $1,000 Dollars

Northeast: 1/ 4,588 1,245,271 82,378 18,953 4,131 199 217,277 202 2,118 10,643

 Connecticut 516 12,998 4,684 172 333 23 16,830 (D) 177 7,696

 Maine 334 48,093 5,037 1,288 3,856 9 (D) (D) 118 13,111

 Massachusetts 493 65,450 3,233 2,346 4,759 24 (D) 6 285 11,875

 New Hampshire 282 5,520 2,577 199 706 5 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

 New Jersey 542 (D) 3,974 1,271 2,345 37 69,602 79 454 12,270

 New York 1,195 783,446 26,529 8,075 6,757 46 56,997 33 550 11,957

 Pennsylvania 779 325,303 30,305 5,517 7,082 40 63,940 78 472 11,800

 Rhode Island 92 (D) 798 (D) (D) 4 (D) (D) 14 3,500

 Vermont 355 4,461 5,241 85 239 11 9,908 6 48 4,364

Northcentral: 1/ 3,565 1,798,590 107,496 24,415 6,849 177 526,524 213 2,079 11,746

 Illinois 297 111,502 4,963 (D) (D) 24 58,448 (D) 346 14,417

 Indiana 211 146,732 4,438 1,703 8,071 7 (D) (D) 44 6,286

 Iowa 179 56,740 1,971 1,260 7,039 10 19,310 (D) 225 22,500

 Kansas 86 22,103 560 948 11,023 4 (D) (D) 36 9,000

 Michigan 1,149 405,661 46,403 6,572 5,720 31 69,478 118 (D) (D) 

 Minnesota 251 296,391 9,792 4,084 16,271 20 (D) 18 (D) (D) 

 Missouri 189 80,750 2,292 868 4,593 16 31,808 21 289 18,063

 Nebraska 47 (D) 391 245 5,213 5 (D) 15 80 16,000

 North Dakota 15 39,920 138 119 7,933 5 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

 Ohio 549 504,039 8,491 5,867 10,687 31 147,200 41 595 19,194

 South Dakota 17 (D) 113 77 4,529 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Wisconsin 575 134,752 27,944 2,672 4,647 24 200,280 (D) 464 19,333

South: 1/ 3,190 7,277,286 35,382 60,153 18,857 550 1,661,522 1,059 20,130 36,600

 Alabama 70 89,264 560 564 8,057 20 211,931 26 944 47,200

 Arkansas 30 (D) 383 1,405 46,833 12 (D) (D) 73 6,083

 Delaware 38 N.A. 465 143 3,763 4 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

 Florida 352 688,350 2,877 14,277 40,560 153 528,895 442 13,460 87,974

 Georgia 196 204,994 1,908 2,586 13,194 22 51,195 50 603 27,409

 Kentucky 302 1,771,205 961 5,383 17,825 74 171,444 (D) 621 8,392

 Louisiana 53 250,192 525 1,488 28,075 12 (D) 13 65 5,417

 Maryland 195 145,440 2,702 3,585 18,385 12 23,232 17 (D) (D) 

 Mississippi 46 119,956 474 1,217 26,457 13 (D) 15 167 12,846

 North Carolina 644 1,702,508 10,106 6,691 10,390 85 425,746 134 1,562 18,376

 Oklahoma 73 145,324 469 1,400 19,178 18 40,220 23 129 7,167

 South Carolina 95 337,799 699 8,227 86,600 5 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

 Tennessee 146 475,134 985 2,114 14,479 42 77,160 69 402 9,571

 Texas 242 799,069 2,276 8,067 33,335 66 119,963 270 1,992 30,182

 Virginia 471 454,672 6,028 2,338 4,964 8 11,736 (D) 88 11,000

 West Virginia 237 93,379 3,964 668 2,819 4 (D) (D) 24 6,000

West: 1/ 2,141 3,014,440 65,132 50,847 23,749 205 238,792 226 5,503 26,844

 Alaska 3 8,200 N.A. 31 10,333 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Arizona 41 307,950 (D) 7,163 174,707 15 (D) (D) 121 8,067

 California 383 1,374,551 8,363 18,108 47,279 83 (D) 131 4,025 48,494

 Colorado 84 760,265 2,339 13,106 156,024 13 119,864 (D) 438 33,692

 Hawaii 40 109,450 (D) 1,254 31,350 8 (D) (D) 271 33,875

 Idaho 109 121,380 (D) 1,631 14,963 14 (D) 43 123 8,786

 Montana 68 18,200 2,750 143 2,103 6 (D) (D) 31 5,167

 Nevada 4 (D) (D) 7 1,750 3 (D) (D) (D) (D) 

 New Mexico 30 9,538 176 216 7,200 13 (D) 15 145 11,154

 Oregon 938 247,381 39,882 8,404 8,959 36 99,740 23 349 9,694

 Utah 31 (D) 167 784 25,290 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

 Washington 404 57,525 11,455 (D) (D) 14 19,188 14 (D) (D) 

 Wyoming 6 (D) (D) (D) (D) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 

United States 13,481 13,482,977 292,156 163,218 12,107 1,134 3,664,468 2,126 41,782 36,845

 (D) = Data are not published to avoid disclosure, but are included in U.S. totals. N.A. = Not available. 

 1/ Region totals include only published data.

 Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service and Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 89

Table 87--Cut flowers: Value of U.S. imports, by country, 1994-98 1/

Country

 Country of destination code 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 dollars

North America:

 Canada 122 4,886 7,455 10,012 14,871 15,554

 Mexico 201 13,280 23,191 19,522 23,649 25,186

 Subtotal 18,166 30,646 29,534 38,520 40,740

Caribbean:

 Bermuda 232

 Bahamas 236

 Jamaica 241 130 169 153 82 6

 Turks and Caicos Islands 243

 Cayman Islands 244

 Haiti 245 3

 Dominican Republic 247 1,510 1,172 1,480 1,390 1,198

 Leeward-Windward Islands 248 11 0496

 Barbados 272

 Trinidad and Tobago 274 367 490 419 320 157

 Netherlands Antilles 277 30 0 0

 French West Indies 283

 Subtotal 2,048 1,831 2,056 1,804 1,367

Central America:

 Guatemala 205 6,582 7,376 7,564 7,998 7,397

 Belize 208

 El Salvador 211 44072

 Honduras 215 2

 Nicaragua 219

 Costa Rica 223 15,043 14,979 16,311 17,974 18,993

 Panama 225 12 0 17 2 148

 Subtotal 21,641 22,359 23,892 25,983 26,540

South America:

 Colombia 301 270,184 321,273 366,395 359,620 360,626

 Venezuela 307 204 60 79 292 703

 Guyana 312

 Surinam 315

 Ecuador 331 26,072 50,498 68,210 83,497 90,119

 Peru 333 538 582 1,295 1,617 1,019

 Bolivia 335 918 442 561 517 440

 Chile 337 1,239 1,059 1,009 1,402 2,321

 Brazil 351 0 170 89 95 101

 Paraguay 353

 Uruguay 355

 Argentina 357 0 5 2 12 10

 Falkland Islands (Isls Malvns) 372

 Subtotal 299,155 374,089 437,640 447,052 455,339

European Union:

 Denmark 409 23

 United Kingdom 412 345 292 405 484 393

 Ireland 419 289 138 155 271 355

 Netherlands 421 53,313 61,162 59,005 61,774 69,200

 Belgium-Luxembourg 423 0 5 0 38 138

 France 427 1,938 2,370 2,079 1,980 1,966

 Germany 428 14 48 26 8 84

 Spain 469 221 354 279 153 339

 Portugal 471 3 2 2

 Italy 475 763 1,058 788 825 1,431

 Greece 484

 Subtotal 56,886 65,429 62,739 65,533 73,929

See footnotes at end of table.
90 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 87--Cut flowers: Value of U.S. imports, by country, 1994-98 1/ --Continued 

Country

 Country of destination code 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 dollars

Other western Europe:

 Iceland 400

 Sweden 401

 Norway 403

 Finland 405

 Austria 433

 Switzerland 441 3 0 1

 Malta-Gozo 473

 Subtotal 30100

East Europe and Former Soviet Union:

 Former Czechoslovakia 435

 Hungary 437 0 147 74 44

 Poland 455 0 7 3

 Former Soviet Union 462 0 2 0 3

 Former Yugoslavia 479 2

 Albania 481

 Romania 485

 Bulgaria 487

 Subtotal 0 156 77 44 5

Middle East:

 Turkey 489 2 20 35 178 109

 Iraq 505

 Iran 507

 Israel, inc Gaza 508 1,087 3,029 3,350 3,832 4,468

 Saudi Arabia 517 0027

 Yemen (Sana) 521

 Subtotal 1,089 3,049 3,387 4,017 4,577

North Africa:

 Morocco 714 232 203 269 508 534

 Algeria 721

 Tunisia 723

 Egypt 729 0 18 1 10 33

 Subtotal 232 221 270 518 567

Other Africa:

 Sudan 732 38

 Canary Islands 733

 Western Sahara 737

 Mauritania 741

 Senegal 744

 Mali 745 5 0 9

 Guinea 746

 Ivory Coast 748 0 0 2

 Niger 751 5 1

 Central African Empire 754

 Gabon 755

 St. Helena (British West Africa) 758

 Western African, NEC 764 6 13

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 91

Table 87--Cut flowers: Value of U.S. imports, by country, 1994-98 1/ --Continued 

Country

 Country of destination code 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 dollars

Other Africa:

 Liberia 765

 Zaire 766

 Ethiopia 774

 Kenya 779 33 18 5 2 3

 Seychelles 780

 British Indian Ocean 781

 Mauritius 785 101 78 124 201 118

 Mozambique 787

 Madagascar 788

 Comoros 789

 French Indian Ocean Areas 790

 Republic of South Africa 791 391 607 736 1,269 1,545

 Namibia 792 0 0 2

 Botswana 793

 Swaziland 795

 Zimbabwe 796 292 400 438 486 459

 Subtotal 822 1,103 1,316 2,007 2,139

South Asia:

 Afghanistan

 India 533 0 3,749 2,927 1,140 848

 Pakistan 535 43 12 72 45

 Nepal 536

 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 542 0 0 4 87

 Subtotal 0 3,792 2,943 1,299 893

Other Asia:

 Thailand 549 4,163 4,606 4,189 3,766 2,921

 Laos 553

 Malaysia 557 0 1 0 2

 Singapore 559 80 132 66 54

 Indonesia 560 3 105 0 4

 Brunei 561 0 61 43

 Philippines 565 28

 Macao 566

 China 570 8 302 685 377 683

 Mongolia 574

 Korea, Republic of 580 7 3 5 10

 Hong Kong 582 0 13 24 5 12

 Taiwan 583 0 12 6 29 121

 Japan 588 0 26 45 20 19

 Subtotal 4,261 5,261 5,063 4,225 3,826

Australia and Oceania:

 Australia 602 2,399 2,405 2,295 2,372 2,356

 Papua New Guinea 604

 New Zealand 614 928 1,181 1,339 1,668 2,078

 Western Samoa 615

 British Pacific Islands 622

 French Pacific Islands 641 2 0 0

 Other Pacific NEC 686 3 6

 Subtotal 3,329 3,586 3,634 4,043 4,440

Total World 407,632 511,522 572,552 595,045 614,362

1/ Aggregate values for all cut flower products including fresh, dried, dyed, and preserved. Excludes cut decorative greens.

Source: Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States, FATUS, Economic Research Service, USDA.
92 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 88--Nursery stock: Value of U.S. imports, by country, 1994-98 1/

Country

 Country of destination code 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 dollars

North America:

 Canada 122 103,933 123,502 145,693 174,075 213,776

 Mexico 201 7,822 7,991 9,636 11,171 12,744

 Subtotal 111,755 131,493 155,329 185,246 226,520

Caribbean:

 Bermuda 232

 Bahamas 236

 Jamaica 241 274 242 149 24 18

 Turks and Caicos Islands 243

 Cayman Islands 244

 Haiti 245 95 540 182 583 543

 Dominican Republic 247 930 1,020 1,050 820 989

 Leeward-Windward Islands 248 15 4 6

 Barbados 272

 Trinidad and Tobago 274 2

 Netherlands Antilles 277

 French West Indies 283

 Subtotal 1,314 1,806 1,383 1,427 1,556

Central America:

 Guatemala 205 3,276 4,128 6,201 6,525 8,307

 Belize 208 63876

 El Salvador 211 447 509 771 810 695

 Honduras 215 1,528 1,165 1,132 747 723

 Nicaragua 219 168 360 159 10

 Costa Rica 223 11,685 12,307 12,826 13,296 14,859

 Panama 225 163 4 31

 Subtotal 17,105 18,280 21,298 21,548 24,631

South America:

 Colombia 301 341 562 1,184 1,261 1,963

 Venezuela 307 41 7 100 26

 Guyana 312

 Surinam 315 4 28 13 11

 Ecuador 331 18 5 40 23 35

 Peru 333 9 41 27 6 26

 Bolivia 335 137 124 135 159

 Chile 337 75 393 333 482 1,136

 Brazil 351 255 405 453 419 454

 Paraguay 353

 Uruguay 355

 Argentina 357 40 24 21 15

 Falkland Islands (Isls Malvns) 372

 Subtotal 779 1,571 2,217 2,439 3,825

European Union:

 Denmark 409 238 582 439 256 352

 United Kingdom 412 4,064 4,793 4,428 5,222 5,569

 Ireland 419 23 27 45 77 158

 Netherlands 421 128,846 148,781 153,946 148,278 157,562

 Belgium-Luxembourg 423 1,465 1,348 1,501 2,175 1,871

 France 427 994 1,741 1,286 2,013 1,794

 Germany 428 373 517 548 691 719

 Spain 469 1,013 1,694 915 763 1,011

 Portugal 471 4 51 97 190 282

 Italy 475 1,591 3,377 3,797 4,942 5,631

 Greece 484 81

 Subtotal 138,692 162,911 167,002 164,607 174,949

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 93

Table 88--Nursery stock: Value of U.S. imports, by country, 1994-98 1/ -- Continued

Country

 Country of destination code 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 dollars

Other western Europe:

 Iceland 400 2 2

 Sweden 401 5 116

 Norway 403 88 298 91 165 131

 Finland 405 15

 Austria 433 11 2 6

 Hungary 437 6

 Switzerland 441 3 5

 Malta-Gozo 473

 Subtotal 103 319 207 167 150

East Europe and Former Soviet Union:

 Former Czechoslovakia 435 5

 Hungary 437 145 6

 Poland 455 114 55 65 46 117

 Former Soviet Union 462 24 2

 Former Yugoslavia 479 4

 Albania 481

 Romania 485

 Bulgaria 487 2 44 9 11 4

 Subtotal 261 123 83 59 127

Middle East:

 Turkey 489 68 107 102 75 88

 Syria 502 180

 Iraq 505

 Iran 507

 Israel, inc Gaza 508 6,677 6,369 7,531 7,874 7,903

 Saudi Arabia 517 4

 Yemen (Sana) 521

 Subtotal 6,745 6,476 7,633 8,133 7,991

North Africa:

 Morocco 714 63 24 22

 Algeria 721

 Tunisia 723 7

 Egypt 729 87 5 84 79 49

 Subtotal 157 5 108 79 71

Other Africa:

 Sudan 732

 Canary Islands 733

 Western Sahara 737

 Mauritania 741

 Senegal 744 7 2 11

 Mali 745 1

 Guinea 746 1

 Ivory Coast 748 17

 Niger 751 118

 Central African Empire 754

 Gabon 755

 St. Helena (British West Africa) 758

 Western African, NEC 764 6 4

See footnotes at end of table.
94 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 88--Nursery stock: Value of U.S. imports, by country, 1994-98 1/ -- Continued

Country

 Country of destination code 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 dollars

Other Africa:

 Liberia 765

 Zaire 766 29 9 19 16

 Ethiopia 774

 Kenya 779 52 87 113 74 202

 Seychelles 780

 British Indian Ocean 781

 Mauritius 785 6 4 8

 Mozambique 787

 Madagascar 788 504 1,901 2,356 1,629 1,288

 Comoros 789

 French Indian Ocean Areas 790 1

 Republic of South Africa 791 1,250 2,116 2,047 2,148 2,381

 Namibia 792 50 16

 Botswana 793

 Swaziland 795 2

 Zimbabwe 796 8 202

 Subtotal 1,842 4,290 4,552 3,870 4,131

South Asia:

 Afghanistan 531 2

 India 533 2,410 3,540 3,007 4,343 5,050

 Pakistan 535 231 8 7

 Nepal 536

 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 542 1 33 26 37 7

 Myanmar (Burma) 10

 Subtotal 2,642 3,581 3,033 4,380 5,064

Other Asia:

 Thailand 549 2,513 3,398 1,619 1,788 1,359

 Vietnam 552 4 6

 Laos 553

 Malaysia 557 629 458 739 515 403

 Singapore 559 110 154 211 272 220

 Indonesia 560 64 146 126 80 222

 Brunei 561

 Philippines 565 271 1,888 1,695 1,729 1,850

 Macao 566

 China 570 1,967 4,031 5,882 4,249 2,919

 Mongolia 574

 Korea, Republic of 580 828 929 898 686 869

 Hong Kong 582 101 132 205 79 119

 Taiwan 583 1,669 2,167 2,560 4,384 6,424

 Japan 588 1,158 1,073 1,229 1,412 1,234

 Subtotal 9,310 14,376 15,164 15,198 15,625

Australia and Oceania:

 Australia 602 907 1,045 561 591 423

 Papua New Guinea 604

 New Zealand 614 928 1,028 819 995 1,037

 Western Samoa 615

 British Pacific Islands 622

 French Pacific Islands 641

 Other Pacific NEC 686 9 2

 Subtotal 1,835 2,073 1,380 1,595 1,462

Total World 292,540 347,304 379,389 408,748 466,102

 1/ Aggregate values for all greenhouse and nursery-type products except cut flowers. Includes cut decorative greens, live plants, bulbs, other greenhouse 

and nursery products, and cut Christmas trees.

Source: Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States, FATUS, Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 95

Table 89--Greenhouse and nursery products: Value of U.S. imports, by country, 1994-98 1/ 

Country

 Country of destination code 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 dollars

North America:

 Canada 122 108,819 130,957 155,705 188,946 229,330

 Mexico 201 21,102 31,182 29,158 34,820 37,930

 Subtotal 129,921 162,139 184,863 223,766 267,260

Caribbean:

 Bermuda 232 00000

 Bahamas 236 00000

 Jamaica 241 404 411 302 106 24

 Turks and Caicos Islands 243 00000

 Cayman Islands 244 00000

 Haiti 245 95 540 182 586 543

 Dominican Republic 247 2,440 2,192 2,530 2,210 2,187

 Leeward-Windward Islands 248 26 4 4 9 12

 Barbados 272 00000

 Trinidad and Tobago 274 367 490 421 320 157

 Netherlands Antilles 277 30 0000

 French West Indies 283 00000

 Subtotal 3,362 3,637 3,439 3,231 2,923

Central America:

 Guatemala 205 9,858 11,504 13,765 14,523 15,704

 Belize 208 63876

 El Salvador 211 451 513 771 817 697

 Honduras 215 1,528 1,165 1,132 749 723

 Nicaragua 219 0 168 360 159 10

 Costa Rica 223 26,728 27,286 29,137 31,270 33,852

 Panama 225 175 0 17 6 179

 Subtotal 38,746 40,639 45,190 47,531 51,171

South America:

 Colombia 301 270,525 321,835 367,579 360,881 362,589

 Venezuela 307 245 60 86 392 729

 Guyana 312 00000

 Surinam 315 0 4 28 13 11

 Ecuador 331 26,090 50,503 68,250 83,520 90,154

 Peru 333 547 623 1,322 1,623 1,045

 Bolivia 335 918 579 685 652 599

 Chile 337 1,314 1,452 1,342 1,884 3,457

 Brazil 351 255 575 542 514 555

 Paraguay 353 00000

 Uruguay 355 00000

 Argentina 357 40 29 23 12 25

 Falkland Islands (Isls Malvns) 372 00000

 Subtotal 299,934 375,660 439,857 449,491 459,164

European Union:

 Denmark 409 238 582 439 256 375

 United Kingdom 412 4,409 5,085 4,833 5,706 5,962

 Ireland 419 312 165 200 348 513

 Netherlands 421 182,159 209,943 212,951 210,052 226,762

 Belgium-Luxembourg 423 1,465 1,353 1,501 2,213 2,009

 France 427 2,932 4,111 3,365 3,993 3,760

 Germany 428 387 565 574 699 803

 Spain 469 1,234 2,048 1,194 916 1,350

 Portugal 471 7 53 99 190 282

 Italy 475 2,354 4,435 4,585 5,767 7,062

 Greece 484 81 0000

 Subtotal 195,578 228,340 229,741 230,140 248,878

See footnotes at end of table.
96 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 89--Greenhouse and nursery products: Value of U.S. imports, by country, 1994-98 1/ --Continued 

Country

 Country of destination code 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 dollars

Other western Europe:

 Iceland 400 0 5 116 0 0

 Sweden 401 88 298 91 165 131

 Norway 403 15 0000

 Finland 405 0 11 0 2 6

 Austria 433 00006

 Switzerland 441 33105

 Malta-Gozo 473 00000

 Subtotal 106 319 208 167 150

East Europe and Former Soviet Union:

 Former Czechoslovakia 435 00500

 Hungary 437 145 147 74 44 6

 Poland 455 114 62 68 46 117

 Former Soviet Union 462 0 26 0 2 3

 Former Yugoslavia 479 00402

 Albania 481 00000

 Romania 485 00000

 Bulgaria 487 2 44 9 11 4

 Subtotal 261 279 160 103 132

Middle East:

 Turkey 489 68 107 102 75 88

 Syria 502 2 20 35 358 109

 Iraq 505 00000

 Iran 507 00000

 Israel, inc Gaza 508 7,764 9,398 10,881 11,706 12,371

 Saudi Arabia 517 0 0 2 11 0

 Yemen (Sana) 521 00000

 Subtotal 7,834 9,525 11,020 12,150 12,568

North Africa:

 Morocco 714 295 203 293 508 556

 Algeria 721 00000

 Tunisia 723 70000

 Egypt 729 87 23 85 89 82

 Subtotal 389 226 378 597 638

Other Africa:

 Sudan 732 0 0 0 38 0

 Canary Islands 733 00000

 Western Sahara 737 00000

 Mauritania 741 00000

 Senegal 744 7 2 0 0 11

 Mali 745 5 0 10 0 0

 Guinea 746 00010

 Ivory Coast 748 0 0 2 0 17

 Niger 751 0 118 0 5 1

 Central African Empire 754 00000

 Gabon 755 00000

 St. Helena (British West Africa) 758 00000

 Western African, NEC 764 0 0 0 12 17

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 97

Table 89--Greenhouse and nursery products: Value of U.S. imports, by country, 1994-98 1/ --Continued 

Country

 Country of destination code 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 dollars

Other Africa:

 Liberia 765 00000

 Zaire 766 29 9 19 0 16

 Ethiopia 774 00000

 Kenya 779 85 105 118 76 205

 Seychelles 780 00000

 British Indian Ocean 781 00000

 Mauritius 785 101 84 124 205 126

 Mozambique 787 00000

 Madagascar 788 504 1,901 2,356 1,629 1,288

 Comoros 789 00000

 French Indian Ocean Areas 790 01000

 Republic of South Africa 791 1,641 2,723 2,783 3,417 3,926

 Namibia 792 0 50 18 0 0

 Botswana 793 00000

 Swaziland 795 00002

 Zimbabwe 796 292 400 438 494 661

 Subtotal 2,664 5,393 5,868 5,877 6,270

South Asia:

 Afghanistan 531 2,410 3,540 3,007 4,343 5,050

 India 533 231 3,757 2,927 1,140 855

 Pakistan 535 0 43 12 72 45

 Nepal 536 1 33 26 37 7

 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 542 0 0 4 87 10

 Subtotal 2,642 7,373 5,976 5,679 5,957

Other Asia:

 Thailand 549 6,676 8,004 5,808 5,554 4,280

 Vietnam 552 00046

 Laos 553 01002

 Malaysia 557 709 590 805 515 457

 Singapore 559 113 259 211 272 224

 Indonesia 560 64 207 169 80 222

 Brunei 561 0 0 0 28 0

 Philippines 565 271 1,888 1,695 1,729 1,850

 Macao 566 8 302 685 377 683

 China 570 1,967 4,031 5,882 4,249 2,919

 Mongolia 574 7 3 5 0 10

 Korea, Republic of 580 828 942 922 691 881

 Hong Kong 582 101 144 211 108 240

 Taiwan 583 1,669 2,193 2,605 4,404 6,443

 Japan 588 5,419 6,334 6,292 5,637 5,060

 Subtotal 13,571 19,637 20,227 19,423 19,451

Australia and Oceania:

 Australia 602 3,306 3,450 2,856 2,963 2,779

 Papua New Guinea 604 00000

 New Zealand 614 1,856 2,209 2,158 2,663 3,115

 Western Samoa 615 00000

 British Pacific Islands 622 00000

 French Pacific Islands 641 20000

 Other Pacific NEC 686 0 0 0 12 8

 Subtotal 5,164 5,659 5,014 5,638 5,902

Total World 700,172 858,826 951,941 1,003,793 1,080,464

 1/ Aggregate values for all greenhouse and nursery-type products. Includes cut flowers, cut decorative greens, live plants, bulbs, other greenhouse

and nursery products, and cut Christmas trees.

Source: Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States, FATUS, Economic Research Service, USDA.
98 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 90--Cut flowers and decorative greens: Quantity of U.S. imports, by product and country, 1991-98

Product and country 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 stems

Alstroemeria:

 Colombia 80,071 89,243 101,598 126,584 142,793 158,804 157,464 139,571

 Costa Rica N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 486 478

 Ecuador N.A. 107 243 720 459 766 170 2,931

 Guatemala 220 N.A. N.A. 41 3 2 5 10

 Mexico N.A. 234 736 337 547 867 606 1,755

 Netherlands 2,573 2,442 2,310 2,425 2,440 2,613 2,572 3,174

 Peru N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 3

 Others 570 247 102 203 89 8 9 118

Total 83,434 92,273 104,989 130,310 146,331 163,060 161,312 148,040

Carnations, standard:

 Bolivia 473 673 N.A. 444 1,671 2,956 3,259 4,993

 Chile N.A. 209 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 73 677

 Colombia 988,352 1,115,625 1,213,506 1,033,343 820,638 870,253 764,465 643,690

 Costa Rica N.A. 479 N.A. 1,316 286 210 579 145

 Dominican Republic 211 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 24 0

 Ecuador 14,548 15,329 18,487 19,024 20,881 39,074 39,194 39,394

 Guatemala 5,601 6,970 4,759 4,689 5,591 11,222 17,465 10,792

 Israel N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 565 908

 Mexico 12,258 10,477 11,262 7,933 8,040 6,813 7,691 8,541

 Morocco N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 925 1,844

 Netherlands 2,435 3,574 2,158 3,791 3,090 3,462 3,468 3,958

 Peru 2,484 N.A. 247 758 761 157 64 68

 Spain N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 165 1,119

 Others 2,347 1,450 2,215 1,622 2,429 1,613 201 453

Total 1,028,709 1,154,786 1,252,734 1,072,920 863,387 935,760 838,138 716,582

1,000 bunches

Carnations, miniature: 1/

 Bolivia N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 594

 Colombia 24,632 28,327 34,277 38,820 37,741 41,471 41,334 33,739

 Costa Rica 329 79 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 22 3

 Ecuador 1,819 987 921 874 1,100 1,745 1,135 1,795

 Guatemala N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 461 300

 Israel N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 7 9

 Mexico 546 823 886 687 1,231 2,299 1,130 914

 Netherlands N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 120 130

 Peru 2,062 1,521 386 20 56 27 77 18

 Spain N.A. N.A. N.A. 189 357 220 99 118

 Others 1,770 294 152 366 331 239 11 152

Total 31,158 32,031 36,622 40,956 40,546 46,001 44,396 37,772

Chamaedorea: 2/

 Guatemala 2,403 2,456 2,492 2,536 2,222 2,068 1,234 3,133

 Mexico 13,310 15,261 12,922 8,834 9,095 13,754 8,309 9,133

 Others 115 34 23 35 92 347 102 72

Total 15,828 17,751 15,437 11,405 11,409 16,169 9,645 12,338

1,000 stems

Chrysanthemums, standard:

 Colombia 27,054 27,630 22,512 28,081 35,830 34,198 44,065 41,126

 Costa Rica N.A. 81 N.A. 408 559 209 201 1,583

 Dominican Republic 740 492 441 476 461 110 98 118

 Ecuador 2,237 2,916 3,167 3,638 3,700 4,294 4,098 4,003

 Mexico N.A. N.A. 581 111 96 44 120 227

 Netherlands 2,849 2,813 2,568 2,907 2,866 3,774 4,197 5,418

 Others 292 316 211 55 96 18 6 164

Total 33,172 34,248 29,570 35,676 43,586 42,647 52,785 52,639

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 99

Table 90--Cut flowers and decorative greens: Quantity of U.S. imports, by product and country, 1991-98--Continued

Product and country 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 stems

Daisies:

 Colombia N.A. N.A. N.A. 539 344 687 1,821 729

 Costa Rica N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 78 0

 Mexico 18,951 4,545 8,101 10,704 56 N.A. N.A. 510

 Netherlands N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 47 0

 Others 847 222 95 25 14 8 8 0

Total 19,798 4,767 8,196 11,268 414 695 1,954 1,239

Freesias:

 Colombia 1,388 1,560 2,207 5,029 8,462 8,719 9,827 10,025

 Netherlands 22,966 24,327 25,215 22,750 23,957 25,661 27,349 627,079

 Others 74 166 278 348 267 105 79 766

Total 24,428 26,053 27,700 28,127 32,686 34,485 37,255 637,870

Gerbera:

 Colombia 26,106 28,662 28,544 32,657 36,952 37,537 37,570 37,799

 Costa Rica 409 415 344 323 119 74 41 203

 Dominican Republic 1,066 821 763 445 14 N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Ecuador 187 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 890 833

 Israel N.A. 895 1,598 2,280 4,187 4,803 4,966 5,221

 Mexico 204 121 N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,433 2,080 1,861

 Netherlands 3,718 3,679 5,855 5,899 6,078 6,320 6,727 6,759

 Others 973 214 575 564 796 159 20 60

Total 32,663 34,807 37,679 42,168 48,146 50,326 52,294 52,736

Gladioli:

 Colombia N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 199 527

 Ecuador N.A. N.A. N.A. 443 4,104 5,800 608 1,281

 Mexico 2,523 3,212 3,090 6,607 6,442 8,415 10,964 10,904

 Netherlands 1,473 1,669 1,401 1,206 1,207 1,353 1,221 1,664

 Others 180 198 210 109 260 665 48 46

Total 4,176 5,079 4,701 8,365 12,013 16,233 13,040 14,422

1,000 bunches

Gypsophila: 3/

 Colombia 4,707 5,650 6,539 7,982 6,094 5,096 4,862 4,927

 Ecuador 4,729 6,342 9,319 10,364 11,949 13,382 12,525 13,068

 Israel N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 320 336

 Netherlands N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 724 791

 Peru 1,474 1,355 986 811 701 567 734 293

 Others 725 1,046 1,162 716 1,030 1,249 178 206

Total 11,635 14,393 18,006 19,873 19,774 20,294 19,343 19,621

1,000 stems

Iris:

 Colombia N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 402 N.A. 4 292

 Costa Rica N.A. N.A. N.A. 175 179 1,607 2,716 3,273

 Ecuador N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 380 491

 Mexico 208 165 N.A. 127 373 158 28 57

 Netherlands 21,418 21,868 20,555 19,820 21,526 21,553 21,386 20,798

 Others 147 137 401 84 85 550 81 231

Total 21,773 22,170 20,956 20,206 22,565 23,868 24,595 25,142

Leatherleaf ferns:

 Costa Rica 31,441 17,826 8,831 6,665 3,423 5,937 3,158 666

 El Salvador N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 638 0

 Guatemala 128 1,154 161 N.A. 697 1,982 2,245 529

 Jamaica N.A. N.A. 643 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 2

 Mexico N.A. N.A. 958 5,249 6,523 8,655 14,958 6,649

 Others 656 94 205 365 1,000 684 125 220

Total 32,225 19,074 10,798 12,279 11,643 17,258 21,124 8,066

See footnotes at end of table.
100 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 90--Cut flowers and decorative greens: Quantity of U.S. imports, by product and country, 1991-98--Continued

Product and country 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 stems

Lilac:

 Netherlands 666 742 678 693 782 2,639 3,184 3,256

 Others 2 1 13 2 19 11 14 1

Total 668 743 691 695 801 2,650 3,198 3,257

Lilies:

 Chile N.A. 298 1,336 2,447 1,811 2,066 2,791 3,281

 Colombia 2,105 2,343 2,076 2,688 994 1,253 922 2,198

 Costa Rica 1,692 2,933 3,198 4,201 2,241 2,600 7,349 4,960

 Dominican Republic N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 668 1,242

 Ecuador N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 592 746

 France N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 4 8

 Israel N.A. N.A. N.A. 255 513 285 409 196

 Mexico N.A. N.A. N.A. 626 1,726 1,470 1,846 2,199

 Netherlands 29,245 29,839 27,326 27,814 27,494 26,982 28,337 27,102

 South Africa N.A. N.A. 467 357 N.A. N.A. 120 335

 Others 808 1,022 1,563 422 1,195 1,250 42 227

Total 33,850 36,435 35,966 38,810 35,974 35,886 43,080 42,494

Miscellaneous greens:

 Chile N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 354 148

 Colombia 735 280 290 896 573 717 503 2,318

 Costa Rica 7,860 9,232 11,670 15,388 13,830 18,262 10,100 4,776

 Dominican Republic N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 5 328

 Ecuador N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 83 817

 El Salvador N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 10,509 1,412

 France N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,632 1,466

 Guatemala N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,834 635 2,033 6,337 17,359

 Honduras N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 8 0

 Israel 5,632 3,541 2,446 2,690 3,127 3,271 3,347 2,574

 Italy 4,071 4,132 4,107 3,706 4,270 6,929 8,019 4,189

 Jamaica 320 542 463 390 342 364 191 274

 Mexico 3,059 5,676 16,114 4,460 5,606 4,707 2,058 1,932

 Netherlands N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,076 254

 Peru N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 191 0

 South Africa N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 199 0

 Thailand 320 403 254 378 209 316 457 891

 Others 1,494 586 1,541 3,050 5,483 4,720 35 193

Total 23,491 24,392 36,885 32,792 34,075 41,519 45,104 38,931

Orchids, cymbidium: 4/

 Australia N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 50 68

 Netherlands 3,330 3,581 3,037 3,708 4,351 5,084 6,343 5,727

 New Zealand 704 N.A. 1,511 596 1,672 1,229 1,244 1,194

 Thailand N.A. 1,101 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 2,245 3,103

 Others 618 1,386 105 578 266 260 69 83

Total 4,652 6,068 4,653 4,882 6,289 6,573 9,951 10,175

Orchids, other:

 Netherlands 286 294 331 228 892 443 240 957

 Singapore N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 403 462 459 821

 Thailand 23,668 14,458 22,599 20,803 22,503 22,922 21,960 24,982

 Others 253 327 411 833 170 219 169 326

Total 24,207 15,079 23,341 21,864 23,968 24,046 22,828 27,086

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 101

Table 90--Cut flowers and decorative greens: Quantity of U.S. imports, by product and country, 1991-98--Continued

Product and country 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 bunches

Pompon chrysanthemums: 5/

 Colombia 79,776 82,205 89,551 91,117 85,824 85,136 90,876 88,473

 Costa Rica 9,836 10,117 10,847 8,915 7,419 10,239 9,054 8,724

 Dominican Republic 358 112 N.A. N.A. 16 N.A. 68 90

 Ecuador 1,433 1,180 1,145 1,322 1,431 1,774 2,371 1,883

 Mexico N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 58 15

 Netherlands N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 148 62

 Others 185 142 377 228 31 424 17 47

Total 91,588 93,756 101,920 101,582 94,721 97,573 102,592 99,294

1,000 stems

Roses:

 Bolivia 3,350 3,024 2,199 2,167 1,509 1,510 1,587 552

 Colombia 350,796 398,486 490,192 503,760 453,277 485,682 496,242 515,691

 Costa Rica 7,604 7,348 6,325 5,855 7,044 4,418 3,922 9,373

 Dominican Republic 3,459 3,618 3,168 2,835 2,634 1,599 1,681 1,249

 Ecuador 58,442 83,614 113,097 132,903 181,365 234,283 269,206 334,331

 France N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 774 798

 Guatemala 23,536 27,907 29,935 35,949 40,070 37,583 35,302 28,540

 Israel N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 3,151 4,053

 Mexico 43,779 36,539 35,420 32,202 45,631 43,648 34,268 32,071

 Morocco N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 519 247

 Netherlands 10,656 12,387 11,240 11,438 16,228 16,145 17,415 20,301

 Peru 122 N.A. N.A. 840 745 N.A. 107 169

 South Africa N.A. 190 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 27 36

 Zimbabwe N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 240 815

 Others 2,398 1,454 3,007 2,145 3,385 3,028 470 956

Total 504,142 574,567 694,583 730,094 751,888 827,716 864,911 949,182

1,000 bunches

Statice: 6/

 Bolivia N.A. N.A. N.A. 199 30 4 32 99

 Colombia 3,850 3,236 4,230 3,631 3,189 2,875 2,324 2,310

 Costa Rica 121 130 92 N.A. 3 8 7 19

 Ecuador 1,295 1,233 1,093 1,300 1,378 1,019 1,106 1,059

 Guatemala N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 192 74

 Israel N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,393 1,105

 Mexico 2,788 2,486 5,437 5,559 5,676 10,360 10,167 8,776

 Netherlands N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,463 940

 Peru 442 N.A. 172 271 8 30 71 347

 Others 221 466 414 553 2,581 2,104 39 119

Total 8,717 7,551 11,438 11,513 12,865 16,400 16,794 14,848

1,000 stems

Tulips:

 Chile N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,259 1,756

 Colombia N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 221 89 69 66

 Ecuador N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 170 59

 France 1,488 1,361 2,193 2,951 2,707 1,897 2,547 2,101

 Netherlands 51,717 60,007 55,411 62,081 61,966 67,137 70,568 69,981

 New Zealand N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 165 55

 Others 401 267 238 262 774 982 240 338

Total 53,606 61,635 57,842 65,294 65,668 70,105 75,018 74,356

See footnotes at end of table.
102 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 90--Cut flowers and decorative greens: Quantity of U.S. imports, by product and country, 1991-98--Continued

Product and country 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 stems

Other ornamentals:

 Australia N.A. 9,022 8,613 8,910 6,026 5,900 9,528 5,658

 Chile N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,094 1,171

 Colombia 108,053 118,370 156,551 225,401 228,429 293,278 377,116 351,916

 Costa Rica 31,932 28,543 36,043 47,572 52,827 56,243 61,071 70,643

 Dominican Republic 23,673 11,074 15,739 13,871 12,733 17,171 21,554 11,526

 Ecuador 10,866 11,740 17,853 32,659 41,992 59,843 72,616 78,492

 El Salvador N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 636 1,766

 France N.A. 1,766 1,549 2,197 2,332 2,125 2,328 4,528

 Guatemala 3,696 5,054 4,401 8,395 9,382 9,186 13,350 12,717

 Honduras 3,133 2,784 2,982 1,015 474 56 3 0

 Israel N.A. 4,195 3,874 3,434 6,278 6,026 6,508 8,341

 Italy N.A. 1,204 N.A. N.A. N.A. 2,931 3,955 7,035

 Jamaica 5,319 4,026 2,492 2,416 3,266 3,682 3,787 2,573

 Mexico 14,514 16,317 21,385 19,748 25,161 43,974 34,317 38,200

 Netherlands 31,809 29,920 32,413 33,719 33,310 37,807 46,834 42,803

 New Zealand N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 2,185 1,639

 Peru 14,014 2,576 1,860 1,546 1,395 2,211 3,458 3,003

 South Africa N.A. 1,165 2,934 2,692 6,137 4,365 4,774 5,034

 Trinidad-Tobago 1,132 1,632 1,706 2,054 2,408 1,819 1,915 2,347

 Venezuela 2,931 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 687 911

 Zimbabwe N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 3,081 2,691

 Others 21,937 4,309 9,377 12,169 11,435 8,564 2,568 5,587

Total 273,009 253,697 319,772 417,798 441,565 555,181 673,365 658,581

 N.A. = Not available or insufficient. 

 1/ Approximately 10 stems per bunch. 

 2/ Approximately 25 stems per bunch.

 3/ Approximately 25 stems per bunch. 

 4/ Blooms.

 5/ Approximately 6 stems per bunch. 

 6/ Approximately 12 stems per bunch.

 Source: Ornamental Crops, National Market Trends, Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 103

Table 91--Greenhouse and nursery products: Value of U.S. exports, by country, 1994-98 1/

Country

 Country of destination code 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 dollars

North America:

 Canada 122 109,534 109,089 106,112 118,141 126,648

 Mexico 201 24,286 22,875 28,116 30,214 27,973

 Subtotal 133,820 131,964 134,228 148,355 154,621

Caribbean:

 Bermuda 232 99 44 90 72 70

 Bahamas 236 1,178 535 975 1,221 3,206

 Jamaica 241 48 70 58 85 159

 Turks and Caicos Islands 243 46 168 139 197 361

 Cayman Islands 244 377 402 389 1,627 2,415

 Haiti 245 72 166 255 179 71

 Dominican Republic 247 403 661 89 680 815

 Leeward-Windward Islands 248 237 523 482 583 2,179

 Barbados 272 95 28 23 8 6

 Trinidad and Tobago 274 79 23 24 9 7

 Netherlands Antilles 277 362 869 799 400 428

 French West Indies 283 10 242 332 239 418

 Subtotal 3,006 3,731 3,655 5,300 10,135

Central America:

 Guatemala 205 1,785 754 897 1,252 391

 Belize 208 247 0 0 4 16

 El Salvador 211 14 12 0 9 19

 Honduras 215 63 630 354 98 30

 Nicaragua 219 0 58 69 10 0

 Costa Rica 223 412 528 149 344 313

 Panama 225 294 146 42 151 135

 Subtotal 2,815 2,128 1,511 1,868 904

South America:

 Colombia 301 1,200 1,495 1,194 979 2,028

 Venezuela 307 2,281 745 802 717 590

 Guyana 312 0 5 0 47 12

 Surinam 315 0 0 15 35 0

 French Guiana 317 0 14 18 50 0

 Ecuador 331 1,307 2,482 2,279 2,549 869

 Peru 333 13 12 42 200 94

 Bolivia 335 4 0 14 6 17

 Chile 337 612 458 590 586 745

 Brazil 351 411 391 366 392 813

 Paraguay 353 44 26 10 48 19

 Uruguay 355 3 72 81 43 118

 Argentina 357 358 371 634 877 551

 Falkland Islands (Isls Malvns) 372

 Subtotal 6,233 6,071 6,045 6,529 5,856

European Union:

 Denmark 409 147 234 200 552 110

 United Kingdom 412 3,990 5,124 4,928 5,992 5,267

 Ireland 419 306 834 84 9 17

 Netherlands 421 22,741 30,629 37,787 43,154 42,901

 Belgium-Luxembourg 423 1,425 5,311 2,986 2,728 4,552

 France 427 1,294 1,280 1,077 1,607 1,430

 Germany 428 18,155 15,587 18,212 19,716 16,018

 Spain 469 1,335 862 999 762 4,215

 Portugal 471 19 16 19 84 172

 Italy 475 2,427 2,662 1,968 1,151 4,578

 Greece 484 155 33 48 76 3

 Subtotal 51,994 62,572 68,308 75,831 79,263

See footnotes at end of table.
104 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 91--Greenhouse and nursery products: Value of U.S. exports, by country, 1994-98 1/--Continued

Country

 Country of destination code 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 dollars

Other western Europe:

 Iceland 400 6 0 14 3 6

 Sweden 401 0 5 43 152 333

 Norway 403 184 203 217 134 70

 Finland 405 211 127 37 31 22

 Austria 433 52 17 136 40 14

 Switzerland 441 1,846 1,722 1,420 1,563 1,048

 Malta-Gozo 473 0 0 16 28 0

 Subtotal 2,299 2,074 1,883 1,951 1,493

East Europe and Former Soviet Union:

 Former Czechoslovakia 435 96 30

 Hungary 437 17 6080

 Poland 455 0 50 165 279 87

 Former Soviet Union 462 418 615 444 424 587

 Former Yugoslavia 479 16 3 3 10 0

 Albania 481

 Romania 485

 Bulgaria 487

 Subtotal 451 674 612 817 704

Middle East:

 Turkey 489 27 54 218 40 45

 Cyprus 491 0 0 8 28 3

 Syria 502 03000

 Lebanon 504 36 42 76 63 112

 Iraq 505

 Iran 507

 Israel, inc Gaza 508 98 190 134 140 51

 Jordan 511 0 18 59 54 21

 Kuwait 513 55 182 13 37 23

 Saudi Arabia 517 402 406 168 187 845

 Qatar 518 80 106 0 0 0

 United Arab Emirates 520 823 705 108 98 182

 Yemen (Sana) 521

 Oman 523 5 0 0 0 16

 Bahrain 525 27 63 0 5 6

 Subtotal 1,553 1,769 784 652 1,304

North Africa:

 Morocco 714 0 39 93 90 278

 Algeria 721

 Tunisia 723 0 0 34 134 0

 Egypt 729 52 132 118 63 641

 Subtotal 52 171 245 287 919

Other Africa:

 Sudan 732

 Canary Islands 733

 Western Sahara 737

 Mauritania 741

 Senegal 744

 Mali 745

 Guinea 746

 Ivory Coast 748

 Niger 751

 Central African Empire 754

 Gabon 755

 St. Helena (British West Africa) 758

 Western African, NEC 764

See footnotes at end of table.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 105

Table 91--Greenhouse and nursery products: Value of U.S. exports, by country, 1994-98 1/--Continued

Country

 Country of destination code 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,000 dollars

Other Africa:

 Liberia 765

 Zaire 766

 Ethiopia 774

 Kenya 779 11 18 0 57 100

 Seychelles 780

 British Indian Ocean 781

 Mauritius 785 30000

 Mozambique 787

 Madagascar 788

 Comoros 789

 French Indian Ocean Areas 790 70000

 Republic of South Africa 791 192 486 100 120 43

 Namibia 792

 Botswana 793

 Swaziland 795

 Zimbabwe 796 8 4 28 13 13

 Subtotal 221 508 128 190 156

South Asia:

 Afghanistan 531

 India 533 209 128 7 59 94

 Pakistan 535 16 0009

 Nepal 536 5

 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 542 24 7 13 11 4

 Subtotal 249 135 20 70 112

Other Asia:

 Thailand 549 62 12 202 21 37

 Vietnam 552 53 0 0 25 3

 Laos 553

 Malaysia 557 366 192 84 454 227

 Singapore 559 546 397 295 551 215

 Indonesia 560 65 141 118 65 13

 Brunei 561 75 0000

 Philippines 565 108 66 801 371 197

 Macao 566

 China 570 268 253 209 1,870 1,075

 Mongolia 574

 Korea, Republic of 580 7,595 2,315 4,398 2,652 774

 Hong Kong 582 1,502 1,725 922 11,775 15,970

 Taiwan 583 1,228 1,731 1,899 2,805 3,335

 Japan 588 22,134 20,665 15,168 19,415 26,716

 Subtotal 34,002 27,497 24,096 40,004 48,562

Australia and Oceania:

 Australia 602 1,304 1,342 716 434 1,109

 Papua New Guinea 604

 New Zealand 614 50 99 159 127 151

 Western Samoa 615 3

 British Pacific Islands 622

 French Pacific Islands 641 80 48 19 0 0

 Micronesia 682 83043

 Other Pacific NEC 686 34 223 0 157 77

 Subtotal 1,476 1,715 894 722 1,343

Total World 238,171 241,009 242,409 282,576 305,372

 1/ Aggregate values for all greenhouse and nursery-type products. Includes cut flowers, cut decorative greens, live plants, bulbs, other greenhouse 

and nursery products, and cut Christmas trees.

Source: Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States, FATUS, Economic Research Service, USDA.
106 Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 Economic Research Service/USDA

Table 92--Greenhouse and nursery products: Quantity and value of U.S. imports, by commodity, 1996-98

Commodity Quantity Value

Code Description 1996 1997 1998 1996 1997 1998

Number $1,000

601101500 Tulip bulbs, dormant 339,072,110 426,257,928 408,660,027 40,527 41,505 43,173

601103000 Hyacinth bulbs, dormant 36,642,553 39,173,980 37,711,339 8,044 7,840 8,217

601104500 Lily bulbs, dormant 125,844,622 139,998,937 143,688,615 29,219 24,923 23,550

601106000 Narcissus bulbs, dormant 137,265,084 165,164,119 170,969,183 18,240 19,972 20,552

601107500 Crocus corms, dormant 81,211,762 87,068,690 95,913,759 4,121 3,580 3,750

601108500 Lily of the valley pips, dormant 8,170,251 6,596,084 4,616,827 942 709 584

601109020 Iris bulbs, dormant 119,365,535 117,253,054 124,494,657 6,046 5,311 5,928

601109040 Gladiolus corms, dormant 193,835,760 180,693,054 182,635,656 4,981 3,786 3,855

601109060 Begonia tubers, dormant 11,825,650 9,179,533 6,120,732 2,271 2,124 1,799

601109080 Bulbs, tubers, corms, etc. NESOI, dormant 348,518,662 382,443,425 393,119,112 42,014 43,401 50,231

601201000 Hyacinth bulbs, no soil, in-growth 39,486 19,550 49,544 21 10 22

601209000 Bulbs, NESOI, in-growth 7,949,868 10,915,036 8,078,771 10,180 12,527 14,079

Totals for bulbs, corms, tubers, etc. n.a. n.a. n.a. 166,606 165,688 175,740

602100000 Unrooted cuttings, slips of plants, NESOI 255,418,209 284,018,500 363,335,118 22,129 23,670 28,144

602200000 Trees, shrubs, bushes which bear edible fruits 97,940,672 108,567,825 110,732,678 8,661 10,163 12,186

602300000 Rhodendrons and azaleas, grafted or not 743,301 630,630 544,893 2,231 2,296 2,414

602400000 Roses, grafted or not 3,477,019 3,900,737 5,005,057 7,222 7,365 7,967

602902000 Orchid plants, live 223 289 418 4,303 6,567 9,376

602903010 Chrysanthemums with soil attached 5,780,491 7,838,418 6,830,066 12,607 14,333 13,982

602903090 Herbaceous perennials, NESOI, with soil attached 11,648,646 11,184,633 10,634,641 13,632 14,158 13,138

602904000 Herbaceous perennials, NESOI 258 486 1,323 1,735 2,113 5,410

602905000 Mushroom spawn 271 960 1,055 374 1,315 1,412

602906010 Trees, shrubs, bushes with soil attached 10,894,174 11,385,009 14,026,616 10,360 12,881 17,628

602906020 Poinsettias, live, with soil attached 2,769,656 4,796,795 4,011,352 5,927 6,915 7,619

602906090 Plants, live, with soil attached, NESOI 130,763,756 163,711,610 175,265,496 34,196 47,428 63,368

602909010 Trees and shrubs without soil attached, NESOI 2,245,878 1,577,532 1,868,266 1,922 2,257 2,725

602909090 Plants, live, without soil attached, NESOI 124,513,646 94,227,572 174,163,191 20,140 20,189 27,586

Totals for live plants, trees, shrubs, etc. n.a. n.a. n.a. 145,439 171,650 212,955

603103000 Miniature (spray) carnations, fresh 351,627,253 372,442,239 348,137,013 36,571 37,751 38,740

603106010 Sweetheart roses, fresh 4,383,990 4,762,417 5,540,411 1,368 1,375 1,565

603106090 Roses, NESOI, fresh 837,413,908 944,465,748 976,818,088 177,555 205,220 215,951

603107010 Pom pom chrysanthemums, fresh 611,575,923 537,971,744 560,866,371 68,966 66,732 73,023

603107020 Chrysanthemums, except pom pom, fresh 52,174,238 52,214,276 49,407,377 11,520 10,790 9,840

603107030 Standard carnations, fresh 913,640,600 834,952,401 711,964,711 90,075 79,504 74,559

603107040 Anthuriums, fresh 1,504,495 1,046,573 602,932 855 642 328

603107050 Dendrobium orchids, fresh 28,431,089 29,265,688 41,969,640 3,277 3,002 2,330

603107060 Orchids except dendrobium, fresh 6,423,698 4,864,517 4,527,118 1,737 1,432 1,495

603108000 Cut flowers and flower buds, NESOI, fresh n.a. n.a. n.a. 165,749 172,767 181,072

603900000 Cut flowers, dried, dyed, or otherwise prepared n.a. n.a. n.a. 14,876 15,833 15,459

Totals for cut flowers, fresh, dried, dyed, etc. n.a. n.a. n.a. 572,549 595,048 614,362

604100000 Mosses, lichens, , fresh, dried, etc. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,504 1,649 1,844

604910020 Douglas fir Christmas trees, fresh 29,118 31,406 32,602 131 160 236

604910040 Fir except Douglas fir, Christmas trees, fresh 1,272,705 1,419,897 1,600,811 10,949 11,525 14,263

604910060 Evergreen Christmas trees, NESOI, fresh 999,894 1,132,222 979,766 9,186 10,494 8,160

604910080 Foliage, branches, etc., NESOI, fresh n.a. n.a. n.a. 27,577 28,467 31,917

604993000 Foliage, branches, etc., dried or bleached n.a. n.a. n.a. 13,067 14,245 16,259

604996000 Foliage, branches, etc., dyed or otherwise prepared n.a. n.a. n.a. 3,148 3,630 3,646

Totals for cut foliage, branches, Christmas trees, etc. n.a. n.a. n.a. 65,562 70,170 76,325

Total greenhouse and nursery product imports n.a. n.a. n.a. 950,156 1,002,556 1,079,382

 n.a. = not applicable.

 Source: Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States, FATUS, Economic Research Service, USDA.
Economic Research Service/USDA Floriculture and Environmental Horticulture/FLO-1999/October 1999 107

Table 93--Greenhouse and nursery products: Quantity and value of U.S. exports, by commodity, 1996-98

Commodity Quantity Value

Code Description 1996 1997 1998 1996 1997 1998

Number $1,000

601100000 Bulbs, tubers, corms, etc., dormant 5,702,056 7,305,486 8,749,000 7,476 10,069 17,623

601200000 Bulbs, tubers, corms, etc., in growth 783,889 1,266,533 1,696,409 2,550 2,854 4,944

Totals for bulbs, corms, tubers, etc. n.a. n.a. n.a. 10,026 12,923 22,567

602100000 Unrooted cuttings, slips of plants, NESOI 6,155,245 7,183,551 9,361,730 6,371 9,475 13,047

602200000 Trees, shrubs, bushes which bear edible fruits 483,557 478,293 601,572 11,187 10,984 13,766

602300000 Rhodendrons and azaleas, grafted or not 1,227,607 1,213,695 1,252,448 5,029 5,358 5,846

602400000 Roses, grafted or not 1,797,406 2,449,099 1,555,986 8,912 10,633 7,264

602902000 Orchid plants, live 52 112 184 268 235 2,230

602903010 Chrysanthemums with soil attached 1,276 0 13,121 10 0 33

602903090 Herbaceous perennials, NESOI, with soil attached 23,376 103,582 188,813 101 310 1,446

602904000 Herbaceous perennials, NESOI, without soil 4,962 5,007 819 12,305 26,552 16,174

602905000 Mushroom spawn 5,358 4,942 4,974 11,701 11,014 10,772

602906010 Trees, shrubs, bushes with soil attached 24,624 56,719 54,421 211 582 1,316

602906020 Poinsettias, live, with soil attached 1,789 3,333 0 14 19 0

602906090 Plants, live, with soil attached, NESOI 518,432 633,414 1,147,659 1,945 2,266 4,240

602909010 Trees and shrubs without soil attached, NESOI 377,788 419,681 4,122,207 4,230 4,422 13,979

602909090 Plants, live, without soil attached, NESOI 2,707,865 2,901,831 17,972,599 31,396 33,146 40,472

Totals for live plants, trees, shrubs, etc. n.a. n.a. n.a. 93,680 114,996 130,585

603100000 Cut flowers and flower buds, fresh n.a. n.a. n.a. 29,402 32,780 30,713

603900000 Cut flowers, dried, dyed, or otherwise prepared n.a. n.a. n.a. 18,100 15,972 13,840

Totals for cut flowers, fresh, dried, dyed, etc. n.a. n.a. n.a. 47,502 48,752 44,553

604100000 Mosses, lichens, , fresh, dried, etc. n.a. n.a. n.a. 9,732 13,501 17,323

604910000 Foliage, branches, etc., fresh n.a. n.a. n.a. 52,003 56,586 49,938

604990000 Foliage, branches, etc., dyed or otherwise prepared n.a. n.a. n.a. 12,438 14,294 18,716

Totals for cut foliage, branches, Christmas trees, etc. n.a. n.a. n.a. 74,173 84,381 85,977

Total greenhouse and nursery product exports n.a. n.a. n.a. 225,381 261,052 283,682

 n.a. = not applicable.

 Source: Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States, FATUS, Economic Research Service, USDA.