iii

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Contents

Contents

Figures ................................................................................................................................................. v

Tables ................................................................................................................................................ vii

1. Abbreviated Staff Directory.......................................................................................................... 1

2. Program Overview........................................................................................................................ 7

3. Important Events......................................................................................................................... 17

4. Disease Statistics......................................................................................................................... 29

5. Institute-Initiated Programs Starting in FY 2007........................................................................ 49

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees........................................................................................ 55

7. Fiscal Year 2007 Budget Overview ............................................................................................ 63

8. Long-Term Trends ...................................................................................................................... 67

9. Research Grants.......................................................................................................................... 75

10. Research and Development Contracts...................................................................................... 103

11. Clinical Trials............................................................................................................................ 113

12. Minority Activities.................................................................................................................... 135

13. Research Training and Career Development Programs............................................................ 155

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2007 ............................................................ 163

Appendixes

Types of Research Activity ....................................................................................................... 187

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................ 193

Index ......................................................................................................................................... 197

v

Figures

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2004 ............................................................................................................31

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2004...........................................................31

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 2004 .......................................................................................32

Deaths From Lung Diseases, U.S., 2004.......................................................................................................32

Deaths From Blood Diseases, U.S., 2004 .....................................................................................................32

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2005..............................................................................33

Death Rates for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2005..........................................................................33

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2005 ..............................................................................34

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2004............................................................34

Deaths Attributed to Heart Failure, U.S., 1970–2004...................................................................................35

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Heart Disease by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1985–2004.........................36

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1985–2004.....................................36

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2005 ...................................................37

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead 

From Hospitals, U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2005 ..............................................................................................37

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Men, Ages 35–74, in Selected Countries, 1970–2004 ...............38

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Women, Ages 35–74, in Selected Countries, 1970–2004...........38

Percent Change in Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Selected Causes by Race and Sex, U.S., 1999–2005 ........39

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2005 .........................................................................39

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2005 ....................................................................................40

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2005........................................40

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Men, Ages 35 and Older, 

in Selected Countries, 1980–2004...............................................................................................................41

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Women, Ages 35 and Older, 

in Selected Countries, 1980–2004...............................................................................................................41

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Race/Ethnicity 

and Sex, U.S., 1985–2004...........................................................................................................................42

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 1990–2005 ........................................................................42

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults by Age and Sex, U.S., 1999–2004.....................................43

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2004...........................................44

Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2004....................44

Hypertensive Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Ages 18 and Older, U.S.,

1976–1980 to 1999–2004............................................................................................................................45

Adult Population With Hypertension by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex, U.S., 1999–2004 ............................45

Hospitalization Rates for Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 and 65 and Older, U.S., 1971–2005.............................46

Persons Experiencing Asthma Episodes in Previous 12 Months by Age, U.S., 1997–2006 ...........................46

Total Economic Costs, U.S., 2008 ................................................................................................................47

Economic Costs of Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2008..................................................47

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Figures
vi

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2007 Budget Overview

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category............................................................................................63

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program...............................................................................................63

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Division ...............................................................................................63

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Current Dollars.........................................................................................................................................68

Constant 1997 Dollars...............................................................................................................................68

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1997–2007.................................................70

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 1997–2007...............................71

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards:

Fiscal Years 1997–2007..............................................................................................................................71

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars ......................................................................................................................................................73

Percent of Total Extramural Budget..........................................................................................................74

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category................................................................................................76

NHLBI Research Project Grant, Research Centers Grant, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1997–2007..............................................................................................................................76

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Number Reviewed and Awarded ...............................................................................................................77

Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate).........................................................................77

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007..............78

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1997–2007..................................................80

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007................................. 103

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 ...................... 155

NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 1997–2007................................................................. 155

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 ........................................................................................ 161

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2007

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2007................................................................. 163

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Figures
vii

Tables

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Programs Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute........................................................9

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1984 and 2004 ...................................................................................................................................31

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2004 ..............................................32

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases,

U.S., 1963, 1985, and 2005.........................................................................................................................35

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2005........................................40

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2005.......................................................43

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2008 ...........................................47

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2007 Budget Overview

NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2007 ..................................................................63

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2007 ..................................................................64

NHLBI Cardiovascular Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2007 .............................................................................64

NHLBI Prevention and Population Sciences Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2007 .............................................................................64

NHLBI Lung Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2007 .............................................................................65

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2007 .............................................................................65

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2007 .............................................................................67

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Current Dollars.........................................................................................................................................69

Constant 1997 Dollars...............................................................................................................................69

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1997–2007.................................................70

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 1997–2007............................................................................................70

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars ......................................................................................................................................................72

Percent of Total Extramural Budget..........................................................................................................72

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars ......................................................................................................................................................73

Percent of Total Extramural Budget..........................................................................................................74

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Tables
viii

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2007 ..........................................................75

NHLBI Research Project Grant, Research Centers Grant, and Other Research 

Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 ..............................................................................................76

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded...............................................................................77

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007..............78

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 1997–2007 ................79

Facility and Administrative (F&A) Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 ....79

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1997–2007..................................................80

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10) Programs..............................................................................81

Specialized Centers of Research (P50), Specialized Centers of Clinically 

Oriented Research (P50), and Centers of Excellence in Translational Human

Stem Cell Research (P50) Programs...........................................................................................................96

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007........................ 103

Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program............................................................ 104

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1997–2007...................................................... 113

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2007: Summary by Program ............................ 117

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Contracts................................................................................................................................................. 118

Cooperative Agreements ......................................................................................................................... 120

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2007: Summary by Program

Contracts................................................................................................................................................. 122

Cooperative Agreements ......................................................................................................................... 122

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2007................ 156

History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 ....................................................... 157

Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 1997–2007............................................................ 158

NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 .................................................................... 159

NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007................................................... 160

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research 

Supplements Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 ................................................................... 161

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1997–2007.................................... 162

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 ................ 162

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2007

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2007.............................................. 164

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Tables
1

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

1. Abbreviated Staff Directory*

Office of the Director Bldg. Room Phone MSC** †

Director, Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D. ............................................. 31 5A48 496–5166 2486

Deputy Director, Susan B. Shurin, M.D................................. 31 5A48 496–1078 2486

Chief of Staff, Sheila Pohl....................................................... 31 5A48 496–5166 2486

Associate Director for Administrative Management,

Donald P. Christoferson.................................................... 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Administrative Officer, Rebecca Ellett-Tenner................. 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Associate Director for Basic Research,

Alan M. Michelson, M.D., Ph.D. ..................................... 31 5A48 594–5353 2490

Acting Associate Director for Biomedical Informatics,

Ralph Van Wey.................................................................. RKL1‡ 6100 435–0116 7994

Associate Director for Minority Health,

Helena O. Mishoe, Ph.D., M.P.H...................................... RKL2§ 9093C 451–5081 7913 

Associate Director for Prevention, Education, and Control,

Gregory J. Morosco, Ph.D, M.P.H................................... 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Associate Director for Scientific Program Operation,

Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. .............................................. 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Deputy Ethics Counselor, Nancy O’Hanlon, J.D. .................. 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Office of Biostatistics Research

Director, Nancy L. Geller, Ph.D. ....................................... RKL2 9093A 435–0434 7913 

Office of Clinical Research

Director, Maria Stagnitto, M.S.N. .................................... RKL2 9093B 435–7594 7913

Senior Advisor to the Director for Genome Research, 

Christopher J. O’Donnell, M.D., M.P.H. ........................ 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2 

 Framingham, MA 01702-5827

 508–935–3435

Center for Population Studies

Director, Daniel Levy, M.D. .............................................. 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2 

 Framingham, MA 01702-5827

 508–935–3458

Center for Biomedical Informatics

Acting Director, Ralph Van Wey....................................... RKL1 6100 435–0116 7994

Acting Deputy Director, Christopher E. Olaes................. RKL1 6212 496–3275 7994

Administrative Officer, Amy L. Doster........................ RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Chief Terminology Officer, Carol A. Bean, Ph.D. ............ 31 5A06 435–0114 2490

Applications Development and Support Branch

Chief, Ralph Van Wey ....................................................... RKL1 6100 435–0116 7994

Information Technology Resources Branch

Chief, Christopher E. Olaes.............................................. RKL1 6212 496–3275 7994

* Current as of October 31, 2007. For locating personnel not listed, the general information number is 301–496–4000. All listed 

phone numbers are in area code 301. The Personnel Directory, which is periodically updated throughout the year, is located on the 

NHLBI Home Page under About NHLBI.

**MSC—Mail Stop Code.

† Full mailing address formats are located at the end of this chapter.

‡ RKL1—Rockledge I Building.

§ RKL2—Rockledge II Building.
2

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Office of the Director (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Planning, Architecture, Communication and 

Evaluation Branch

Acting Chief, Ralph Van Wey ...................................................... RKL1 6100 435–0116 7994

Ethics Office

Director, Nancy O’Hanlon, J.D.................................................... 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Ethics Coordinator, Kim Y. Brinson............................................. 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Ethics Coordinator, Hedy S. Tam.................................................. 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Office of Administrative Management

Director/Executive Officer, Donald P. Christoferson.................. 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Deputy Executive Officer, Timothy J. Wheeles........................... 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Administrative Officer, Rebecca Ellett-Tener ........................ 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Office of Freedom of Information and Privacy

Coordinator, Suzanne A. Freeman.......................................... RKL1 6070 496–9737 7957

Management Policy and Administrative Services Branch 

Chief, Marilyn G. Jackson ..................................................... 31 5A16 496–5931 2490 

Financial Management Branch

Chief, Sandra L. Gault. .......................................................... 31 5A34 496–4653 2490 

Extramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Loretta L. Barnes......................................................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Intramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Gary Unger................................................................... 10 7N220 451–0892 1670

Office of Workforce Management

Acting Chief, Timothy J. Wheeles.......................................... 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Office of Research Training and Minority Health

Director, Helena O. Mishoe, Ph.D., M.P.H. ................................ RKL2 9093C 451–5081 7913

Deputy Director, Chitra Krishnamurti, Ph.D............................. RKL2 9093C 451–5081 7913

Administrative Officer, James McKenzie ............................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Office of Science and Technology

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M........................................... 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Deputy Director, Barbara Liu, M.S. ............................................ 31 5A07 496–9899 2482

Administrative Officer, Rebecca Ellett-Tenner ...................... 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Program Studies and Reports Program

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. .................................... 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Science and Special Issues Program

Director, Barbara Liu, M.S..................................................... 31 5A07 496–9899 2482

Office of Public Liaison

Acting Director, Barbara Liu, M.S......................................... 31 5A07 496–9899 2482

Office of Technology Transfer and Development

Director, Lili M. Portilla............................................................... RKL1 6018 402–5579 7992

Administrative Officer, James McKenzie ............................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Division of Cardiovascular Diseases

Office of the Director 

Acting Director, Sonia I. Skarlatos, Ph.D.................................... RKL2 8124 435–0466 7940

Acting Deputy Director, Susan E. Old, Ph.D............................... RKL2 8132 435–0477 7940

Administrative Officer, Lisa A. Freeny ................................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Special Assistant for Clinical Studies, 

David Gordon, M.D., Ph.D. ................................................... RKL2 8134 435–0466 7940
3

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Research Training and Career Development Leader, 

Jane Scott, Sc.D....................................................................... RKL2 8138 435–0535 7940

Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch

Chief, Denis B. Buxton, Ph.D. ................................................ RKL2 8216 435–0504 7940

Deputy Chief, Vacant............................................................... RKL2 8214 435–0513 7940

Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease Branch

Chief, Michael J. Domanski, M.D.......................................... RKL2 8146 435–0550 7940

Deputy Chief, Momtaz Wassaf, Ph.D..................................... RKL2 8160 435–0550 7940

Heart Developmental and Structural Diseases Branch

Chief, Gail D. Pearson, M.D., Sc.D........................................ RKL2 8140 435–0510 7940

Deputy Chief, Charlene A. Schramm, Ph.D.......................... RKL2 8100 435–0510 7940

Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch

Chief, Alice M. Mascette, M.D............................................... RKL2 8170 435–0555 7940

Deputy Chief, David A. Lathrop, Ph.D.................................. RKL2 8174 435–0504 7940

Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch

Acting Chief, Eser E. Tolunay, Ph.D. .................................... RKL2 8116 435–0560 7940

Deputy Chief, Eser E. Tolunay, Ph.D..................................... RKL2 8120 435–0560 7940

Division of Lung Diseases

Office of the Director

Director, James P. Kiley, Ph.D. .................................................... RKL2 10042 435–0233 7952

Deputy Director, Vacant................................................................ RKL2 10042 435–0233 7952

Administrative Officer, Amy W. Sheetz .................................. RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Research Training and Career Development

Leader, Sandra Colombini-Hatch, M.D. ............................... RLK2 10042 435–0222 7952 

Leader, Ann E. Rothgeb.......................................................... RLK2 10042 435–0202 7952

Airway Biology and Disease Branch

Chief, Gail G. Weinmann, M.D.............................................. RKL2 10042 435–0202 7952

Lung Biology and Disease Branch

Chief, Dorothy B. Gail, Ph.D.................................................. RKL2 10042 435–0222 7952

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Director, Michael J. Twery, Ph.D. .......................................... RKL2 10042 435–0199 7952

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

Office of the Director

Director, Charles Peterson, M.D., M.B.A. .................................. RKL2 9136 435–0080 7950

Acting Deputy Director, George J. Nemo, Ph.D.......................... RKL2 9144 435–0080 7950

Administrative Officer, Amy W. Sheetz .................................. RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Research Training and Career Development

Leader, Traci H. Mondoro, Ph.D............................................ RKL2 9174 435–0065 7950

Leader, Rita Sarkar, Ph.D....................................................... RKL2 9161 435–0070 7950

Leader, Ellen M. Werner, Ph.D. ............................................. RKL2 9162 435–0050 7950

Leader, Henry Chang, M.D. ................................................... RKL2 9176 435–0080 7950

Blood Diseases Branch

Chief, Blaine Moore, Ph.D...................................................... RKL2 9164 435–0050 7950

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch

Acting Chief, Traci H. Mondoro, Ph.D.................................. RKL2 9174 435–0065 7950

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics Branch

Chief, Simone A. Glynn, M.D................................................. RKL2 9142 435–0078 7950
4

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Division of Prevention and Population Sciences

Office of the Director

Director, Michael S. Lauer, M.D.................................................. RKL2 10122 435–0422 7936 

Deputy Director, Diane E. Bild, M.D., M.P.H. ............................ RKL2 10120 435–0422 7936

Senior Scientific Advisor, Denise Simons-Morton, M.D., Ph.D. RKL2 10216 435–0384 7936

Administrative Officer, Stacey A. Long .................................. RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921 

Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch

Acting Chief, Lawrence J. Fine, M.D. ................................... RKL2 10100 435–0305 7936

Deputy Chief, Lawrence J. Fine, M.D. .................................. RKL2 10100 435–0305 7936 

Scientific Advisor, Peter G. Kaufmann, Ph.D. ...................... RKL2 10106 435–2467 7936

Epidemiology Branch

Chief, Paul D. Sorlie, Ph.D. .................................................... RKL2 10210 435–0707 7936

Deputy Chief, Jean L. Olson, M.D., M.P.H. .......................... RKL2 10190 435–0707 7936

Deputy Chief, Richard R. Fabsitz, Ph.D................................ RKL2 10204 435–0707 7936

Scientific Advisor, Phyliss D. Sholinsky, M.S.P.H................. RKL2 10206 435–0707 7936

Women’s Health Initiative Branch

Director, Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D......................................... 31 5A48 496–5166 2486

Chief, Jacques E. Rossouw, Ph.D........................................... RKL2 10214 402–2900 7936

Deputy Chief, Shari E. Ludlam, M.P.H................................. RKL2 10218 402–2900 7936 

Division for the Application of Research Discoveries

Director, Gregory J. Morosco, Ph.D., M.P.H. .................................. 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Administrative Officer, Rebecca Ellett-Tener.............................. 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Program Operations 

Senior Manager, Nancy J. Poole, M.B.A...................................... 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Branch

Chief, Rob Fulwood, Ph.D., M.S.P.H.......................................... 31 4A10 496–0554 2480

Health Communications and Social Marketing Branch

Acting Chief, Diane E. Striar....................................................... 31 4A10 496–0554 2480

Research Translation Branch

Acting Chief, Gregory J. Morosco, Ph.D., M.P.H. ..................... 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Division of Extramural Research Activities

Office of the Director

Director, Stephen C. Mockrin, Ph.D. .......................................... RKL2 7100 435–0260 7922

Deputy Director, Vacant................................................................ RKL2 7104 435–0260 7922

Chief of Staff, Janet George ................................................... RKL2 7220 435–0260 7922

Administrative Officer, Veronica M. VanWagner.................. RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921 

Office of Acquisitions

Director, John C. Taylor ............................................................... RKL2 6100 435–0330 7902

Deputy Director, Christopher J. Belt........................................... RKL2 6106 435–0330 7902

Blood Diseases and Resources Contracts Branch

Chief, Joanna Bursenos Magginas ........................................ RKL2 6136 435–0355 7902

Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases Contracts Branch

Chief, Pamela S. Lew.............................................................. RKL2 6016 435–0340 7902

Prevention and Population Sciences Contracts Branch

Chief, Paul D. McFarland ...................................................... RKL2 6126 435–0345 7902

Procurement Branch

Chief, Debra C. Hawkins........................................................ RKL2 6150 435–0366 7902
5

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Division of Extramural Research Activities (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Office of Committee Management 

Director, Kathryn M. Valeda ....................................................... RKL2 7110 435–0255 7922

Deputy Director, David Alperin.................................................... RLK2 7110 435–0255 7922

Office of Extramural Policy and Review

Director, Paul A. Velletri, Ph.D.................................................... RKL2 7218 435–0260 7922

Review Branch

Chief, Valerie L. Prenger, Ph.D.............................................. RKL2 7214 435–0270 7924 

Office of Grants Management

Director, Suzanne A. White.......................................................... RKL2 7160 435–0144 7926

Deputy Director, Raymond Zimmerman .................................... RKL2 7130 435–0144 7926

Blood Diseases and Resources Grants Management Branch

Chief, Robert Vinson, Jr. ........................................................ RKL2 7156 435–0166 7926

Cardiovascular Diseases Grants Management Branch

Chief, David Reiter ................................................................. RKL2 7172 435–0177 7926

Lung Diseases Grants Management Branch

Chief, Ryan C. Lombardi....................................................... RKL2 7154 435–0166 7926

Prevention and Population Sciences Grants

Management Branch

Chief, Teresa F. Marquette..................................................... RKL2 7128 435–0177 7926

Office of Staff Training and Communication

Director, Robert A. Musson, Ph.D............................................... RKL2 7210 435–0266 7922

Office of Strategic and Innovative Programs

Director, Susan E. Old, Ph.D. ...................................................... RKL2 8132 435–0477 7940

Division of Intramural Research

Office of the Director

Director, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D. ............................................. 10CRC* 4-1581 496–2116 1458

Deputy Director, Warren Leonard, M.D. .................................... 10 7N252 496–0098 1674

Intramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Gary Unger................................................................... 10 7N214 451–0892 1686

Office of the Scientific Director

Director, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D......................................... 10CRC 4-1581 496–2116 1458

Office of Education

Chief, Herbert Geller, Ph.D.................................................... 10 2N242 451–9440 1754

Imaging Probe Development Center

Director, Gary L. Griffins, Ph.D............................................. 9800 3042 217–5770 3372

Office of the Clinical Director

Director, Richard O. Cannon III, M.D.................................. 10CRC 5-3330 496–9895 1454

Hematology Branch

Chief, Neal Young, M.D. ......................................................... 10CRC 3-5140 496–5093 1202

FACs Core

Head, Philip McCoy, Ph.D. ............................................... 10 8C104 451–8824 1357

Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine Branch

Chief, Mark Gladwin, M.D. ................................................... 10CRC 5-5142 435–2310 1476

Genomics Core

Head, Nalini Raghavachari, Ph.D. ................................... 10 8C103B 435–2304 1754

Translational Medicine Branch

Chief, Toren Finkel, M.D., Ph.D. ........................................... 10CRC 5-3330 402–4081 1454

Deputy Chief, Joel Moss, M.D., Ph.D..................................... 10 6D03 496–1597 1590

* 10CRC──Building 10 Clinical Research Center
6

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Division of Intramural Research (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Biochemistry and Biophysics Center

Director, Boon Chock, Ph.D. .................................................. 50 2134 496–2073 8012

Cell Biology and Physiology Center

Director, Edward D. Korn, Ph.D............................................ 50 2517 496–1616 8017

Animal MRI/Imaging Core

Head, Stasia Anderson, Ph.D. ........................................... 10 2N240 401–0908 1518

Light Microscopy Core

Head, Christian Combs, Ph.D. ......................................... 10 6N309 496–3236 1623

Lipid Trafficking Core

Head, Edward Neufeld, Ph.D............................................ 10 5N107 496–5879 1424

Proteomics Core

Head, Rong-Fong Shen, Ph.D. .......................................... 10 8C213 594–1060 1597

Genetics and Development Biology Center

Director, Cecilia Lo, Ph.D....................................................... 10 6C103A 451–8041 1583

Electron Microscopy Core

Head, Mathew Daniels, Ph.D. ........................................... 50 3318 496–2898 8017

Pathology Core

Head, Zu-Xi Yu, Ph.D........................................................ 10 2N240 496–5035 1518

Transgenic Core

Head, Chengyu Liu, Ph.D. ................................................ 50 3305 435–5034 8018

Immunology Center

Director, Warren Leonard, M.D. ........................................... 10 7N252 496–0098 1674

Building 10 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 10, Room ____

10 Center Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

Rockledge II Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Two Rockledge Center, Room ____

6701 Rockledge Drive MSC*

 ____

Bethesda, MD 20817–MSC**

Building 31 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 31, Room ____

31 Center Drive MSC*

____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

Rockledge I Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

One Rockledge Center, Room ____

6705 Rockledge Drive MSC*

 ____

Bethesda, MD 20817–MSC**

Building 50 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 50, Room ____

50 South Drive MSC*

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

* Retain the letters MSC before adding the mail stop code number.

**Replace the letters MSC with the mail stop code number.

NIH Mailing Address Formats

NHLBI staff e-mail addresses can be found by using the NIH Directory and E-mail Forwarding Service located 

on the Internet at http://directory.nih.gov.

Please use the following formats for NIH mailing addresses:
7

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

2. Program Overview

The National Heart Institute (NHI) was established in 1948 through the National Heart Act with a 

mission to support research and training in the 

prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Twenty-four years later, through 

section 413 of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, 

Lung, and Blood Act (P.L. 92–423), Congress mandated the Institute to expand and coordinate its activities in an accelerated attack against heart, blood 

vessel, lung, and blood diseases. The renamed 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) 

expanded its scientific areas of interest and intensified its efforts related to research on diseases within 

its purview. Over the years, these areas of interest 

have grown to encompass genetic, genomic, and 

proteomic research, systems biology, sleep disorders, 

and the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI).

The mission of the NHLBI is to provide leadership for a national program in diseases of the heart, 

blood vessels, lung, and blood; sleep disorders; and 

blood resources management. The Institute:

• Plans, conducts, fosters, and supports an integrated and coordinated program of basic 

research, clinical investigations and trials, 

observational studies, and demonstration and 

education projects related to the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of heart, blood 

vessel, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders conducted in its own laboratories and by 

other scientific institutions and individuals supported by research grants and contracts.

• Plans and directs research in development and 

evaluation of interventions and devices related 

to the prevention of heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders and the treatment and 

rehabilitation of patients who suffer from them. 

• Conducts research on the clinical use of blood 

and all aspects of the management of blood 

resources.

• Supports career training and development of 

new and established researchers in fundamental 

sciences and clinical disciplines to enable them 

to conduct basic and clinical research related to 

heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; 

sleep disorders; and blood resources through 

individual and institutional research training 

awards and career development awards.

• Coordinates relevant activities with other 

research institutes and all Federal health 

programs in the above areas, including the 

causes of stroke.

• Conducts educational activities, including 

development and dissemination of materials for 

health professionals and the public in the above 

areas, with emphasis on prevention.

• Maintains continuing relationships with 

institutions and professional associations, and 

with international, national, state, and local 

officials, as well as voluntary agencies and 

organizations working in the above areas.

• Oversees management of the WHI.

Each year, the NHLBI assesses progress in the scientific areas for which it is responsible and updates 

its goals and objectives. As new opportunities are 

identified, the Institute expands and revises its areas 

of interest. Throughout the process, the approach 

used by the Institute is an orderly sequence of 

research activities that includes:

• Acquisition of knowledge

• Evaluation of knowledge

• Application of knowledge

• Dissemination of knowledge.

In 2007, the NHLBI released the Strategic Plan: 

A Scientific Blueprint for the Next Decade, which is 

intended to guide the Institute in its research and 

training programs over the next 5 to 10 years. Its 

goals reflect the successive movement of scientific 

discovery from “form to function,” “function to 

causes,” and “causes to cures.” They focus on questions and processes that are broadly applicable to the 
8

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Institute’s mandate, rather than on any specific disease or 

condition. The goals are:

• To increase understanding of the molecular and 

physiological basis of health and disease and use 

that understanding to improve diagnosis, treatment, 

and prevention.

• To improve understanding of the clinical mechanisms of disease and thereby enable better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

• To translate research into practice for the benefit of 

personal and public health.

During the past year, the Institute continued to restructure its organization to improve the Institute’s ability to 

serve as an international leader through support of innovative research in heart, lung, blood, and sleep research. 

The reorganization strengthened scientific coordination 

by seeking specialized depth in specific disease areas, 

integrating basic research and clinical trials components, 

emphasizing prevention, and fostering population 

sciences.

Education outreach was a major area to undergo 

reorganization. Through the Office of Prevention, 

Education, and Control (OPEC), the NHLBI has had a 

long history of establishing and maintaining educational 

outreach programs to fulfill its Congressional mandate to 

translate and disseminate science-based information to 

professional, patient, and public audiences. In an effort 

to enhance the visibility and effectiveness of this mandated function, the NHLBI Director established the 

Division for the Application of Research Discoveries 

(DARD), replacing the OPEC. The DARD provides 

leadership for the vigorous pursuit of excellence in 

national and international research translation, dissemination, and utilization programs to speed the application 

of scientific advances in prevention, detection, and treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and to 

reduce the discovery–delivery gap. Through knowledge 

networks, education programs, community outreach, 

conferences, and symposia, the DARD fosters communication and collaboration among researchers, clinical and 

public health practitioners, patients, and the general 

public.

NHLBI Programs

The programs of the NHLBI, as shown on page 9, 

are implemented through five extramural units:

• Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (DCVD)

• Division of Lung Diseases (DLD)

• Division of Blood Diseases and Resources (DBDR)

• Division of Prevention and Population Sciences 

(DPPS)

• Division for the Application of Research 

Discoveries

and one intramural unit:

• Division of Intramural Research (DIR)

The extramural divisions use a variety of funding mechanisms, such as research grants, cooperative 

agreements, program project grants, Small Business 

Innovation Research (SBIR) grants, Small Business 

Technology Transfer (STTR) grants, Specialized Centers 

of Research (SCOR) and Specialized Centers of 

Clinically Oriented Research (SCCOR) grants, comprehensive center grants, contracts, and research training 

and career development programs.

Descriptions of the Divisions follow.

Division of Cardiovascular Diseases

The DCVD provides leadership for a national and 

international extramural program in CVD that integrates 

basic science and clinical research, including translational research, networks, and multicenter clinical trials. 

It designs, conducts, supports, and oversees research on 

the causes and prevention and treatment of diseases and 

disorders such as atherothrombosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and ischemia, heart failure, 

arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death, adult and pediatric 

congenital heart disease, cardiovascular complications of 

diabetes and obesity, and hypertension. It also supports 

and oversees research in vascular medicine and biology 

and valvular, cerebral, renal, peripheral, and other cardiovascular disorders. The DCVD fosters biotechnological 

research in genomics, proteomics, nanotechnology, 

imaging, device development, cell- and tissue-based
 9 

 NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

 Chapter 2. Program Overview 

 Programs Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

 Cardiovascular Diseases 

 Advanced Technologies and 

Surgery 

 Diagnostics Development

 Emerging Therapeutics 

 Enabling Technologies 

 Surgery Advances

 Atherothrombosis and Coronary 

Artery Disease

 Acute and Chronic Coronary 

Syndromes

 Acute and Silent Ischemia

 Angina

 Atherothrombosis

 Coronary Artery Disease

 Myocardial Infarction

 Revascularization

 Heart Development and 

Structural Disease

 Adult Congenital Disease

 Cardiac Immunology and Infection

 Cardiovascular Development

 Heart Transplantation

 Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease

 Valvular Heart Disease

 Heart Failure and Arrhythmias

 Arrhythmias

 Heart Failure

 Myocardial Protection

 Resuscitation 

 Sudden Cardiac Death

 Vascular Biology and Hypertension

 Aneurysms 

 Cerebrovascular Disease

 Hypertension

 Lymphatic Diseases

 Peripheral Vascular Disease

 Renal Vascular Disease

 Vascular Biology

 Vascular Development and 

Angiogenesis 

Lung Diseases 

 Airway Biology and Disease 

 Asthma 

 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary 

Disease (COPD)/Environmental 

Lung Diseases 

 Cystic Fibrosis (CF) 

 Genetics, Genomics, and 

Biotechnology

 Lung Biology and Disease 

 Acquired Immunodefi ciency 

Syndrome (AIDS) and 

Tuberculosis (TB) 

 Critical Care and Acute Lung 

Injury 

 Developmental Biology 

and Pediatric Lung Disease

 Immunology and Fibrosis

 Lung Cell and Vascular Biology

 National Center on Sleep 

Disorders Research 

 Sleep Disorders and Related 

Conditions

 Blood Diseases and Resources 

 Blood Diseases 

 Anemias

 Erythropoiesis 

 Malaria

 Red Cells 

 Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) 

 Thalassemia 

 Thrombosis and Hemostasis 

 Hematologic Immune Disorders 

 Hemophilia and Other Bleeding 

Disorders 

 Hemostasis

 Immunity and Infl ammation

 Thrombosis 

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular 

Therapeutics 

 Hematopoietic Stem Cell 

Transplantation 

 Immune Defi ciencies, Reconstitution, 

Response, and Tolerance 

 Myelodysplasia, Marrow Failure, and 

Myeloproliferative Disorders 

 Novel Cellular Therapies for Repair 

and Regeneration 

 Stem Cell Biology 

 Transfusion Medicine Use, Safety, 

and Availability of Blood and 

Blood Components 

Prevention and Population 

Sciences 

 Clinical Applications and 

Prevention 

 Behavioral Medicine and Prevention 

 Clinical Prevention and Translation 

 Epidemiology 

 Analytical Resources

 Field Studies and Clinical 

Epidemiology 

 Genetic Epidemiology 

 Women’s Health Initiative 

Hormone Therapy Trial

Dietary Modifi cation Trial

Calcium and Vitamin D Trial

Observational Study

Application of Research 

Discoveries

Research Translation Branch

Research Translation

Research Opportunities Identifi cation

Clinical Guidelines

Clinical Support and Implementation 

Applications

Knowledge Exchange Networks

Enhanced Dissemination and 

Utilization Branch

Research Dissemination 

Research Utilization

Data Analysis and Evaluation

Health Communications and Social 

Marketing Branch

Health Communication Strategies

Social Marketing

Media Relations

NHLBI Health Information Center

 Intramural Research 

 Clinical Research

 Cardiothoracic Surgery

 Hematology

 Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine

 Translational Medicine

 Laboratory Research

 Biochemistry and Biophysics 

 Cell Biology and Physiology 

 Genetics and Development Biology

 Immunology 

 
10

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

therapeutics, and gene therapy and in their uses as they 

relate to CVD. It also supports training and career development programs in cardiovascular research at all educational levels from high school students to academic 

faculty, including programs for individuals from diverse 

populations. SCCORs support clinical collaborative 

research in cardiac dysfunction and disease; pediatric 

heart development and disease; and vascular injury, 

repair, and remodeling.

The Division is organized into the five branches and 

one office described below.

Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch

The Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch conducts and manages an integrated basic and clinical 

research program to study innovative and developing 

technologies for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment 

of CVD. It promotes opportunities to translate promising scientific and technological advances from discovery 

through preclinical studies to clinical trials. The Branch 

supports the following areas:

• Diagnostics: proteomic, genomic, and other biomarker technologies and imaging modalities/agents 

to identify CVD and guide therapy.

• Therapeutics: tissue-, cell-, and gene-based therapies; regenerative and reparative medicine; imageguided therapies; and devices for circulatory and 

cardiac support and repair.

• Surgery: improved surgical and image-guided 

approaches and evidence-based clinical research to 

advance promising new cardiovascular therapies, 

technologies, and surgical practices into clinical use.

• Enabling Technologies: bioinformatics, computational and systems biology, bioengineering, nanotechnology, materials research, and personalized 

medicine.

Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease 

Branch

The Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease 

Branch conducts and manages an integrated basic and 

clinical research program to study the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of coronary 

artery disease and atherothrombosis. It promotes opportunities to translate promising scientific and technological advances from discovery through preclinical studies 

to networks and multisite clinical trials. The Branch supports the following areas:

• Atherothrombosis: initiation, progression, and 

regression of atherosclerotic lesions in coronary 

arteries and other arterial beds; lesion instability 

and thrombosis; risk factor mechanisms; interaction of lipid fractions and other systemic and 

humoral factors with the arterial wall; biomarker 

and imaging diagnostics to quantify atherosclerotic 

disease and its progression; vulnerable plaques and 

vulnerable patients; and diabetes, obesity, other 

metabolic disorders, and diet and exercise related 

to atherothrombosis.

• Coronary Artery Disease: acute and chronic coronary syndromes—including myocardial infarction, 

acute ischemia and related events, angina, and silent 

ischemia—and percutaneous and surgical revascularization of stenotic and restenotic coronary lesions.

Heart Development and Structural Diseases Branch

The Heart Development and Structural Diseases 

Branch conducts and manages an integrated basic and 

clinical research program to study normal and abnormal 

cardiovascular development. It also oversees research 

related to the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric and adult structural heart 

disease. Within the NHLBI and the NIH, the Branch is a 

focal point for coordination of activities and development 

of educational materials related to clinical research on 

pediatric CVD. It promotes opportunities to translate 

promising scientific and technological advances from 

discovery through preclinical studies to network and 

multisite clinical trials. The Branch supports the following areas:

• Heart Development: normal and abnormal cardiovascular development, molecular and genetic 

etiology of cardiovascular malformations, cardiomyogenic differentiation of stem cells, and gene–

environment interactions in development of 

congenital heart disease.

• Structural Disease: congenital heart disease from 

embryology through adulthood, valve disease and 

determinants of degeneration, myocardial response 

to valvular disease, neurodevelopmental outcome in 

congenital heart disease, exercise physiology in congenital heart disease, pediatric cardiomyopathy and 

heart transplantation, and pediatric cardiac inflammation and infection.
11

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch

The Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch conducts 

and manages an integrated basic and clinical research 

program to study normal cardiac function and pathogenesis to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 

heart failure and arrhythmias. It promotes opportunities 

to translate promising scientific and technological 

advances from discovery through preclinical studies to 

multisite and network clinical trials. The Branch supports the following areas:

• Heart Failure: devices and medical and cell-based 

therapies targeting heart failure, myocardial protection, and pathogenesis and treatment of heart failure 

and cardiomyopathies.

• Arrhythmias: arrhythmogenesis, genetic and environmental bases of normal cardiac electrical activity 

and arrhythmias, etiology of rare and common 

arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death.

• Myocardial Protection: myocardial preconditioning, 

amelioration and prevention of myocardial stunning 

and hibernation, and protection from ischemic/

reperfusion injury.

• Resuscitation Science: mechanisms and management of clinical and experimental pathophysiologic 

states of whole body oxygen deprivation; systemic 

hypovolemia and resulting multiorgan failure; organ 

preservation; and cell, tissue, and organ protection 

during cardiac arrest and traumatic shock.

Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch

The Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch conducts and manages an integrated basic and clinical, extramural, research program to investigate vascular biology 

and the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and 

treatment of hypertension and vascular diseases. It 

promotes opportunities to translate promising scientific 

and technological advances from discovery through preclinical studies to networks and multisite clinical trials. 

The Branch supports the following areas:

• Vascular Biology: biology of the vascular wall; 

vascular biology (related to hypertension; cerebrovascular, renal, and peripheral vascular disease; 

aneurysms; and lymphatic diseases); development 

of arteries, veins, lymphatics, and microcirculation; 

and angiogenesis.

• Vascular Medicine: aneurysms and cerebrovascular, 

renal, and peripheral vascular disease.

• Hypertension: blood pressure regulation including 

central, renal, and vascular control and cerebrovascular disease resulting from high blood pressure.

Office of Research Training and Career Development 

The Office of Research Training and Career 

Development supports training and career development 

programs in cardiovascular research, offering opportunities to individuals at all educational levels from high 

school students to academic faculty, including programs 

for individuals from diverse populations. The programs 

promote opportunities for investigators—who are early 

in their research careers and under mentorship from 

senior scientists—to perform basic, preclinical, or 

clinical cardiovascular research and to take emerging and 

promising scientific and technological advances from 

discovery through preclinical and clinical studies. The 

Office also collaborates with the scientific community 

and professional organizations to ensure that training 

programs meet the current and future needs of the cardiovascular research workforce. The Office supports the 

following programs:

• Institutional and individual research training programs and fellowships for training of promising 

cardiovascular scientists at the predoctoral, 

postdoctoral, junior faculty, and established 

investigator levels.

• Diversity supplements to ongoing research grants 

for support of young investigators from diverse 

backgrounds, from the high school to the junior 

faculty level.

• The Pathway to Independence Program, which 

allows the recipient to bridge the gap between a 

career development award and a research award.

• Career development programs specifically designed 

for clinical research or for minority researchers and 

institutions.

Division of Lung Diseases

The DLD plans and directs a coordinated research 

program on the causes, progression, diagnosis, treatment, 

and prevention of lung diseases and sleep disorders. It 

supports basic research, clinical trials, national pulmonary centers, technological development, and application of research findings. The Division focuses on the 

biology and function of the respiratory system, fundamental mechanisms associated with specific pulmonary 
12

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

disorders, and development of new treatment strategies 

for patients. SCORs support collaborative studies on 

airway biology and pathogenesis of CF and neurobiology 

of sleep and sleep apnea. SCCORs support collaborative 

studies on translational research in acute lung injury, 

COPD, pulmonary vascular disease, and host factors in 

chronic lung diseases.

The Division also supports (a) demonstration and dissemination projects to transfer basic research and clinical 

findings to health care professionals and patients and 

(b) training and career development programs for individuals interested in furthering their professional abilities 

in lung diseases research. The DLD, through the 

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, coordinates sleep research activities across NIH, other Federal 

Agencies, and outside organizations.

The Division is organized into the three major 

branches described below. 

Airway Biology and Disease Branch 

The Airway Biology and Disease Branch supports 

research and research training in asthma, COPD, CF, and 

airway function in health and disease. Basic research 

focuses on elucidating the genetics, etiology, and 

pathophysiology of the diseases. Clinical studies focus 

on improving asthma management; reducing health disparities in asthma; improving COPD treatment and management; and developing genetic, pharmacologic, and 

nonpharmacologic (e.g., gene transfer) treatments for CF.

Lung Biology and Disease Branch

The Lung Biology and Disease Branch supports 

research, education, and training programs in lung cell 

and vascular biology; developmental biology and pediatric lung diseases; acute lung injury and critical care medicine; and interstitial lung diseases and lung immunology 

including pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and pulmonary manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus 

(HIV)/AIDS and associated infections, with emphasis on 

active and latent TB and drug-resistant TB. Basic 

research focuses on lung development and cell biology, 

including stem cell biology and cell-based therapies, and 

mechanisms of disease etiology and pathogenesis. 

Clinical studies focus on evaluating innovative therapies 

for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary fibrosis, neonatal lung disease, pulmonary embolism, and pulmonary hypertension. 

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

The National Center on Sleep Disorders Research 

(NCSDR) plans, directs, and supports basic, clinical, and 

applied research, health education, and training in sleep 

and sleep disorders. It oversees developments in its program areas; assesses the national needs for research on 

causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sleep disorders and sleepiness; and coordinates sleep research 

activities across several Federal Government Agencies 

and with professional, voluntary, and private organizations. The Center promotes information sharing and 

coordinates implementation of inter-Agency programs.

The NHLBI sleep research program seeks to understand the molecular, genetic, and physiological regulation 

of sleep and the relationship of sleep disorders to CVD. 

It also supports efforts to understand the relationships of 

sleep restriction and sleep-disordered breathing to the 

metabolic syndrome, including obesity, high blood pressure and stroke, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and 

vascular inflammation. Ongoing NHLBI-funded 

research projects include elucidating the etiology and 

pathogenesis of sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea; 

determining the role of sleep apnea in CVD and cerebrovascular disease; examining sleep and sleep disorders 

across the lifespan; and identifying new animal models 

of sleep disorders.

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

The DBDR plans and directs research and research 

training on the causes, treatment, and prevention of blood 

diseases and disorders. Areas of interest encompass a 

broad spectrum of research, from stem cell biology to 

medical management of blood diseases, with a focus on 

nonmalignant and premalignant processes. The Division 

has a leading role in developing cell-based therapies, 

combining the expertise of transfusion medicine and 

stem cell technology with the exploration of repair and 

regeneration of human tissues and biological systems. 

SCCORs and other specialized centers support collaborative clinical research in hemostatic and thrombotic diseases, transfusion biology and medicine, SCD, and 

cell-based therapy for blood diseases. Clinical networks 

support collaborative clinical research in rare diseases, 

bone marrow transplantation, and transfusion medicine/

hemostasis. The DBDR also has a major responsibility 

to improve the adequacy and safety of the Nation’s blood 

supply.
 13 

 NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

 Chapter 2. Program Overview 

 The Division is organized into the three major 

branches described below.

 Blood Diseases Branch

 The Blood Diseases Branch supports research and 

research training in nonmalignant disorders of the 

hematopoietic system, including SCD and thalassemia. 

Attention is focused on reducing morbidity and mortality 

caused by the disorders and preventing their occurrence.

 Research in SCD and thalassemia ranges from elucidating their etiology and pathophysiology to improving 

disease treatment and management. Areas of emphasis 

include genetics, regulation of hemoglobin synthesis, 

iron chelation, development of drugs to increase fetal 

hemoglobin production, and gene therapy. Developing 

animal models for preclinical studies is another area of 

interest. Clinical studies in SCD are investigating stroke 

prevention and the long-term effects of hydroxyurea 

therapy. A Phase III clinical trial is determining whether 

hydroxyurea is effective in preventing chronic end-organ 

damage in children with SCD.

 The Branch oversees a program of Comprehensive 

Sickle Cell Centers. The Centers conduct basic and collaborative clinical research and provide state-of-the-art 

patient care, educational activities for patients and 

health professionals, community outreach, and genetic 

counseling services.

 Clinical networks in thalassemia and SCD are evaluating new treatment strategies and ensuring that 

research findings on optimal management of the disease 

are rapidly disseminated to practitioners and health care 

professionals.

 Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch

 The Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch supports 

research and research training in hemostasis, thrombosis, 

and endothelial cell biology. It oversees a comprehensive program of basic research, clinical studies, and technology development that focuses on understanding the 

pathogenesis of arterial and venous thrombosis to 

improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of 

thrombosis in heart attack, stroke, and peripheral vascular diseases. A major goal is to find additional platelet 

inhibitors, anticoagulants, and fibrinolytic agents that 

will improve specificity and reduce side effects when 

used in treatment of thrombotic and thromboembolic 

disorders.

 The Branch also supports research on bleeding disorders (e.g., hemophilia and von Willebrand disease) and 

immune disorders (e.g., idiopathic thrombocytopenic 

purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and systemic lupus erythematosus). Emerging areas of interest 

are gene transfer; clinical proteomics; inflammation and 

thrombosis; stroke; coagulation activation; autoimmune 

disease; and thrombotic complications of obesity, diabetes, and cancer.

 Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics 

Branch

 The Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics 

Branch plans and directs research and research training in 

transfusion medicine, stem cell biology and disease, and 

clinical cellular medicine. It supports research on the 

use, safety, and availability of blood and blood components for transfusion and cellular therapies. Research 

areas include transmission of disease, noninfectious com -

plications of transfusions, immunobiology, cell biology 

and disease, cell-based therapies, hematopoietic stem cell 

transplantation, and overall product availability.

 The Branch develops programs for basic and clinical 

research related to normal and abnormal cellular biology 

and pathology. It also collaborates with governmental, 

private sector, and international organizations to improve 

the safety and availability of the global supply of blood 

and blood components. 

 Division of Prevention and Population Sciences

 The DPPS supports and provides leadership for 

population- and clinic-based research on the causes, prevention, and clinical care of cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders. Research includes a 

broad array of epidemiological studies to describe disease and risk factor patterns in populations and to identify risk factors for disease; clinical trials of interventions 

to prevent disease; studies of genetic, behavioral, sociocultural, and environmental influences on disease risk 

and outcomes; and studies of the application of prevention and treatment strategies to determine how to 

improve clinical care and public health. The Division 

also supports training and career development for these 

areas of research.

 The Division is organized into the three major 

branches described below.
 14 

 NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

 Chapter 2. Program Overview 

 Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch

 The Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch 

supports, designs, and conducts research and supports 

training on behavioral, environmental, clinical, and 

health care approaches to reduce occurrence and consequences of CVD. Prevention research examines effects 

of interventions to slow or halt risk factors or disease 

development or progression. Interventions use high-risk 

individual and population approaches, including medications, behavioral strategies, and environmental change. 

Studies examine lifestyle, nutrition and exercise, psychological and sociocultural factors, and environmental and 

genetic influences relevant to prevention. Clinical application research examines approaches to improve health 

care delivery and patient outcomes. Studies include 

clinical and community trials and selected observational 

studies.

 Epidemiology Branch

 The Epidemiology Branch supports, designs, and conducts research and supports training in the epidemiology 

of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders. Studies are conducted to identify temporal trends 

and population patterns in the prevalence, incidence, 

morbidity, and mortality from the diseases and include 

single- and multicenter observational epidemiology studies of development, progression, and treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders. 

Studies identify environmental, lifestyle, physiological, 

and genetic risk factors for disease and risk factor development including characterization of gene–gene and 

gene–environment interactions. The Branch also distributes data from all eligible NHLBI studies to researchers 

as a national data resource and adheres to guidelines that 

protect participant privacy and confidentiality.

 Women’s Health Initiative Branch

 The Women’s Health Initiative Branch supports clinical trials and observational studies to improve the understanding of the causes and prevention of major diseases 

affecting the health of women. Current studies focus on 

CVD, cancer, and fractures, in collaboration with 

National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute of 

Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases 

(NIAMS), National Institute of Aging (NIA), National 

Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), 

and Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH). 

Large multicenter observational epidemiology studies 

seek to identify risk markers for disease or better quantify known markers by using data from questionnaires, 

clin ical examinations, and laboratory analyses. The 

long-term clinical trials test promising but unproven 

interventions—such as hormone therapy, diet, and 

supplements to prevent major diseases—and evaluate 

overall effects on health. The Branch has established an 

infrastructure to support the use of data and blood 

samples from the studies by the scientific community.

 Division of Intramural Research

 The DIR conducts laboratory and clinical research in 

heart, vascular, lung, blood, and kidney diseases and 

develops technology related to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Areas of interest include the biology 

of experimental and clinical arteriosclerosis and its manifestations; pathophysiology of hypertensive vascular disease; functions of the lung; clinical and experimental 

studies on physiologic and pharmacologic aspects of 

heart, lung, and blood diseases; and a broad program of 

other basic research and technical developments related 

to them.

 The DIR includes the following four centers and four 

branches:

 Biochemistry and Biophysics Center

 The Biochemistry and Biophysics Center develops a 

global view of the molecular basis of structure–function 

relationships of proteins and biologically relevant molecules. It performs state-of-the-art nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy studies of protein struc ture 

and functional interactions, develops mathematical tools 

for generating theoretical models of protein structure–

function relationships, elucidates the mechanisms of 

enzyme function, and investigates the relationship 

between protein structure–function and cell signaling 

pathways.

 Cell Biology and Physiology Center

 The Cell Biology and Physiology Center develops a 

global view of the mechanisms that regulate cellular 

function and physiology. It evaluates the mechanisms 

that control different molecular machines within the 

cytosol, including those involved in muscle contraction 

and cytosolic and membrane transport processes. The 

Center studies cellular signaling events associated with 
 15 

 NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

 Chapter 2. Program Overview 

hormone action, cytosolic trafficking, and energy 

metabolism; investigates the role of cellular processes 

on function and adaptation in whole-animal model 

systems; and develops unique measuring devices for 

studying biochemical and physiological processes in 

intact cells, whole animals, and clinical situations.

 Genetics and Development Biology Center

 The Genetics and Development Biology Center develops a global view of the mechanisms that regulate cardiovascular development and the etiology of congenital 

heart anomalies and CVD. It evaluates the function of 

specific genes and transcription factors in the development of the heart and other tissues, develops techniques 

and approaches for gene delivery and gene therapy in 

model systems, and works toward a better understanding 

of basic processes involved in regulating and interpreting 

the genetic code in development and disease.

 Immunology Center

 The Immunology Center develops a global view of the 

molecular basis of immune processes. It studies the 

intracellular and signaling processes involved in the activation of lymphocytes and mast cells, investigates the 

mechanisms by which drugs and other agents result in 

allergic–autoimmune reactions, and relates the results to 

the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic 

approaches in human.

 Translational Medicine Branch

 The Translational Medicine Branch conducts biomedical research directed at defining at the molecular level, 

normal and abnormal biologic function. It develops 

diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for the treatment 

and understanding of CVD and implements mechanismbased clinical studies centered on innovative discoveries 

and observations from inside and outside of the Branch.

 Hematology Branch

 The Hematology Branch conducts basic and clinical 

research on normal and abnormal hematopoiesis. Areas 

of interest include bone marrow failure, viral infections 

of hematopoietic cells, gene therapy of hematologic and 

malignant diseases, bone marrow transplantation, and 

mechanisms of immunologically mediated syndromes 

such as graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune 

diseases.

 Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine Branch

 The Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine Branch conducts research on the lung, heart, and systemic vasculature directed at defining—at the molecular, biochemical, 

and functional levels—normal physiological function 

and novel mechanisms of disease. It conducts research 

in emerging diseases of the lung characterized by 

unknown etiology and molecular pathogenesis. Areas of 

interest include lung diseases in blacks such as sickle 

cell lung disease and sarcoidosis; the role of nitric oxide, 

nitrite, gender, preconditioning and mitochondrial function on the modulation of ischemia and reperfusion 

injury of the heart and lung; and translational study and 

drug development for therapeutic modulation of vascular, 

pulmonary, and cardiac cellular and molecular dysfunction in diseases of the lung and heart.

 Division for the Application of Research 

Discoveries

 The DARD coordinates the translation and dissemination of research findings and scientific consensus to 

health professionals, patients, and the public, so that 

information can be adapted for, and integrated into, 

health care practice and individual health behavior. 

Special attention is given to eliminate health disparities 

among high-risk, low-income, and minority populations.

 The Division is organized into the three branches 

described below.

 Research Translation Branch

 The Research Translation Branch fosters the rapid 

translation of emergent knowledge into practice by synthesizing and organizing evidence around priority diseases and conditions and identifies knowledge gaps that 

need to be addressed by future research. It promotes the 

use of evidence-based reviews and develops or facilitates 

the development of clinical guidelines with relevant 

stakeholders. Additionally, it develops support for clinical decisions and other innovative implementation applications for use in clinical and public health practice 

settings. Through the use of knowledge networks and 

other strat egies, it enables researchers and users of 

research to discuss issues of research applicability, relevance, and utility that may offer guidance to future 

research needs and opportunities.
16

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Branch

The Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Branch 

collects, synthesizes, and communicates new knowledge 

and recommendations for dissemination and utilization 

of research-based findings to diverse target audiences, 

including minority and underserved groups. It provides 

technical assistance and information resources to enhance 

NHLBI grantees’ dissemination plans and practices and 

accelerates the speed with which evidence-based tools 

and education programs move into community practice 

settings. Additionally, it establishes community-based 

Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Centers committed to applying and evaluating the impact of the latest 

research advanced in multiple settings to achieve the U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) 

Healthy People goals and to eliminate health disparities. 

The Branch evaluates the effectiveness of its 

dissemination and utilization activities so that it can 

apply lessons learned to future programs.

Health Communications and Social Marketing Branch

The Health Communications and Social Marketing 

Branch supports communication of health information to 

health care professionals, patients, and the public. Using 

results of the latest communications and social marketing 

research, the Branch plans health communications strategies and develops consumer messages and public education campaigns. It develops and maintains media 

relations and communicates research and educational 

messages through multiple media channels. In addition, 

the Branch operates the NHLBI Health Information 

Center to respond to professional and public inquiries 

and to develop and market publications and online information to health care providers and the public. The 

Center also manages NHLBI exhibit programs.
17

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

June 16, 1948. President Harry S. Truman signs 

the National Heart Act, creating the NHI in the 

Public Health Service (PHS), with the National 

Advisory Heart Council as its advisory body.

July 7, 1948. Dr. Paul Dudley White is selected 

to be “Executive Director of the National Advisory 

Heart Council and Chief Medical Advisor to the 

National Heart Institute” under section 4b of the 

National Heart Act.

August 1, 1948. The NHI is established as an 

institute of the NIH by Surgeon General Leonard 

A. Scheele. As legislated in the National Heart Act, 

the NHI assumes responsibility for heart research, 

training, and administration. Intramural research 

projects in CVD and gerontology conducted elsewhere in the NIH are transferred to the NHI. The 

Director of the NHI assumes all leadership for the 

total PHS heart program. Dr. Cassius J. Van Slyke 

is appointed as the first Director of the NHI.

August 29, 1948. Surgeon General Scheele 

announces the membership of the first National 

Advisory Heart Council. Varying terms of membership for the 16-member Council commence 

September 1.

September 8, 1948. The National Advisory 

Heart Council holds its first meeting.

January 1949. Cooperative Research Units are 

established at four institutions: the University of 

California, the University of Minnesota, Tulane 

University, and Massachusetts General Hospital. 

Pending completion of the NHI’s own research 

organization and facilities, the Units are jointly 

financed by the NIH and the institutions.

July 1, 1949. The NHI Intramural Research 

Program is established and organized on three general research levels consisting of three laboratory 

sections, five laboratory–clinical sections, and four 

clinical sections. The Heart Disease Epidemiology 

Study at Framingham, Massachusetts, is transferred 

from the Bureau of State Services, PHS, to the NHI.

3. Important Events

January 18–20, 1950. The NHI and the American Heart Association jointly sponsor the first 

National Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases to 

summarize current knowledge and to make recommendations concerning further progress against heart 

and blood vessel diseases.

December 1, 1952. Dr. James Watt is appointed 

Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Van Slyke, who 

is appointed Associate Director of the NIH.

July 6, 1953. The Clinical Center admits its first 

patient for heart disease research.

July 1, 1957. The first members of the NHI 

Board of Scientific Counselors begin their terms. 

The Board was established in 1956 “to provide 

advice on matters of general policy, particularly 

from a long-range viewpoint, as they relate to the 

intramural research program.”

February 19, 1959. The American Heart 

Association and the NHI present a report to 

the Nation—A Decade of Progress Against 

Cardiovascular Disease.

April 21, 1961. The President’s Conference on 

Heart Disease and Cancer, whose participants on 

March 15 were requested by President John F. 

Kennedy to assist “in charting the Government’s 

further role in a national attack on these diseases,” 

convenes at the White House and submits its report.

September 11, 1961. Dr. Ralph E. Knutti is 

appointed Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Watt, 

who becomes head of international activities for the 

PHS.

December 30, 1963. February is designated as 

“American Heart Month” by a unanimous joint resolution of Congress with approval from President 

Lyndon B. Johnson.

November 22–24, 1964. The Second National 

Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases, cosponsored by the American Heart Association, the NHI, 
18

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

and the Heart Disease Control Program of the PHS, is 

held to evaluate progress since the 1950 Conference and 

to assess needs and goals for continued and accelerated 

growth against heart and blood vessel diseases.

December 9, 1964. The President’s Commission on 

Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke, appointed by 

President Johnson on March 7, 1964, submits its report 

to “recommend steps that can be taken to reduce the burden and incidence of these diseases.”

August 1, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart assumes the 

Directorship of the NHI upon Dr. Knutti’s retirement.

September 24, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart, NHI 

Director, is named Surgeon General of the PHS.

October 6, 1965. In FY 1966, Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 89–199) allocates funds to implement 

the recommendations of the President’s Commission on 

Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke that are within existing legislative authorities. The NHI is given $5.05 million for new clinical training programs, additional 

graduate training grants, cardiovascular clinical research 

centers on cerebrovascular disease and thrombotic and 

hemorrhagic disorders, and planning grants for future 

specialized cardiovascular centers.

March 8, 1966. Dr. Robert P. Grant succeeds 

Dr. Stewart as Director of the NHI. Dr. Grant serves 

until his death on August 15, 1966.

November 6, 1966. Dr. Donald S. Fredrickson is 

appointed Director of the NHI.

March 15, 1968. Dr. Theodore Cooper succeeds 

Dr. Fredrickson as Director of the NHI, the latter electing 

to return to research activities with the Institute.

October 16, 1968. Dr. Marshall W. Nirenberg is 

awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 

discovering the key to deciphering the genetic code. 

Dr. Nirenberg, chief of the NHI Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, is the first Nobel Laureate at the NIH and 

the first Federal employee to receive a Nobel Prize.

October 26, 1968. The NHI receives the National 

Hemophilia Foundation’s Research and Scientific 

Achievement Award for its “medical leadership . . . , 

tremendous stimulation and support of research 

activities directly related to the study and treatment of 

hemophilia.”

November 14, 1968. The 20th anniversary of the 

NHI is commemorated at the White House under the 

auspices of President Johnson and other distinguished 

guests.

August 12, 1969. A major NHI reorganization plan 

creates five program branches along disease category 

lines in extramural programs (arteriosclerotic disease, 

cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, hypertension and 

kidney diseases, and thrombotic and hemorrhagic diseases); a Therapeutic Evaluations Branch and an 

Epidemiology Branch under the Associate Director for 

Clinical Applications; and three offices in the Office of 

the Director (heart information, program planning, and 

administrative management).

November 10, 1969. The NHI is redesignated by the 

Secretary, Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), as the 

National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), reflecting a 

broadening scope of its functions.

February 18, 1971. President Richard M. Nixon’s 

Health Message to Congress identifies sickle cell anemia 

as a high-priority disease and calls for increased Federal 

expenditures. The Assistant Secretary for Health and 

Scientific Affairs, HEW, is assigned lead-Agency responsibility for coordination of the National Sickle Cell 

Disease Program at the NIH and NHLI.

June 1971. The Task Force on Arteriosclerosis, convened by Dr. Cooper, presents its report. Volume I 

addresses general aspects of the problem and presents the 

major conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical 

language. Volume II contains technical information on 

the state of knowledge and conclusions and recommendations in each of the following areas: atherogenesis, 

presymptomatic atherosclerosis, overt atherosclerosis, 

and rehabilitation.

May 16, 1972. The National Sickle Cell Anemia 

Control Act (P.L. 92–294) provides for a national diagnosis, control, treatment, and research program. The Act 

does not mention the NHLI but has special pertinence 

because the Institute has been designated to coordinate 

the National Sickle Cell Disease Program.

June 12, 1972. Elliot Richardson, Secretary, HEW, 

approves a nationwide program for high blood pressure 

information and education and appoints two committees 

to implement the program: the Hypertension Information 

and Education Advisory Committee, chaired by the 

Director, NIH, and the Interagency Working Group, 
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

chaired by the Director, NHLI. A High Blood Pressure 

Information Center is established within the NHLI Office 

of Information to collect and disseminate public and 

professional information about the disease.

July 1972. The NHLI launches its National High 

Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP), a program of patient and professional education that has as 

its goal to reduce death and disability related to high 

blood pressure.

July 14, 1972. Secretary Richardson approves reorganization of the NHLI, with the Institute elevated to 

Bureau status within the NIH and comprising seven 

division-level components: Office of the Director, 

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases (DHVD), DLD, 

DBDR, DIR, Division of Technological Applications, 

and Division of Extramural Affairs (DEA). 

September 19, 1972. The National Heart, Blood 

Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act of 1972 (P.L. 92–423) 

expands the authority of the Institute to advance the 

national attack on the diseases within its mandate. The 

act calls for intensified and coordinated Institute activities to be planned by the Director and reviewed by the 

National Heart and Lung Advisory Council.

July 24, 1973. The first Five-Year Plan for the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program 

is transmitted to the President and to Congress.

December 17, 1973. The National Heart and Lung 

Advisory Council completes its First Annual Report on 

the National Program.

February 13, 1974. The Director of the NHLI forwards his First Annual Report on the National Program 

to the President for transmittal to Congress.

April 5, 1974. The Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HEW, authorizes release of the Report to the President 

by the President’s Advisory Panel on Heart Disease. 

The report of the 20-member panel, chaired by Dr. John 

S. Millis, includes a survey of the problem of heart and 

blood vessel disorders and panel recommendations to 

reduce illness and death from them.

August 2, 1974. The Secretary, HEW, approves regulations governing the establishment, support, and operation of National Research and Demonstration Centers 

for heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases, which 

implement section 415(b) of the PHS Act, as amended by 

the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act 

of 1972: (1) to carry out basic and clinical research on 

heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; (2) to 

provide demonstrations of advanced methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment; and (3) to supply a training source for scientists and physicians concerned with 

the diseases.

September 16, 1975. Dr. Robert I. Levy is appointed 

Director of the NHLI, succeeding Dr. Theodore Cooper, 

who was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary for 

Health, HEW, on April 19, 1974.

June 25, 1976. Legislation amending the PHS Act 

(P.L. 94–278) changes the name of the NHLI to the 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and 

provides for an expansion in blood-related activities 

within the Institute and throughout the National Heart, 

Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program. 

August 1, 1977. The Biomedical Research Extension 

Act of 1977 (P.L. 95–83) reauthorizes the programs of 

the NHLBI, with continued emphasis on both the 

national program and related prevention and dissemination activities.

February 1978. The NHLBI and the American Heart 

Association jointly celebrate their 30th anniversaries.

September 1979. The Task Force on Hypertension, 

established in September 1975 to assess the state of 

hypertension research, completes its in-depth survey and 

recommendations for improved prevention, treatment, 

and control in 14 major areas. The recommendations are 

intended to guide the NHLBI in its future efforts.

November 1979. The results of the Hypertension 

Detection and Follow-Up Program (HDFP), a major clinical trial started in 1971, provide evidence that tens of 

thousands of lives are being saved through treatment of 

mild hypertension and that perhaps thousands more could 

be saved annually if all people with mild hypertension 

were under treatment.

November 21, 1980. The Albert Lasker Special 

Public Health Award is presented to the NHLBI for its 

HDFP, “which stands alone among clinical studies in its 

profound potential benefit to millions of people.”

December 17, 1980. The Health Programs Extension 

Act of 1980 (P.L. 96–538) reauthorizes the NHLBI, with 

continued emphasis on both the national program and 

related prevention programs.
 20 

 NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

 Chapter 3. Important Events 

 September 8, 1981. The Working Group on 

Arteriosclerosis, convened in 1978 to assess present 

understanding, highlight unresolved problems, and 

emphasize opportunities for future research in arteriosclerosis, completes its report. Volume I presents conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical language. 

Volume II provides an in-depth substantive basis for the 

conclusions and recommendations contained in Volume I.

 October 2, 1981. The Beta-Blocker Heart Attack 

Trial (BHAT) demonstrates benefits to those in the trial 

who received the drug propranolol compared with the 

control group.

 July 6, 1982. Dr. Claude Lenfant is appointed 

Director of the NHLBI. He succeeds Dr. Levy.

 September 1982. The results of the Multiple Risk 

Factor Intervention Trial are released. They support 

measures to reduce cigarette smoking and to lower blood 

cholesterol to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) 

mortality but raise questions about optimal treatment of 

mild hypertension.

 October 26, 1983. The Coronary Artery Surgery 

Study (CASS) results are released. They demonstrate 

that mildly symptomatic patients with coronary artery 

disease can safely defer coronary artery bypass surgery 

until symptoms worsen.

 January 12, 1984. The results of the Lipid Research 

Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT) 

are released. They establish conclusively that reducing 

total blood cholesterol reduces the risk of CHD in men at 

increased risk because of elevated cholesterol levels. 

Each 1 percent decrease in cholesterol can be expected to 

reduce heart attack risk by 2 percent.

 April–September 1984. The Tenth Report of the 

Director, NHLBI, commemorates the 10th anniversary of 

the passage of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, 

and Blood Act. The five-volume publication reviews 

10 years of research progress and presents a 5-year 

research plan for the national program.

 April 1984. The Division of Epidemiology and 

Clinical Applications (DECA) is created. It provides the 

Institute with a single focus on clinical trials; prevention, 

demonstration, and education programs; behavioral medicine; nutrition; epidemiology; and biometry. It also provides new opportunities to examine the interrelationships 

of cardiovascular, respiratory, and blood diseases.

 November 1984. An NHLBI-NIH Clinical Center 

inter-Agency agreement for studies on the transmission 

of HIV from humans to chimpanzees leads to the first 

definitive evidence that the transmission is by blood 

transfusion.

 April 1985. Results of Phase I of the Thrombolysis 

in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial comparing 

streptokinase (SK) with recombinant tissue plasminogen 

activator (t-PA) are published. The new thrombolytic 

agent recombinant t-PA is approximately twice as effective as SK in opening thrombosed coronary arteries.

 October 1985. The NHLBI Smoking Education 

Program is initiated to increase health care provider 

awareness about clinical opportunities for smoking cessation programs, techniques for use within health care 

settings, and resources for use within communities to 

expand and reinforce such efforts.

 October 14, 1985. NHLBI-supported researchers 

Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein are awarded 

the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol 

metabolism.

 November 1985. The NHLBI inaugurates the 

National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) to 

increase awareness among health professionals and the 

public that elevated blood cholesterol is a cause of CHD 

and that reducing elevated blood cholesterol levels will 

contribute to the reduction of CHD.

 June 1986. Results of the Prophylactic Penicillin 

Trial demonstrate the efficacy of prophylactic penicillin 

therapy in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with pneumococcal infections in children with SCD.

 September 18, 1986. The NHLBI sponsors events on 

the NIH campus in conjunction with the meeting of the 

X World Congress of Cardiology in Washington, DC. 

Activities include a special exhibit at the National 

Library of Medicine entitled “American Contributions 

to Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery” and two 

symposia—“New Dimensions in Cardiovascular 

Disease Research” and “Cardiovascular Nursing and 

Nursing Research.”

 December 17, 1986. The citizens of Framingham, 

Massachusetts, are presented a tribute by the Assistant 

Secretary, HHS, for their participation in the Framingham Heart Study over the past 40 years.
21

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

September 1987. The NHLBI commemorates the 

centennial of the NIH and the 40th anniversary of the 

Institute’s inception. Two publications prepared for the 

Institute’s anniversary, Forty Years of Achievement in 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Research and A Salute to the 

Past: A History of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute, document significant Institute contributions to 

research and summarize recollections about the 

Institute’s 40-year history.

October 1987. The National Blood Resource 

Education Program is established to ensure an adequate 

supply of safe blood and blood components to meet the 

Nation’s needs and to ensure that blood and blood 

components are transfused only when therapeutically 

appropriate.

April 1988. The NHLBI initiates its Minority 

Research Supplements program to provide supplemental 

funds to ongoing research grants for support of minority 

investigators added to research teams.

September 1988. AIDS research is added to the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases 

and Blood Resources Program. It is the first area of 

research to be added since the Program was established 

in 1973.

September 1988. The NHLBI funds the first of its 

new Programs of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 

designed to foster the study of the organization, modification, and expression of the genome in areas of importance to the Institute and to encourage investigators to 

become skilled in the experimental strategies and techniques of modern molecular biology. 

September 1988. The Strong Heart Study is initiated. 

It focuses on CVD morbidity and mortality rates and distribution of CVD risk factors in three geographically 

diverse American Indian groups. 

October 1988. The National Marrow Donor Program 

is transferred from the Department of the Navy to the 

NHLBI. The Program, which serves as a focal point for 

bone marrow research, includes a national registry of 

volunteers who have offered to donate marrow for transplant to patients not having suitably matched relatives.

March 1989. The NHLBI initiates a National Asthma 

Education Program to raise awareness of asthma as a 

serious chronic disease and to promote more effective 

management of asthma through patient and professional 

education. 

May 1989. The NHLBI Minority Access to Research 

Careers (MARC) Summer Research Training Program is 

initiated to provide an opportunity for MARC Honors 

Scholars to work with researchers in the NHLBI intramural laboratories.

September 14, 1990. The first human gene therapy 

protocol in history is undertaken at the NIH. A team of 

scientists, led by W. French Anderson, NHLBI, and R. 

Michael Blaese, NCI, insert a normal gene into a 

patient’s cells to compensate for a defective gene that left 

the patient’s cells unable to produce an enzyme essential 

to the functioning of the body’s immune system.

January 1991. The NHLBI Obesity Education 

Initiative (OEI) begins. Its objective is to make a concerted effort to educate the public and health professionals about obesity as an independent risk factor for 

CVD and its relationship to other risk factors, such as 

high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol.

February 1991. The expert panel of the National 

Asthma Education Program releases its report, Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, to 

educate physicians and other health care providers in 

asthma management.

April 8–10, 1991. The First National Conference on 

Cholesterol and Blood Pressure Control is attended by 

more than 1,800 health professionals.

May 1991. The Task Force on Hypertension, established in November 1989 to assess the state of hypertension research and to develop a plan for future NHLBI 

funding, presents its conclusions. The report outlines a 

set of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive 

plan for support over the next several years.

June 11, 1991. The NHLBI initiates a National Heart 

Attack Alert Program (NHAAP) to reduce premature 

morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction 

(AMI) and sudden death. The Program emphasizes rapid 

disease identification and treatment.

July 1991. Results of the Systolic Hypertension in the 

Elderly Program (SHEP) demonstrate that low-dose 

pharmacologic therapy of isolated systolic hypertension 

in those older than 60 years of age significantly reduces 

stroke and myocardial infarction.
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

August 1991. Results of the Studies of Left 

Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) are released. They 

demonstrate that use of the angiotensin-converting 

enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril causes a significant 

reduction in mortality and hospitalization for congestive 

heart failure in patients with symptomatic heart failure.

August 1991. The NHLBI sponsors the first national 

workshop, “Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health: 

Special Emphasis on Women and Youth,” to assess the 

current knowledge in the field and to develop scientific 

priorities and plans for support. Recommendations from 

the Working Groups are published in the supplemental 

issue of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise.

March 1992. The International Consensus Report on 

Diagnosis and Management of Asthma is released. It is 

to be used by asthma specialists and medical opinion 

leaders to provide a framework for discussion of asthma 

management pertinent to their respective countries.

March 1992. Results of the Trials of Hypertension 

Prevention Phase I are published. They demonstrate that 

both weight loss and reduction of dietary salt reduce 

blood pressure in adults with high-normal diastolic blood 

pressure and may reduce the incidence of primary 

hypertension.

June 26–27, 1992. The Fourth National Minority 

Forum on Cardiovascular Health, Pulmonary Disorders, 

and Blood Resources is attended by nearly 600 

individuals.

October 11–13, 1992. The First National Conference 

on Asthma Management is attended by more than 900 

individuals.

October 30, 1992. A celebration of the 20th anniversary of the NHBPEP is held in conjunction with the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee meeting. The Fifth 

Report of the Joint National Committee on the Detection, 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 

V) and the NHBPEP Working Group Report on the 

Primary Prevention of Hypertension are released.

June 10, 1993. The NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 

(P.L. 103–43) establishes the NCSDR within the NHLBI.

June 15, 1993. The Second Report of the Expert 

Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High 

Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP II) is released to the 

public at a press conference held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting.

January 30, 1995. Results of the Multicenter Study 

of Hydroxyurea (MSH) are released through a clinical 

alert. They demonstrate that hydroxyurea reduced the 

number of painful episodes by 50 percent in severely 

affected adults with SCD. This is the first effective treatment for adult patients with this disorder.

September 1995. The NHLBI funds a new Program 

of Specialized Centers of Research in Hematopoietic 

Stem Cell Biology, which is designed to advance our 

knowledge of stem cell biology and enhance our ability 

to achieve successful stem cell therapy to cure genetic 

and acquired diseases.

September 21, 1995. Results of the Bypass 

Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation are released 

through a clinical alert. They demonstrate that patients 

on drug treatment for diabetes who had blockages in two 

or more coronary arteries and were treated with coronary 

artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery had, at 5 years, a 

death rate markedly lower than that of similar patients 

treated with angioplasty. The clinical alert recommends 

CABG over standard angioplasty for patients on drug 

therapy for diabetes who have multiple coronary blockages and are first-time candidates for either procedure.

November 5–6, 1995. The first Conference on 

Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Cardiovascular Health 

and Disease is held to determine future opportunities and 

needs for research on SES factors and their relationships 

with cardiovascular health and disease.

December 4–5, 1995. A celebration of the 10th anniversary of the NCEP is held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting. Results of the 

1995 Cholesterol Awareness Surveys of physicians and 

the public are released.

May 1996. The NHLBI announces results from the 

Framingham Heart Study that conclude earlier and more 

aggressive treatment of hypertension is vital to preventing congestive heart failure. The Treatment of Mild 

Hypertension Study (TOMHS) demonstrates that lifestyle changes, such as weight loss, a healthy eating plan, 

and physical activity, are crucial for reducing blood lipids 

in those treated for Stage I hypertension.

September 1996. Findings from the Asthma Clinical 

Research Network (ACRN) show that for people with 

asthma, taking an inhaled beta-agonist at regularly scheduled times is safe but provides no greater benefit than 

taking the medication only when asthma symptoms 
23

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

occur. The recommendation to physicians who treat 

patients with mild asthma is to prescribe inhaled betaagonists only on an as-needed basis.

November 13, 1996. The NHLBI releases findings 

from two studies, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial and Trial of Nonpharmacologic 

Intervention in the Elderly (TONE). The DASH Trial 

demonstrates that a diet low in fat and high in vegetables, 

fruits, fiber, and low-fat dairy products significantly and 

quickly lowers blood pressure. The TONE shows that 

weight loss and reduction of dietary sodium safely 

reduce the need for antihypertensive medication in older 

patients while keeping their blood pressure under 

control.

January 1997. Definitive results from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth 

(PDAY) program are published. They show that atherosclerosis develops before age 20 and that the following 

risk factors affect the progression of atherosclerosis 

equally in women and men, regardless of race: low highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high low-density 

lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and cigarette smoking.

February 24, 1997. The National Asthma Education 

and Prevention Program (NAEPP) releases the Expert 

Panel Report 2, Guidelines for the Diagnosis and 

Management of Asthma to the public at a press conference held in conjunction with a meeting of the American 

Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology in San 

Francisco.

May 8, 1997. Results of the Antiarrhythmic Versus 

Implantable Defibrillator (AVID) clinical trial are presented. They show that an implantable cardiac defibrillator reduces mortality compared to pharmacologic therapy 

in patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death.

September 1997. The Stroke Prevention Trial in 

Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) is terminated early because 

prophylactic transfusion resulted in a 90 percent relative 

decrease in the stroke rate among children 2 to 16 years 

old.

September 1997. The Institute’s National Sickle Cell 

Disease Program celebrates its 25th anniversary.

October 1997. The NHLBI commemorates the 50th 

anniversary of the Institute’s inception. A publication 

prepared for the Institute’s anniversary, Vital Signs: 

Discoveries in diseases of the heart, lungs, and blood 

documents the remarkable research advances of the past 

50 years.

October 1, 1997. The WHI, initiated in 1991, is transferred to the NHLBI.

November 6, 1997. The Sixth Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 

VI) is released at a press conference held in conjunction 

with the 25th anniversary meeting and celebration of the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee.

December 1997. Findings from the Trial To Reduce 

Alloimmunization to Platelets (TRAP) demonstrate that 

leucocyte reduction by filtration or ultraviolet B irradiation of platelets—both methods are equally effective—

decreases development of lymphocytotoxic antibodies 

and alloimmune platelet refractoriness.

February 1998. The Task Force on Behavioral 

Research in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Health and 

Disease, established in November 1995 to develop a plan 

for future NHLBI biobehavioral research in cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders, presents 

its recommendations. The report outlines a set of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive plan for 

support over the next several years.

February 19–21, 1998. The NHLBI and cosponsors—California CVD Prevention Coalition; California 

Department of Health Services; CVD Outreach, 

Resources, and Epidemiology Program; and the 

University of California, San Francisco—hold 

Cardiovascular Health: Coming Together for the 21st 

Century, A National Conference, in San Francisco.

March 16, 1998. A special symposium is held at the 

annual meeting of the American Academy of Asthma, 

Allergy, and Immunology to celebrate 50 years of 

NHLBI-supported science.

June 17, 1998. The NHLBI, in cooperation with the 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney 

Diseases (NIDDK), releases Clinical Guidelines on the 

Identification, Treatment, and Evaluation of Overweight 

and Obesity in Adults: Evidence Report.

December 11, 1998. World Asthma Day is established on this date. The NAEPP launches the Asthma 

Management Model System, an innovative Web-based 

information management tool.
24

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

March 1999. The ARDS Network Study of Ventilator 

Management in ARDS is stopped early so that critical 

care specialists can be alerted to the results. The study 

demonstrated that approximately 25 percent fewer deaths 

occurred among intensive care patients with ARDS 

receiving small, rather than large, breaths of air from a 

mechanical ventilator. 

March 22, 1999. The NAEPP holds its 10th anniversary meeting and celebration to recognize a decade of 

progress and a continued commitment to the future.

August 1999. Results of the Early Revascularization 

for Cardiogenic Shock are released. They show 

improved survival at 6 months in patients treated with 

balloon angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery compared with patients who receive intensive medical care to 

stabilize their condition. 

September 27–29, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors the 

National Conference on Cardiovascular Disease 

Prevention: Meeting the Healthy People 2010 Objectives 

for Cardiovascular Health.

November 2, 1999. The NAEPP convenes a Workshop on Strengthening Asthma Coalitions: Thinking 

Globally, Acting Locally to gather information from 

coalition representatives on ways the NAEPP could 

support their efforts. 

November 2–3, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors a Workshop on Research Training and Career Development.

March 8, 2000. A part of the Antihypertensive and 

Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial 

(ALLHAT) is terminated early because one of the tested 

drugs, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, was found to be less 

effective than the more traditional diuretic in reducing 

some forms of CVD.

March 29, 2000. The NHLBI launches the Webbased Healthy People 2010 Gateway to provide information and resources on cardiovascular health, asthma, 

sleep, and minority populations.

April 25, 2000. The NHLBI sponsors a special expert 

meeting, Scientific Frontiers in Cardiothoracic Surgery, 

to discuss the future of cardiothoracic research. 

September 2000. NHLBI-supported investigators 

identify a gene for primary pulmonary hypertension.

October 2000. Results from the Childhood Asthma 

Management Program (CAMP) demonstrate that inhaled 

corticosteroids are safe and effective for long-term treatment of children with mild-to-moderate asthma.

January 2001. Results of the DASH-Sodium Trial 

are released. They show that dietary sodium reduction 

substantially lowers blood pressure in persons with high 

blood pressure; the greatest effect occurs when sodium 

reduction is combined with the DASH diet.

February 2001. The NHLBI launches a sleep education program for children, using star sleeper Garfield the 

Cat.

February 1, 2001. The NHLBI, along with the HHS 

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the 

Office of the Surgeon General, the Centers for Disease 

Control and Prevention (CDC), the NINDS, and the 

American Heart Association, signs a memorandum of 

understanding to focus and coordinate their efforts to 

meet the Healthy People 2010 objectives on cardiovascular health.

March 26–27, 2001. A strategy development workshop, “Women’s Heart Health: Developing a National 

Health Education Action Plan,” is held to develop an 

agenda for the NHLBI’s new heart health education 

effort directed at women.

April 2001. The NHLBI releases the international 

guidelines for diagnosis, management, and prevention of 

COPD.

April 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators identify 

genes that regulate human cholesterol levels.

May 2001. The NHLBI releases the NCEP’s Third 

Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and 

Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III).

June 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators find that 

human heart muscle cells regenerate after a heart attack.

July 2001. A self-contained artificial heart is 

implanted in a patient for the first time.

August 2001. Early results from the National 

Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) identify characteristics of patients at high risk for death following lung 

volume reduction surgery. 
 25 

 NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

 Chapter 3. Important Events 

 August 2001. Scientists from the NHLBI SCOR program at Yale University identify two genes responsible 

for pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a rare Mendelian 

form of high blood pressure. These genes encode for 

protein kinases involved in a previously unknown pathway and may provide new targets for therapy.

 September 10, 2001. The NHLBI, along with the 

American Heart Association and other partners, launches 

a national campaign, “Act in Time to Heart Attack 

Signs,” to increase awareness of the signs of heart attack 

and the need for a fast response.

 October 2001. NHLBI-supported scientists report 

that the drug, infliximab, increases risk of TB reactivation and dissemination. The drug is used to treat refractory rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease and is 

proposed as a treatment for several chronic lung diseases. 

 November 2001. Results of the Randomized 

Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment 

of Chronic Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that using an 

implanted left ventricular assist device can prolong survival and improve quality of life in severely ill patients 

who are not candidates for heart transplantation.

 December 2001. For the first time, scientists correct 

SCD in mice using gene therapy.

 April 10, 2002. The World Hypertension League 

(WHL) and the NHLBI hold an international symposium; subsequently they prepare an action plan at the 

WHL Council Conference to control hypertension and 

obesity.

 April 11–13, 2002. The NHLBI and cosponsors—the 

HHS Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the CDC, the American Heart Association, the 

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the 

Health Resources and Services Administration—hold a 

national conference, “Cardiovascular Health for All: 

Meeting the Challenge of Healthy People 2010.”

 June 2002. The NAEPP issues an update of selected 

topics in the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. 

 June 2002. The fourth edition of The Management 

of Sickle Cell Disease, which describes the current 

approach to counseling SCD patients and managing 

many of the medical complications of SCD, is issued to 

coincide with the 30th anniversary of the NHLBI Sickle 

Cell Program.

 July 9, 2002. The NHLBI stops early the trial of the 

estrogen plus progestin component of the WHI due to 

increased breast cancer risk and lack of overall benefits. 

The multicenter trial also found increases in CHD, 

stroke, and pulmonary embolism in participants on estrogen plus progestin compared to women taking placebo 

pills.

 August 2002. NHLBI-supported scientists identify a 

gene variant that is associated with arrhythmia in blacks.

 December 4, 2002. Results of the Atrial Fibrillation 

Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management Trial 

(AFFIRM) indicate that rate control rather than rhythm 

control may be the preferred approach for patients with 

atrial fibrillation. The rate control strategy involves 

the use of less expensive drugs and results in fewer 

hospitalizations.

 December 17, 2002. Results of the ALLHAT, the 

largest hypertension clinical trial ever conducted, show 

that less expensive traditional diuretics are at least as 

good as newer medicines (calcium channel blocker and 

ACE inhibitors) in treating high blood pressure and 

preventing some forms of heart disease.

 January 23, 2002. An NHLBI-supported study demonstrates that magnetic resonance imaging can be used to 

detect heart attacks faster and more accurately than traditional methods in patients who arrive at the emergency 

room with chest pain.

 February 24, 2002. The Prevention of Recurrent 

Venous Thromboembolism Trial is stopped early because 

treatment with low-dose warfarin to prevent recurrence 

of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism was 

so beneficial. 

 April 2003. Results of the MSH Patients’ Follow-Up 

Study show that the adult patients who took hydroxyurea 

over a 9-year period experienced a 40 percent reduction 

in deaths. Survival was related to fetal hemoglobin 

levels and frequency of vaso-occlusive events. 

 April 23, 2003. Results of the PREMIER trial of 

behavioral lifestyle interventions for blood pressure control show that individuals with prehypertension or stage 1 

hypertension can lower their blood pressure by making 

multiple lifestyle changes. 

 May 14, 2003. The Seventh Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, 
26

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

(JNC VII) is released. 

May 22, 2003. The NETT finds that lung volume 

reduction surgery (LVRS) benefits emphysema patients 

with certain clinical characteristics. The findings will be 

useful in the determination of Medicare coverage policy. 

July 2003. The NHLBI and Gen-Probe Corporation 

succeed in developing a test to screen donated blood for 

the West Nile Virus. 

August 2003. The NHLBI establishes a partnership 

with the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) 

to advance research on cardiovascular, respiratory, and 

blood diseases. 

November 2003. The Public Access Defibrillation 

Trial demonstrates that use of an automated external defibrillator and CPR by trained community volunteers can 

increase survival for victims of sudden cardiac arrest. 

March 2004. The NIH stops the estrogen-alone component of the WHI early due to the increased risk of 

stroke and deep vein thrombosis. Estrogen does not 

appear to affect heart disease. 

March 2004. Preliminary results of the Sudden 

Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that an 

implantable cardiac defibrillator can reduce death in heart 

failure patients. 

July 2004. The NHLBI releases an update to the 

2001 NCEP ATP III guidelines on the treatment of high 

blood cholesterol in adults. 

August 2004. The NHBPEP Working Group on High 

Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents releases the 

Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and 

Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and 

Adolescents.

August 2004. An NHLBI-funded study shows that 

nucleic acid amplification testing for HIV-1 and hepatitis 

C virus (HCV) further safeguards the Nation’s blood 

supply.

October 2004. Results from a new study of adults 

with mild asthma by researchers participating in the 

ACRN demonstrate that genes affect patient response, 

over time, to daily doses of inhaled albuterol, a drug 

used for relief of acute asthma symptoms. A few weeks 

of its regular use improves overall asthma control in 

individuals with one form of the gene, but stopping all 

use of albuterol eventually improves asthma control in 

those with another form of the gene. The findings could 

lead to better ways to individualize asthma therapy.

November 2004. Results of the Prevention of Events 

With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition 

(PEACE) demonstrate that many heart disease patients 

who are already receiving state-of-the art therapy do not 

gain extra cardiovascular protection from ACE 

inhibitors. 

December 2004. The NHLBI stops early the Stroke 

Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia Trial II (STOP II) so 

that physicians who treat children with sickle cell anemia 

can be alerted to its findings. STOP II, which is a study 

to determine whether children with sickle cell anemia 

and at high risk for stroke could at some point safely stop 

receiving the periodic blood transfusions that prevent 

strokes, shows that children revert to high risk for stroke 

when transfusions are stopped.

January 2005. The NHLBI issues new guidelines for 

managing asthma during pregnancy.

January 26, 2005. Dr. Elizabeth G. Nabel is 

appointed Director of the NHLBI. She succeeds 

Dr. Claude Lenfant.

February 2005. NHLBI-supported scientists identify 

two genetic mutations common in individuals of African 

descent that are associated with a 40 percent reduction in 

LDL cholesterol.

February 15, 2006. Results from the WHI Calcium 

and Vitamin D Trial show that calcium and vitamin D 

supplements in healthy postmenopausal women provide 

a modest improvement in bone mass preservation and 

prevent hip fractures in certain groups, including older 

women, but do not prevent other types of fractures or 

colorectal cancer.

May 10, 2006. Results from the Childhood Asthma 

Research and Education (CARE) Network show that 

daily treatment with inhaled corticosteroids can reduce 

breathing problems in preschool-aged children at high 

risk for asthma, but does not prevent them from developing persistent asthma.

May 31, 2006. The Prospective Investigation of 

Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) II finds that 

the ability to diagnose pulmonary embolism is improved 

when a commonly used imaging test of the chest to 
27

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

detect potentially deadly blood clots in the lung is complemented by an extension of the scan to the legs—

where the clots typically originate—or by a standard 

clinical assessment.

June 6, 2006. Results for the Should We Emergently 

Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic 

Shock (SHOCK) trial show that treating heart attack 

patients who have a life-threatening complication called 

cardiogenic shock with emergency angioplasty or bypass 

surgery greatly improves their long-term survival.

July 18, 2006. NHLBI scientists find that a hormone 

called brain natriuretic peptide or BNP, which can be 

detected in a simple blood test, can identify patients with 

SCD who have developed a life-threatening complication called pulmonary hypertension. The hormone is also 

a predictor of death in adult sickle cell patients. 

July 26, 2006. Results from two randomized clinical 

trials demonstrate that inhaled nitric oxide administered 

within the first few weeks of life helps prevent chronic 

lung disease in some low birthweight premature infants. 

Moreover, when administered within 48 hours after 

birth, it appears to protect some premature newborns 

from brain injury.

September 19, 2006. The NHLBI launches a peripheral artery disease awareness and education campaign, 

“Stay in Circulation: Take Steps To Learn About P.A.D.” 

(peripheral artery disease).

January 18, 2007. The NHLBI launches the Learn 

More Breathe Better campaign to increase COPD awareness among primary care physicians and the public.

August 29, 2007. The NAEPP issues the Expert 

Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and 

Management of Asthma—Full Report 2007, an update of 

the latest scientific evidence and recommendations for 

clinical practice on asthma care.

October 8, 2007. Mario Capecchi and Oliver 

Smithies, who are researchers supported by the NHLBI, 

are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 

for their creation of a gene-targeting technique that 

allows scientists to create transgenic mice that are 

genetically modified to develop human diseases.

 29 

 NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

 4. Disease Statistics 

 Cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases constitute a large morbidity, mortality, and economic 

burden on individuals, families, and the Nation. 

Common forms are atherosclerosis, hypertension, 

COPD, and blood-clotting disorders—embolisms 

and thromboses. The most serious atherosclerotic 

diseases are CHD, as manifested by heart attack 

and angina pectoris, and cerebrovascular disease, as 

manifested by stroke.

 In 2004, cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

accounted for 1,093,000 deaths and 46 percent of 

all deaths in the United States (p. 31). The projected economic cost in 2008 for these diseases is 

expected to be $623 billion, 23 percent of the total 

economic costs of illness, injuries, and death (p. 47). 

Of all diseases, heart disease is the leading cause 

of death, cerebrovascular disease is third (behind 

cancer), and COPD (including asthma) ranks fourth 

(p. 34). Cardiovascular and lung diseases account 

for 3 of the 4 leading causes of death (p. 34) and 

4 of the 10 leading causes of infant death (p. 40). 

Hypertension, heart disease, asthma, and COPD 

are especially prevalent and account for substantial 

morbidity in Americans (p. 43).

 The purpose of the biomedical research conducted by the NHLBI is to contribute to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases and sleep disorders. National disease statistics show that by midcentury, morbidity and mortality from these diseases had reached record high 

levels. Since then, however, substantial improvements have been achieved, especially over the past 

40 years, as shown by the signifi cant decline in 

mortality rates. Because many of these diseases 

begin early in life, their early detection and control 

can reduce the risk of disability and can delay death. 

Although important advances have been made in the 

treatment and control of cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases, these diseases continue to be a major 

burden on the Nation.

Mortality statistics in this chapter are for diseases 

or conditions classifi ed as the underlying cause of 

death. Heart failure, however, is never truly an 

underlying cause even though 57,120 deaths in 2004 

were nominally coded to it as the underlying cause. 

Therefore, in this chapter, mortality statistics 

attributed to heart failure represent it as either the 

underlying cause or a contributing cause of death.

The 2004 mortality statistics in this Fact Book 

are fi nal counts. They differ from the 2004 mortality statistics presented in the FY 2006 Fact Book 

because those statistics were preliminary (though 

not stated).

 Cardiovascular Diseases

 • In 2004, CVD caused 870,000 deaths—

36 percent of all deaths (p. 31).

 • Heart disease is the leading cause of death; the 

main form, CHD, caused 452,000 deaths in 

2004 (pp. 32, 34).

 • The annual number of deaths from CVD 

increased substantially between 1900 and 1970 

and remains high (p. 33). 

 • The death rate (not age-adjusted) for CVD 

increased from 1920 until it peaked in 1968. 

Since then, the trend has been downward. In 

2005, the rate was similar to the rate in the 

1920s (p. 33).

 • Cerebrovascular disease, the third leading cause 

of death, accounted for 150,000 deaths in 2004 

(pp. 32, 34).

 • Heart disease is second only to all cancers 

combined in years of potential life lost (p. 34).

 • Heart disease is the leading cause of death in 

blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians, but 

second to cancer in Asians. Stroke ranks as the 

third or fourth leading cause of death in the 

minority groups, except in American Indians, 

where it ranks sixth (p. 34).

 • Between 1970 and 2004, the increase in deaths 

with heart failure as the underlying or contributing cause is a major exception to the mortality 

decline in CVD (p. 35).

 • Between 1985 and 2004, death rates for heart 

disease and stroke declined in men and women 

of all racial/ethnic groups. Declines in death 

rates for heart disease were steepest in whites 

(p. 36). 
30

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

• Because of the rapid decline in mortality from CHD 

since the peak in 1968, there were 1,036,000 fewer 

deaths from CHD in 2005 than would have occurred 

if there had been no decline (p. 37). 

• Substantial improvements have been made in the 

treatment of CVD. Since 1975 or 1985, case-fatality 

rates from hospitalized AMI, stroke, heart failure, 

and cardiac dysrhythmia declined appreciably 

(p. 37).

• The decline in CHD mortality began earlier in the 

United States than in most countries and outpaced 

that in most countries until the 1990s (only selected 

countries are shown) (p. 38).

• Between 1999 and 2005, the percent decline in death 

rates for CHD and stroke was slightly greater for 

whites than for blacks (p. 39).

• In 2005, an estimated 80.7 million persons in the 

United States had some form of CVD, 73 million 

had hypertension, and 16 million had CHD (p. 43).

• Since the 1960s, there has been a substantial reduction in the prevalence of CVD risk factors: hypertension, smoking, and high cholesterol, but not overweight. The decline in prevalence of hypertension 

from 1976–80 to 1988–94 was followed by an 

increase in 1999–2004 (p. 44).

• Between 1976–80 and 1999–2004, the percent of 

persons with hypertension who were aware of their 

condition, on treatment for it, and having their blood 

pressure under control increased substantially (p. 45).

• A 1999–2004 national survey showed only about 

40 percent of hypertensive patients (systolic BP

 ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg or on 

antihypertensive medication) had their condition 

under control (p. 40).

• Hospitalization rates for heart failure increased 

between 1971 and 2005 (p. 46).

• The estimated economic cost of CVD for 2008 is 

approximately $448 billion:

– $296 billion in direct health expenditures

– $38 billion in indirect cost of morbidity

– $114 billion in indirect cost of mortality (p. 47).

Lung Diseases

• Lung diseases, excluding lung cancer, caused an 

estimated 227,000 deaths in 2004 (p. 31).

• COPD caused 118,000 deaths in 2004 and is the 

fourth leading cause of death (pp. 32, 34).

• Between 1999 and 2005, death rates for COPD and 

asthma decreased in both black and white men and 

women, with one exception: the COPD death rate 

increased slightly in white women (p. 39).

• Between 1980 and 2005, infant death rates for 

various lung diseases declined markedly (p. 39).

• Of the 10 leading causes of infant mortality, 4 are 

lung diseases or have a lung disease component 

(p. 40). Between 1995 and 2005, changes in 

mortality for the causes were:

– Congenital anomalies (-14 percent)

– Disorders of short gestation (2 percent)

– Sudden infant death syndrome (-45 percent)

– Respiratory distress syndrome (-40 percent).

• One in five deaths in children under 1 year of age is 

due to a lung disease (p. 40).

• Between 1980 and 2000, the COPD death rate for 

women in the United States is increasing significantly compared with the rates in several other 

countries (p. 41).

• Between 1985 and 2004, death rates for COPD 

increased for women in all racial/ethnic groups 

except Asian. For men, the rates decreased in all 

racial/ethnic groups except American Indians 

(p. 42).

• Sleep disorders are increasingly being recognized as 

an important health problem. The number of physician office visits for sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy increased from 1 million in 

1990 to 7 million in 2005 (p. 42).

• Asthma is a common chronic condition, particularly 

in children (pp. 43, 44, 46). 

• The economic cost of lung diseases is expected to 

be $160 billion in 2008—$99 billion in direct health 

expenditures and $60 billion in indirect cost of morbidity and mortality (p. 47).

Blood Diseases

• An estimated 223,000 deaths, 9 percent of all 

deaths, were attributed to blood diseases in 2004 

(p. 31). These include the following:

– 214,000 due to blood-clotting disorders

– 9,000 to diseases of the red blood cell and bleeding disorders (p. 32).

• A large proportion of deaths from AMI and cerebrovascular disease involve blood-clotting problems 

(p. 32). 

• In 2008, blood-clotting disorders are expected to 

cost the Nation’s economy $105 billion, and other 

blood diseases will cost $14 billion (p. 47).
31

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases, U.S., 2004

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2004

Total Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases 45.6%

Blood

0.8%

CVD*

79.6%

Lung

19.6%

Other

54.4%

Blood**

0.4%

CVD

36.3%

Lung*

8.9%

* Excludes 13,000 deaths from pulmonary heart disease (0.5%). ** Excludes 214,000 deaths from blood-clotting disorders (8.9%).

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1984 and 2004

1984 2004

Cause of Death

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

All Causes 2,039,000 100 2,398,000 100

All Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases 1,149,000 56 1,093,000 46

Cardiovascular Diseases 984,000 48 870,000 36

Blood 319,000* 16 223,000** 9

Lung 169,000† 8 227,000‡ 9

All Other Causes 890,000 44 1,305,000 54

* Includes 311,000 CVD deaths involving blood-clotting diseases. ** Includes 214,000 CVD deaths involving blood-clotting diseases.

† Includes 12,000 CVD deaths due to pulmonary heart disease.

‡ Includes 13,000 CVD deaths due to pulmonary heart disease.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 

* CVD involving blood clotting (24.6%)
32

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2004

Deaths (Thousands)

Cause of Death Cardiovascular Lung Blood

Acute Myocardial Infarction 157 — 107*

Other Coronary Heart Disease 295 — —

Cerebrovascular Diseases (Stroke) 150 — 95*

Other Atherosclerosis 36 — 4*

Pulmonary Embolism 8 8* 8*

Other Cardiovascular Diseases 224 5* —

Bleeding and Red Blood Cell Diseases — — 9

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease** — 118 —

Asthma — 4 —

Other Airway Diseases — 0 —

Pneumonia — 60 —

Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders — 5 —

Interstitial Lung Diseases — 5 —

Lung Diseases Due to External Agents — 18 —

Other Lung Diseases — 4 —

Total 870 227 223 * Deaths from clotting or pulmonary disorders also are included as cardiovascular deaths. ** This term is preferred to the equivalent term “chronic lower respiratory diseases” given in the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases 

(ICD).

Note: Total, excluding overlap, is 1,093,000.

Source: Estimated by the NHLBI from Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

* Includes cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertensive 

 disease, and other heart and blood vessel diseases.

Note: Numbers may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.

Source: Estimated by the NHLBI from Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Atherosclerosis-related disease 73.4%

Other 

CVD*

25.7%

Pulmonary

Embolism

0.9%

Other

Atherosclerosis

4.1%

Stroke

17.2%

AMI

18.0%

Other CHD

33.9%

Deaths From Cardiovascular 

Diseases, U.S., 2004

Airway Diseases

53.7%

Interstitial/

Other

11.9%

Pneumonia

26.4%

Neonatal

2.2%

Pulmonary

Circulation

5.7%

Deaths From Lung Diseases, 

U.S., 2004

Other

Atherosclerosis

1.8%

Pulmonary

Embolism

3.6%

Stroke

42.6%

AMI

48.0%

Bleeding 

and Red Cell 

Diseases

4.0%

Deaths From Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 2004

Blood clotting disorders 96.0%
33

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010

Year

Total CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010

Year

CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

Deaths/100,000 Population

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2005*

* Data for 2005 are preliminary.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates* for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2005**

* Not age-adjusted. ** Data for 2005 are preliminary.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths (Thousands)

Total CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010

Year

CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010

Year
34

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2005*

Cause of Death

1 = Heart Disease**

2 = Cancer

3 = Stroke

4 = COPD†

5 = Accidents

6 = Diabetes

7 = Alzheimer’s Disease

	 8	 = 	Influenza and Pneumonia

9 = Nephritis

10 = Septicemia 

Deaths/100,000 Population

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Years of potential life lost (millions)‡ 3.5 4.9 0.6 0.6 3.2 0.6 <0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3

* Data for 2005 are preliminary. ** Includes 149.8 deaths per 100,000 population from CHD.

† COPD and allied conditions (including asthma); the term in the ICD/10 is “chronic lower respiratory diseases.”

‡ Based on the average remaining years of life up to age 77 years.

Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Septicemia

HIV Infection

COPD

Nephritis

Homicide

Accidents

Diabetes

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Perinatal

Pneumonia

COPD

Homicide

Cirrhosis

Diabetes

Stroke

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Alzheimer's

Nephritis

Suicide

COPD

Pneumonia

Diabetes

Accidents

Stroke

Heart

Cancer

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Nephritis

Pneumonia

Suicide

COPD

Stroke

Cirrhosis

Diabetes

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2004

* Includes deaths among individuals of Asian extraction and Asian-Pacific Islanders. ** Includes deaths among Aleuts and Eskimos.

Note: Causes of death shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Percent of All Deaths Percent of All Deaths Percent of All Deaths Percent of All Deaths

Cause Black Cause Hispanic Cause Asian Cause * American Indian**

250

200

150

100

50

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
35

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1963, 1985, 

and 2005*

Deaths/100,000 Population

Percent

Change 

Percent

Change

Cause of Death 1963 1985 2005 1963–2005 1985–2005

All Causes 1,346 988 799 -41 -19

Cardiovascular Diseases 805 481 278 -65 -42

Coronary Heart Disease 478 260 144 -70 -45

Stroke 174 80** 47 -73 -42

Other 153 140 87 -43 -37

Noncardiovascular Diseases 541 507 521 -4 3

COPD and Asthma 16 36† 43 162 20

Other 524 471 478 -9 1

* Data for 2005 are preliminary.. ** Comparability ratio (1.0502) applied.

† Comparability ratio (1.0411) applied.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths Attributed to Heart Failure,* U.S., 1970–2004

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

* Heart failure as the underlying or contributing cause of death.

Note: Breaks in trend line indicate change in ICD codes.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths (Thousands)

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year
36

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Heart Disease by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1985–2004

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1985 1990 1995 2000 1989 1994 1999 2004

Year

Black

White*

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

* Non-Hispanic.

Note: Each line is a log linear regression derived from the actual rates.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths/100,000 Population

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1985–2004

Deaths/100,000 Population

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1985 1990 1995 2000 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

Black

White*

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

* Non-Hispanic.

Note: Each line is a log linear regression derived from the actual rates.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

1985 2004 1985 2004

Black

White*

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Year

Male Female

Male Female

1985 2004 1985 2004

Year

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Black

White*

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian
37

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2005*

Actual Rate and Expected Rates if Rise Had Continued or Reached a Plateau

* Data for 2005 are preliminary.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead From Hospitals, 

U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2005

Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey, NCHS.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Deaths/100,000 Population

More than 1.5 Million Deaths Expected 

in 2005 if Rise Had Continued

1,036,000 Deaths Averted in 2005 Due to

Decline From Peak Rate in 1968 (1,480,000–444,000)

444,000 Actual Deaths in 2005

1,480,000 Deaths Expected in 2005

if No Decline From Peak Rate

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

AMI

Stroke

Heart Failure

Pneumonia

 Cardiac

Dysrhythmia

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Percent Discharged Dead

1975

1985

2005

Disease
38

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Men, Ages 35–74, in Selected Countries, 1970–2004

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

 Finland

 Australia

 USA

 England

 Poland

 France

 Japan

Deaths/100,000 Population

*

 Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Heath Statistics Annual, World Health Organization (WHO).

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Women, Ages 35–74, in Selected Countries, 1970–2004

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

 Finland

 Australia

 USA

 England

 Poland

 France

 Japan

Deaths/100,000 Population

*

 Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Heath Statistics Annual, WHO.

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Finland

Australia

USA

England

Poland

France

Japan 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Finland

Australia

USA

England

Poland

France

Japan

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
39

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Percent Change in Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Selected Causes by Race and Sex, U.S.,

1999–2005*

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

 White Men

 Black Men

 White Women

 Black Women

Percent Change

Cause of Death

COPD Asthma CHD Stroke

*

 Data for 2005 are preliminary.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2005*

0

50

100

150

200

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

 Sudden Infant

 Death Syndrome

 Respiratory 

 Distress Syndrome

 Other Neonatal 

 Respiratory Disorder 

 Hypoxia

 Pneumonia

Deaths/100,000 Live Births

* Data for 2005 are preliminary.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

30

20

10

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

Sudden Infant

Death Syndrome

Respiratory 

Distress Syndrome

Other Neonatal

Respiratory Disorder

Hypoxia

Pneumonia

200

150

100

50

0

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

White Men

Black Men

White Women

Black Women
40

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2005*

0 50 100 150 200

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Neonatal hemorrhage

Bacterial sepsis of newborn

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Accidents and adverse effects

Newborns affected by complications 

of placenta, cord, and membrane

Newborns affected by maternal 

complications of pregnancy

Sudden Infant

Death Syndrome

Disorders relating

to short gestation

Congenital anomalies**

Deaths Under Age 1/100,000 Live Births

Percent Change

Cause of Mortality 1995–2005

* Data for 2005 are preliminary. ** Congenital CVD and congenital respiratory diseases accounted for 53.7 deaths under age 1 per 100,000 live births (black bar), which is 40 percent of infant 

deaths due to all congenital anomalies.

† Between 1995 and 2005, congenital CVD declined 31 percent; congenital anomalies of the respiratory system declined 15 percent; other congenital anomalies 

increased 2 percent.

NA: Not available.

Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2005*

Cause of Death

Deaths 

Under Age 1

All Causes 27,936

Cardiovascular Diseases 2,239

Congenital Anomalies 1,646

Other 593

Lung Diseases 5,335

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 2,246

Respiratory Distress Syndrome 875

Pneumonia 273

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) 239

Atelectasis of Newborn 419

Congenital Anomalies 580

Other Lung Diseases 703

Other Diseases 20,362

Other Diseases

73.0%

Congenital

Anomalies of the 

Respiratory

System

2.1%

Atelectasis and

Other Lung

Diseases BPD 4.0% 0.8%

RDS

Pneumonia 3.1%

SIDS 1.0%

8.0%

Other CVD

2.1%

Congenital

Anomolies of the 

CV System

5.9%

CVD 8.0%

Lung Diseases 19.1% * Data for 2005 are preliminary.

Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

-14†

2

-45

22

0.2

25

-40

NA

16

NA

Congenital Anomalies**

Disorders relating

to short gestation

Sudden Infant 

Death Syndrome

Newborns affected by maternal

complications of pregnancy

Newborns affected by complications 

of placenta, cord, and membrane

Accidents and adverse effects

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Bacterial sepsis of newborn

Neonatal hemorrhage

Necrotizing enterocolitis

0 50 100 150 200

Deaths Under Age 1 per 100,000 Live Births
41

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

 England

 Australia

 Poland

 Germany

 USA

 Finland

 France

 Japan

Deaths/100,000 Population

Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Men, Ages 35 and Older, in Selected 

Countries, 1980–2004

*

 Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, WHO.

Deaths/100,000 Population

Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Women, Ages 35 and Older, in Selected 

Countries, 1980–2004

*

 Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, WHO.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

 England

 Australia

 Poland

 Germany

 USA

 Finland

 France

 Japan

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

Finland

France

Japan

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

Finland

France

Japan

Year

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
42

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1985 1995 1994 2004

Year

Black

White*

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Year

Total

Sleep apnea

Narcolepsy

Restless leg

Number of Visits (Millions)

Deaths/100,000 Population

Male Female

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, 

U.S., 1985–2004

*

 Non-Hispanic.

Note: Each line is a log linear regression derived from the actual rates. Rates from 1985–1998 are modified by the ICD revision comparability ratio.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 1990–2005

Note: Primary and secondary diagnoses.

Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, NCHS.

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1985 2004 1985 2004

Year

Black

White*

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Year

Total 

Sleep Apnea

Narcolepsy

Restless leg 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
43

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2005

Disease Number

Cardiovascular Diseases* 80,700,000

Hypertension** 73,000,000

Coronary Heart Disease 16,000,000

Heart Failure 5,300,000

Stroke 5,800,000

Congenital Heart Disease† 1,000,000

Asthma‡ 22,000,000

COPD§ 24,000,000

* Includes hypertension, CHD, heart failure, and stroke. ** Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg, or being on antihypertensive medication, or being 

told twice of having hypertension.

† Range from 650,000 to 1,300,000.

‡ 12,000,000 of these had an asthma attack in the past 12 months.

§ An estimated 12,000,000 diagnosed and 12,000,000 undiagnosed.

Sources: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of NCHS and National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of NCHS, except as noted.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases* in Adults by Age and Sex, U.S., 1999–2004

0

20

40

60

80

100

20–39 40–59 60–79 80

Age (Years)

Male

Female

Percent

* Hypertension, CHD, cerebrovascular disease, or heart failure. Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure

> 90, or being on antihypertensive medication.

Source: NHANES, 1999–2004 extrapolated to U.S., 2004.

100

80

60

40

20

0

	 20–39	 40–59	 60–79	 ≥ 80

Age (Years)

Male

Female
44

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Asthma

Heart Failure

Stroke

COPD

CHD

Hypertension

Stroke

Heart Failure

COPD

Asthma

CHD

Hypertension

CHD

COPD

Asthma

Hypertension

Asthma

Percent

<18 Years

18–44 Years

45–64 Years

Percent of Population

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2004

Sources: NHIS and NHANES.

Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2004

Note: Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure is > 90 mm Hg, or being on antihypertensive medication. High 

 cholesterol is 240+ mg/dl. Overweight is BMI 25+ kg/m2.

Sources: NHIS for smoking, ages ≥18 and NHANES for the other risk factors, ages 20–74.

>65 Years

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Overweight

Hypertension**

Smoking

High Cholesterol

Asthma

Hypertension

Asthma

COPD

CHD

Hypertension

CHD

Asthma

COPD

Heart Failure

Stroke

Hypertension

CHD

COPD

Stroke

Heart Failure

Asthma

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Percent

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Overweight

Hypertension

Smoking

High Cholesterol

Disease
45

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Awareness Treatment Control

1976–1980

1988–1991

1991–1994

1999–2004

Hypertensive* Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Ages 18 and Older, U.S., 1976–1980 to 

1999–2004

* Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, or being on antihypertensive medication.

Source: NHANES, NCHS.

Adult Population With Hypertension* by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex, U.S., 1999–2004

* Hypertension is systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg, or being on antihypertensive medication.

**Non-Hispanic.

Sources: NHANES and NCHS. 

Percent of Population

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0

White

Black

Mexican-American

0 20 40 60 80 100

60+

40–59

18–39

Age (Years)

Men Women

White**

Black** 

Mexican-American

18–39

40–59 

60+

100 0 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100

Percent of Population

1976–1980

1988–1991

1991–1994

1999–2004

Awareness Treatment Control

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Percent of Population With Hypertension
46

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

 Ages <15 Years

 Ages 15–34 Years

 Ages 35 Years

Hospitalization Rates for Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 and 65 and Older, U.S., 1971–2005

Persons Experiencing Asthma Episodes in Previous 12 Months by Age, U.S., 1997–2006

Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey, NCHS.

Source: NHIS, NCHS.

Hospitalizations/100,000 Population

Percent

0

50

100

150

200

250

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

 Ages 65

 Ages 45–64 Years

250

200

150

100

50

0

 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Ages ≥65 Years

Ages 45–64 Years

Ages <15 Years

Ages 15–34 Years

Ages ≥35 Years

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year
47

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2008

Amount (Dollars in Billions) Percent Distribution

Indirect Costs Indirect Costs

Direct 

Costs* Morbidity** Mortality† Total

Direct 

Costs Morbidity Mortality Total

Cardiovascular Disease $ 296.4 $ 37.6 $114.5 $ 448.5 15.3% 17.0% 20.4% 16.5%

(including Blood Clotting)‡ (69.6) (8.3) (26.7) (104.6) (3.6) (3.7) (4.8) (3.8)

Lung Diseases§ 99.4 28.9 31.5 159.8 5.1 13.0 5.6 5.9

Blood Diseases 10.6 0.7 3.0 14.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5

Subtotal 406.4 67.2 149.0 622.6 20.9 30.3 26.5 22.9

Diseases of the Digestive System 209.3 11.4 25.5 246.2 10.8 5.1 4.5 9.0

Neoplasms 93.2 18.8 116.1 228.1 4.8 8.5 20.7 8.4

Mental Disorders 165.6 29.2 9.6 204.4 8.5 13.2 1.7 7.5

Diseases of the Nervous System 147.5 8.7 13.0 169.2 7.6 3.9 2.3 6.2

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal 

System

116.7 22.6 2.9 142.2 6.0 10.2 0.5 5.2

Diseases of the Genitourinary System 87.3 5.8 6.9 100.0 4.5 2.6 1.2 3.7

Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic 

Diseases

80.6 7.2 20.5 108.3 4.2 3.2 3.7 4.0

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 41.6 13.5 26.6 81.7 2.1 6.1 4.7 3.0

Diseases of the Skin 46.5 1.6 0.7 48.8 2.4 0.7 0.1 1.8

Other and Unallocated to Diseases 546.6 35.5 190.5 772.6 28.2 16.0 33.9 28.4

Total $1,941.3 $221.5 $561.3 $2,724.1 100% 100% 100% 100%

* Direct costs are personal health care expenditures for hospital and nursing home care, drugs, home care, and physician and other professional services. The 

estimation method is based on Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) projections for total 2008 health expenditures by type of direct costs and NCHS 

estimates of direct costs in 1995 for each of the major diagnostic groups. The proportion of costs for 1995 for each diagnostic group is applied to the equivalent 

2008 total by type of direct cost.

** Morbidity costs were estimated for 2008 by multiplying NCHS estimates for 1980 by a 1980–2008 percent inflation factor derived from the increase in mean 

earnings estimated by the Bureau of the Census.

† The mortality cost for each disease group was estimated for 2008 by first multiplying the number of deaths in 2004 in each age- and sex-specific group by the 

2003 value of lifetime earnings (latest available) discounted at 3 percent; second, summing these estimates for each diagnostic group; and third, multiplying the 

estimates by a 2003–2008 inflation factor (1.14) based on change in mean earnings. 

‡ Costs of blood clotting disease are estimated from predetermined proportions of CVD morbidity and mortality statistics for MI, cerebrovascular diseases, and 

diseases of arteries.

§ Does not include lung cancer or leukemia.

Note: Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding.

Sources: Estimates by the NHLBI; data from the NCHS, the CMS, the Bureau of the Census, and the Institute for Health and Aging, University of California,

Total Economic Costs, U.S., 2008 Economic Costs of Cardiovascular, Lung, and 

Blood Diseases, U.S., 2008

Cardiovascular

16.5%

Blood

0.5%

Other

77.1%

Lung

5.9%

Indirect 34.7%

Morbidity

10.8%

Mortality

23.9%

Direct

65.3%

49

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

5. Institute-Initiated Programs 

Starting in FY 2007

More than two-thirds of the research supported 

by the NHLBI is initiated by individual investigators; the remainder is initiated by the Institute. 

Institute-initiated programs are developed in 

response to evolving national needs, congressional 

mandates, and advances in scientific knowledge. 

Each initiative represents the outcome of extensive 

discussions and thorough reviews by representatives 

of the scientific community, Institute advisory committees, the Board of Extramural Experts (BEE), 

and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory 

Council (NHLBAC). The advisory committees and 

the BEE, together with professional societies and 

NHLBI staff, continually review the progress of 

research within the NHLBI program areas, assess 

newly acquired knowledge, and identify research 

topics that offer the best opportunities or constitute 

the greatest needs. This planning process contributes to policy development at the national level by 

setting priorities among programs and establishing 

budgets for individual programs and projects.

Initiatives generally emanate as Requests for 

Applications (RFAs) for grants, including cooperative agreements, or Requests for Proposals (RFPs) 

for contracts. A smaller number of initiatives take 

the form of Program Announcements (PAs). 

Applications and proposals submitted in response 

to RFAs and RFPs compete among themselves for 

specific “set-aside” funds. Applications submitted 

in response to PAs generally compete with other 

investigator-initiated applications for funding.

RFA, RFP, and PA concepts prepared by the 

Institute are presented to the BEE, which reviews 

and prioritizes them. The concepts, along with the 

comments from the BEE, are then sent to the 

NHLBAC for review, comment, and concurrence. 

Initiatives that receive the concurrence of the 

NHLBAC are considered further by the NHLBI 

Director in the context of the Institute’s budget, 

program priorities, review workload, and proposed 

mechanisms. These considerations guide the 

Director’s subsequent decisions to approve initiatives for release. RFAs, RFPs, and PAs are 

announced in the NIH Guide to Grants and 

Contracts.

Applications and proposals submitted in response 

to RFAs and RFPs are reviewed by the NHLBI. 

Applications submitted in response to PAs are 

reviewed by the NIH Center for Scientific Review.

Descriptions of the Institute-initiated programs 

that began or were renewed (i.e., were funded) in 

FY 2007 are presented below according to NHLBI 

scientific programs. Also described are trans-NIH 

and inter-Agency initiatives in which the NHLBI 

participates.

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Initiative Being Renewed

Summer Institute for Training in Biostatistics

The purpose of this renewal is to develop, conduct, and evaluate a 6-week summer course in basic 

principles, methodologies, and applications of biostatistics in clinical research with relevant examples 

from heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders.

New Initiatives

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network

The purpose of this RFA is to establish a network 

to develop, conduct, and evaluate multiple, collaborative, cell-based therapies for the management of 

CVD.

Cardiovascular Research Network in 

Community‐Based Care

The purpose of this RFA is to establish a cardiovascular research network to increase scientific 

knowledge of CVD—including epidemiology, risk 

and risk factors, prevention, detection and diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis—in the context of 

community-based health care delivery. The program 

will facilitate the conduct of CVD research across 

multiple heath care organizations; conduct multisite, 

collaborative research using integrated data systems; 

and perform short-term investigation of emerging 

public health issues.
50

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

Lung Diseases Program

New Initiatives

Career Development Program in the Genetics and 

Genomics of Lung Diseases

The purpose of this RFA is to create multidisciplinary 

career development programs in genetics and genomics 

of lung diseases that will equip new investigators with 

the knowledge and skills to become independent investigators and assume academic leadership roles in this 

rapidly evolving field.

Collaborative Studies on Lung Stem Cell Biology and 

Cell-Based Therapy

The purpose of this RFA is to foster collaborative 

research between basic scientists and clinical investigators that will lead to cell-based therapies for lung 

diseases.

Longitudinal Studies of HIV-Associated Lung 

Infections and Complications

The purpose of this RFA is to conduct longitudinal 

studies to characterize HIV-associated lung infections 

and their complications and consequences in existing 

HIV-infected cohorts and other established HIV-infected 

patients groups.

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial

The purpose of this RFP is to determine the efficacy 

of long-term oxygen treatment for improving survival in 

patients with COPD and less-than-severe hypoxemia at 

rest.

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research in 

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The purpose of this SCCOR is to establish centers 

that will conduct multidisciplinary research on COPD 

and promote rapid translation of basic scientific findings 

into clinical applications for its diagnosis, treatment, and 

prevention. The initiative will emphasize research that 

answers clinically relevant questions that enable basic 

science findings to be applied more rapidly to clinical 

problems.

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research in 

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

The purpose of this SCCOR is to conduct multidisciplinary research to answer clinically relevant questions 

related to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of 

pulmonary vascular disease. The initiative will address 

research on primary (idiopathic) and secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension, acute and chronic pulmonary 

thromboembolism, right ventricular dysfunction, and 

pulmonary vascular disorders in infants and children.

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Initiative Being Renewed

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Trials 

Network

The purpose of this renewal is to continue support for 

the Network to evaluate promising new therapies for 

hemostatic disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and thrombotic thrombocytopenic 

purpura, and to evaluate new blood products, especially 

platelets and platelet substitutes and cytokines, such as 

thrombopoietin.

New Initiatives

Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Academic Career 

Awards

The purpose of this RFA is to establish a training program for curriculum development and implementation in 

pediatric transfusion medicine and to attract young 

investigators into the field. 

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study-II: Refinement 

and Manufacture of HIV EIA and Rapid Tests for Use 

in HIV Vaccine Trials

The purpose of this RFP is to support refinement and 

manufacture of HIV-SELECTEST enzyme-linked 

immuno-absorbent assay (EIA) kits and a Rapid HIV-1 

Antibody Test for distribution to national and international laboratories conducting Phase II/III HIV-1 vaccine 

trials. The diagnostic tests should allow investigators to 

differentiate between participants recently infected with 

HIV and HIV-negative vaccinated participants.

Trans-NHLBI

Initiatives Being Renewed

Ancillary Studies in Clinical Trials

The purpose of this renewal is to support timesensitive ancillary studies in conjunction with ongoing 

clinical trials of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. Information gained from the studies 

will permit better correlation of clinical course and 

outcome and lead to improved prognostic assessments 

and patient care.
51

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

NHLBI Genelink

The purpose of this renewal is to support an infrastructure established in 2003 to facilitate gene finding 

by (a) promoting sharing of results of genetic analyses; 

(b) providing an open resource of linked, searchable 

linkage, and association analysis results placed on a 

common physical map; and (c) providing bioinformatics 

tools to assist researchers in prioritizing and following 

up findings from linkage and genome-wide association 

studies.

Programs in Gene by Environment Interaction 

The purpose of this renewal is to support a unique 

collaborative structure established in 2002 to search for 

genetic variants influencing response to prescribed environmental changes using a family-based approach.

Summer Institute Program To Increase Diversity in 

Health-Related Research

The purpose of this renewal is to develop the research 

skills of faculty and scientists who are from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups or disadvantaged background or who have disabilities so that they may 

successfully compete for funding for biomedical and 

behavioral research relevant to heart, lung, and blood 

diseases and sleep disorders.

New Initiatives

Computational Modeling for Heart, Lung, Blood, and 

Sleep Biologists: Introductory Courses

The purpose of this RFA is to develop, implement, 

and evaluate short courses (optimally 1 to 2 weeks) in 

computational modeling for biomedical researchers and 

clinical scientists. The goal of the courses is to promote 

interdisciplinary research and training by increasing the 

number of researchers with knowledge and skills to 

apply experimental and computational approaches to 

heart, lung, blood, and sleep research.

Genome-Wide Association Studies To Identify Genetic 

Components That Relate to Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Disorders

The purpose of this RFA is to support genome-wide 

association studies by using existing population, family, 

and clinical studies to identify genetic components 

related to heart, lung, and blood disorders and their risk 

factors.

NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program

The purpose of this RFP is to promote the translation 

of gene therapy from the bench to the bedside. The 

Program will comprise a Clinical Coordinating Center, 

a preclinical grade vector production core laboratory, 

two clinical grade vector production core laboratories, 

and a pharmacology/toxicology core laboratory.

Trans-NIH

Initiatives Being Renewed

Bioengineering Approaches to Energy Balance and 

Obesity

The purpose of this renewal is to develop and 

evaluate innovative engineering approaches to clinical 

problems related to energy balance, intake, and expenditure. Engineers, physical scientists, mathematicians, 

and scientists from relevant disciplines with expertise in 

obesity and nutrition are encouraged to collaborate in 

research leading to the development of new technologies 

and tools that will improve the ability of scientists to 

address problems of weight control and obesity.

Bioengineering Research Grants

The purpose of this renewal is to encourage multidisciplinary, integrative research that applies systems 

approaches to prevent, detect, diagnose, or treat disease 

or to improve understanding of health and behavior. 

These grants differ from Bioengineering Research 

Partnerships in that the research is performed in a single 

laboratory, by a single investigator, or by a small group 

of investigators.

Bioengineering Research Partnerships 

The purpose of this renewal is to encourage multidisciplinary, integrative research partnerships that apply 

systems approaches to prevent, detect, diagnose, or treat 

disease or to improve understanding of health and 

behavior.

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

The purpose of this renewal is to support investigators who seek training in the use of stem cells in 

research. Candidates must have as a mentor a sponsor 

who is a well-qualified stem cell expert.

Clinical Research Education and Career Development 

in Minority Institutions

The purpose of this renewal is to develop and implement a curriculum leading to an accredited Master of 
52

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

Science in Clinical Research or an accredited Master of 

Public Health in a clinically relevant area for doctoral 

and postdoctoral candidates at minority institutions. The 

5-year program consists of two phases. Phase I lasts 

2 years and offers a structured curriculum and mentored 

clinical research training that leads to a Master’s degree. 

Phase II provides continued mentoring and career development in clinical research for up to 3 years as part of 

the training and skill development to become an independent clinical investigator.

Exploratory/Developmental Bioengineering Research 

Grants

The purpose of this renewal is to support innovative, 

high-risk exploratory or developmental bioengineering 

research whether or not preliminary results have been 

obtained.

Exploratory/Developmental Research Grants

The purpose of this renewal is to encourage novel 

scientific ideas, model systems, tools, agents, targets, 

and technologies that have the potential to substantially 

advance biomedical research. R21 awards allow investigators with innovative ideas to obtain support for early 

and conceptual-stage research without the need for large 

amounts of preliminary data that often serves as a barrier 

to entry into the NIH grants system.

Independent Scientist Award

The purpose of this renewal is to foster the research 

development of promising individuals in the formative 

years of their career by providing salary support and 

protected time for 3 to 5 years.

Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Career 

Development Award

The purpose of this renewal is to provide support and 

protected time for intensive, supervised research career 

development in biomedical, behavioral, and translational 

research. 

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development 

Award 

The purpose of this renewal is to support the career 

development of investigators with quantitative scientific 

and engineering backgrounds outside of biology or 

medicine who have made a commitment to focus their 

research endeavors on biomedicine, bioengineering, 

biobehavioral, or biomedical research.

National Research Service Awards for Individual 

Postdoctoral Fellows 

The purpose of this renewal is to ensure that diverse 

pools of highly trained scientists will be available in 

adequate numbers and in appropriate research areas to 

carry out the Institute’s biomedical, behavioral, and 

clinical research agendas.

Research on Sleep and Sleep Disorders

The purpose of this renewal is to advance biomedical 

knowledge related to sleep and sleep disorders, improve 

understanding of the neurobiology and functions of 

sleep over the lifespan, enhance timely diagnosis and 

effective treatment for individuals affected by sleeprelated disorders, and implement and evaluate innovative community-based public health education and 

intervention programs.

New Initiatives

Anemia in the Elderly

The purpose of this RFA is to determine the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical aspects of anemia 

in the elderly. Research findings should lead to 

improvements in the health and well-being of elderly 

patients with anemia and decrease functional impairment and morbidity associated with anemia in this 

population.

Directed Stem Cell Differentiation for Cell-Based 

Therapies for Heart, Lung, Blood, and Aging Diseases

The purpose of this PA is to define factors and mechanisms that control differentiation of embryonic or adult 

stem or progenitor cells. The ultimate goal of the program is to develop methods to direct differentiation or 

development of stem cells along specific cell lineages to 

yield replacement cells for clinical use, whether the 

replacement cells are formed in vitro for delivery or in 

vivo in the tissue or organ environment.

Effect of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination/Bias on 

Health Care Delivery 

The purpose of this PA is to stimulate research on 

improving measures (i.e., instrumentation, data collection, and statistical/analytical techniques) of racial/

ethnic discrimination in health care delivery systems; to 

enhance understanding of the influence of discrimination 

in health care delivery and its association with disparities in disease incidence, treatment, and outcomes; and 
53

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

to reduce prevalence of health disparities by developing 

interventions to reduce the influence of discrimination 

on health care delivery systems in the United States.

Environmental Pathways and Susceptibility: 

Comparative Biology Elucidation

The purpose of this RFA is to understand the 

responses of biological pathways and networks to 

perturbation by environmental factors, stressors, or 

alcohol that can alter an individual’s susceptibility to 

complex human diseases. The NHLBI is interested in 

combining comparative genomics and other “omics” 

(e.g., proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics) with 

informatics and high throughput technologies (RNA 

interference, tissues arrays) into a comprehensive 

pathway-driven approach to study environmental factors 

that contribute to heart, lung, or blood diseases or sleep 

disorders.

Heterogeneity of Fat Depots: Underlying Basis and 

Association With Morbidity

The purpose of this PA is to explore the fundamental 

mechanisms contributing to the heterogeneity of fat 

depots and to determine how these differences correlate 

with obesity and its associated morbidities. The goal of 

the initiative is to increase understanding of the interactions among cell populations in order to identify biomarkers of changes in cellular physiology and 

metabolism brought on by obesity. Research findings 

are expected to yield new targets for therapeutics to disrupt the progression of obesity to diabetes, atherosclerosis, and hypertension.

Improved Measures of Diet and Physical Activity for 

the Genes and Environment Initiative

The purpose of this RFA is to develop new or to 

improve existing sensor devices and systems that can be 

used in free-living populations to provide quantitative, 

reliable, field-deployable measurement of personal-level 

exposure to dietary intake and physical activity. 

Individual Predoctoral Fellowships To Promote 

Diversity in Health-Related Research

The purpose of this PA is to improve diversity of the 

health-related research workforce by supporting the 

training of predoctoral students from underrepresented 

groups (i.e., students from underrepresented racial and 

ethnic groups, students with disabilities, and students 

from disadvantaged backgrounds).

Innovative Applications of Nanotechnology to Heart, 

Lung, Blood, and Sleep Disorders

The purpose of this PA is to encourage innovative, 

high-risk strategies based on nanotechnology to diagnose and treat heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders and to identify environmental influences on 

those conditions.

Methods of Analysis of Gene–Environment 

Interactions in Complex Diseases: The Genes and 

Environment Initiative

The purpose of this RFA is to encourage collaborations among scientists from the fields of genetics, environmental health, epidemiology, biostatistics, and 

bioinformatics to develop and evaluate innovative 

strategies for identifying gene–environment interactions 

in genome-wide association, sequencing, linkage, or 

candidate gene studies in complex diseases.

NIH Pathway to Independence Award

The purpose of this PA is to increase and maintain a 

strong cohort of new and talented NIH-supported independent investigators by fostering the transition of postdoctoral scientists from mentored environments to 

independence.

Nuclear Receptor Signaling Consortium

The purpose of this renewal is to complete the development and implementation of an atlas of nuclear hormone receptors (NHR). The Consortium is responsible 

for (a) developing critical resources, datasets, and 

reagents; (b) developing novel technologies and new 

concepts in NHR and coregulator biology; (c) designing 

studies with immediate translational effect on human 

disease, and (d) promoting activities to ensure communication of ideas, resources, and technologies to the 

broader research community.

Relationship Between Hypertension and Inflammation

The purpose of this PA is to study the interaction 

between hypertension and inflammation and to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the 

elevation of blood pressure and the production of 

inflammatory factors.

Venous Thrombosis and Thromboembolism in the 

Elderly

The purpose of this RFA is to understand the factors 

that contribute to the age-related increase in risk of 
54

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

Interagency

New Initiative

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigations in 

Cardiovascular Medicine

The purpose of this RFA is to establish a cooperative 

network of academic centers with cardiothoracic surgeons and their colleagues in allied specialties that will 

foster rigorous scientific evaluation of newer surgical 

techniques, technologies, and devices or innovative 

pharmaceutical and bioengineered products directed 

toward CVD and to provide a scientific basis for their 

use. The Network will also serve as a clinical trials 

training ground for fellows and junior faculty.

thrombosis and thromboembolism in the elderly and to 

translate that knowledge to improvements in diagnosis, 

treatment, and prevention.

Trans-PHS

New Initiative 

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: 

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures

The purpose of this RFP is to define pathogenetically 

homogeneous subgroups of individuals with COPD 

based on biomarkers, genotypes, and CT images and to 

identify intermediate outcome measures for use in future 

clinical trials.
55

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

Structure

Chair: Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D., Director, 

NHLBI

Executive Secretary: Stephen C. Mockrin, 

Ph.D., Director, Division of Extramural Research 

Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, 

Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0260 

The Secretary of HHS appoints 18 members: 

12 members are leading representatives of the health 

and scientific disciplines (including public health 

and behavioral or social sciences), and 6 are from 

the general public and are leaders in the fields of 

public policy, law, health policy, economics, and 

management. 

Members are appointed for overlapping terms of 

4 years. 

The Council includes the following ex officio 

members: 

• Secretary, HHS 

• Director, NIH 

• Director, NHLBI 

• Chief Medical Director, or Designee, Veterans 

Affairs 

• Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health 

Affairs, or Designee. 

Functions

The NHLBAC reviews applications for research 

grants, cooperative agreements, and training 

grants in heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood 

diseases; sleep disorders; and blood resources, and 

recommends scientific projects that merit support to 

the Director, NHLBI. 

The Council advises the Secretary, HHS, the 

Assistant Secretary for Health, HHS, and the Directors, NIH and NHLBI, on matters relating to causes, 

prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases 

and resources within the purview of the Institute. 

The Council also may review any grant, contract, 

or cooperative agreement proposed to be made or 

entered into by the Institute; may make recommendations to the Director of the Institute respecting 

research conducted at the Institute; may collect, by 

correspondence or by personal investigation, information as to studies that are being carried on in the 

United States or any other country with respect to 

the cause, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of 

heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases, and to 

the use of blood and blood products and the management of blood resources and with the approval 

of the Director of the Institute, make available 

such information through appropriate publications 

for the benefit of public and private health entities 

and health professions personnel and scientists and 

for the information of the general public; and may 

assemble ad hoc working groups, appoint subcommittees, and convene workshops and conferences.

The Council may also make recommendations 

to the Director, NIH and other authorized officials 

regarding the acceptance of conditional gifts pursuant to section 231 of the Public Health Service Act, 

as amended. 

Meetings 

The Chair convenes meetings not fewer than four 

times a year and approves the agenda. 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council
56

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D. 

Chair 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Jeanine Arden Ornt, J.D. (2010)

Case Western Reserve University

Roberto Bolli, M.D. (2007)

University of Louisville

Richard C. Boucher, Jr., M.D. (2007)

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Shaun R. Coughlin, M.D., Ph.D. (2010)

University of California, San Francisco

Victor J. Dzau, M.D. (2009)

Duke University

Charles T. Esmon, Ph.D. (2008)

Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation

Joe G. N. Garcia, M.D. (2010)

University of Chicago

Katherine A. High, M.D. (2008)

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Helen H. Hobbs, M.D. (2009)

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Jennie R. Joe, Ph.D. (2009)

University of Arizona

J. Hoxi Jones (2008)

Texas Health and Human Services Commission

Robert F. Lemanske, Jr., M.D. (2007)

University of Wisconsin Hospital

Joseph Loscalzo, M.D., Ph.D. (2009)

Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Jeffrey McCullough, M.D. (2008)

University of Minnesota

S. K. Rao Musunuru, M.D. (2010)

Bayonet Point/Hudson Cardiology Associates

Paula Y. Polite (2010)

Division of General Services, Memphis

Steven D. Shapiro, M.D. (2010)

University of Pittsburgh

Patricia W. Wahl, Ph.D. (2008)

University of Washington

Ex Officio Members 

Robert L. Jesse, M.D., Ph.D.

McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Michael O. Leavett

Department of Health and Human Services

Cdr. Richard T. Mahon, M.D.

Naval Medical Research Center

Elias A. Zerhouni, Jr., M.D.

National Institutes of Health

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council Membership* 

* Current as of October 2007. The current roster, containing full addresses for the NHLBI Advisory Council and Committees, can be obtained 

from the Internet at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/nhlbac/roster.htm.
57

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee 

Chair: F. Daniel Armstrong, Ph.D., University of 

Miami School of Medicine

Executive Secretary: Robert B. Moore, Ph.D., 

Health Scientist Administrator, Division of Blood 

Diseases and Resources, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0050 

The Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee advises 

the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HHS and the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the 

DBDR on matters related to the Sickle Cell Disease 

Program and makes recommendations concerning planning, execution, and evaluation of all aspects of the 

program. 

Membership* 

Michael A. Bender, M.D., Ph.D. (2010)

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Michael R. DeBaun, M.D. (2007)

Washington University School of Medicine

Johnson Haynes, Jr., M.D. (2007) 

University of South Alabama College of Medicine

Frans A. Kuypers, Ph.D. (2008)

Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute

Punam Malik, M.D. (2010)

Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Shirley Miller (2008)

Children’s Medical Center of Dallas

Dorothy C. Moore, M.D. (2007) 

Sickle Cell Disease Association of America

Eugene P. Orringer, M.D. (2008)

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Ex Officio Members 

Joseph Desimone, Ph.D. 

Department of Veterans Affairs, Chicago

Marie C. Earley, Ph.D. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

John T. Farrar, M.D.

Department of Veterans Affairs

Marie Y. Mann, M.D. 

Health Resources and Services Administration

David E. McCune, M.D.

Madigan Army Medical Center

Enrique Mendez, Jr., M.D.

Department of Defense

Elias A. Zerhouni, Jr., M.D.

National Institutes of Health

Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board 

Chair: Phyllis C. Zee, M.D., Ph.D., Northwestern 

University Medical School 

Executive Secretary: Michael J. Twery, Ph.D., 

Director, National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, 

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 

20892; 301–435–0202.

The Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board 

advises the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the 

NCSDR on matters related to the scientific activities carried out by and through the Center and policies 

regarding such activities, including the identification of 

research priorities for coordination of sleep and sleep 

disorders research by the NIH and other Federal, professional, and voluntary organizations. 

Membership* 

Sonia Ancoli-Israel, Ph.D. (2010)

University of California, San Diego School of Medicine

Sheila C. Connolly, R.N. (2007)

Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation

Estelle B. Gauda, M.D. (2010)

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

* Current as of October 2007.

Program Advisory and Review Committee 
58

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Elizabeth M. Johns (2008)

Patient Advocate for Sleep-Disordered Breathing

F. Javier Nieto, M.D., Ph.D. (2010)

University of Wisconsin School of Medicine

Gina R. Poe, Ph.D. (2007)

University of Michigan Medical Center

Stuart F. Quan, M.D. (2008)

University of Arizona College of Medicine

Howard P. Roffwarg, M.D. (2009)

University of Mississippi Medical Center

Michael H. Smolensky, Ph.D. (2008)

University of Texas

Lorraine L. Wearley, Ph.D. (2007)

Lorraine Wearley Consulting, LLC

Ex Officio Members 

Thomas J. Balkin, Ph.D.

Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

Robert W. Greene, M.D., Ph.D.

Veterans Administration, North Texas Medical Center 

Merrill M. Mitler, Ph.D.

NINDS, National Institutes of Health

Andrew Monjan, Ph.D.

NIA, National Institutes of Health

Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D.

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health

Anand K. Parekh, M.D., M.P.H.

Department of Health and Human Services

Michael J. Twery, Ph.D.

NCSDR, National Institutes of Health

Marian Willinger, Ph.D.

NICHD, National Institutes of Health

Elias A. Zerhouni, Jr., M.D.

National Institutes of Health

Heart, Lung, and Blood Initial Review Group 

Scientific Review Officer: Jeffery H.

Hurst, Ph.D., Health Science Administrator, 

Division of Extramural Research Activities, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–435–0303 

The Heart, Lung, and Blood Initial Review Group 

provides initial technical merit review for the NHLBAC 

and the Director, NHLBI. This group consists of three 

subcommittees: the Heart, Lung, and Blood Program 

Project Review Committee, the Clinical Trials Review 

Committee, and the NHLBI Institutional Training 

Mechanism Review Committee. 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review 

Committee 

Chair: Howard A. Rockman, M.D., Duke University 

Medical Center 

Scientific Review Officer: Jeffery H. 

Hurst, Ph.D., Health Scientist Administrator, 

Division of Extramural Research Activities, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–435–0303 

The Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review 

Committee provides initial technical merit review for 

the NHLBAC and the Director, NHLBI on program 

project applications proposing research in the areas of 

heart, lung, and blood diseases and resources. 

Membership* 

Edward Abraham, M.D. (2009)

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Karen E. Bornfeldt, Ph.D. (2011)

University of Washington

Peng-Sheng Chen, M.D. (2010)

Indiana University School of Medicine

Louis J. Dell’Italia, M.D. (2008) 

University of Alabama School of Medicine

Kathy K. Griendling, Ph.D. (2008)

Emory University

* Current as of October 2007.
59

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Samuel Hawgood, M.D. (2010)

University of California, San Francisco

Catherine C. Hedrick, Ph.D. (2011)

University of Virginia

Timothy T. Hla, Ph.D. (2008)

University of Connecticut School of Medicine

Sriram Krishnaswamy, Ph.D. (2009)

Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Diane J. Nugent, M.D. (2009)

University of California, Los Angeles

Bruce R. Pitt, Ph.D. (2009)

University of Pittsburgh

Ann Marie Schmidt, M.D., Ph.D. (2010)

Columbia University

Curt D. Sigmund, Ph.D. (2011)

University of Iowa

Susan S. Smyth, M.D., Ph.D. (2009)

University of Kentucky

Arun Srivastava, Ph.D. (2011)

University of Florida

Robert A. Wise, M.D. (2010)

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Katherine E. Yutzey, Ph.D. (2010)

Children’s Hospital Research Foundation 

Clinical Trials Review Committee 

Chair: Ileana L. Pina, M.D., Case Western Reserve 

University

Scientific Review Officer: Patricia A. Haggerty, 

Ph.D., Health Science Administrator, Division of 

Extramural Research Activities, NHLBI, National 

Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–435–0288 

The Clinical Trials Review Committee provides initial technical merit review for the NHLBAC and the 

Director of the NHLBI on clinical trial applications for 

the support of studies to evaluate preventive or therapeutic measures of blood, cardiovascular, or lung diseases. 

Membership* 

Walter T. Ambrosius, Ph.D. (2010)

Wake Forest University

Antonio Anzueto, M.D. (2008)

University of Texas Health Science Center 

at San Antonio

Ulrika M. Birgersdotter-Green, M.D. (2009)

University of California, San Diego

Ivan Chan, Ph.D. (2010)

Merck Research Laboratories

Terry B. Gernsheimer, M.D. (2009)

University of Washington School of Medicine

Robert A. Harrington, M.D. (2010)

Duke School of Medicine

John B. Kostis, M.D. (2008)

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey

Cora E. Lewis, M.D. (2008)

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Pamela Ouyang, M.D. (2010)

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Julio A. Panza, M.D. (2009)

Washington Hospital Center

John J. Reilly, M.D. (2009)

Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Alexis A. Thompson, M.D. (2008)

Northwestern University Medical School

* Current as of October 2007.
60

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

NHLBI Institutional Training Mechanism 

Review Committee

Chair: William C. Balke, M.D., University of 

Kentucky

Scientific Review Officer: Charles Joyce, Ph.D., 

Health Science Administrator, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0291

NHLBI Institutional Training Mechanism Review 

Committee provides initial technical merit review for 

the NHLBAC and the Director of the NHLBI on training applications that provide predoctoral, postdoctoral, 

and short-term research training at academic institutions.

Membership*

Ifeanyi J. Arinze, Ph.D. (2008)

Meharry Medical College

Linda J. Burns, M.D. (2011)

University of Minnesota

David M. Center, M.D. (2011)

Boston University Medical Campus

David M. Guidot, M.D. (2010)

Emory University

Meredith Hay, Ph.D. (2009)

University of Iowa

Carlton A. Hornung, Ph.D. (2010)

University of Louisville

Mariell Jessup, M.D. (2009)

University of Pennsylvania Health System

Craig K. Kent, M.D. (2010)

Weill Medical College of Cornell University

Bertram H. Lubin, M.D. (2010)

Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute

Russell V. Luepker, M.D. (2008)

University of Minnesota

* Current as of October 2007.

Jonathan C. Makielski, M.D. (2008)

University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics

Fernando J. Martinez, M.D. (2009)

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Josef T. Prchal, M.D. (2008)

University of Utah

Sharon Rounds, M.D. (2010)

Brown University

Robin Shandas, Ph.D. (2008)

University of Colorado Health Sciences Center

Sanjeev G. Shroff, Ph.D. (2010)

University of Pittsburgh

Brian Smith, M.D. (2011)

Yale University School of Medicine

Marilyn J. Telen, M.D. (2009)

Duke University Medical Center

Mary I. Townsley, Ph.D. (2008)

University of South Alabama

Donna H. Wang, M.D. (2011)

Michigan State University

Scott T. Weiss, M.D. (2011)

Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Marlys H. Witte, M.D. (2009)

University of Arizona

Reen Wu, Ph.D. (2011)

University of California at Davis

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Special Emphasis Panel 

The Institute has established the NHLBI Special 

Emphasis Panel (SEP) to perform initial peer review of 

applications and proposals that were previously handled 

by ad hoc committees. Concept review, previously 

handled by divisional program advisory committees, has 
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

also been incorporated into the SEP system. The SEP, 

which has neither a fixed membership nor a set meeting 

schedule, is constituted to provide required peer review 

expertise at precisely the time that it is needed. 

Board of Scientific Counselors 

Chair: Gary K. Owens, M.D., Ph.D., University of 

Virginia School of Medicine

Executive Secretary: Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D., 

Director, Laboratory Research Program, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–496–2116 

The Board of Scientific Counselors advises the 

Director and the Deputy Director for Intramural 

Research, NIH, and the Directors of NHLBI and the 

Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, on the intramural research programs of the NHLBI. 

Membership* 

Stephen Black, Ph.D. (2011)

Medical College of Georgia

Eduardo Marban, M.D., Ph.D. (2011)

Johns Hopkins University

Elizabeth M. McNally, M.D., Ph.D. (2010)

University of Chicago

Edwin W. Taylor, Ph.D. (2009)

University of Chicago

Alan S. Verkman, M.D., Ph.D. (2009)

University of California, San Francisco

* Current as of October 2007.

63

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

 7. Fiscal Year 2007 Budget Overview 

 NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2007

Funding Mechanism 

 Obligated Dollars*

(Thousands) 

 Percent of Total 

NHLBI Budget 

 Research Project Grants** $1,986,692 68.0% 

 SCORs/SCCORs 113,903 3.9 

 Sickle Cell Centers 23,560 0.8 

 Centers for AIDS Research 3,571 0.1 

 Other Research Grants 135,284 4.6 

 Research Careers Programs† 74,954 2.6 

 Training Programs 93,316 3.2 

 Research and Development Contracts 295,842 10.1 

 Intramural Laboratory and Clinical Research 169,549 5.8 

 Research Management and Support‡ 100,606 3.4 

 Total Obligations $2,922,323 100% 

 *

 Excludes funds provided by other Agencies by means of a reimbursable agreement.

 ** Includes $73,515 for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants/Small Business Technology Transfer Grants (STTR).

 †

 Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

 ‡

 Excludes OD and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.

 NHLBI Total Obligations 

by Budget Category 

 NHLBI Extramural 

Obligations by Program 

 NHLBI Extramural 

Obligations by Division 

 For detailed data on FY 2007:

 • Research grants, see Chapters 9 and 11

 • Research and development contracts, see Chapters 10 and 11

 • Research training and career development, see Chapter 13

 • Geographic distribution of awards, see Chapter 14. 

 Heart and

Vascular

Diseases*

55.6% 

 Research

Management

Support

3.4% 

 Intramural

Laboratory and

Clinical Research

5.8% 

 Blood 

Diseases

and Resources

14.7% 

 Lung

Diseases

20.5% 

 Heart and

Vascular

Diseases*

61.3% 

 Lung

Diseases

22.5% 

 Blood 

Diseases

and Resources

16.2% 

 Lung

Diseases

22.5% 

 Prevention

and Population

Sciences

12.1% 

 Cardiovascular

Diseases

49.1% 

 Blood Diseases

and Resources

16.2% 

 * Includes Cardiovascular Diseases and Prevention and Population Sciences .
64

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2007

Program

Obligated Dollars

(Thousands)

Percent of NHLBI 

Extramural Budget

Heart and Vascular Diseases* $1,624,819 61.3%

Lung Diseases 597,640 22.5

Blood Diseases and Resources 429,709 16.2

Total, Extramural Obligations $2,652,168 100%

* Includes Cardiovascular Diseases and Prevention and Population Sciences.

NHLBI Cardiovascular Diseases Program*

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2007

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $1,026,990 78.8%

SCORs/SCCORs 46,772 3.6

Other Research Grants 42,353 3.3

Research Career Programs** 30,374 2.3

Training Programs 45,894 3.5

Research and Development Contracts 140,770 10.8

Total, Cardiovascular Diseases $1,302,779 100%

* Includes Cardiovascular Diseases only. ** Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

NHLBI Prevention and Population Sciences Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2007

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $186,643 58.0%

SCORs/SCCORs — —

Other Research Grants 8,990 2.8

Research Career Programs* 5,859 1.8

Training Programs 6,972 2.2

Research and Development Contracts 119,435 37.1

Total, Prevention and Population Sciences $322,040 100%

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

NHLBI Lung Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2007

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $454,866 76.1%

SCORs/SCCORs 47,224 7.9

Other Research Grants 55,029 9.2

Research Career Programs* 24,218 4.1

Training Programs 25,330 4.2

Research and Development Contracts 15,915 2.5

Total, Lung Diseases $597,640 100%

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2007

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $318.193 74.0%

SCORs/SCCORs 19,908 4.6

Sickle Cell Centers 23,559 5.5

Centers for AIDS Research 3,571 0.8

Other Research Grants 28,912 6.7

Research Career Programs* 14,503 3.4

Training Programs 15,120 3.5

Research and Development Contracts 20,446 4.8

Total, Blood Diseases and Resources $429,709 100%

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

8. Long-Term Trends

A TQ=Transition Quarter, July 1–September 30, 1976.

B Senate Allowance reflects the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission 

and the HHS rescission.

C Obligations reflect the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission, the 

HHS rescission, and a transfer to other NIH Institutes through the NIH Director’s 

1 percent transfer authority.

D Excludes funds for AIDS research activities consolidated in the NIH Office of 

AIDS Research (OAR).

E Excludes enacted administrative reduction.

F Excludes Director transfer, Secretary transfer, and rescission.

G Includes Bioterrorism reduction.

H Excludes Office of Human Research Protection transfer, Secretary 

transfer, and rescission.

I Excludes Government-wide rescission, Labor/HHS/Education rescission, from 

HHS to OMB rescission, and Secretary 1 percent transfer.

J Excludes Government-wide rescission.

K Includes Roadmap adjustments.

L Includes Roadmap Transfer and Government-wide rescission.

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2007

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal 

Year

Budget Estimate

to Congress

House 

Allowance

Senate 

Allowance Appropriation Obligations

Cumulative Fiscal 

Year Obligations

1950 $ 34,630 $ 11,575 $ 29,117 $ 16,075 $ 15,768 $ 15,768

1951 8,800 8,800 9,400 9,400 8,497 24,265

1952 10,237 10,074 10,156 10,083 9,850 34,115

1953 9,779 9,623 12,000 12,000 11,398 45,513

1954 11,040 12,000 15,418 15,168 14,952 60,465

1955 14,570 16,168 17,168 16,668 16,595 77,060

1956 17,454 17,398 23,976 18,808 18,838 95,898

1957 22,106 25,106 33,396 33,396 32,392 128,290

1958 33,436 33,436 38,784 35,936 35,973 164,263

1959 34,820 36,212 49,529 45,613 45,468 209,731

1960 45,594 52,744 89,500 62,237 61,565 271,296

1961 63,162 71,762 125,166 86,900 86,239 357,535

1962 97,073 105,723 160,000 132,912 110,849 468,384

1963 126,898 143,398 149,498 147,398 120,597 588,981

1964 130,108 129,325 130,545 132,404 117,551 706,532

1965 125,640 124,521 125,171 124,824 124,412 830,944

1966 141,412 146,212 143,462 141,462 141,171 972,115

1967 148,407 154,770 164,770 164,770 164,342 1,136,457

1968 167,954 167,954 177,954 167,954 162,134 1,298,591

1969 169,735 164,120 172,120 166,928 161,834 1,460,425

1970 160,513 160,513 182,000 171,257 160,433 1,620,858

1971 171,747 178,479 203,479 194,901 194,826 1,815,684

1972 195,492 211,624 252,590 232,627 232,577 2,048,261

1973 255,280 300,000 350,000 300,000 255,722 2,303,983

1974 265,000 281,415 320,000 302,915 327,270 2,631,253

1975 309,299 321,196 330,000 327,996 327,953 2,959,206

1976 324,934 329,079 379,059 370,096 368,648 3,327,854

TQA 59,715 58,015 58,015 58,763 60,639 3,388,493

1977 342,855 380,661 420,661 396,661 396,857 3,785,350

1978 403,642 432,642 456,000 447,901 447,968 4,233,318

1979 454,336 485,584 485,584 510,134 510,080 4,743,398

1980 507,344 527,544 527,544 527,544 527,248 5,270,646

1981 532,799 560,264 565,264 549,693 550,072 5,820,718

1982 579,602 583,831 587,741 559,637 559,800 6,380,518

1983 577,143 620,947 624,542 624,259 624,260 7,004,778

1984 639,774 665,859 683,489 704,939 705,064 7,709,842

1985 718,852 764,135 807,149 805,269 803,810 8,513,652

1986 775,254 856,388 863,652 859,239 821,901 9,335,553

1987 785,697 921,410 921,502 930,001 929,982 10,265,535

1988 821,887 990,808 1,000,349 965,536 965,283 11,230,818

1989 1,054,503 1,018,983 1,056,003 1,045,985 1,045,508 12,276,326

1990 1,039,846 1,090,930 1,091,597 1,072,354 1,070,683 13,347,009

1991 1,112,502 1,135,589 1,137,235 1,126,942 1,125,915 14,472,924

1992 1,209,924 1,202,398 1,190,396 1,191,500 1,190,070 15,662,994

1993 1,245,396 1,228,455 1,228,455 1,214,693 1,214,693 16,877,687

1994 1,198,402 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,852 18,155,539

1995 1,266,961 1,259,590 1,259,590 1,258,472 1,314,969 19,470,508

1996 1,337,021 1,355,866 1,320,254B 1,355,866 1,351,422C 20,821,930

1997 1,320,555D 1,438,265 1,344,742D 1,432,529E 1,431,821 22,253,751

1998 1,467,189 1,513,004 1,531,898 1,531,061F 1,526,276 23,780,027

1999 1,709,328G 1,720,344 1,793,697 1,793,697F 1,788,008 25,568,035

2000 1,759,806 1,937,404 2,001,185 2,040,291F 2,027,286 27,595,321

2001 2,069,582 2,328,102 2,328,105 2,299,866H 2,298,035 29,893,356

2002 2,567,429 2,547,675 2,618,966 2,576,125I 2,569,794 32,463,150

2003 2,791,411 2,812,011 2,818,684 2,812,011J 2,793,681 35,256,831

2004 2,867,995 2,867,995 2,897,595 2,882,715K 2,882,601 38,139,432

2005 2,963,953 2,963,953 2,985,900 2,965,453 2,922,573L 41,062,005

2006 2,951,270 2,951,270 3,023,381 2,951,270J 2,893,527 43,955,532

2007 2,901,012 2,901,012 2,924,299 2,921,757 2,922,322L 46,877,854
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management

and Support

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Current Dollars

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Constant 1997 Dollars

Current Dollars (Millions)

Constant 1997 Dollars (Millions)

Note: From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately. In this chart, it has been incorporated into the “Heart” line. The Sleep Disorders Research was 

reported separately from 1996 to 2006. In this chart, it has been incorporated into the “Lung” line.

Note: From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately. In this chart, it has been incorporated into the “Heart” line. The Sleep Disorders Research was 

reported separately from 1996 to 2006. In this chart, it has been incorporated into the “Lung” line.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management

and Support

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management 

and Support

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management 

and Support

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year
69

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Current Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Extramural Research

 Heart $ 737.9 $ 795.6 $ 961.1 $1,115.7 $1,245.8 $1,412.4 $1,538.8 $1,604.7 $1,599.6 $1,582.7 $1,624.9

 Lung 292.1 304.0 377.4 415.5 481.0 535.2 590.5 596.0 628.2 610.3 597.6

 Blood 242.7 257.5 266.1 305.9 364.0 396.0 419.3 429.2 439.5 434.9 429.7

Intramural Research 104.4 111.6 119.5 122.3 133.7 146.7 157.8 164.2 166.3 168.3 169.5

Research Management 

and Support

54.6 57.6 63.9 67.9 73.5 79.4 87.3 88.5 89.0 97.2 100.6

Total $1,431.7 $1,526.3 $1,788.0 $2,027.3 $2,298.0 $2,569.7 $2,793.7 $2,882.6 $2,922.6 $2,893.4 $2,922.3

Note: From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Heart” line. The Sleep Disorders Research was 

reported separately from 1996 to 2006. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Lung” line.

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Constant 1997 Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Extramural Research

 Heart $ 737.9 $ 769.4 $ 900.7 $1,008.8 $1,089.9 $1,195.9 $1,258.2 $1,265.5 $1,214.6 $1,149.4 $1,137.9

 Lung 292.1 294.0 353.7 375.7 420.8 453.2 482.8 470.0 477.0 443.2 418.5

 Blood 242.7 249.0 249.4 276.6 318.5 335.3 342.8 338.5 333.7 315.9 300.9

Intramural Research 104.4 107.9 112.0 110.6 117.0 124.2 129.0 129.5 126.3 122.2 118.7

Research Management 

and Support

54.6 55.7 59.9 61.4 64.3 67.2 71.4 69.8 67.6 70.6 70.4

Total $1,431.7 $1,476.1 $1,675.7 $1,833.0 $2,010.5 $2,175.9 $2,284.3 $2,273.3 $2,219.1 $2,101.3 $2,046.4

This table is based on the Biomedical Research & Development Price Index through 2007.

Note: From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Heart” line. The Sleep Disorders Research was 

reported separately from 1996 to 2006. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Lung” line. 
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Research Grants

Research and

Development (R&D)

Contracts

Training Programs

Intramural Research and

Research Management

and Support

Dollars (Millions)

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Research Grants* $1,100.9 $1,189.8 $1,346.6 $1,570.5 $1,796.9 $2,006.2 $2,172.3 $2,257.3 $2,310.2 $2,275.9 $2,263.1 

Research and Development (R&D) Contracts121.9 116.7 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6 262.8 295.8

Training Programs 49.8 50.6 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.1 88.4 89.2 93.3

Intramural Research and 

Research Management 

and Support**

159.1 169.2 183.4 190.1 207.3 226.1 245.1 252.7 255.4 265.6 270.1

Total $1,431.7 $1,526.3 $1,788.0 $2,027.3 $2,298.0 $2,569.8 $2,793.7 $2,882.6 $2,922.6 $2,893.5 $2,922.3

* Includes Research Career Programs. ** Excludes Office of the Director and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Fiscal Year

Staff 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

FTEs* 829 840 847 865 868 880 880 861 796 797 814

* Full-time equivalents.

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Research Grants

Research and 

Development (R&D) 

Contracts

Training Programs

Intramural Research and 

Research Management 

and Support
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

Percent of Extramural Funds

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

* Includes Research Career Programs.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants

and R&D Contracts)

Grants

R&D Contracts

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Percent of Extramural Funds

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Investigator-Initiated

Grants*

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Investigator-Initiated 

Grants*

Institute-Initiated 

Awards (Grants 

and R&D Contracts)

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Institute-Initiated 

Awards (Grants 

and R&D Contracts)

Grants

R&D Contracts

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* $ 830.3 $ 930.5 $1,022.2 $1,187.4 $1,388.8 $1,521.4 $1,616.1 $1,716.8 $1,747.2 $1,747.0 $1,719.3

Research Career Programs 33.9 36.1 47.7 54.2 57.5 63.5 65.8 67.8 71.0 70.4 55.4

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards

864.2 966.6 1,069.9 1,241.6 1,446.3 1,584.9 1,681.9 1,784.6 1,818.2 1,817.3 1,774.7 

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 236.8 223.2 276.7 328.9 350.7 421.3 490.4 472.5 492.1 458.6 488.2

Centers** 108.7 114.4 119.9 123.8 127.2 128.2 138.9 140.6 151.5 141.1 141.0

R&D Contracts (RFP) 121.9 116.7 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6 262.9 295.8

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated 

Awards

358.7 339.9 473.9 530.2 570.8 679.6 780.9 758.0 760.7 721.4 784.0

Training

Individual Awards 6.8 7.6 9.2 8.9 8.9 9.5 8.6 8.8 9.7 10.0 8.2

Institutional Awards 43.0 43.0 51.6 56.5 64.8 69.7 77.2 78.4 78.7 79.1 85.1

Subtotal, Training 49.8 50.6 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.2 88.4 89.2 93.3

Total, Extramural $1,272.7 $1,357.1 $1,604.6 $1,837.2 $2,090.8 $2,343.7 $2,548.6 $2,629.8 $2,667.3 $2,628.0 $2,652.0 

* Includes all R18s. ** Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs) and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* 65.2% 68.6% 63.7% 64.6% 66.4% 64.9% 63.4% 65.3% 65.5% 66.5% 64.8%

Research Career Programs 

(K04, K06)

2.7 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.1

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards

67.9 71.2 66.7 67.6 69.2 67.6 66.0 67.9 68.2 69.2 66.9

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 18.6 16.4 17.2 17.9 16.8 18.0 19.2 18.0 18.4 17.5 18.4

Centers** 8.5 8.4 7.5 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.4 5.3

R&D Contracts (RFP) 9.6 8.6 12.3 11.0 10.5 11.0 11.4 10.9 10.1 10.0 11.2

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated 

Awards

28.2 25.0 29.5 28.9 27.3 29.0 30.6 28.8 28.5 27.5 29.6

Training

Individual Awards 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3

Institutional Awards 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2

Subtotal, Training 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

* Includes all R18s. ** Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs) and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.
73

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts

Research Training

Dollars (Millions)

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Research Grants* $ 992.3 $1,075.4 $1,226.7 $1,446.7 $1,669.8 $1,878.0 $2,033.4 $2,116.6 $2,158.8 $2,134.9 $2,121.9

Centers 108.7 114.4 119.9 123.8 127.2 128.2 138.9 140.6 151.5 141.1 141.0

R&D Contracts 121.9 116.7 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6 262.9 295.8

Research Training 49.8 50.6 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.1 88.4 89.2 93.3

Total, Extramural $1,272.7 $1,357.1 $1,604.6 $1,837.2 $2,090.8 $2,343.7 $2,548.6 $2,629.8 $2,667.3 $2,628.0 $2,652.0 

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts

Research Training

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

Centers

R&D Contracts

Research Training

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Research Grants* 78.0% 79.2% 76.4% 78.7% 79.9% 80.1% 79.8% 80.5% 80.9% 81.2% 80.0%

Centers 8.5 8.4 7.5 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.4 5.3

R&D Contracts (RFP) 9.6 8.6 12.3 11.0 10.5 11.0 11.4 10.9 10.1 10.0 11.2

Research Training 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts

Research Training

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2007

Number of 

Grants

Total Cost 

(Dollars in 

Thousands)

Percent of Total 

NHLBI Research 

Grant Dollars

Research Project Grants (RPGs)

Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs)

Regular Research Grants (R01) 3,121 $1,294,558 57.21%

Program Project Grants (P01) 169 340,031 15.03

Cooperative Agreements (U01) 226 200,402 8.86

Area Grants (R15) 18 3,881 0.17

Explorative Developmental Grant (R21) 151 30,532 1.35

Exploratory/Developmental Grants Phase II (R33) 22 6,949 0.31

Method to Extend Research in Time (R37) 77 32,199 1.42

NIH Director's Pioneer Award (DP2) 1 2,625 0.12

Cooperative Agreements (U19) 1 2,000 0.09

Subtotal, Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs) 3,786 1,913,177 84.54

Small Business Research Project Grants

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase I) (R41) 9 1,606 0.07

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase II) (R42) 16 6,983 0.31

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase I) (R43) 59 9,950 0.44

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase II) (R44) 90 54,976 2.43

Subtotal, Small Business Research Project Grants 174 73,515 3.25

Subtotal, Research Project Grants 3,960 1,986,692 87.80

Research Center Grants 

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) (P50) 39 104,961 4.64

Sickle Cell Centers (U54) 11 23,559 1.04

Center for AIDS Research (P30) — 3,571 0.16

Specialized Centers (Cooperative Agreements) (U54) 5 8,523 0.38

National Swine Research and Resource Center (U42) — 420 0.02

Subtotal, Research Center Grants 55 141,034 6.23

Research Career Programs 

Mentored Research Development Award for Minority Faculty (K01) 35 4,718 0.21

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Award (K01) 5 698 0.03

Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research Ethics (K01) 3 357 0.02

Independent Scientist Award (K02) 25 2,511 0.11

Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Academic Award (K07) 4 486 0.02

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities Academic Award (K07) 18 2,232 0.10

Clinical Investigator Scientist Award (K08) 214 27,286 1.21

Vascular Medicine Research Career Development Program (K12) 7 3,206 0.14

Clinical Hematology Research Career Development Program (K12) 6 2,367 0.10

Genetics and Genomics of Lung Disease Career Development Program (K12) 8 3,154 0.14

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research (K18) 4 652 0.03

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23) 120 16,419 0.73

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24) 29 4,037 0.18

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (K25) 15 2,077 0.09

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (K30) 16 2,520 0.11

Career Transition Award (K22) 1 160 0.01

Career Transition Award (K99) 24 2,074 0.09

Subtotal, Research Career Programs 534 74,954 3.32

Other Research Grants

Cooperative Clinical Research (U10, R10) 48 36,622 1.62

Minority Biomedical Research Support (S06, R25, SC2) 3 2,474 0.11

Other (R09, R13, R18, R24, R25, T15, U09, U24, UH1) 100 21,234 0.94

Subtotal, Other Research Grants 151 60,330 2.67

Total, NHLBI Research Grants 4,700 $2,263,010 100%
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category

Research

Project Grants

87.8%

Other Research

Grants

2.7%

Research

Career Programs

3.3%

Research

Center Grants

6.2%

NHLBI Research Project Grant,* Research Centers Grant, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1997–2007

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

2,400

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

 Research Project Grants*

 Research Centers Grants

 Other Research Grants**

NHLBI Research Project Grants,* Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Research 

Project 

Grants*

$ 935,322 $1,009,152 $1,142,473 $1,356,034 $1,580,751 $1,779,573 $1,920,201 $2,003,769 $2,042,050 $2,011,049 $1,986,692

Research 

Centers 

Grants

108,665 114,397 119,889 123,803 127,232 128,161 138,941 140,600 151,495 141,086 141,034

Other 

Research 

Grants**

56,993 66,234 84,219 90,666 88,958 98,460 113,172 112,785 116,713 123,802 135,284

Total $1,100,980 $1,189,783 $1,346,581 $1,570,503 $1,796,941 $2,006,194 $2,172,314 $2,257,154 $2,310,258 $2,275,937 $2,263,010 

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; and DP2 and U19 in 2007. ** Includes Research Career Programs; excludes General Research Support Grants.

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; and DP2 and U19 in 2007. ** Includes Research Career Programs; excludes General Research Support Grants.

Dollars (Millions)

Research Project Grants*

Research Centers Grants

Other Research Grants**

2,400

2,000

1,600

1,200

800

400

0

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year
77

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Reviewed

Awarded

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications:* Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Number Reviewed and Awarded

Number of Applications

Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Applications Reviewed 2,771 2,657 2,704 2,893 2,895 3,064 3,098 3,548 3,865 4,412 4,504

RPGs Awarded 821 837 959 1,003 1,033 1,018 1,064 1,034 909 871 943

Success Rate (percent) 29.6 31.5 35.5 34.7 35.7 33.2 34.3 29.1 23.5 19.7 20.9

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, and R37; R33 beginning in 2001; and DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007.

Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate)

Percent

5,000

4,500

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

Reviewed

Awarded

5,000

4,500

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

 Investigator-Initiated

 Research Grants*

 Institute-Initiated

 Research Grants**

Dollars (Millions)

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Investigator-Initiated* $ 867.9 $ 966.6 $1,069.9 $1,241.6 $1,446.2 $1,584.9 $1,681.9 $1,773.4 $1,822.9 $1,802.1 $1,774.8

Institute-Initiated** 233.0 223.2 276.7 328.9 350.7 421.3 490.4 483.8 487.3 473.8 488.2

Total $1,100.9 $1,189.8 $1,346.6 $1,570.5 $1,796.9 $2,006.2 $2,172.3 $2,257.2 $2,310.2 $2,275.9 $2,263.0

* Includes RPGs, SBIRs/STTRs, Research Career Programs, and Other Research. ** Includes RPGs, Centers Grants, Research Career Programs, Other Research, and Cooperative Agreement RFAs.

* Includes RPGs, SBIRs/STTRs, Research Career Programs, and Other Research. ** Includes RPGs, Centers Grants, Research Career Programs, Other Research, and Cooperative Agreement RFAs.

2,000

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

Investigator-Initiated

Research Grants*

Institute-Initiated

Research Grants**

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year
79

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Project Grants:* Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Competing

New Competing $135.8 $147.5 $ 202.0 $ 266.4 $ 280.0 $ 291.2 $ 285.5 $ 290.5 $ 270.0 $ 242.9 $ 330.9

Renewal Competing 104 103.9 127.2 152 143.9 143.9 177.2 185.5 176.1 168.3 169.4

Competing 

Supplements

0.3 1 1.2 0.9 0.4 2.3 1 1.3 1.7 0.4 —

Subtotal, Competing 240.1 252.4 330.4 419.3 424.3 437.4 463.7 477.3 447.8 411.6 500.3

Noncompeting

Subtotal, Noncompeting 662.4 721.3 770.6 889.3 1,101.5 1,281.3 1,390.3 1454.9 1,520.0 1,527.0 1,486.4

Total, Competing and 

Noncompeting $902.5 $973.7 $1,101.0 $1,308.6 $1,525.8 $1,718.7 $1,854.0 $1,932.2 $1,967.8 $1,938.6 $1,986.7

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; and DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007.

Facility and Administrative (F&A) Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants:* 

Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year Direct Cost F&A Cost Total Cost

F&A Cost as a 

Percent of Direct Cost

1997 $ 611,576 $290,915 $ 902,491 47.6%

1998 660,009 313,765 973,774 47.5

1999 764,198 336,756** 1,100,954 44.1

2000 891,244 417,312 1,308,556 46.8

2001 1,045,144 480,673 1,525,817 46.0

2002 1,182,408 536,324 1,718,732 45.4

2003 1,276,819 577,131 1,853,950 45.2

2004 1,329,106 603,133 1,932,239 45.4

2005 1,355,803 612,007 1,967,810 45.1

2006 1,334,406 604,183 1,938,589 45.3

2007 1,378,134 608,558 1,986,692 44.2

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; and DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007. ** Excludes Program Evaluation Assessment of $1,216,000.
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

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NHLBI Research Project Grants:* Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1997–2007

NHLBI Research Project Grants:* Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Noncompeting $323.0 $322.6 $323.4 $346.6 $390.7 $418.8 $444.4 $458.7 $490.6 $503.9 $510.3

Competing 292.5 301.6 344.5 418.0 410.8 409.1 406.7 419.7 459.9 458.1 477.8

Total $314.2 $316.9 $329.4 $366.6 $396.1 $416.2 $433.8 $447.9 $484.8 $492.8 $501.7

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; and DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

 Noncompeting

 Competing

 Total

Dollars (Thousands)

Noncompeting 

Competing

Total

550

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; and DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007.
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10) Programs

Cooperative Agreements were instituted to support discrete, circumscribed projects in areas of an investigator’s specific 

interest and competency with substantial programmatic participation by the NHLBI during performance of the activity.

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2007

Total FY 2007 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin to Prevent Vascular Events $ 6,987,287 $ 6,018,096 $ 13,005,383 

Atherosclerosis, Plaque, and CVD in Communities 13,259,110 2,885,489 16,144,599

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics 

(BARI 2D)

52,450,028 2,646,947 55,096,975

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network — 4,424,183 4,424,183

Cardiovascular Heart Study (CHS) Events Follow-up Study 2,062,679 1,145,576 3,208,255

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL) 14,837,498 3,306,675 18,144,173

Claudication Exercise vs. Edoluminal Revascularization 2,846,994 1,898,415 4,745,409

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation Outcomes 25,408,658 8,971,584 34,380,242

Community-Responsive Intervention To Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in 

American Indians and Alaska Natives

1,418,746 2,314,003 3,732,749

Design and Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies 1,780,137 1,758,776 3,538,913

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 6,180,419 — 6,180,419

Family Blood Pressure Program 93,226,792 3,716,949 96,943,741

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) 11,838,340 2,029,384 13,867,724

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies (GEMS) 19,418,195 — 19,418,195

Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise 

Training (HF–ACTION)

34,118,122 2,846,477 36,964,599 

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network 5,642,461 7,800,582 13,443,043 

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial (HAT) 17,178,972 — 17,178,972

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial Metabolic Enhancement 

During Initial Assessment and Treatment in Emergency Care

25,650,639 — 25,650,639

Improved Measures of Diet and Physical Activity for the Genes and 

Environment Initiative

— 2,632,681 2,632,681

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigation in Cardiovascular 

Medicine 

— 6,008,848 6,008,848

NHLBI Clinical Proteomics Program 10,024,329 4,920,952 14,945,281

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT) 17,224,514 1,452,378 18,676,892

Partnership Programs for Reducing Cardiovascular Health Disparities 20,929,126 7,330,477 28,259,603

Pediatric Heart Network 29,578,646 6,607,550 36,186,196

Pharmacogenetics Research Network 48,524,584 8,770,916 57,295,500

Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) 6,779,823 — 6,779,823

Programs in Gene by Environment Interaction (PROGENI) 46,713,444 1,459,246 48,172,690

Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology 17,553,560 10,992,900 28,546,460

Programs of Genomic Applications (PGAs) for Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases

195,107,611 14,039,424 209,147,035

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS) 11,079,036 197,305 11,276,341

Strong Heart Study 57,974,143 6,182,306 64,156,449

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) 25,529,882 8,912,357 34,442,239

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) 34,211,102 — 34,211,102

Weight Loss in Obese Adults with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Clinical 

Interventions

2,567,146 3,713,946 2,567,146

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM) 15,168,042 2,150,858 17,318,900

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 873,270,065 137,135,280 1,006,691,399
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2007

Total FY 2007 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Lung Diseases

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study (APPLES) 12,542,181 1,532,037 14,074,218

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), Phase II 33,110,894 8,917,879 42,028,773

Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities 27,350,819 — 27,350,819

Childhood Asthma Management Program–Continuation Study 

(CAMP-CS)/Phase III

— 2,077,278 2,077,278

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network 42,837,293 5,915,840 48,753,133

Clinical Trial of Acid Reflux Therapy in Asthma 3,083,552 662,283 3,745,835

Collaborative Programs in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 36,731,072 2,526,747 39,257,819

COPD Clinical Research Network 29,793,928 6,836,458 36,630,386

Early Antipseudomonal Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis 3,145,273 923,625 4,068,898

Genetic Epidemiology of COPD — 6,113,536 6,113,536

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network 10,835,422 7,216,255 18,051,677

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment 17,494,738 3,190,981 20,685,719

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis-III 

(PIOPED III)

6,643,681 1,518,303 8,161,984

Randomized Controlled Study of Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood 

Sleep Apnea

2,267,140 2,387,691 4,654,831

Sleep Heart Health Study 20,511,241 625,846 21,137,087

Study of Acid Reflux Therapy for Children with Asthma 774,454 846,333 1,620,787

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 247,121,688 51,291,092 298,412,780

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 36,486,721 6,708,880 43,195,601

Center for Human Cell Therapy 7,281,374 2,096,324 9,377,698

Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients Undergoing 

Surgical Hip Fracture Repair (FOCUS)

8,804,219 1,974,477 10,778,696

Sickle Cell Clinical Research Network 3,761,385 7,497,847 11,259,232

Stroke with Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (SWITCH) 7,277,340 3,531,426 10,808,766

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network 16,787,170 2,618,369 19,405,539

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 31,128,254 6,407,000 37,535,254

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 111,526,463 30,834,323 142,360,786

Total, NHLBI Cooperative Agreements $1,231,918,216 $219,260,695 $1,447,464,965 
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent 

Vascular Events, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this multicenter clinical trial is to 

determine whether extended-release niacin plus simvastatin is superior to simvastatin alone for preventing or delaying a major CVD event in patients with 

atherogenic dyslipidemia. Niacin is used to raise HDL 

(“good”) cholesterol and simvastatin is used to lower 

LDL (“bad”) cholesterol. Twenty-seven percent of the 

population will be from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$6,018,096

Fiscal Years 2005–2006— $6,987,287

Total Funding to Date—$13,005,383

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-081616

2. AXIO Research, LLC

Seattle, Washington —HL-081649

Atherosclerosis, Plaque, and CVD in 

Communities, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this study is to identify correlates 

of atherosclerotic plaque characteristics and early 

changes in the vascular wall in a subset of the biethnic 

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. 

Investigators will use stored DNA samples to test 

genomic correlates of plaque characteristics and their 

ability to predict CHD and stroke.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,885,489

Fiscal Years 2004–2006—$13,259,110

Total Funding to Date—$16,144,599

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Texas Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-075572

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this trial is to compare alternative 

treatment strategies for managing patients with type 2 

diabetes with angiographically proven coronary artery 

disease and stable angina or ischemia. Revascularization combined with aggressive medical anti-ischemia 

treatment will be compared to aggressive medical antiischemia treatment alone; simultaneously, researchers 

will determine whether insulin-sensitizing drugs such 

as metformin and the glitazones for controlling blood 

sugar level offer any survival advantage over drugs 

that increase insulin level. Twenty-one percent of the 

patients are from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,646,947

Fiscal Years 2000–2006—$52,450,028

Total Funding to Date—$55,096,975

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-061744

2. St. Louis University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-061746

3. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-061748

4. University of Vermont

Burlington, Vermont —HL-063804

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Cardiovascular Heart Study (CHS) Events 

Follow-Up Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this project is to continue follow-up 

of the CHS cohort for cardiovascular events in order to 

enhance power among subgroups to study associations 

of CVD risk factors and incidence and prognosis following CVD events in older adults. The additional events 

will permit greater opportunity to address the study aims 

by CHS investigators and other researchers interested in 

making use of the study’s extensive database and specimens. Seventeen percent of the participants are from 

minority populations.
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$1,145,576

Fiscal Years 2005–2006—$2,062,679

Total Funding to Date—$3,208,255

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-080295

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this trial is to determine whether 

revascularization of a stenotic renal artery plus medical 

therapy is associated with improved clinical outcomes 

compared with medical therapy alone. Twenty-three 

percent of the participants will be from minority 

populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$3,306,675

Fiscal Years 2004–2006—$14,837,498

Total Funding to Date—$18,144,173

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Toledo Health

Sciences Campus

Toledo, Ohio —HL-071556

2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072734

3. University of Virginia

Charlottesville, Virginia —HL-072735

4. Mid-America Heart Institute of

St. Luke Hospital

Kansas City, Missouri —HL-072736

5. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072737

Claudication Exercise vs. Edoluminal 

Revascularization, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that 

a strategy of aortoiliac stenting and pharmacotherapy 

improves maximum walking duration better than a 

strategy of supervised rehabilitation, exercise, and pharmacotherapy for those with aortoiliac artery obstruction 

at 6 months. Other objectives are to compare the two 

treatment groups with a third group, usual care and pharmacotherapy, at 6 months, and to compare maximum 

walking duration change scores at 18 months, changes 

in free living daily activity levels, and patient-perceived 

quality of life among all three groups.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$1,898,415

Fiscal Years 2005–2006—$2,846,994

Total Funding to Date—$4,745,409

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Rhode Island Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island —HL-077221

2. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-081656

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcomes, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2004 

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Community-Responsive Intervention To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in American Indians and 

Alaska Natives, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Design and Analysis of Genome-Wide 

Association Studies, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this program is to develop and test 

innovative, informative, and cost-effective study designs 

and analytical strategies to perform genome-wide association studies on complex diseases. Strategies and 

tools developed through the program will be made available to the scientific community.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$1,758,776

Fiscal Year 2006—$1,780,137

Total Funding to Date—$3,538,913

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois —HL-084689

2. Cornell University Ithaca

Ithaca, New York —HL-084706

3. University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois —HL-084715
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

4. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-084729

5. University of Maryland, Baltimore

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-084756

6. Translational Genomics Research

Institute

Phoenix, Arizona —HL-086528

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary 

Intervention, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1997

This program, which complements prior NHLBI 

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty 

(PTCA) registries and the New Approaches to Coronary 

Intervention Registry, is evaluating patterns of device 

usage, as well as immediate and follow-up outcomes in 

patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary 

revascularization. Results will provide guidance to the 

cardiology community in selecting appropriate therapies 

and in designing clinical trials to evaluate competing 

devices.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$0

Fiscal Years 1997–2006—$6,180,419

Total Funding to Date—$6,180,419

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-033292

Family Blood Pressure Program, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1995

The objectives of this program are to identify major 

genes associated with high blood pressure and to investigate the interactions between genetic and environmental 

determinants of hypertension in defined populations, 

many of which consist of specific minority groups. The 

study consists of collaborative networks that share technology, data, skills, biological materials, and population 

resources.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$3,716,949

Fiscal Years 1995–2006—$93,226,792

Total Funding to Date—$96,943,741

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-054471

2. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-054473

3. University of Texas

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-054481

4. Pacific Health Research Institute

Honolulu, Hawaii —HL-054498

5. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-054512

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska 

Natives (GOCADAN), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2000

The purpose of this study is to document CVD and 

CVD risk factors in approximately 40 extended families (1,214 members from villages in Northern Alaska). 

Scientists seek to identify and characterize genes that 

contribute to CVD in this unique and understudied 

population.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,029,384

Fiscal Years 2000–2006—$11,838,340

Total Funding to Date—$13,867,724

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. MedStar Research Institute 

Hyattsville, Maryland —HL-064244

2. Norton Sound Health Corporation

Nome, Alaska —HL-082458

3. Southwest Foundation for 

Biomedical Research

San Antonio, Texas —HL-082490

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies 

(GEMS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The objective of this project is to develop and test 

interventions to prevent obesity by decreasing weight 

gain during the high-risk transitional period from prepuberty to puberty in black girls who are at risk for 

developing obesity. Phase I (developmental and pilot 

studies) was completed in FY 2002. Two sites began 

Phase II trials in FY 2003.
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Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$0

Fiscal Years 1999–2006—$19,418,195

Total Funding to Date—$19,418,195

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-062662

2. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-062663

Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating 

Outcomes of Exercise (HF-ACTION), Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this trial is to determine the longterm safety and effectiveness of exercise training for 

patients with heart failure. Patients receiving the exercise regimen also will receive standard care and will be 

compared with patients receiving standard care alone. 

Thirty-eight percent of the participants are from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,846,477

Fiscal Years 2002–2006—$34,118,122

Total Funding to Date—$36,964,599

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-063747

2. Case Western Reserve University

Henry Ford Health System 

Detroit, Michigan —HL-064250

3. Oregon Health & Science University

Portland, Oregon —HL-064257

4. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-064264

5. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-064265

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-066461

7. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-066482

8. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-066491

9. Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio —HL-066494

10. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-066497

11. Case Western Reserve University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-066501

12. Boston Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-068973

13. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-068980

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial 

(HAT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this trial is to compare standard 

response (call 9–1–1 and give cardiopulmonary resuscitation) to sudden cardiac arrest to standard response 

augmented with automatic external defibrillator use 

provided by a spouse or other family member in 7,000 

survivors of an anterior wall MI. The primary end point 

is mortality. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$0

Fiscal Years 2002–2006—$17,178,972

Total Funding to Date—$17,178,972

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Seattle Institute for Cardiac Research 

Seattle, Washington —HL-067972

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial 

Metabolic Enhancement During Initial 

Assessment and Treatment in Emergency Care, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to study the effects 

of early administration of glucose, insulin, and potassium (GIK) in reducing mortality in patients from acute 

coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients experiencing an 

ACS (including AMI and unstable angina pectoris) will 

be treated with GIK as soon as possible in prehospital 

emergency medical service settings or immediately upon 

arrival for those presenting to emergency departments.
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Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$0

Fiscal Years 2004–2006—$25,650,639

Total Funding to Date—$25,650,639

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. New England Medical Center Hospitals

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-077821

2. State University of New York

Stony Brook, New York —HL-077822

3. New England Medical Center Hospitals 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-077823

4. New England Medical Center Hospitals

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-077826

Improved Measures of Diet and Physical Activity 

for the Genes and Environment, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to support the development of technology to make precise, quantitative 

measurements of personal exposure to environmental 

chemical or biological agents, diet, physical activity, and 

psychosocial stress. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,632,681

Total Funding to Date—$2,632,681

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-091736

2. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cambridge, Massachusetts —HL-091737

3. Princeton Multimedia Technologies

Corporation

Princeton, New Jersey —HL-091738

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical 

Investigation in Cardiovascular Medicine, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

NHLBI Clinical Proteomics Program, Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this program is to promote systematic, 

comprehensive, large-scale validation of existing and 

new candidate protein markers that are appropriate for 

routine use in the diagnosis and management of heart, 

lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders. The 

Program will facilitate validation of protein panels that 

may be used to predict disease susceptibility or to assist 

in differential diagnosis, disease staging, selection of 

individualized therapies, or monitoring of treatment 

responses. It will also establish a high-quality education 

and skills development program to ensure that scientists 

develop the expertise needed to address the complex, 

multifaceted challenges in clinical proteomics. 

Obligations 

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$4,920,952

Fiscal Years 2005–2006—$10,024,329

Total Funding to Date—$14,945,281

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-081331

2. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-081332

3. University of Colorado

Denver, Colorado —HL-081335

4. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-081341

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1999

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

percutaneous revascularization to open an occluded 

artery within a few days or as long as a month following an acute MI in asymptomatic patients improves 

their outcome. Although the benefits of early restoration 

of blood flow following an acute MI have been wellestablished, it is not known whether later intervention is 

also beneficial. The trial is in its follow-up phase.

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$1,452,378

Fiscal Years 1999–2006—$17,224,514

Total Funding to Date—$18,676,892

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New York University

School of Medicine 

New York, New York —HL-062509

2. Maryland Medical Research

Institute, Inc

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-062511
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Partnership Programs To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The objectives of this study are to improve the provider and patient approaches to treatment of hypertension and diabetes, modify physician-related barriers to 

minority enrollment in clinical trials, improve patient 

adherence to treatment plans, and build sustainable 

research programs at minority-serving institutions.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$7,330,477

Fiscal Years 2004–2006—$20,929,126

Total Funding to Date—$28,259,603

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Bon Secours Hospital Baltimore, Inc.

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-079150

2. University of Maryland

Baltimore Professional School

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-079151

3. Queen’s Medical Center

Honolulu, Hawaii —HL-079152

4. Cooper Green Hospital

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-079153

5. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-079156

6. Denver Health and Hospital Authority

Denver, Colorado —HL-079160

7. University of Hawaii at Manoa

Honolulu, Hawaii —HL-079163

8. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-079171

9. University of Colorado

Health Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-079208

10. Morehouse School of Medicine

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-079214

11. Jackson Hinds Comprehensive

Health Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HL-079378

12. University of Mississippi 

Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HL-079458

Pediatric Heart Network, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to establish a network to 

systematically evaluate candidate genes that may influence pharmacologic response to drug treatments for 

arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, and lipid disorders. Investigators seek to identify gene polymorphisms 

capable of predicting drug toxicity and efficacy. One of 

the projects has 38 percent minority participation.

Obligations 

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$8,770,916

Fiscal Years 2001–2006—$48,524,584

Total Funding to Date—$57,295,500

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-065962

2. Children’s Hospital and Research Center

Oakland, California —HL-069757

3. Stanford University

Stanford, California —GM-061374

Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary 

Strategies (POUNDS LOST), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2003

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of 

four diets low in saturated fat and differing in macronutrient composition on weight loss and its maintenance 

in 800 overweight or obese adults. The diet consists of 

moderate fat (40 percent energy) or low fat (20 percent 

energy) with two different protein levels (15 and 25 

percent). Seventeen percent of the participants are from 

minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$0

Fiscal Years 2003–2006—$6,779,823

Total Funding to Date—$6,779,823

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Harvard School of Public Health

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-073286
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Programs in Gene by Environmental Interaction 

(PROGENI), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002*

The purpose of this study is to identify novel genes 

that interact with specific environmental exposures to 

modify risk factors for heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. The genetic aspects of response 

to environmental change and related biological mechanisms will be studied using short-term, focused interventions in black families. Subgroups will be identified 

based on genotypes that are most likely to benefit from 

targeted environmental changes designed to reduce the 

development or progression of heart, lung, and blood 

diseases or sleep disorders. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$1,459,246

Fiscal Years 2002–2006—$46,713,444

Total Funding to Date—$48,172,690

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Tulane University 

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-072507

2. LSU Pennington Biomedical 

Research Center 

Baton Rouge, Louisiana —HL-072510

3. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072515

4. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072518

5. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-072524

Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this program is to establish multidisciplinary teams to develop nanotechnology and biomolecular engineering tools and methodologies to detect and 

analyze atherosclerotic plaque formation. The program 

presents an unique opportunity for research collaboration and skills training by bring bioengineering and 

nanotechnology solutions into medicine and vice versa. 

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2007—$10,992,900

Fiscal Years 2005–2006—$17,553,560

Total Funding to Date—$28,546,460

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-080711

2. Burnham Institute for Medical Research

La Jolla, California —HL-080718

3. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-080729

4. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-080731

Programs of Genomic Applications (PGAs) for 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2000

The goal of this program is to develop information, 

tools, and resources to link genes to biological function. 

Specifically, researchers seek to identify human genes 

relevant to heart, lung, blood, and sleep functions. In 

addition, the PGAs will establish training programs for 

NHLBI-supported investigators in the use of genomic 

information and technologies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$14,039,424

Fiscal Years 2000–2006— $195,107,611

Total Funding to Date—$209,147,035

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-066579

2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-066600

3. Jackson Laboratory

Bar Harbor, Maine —HL-066611

4. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-066621

5. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-066642

* Formerly known as Interaction of Gene and Environment in Shaping Risk Factors for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases and Sleep Disorders.
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

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6. University of California

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-066681

7. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-066682

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study 

(SANDS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

This study will address the high incidence of CVD in 

American Indians who have a high prevalence of diabetes, but relatively low levels of LDL cholesterol and 

blood pressure. It will compare aggressive lowering of 

LDL cholesterol and blood pressure to the usual care 

standard. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$197,305

Fiscal Years 2002–2006— $11,079,036

Total Funding to Date—$11,276,341

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. MedStar Research Institute

Hyattsville, Maryland —HL-067031

Strong Heart Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1988

The objectives of this study are to survey CVD morbidity and mortality rates among three geographically 

diverse groups of American Indians and to estimate 

their levels of CVD risk factors. Phases II and III of the 

cohort study extended surveillance of community mortality and assessed development of CVD and changes 

in CVD risk factors. In Phase III, investigators added a 

substudy of asthma and a pilot family study. Phase IV 

expanded the family study to 120 families comprising 

3,600 members to investigate genetic and environmental 

contributors of CVD. Phase V will examine the family 

study cohort to assess genetic relationships to risk factor 

change over a 5-year period.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$6,182,306

Fiscal Years 1988–2006—$57,974,143

Total Funding to Date—$64,156,449

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. MedStar Research Institute

Hyattsville, Maryland —HL-041642

2. Missouri Breaks Research, Inc.

Timberlake, South Dakota —HL-041652

3. University of Oklahoma

Health Sciences Center

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-041654

4. Southwest Foundation for

Biomedical Research

San Antonio, Texas —HL-065520

5. Weill Medical College of

Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-065521

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine 

whether CABG plus intensive medical therapy improves 

long-term survival of patients with heart failure and 

left ventricular (LV) dysfunction who have coronary 

artery disease amenable to surgical revascularization, 

compared to medical therapy alone; and to determine 

whether CABG plus surgical ventricular restoration to 

a more normal LV size improves survival free of subsequent hospitalizations of patients with anterior LV dysfunction, compared to CABG alone.

Obligations:

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$8,912,357

Fiscal Years 2002–2006—$25,529,882

Total Funding to Date—$34,442,239

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Thomas Jefferson University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-069009

2. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-069010

3. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069011

4. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-069012

5. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069013

6. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069015

7. University of Southern California 

Los Angeles, California —HL-072683

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

Weight Loss in Obese Adults With 

Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Clinical 

Interventions, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006 

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this multicenter trial is to evaluate 

the effectiveness of two strategies to maintain weight 

loss for 21⁄2 years in approximately 800 overweight or 

obese adults. Individuals who are taking medication for 

hypertension of dyslipidemia or who are diabetic enter 

a 6-month weight program. Those who lose at least 9 

pounds are randomized into one of three groups: one 

that provides monthly personal contacts with a trained 

interventionist, primarily by telephone; one that provides 

frequent contacts through an interactive Web-based program; or usual care. Forty percent of the participants 

will be black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,150,858

Fiscal Years 2003–2006—$15,168,042

Total Funding to Date—$17,318,900

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —HL-068676

2. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-068734

3. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —HL-068790

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-068920

5. LSU Pennington Biomedical 

Research Center

Baton Rouge, Louisiana —HL-068955

Lung Diseases Program

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy 

Study (APPLES), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 

therapy to provide significant, stable, and long-term neurocognitive or other benefits to patients with obstructive 

sleep apnea (OSA). Investigators will identify specific 

neurocognitive deficits associated with OSA and determine which ones are reversible and most sensitive to the 

effects of CPAP therapy.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$1,532,037

Fiscal Years 2002–2006—$12,542,181

Total Funding to Date—$14,074,218

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-068060

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN) 

Phase II, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this study is to establish cooperative 

centers of research to reduce asthma disparities between 

whites and minorities and economically disadvantaged 

populations. The mission of the centers, comprising 

partnerships between minority-servicing medical institutions and research-intensive institutions, is to promote 

interdisciplinary investigation of factors that contribute 

to disparities in asthma, accelerate development and 

evaluation of strategies to promote effective asthma 

management among minority and economically disadvantaged populations, encourage training and career 

development for minority clinical research investigators, and improve the effectiveness of NHLBI-supported 

research-intensive institutions in developing and sustaining culturally appropriate research and demonstration 

activities on reducing disparities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$0

Fiscal Years 2002–2006—$27,350,819

Total Funding to Date—$27,350,819

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Meharry Medical College 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-072431

2. Howard University 

Washington, DC —HL-072433
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

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3. Rhode Island Hospital 

Providence, Rhode Island —HL-072438

4. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072455

5. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-072471

6. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-072478

7. Hektoen Institute for Medical Research 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-072496

8. University of Puerto Rico 

Medical Sciences 

San Juan, Puerto Rico —HL-072519

Childhood Asthma Management Program–

Continuation Study (CAMP–CS)/Phase III, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The objective of this observational study is to follow 

the original CAMP cohort for 4 more years (through 

ages 21–29) to determine clinical and genetic risk factors for patterns of lung function decline indicative of 

chronic air flow obstruction in later adulthood; 31 percent of the participants are from minority groups.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,077,278

Total Funding to Date—$2,077,278

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-075232

2. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HL-075407

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-075408

4. Asthma, Inc.

Seattle, Washington —HL-075409

5. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-075415

6. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-075416

7. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-075417

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-075419

9. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HL-075420

Childhood Asthma Research and Education 

(CARE) Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Clinical Trial of Acid Reflux Therapy in Asthma, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003 

The purpose of this clinical trial is to test the hypothesis that treatment of gastroesophageal reflux with 

proton-pump inhibitors will reduce the frequency of 

exacerbations in patients with inadequately controlled 

asthma. Thirty-four percent of the participants are 

black.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2007—$662,283

Fiscal Years 2003–2006—$3,083,552

Total Funding to Date—$3,745,835

Current Active Organization and Grant Number 

1. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072968

Collaborative Program in Bronchopulmonary 

Dysplasia, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The objectives of this program are to support a multiinstitutional collaborative research effort by providing 

a well-defined model of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia to investigators, and to study mechanisms of lung pathobiology that underlie development of 

chronic lung disease of prematurity.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,526,747

Fiscal Years 1999–2006—$36,731,072

Total Funding to Date—$39,257,819

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Southwest Foundation 

for Biomedical Research

San Antonio, Texas —HL-052636

2. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-052638

3. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-056061

4. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-056263
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5. Barnes Jewish Hospital

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-063387

6. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-063397

7. University of Texas

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-063399

8. University of Rochester

Rochester, New York —HL-063400

9. University of Texas

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-075900

COPD Clinical Research Network, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Early Antipseudomonal Therapy in Cystic 

Fibrosis, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this study is to determine a safe, 

effective, and systematic approach for treating young 

children (ages 1 to 12 years) with cystic fibrosis who are 

found to be infected with Pseudomonas aemginosa (Pa). 

The goal is to intervene with antipseudomonal therapy at 

the first isolation of Pa to delay or prevent chronic infections that lead to irreversible lung destruction. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$923,625

Fiscal Years 2004–2006—$3,145,273

Total Funding to Date—$4,068,898

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital

and Regional Medical Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-080310

Genetic Epidemiology of COPD

The purpose of this study is to perform a genomewide association analysis to identify the genetic risk 

factors that determine susceptibility for COPD and 

COPD-related phenotypes in a large biracial population.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$6,113,536

Total Funding to Date—$6,113,536

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-089856

2. National Jewish Medical and

Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-089897

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this project is to bring together 

research experts in asthma, epidemiology, statistics, 

bioinformatics, physiology, clinical trials, genetics, and 

genomics to focus on the pharmacogenetics of asthma 

treatment.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$3,190,981

Fiscal Years 2000–2006—$17,494,738

Total Funding to Date—$20,685,719

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065899

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis III (PIOPED III), Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic 

resonance angiography of the pulmonary arteries in 

combination with magnetic resonance venography of 

the lower extremities for the detection of acute venous 

thromboembolic disease.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2007—$1,518,303

Fiscal Years 2005–2006—$6,643,681

Total Funding to Date—$8,161,984

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-077149
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

2. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-077150

3. University of Calgary

Calgary, Alberta —HL-077151

4. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-077153

5. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-077154

6. George Washington University

Washington, DC —HL-077155

7. St. Joseph Mercy-Oakland

Pontiac, Michigan —HL-077358

8. New York University

New York, New York —HL-081593

9. St. Joseph Mercy-Oakland

Pontiac, Michigan —HL-081594

Randomized Controlled Study of 

Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood Sleep Apnea, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this randomized controlled study is to 

compare adenotonsillectomy versus no surgery for OSA 

in children. 

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,387,691

Fiscal Year 2006—$2,267,140

Total Funding to Date—$4,654,831

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-083075

2. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-083129

Sleep Heart Health Study, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1999

The purpose of this multicenter observational study is 

to determine the degree to which sleep apnea is an independent or contributing risk factor for the development 

of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2007—$625,846

Fiscal Years 1999–2006—$20,511,241

Total Funding to Date—$21,137,087

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —HL-053916

2. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-053934

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-053937

4. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-053938

5. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-053941

6. Missouri Breaks Research, Inc.

Timberlake, South Dakota —HL-063429

7. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-063463

8. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-064360

9. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-077813

Study of Acid Reflux Therapy for Children With 

Asthma, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical 

trial is to investigate whether an approved proton-pump 

inhibitor lansoprazole will reduce asthma exacerbations 

in children with poorly controlled asthma, ages 6–16 

years. Thirty percent of the participants will be from 

minority populations.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2007—$846,333

Fiscal Year 2006—$774,454

Total Funding to Date—$1,620,787

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-080433

2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-080450

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

Center for Human Cell Therapy, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this Center is to serve as a unique 

resource to facilitate the development of new cellular 

therapies for a wide range of human diseases, especially 

heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,096,324

Fiscal Years 2004–2006—$7,281,374

Total Funding to Date—$9,377,698

Current Active Organization and Grant Number 

1. CBR Institute for Biomedical Research 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074355

Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients 

Undergoing Surgical Hip Fracture Repair 

(FOCUS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this trial is to test whether a more 

aggressive transfusion strategy that maintains postoperative Hgb levels above 10 g/dl improves functional outcome in cardiovascular patients who are over age 50 and 

undergoing surgical hip fracture surgery compared to a 

more conservative strategy that withholds blood transfusion until the patient develops symptoms of anemia.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$1,974,477

Fiscal Years 2003–2006—$8,804,219

Total Funding to Date—$10,778,696

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

University of Medicine and Dentistry 

of New Jersey

Piscataway, New Jersey —HL-073958

2. Maryland Medical Research Institute, Inc.

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-074815

Sickle Cell Disease Clinical Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials. 

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea (SWITCH), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2005

The purpose of this Phase III clinical trial is to compare standard therapy (transfusions and chelation) with 

alternative therapy (hydroxyurea and phlebotomy) for 

the prevention of secondary stroke and management 

of iron overload in children with sickle cell anemia. 

Additional objectives include comparisons of growth 

and development, frequency of nonstroke neurological 

and other sickle-related events, and quality of life. The 

patient population will be black.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2007—$3,531,426

Fiscal Years 2005–2006—$7,277,340 

Total Funding to Date—$10,808,766

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-078787

2. Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc. 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-078987 

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Centers (P50) Programs

Specialized Centers of Research (P50), Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research (P50), 

and Centers of Excellence in Translational Human Stem Cell Research (P50) Programs

The NHLBI initiated the SCOR program in 1971 to encourage translational research—converting basic science 

findings to the clinic—in high priority areas. The SCOR concept emphasizes multidisciplinary research (i.e., basic 

science and clinical investigations) on diseases relevant to the Institute’s mission. In 2002, the NHLBI revised the 

SCOR program—primarily on recommendation from the NHLBAC—to place more emphasis on clinical research 

projects. The newly developed SCCOR program still requires clinical and basic scientists to work together on 

a unified theme, but now requires at least 50 percent of the projects to be clinical. The Centers of Excellence in 

Translational Human Stem Cell Research was initiated in 2005 to accelerate the translation of basic scientific 

discoveries in human stem cell biology to new treatments for patients. Listed below is the funding history for the 

individual SCORs/SCCORs and Centers of Excellence supported by the Institute.

Obligations (Dollars in Thousands)

Area of Concentration

Period of 

Operation

Prior to 

FY 2007 FY 2007

Total 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Cardiac Dysfunction and Disease (SCCOR) 2005– $ 33,420 $ 16,677 $ 50,097

Pediatric Heart Development and Disease (SCCOR) 2004– 39,419 12,411 51,830

Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling (SCCOR) 2006– 15,324 14,924 30,248

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 88,163 44,012 132,175

Lung Diseases Program

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis 1988– 66,004 3,622 69,626

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (SCCOR) 2007– — 11,276 11,276

Host Factors in Chronic Lung Diseases (SCCOR) 2006– 7,939 7,868 15,807

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea 1998– 47,525 5,767 53,292

Pulmonary Vascular Disease (SCCOR) 2007– — 6,379 6,379

Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury (SCCOR) 2003– 47,961 12,199 60,160

Subtotal, Lung Diseases Program 169,429 47,111 216,540

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Diseases (SCCOR) 2006– 8,063 8,002 16,065

Transfusion Biology and Medicine (SCCOR) 2005– 8,859 4,425 13,284

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources Program 16,922 12,427 29,349

Total, Specialized Centers of Research (P50) 274,514 103,550 378,064

Centers of Excellence in Translational Human Stem 

Cell Research

2005– 2,962 1,411 4,373

Subtotal, Centers of Excellence in Translational Human 

Stem Cell Research

2,962 1,411 4,373

Total, (P50) $277,476 $104,961 $382,437 
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Cardiac Dysfunction and Disease

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research on clinically relevant questions related 

to dysfunction and disease of the myocardium. The 

program will enable rapid application of basic science 

findings to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of 

cardiac disorders, including ischemic and other cardiomyopathies, left ventricular dysfunction, metabolic 

abnormalities, heart failure, and rhythm disturbances. 

Because some segments of the population disproportionately suffer from heart disease, research that addresses 

issues of health disparity will be emphasized.

Obligations 

Fiscal Year 2007—$16,677,106

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. Columbia University 

Health Science Center

New York, New York —HL-077096

2. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-077100

3. University of Cincinnati 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-077101

4. Cleveland Clinical Lerner College

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-077107

5. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-077113

Pediatric Heart Development and Disease 

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary collaborations so that basic research advances 

can be translated rapidly to clinical care for children 

with heart disease. Research focus ranges from the 

genetic basis of heart valve disease to clinical trials 

of novel surgical strategies for congenital heart disease repair and immune modulation in pediatric heart 

transplantation. Two of the centers will have Clinical 

Research Skills Development Cores to train fellows and 

junior faculty in clinical research methods.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2007—$12,410,785

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-074728

2. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-074731

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-074732

4. Children’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074734

Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary, clinically relevant research on vascular injury, 

repair, and remodeling. The program emphasizes development and translation of basic discoveries to understand the mechanisms of vascular disease; improved 

detection, characterization, staging, and management 

of vascular disease through use of cutting-edge methodologies, such as nanotechnology, molecular imaging, 

genomics, proteomics, and quantitative systems analysis; and development of new methods to treat vascular 

diseases such as cell- and gene-based therapies for 

regenerative medicine. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2007—$14,923,676

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-083762

2. University of Texas Health 

Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-083794

3. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-083799

4. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-083800

5. Boston University Medical Campus

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-083801

6. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-083813

Lung Diseases Program

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic 

Fibrosis

The goals of this SCOR are to investigate the 

basic mechanisms underlying cystic fibrosis, develop 

new hypotheses, and apply innovative strategies for 

approaching clinical and fundamental issues.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2007—$3,622,413
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-060280

2. University of Iowa 

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-061234

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research to accelerate progress in the diagnosis, 

prevention, and treatment of COPD. The program will 

include a broad spectrum of basic and clinical research 

that will encompass animal models of COPD pathogenesis, human proteomic, genetic and genomic investigations, technologically refined disease phenotypes 

classification, and the development of new experimental 

therapeutic interventions. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2007—$11,275,633

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-084922

2. Weill Medical College

of Cornell University 

New York, New York —HL-084936

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-084945

4. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-084948

Host Factors in Chronic Lung Diseases 

The purpose of this SCCOR is to identify alterations 

in host responses and lung homeostasis and to determine 

how the dysregulation contributes to development or 

progression of chronic lung diseases. Enhanced understanding of these processes should facilitate identification of new targets for intervention, providing the basis 

for development of new therapeutic options for prevention and treatment of chronic lung diseases.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2007—$7,867,941

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-084917

2. Children’s Hospital 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-084932

3. University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-084934

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea

The objective of this SCOR is to integrate molecular, 

cellular, and genetic approaches to sleep control with 

clinical investigations on the etiology and pathogenesis 

of sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2007—$5,767,416

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-060287

2. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-060292

3. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-060296

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

The objective of this SCCOR is to facilitate multidisciplinary research that proposes original hypotheses and 

applies cutting-edge approaches, including genomics 

and proteomics, to clinical issues in pulmonary vascular 

disease. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2007—$6,379,355

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Colorado at Denver 

Denver, Colorado —HL-084923

2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-084946

Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research to improve the prevention, diagnosis, 

and treatment of acute lung injury and its more severe 

form—adult respiratory distress syndrome. This program includes Phase II clinical trials and studies of 

molecular mechanisms of inflammation and coagulation, 

gene and protein expression, and cell and animal models 

of lung injury.
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2007—$12,199,089

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-073994

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-073996

3. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-074005

4. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-074024

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders

The purpose of this SCCOR is to conduct multidisciplinary research to improve the prevention, diagnosis, 

and treatment of thrombotic and bleeding disorders. The 

program will support rapid translation of basic science 

findings into clinical application.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2007—$8,001,975

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-081009

2. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-081011

3. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-081012

Transfusion Biology and Medicine

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster new 

approaches for improving the availability, efficacy, 

safety, and quality of blood and blood products for 

therapeutic uses. One of the centers has a large minority 

population.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2007—$4,424,761

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

1. Puget Sound Blood Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-081015

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-081027
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

Specialized Centers for Cell-Based Therapies for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases (U54) Program 

The Specialized Centers for Cell-Based Therapies Program, which includes a Data and Coordinating Center, was 

initiated in FY 2005 to support preclinical and clinical studies for cell-based therapy for heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders. A key feature of the program is the ability to conduct preclinical studies in the first year or 

two of the program, in order to meet the requirements for an Investigational New Drug application prior to initiating 

clinical studies. Clinical studies are expected to be initiated by the beginning of the third year.

Obligations 

Fiscal Year 2007—$7,358,849

Centers of Excellence in Translational Human Stem Cell Research (P50) Program 

The purpose of this program is to stimulate multidisciplinary collaboration among basic stem cell biologists, 

researchers, and clinicians with disease-specific expertise; physicians and surgeons skilled in innovative modes of 

cell delivery; and investigators experienced in developing and assessing animal models of human diseases to conduct 

projects such as preclinical studies for cell-based therapy employing human stem cells in animal models. Research 

findings will ultimately lead to innovative approaches for the prevention, treatment, and cure of disease, and will 

accelerate the translation of basic scientific discoveries into new therapies.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2007—$1,410,801

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —HL-085036

Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers (U54) Program

The Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers (CSCC) were instituted in FY 1972 to bridge the gap between research and 

service by combining basic and clinical research, clinical trials and applications training, and community service projects into one program. The patients recruited for the clinical studies are primarily from minority populations.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2007—$23,559,624

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital and Research Center

Oakland, California —HL-070583

2. Thomas Jefferson University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-070585

3. Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc.

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-070587

4. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-070588

5. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-070590

6. University of Southern California

Los Angeles, California —HL-070595

7. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-070596

8. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-070769

9. Boston Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-070819

10. Children’s Hospital Research Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-070871

11. Yeshiva University

New York, New York —HL-070994
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

1. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HL-081007

2. EMMES Corporation 

Rockville, Maryland —HL-081021

3. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-081028

4. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-081030

Centers for AIDS Research (P30) Program

The NHLBI, along with five other NIH Institutes, contributes to the support of six Centers for AIDS Research that 

were established to provide a multidisciplinary environment that promotes basic, clinical, behavioral, and translational 

research activities in the prevention, detection, and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Almost half of the patient 

population comes from minority groups.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2007—$3,571,285

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New York University 

School of Medicine

New York, New York —AI-027742

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —AI-027757

3. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —AI-027763

4. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —AI-027767

5. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —AI-028697

6. Baylor University

Houston, Texas —AI-036211

7. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —AI-036214

8. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —AI-036219

9. University of Massachusetts 

Medical School 

Worcester, Massachusetts —AI-042845

10. Miriam Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island —AI-042853

11. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —AI-045008

12. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —AI-050409

13. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —AI-050410

14. Yeshiva University

New York, New York —AI-051519

15. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —AI-054907

16. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —AI-054999

17. Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts —AI-060354

18. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —AI-064518

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

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Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Heart $ 84,820 $ 77,886 $156,370 $156,415 $184,491 $214,971 $258,647 $245,881 $219,796 $213,320 $260,205

Lung 18,183 13,123 25,432 23,341 10,993 16,578 11,745 14,131 20,946 25,902 15,191

Blood 18,934 25,695 15,436 21,538 24,572 26,751 20,082 25,460 27,831 23,629 20,446

Total $121,937A $116,704B $197,238C $201,294D $220,056E $258,300F $290,474G $285,472H $268,573I $262,851J $295,842K

A Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $8,986,000.

B Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $12,589,000.

C Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $14,904,000.

D Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $17,944,000.

E Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $24,579,000.

F Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $35,827,000.

G Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $54,550,000.

H Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $57,545,722.

I Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $64,399,000.

J Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $67,795,000.

K Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $68,405,000.

Note: From 1999 to 2006 the WHI was reported separately. In this table, it has been incorporated in the “Heart” line.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Other R&D

Contracts

Major ContractSupported Clinical

Trials*

10. Research and Development Contracts

Dollars (Millions)

NHLBI Research and Development Contract Obligations:* Fiscal Years 1997–2007

* For detailed data on contract-supported clinical trials, see Chapter 11.
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2007

Total FY 2007 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) $128,310,450 $7,085,354 $135,395,804 

Candidate Gene Association Research (CARE) 2,789,517 13,472,000 16,261,517

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) 76,816,177 355,000 77,171,177

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) 78,720,161 3,519,585 82,239,746

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping 18,000,000 6,000,000 24,000,000

Framingham Heart Study 73,073,681 2,926,136 75,999,817

Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Other

Cardiovascular Conditions (GENTAC): National Registry 1,391,748 1,559,965 2,951,713

Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS) 2,900,000 21,269,620 24,169,620

Jackson Heart Study (JHS) 23,755,565 4,346,757 28,102,322

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 62,833,704 5,833,988 68,667,692

NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program (GTRP) 5,900,000 5,900,000

Pediatric Circulatory Support 14,540,343 2,297,000 16,837,343

Proteomics Initiative 97,633,890 18,245,000 115,878,890

Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support 2,801,579 946,139 3,747,718

SNP Health Association Research (SHARE) 2,000,000 9,172,820 11,172,820

Translational Behavioral Science Research Consortium 20,430,569 4,518,381 24,948,950

Lung Diseases

Lung Tissue Research Consortium 23,098,806 — 23,098,806

Tuberculosis Curriculum Coordinating Center 4,875,000 — 4,875,000

Blood Diseases and Resources

Maintenance of Animals for Hepatitis or AIDS Research 8,966,004 466,117 9,432,121

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository 7,625,914 2,181,239 9,807,153

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study II (REDS-II) 95,820,174 8,437,846 104,258,020

Sickle Cell Disease Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire 1,292,008 179,000 1,471,008

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities 21,715,735 17,000 21,732,735

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1985

The ARIC program is a large-scale, long-term program that is measuring associations of CHD risk factors 

with atherosclerosis by race, gender, and geographic 

location. It focuses on early detection of CVD before 

symptoms, heart attacks, or strokes occur. The project 

consists of two groups: a community surveillance component and a cohort component from four communities. 

Three of the cohort components represent the racial mix 

of their community, whereas the fourth is exclusively 

black.

In 2006, the study began conducting a community 

surveillance of inpatients (ages ≥55 years) and outpatients (ages ≥65 years) who have heart failure. The 

study will continue through 2009 to determine the 

number of heart failure events occurring during the 

2005–2009 period. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$7,085,354

Fiscal Years 1985–2006—$128,310,450

Total Funding to Date—$135,395,804
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Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of North Carolina at

Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55015

2. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HC-55016

3. University of North Carolina at

Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55018

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-55019

5. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-55020

6. Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-55021

Candidate Gene Association Resources (CARE),

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

This program establishes a genotyping and bioinformatics center to perform high-throughput genotyping 

for candidate gene association studies in up to 50,000 

participants, and a genome-wide association study in 

about 500 disease cases and 1,000 controls. The data 

will be combined with available phenotype data to form 

a genotype–phenotype resource for public use. DNA 

for the 50,000-person sample will be collected from 

multiple NHLBI cohort studies that have stored samples 

and available data on a wide array of heart, lung, blood, 

and sleep phenotypes. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$13,472,000

Fiscal Year 2006—$2,789,517

Total Funding to Date—$16,261,517

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cambridge, Massachusetts —HC-65226

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1988 

The CHS is a population-based, longitudinal study 

of risk factors for development and progression of CHS 

and stroke in elderly adults, 17 percent of whom are 

from minority populations. Extensive data and samples 

have been collected from nearly 6,000 participants since 

1989–1990. The current CHS: Transition Phase is sharing support for an infrastructure to enable continued 

access to study resources and expertise, scientific collaborations, and mentorship of early-career investigators. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$355,000

Fiscal Years 1988–2006—$76,816,177

Total Funding to Date—$77,171,177

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-55222

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young 

Adults (CARDIA), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1984

CARDIA is a long-term study examining the evolution of CVD risk factors in a cohort of black and white 

adults, aged 18 to 30 years in 1985–1986. The study 

examines risk for heart and lung disease and diabetes 

by collecting information on body mass index, physical 

activity and lifestyle, genetics, serologic and metabolic 

components, inflammatory markers, and other subclinical markers of disease. Fifty percent of the participants 

are black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$3,519,585

Fiscal Years 1984–2006—$78,720,161

Total Funding to Date—$82,239,746

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. New England Medical Center 

Hospitals, Inc.

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-45204

2. Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-45205

3. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-48047

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-48048

5. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-48049

6. Kaiser Permanente Division of Research

Oakland, California —HC-48050

7. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-95095
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DNA Resequencing and Genotyping, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to obtain rapid, reliable, and cost-efficient DNA sequencing and genotyping of candidate genomic regions potentially important 

in the disease pathways of heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders. This information will assist 

ongoing investigations of genetic components involved 

in the causes, variable outcome, and progression of the 

diseases and disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$6,000,000

Fiscal Years 2004–2006—$18,000,000

Total Funding to Date—$24,000,000

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Constella Group, Inc.

Bethesda, Maryland —HV-48193

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HV-48194

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HV-48195

4. J. Craig Venter Institute, Inc.

Rockville, Maryland —HV-48196

Framingham Heart Study

The original Framingham Heart Study was designed 

as a longitudinal investigation of constitutional and 

environmental factors influencing the development 

of CVD in individuals free of these conditions at the 

outset. Of the original 5,209 subjects, about 500 members remain alive. In 1971, the Framingham Offspring 

Study was initiated to assess familial and genetic factors 

associated with CHD. More than 5,000 offspring (and 

their spouses) were included. A third-generation cohort 

consisting of 3,500 grandchildren has been added to 

permit examination of numerous hypotheses about the 

genetic contribution to CVD and CVD risk factors. 

Additional goals include identifying new risk factors for 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and developing 

new imaging tests that can detect very early stages of 

coronary atherosclerosis in otherwise healthy adults.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,926,136

Fiscal Years 1983–2006—$73,073,681

Total Funding to Date—$75,999,817

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Boston University Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-25195

Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic 

Aneurysms and Other Cardiovascular 

Conditions (GENTAC): National Registry, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this program is to establish a national 

registry to enable investigators to determine the best 

medical practices to advance the clinical management 

of genetic thoracic aortic aneurysms and other cardiovascular complications associated with connective tissue diseases such as Marfan Syndrome.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—1,559,965

Fiscal Year 2006—$1,391,748

Total Funding to Date—$2,951,713

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Research Triangle Institute

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina —HV-68199

Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors 

for cardiovascular and lung diseases in Hispanic populations living in the United States and determine the 

role of acculturation in their development and prevalence. The program will support a multicenter, 6.5-year 

epidemiologic study comprising approximately 16,000 

participants of Hispanic origin (4,000 at each of 4 sites), 

aged 18 to 74 years.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—21,269,620

Fiscal Year 2006—$2,900,000

Total Funding to Date—$24,169,620

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of North Carolina at

Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-65233

2. University of Miami

Miami, Florida —HC-65234
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3. Albert Einstein College of Medicine

New York, New York —HC-65235

4. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-65236

5. San Diego State University

San Diego, California —HC-65237

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1998

The JHS is a single-site epidemiologic study of CVD 

in blacks, similar to established studies in Framingham, 

Massachusetts, and Honolulu, Hawaii, with primary 

goals of identifying risk factors for development and 

progression of CVD; enhancing recruitment, cohort 

retention, and scientific productivity of the existing 

Jackson site of the ARIC study; building research capabilities at minority institutions; developing partnerships 

between minority and majority institutions; and expanding minority investigator participation in large-scale epidemiologic studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$4,346,757

Fiscal Years 1998–2006—$23,755,565

Total Funding to Date—$28,102,322

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Jackson State University

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95170

2. Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95171

3. Tougaloo College

Tougaloo, Mississippi —HC-95172

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and progression of subclinical CVD, 

i.e., disease detected noninvasively before it has produced clinical signs and symptoms, in a population 

that is 38 percent white, 28 percent black, 22 percent 

Hispanic, and 12 percent Asian. In 2007, the fourth 

cohort examination was completed and plans are underway to continue periodic monitoring of participants to 

identify recent hospitalizations and other clinical events.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$5,833,988

Fiscal Years 1999–2006—$62,833,704

Total Funding to Date—$68,667,692

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-95159

2. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HC-95160

3. Columbia University

New York, New York —HC-95161

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95162

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95163

6. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-95164

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95165

8. University of Vermont

Colchester, Vermont —HC-95166

9. New England Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-95167

10. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95168

11. Harbor-UCLA Research and 

Education Institute

Los Angeles, California —HC-95169

NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program 

(GTRP), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to promote the 

translation of basic research into clinical trials. The 

program will support the production of safe and wellcharacterized vectors; conduct extensive toxicology and 

pharmacology studies on animals to determine vector 

dosing, related toxicity, and vector dissemination; and 

provide investigators with regulatory assistance to 

initiate a clinical trial. The GTRP also will support 

a maximum of two phase I/II gene transfer clinical 

trials per year that have successfully met all regulatory 

requirements and are ready to enroll patients within 

12 months of application approval.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$5,900,000

Total Funding to Date—$5,900,000
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Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Social and Scientific Systems, Inc.

Silver Spring, Maryland —HV-78200

2. Lovelace Biomedical Research &

Education Institute

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HV-78201

3. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HV-78202

4. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HV-78203

5. Indiana University

Indianapolis, Indiana —HV-78204

Pediatric Circulatory Support, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to establish multidisciplinary teams to develop innovative circulatory assist 

devices or other bioengineered systems for infants and 

children with congenital and acquired CVD who experience cardiopulmonary failure and circulatory collapse.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,297,000

Fiscal Years 2004–2006—$14,540,343

Total Funding to Date—$16,837,343

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Cleveland Clinic 

Lerner College of Medicine

Cleveland, Ohio —HV-48188

2. Ension, Inc.

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HV-48189

3. Jarvik Heart, Inc.

New York, New York —HV-48190

4. Pennsylvania State University

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HV-48191

5. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HV-48192

Proteomics Initiative, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2002

The purpose of this program is to establish highly 

interactive, multidisciplinary centers to enhance and 

develop innovative proteomic technologies directed 

to relevant biologic questions associated with heart, 

lung, blood, and sleep health and disease. Scientists 

will focus on the cells’ protein machinery directed 

toward understanding the molecular basis of the causes 

and progression of heart, lung, and blood diseases and 

sleep disorders and identifying targets for therapeutic 

interventions.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$18,245,000

Fiscal Years 2002–2006—$97,633,890

Total Funding to Date—$115,878,890

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HV-28178

2. Institute for Systems Biology

Seattle, Washington —HV-28179

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HV-28180

4. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HV-28181

5. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HV-28182

6. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HV-28183

7. University of Texas 

Galveston, Texas —HV-28184

8. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HV-28185

9. Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut —HV-28186

10. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the

Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. 

Rockville, Maryland —HV-28187

Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this program is to establish a data 

and clinical coordinating center to manage a registry 

of patients receiving a mechanical circulatory support 

device (MCSD) to treat heart failure. The registry will 

collect and analyze clinical and laboratory data and 

tissue samples from patients who receive MCSDs as 

destination therapy for end-stage heart failure at 60 to 

70 participating hospitals. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$946,139

Fiscal Years 2005–2006—$2,801,579

Total Funding to Date—$3,747,718
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Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Alabama

Birmingham, Alabama —HV-58198

SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this program is to identify genetic 

variants associated with heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders through application of large-scale, 

single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping for 

genome-wide association analyses. In collaboration 

with the National Center for Biotechnology Information, 

the Institute is developing a public-use data resource 

to integrate genome-wide genotypic information with 

phenotypic information from multiple NHLBI studies. 

The first study involves more than 14,000 participants in 

the Framingham Heart Study. Genotype and phenotype 

data from the study will be available to qualified and 

approved applicants beginning October 1, 2007. Two 

studies will be added in 2008 and 2009.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$9,172,820

Fiscal Year 2006—$2,000,000

Total Funding to Date—$11,172,820

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Affymetrix, Inc.

Santa Clara, California —HL-64278

Translational Behavioral Science Research 

Consortium, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium of interdisciplinary basic and applied social 

scientists to conduct research related to developing and 

testing theories from the behavioral or social sciences 

concerning cognitive, affective, motivational, developmental, and other factors and processes underlying 

human behavior. Acquired knowledge will be used 

to develop and test methods to encourage individuals 

to adopt and maintain a healthy lifestyle and manage 

behavioral risk factors for heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2007—$4,518,381

Fiscal Years 2002–2006—$20,430,569

Total Funding to Date—$24,948,950

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Weill Medical College of

Cornell University

New York, New York —HC-25196

2. Mount Sinai School of Medicine

New York, New York —HC-25197

Lung Diseases Program

Lung Tissue Research Consortium, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium for collecting lung tissues and preparing and distributing them for research. Scientists seek to improve 

management of lung diseases by increasing understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of lung diseases 

through molecular histopathological studies on tissues 

with and without disease. Primary emphases are on 

COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$0

Fiscal Years 2004–2006—$23,098,806

Total Funding to Date—$23,098,806

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester, New York —HR-46158

2. University of Colorado 

Health Science Center

Denver, Colorado —HR-46159

3. University of Colorado 

Health Science Center

Denver, Colorado —HR-46160

4. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester, New York —HR-46161

5. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-46162

6. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-46163

7. Clinical Trials and Survey Corporation

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-46164

Tuberculosis Curriculum Coordinating Center, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium of five Tuberculosis Curriculum Centers to 

strengthen and increase access to the best ongoing educational and training opportunities in TB for medical, 
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nursing, and allied health schools, especially those 

that provide primary care to communities where TB is 

endemic and the population is at high risk.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$0

Fiscal Years 2003–2006—$4,875,000

Total Funding to Date—$4,875,000

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HR-36157

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Maintenance of Animals for Hepatitis or AIDS 

Research, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1992

The purpose of this program is to maintain an NHLBI 

chimpanzee colony that can be used in experiments with 

transfusion-transmitted infectious agents (hepatitis C 

virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and HIV) for 

which the chimpanzee is the only known animal model.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$466,117

Fiscal Years 1992–2006—$8,966,004

Total Funding to Date—$9,432,121

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Southwest Foundation for

Biomedical Research

San Antonio, Texas —HB-27091

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen 

Repository, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1998

The purpose of this project is to establish an NHLBI 

Biological Specimen Repository for blood specimens 

from Institute-supported research. The Repository 

monitors storage, labeling, and testing of the specimens, 

as well as administers safe shipment of precise sample 

aliquots to approved investigators for future studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,181,239

Fiscal Years 1998–2006—$7,625,914

Total Funding to Date—$9,807,153

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. SeraCare Life Sciences, Inc.

Rockville, Maryland —HB-87144

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1989

The purpose of this study is to conduct epidemiologic, laboratory, and survey research on volunteer blood 

donors within the United States to ensure the safety and 

availability of the blood supply. The studies will examine the risks of transfusion-transmissible infections, their 

trends, and ways to reduce infection risks; HIV, HTLV, 

HCV, and HBV test screening methodologies; donor 

characteristics, behaviors, and donation return patterns 

of U.S. blood donors; and the effectiveness and safety of 

various strategies to increase the U.S. blood supply. An 

international component has been added to the REDS 

study to conduct epidemiologic, laboratory, and survey 

research on the blood donors in China and Brazil.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$8,437,846

Fiscal Years 1989–2006—$95,820,174

Total Funding to Date—$104,258,020

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HB-47168

2. American Red Cross Blood Service, 

New England

Farmington, Connecticut —HB-47169

3. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HB-47170

4. University of Cincinnati

Cincinnati, Ohio —HB-47171

5. Institute for Transfusion Medicine

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HB-47172

6. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HB-47174

7. Westat, Inc. 

Rockville, Maryland —HB-47175

8. Blood System Research, Inc.

San Francisco, California —HB-57181

Sickle Cell Disease Health-Related Quality of 

Life Questionnaire, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this project is to develop a psychometrically sound and clinically useful health-related 

quality-of-life instrument and related materials for use in 
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Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

sickle cell clinical trials and outcomes research among 

adults with SCD, and to assist researchers who are early 

users of the instrument and materials.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$179,000

Fiscal Years 2005–2006—$1,292,008

Total Funding To Date—$1,471,008

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. American Institutes for Research

Health Program

Silver Spring, Maryland —HL-54264

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

This program is designed to develop novel somatic 

cellular therapies in areas ranging from basic science 

through animal studies to proof-of-principle and 

eventually human trials for heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders. The goal is to provide rapid, 

safe translation of basic research ideas into clinical 

practice.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$17,000

Fiscal Years 2003–2006—$21,715,735

Total Funding to Date—$21,732,735

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HB-37163

2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HB-37164

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HB-37165

4. The EMMES Corporation

Rockville, Maryland —HB-37166

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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Program on Surgical Control of 

Hyperlipidemias (POSCH)

$ 294 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Infant Heart Surgery: Central Nervous 

System Sequelae of Circulatory Arrest

685 582 584 392 75 — — — — — —

Women’s Health Study (WHS) 1,473 1,536 1,530 1,594 — — — — 889 — 735

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the 

Menopause

494 528 186 — — — — — — — —

CABG Patch Trial* 1,171 — — — — — — — — — —

Women’s Antioxidant and Cardiovascular 

Study (WACS)

501 525 540 556 572 598 592 599 670 — —

Oral Calcium in Pregnant Women With 

Hypertension

332 — — — — — — — — — —

Stress Reduction and Atherosclerotic CVD 

in Blacks

407 40 326 339 360 376 394 — — — —

Enalapril After Anthracycline 

Cardiotoxicity

724 789 — — — — — — — — —

Stress and Anger Management for Blacks 

With Hypertension

250 — — — — — — — — — —

Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis 

(ERA) Trial* 965 1,668 1,017 — — — — — — — —

Shock Trial: Should We Emergently 

Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for 

Cardiogenic Shock?

826 874 — 440 362 298 291 296 — — —

HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study 445 340 — 326 — — — — — — —

Women’s Estrogen/Progestin Lipid 

Lowering Hormone Atherosclerosis 

Regression Trial (WELL-HART)*

1,196 1,269 1,131 — 32 — — — — — —

Mode Selection Trial in Sinus Node 

Dysfunction (MOST)* 2,096 1,700 2,879 1,136 154 — — — — — —

Antioxidants and Prevention of Early 

Atherosclerosis* 603 — — — — — — — — — —

Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy in 

Unstable Angina

264 271 276 — — — — — — — —

Estrogen and Graft Atherosclerosis 

Research Trial (EAGER)* 488 305 — 361 371 — — — — — —

Soy Estrogen Alternative Study

(SEA)

217 221 — — — — — — — — —

REMATCH Trial* 1,258 1,798 1,333 825 750 — — — — — —

A clinical trial is defined as a scientific research 

study undertaken with human subjects to evaluate 

prospectively the diagnostic, prophylactic, or therapeutic effect of a drug, device, regimen, or procedure 

used or intended ultimately for use in the practice of 

medicine or the prevention of disease. A clinical trial 

is planned and conducted prospectively and includes 

a concurrent control group or other appropriate comparison group.

* Paid by U01/U10.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake, and Blood 

Pressure (DASH Sodium)* **

2,233 3,693 3,646 1,247 151 387 376 395 — — —

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial 

(SCD-HeFT)*

1,571 1,667 1,709 1,698 1,798 1,412 1,930 — — — —

CVD Risk and Health in Post-Menopausal 

Phytoestrogen Users

631 662 574 244 — 304 152 — — — —

Treatment of Hypertension With Two Exercise 

Intensities

359 474 473 481 420 — — — — — —

Prevention of Recurrent Venous 

Thromboembolism (PREVENT)

— 1,242 894 521 543 1,272 — — — — —

PREMIER: Lifestyle Interventions for Blood 

Pressure Control*

— 2,234 3,425 3,595 2,925 1,505 — — — — —

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study 

(ACES)*

— 847 2,663 2,182 720 1,254 1,137 — — — —

Antiarrhythmic Effects of N-3 Fatty Acids — — 514 542 529 647 — — — — —

Fatty Acid Antiarrhythmia Trial (FAAT) — — 519 605 — — — — — — —

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT)* — — 4,892 5,079 2,604 1,724 1,963 — — 963 1,452

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics 

(BARI 2D)*

— — — 3,942 6,515 9,342 8,189 8,265 8,304 8,592 2,647

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery* — — — 473 557 596 590 492 — — —

Angiotensin-II Blockade in Mitral 

Regurgitation

— — — — 553 610 629 500 — — —

Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial 

(HART)

— — — — 795 1,617 1,453 1,174 861 740 304

Reduction of Triglycerides in Women on HRT — — — — 708 746 555 544 721 — 625

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE)* **

— — — — 1,502 1,506 1,306 1,303 996 — —

ACE Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular 

Risk Factors

— — — — — 694 656 602 — — —

Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial 

Investigating Outcomes of Exercise 

(HF-ACTION)*

— — — — — 7,471 9,582 7,973 4,483 4,590 2,846

Clinical Trial of Dietary Protein on Blood 

Pressure

— — — — — 655 610 612 504 500 —

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial 

(HAT)*

— — — — — 3,567 5,433 4,264 1,801 2,115 —

Perioperative Interventional Neuroprotection 

Trial (POINT)

— — — — — 553 553 562 572 378 —

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics 

Study (SANDS)*

— — — — — 2,410 2,165 2,107 2,324 2,074 197

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH)*

— — — — — 5,709 4,495 1,613 6,082 5,583 9,396

* Paid by U01/U10. ** Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies 

(GEMS)*

— — — — — — 2,461 2,400 2,370 1,950 —

Treatment of Depression Following Bypass 

Surgery

— — — — — — 964 1,132 1,181 1,193 885

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM)* — — — — — — 3,687 4,368 3,099 4,015 2,151

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL)*

— — — — — — — 4,343 5,610 4,884 3,307

FREEDOM Trial: Future Revascularization 

Evaluation in Patients With Diabetes 

Mellitus: Optional Management of 

Multivessel Disease

— — — — — — — 3,663 4,669 — 5,180

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial 

Metabolic Enhancement During Initial 

Assessment and Treatment in Emergency 

Care*

— — — — — — — 5,170 9,514 10,966 —

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent 

Vascular Events* — — — — — — — — 663 6,324 6,018

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal 

Revascularization (CLEVER)* — — — — — — — — 1,368 1,478 1,898

Intervention To Control Obesity in College — — — — — — — — — 677 633

PACEmaker and Beta-Blocker 

Therapy Post-Myocardial Infarction 

(PACE-MI)

— — — — — — — — — 1,300 4,555

Efficacy of Smoking Quit Line in the Military — — — — — — — — — — 739

Vest prevention of Early Sudden death Trial 

(VEST) and PREDiction of ICd Therapies 

Studies (PREDICTS)*

— — — — — — — — — — 1,390

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 19,483 23,265 29,111 26,578 22,996 45,253 50,163 52,377 56,681 58,312 44,958

Lung Diseases

Inhaled Beclomethasone To Prevent Chronic 

Lung Disease* 436 — — — — — — — — — —

Lung Health Study II* ** 3,508 980 — — — — — — — — —

Lung Health Study III* ** — 1,997 1,986 1,616 1,672 927 — — — — —

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN)* ** — 4,934 5,399 5,686 5,705 5,863 — — — — —

Fetal Tracheal Occlusion for Severe 

Diaphragmatic Hernia* — — 419 429 181 — — — — — —

Scleroderma Lung Study* — — 1,040 1,501 1,761 1,501 1,055 — — 71 —

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Prevention of 

Chronic Lung Disease* — — — 1,959 1,803 1,764 1,442 1,245 — — —

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic 

Lung Disease* — — — 1,548 1,742 1,839 1,604 903 — — —

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis II (PIOPED II)* — — — 2,190 3,667 3,388 472 — — — —

Randomized Trial To Reduce ETS in Children 

With Asthma

— — — 555 545 468 277 — — — —

* Paid by U01/U10. ** Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Lung Diseases (continued)

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term 

Efficacy Study (APPLES)* — — — — — 3,224 3,021 3,110 3,188 — 1,532

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program-Continuation Study 

(CAMP-CS)/Phase II* **

— — — — — — 1,489 2,043 2,623 2,750 —

Clinical Trial of Acid Reflux Therapy 

in Asthma* — — — — — — 736 783 791 773 662

Impact of CPAP on Functional 

Outcomes in Milder Obstructive 

Sleep Apnea (CATNAP)

— — — — — — 682 612 608 694 —

Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older 

Men

— — — — — — 4,163 4,262 1,390 1,142 910

Supplemental Selenium and Vitamin E 

and Pulmonary Function

— — — — — — 698 610 630 605 561

Improving Asthma Care in Minority 

Children in Head Start

— — — — — — — 721 826 1,004 779

Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood 

Sleep Apnea

— — — — — — — — — 2,255 2,388

Early Insulin Therapy and 

Development of ARDS

— — — — — — — — — — 489

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program—Continuation Study 

(CAMP-CS)/Phase III* **

— — — — — — — — — — 2,077

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 3,944 7,911 8,844 15,484 17,076 18,974 15,639 14,289 10,056 9,294 9,398

Blood Diseases and Resources

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell 

Anemia (STOP)* 2,584 2,036 — 293 — — — — — — —

Pediatric Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell 

Anemia (PED HUG)

270 — — — — — — — — — —

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell 

Anemia (STOP 2)* — — — 4,200 3,166 3,168 2,320 2,366 — — —

Induction of Stable Chimerism for 

Sickle Cell Anemia

— — — — 489 525 527 551 — — —

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking 

and Transplantation

— — — — 1,222 1,224 1,286 1,353 — — —

FOCUS — — — — — — 1,639 1,796 2,923 2,446 1,974

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea (SWITCH)* — — — — — — — — 3,345 3,932 3,531

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 2,854 2,036 — 4,493 4,877 4,917 5,772 6,066 6,268 6,378 5,505

Total, NHLBI $26,281 $33,212 $37,955 $46,555 $44,949 $69,144 $71,574 $82,220 $73,005 $73,984 $59,861

* Paid by U01/U10. ** Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2007: Summary by Program

Total Obligations

Prior to FY 2007

FY 2007 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent Vascular Events* $ 6,987,287 $ 6,018,096 $ 13,005,383

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in 

Type 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D)* 53,150,028 2,646,947 55,796,975

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL)* 14,837,498 3,306,675 18,144,173

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization (CLEVER)* 2,846,994 1,898,415 4,745,409

Efficacy of Smoking Quit Line in the Military — 738,869 738,869

FREEDOM Trial: Future Revascularization Evaluation in Patients With 

Diabetes Mellitus: Optimal Management of Multivessel Disease

8,332,457 5,180,309 13,512,766

Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise 

Training* 34,099,521 2,846,477 36,945,998

Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial (HART) 6,639,821 304,393 6,944,214

Interventions To Control Obesity in College 667,082 633,146 1,300,228

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT) 17,224,514 1,452,378 18,676,892

PACEmaker and Beta-Blocker Therapy Post-Myocardial Infarction 

(PACE-MI)* 1,300,000 4,554,590 5,854,590

Reduction of Triglycerides in Women on HRT 3,275,109 625,001 3,900,110

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS)* 11,079,036 197,305 11,276,341

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH)* 23,482,321 9,395,837 32,878,158

Treatment of Depression Following Bypass Surgery 4,469,703 884,570 5,354,273

Vest prevention of Early Sudden death Trial (VEST) and PREDiction of 

ICd Therapies Studies (PREDICTS)* — 1,389,760 1,389,760

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM)* 15,168,042 2,150,858 17,318,900

Women's Health Study (WHS) 16,922,647 735,367 17,658,014

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 220,482,060 44,958,993 265,441,053

Lung Diseases

Acid Reflux Therapy in Asthma* 3,083,552 662,283 3,745,835

Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood Sleep Apnea* 2,254,440 2,387,691 4,642,131

APPLES: Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study* 12,542,181 1,532,037 14,074,218

Childhood Asthma Management Program III (CAMP III)* — 2,077,278 2,077,278

Early Insulin Therapy and Development of ARDS — 489,176 489,176

Improving Asthma Care for Minority Children in Head Start 2,551,490 779,283 3,330,773

Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men 10,956,384 910,480 11,866,864

Supplemental Selenium and Vitamin E and Pulmonary Function 2,542,694 560,835 3,103,529

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 33,930,741 9,399,063 43,329,804

Blood Diseases and Resources

FOCUS* 8,804,219 1,974,477 10,778,696

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (SWITCH)* 7,277,340 3,531,426 10,808,766

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 16,081,559 5,505,903 21,587,462

TOTAL, NHLBI $270,494,360 $59,863,959 $330,358,319

* Paid by U01/U10.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Contracts

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Lipid Research Clinics $ 650 $ 685 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Raynaud’s Treatment Study 19 — — — — — — — — — —

Antiarrhythmic vs. Implantable 

Defibrillator (AVID)

— 871 548 — — — — — — — —

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering 

Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack 

Trial (ALLHAT)

15,943 17,119 — 6,259 7,000 3,980 2,761 3,346 — — —

Activity Counseling Trial (ACT) 2,167 2,439 — — — — — — — — —

Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin 

Interventions (PEPI)

3 170 — — — — — — — — —

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart 

Disease Patients (ENRICHD)

6,837 5,904 3,303 3,487 596 425 70 — — — —

Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up:

Investigation in Rhythm 

Management (AFFIRM)

6,330 — 3,785 1,239 2,401 802 — — — — —

Beta-Blocker Evaluation Survival Trial 

(BEST)

2,300 2,448 — — — — — — — — —

Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and 

Estrogen Trial (WAVE)

2,891 1,917 3,878 886 756 — 32 — — — —

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome 

Evaluation (WISE)

133 2,932 856 1,424 10 50 — — — — —

Prevention of Events With Angiotensin 

Converting Enzyme Inhibitor 

Therapy (PEACE)

2,838 2,836 2,850 5,988 — 2,849 558 — — — —

Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) — 1,169 2,009 1,243 — 238 — — — — —

Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart 

Failure and Pulmonary Artery 

Catheterization Effectiveness 

(ESCAPE)

— — 1,750 1,820 — 1,129 — — — 311 —

Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk 

in Diabetes (ACCORD)

— — 4,130 6,590 — 1,750 18,521 33,779 26,126 — 19,484

Women’s Health Initiative — — 59,100 57,700 59,200 59,010 63,222 57,483 37,826 12,124 14,873

Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) 

Community Trial

— — 2,923 2,414 3,058 1,101 — — — — —

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonist 

Therapy in Adults With Preserved 

Ejection Fraction Congestive Heart 

Failure (TOPCAT)

— — — — — — — 837 5,162 5,480 2,218

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 40,111 38,490 85,132 89,050 73,021 71,334 85,164 95,445 69,114 17,915 36,575

Lung Diseases

Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiac 

Complications of HIV Infection 

(P2C2)

668 1,979 — 315 — 113 — — — — —

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program (CAMP)

5,695 — 6,551 729 1,330 2,786 2,287 1,475 599 — —
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 (continued)

Contracts (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Acute Respiratory Distress 

Syndrome Clinical Network 

(ARDSNET)

4,510 4,880 6,837 5,587 2,667 1,502 4,402 5,517 4,707 7,396 5,037

National Emphysema 

Treatment Trial (NETT)

2,710 3,367 7,545 4,047 6,989 7,910 1,630 1,648 357 — —

Feasibility of Retinoid 

Treatment in Emphysema 

(FORTE)

— — 884 7,711 — 2,429 725 507 185 — —

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment 

Trial (LOTT)

— — — — — — — — — — 6,208

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 13,583 10,226 21,817 18,389 10,986 14,740 9,044 9,147 5,848 7,396 11,245

Blood Diseases and 

Resources

Clinical Course of Sickle 

Cell Disease

205 2,144 350 106 — — — — — — —

T-Cell Depletion in 

Unrelated Donor 

Marrow Transplantation

639 2,228 690 1,085 1,144 557 774 164 — — —

Viral Activation 

Transfusion Study 

(VATS)

2,353 1,668 — 339 — — — — — — —

Cord Blood Stem Cell 

Transplantation Study 

(COBLT)

6,573 12,530 1,456 5,122 1,846 2,166 588 707 822 — —

Multicenter Study of 

Hydroxyurea (MSH) 

in Sickle Cell Anemia 

Adult Follow-Up

472 475 469 — — 588 994 1,136 1,340 — —

Pediatric Hydroxyurea 

Phase III Clinical Trial 

(BABY HUG)

— — — 1,606 405 3,100 1,112 1,964 1,526 891 3,966

Sildenafil for Sickle 

Cell DiseaseAssociated Pulmonary 

Hypertension

— — — — — — — — — 1,867 2,801

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and 

Resources

10,242 19,045 2,965 8,258 3,395 6,411 3,468 3,971 3,688 2,758 6,767

Total, NHLBI Clinical 

Trials Contracts

$63,936 $67,761 $109,914 $115,697 $87,402 $92,485 $97,676 $108,563 $78,650 $28,069 $54,587
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Heart and Vascular 

Diseases

Dietary Intervention 

Study in Children 

(DISC)

$ 746 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Bypass Angioplasty 

Revascularization 

Investigation (BARI)

2,894 1,360 1,609 1,634 1,549 1,456 — — — — —

Child and Adolescent 

Trial for Cardiovascular 

Health (CATCH)

3,956 572 210 — — — — — — — —

Dietary Effects on 

Lipoproteins and 

Thrombogenic Activity 

(DELTA)

290 — — — — — — — — — —

Obesity Prevention in 

Young American 

Indians (PATHWAYS)

4,119 3,945 4,196 2,459 — — — — — — —

Rapid Early Action for 

Coronary Treatment 

(REACT)

2,866 496 — — — — — — — — —

Girls Health Enrichment 

Multisite Studies 

(GEMS)

— — 2,282 2,365 2,877 2,713 — — — — —

Trial of Activity for 

Adolescent Girls 

(TAAG)

— — — 5,274 4,831 5,919 5,828 6,350 5,103 905 —

Pediatric Heart Network — — — — 3,447 4,822 5,381 4,948 3,992 6,988 6,607

Clinical Research 

Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcome

— — — — — — — 6,886 9,339 9,728 8,972

Dynamic Assessment of 

Patient-Reported 

Chronic Disease 

Outcomes

— — — — — — — 1,010 — — —

Clinical Trials in Organ 

Transplantation (CTOT)

— — — — — — — — 1,900 1,855 1,801

Heart Failure Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — — — — — — 5,642 7,801

Weight Loss in Obese 

Adults With CVD Risk 

Factors

— — — — — — — — — 2,567 3,714

Community-Responsive 

Interventions To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in 

American Indians and 

Alaska Natives

— — — — — — — — — 1,419 2,314

Pediatric HIV/AIDS 

Cohort Study 

(PHACS)—Data and 

Operations Center

— — — — — — — — — 1,000 500
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Heart and Vascular 

Diseases (continued)

Network for Cardiothoracic 

Surgical Investigations in 

Cardiovascular Medicine

— — — — — — — — — — 6,009

Cardiovascular Cell 

Therapy Research 

Network (Stem Cell)

— — — — — — — — — — 4,424

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular 

Diseases

14,871 6,373 8,297 11,732 12,704 14,910 11,209 19,194 20,334 30,104 42,142

Lung Diseases

Asthma Clinical Research 

Network (ACRN)* 4,479 — — — — — 8,181 8,424 8,667 7,839 8,918

Asthma and Pregnancy 

Studies

913 — — — — — — — — — —

Childhood Asthma 

Research and Education 

(CARE) Network

— — 4,175 5,002 5,314 6,005 5,610 5,292 5,704 5,735 5,916

COPD Clinical Research 

Network

— — — — — — 6,843 6,848 8,438 7,664 6,836

Idiopathic Pulmonary 

Fibrosis Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — — — — — 3,486 7,349 7,216

NICHD Cooperative 

Multicenter Neonatal 

Research Network

— — — — — — — — — 1,336 238

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 5,392 — 4,175 5,002 5,314 6,005 20,634 20,564 26,295 29,923 29,124

Blood Diseases and 

Resources

Thalassemia (Cooley’s 

Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network

— — — 2,192 2,219 2,269 2,320 2,375 2,730 2,682 2,618

Blood and Marrow 

Transplant Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — 5,360 5,899 5,950 5,972 6,460 6,845 6,709

Transfusion Medicine/ 

Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — — 6,053 6,241 6,093 6,221 6,521 6,407

Sickle Cell Disease Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — — — — — — 3,761 7,498

Subtotal, Blood Diseases 

and Resources

— — — 2,192 7,579 14,221 14,511 14,440 15,411 19,809 23,232

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials, 

Cooperative Agreements

$20,263 $6,373 $12,472 $18,926 $25,597 $35,136 $46,354 $54,198 $62,040 $79,836 $94,498

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials

$84,199 $74,134 $122,386 $134,623 $112,999 $127,621 $144,030 $162,761 $140,690 $107,905 $149,085

* Investigator-Initiated from 1998 to 2002.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2007: Summary by Program

Contracts

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2007

Total FY 2007 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) $ 90,895,802 $19,484,056 $110,379,858 

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy in Adults With Ejection 

Fraction Congestive Heart Failure (TOPCAT)

11,478,663 2,217,724 13,696,387

Women’s Health Initiative 722,565,555 14,872,780 737,438,335

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 824,940,020 36,574,560 861,514,580

Lung Diseases

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network 

(ARDSNET) 

58,311,705 5,036,653 63,348,358

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT) — 6,208,395 6,208,395

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 58,311,705 11,245,048 69,556,753

Blood Diseases and Resources

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG) 10,604,399 3,966,000 14,570,399

Sildenafil for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated Pulmonary 

Hypertension

1,867,000 2,801,174 4,668,174

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 12,471,399 6,767,174 19,238,573

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Contracts $895,723,124 $54,586,782 $950,309,906 

Note: From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately under its own major heading. In this table, it is included in the Heart and Vascular Diseases section.

Cooperative Agreements

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2007

Total FY 2007 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network (Stem Cell) $ — $ 4,424,183 $ 4,424,183

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation Outcome 25,952,727 8,971,584 34,924,311

Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation (CTOT) 3,755,350 1,801,545 5,556,895

Community-Responsive Interventions To Reduce Cardiovascular

Risk in American Indians and Alaska Natives

1,418,746 2,314,003 3,732,749

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network 5,642,461 7,800,582 13,443,043

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigations in 

Cardiovascular Medicine

— 6,008,848 6,008,848

Pediatric Heart Network 29,578,646 6,607,550 36,186,196

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study—Data and Operations Center 1,000,000 500,000 1,500,000

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) 34,211,102 — 34,211,102

Weight Loss in Obese Adults With CVD Risk Factors 2,567,146 3,713,946 6,281,092

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 104,126,178 42,142,241 146,268,419

Lung Diseases

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), Phase II 33,110,894 8,917,879 42,028,773

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network 42,837,293 5,915,840 48,753,133

COPD Clinical Research Network 29,793,928 6,836,458 36,630,386

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network 10,835,422 7,216,255 18,051,677

NICHD Cooperative Multicenter Neonatal Research Network 1,336,159 237,647 1,573,806

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 117,913,696 29,124,079 147,037,775

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 36,486,721 6,708,880 43,195,601

Sickle Cell Disease Clinical Research Network 3,761,385 7,497,847 11,259,232

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network 16,787,170 2,618,369 19,405,539

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 31,128,254 6,407,000 37,535,254

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 88,163,530 23,232,096 111,395,626

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Cooperative Agreements $ 310,203,404 $ 94,498,416 $ 404,701,820 

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials $1,205,926,528 $149,085,198 $1,355,011,726 
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk in 

Diabetes (ACCORD), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate three diabetic 

treatment strategies (intensive glycemic control, blood 

pressure control, and fibrate treatment to raise HDLcholesterol and lower triglycerides) to prevent major 

cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes 

mellitus. The primary outcome measure is CVD mortality or major morbidity (MI and stroke). A vanguard 

phase of about 1,000 participants was completed in FY 

2002, and the main trial proceeded in FY 2003.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$19,484,056

Fiscal Years 1999–2006—$90,895,802

Total Funding to Date—$110,379,858

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Veterans Affairs Medical Center,

Albuquerque

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HC-10100

2. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis

Memphis, Tennessee —HC-90350

3. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95178

4. McMaster University

Hamilton, Ontario —HC-95179

5. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-95180

6. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HC-95181

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95182

8. Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95183

9. Trustees of Columbia University of 

New York

New York, New York —HC-95184

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to establish a research 

network to evaluate innovative cell therapy treatment 

strategies for individuals with CVD. The network 

will provide the necessary infrastructure to develop, 

coordinate, and conduct multiple collaborative clinical 

protocols to facilitate application of emerging scientific 

discoveries to improve CVD outcomes. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$4,424,183

Total Funding to Date—$4,424,183

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-087314

2. University of Texas

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-087318

3. Texas Heart Institute

Houston, Texas —HL-087365

4. University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida —HL-087366

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-087394

6. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-087403

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcomes, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2004

The purpose of this study is to establish a resuscitation research consortium to conduct research in cardiopulmonary arrest and traumatic injury leading to arrest. 

The consortium will facilitate the rapid translation of 

promising scientific and clinical advances to improve 

resuscitation outcomes.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$8,971,584

Fiscal Years 2004–2006—$25,952,727

Total Funding to Date—$34,924,311

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-077863

2. University of Iowa

Iowa, City, Iowa —HL-077865

3. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-077866

4. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-077867

5. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-077871
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

6. St. Michael’s Hospital

Toronto, Ontario —HL-077872

7. Oregon Health and Science University

Portland, Oregon —HL-077873

8. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-077881

9. Ottawa Health Research Institute

Ottawa, Ontario —HL-077885

10. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-077887

11. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-077908

Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation 

(CTOT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this program is to support a multisite 

consortium for interventional or observational clinical 

studies to enhance our understanding of, and ultimately 

reduce, the immune-mediated morbidity and mortality 

of organ transplantation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$1,801,545

Fiscal Years 2005–2006—$3,755,350

Total Funding to Date—$5,556,895

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —AI-063589

2. Mount Sinai School of Medicine

New York, New York —AI-063594

3. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —AI-063623

Community-Responsive Interventions To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in American Indians and 

Alaska Natives, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

 The purpose of this program is to develop and 

evaluate the effectiveness of culturally appropriate 

interventions to promote the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors to reduce CVD risk in American Indian/

Alaska Native communities. Interventions will focus 

on weight reduction, regular physical activity, and 

smoking cessation. A central feature of this project is 

to develop interventions that can be incorporated into 

clinical programs of the community health care system 

or delivered through public health approaches in Native 

communities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,314,003

Fiscal Year 2006—$1,418,746

Total Funding to Date—$3,732,749

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-087322

2. University of Oklahoma Health

Sciences Center

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-087354

3. University of Wisconsin—Madison

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-087381

4. Black Hills Center/American Indian

Health

Rapid City, South Dakota —HL-087422 

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this network is to accelerate research 

in the diagnosis and management of heart failure in 

order to improve outcomes through optimal application 

of existing therapies and evaluation of novel therapies. 

The network will provide the necessary infrastructure to 

develop, coordinate, and conduct multiple collaborative 

clinical protocols to facilitate application of emerging 

basic science discoveries into clinical investigations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$7,800,582

Fiscal Year 2006—$5,642,461

Total Funding to Date—$13,443,043

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Minneapolis Medical Research 

Foundation, Inc.

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-084861

2. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-084875

3. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-084877

4. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-084889 

5. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HL-084890

6. Morehouse School of Medicine

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-084891

7. University of Vermont and State

Agriculture College

Burlington, Vermont —HL-084899
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

8. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-084904

9. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-084907

10. Montreal Heart Institute

Montreal, Quebec, Canada —HL-084931

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical 

Investigations in Cardiovascular Medicine, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to establish a network 

to evaluate newer surgical techniques, technologies, 

devices, and innovative pharmaceutical and bioengineered products directed at CVD to ensure that the 

public has access to the best procedures determined 

by careful assessment. The Network will also serve as 

a clinical trials training ground for fellows and junior 

faculty. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$6,008,848

Total Funding to Date—$6,008,848

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Virginia, Charlottesville

Charlottesville, Virginia —HL-088925

2. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-088928

3 Yeshiva University

Bronx, New York —HL-088939

4. Columbia University Health Sciences

New York, New York —HL-088942

5. Columbia University Health Sciences

New York, New York —HL-088951

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-088953

7. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-088955

8. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-088957

9. Montreal Heart Institute

Montreal, Quebec, Canada —HL-088963

Pediatric Heart Network, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2001

The objective of this study is to establish a clinical 

network to evaluate novel treatment methods and 

management strategies for children with structural 

congenital heart disease, inflammatory heart disease, 

heart muscle disease, or arrhythmias.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$6,607,550

Fiscal Years 2001–2006—$29,578,646

Total Funding to Date—$36,186,196

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-068269

2. New England Research Institute, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-068270

3. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-068279

4. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HL-068281

5. Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-068285

6. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HL-068288

7. Columbia University Health Sciences

New York, New York —HL-068290

8. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-068292

9. Children’s Hospital Medical Center 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-085057

Pediatric HIV/AID Cohort Study (PHACS)—

Data and Operations Center, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

The purpose of this study is to create a body of data 

to understand more fully the effect of HIV on sexual 

maturation, pubertal development, and socialization of 

perinatally HIV-infected preadolescents and adolescents, 

and to acquire more definitive information regarding 

long-term safety of antiretroviral agents when used during pregnancy and in newborns.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$500,000

Fiscal Year 2006—$1,000,000

Total Funding to Date—$1,500,000

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Harvard University

Boston, Massachusetts —HD-052102
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this community-based study is to test 

the effects of a school–community-linked intervention to 

prevent decline in physical activity and cardiorespiratory 

fitness seen during adolescence in girls. The study is 

being conducted in 36 schools; 43 percent of the population are minorities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$0

Fiscal Years 2000–2006—$34,211,102

Total Funding to Date—$34,211,102

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-066845

2. University of South Carolina

Columbia, South Carolina —HL-066852

3. University of North Carolina at

Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-066853

4. Tulane University

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-066855

5. San Diego State University

San Diego, California —HL-066856

6. University of Maryland

College Park, Maryland —HL-066857

7. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-066858

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists in Adults With 

Preserved Ejection Fraction Congestive Heart 

Failure (TOPCAT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of aldosterone antagonist therapy to reduce mortality in patients who have heart failure with preserved 

systolic function.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,217,724

Fiscal Years 2004–2006—$11,478,663

Total Funding to Date—$13,696,387

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. New England Research Institutes, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HC-45207

Weight Loss in Obese Adults With 

Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

The purpose of this study is to conduct randomized 

clinical trials in routine clinical practice settings to test 

the effectiveness of weight loss interventions in obese 

patients who have one or more additional cardiovascular risk factors. An important secondary focus of these 

effectiveness clinical trials is to incorporate the weight 

loss strategies with approaches to improve application of 

evidence-based guidelines to reduce the other cardiovascular risk factors commonly present in obese patients, 

such as elevated lipids, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, or cigarette smoking. All of the participants will be from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$3,713,946

Fiscal Year 2006—$2,567,146

Total Funding to Date—$6,281,092

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-087071

2. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-087072

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-087085

Women’s Health Initiative, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1992

The purpose of the WHI is to study cardiovascular 

disease, cancer, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal 

women. The program consists of three major components: a randomized controlled clinical trial of HRT, 

dietary modification, and calcium/vitamin D supplementation; an observational study to identify predictors of 

disease; and a study of community approaches to developing healthful behaviors.

In 2007, the WHI began a program to maximize the 

scientific yield from the biologic resources and associated participant exposure and outcome data from the 

study. The program seeks innovative technologies that 

will enable comprehensive investigation of sets of markers associated with disease outcomes or treatment effects, 

or of groups of mediators that might explain the pathway 

of exposure or treatment effects on disease outcomes.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$14,872,780

Fiscal Years 2000–2005*—$722,565,555

Total Funding to Date—$737,438,335

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-22110

2. University of Medicine and Dentistry

of New Jersey

Newark, New Jersey —WH-24152

3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-32100

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —WH-32101

5. University of Iowa

College of Medicine 

Iowa City, Iowa —WH-32102

6. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —WH-32105

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —WH-32106

8. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —WH-32108

9. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —WH-32109

10. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —WH-32111

11. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —WH-32112

12. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —WH-32113

13. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —WH-32115

14. University of Tennessee 

Memphis, Tennessee —WH-32118

15. Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island

Pawtucket, Rhode Island —WH-32119

16. State University of New York at Buffalo 

Buffalo, New York —WH-32122

17. University of California, Irvine

Irvine, California —WH-42107

18. George Washington University 

Washington, DC —WH-42108

19. Stanford University

Stanford, California —WH-42109

20. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —WH-42110

21. University of Texas 

Health Science Center 

San Antonio, Texas —WH-42111

22. Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —WH-42112

23. University of Nevada 

School of Medicine 

Reno, Nevada —WH-42113

24. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —WH-42114

25. State University of New York at

Stony Brook 

Stony Brook, New York —WH-42115

26. University of Massachusetts Medical

School 

Worcester, Massachusetts —WH-42116

27. University of North Carolina at

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —WH-42117

28. Wayne State University

Detroit, Michigan —WH-42118

29. Albert Einstein College of Medicine

New York, New York —WH-42119

30. Harbor-UCLA Research and Education

Institute

Torrance, California —WH-42120

31. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —WH-42121

32. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —WH-42122

33. Medlantic Research Institute 

Washington, DC —WH-42123

34. Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s 

Medical Center 

Chicago, Illinois —WH-42124

35. University of Cincinnati 

Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —WH-42126

36. University of Florida 

College of Medicine 

Gainesville, Florida —WH-42129

37. University of Hawaii at Manoa

Honolulu, Hawaii —WH-42130

38. University of Miami

Miami, Florida —WH-42131

39. University of Wisconsin 

Madison, Wisconsin —WH-42132

40. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —WH-44221

41. Albert Einstein College of Medicine

New York, New York —WH-74310

* This figure reflects funding for the clinical trials and observational studies only. From 1992 to 1998, major support was provided through the Office of 

the Director, NIH. The Community Prevention Study receives funding through an inter-Agency agreement with the CDC: $4,000,000 in FY 1999 and 

$12,000,000 from FY 1996–98.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

42. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —WH-74311

43. California Pacific Medical Center

San Francisco, California —WH-74312

44. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Seattle, Washington —WH-74313

45. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Seattle, Washington —WH-74314

46. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Seattle, Washington —WH-74315

47. The Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio —WH-74316

48. Tufts University

Boston, Massachusetts —WH-74317

49. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —WH-74318

50. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —WH-74319

51. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —WH-74320

52. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —WH-74321

Lung Diseases Program

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical 

Network (ARDSNet), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1994

The purpose of this network is to develop and conduct randomized controlled clinical trials to prevent, 

treat, and improve the outcome of patients with acute 

lung injury, ARDS, and other related critical illnesses.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$5,036,653

Fiscal Years 1994–2006—$58,311,705

Total Funding to Date—$63,348,358

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Baystate Medical Center

Springfield, Massachusetts —HR-56165

2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HR-56166

3. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —HR-56167

4. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of 

Medicine-Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-56168

5. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HR-56169

6. John Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-56170

7. LDS Hospital 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-56171

8. Louisiana State University

New Orleans, Louisiana —HR-56172

9. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HR-56173

10. Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Nashville, Tennessee —HR-56174

11. Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HR-56175

12. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester, Minnesota —HR-56176

13. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-56179

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), 

Phase II, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this network is to evaluate current 

and novel therapies and management strategies for adult 

asthma and to ensure that findings are rapidly disseminated to the medical community. Approximately 33 percent of the participants will be minorities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$8,917,879

Fiscal Years 2003–2006—$33,110,894

Total Funding to Date—$42,028,773

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. National Jewish Medical and Research

Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-074073

2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-074204

3. University of Texas Medical Branch

Galveston, Texas —HL-074206

4. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-074208

5. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-074212

6. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-074218

7. Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-074225

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074227

9. Pennsylvania State University

Hershey Medical Center

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-074231
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Childhood Asthma Research and Education 

(CARE) Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this clinical network is to evaluate 

current and novel therapies and management strategies 

for children with asthma. Emphasis is on clinical trials 

that help identify optimal therapy for children with different asthma phenotypes, genotypes, and ethnic backgrounds and children at different developmental stages. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$5,915,840

Fiscal Years 1999–2006—$42,837,293

Total Funding to Date—$48,753,133

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-064287

2. National Jewish Medical and

Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-064288

3. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-064295

4. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-064305

5. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-064307

6. Pennsylvania State University

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-064313

COPD Clinical Research Network, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this network is to investigate disease 

management approaches in patients with moderate-tosevere COPD and to ensure that the findings are rapidly 

disseminated to the medical community.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$6,836,458

Fiscal Years 2003–2006—$29,793,928

Total Funding to Date—$36,630,386

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Harbor-UCLA Research 

and Education Institute

Torrance, California —HL-074407

2. Temple University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-074408

3. Denver Health and Hospital Authority

Denver, Colorado —HL-074409

4. Minnesota Veterans Research Institute

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-074416

5. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-074418

6. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-074422

7. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-074424

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074428

9. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-074431

10. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-074439

11. University of Maryland

Baltimore Professional School

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-074441

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this network is to establish (1) six to 

seven clinical centers to design and perform multiple 

therapeutic trials for treatment of patients with newly 

diagnosed idiopatic pulmonary fibrosis and (2) a Data 

Coordinating Center for the network.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$7,216,255

Fiscal Years 2005–2006—$10,835,422

Total Funding to Date—$18,051,677

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-080274

2. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-080370

3. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-080371

4. Weill Medical College of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-080383

5. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-080411

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-080413

7. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-080509

8. Tulane University of Louisiana

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-080510
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

9. University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois —HL-080513

10. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-080543

11. National Jewish Medical and

Research Center

Denver Colorado —HL-080571

12. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-080685

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to determine the effectiveness and safety of long-term, home-administered 

oxygen therapy in patients with COPD. Approximately 

3,500 patients with moderate COPD will be enrolled to 

determine whether supplemental oxygen can improve 

their quality of life and extend their lifespan. Research 

findings will help Medicare decide whether to extend 

coverage for home oxygen treatment for patients with 

moderate disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$6,208,395

Total Funding to Date—$6,208,395

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-76183

2. Cleveland Clinic Foundation 

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-76184

3. Denver Health and Hospital Authority

Denver, Colorado —HR-76185

4. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HR-76186

5. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals

Portland, Oregon —HR-76187

6. Los Angeles Biomedical 

Institute/Harbor-UCLA

Los Angeles, California —HR-76188

7. The Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio —HR-76189

8. Temple University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-76190

9. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HR-76191

10. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-76192

11. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-76193

12. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-76194

13. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HR-76195

14. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HR-76196

15. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-76197

NICHD Cooperative Multicenter Neonatal 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this network is to investigate the 

safety and efficacy of treatment and management strategies to care for newborn infants, particularly those 

related to management of low-birth-weight infants. The 

objective of this program is to facilitate evaluation of the 

strategies by establishing a network of academic centers 

that, by rigorous patient evaluation using common protocols, can study the required numbers of patients and 

can provide answers more rapidly than individual centers acting alone.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$237,647

Fiscal Year 2006—$1,336,159

Total Funding to Date—$1,573,806

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HD-021364

2. University of Texas

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HD-021373

3. Wayne State University

Detroit, Michigan —HD-021385

4. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HD-027851

5. Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —HD-027853

6. Indiana University-Purdue University 

at Indianapolis

Indianapolis, Indiana —HD-027856

7. Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut —HD-027871

8. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HD-027880

9. Women and Infants Hospital 

Providence, Rhode Island —HD-027904

10. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HD-034216
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

11. University of California

San Diego, California —HD-040461 

12. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HD-040492

13. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center 

Dallas, Texas —HD-040689

14. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HD-053089

15. University of Iowa 

Iowa City, Iowa —HD-053109

16. New England Medical Center Hospitals

Boston, Massachusetts —HD-053119

17. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HD-053124 

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this network is to promote the 

efficient comparison of novel treatment methods and 

management strategies of potential benefit for children 

and adults undergoing blood or marrow transplantation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$6,708,880

Fiscal Years 2001–2006—$36,486,721

Total Funding to Date—$43,195,601

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Nebraska Medical Center

Omaha, Nebraska —HL-069233

2. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-069246

3. Dana Farber Cancer Institute

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-069249

4. National Childhood Cancer Foundation

Arcadia, California —HL-069254

5. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-069273

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069274

7. City of Hope Medical Center

Duarte, California —HL-069278

8. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-069286

9. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-069290

10. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-069291

11. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-069294

12. University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida —HL-069301

13. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-069310

14. Sloan Kettering Institute 

for Cancer Research

New York, New York —HL-069315

15. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-069330

16. University of Texas

M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Houston, Texas —HL-069334

17. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-069348

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial 

(BABY HUG), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this clinical trial is to determine 

if hydroxyurea therapy is effective in prevention of 

chronic end organ damage in pediatric patients with 

sickle cell anemia.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$3,966,000

Fiscal Years 2000–2006—$10,604,399

Total Funding to Date—$14,570,399

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Children’s Research Institute

Washington, DC —HB-07150

2. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HB-07151

3. Howard University

Washington, DC —HB-07152

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07153

5. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HB-07154

6. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee —HB-07155

7. The Research Foundation of SUNY

New York, New York —HB-07156

8. University of Miami

Miami, Florida —HB-07157

9. University of Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HB-07158
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

10. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HB-07159

11. Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07160

Sickle Cell Disease Clinical Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this clinical research network is to 

conduct Phase III randomized controlled clinical trials 

to test the efficacy and effectiveness of new therapies 

to treat and prevent complications of SCD, and when 

appropriate, thalassemia. In addition, the network is 

designed to create data sets that can be used to improve 

characterization of patients and their clinical course, 

apply genomic and proteomic techniques for improved 

diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and expand the 

clinical application of multimodal therapies in SCD.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$7,497,847

Fiscal Year 2006—$3,761,385

Total Funding to Date—$11,259,232

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-083698

2. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-083699

3. Children’s Hospital and Research Center

Oakland, California —HL-083704

4. Drexel University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-083705

5. New England Research Institutes, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-083721

6. University of Illinois at Chicago

Chicago, Illinois —HL-083730

7. Virginia Commonwealth University

Richmond, Virginia —HL-083732

8. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-083746

9. Howard University

Washington, DC —HL-083748

10. Boston Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-083771

Sildenafil for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated 

Pulmonary Hypertension, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

The purpose of this clinical trial is to evaluate the 

safety and efficacy of 18 weeks of therapy with sildenafil, a nitric oxide potentiator, in adult patients with SCD 

and pulmonary hypertension; exercise endurance and 

pulmonary artery pressure will be measured. Pulmonary 

hypertension occurs in up to 30 percent of SCD cases 

and is strongly associated with mortality in adults with 

SCD.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,801,174

Fiscal Year 2006—$1,867,000

Total Funding to Date—$4,668,174

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc. 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HB-67182

2. Imperial College of London

London, England —HB-67183

3. Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HB-67184

4. University of Colorado

Denver, Colorado —HB-67185

5. Children’s Hospital and Research Center

at Oakland

Oakland, California —HB-67186

6. University of Illinois at Chicago

Chicago, Illinois —HB-67187

7. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-67188

8. Howard University

Washington, DC —HB-67189

9. Albert Einstein College of Medicine

New York, New York —HB-67190

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this network is to accelerate research 

in the management of thalassemia, standardize existing 

treatments, and evaluate new ones in a network of clinical centers.
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$2,618,369

Fiscal Years 2000–2006—$16,787,170

Total Funding to Date—$19,405,539

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-065232

2. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HL-065233

3. New England Research Institute, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-065238

4. Children’s Hospital and Research

Center at Oakland

Oakland, California —HL-065239

5. Weill Medical College

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-065244

6. Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065260

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this network is to promote the efficient comparison of new management strategies for 

individuals with hemostatic disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and to evaluate new and existing blood 

products and cytokines for treatment of hematologic 

disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2007—$6,407,000

Fiscal Years 2002–2006—$31,128,254

Total Funding to Date—$37,535,254

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-072028

2. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-072033

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072072

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072191

5. Weill Medical College of 

Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-072196

6. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-072248

7. New England Research Institutes, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-072268

8. Tulane University of Louisiana

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-072274

9. University of Oklahoma 

Health Sciences Center

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-072283

10. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-072289

11. Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-072290

12. Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072291

13. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072299

14. Puget Sound Blood Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-072305

15. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-072331

16. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-072346

17. University of North Carolina at

Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-072355

18. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072359

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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activities

12. Minority Activities

Throughout its history, the NHLBI has been a 

leader in conducting and supporting research to eliminate health disparities that exist between various 

segments of the U.S. population. The Institute has 

not only initiated research projects with significant 

minority participation in order to compare health 

status between various populations, but also given 

high priority to programs that focus exclusively on 

minority health issues. 

Since FY 1991, the Institute has had procedures in 

place to ensure full compliance with the NIH Policy 

on Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in 

Clinical Research. As a result, all NHLBI-supported 

research that involves human subjects includes 

minorities, with the exception of a very few projects 

for which a compelling justification for limited 

diversity in the study population exists. Thus, all 

segments of the population, both minority and nonminority, stand to benefit from the Institute’s research 

programs.

It has long been a goal of the NHLBI to increase 

the number of individuals from underrepresented 

groups in biomedical and behavioral research. 

Selected FY 2007 activities addressing this goal 

include the following:

• Minority K–12 Initiative for Teachers and 

Students (MKITS): Supports research, 

development, and evaluation of innovative 

science training programs to provide minority 

students in grades K–12 with the exposure, 

skills, and knowledge that will encourage them 

to pursue advanced studies in biomedical and 

behavioral sciences.

• Historically Black College and University 

(HBCU) Research Scientist Award: Supports 

efforts by HBCUs to recruit an established 

research scientist in cardiovascular, lung, or 

blood health and disease; transfusion medicine; 

or sleep disorders.

• Sickle Cell Scholars Program: Supports career 

development of young or new investigators in 

SCD research.

• Summer for Sickle Cell Science Program: 

Supports research training and mentoring of 

individuals at the high school level as part of the 

Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers program.

• Clinical Research Education and Career Development in Minority Institutions: Encourages the 

development and implementation of curriculumdependent programs in minority institutions to 

train selected doctoral and postdoctoral candidates in clinical research leading to a Master of 

Science Degree in Clinical Research or Master 

of Public Health Degree in a clinically relevant 

area.

• Research Scientist Award for Minority Institutions: Strengthens the biomedical and behavioral research capabilities and resources of 

minority institutions by recruiting an established 

scientist with expertise in areas related to cardiovascular, lung, or blood health and disease; 

transfusion medicine; or sleep disorders.

• Minority Undergraduate Biomedical Education 

Program: Encourages development of pilot 

demonstration programs at minority 

undergraduate educational institutions to recruit 

and retain talented undergraduate students in the 

biomedical sciences.

• Summer Institute Program To Increase Diversity 

in Health-Related Research: Enables faculty 

and scientists from underrepresented racial and 

ethnic groups or with disabilities to advance 

their research skills and knowledge in basic and 

applied sciences relevant to heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders, so that they 

can compete for funding for scientific research 

in the biomedical and behavioral sciences.

The Office of Research Training and Minority 

Health (ORTMH) within the Office of the Director 

provides oversight for, and coordinates, supports, and 

evaluates Institute programs related to minority 

health outcomes, including research, research training and career development, public outreach, and 

translation of research findings. The ORTMH also 

coordinates activities to foster greater participation of 

underrepresented minorities in NHLBI research and 
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activities

research training and career development programs. 

Selected FY 2007 activities include the following:

• Issuing four training and career development RFAs 

to increase the number of highly trained minorities 

conducting biomedical and behavioral research. 

Additional targeted groups include individuals from 

disadvantaged backgrounds and individuals with 

disabilities.

• Participating in HHS-Endorsed Minority Organization Internship Programs by supporting positions in 

NHLBI extramural and intramural divisions for 

students from the National Association for Equal 

Opportunity in Higher Education, the Hispanic 

Association of Colleges and Universities, the 

Washington Internships for Native Students programs, and the Directors of Health Promotion and 

Education Internship Program/CDC.

• Cosponsoring with the NIH, the Cherokee Elementary School Project: Out of the Box, which is 

designed to create awareness and interest in the 

importance of science, medicine, and health; eliminate gaps in quality of health among minorities by 

encouraging health-related careers; and encourage 

children to take responsibility for their own health.

• Supporting the African American, Hispanic, and 

Native American Youth Initiatives to bring minority 

students to the NIH campus for scientific presentations, an introduction to NHLBI research training 

and career development programs, and a tour of 

NHLBI laboratories.

• Providing undergraduate students from the Tougaloo 

College Scholars program an opportunity to learn 

about the NIH, biomedical research, and research 

training opportunities at the NHLBI during a 3-day 

tour of the NIH.

• Serving as a Web site resource for recruitment of 

minority individuals into the Ruth L. Kirschstein 

Institutional National Research Service Award 

(T32).

• Increasing recruitment of individuals for the NHLBI 

intramural and extramural training programs by representing the Institute at five minority-focused 

research meetings to raise awareness of research and 

research training and career development opportunities available from the NHLBI.

• Coordinating the Biomedical Research Training 

Program for Individuals From Underrepresented 

Groups, which offers opportunities for underrepresented undergraduate, postbaccalaureate, and 

graduate students to receive training in fundamental 

biomedical sciences and clinical research as it 

relates to the etiology and treatment of heart, blood 

vessel, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders.

• Serving as the NHLBI contact for guidance to 

candidates applying for the NIH Pathway to 

Independence (PI) Award (K99/R00) and the 

NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22) for 

extramural programmatic issues.

See Chapter 13 for additional NHLBI-supported 

minority research training and career development 

programs.

The following text describes selected current projects 

that focus on minority populations and reflect the 

Institute’s research portfolio related to minority health. 

Additional information can be found in Chapters 9 

through 11.

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Risk Factors

Epidemiology

Long-term epidemiologic studies are critical to uncovering risk factors that lead to disease. The Institute has 

initiated several major studies of heart disease focused 

significantly or completely on minority populations.

• CARDIA (see Chapter 10): To determine the evolution of CHD risk factors and lifestyle characteristics 

in young adults that may influence development of 

risk factors prior to middle age; 50 percent of the 

participants are black.

• ARIC (see Chapter 10): To investigate the association of CHD risk factors with development of 

atherosclerosis and CVD in an adult population; 

30 percent of the participants are black.

• CHS (see Chapter 10): To examine risk factors for 

CHD and stroke in the elderly; 16 percent of the 

participants are black.

• Strong Heart Study (see Chapter 9): To compare 

risk factor levels and morbidity and mortality from 

CVD among American Indians from three different 

geographic locations.

• JHS (see Chapter 10): To identify environmental 

and genetic factors influencing evolution and progression of CVD in blacks.
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• MESA (see Chapter 10): To examine the characteristics of subclinical CVD that predict progression to 

clinically overt CVD and related risk factors that 

predict subclinical disease in blacks, whites, 

Hispanics, and Asians; 62 percent of the participants 

are minorities.

• GOCADAN (see Chapter 9): To document CVD 

risk factors and measures of subclinical disease and 

to identify and characterize genes that contribute to 

CVD in approximately 40 extended Alaska Native 

families.

• HCHS (see Chapter 10): To identify risk factors for 

cardiovascular and lung disease in Hispanic populations in the United States and determine the role of 

acculturation in their prevalence and development.

The Institute supports components of the NHANES 

that track the prevalence of disease and risk factors for 

cardiovascular and lung diseases in the U.S. population, 

including Hispanics and blacks (non-Hispanic).

Several investigator-initiated epidemiologic studies 

are examining gene–environment interactions that 

increase CVD risk factors among various racial groups. 

Included among them are studies that compare gene–

environment interactions in black populations in Africa, 

the Caribbean, and selected areas of the United States; 

determine the genes responsible for the metabolic syndrome, a risk factor for CVD, in 10,000 Chinese sibling 

pairs; determine the genes responsible for CVD risk factor response to dietary fat changes in blacks; investigate 

genes influencing changes in blood pressure in response 

to high- and low-salt diets in a rural Chinese population; 

and identify and map specific genes that contribute to 

CVD risk in Mexican Americans.

Scientific evidence is emerging that implicates cellular 

and inflammatory processes in the development and 

characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque and the clinical 

course of CVD. One study seeks to identify cellular, 

metabolic, and genomic correlates of atherosclerotic 

plaque characteristics and early changes in the vascular 

wall in a subset of the ARIC cohort; one-third of participants are black. Another study is elucidating the links 

between socioeconomic factors, stress, inflammation and 

hemostasis, and cardiovascular risk in a large and diverse 

population.

Several drugs in four widely used classes of noncardiovascular medications (fluoroquinolone and 

macrolide antibiotics, antipsychotics, and antidepressants) have been shown to be proarrhythmic and thus 

increase the risk of sudden cardiac death. Investigators 

are conducting a study, using a large and comprehensive 

dataset of about 800,000 persons, 40 percent of whom 

are black, to understand the role of these medications on 

the risk of sudden cardiac death. Research findings are 

expected to provide information that will enable clinicians to prescribe these widely used medications in a 

way that minimizes the risk of sudden cardiac death.

Ancillary studies to MESA are investigating subclinical CVD in ethnic minority groups. They include 

investigations of regional left ventricular function, progression of calcification in the aorta, abnormalities in the 

small vessels of the retina, association of air pollution 

and subclinical CVD, lung function in relation to 

endothelial dysfunction and biomarkers, identification of 

genes for subclinical CVD, and relationships of sociodemographic factors and other factors to subclinical 

CVD.

The Institute is supporting additional epidemiologic 

investigations that include a study of Chagas’ disease—

a leading cause of heart disease throughout Latin 

America—to identify genetic determinants of susceptibility to infection and differential disease pathogenesis in 

a black population residing in rural Brazil; a project to 

use pooled data from nine existing U.S. studies to compare between blacks and whites, CHD incidence and 

mortality rates, exposure–outcome relationship, patterns 

of comorbidity, and population attributable risk; and a 

study to evaluate and compare the extent of atherosclerosis and risk factors for CHD in three different populations: U.S. (75 percent white and 25 percent black), 

Japanese Americans in Hawaii, and Japanese in Japan.

Treatment and Prevention

Low-dose aspirin is cost effective and efficacious for 

the prevention and treatment of CHD. However, some 

individuals, perhaps because of individual genetic variations, do not respond to the treatment. A genetic study 

in high-risk siblings of patients with premature CHD, 

along with their adult offspring, is seeking to determine 

whether low-dose aspirin responsiveness is heritable and 

whether it is associated with specific variations in candidate genes or defined haplotypes; 50 percent of the participants are black.
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Many evidence-based guidelines for treatment of risk 

factors or disease have been developed, but they are 

often not adhered to by patients—especially minority 

populations—or adopted in routine clinical practice. The 

Institute has initiated the following activities to address 

this important problem:

• Trials Assessing Innovative Strategies To Improve 

Clinical Practice Through Guidelines in Heart, 

Lung, and Blood Diseases: To identify obstacles to 

implementing national evidence-based guidelines 

and test interventions to promote their use in clinical 

practice. One project is a collaborative effort 

between a major academic center and minorityserving county medical center to test the efficacy 

and cost-effectiveness of a case-management 

program relative to usual care in coronary risk 

reduction in socioeconomically disadvantaged 

patients at increased risk of cardiovascular events; 

63 percent of participants are Hispanics, many with 

low fluency in English.

• Overcoming Barriers to Treatment Adherence in 

Minorities and Persons Living in Poverty: To 

overcome barriers to treatment adherence for 

lifestyle changes and pharmacologic therapy in 

minorities and persons living in poverty.

Although great progress has been achieved in reducing CVD morbidity and mortality in the United States 

over the past 40 years, minorities have not shared fully in 

the progress and continue to have higher CVD morbidity. 

To address this problem, the Institute has initiated programs directed at reducing cardiovascular health 

disparities:

• Partnership Programs To Reduce Cardiovascular 

Disparities: To expand the capacity of research 

institutions to reduce health disparities, encourage 

more researchers to focus on minority health, and 

improve minority acceptance and community willingness to participate in research by pairing 

research-intensive medical centers that have a track 

record of NIH-supported research and patient care 

with minority health care serving institutions that 

lack a strong research program. Researchers are 

examining the complex biological, behavioral, and 

societal factors that result in cardiovascular health 

disparities in their target populations (e.g., blacks, 

Hispanics, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders).

• Cultural Competence and Health Disparities 

Academic Award: To enhance the ability of select 

physicians and other health care professionals to 

address, in a culturally sensitive manner, disparities 

in the occurrence, management, and outcomes of 

cardiovascular, pulmonary, hematological, and sleep 

disorders among various populations in the United 

States. The award addresses ethnic, cultural, 

religious, socioeconomic, linguistic, and other 

factors that contribute to health disparities and seeks 

culturally competent approaches to mitigating them.

• Community-Responsive Interventions To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in American Indians and 

Alaska Natives: To test the effectiveness of culturally appropriate behavioral interventions that 

promote adoption of healthy lifestyles related to 

heart disease and stroke risk, including healthy diet, 

regular physical activity, smoking cessation, and 

stress management in American Indians and Alaska 

Natives.

Education

The NHLBI, through its education programs, 

disseminates health information to physicians, health 

care professionals, patients, and the public on ways to 

prevent or treat diseases within the Institute’s mandate. 

It has developed the following community-based 

programs to combat cardiovascular health disparities 

among four major cultural/ethnic groups: blacks, 

Hispanics, American Indians and Alaska Natives, and 

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders.

• Public Health in Public Housing: Improving Health, 

Changing Lives: To disseminate information about 

improving cardiovascular health by adopting heart 

healthy lifestyles to populations residing in public 

housing.

• NHLBI-Health Resources and Services Administration Bureau of Primary Care Partnership: To 

integrate clinical care management teams and 

trained community health educators to implement 

pilot programs for blacks, Latinos, and Asian and 

Pacific Islanders who are at high risk for CVD.

• Salud para su Corazón: To disseminate information 

on CVD prevention, intervention, and treatment and 

promote heart healthy behaviors in Hispanic communities through lay health educators (promotores 

model).

• NHLBI-Pan American Health Organization/WHO 

Partnership to Promote Cardiovascular Health in 

the Americas: To develop and evaluate communitybased interventions to prevent and control CVD risk 
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factors among low-resource communities in 

Argentina, Chile, and Guatemala using lay health 

workers (promotores de salud). Research results 

will be shared with country health authorities and 

the members of the CARMEN network: an Initiative for Integrated Prevention of Noncommunicable 

Diseases in the Americas.

• Honoring the Gift of Heart Health: To develop and 

evaluate community-based interventions to prevent 

and control CVD risk factors through education and 

outreach using tribal community health workers and 

community health educators. 

• NHLBI Asian American and Pacific Islanders Heart 

Health Outreach Project: To develop culturally and 

linguistically appropriate outreach activities and 

information to increase community awareness of 

heart disease and its associated risk factors and to 

promote heart healthy lifestyles among a diverse 

Asian American and Pacific Islander population.

In addition to the activities mentioned above, the 

Institute has prepared publications on CVD prevention 

for minority populations. They include the following:

• On the Move to Better Heart Health for African 

Americans

• Your Heart is Golden: Heart Health Promotion 

Activities for Vietnamese Communities

• Healthy Homes, Healthy Hearts Series—Six easyto-read English and Spanish booklets on heart 

healthy living.

• Bringing Heart Health to Latinos: A Guide for 

Building Community Programs

• Your Heart, Your Life: A Health Educator’s Manual 

for the Latino Community

• Filipinos Aspire for Healthy Hearts in Tagalog and 

English

• Filipinos Take It to Heart: A How-To Guide for 

Bringing Heart Health to Your Community

• Vietnamese Aspire for Healthy Hearts in Vietnamese 

and English

• Honoring the Gift of Heart Health: A Heart Health 

Educator’s Manual directed to American Indians 

and Alaska Natives.

The educational materials listed throughout this chapter can be obtained from the NHLBI public Web site or 

through the NHLBI online catalog.

Arrhythmias

The NHLBI is supporting basic and genetic research 

on the mechanisms that underlie cardiac arrhythmias to 

improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of arrhythmias in all ethnic and racial groups in the United States. 

In one study examining common genetic variants that 

underlie variability in heart rate and rhythm, researchers 

have found significant ethnic and racial differences in the 

occurrence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) 

associated with mutations in the same ion channel genes 

that cause inherited and acquired long QT syndrome (a 

rhythm disturbance that can be lethal). This finding, 

which helps to explain why SIDS occurs among blacks 

and Native Americans at three times its rate among 

whites and six times its rate among Hispanics and 

Asians, may lead to prospective genetic testing for SIDS 

and permit counseling for at-risk families.

Another study identified an association between variations in certain receptors that are activated during sympathetic nervous system stimulation and an increased risk 

of sudden cardiac death, most often due to ventricular 

arrhythmia. Although no significant differences were 

found between blacks and whites in associated risk of 

sudden cardiac death, continued research in this area is 

expected to advance understanding of differences in 

genetic predisposition for cardiac arrhythmias among 

ethnic and racial groups and ultimately lead to improved 

therapy.

Heart Failure

Heart failure (heart muscle dysfunction) affects about 

5 million Americans of all ethnicities and is a growing 

public health concern. It is frequently the end result of 

other conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and 

prior heart attacks. 

The NHLBI is supporting basic and clinical research 

associated with heart failure that will benefit Americans 

of all ethnicities. One project focuses on Native 

Hawaiians and the other has a minority component:

• Heart Failure Disparities in Native Hawaiians: To 

characterize ethnic differences in patients hospitalized for heart failure, determine whether a culturally 

competent educational program can reduce hospitalizations, and compare the effectiveness of early 

diagnosis in high-risk patients by using communitybased portable echocardiography to hospital-based 
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echocardiography performed by professional 

sonographers. The project is within the Partnership 

Programs To Reduce Cardiovascular Disparities 

Initiative (see page 138).

• Heart Failure Clinical Research Network (see Chapter 9): To develop, coordinate, and conduct multiple 

collaborative proof-of-concept clinical protocols to 

improve heart failure outcomes. In 2007, the Institute expanded the Network to include a historically 

black medical center with minority investigators and 

access to a high-risk, underserved population. 

Other research targeting minority populations includes 

an investigation of genetic variations (especially those 

common in blacks) that affect individual responses to the 

beta blocker drugs used to treat heart failure and identification of underlying genetic variations that result in 

familial dilated cardiomyopathy, an inherited form of 

heart dysfunction; five black families are participating. 

Another study is focusing on angioedema or severe 

allergic reaction, a life-threatening side effect of ACEinhibitor drugs that is more common in blacks than in 

whites. Investigators are determining the mechanisms 

that cause the side effect and studying the genetic profile 

of affected individuals and their families to determine 

who should avoid taking the drugs.

High Blood Pressure

Etiology and Pathophysiology

High blood pressure is a serious health problem that is 

especially prevalent and severe among minorities. An 

Institute-initiated study is seeking to determine the etiology and pathophysiology of high blood pressure:

• Family Blood Pressure Program (see Chapter 9): 

To use a network of investigators to identify genes 

associated with high blood pressure and to examine 

interactions between genetic and environmental 

determinants of hypertension in specific minority 

populations: Asians, blacks, and Mexican 

Americans.

The NHLBI supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies to identify genes linked to hypertension 

in blacks, Mexican Americans, and whites to determine 

if part of the disparity in prevalence can be attributed to 

genetic differences among the groups. Genes under 

investigation include those associated with the reninangiotensin system, the autonomic nervous system, and 

sodium transport.

The Institute supports a number of projects to examine 

antecedents of hypertension in children to determine 

racial differences in blood pressure regulation. One 

study is determining relationships between cardiovascular reactivity in adolescent normotensive blacks and 

development of pathobiologic markers of hypertension 

risk (i.e., increased resting blood pressure, left ventricular 

mass, and relative wall thickness) later in life. Another is 

investigating the genetics of cardiovascular reactivity following stress in black youth.

Researchers also are examining the influence of SES 

and ethnic discrimination on stress reactivity to determine if it provides a pathophysiologic link to CVD in 

blacks. One group is examining the combined influence 

of low SES and ethnicity on development of behavioral 

risk factors (i.e., hostility, anxiety, and heightened cardiovascular reactivity to stress) in a group of adolescents; 

50 percent of them are black. Another group is assessing 

the relationship between early life exposure to socioeconomic stressors—such as adverse socioeconomic 

conditions, low levels of social integration, and racial 

discrimination—and development of hypertension in 

blacks.

Investigators have observed that blacks have an exaggerated blood pressure response to salt. A study to 

improve understanding of the genetic basis and phenotypic characterization of salt-sensitive hypertension in 

blacks has located a specific region of the kidney where 

sodium is reabsorbed more extensively in blacks than in 

whites. New data from the study show genetic evidence 

for a more active reabsorption of sodium in this region.

Impaired sodium regulation also appears to be linked 

to the development of hypertension. In a twin study consisting of 41 percent blacks, scientists are investigating 

sodium retention as a mechanism augmenting systemic 

vascular resistance and changes in vascular function, 

ventricular structure, and blood pressure. In another 

study, scientists are investigating the effects of stress on 

salt retention and measuring hormonal variables known 

to influence sodium regulation. 

A third study is seeking to determine whether the 

mechanisms regulating sodium retention differ between 

blacks and whites. Researchers found that black youths 

have a slower salt excretion rate in response to stress 

than white youths. New data suggest that obesity may 

contribute to the racial differences in response to 

stress. A study among blacks living in three different 
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environments (Nigeria, Jamaica, and Chicago) is 

examining the role of sodium and obesity in hypertension 

development. 

The role of dietary factors, particularly macronutrients, in the etiology of high blood pressure is another 

area of investigation. Scientists are conducting epidemiologic studies among participants with diverse ethnicity, 

SES, and dietary habits in four countries to determine the 

impact of selected dietary components (proteins, lipids, 

carbohydrates, amino acids, calcium, magnesium, 

sodium, potassium, antioxidants, fiber, and caffeine) on 

blood pressure. Another study is seeking to identify the 

link between healthy diet, genetic factors, and their 

underlying biological mechanisms.

Treatment and Prevention

Identifying effective treatment strategies for various 

populations requires large scale studies with representative populations in sufficient numbers.

• Ancillary Pharmacogenetic Studies in Heart, Lung, 

and Blood Diseases and Sleep Disorders: To 

conduct pharmacogenetic studies in ongoing or 

completed clinical trials/studies related to heart, 

lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders to 

examine genetic influences on interindividual 

differences in prescription drug response. 

Understanding the genetic influences may permit 

improved medication choice and dosing in 

individuals and help avoid either serious adverse 

response or poor response to therapy. Three of the 

studies focus on antihypertensive drugs and include 

50 to 58 percent blacks.

An investigator-initiated ancillary study to ALLHAT, 

the largest hypertension clinical trial conducted by the 

NHLBI, is evaluating the pharmacogenetic response to 

antihypertensive treatment and long-term clinical complications in blacks, whites, and Hispanics. Scientists are 

seeking to determine whether pharmacogenetics is a feasible approach to personalized therapy for hypertension.

Although it is well known that reducing hypertension 

will reduce CVD rates, the implementation of evidencebased guidelines for hypertension treatment in clinical 

practice is disappointing. To address this issue, the 

NHLBI initiated a program to improve hypertension control rates in blacks, a group with the highest prevalence 

and earliest onset of hypertension and with disparately 

high premature cardiovascular mortality and morbidity:

• Interventions To Improve Hypertension Control 

Rates in African Americans: To evaluate the feasibility of clinical interventions directed at the medical care delivery system to increase the proportion 

of blacks who have their blood pressure controlled 

to levels specified by the JNC VII guidelines. 

Nearly 3,900 black patients are being enrolled in 

community-based projects to evaluate interventions 

such as pharmacy- and visiting nurses associationbased approaches, telemanagement, and patient and 

physician education.

The Institute also supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies to prevent hypertension and improve 

blood pressure control in ethnic and racial minorities. 

Interventions target both lay and medical communities. 

Strategies being tested include communication skill 

enhancement, organizational change, educational 

programs, lifestyle and nutritional counseling, use of 

technology, case management, pharmacy-based interventions, and provision of care by community health 

workers and other non-traditional providers.

Anger and hostility have been demonstrated as risk 

factors for hypertension. Scientists are evaluating an 

anger management intervention in a hospital setting to 

determine whether it will improve blood pressure and 

alleviate psychosocial risk factors (e.g., reduce depression); 46 percent of the participants are black.

Understanding racial differences in blood pressure 

control is an area of major interest for the Institute. 

Scientists are examining whether variations in genes of 

the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system predict differences in blood pressure response to diuretic therapy 

among hypertensive blacks and whites. Research also is 

being focused on variations in the ACE gene between 

blacks and whites to explain racial differences in the 

antihypertensive responsiveness to ACE inhibitors.

Education

The NHLBI has developed a number of outreach 

activities to inform minority populations of the importance of blood pressure control. Included among them 

are a toll-free number that provides materials on hypertension in English or Spanish; mini telenovelas (Más 

vale prevenir que lamentar), “health moments” to reinforce CVD prevention for local Spanish-language television stations; a Spanish version of the High Blood 

Pressure Education Month Kit; and several publications 
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for health professionals, patients, and the public. Below 

are some examples:

• Plan de Alimentación Saludable Contra la 

Hipertensión: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta Siguiendo el Plan de Alimentación 

Conocida Como DASH (DASH to the Diet: Prevent 

and Control High Blood Pressure Following the 

DASH Eating Plan)

• Sí se Puede: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta: Lo Que Usted Debe Saber Sobre la 

Preventión y Control de la Presión Arterial Alta

(Prevent and Control High Blood Pressure: What 

You Should Know)

• Sí se Puede: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta. Lo Que los Médicos Deben Saber 

(Prevent and Control High Blood Pressure. What 

Every Physician Should Know)

• Keep the Beat: Control Your High Blood Pressure 

in English and Spanish

• Churches as an Avenue to High Blood Pressure 

Control

• Working With Religious Congregations: A Guide 

for Health Professionals

• Keep Your Heart in Check—Know Your Blood Pressure Number in Tagalog and English and in Vietnamese and English

• Prevent and Control High Blood Pressure: Mission 

Possible.

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee Activities

Member organizations of the NHBPEP coordinating 

committee have continuing education programs on the 

prevention and treatment of hypertension that are 

focused on their minority members. They are also 

involved with outside activities that include designing 

public health interventions to address excessive stroke 

mortality in the Southeastern United States; publishing 

reports about best treatment practices to control hypertension; conducting demonstration projects at the work 

site and in urban and rural settings; developing reports 

and intervention programs regarding hypertension among 

special populations or situations (e.g., blacks, hypertensive patients with renal disease or diabetes, children, and 

older Americans); and promoting population strategies 

for the primary prevention of hypertension.

High Serum Cholesterol

Etiology

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated projects to identify genes that influence the 

lipoprotein profile within various racial and ethnic 

groups. Research findings could offer an explanation for 

differences in susceptibility to CHD found among 

various racial and ethnic groups.

Variation in hepatic lipase activity is associated with 

differences in plasma concentrations of HDL and LDL 

synthesis and catabolism. Researchers are investigating 

whether ethnic differences in hepatic lipase activity are 

responsible for the well-known differences in plasma 

HDL concentrations found in blacks and whites. Genetic 

studies are being conducted on a population that is 

39 percent black.

Prevention

The NHLBI is supporting an investigator-initiated 

study among minority preschool children to track the 

long-term effectiveness of nutrition interventions on diet 

and blood cholesterol levels. Additional potential risk 

factors such as increased blood pressure, obesity, and 

intention to smoke, will also be monitored.

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on blood cholesterol for minority audiences.

• Do You Know Your Cholesterol Levels? in English 

and Spanish 

• Heart-Healthy Home Cooking African American 

Style

• Delicious Heart-Healthy Latino Recipes

• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Treat 

Your Heart to a Healthy Celebration!

• Serve Up a Healthy Life—Give the Gift of Good 

Nutrition in Tagalog and English and in Vietnamese 

and English.

Obesity

Etiology

Recent NHANES data show a continued rise in the 

proportion of Americans who are overweight; black 

women are especially at risk. Results from the NHLBI 

Growth and Health Study (NGHS) that examined the 
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 Chapter 12. Minority Activities 

development of obesity and CVD risk factors in a biracial cohort of young girls found black girls consumed 

more calories and a higher percentage of calories from 

fat and watched more television than white girls. An 

investigator-initiated study using the NGHS cohort, starting at ages 18 to 19 years, is examining the changes in 

cardiac output and total peripheral resistance, which 

occur with developing obesity, and their influence on 

ethnic difference in blood pressure regulation. Another 

project, using data from the NGHS, is examining CHD 

risk factors in black and white girls to identify genes 

involved in black–white differences in lipid metabolism 

and obesity.

 Black women have been shown to manifest lower 

resting energy expenditure than white women. Scientists 

seeking to improve our understanding of ethnicity, 

genetics, energy metabolism, and obesity development 

will examine the relationship between two genes 

implicated in energy metabolism and resting energy 

expenditure in high-risk blacks.

 Menopause-related coronary risk was previously 

believed to be associated with a gain in total body fat. 

Research, however, suggests that the location of the 

fat, not the total fat per se, is the key risk factor. An 

investigator-initiated study is seeking to determine if 

indices of central adiposity, particularly intra-abdominal 

fat, predict coronary events better than indices of total 

fat. The study is also examining the role of central 

adiposity with altered glucose and lipid metabolism and 

elevated blood pressure; 48 percent of the participants 

are black.

 Treatment and Prevention

 The NHLBI has initiated several programs to test 

approaches for treating or preventing obesity.

 • GEMS (see Chapter 9): To test the effectiveness of 

weight-control interventions (diet, physical activity, 

and psychosocial and familial infl uences) administered during the critical transitions from prepuberty 

to puberty in black girls at high risk for obesity.

 • Overweight and Obesity Control at Worksites: To 

test innovative interventions that emphasize environmental approaches or the combination of environmental and individual approaches at worksites to 

prevent or treat obesity in adults. Environmental 

strategies include programs, policies, or organizational practices (e.g., increasing the availability of, 

and providing access to, healthful food choices and 

facilities for physical activity, and creating a socially 

supportive climate to infl uence healthy behaviors). 

Targeted groups for some projects include individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups.

 • POUNDS LOST (see Chapter 9): To evaluate the 

effectiveness of four diets differing in macronutrient 

composition to promote and sustain weight loss in 

overweight and obese individuals; approximately 

25 percent of the participants will be black.

 • WLM (see Chapter 9): To determine the 

effectiveness of continuous patient contact on 

weight loss maintenance in adults who recently lost 

weight; 40 percent of the patients are black.

 The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies on the effectiveness of obesity 

prevention and control interventions among diverse 

popula tions. One study is testing the effectiveness of 

weight-control interventions (involving diet, physical 

activity, and psychosocial and familial influences) 

administered during the critical transition period from 

prepuberty to puberty in black girls at high risk for 

obesity. Two studies are evaluating the effectiveness of 

weight control programs to prevent weight gain in a 

predominately black population that has recently completed a smoking cessation program. The blood pressure 

status of the participants, who are prehypertensive or 

hypertensive at the beginning of the studies, are being 

monitored.

 Hispanic parents and children are participating in a 

program that targets physical activity and dietary behaviors in a microenvironment (i.e., home environment) and 

in a macroenvironment (i.e., apartment complex, schools, 

grocery stores, parks, and restaurants). Community 

health workers (promotoras) are working with the families and the community to increase awareness and promote environmental change. Preadolescent black girls 

are the subject of a study to test the efficacy of an afterschool dance program and a family-based intervention 

involving reduced use of television, videotapes, and 

video games to reduce weight gain.

 Obesity is one of the major health challenges facing 

Native American children and has serious implications 

for the development of type 2 diabetes. A school-based 

intervention, augmented with a family intervention, is 

focusing on reducing excess weight gain by increasing 
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physical activity and healthy dietary practices in kindergarten and first-grade Native American children. A project with a subject population consisting of Asians, 

Hispanics, and whites is testing an integrated schooland community-based intervention involving physical 

activity and diet to reduce the prevalence of obesity.

Blacks at high risk of CVD often have limited success 

in weight loss and lifestyle change programs. A study 

was initiated to examine the role of social support, particularly from family members and friends, to facilitate 

weight loss and related dietary and physical activity 

changes in blacks.

Education

The NHLBI has prepared health information on losing 

excess weight for minorities.

• Do You Need To Lose Weight? in English and 

Spanish

• Embrace Your Health! Lose Weight if You Are 

Overweight.

Physical Inactivity

The Institute has initiated research on the effectiveness 

of an intervention program to encourage greater physical 

activity among adolescent girls.

• TAAG (see Chapter 11): To test the effectiveness of 

school–community-linked interventions to reduce 

the decline in physical activity among adolescent 

girls, from grades 6 to 8. An estimated 5,000 girls, 

approximately 50 percent minority, from 36 schools 

are participating.

An ancillary study to TAAG is investigating the influence of community characteristics (e.g., street design, 

access to public transportation and facilities for physical 

activity, population mix, and socioeconomic mix of the 

neighborhood) on physical activity levels and body mass 

index; approximately 50 percent of the girls are minority. 

A school-based study is evaluating the effects of vigorous exercise programs on decreasing the accretion of 

general and visceral adiposity in black girls. Two other 

studies are seeking to determine the factors that lead to 

decline in physical activity in adolescent girls. They 

include the effects of previous exposure to physical 

activity intervention, race and ethnicity, weight, psychosocial influences, and the environment.

Physical inactivity among children is often attributed 

to the lack of open space, lack of recreational equipment, 

and fear by parents for the safety of children playing outdoors. A study is being conducted to determine if an 

intervention that changes these neighborhood features in 

a low-income, inner-city neighborhood will increase 

physical activity in children. 

Scientists have observed an age-related decline in 

aerobic capacity, but have not been able to discern the 

effects of physical activity, body fat, and genetic 

variation on its rate of change. They also have little 

understanding about how the rate of change in aerobic 

capacity during early and middle adulthood affects the 

development of CVD. An ancillary, investigator-initiated 

study being conducted in conjunction with the Year 20 

CARDIA examination is addressing these issues. Data 

from this study should increase understanding of the 

interrelationships of cardiorespiratory fitness, body 

composition, and CVD-related risk factors and 

endpoints, and may provide the basis for more extensive 

evidence-based recommendations on the role of fitness in 

cardiovascular health; 45 percent of the participants are 

black.

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

for minorities on the importance of physical activity and 

ways to become more physically active.

• Energize Yourself! Stay Physically Active

• Sí se Puede: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta con Actividad Física (Move To Prevent 

and Control High Blood Pressure With Physical 

Activity)

• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Be 

Active for Your Heart!

• Be Active for a Healthy Heart in Tagalog and 

English

• Be Active for a Healthier Heart in Vietnamese and 

English.

The Institute has also developed a Web-based application on physical activity for lay health educators in 

English and Spanish, which can be found at 

http://hin.nhlbi.nih.gov/salud/pa/index.htm.
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Smoking

Smoking among minorities has increased significantly 

compared with whites. To determine the causes of the 

increase, the Institute is supporting an investigatorinitiated study in a predominately minority population to 

examine factors that prompt them to initiate smoking. 

In addition, the study seeks to identify predictors of 

cessation.

The Institute is also supporting a number of studies of 

smoking intervention and follow-up cessation maintenance that specifically target minorities. Two studies are 

evaluating the effectiveness of smoking cessation programs for smokers who seek treatment at the hospital 

emergency department. One study involves patients 

who suffer from acute respiratory illness; approximately 

35 percent of the participants are minorities. The other 

targets Chinese American patients hospitalized with 

CVD, pulmonary disease, or diabetes mellitus. A third 

study is seeking to determine if the addition of a physical 

activity intervention improves smoking cessation; 

45 percent of the participants are black.

Two types of pharmacologic therapies (nicotine 

replacement therapy and sustained-release bupropion) 

have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug 

Administration for smoking cessation. Scientists are 

comparing the ability of each drug alone or in combination to increase initial and long-term smoking cessation 

rates in young low-income and minority smokers. 

Another study is evaluating the efficacy of a weight loss 

drug intervention to prevent weight gain in obese individuals participating in a smoking cessation program; 

44 percent of the participants are black.

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on smoking cessation for minorities.

• Enjoy Living Smoke Free in English and Spanish

• Refresh Yourself! Stop Smoking

• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Help 

Your Heart

• Don’t Burn Your Life Away—Be Good to Your Heart

in Tagalog and English and in Vietnamese and 

English.

Psychosocial Factors

Major depression is a risk factor in the development of 

ischemic heart disease and for death after an acute MI. 

Investigator-initiated research is seeking to determine the 

pathways that link depression to physiological mechanisms in post-MI patients. One study is examining the 

link between the severity of depressive symptoms to the 

inflammatory process implicated in atherogenesis by 

focusing on the basal expression of cytokines and cell 

adhesion molecules on blood monocytes. Another is 

focused on the autonomic nervous system and its link to 

depression. A third study is investigating the role of 

platelets, platelet aggregation, and adhesion in patients 

with major depression. Approximately 30 percent of the 

participants in the studies are black.

The NHLBI is interested in the effect of depression, 

anxiety, and lack of social support on prognosis after a 

CHD event. An investigator-initiated study is examining 

the efficacy of individual and group therapy in post-MI 

patients who are socially isolated or clinically depressed. 

Scientists will be measuring biological risk factors (e.g., 

lipids, adiposity, coagulation factors) and possible subclinical markers of disease (e.g., carotid intimal-medial 

thickness, coronary calcification); 34 percent of the participants are black.

The Institute supports investigator-initiated research 

on the role of race and ethnicity, psychosocial and environmental factors, and low SES in the development of 

CHD. Scientists are investigating the contribution of 

biobehavioral factors (hostility, anxiety, and heightened 

cardiovascular reactivity to stress) in the etiology, pathogenesis, and course of CHD. Racial differences in stressinduced physiologic responses also are being examined. 

Other investigators are focused on the relationships of 

psychosocial stress, sleep disordered breathing, and nocturnal physiological measures with emerging risk factors 

and subclinical CVD; 50 percent of the participants are 

black.

Investigators are interested in the effects of race and 

psychosocial factors, such as hostility, on glucose metabolism. A study was initiated to determine how hostility is 

differentially related to glucose metabolism in blacks and 

whites. Research findings may increase understanding of 

the differences in the etiology of diabetes in the two 

groups.
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Additional areas of interest include the genetic basis of 

aggression and the relationships between risk-promoting 

variables (psychosocial stress, smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity), presumed mediating variables (sympathetic nervous system activity and insulin metabolism), 

and CHD risk factors; 50–60 percent of the participants 

are black or Hispanic.

Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a strong risk factor for CVD. Its 

prevalence is increasing due to the significant increase of 

obesity and physical inactivity in the population, especially among blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians. 

To address this growing problem, the Institute is supporting an investigator-initiated study on defining the relationship between the overall dose of endurance exercise 

training and the corresponding response of metabolic risk 

factors in an overweight and obese biracial female population. Another study will determine if adolescents with 

type 2 diabetes have a high risk of developing clinical 

CVD in their late 20s or 30s. Scientists are using noninvasive imaging techniques for detecting subclinical 

atherosclerosis to measure CVD development in a 

predominantly black population.

Hypertension and diabetes are major contributors to 

CVD and occur disproportionately in blacks. In particular, black women seem to have earlier disease onset and 

poorer outcomes. Scientists are investigating the link 

between hypertension and type 2 diabetes and the relative excess of androgen found in black women to determine whether insulin resistance, excess androgen, and 

endothelial dysfunction contribute to accelerated vascular 

injury in blacks.

Treatment

The NHLBI supports clinical trials to determine the 

benefits of various strategies to reduce CVD among 

patients with diabetes or treat patients with coronary 

artery disease and diabetes.

• ACCORD (see Chapter 11): To evaluate the 

benefits of different therapies to reduce CVD in 

type 2 diabetes; more than 33 percent of the 

participants are minorities.

• BARI 2D (see Chapter 9): To evaluate whether 

urgent revascularization offers an advantage over 

medical therapy in patients with coronary artery 

disease and diabetes. In addition, for a given level 

of glycemic control, to determine whether insulinproviding drugs offer advantages or risks compared 

to insulin sensitizers (drugs that enhance insulin 

action); 33 percent of the participants are from 

minority populations.

• SANDS (see Chapter 9): To compare intensive 

treatment (pharmacologic agents, such as ACE 

inhibitors and simvastatin for high blood pressure 

and LDL cholesterol) to conventional treatment in 

488 American Indians with diabetes, ages 40 years 

or older. The primary outcome measure is change in 

carotid intimal-medial thickness.

An investigator-initiated study will evaluate the 

effectiveness of a multiple risk factor intervention 

(diet, exercise, stress management, social support, and 

smoking cessation) targeting postmenopausal Hispanic 

women with type 2 diabetes. 

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on diabetes for minorities: 

• Protect Your Heart Against Diabetes in English and 

Spanish.

Women’s Health Initiative

Coronary heart disease, cancer, and osteoporosis are 

the most common causes of death, disability, and 

impaired quality of life in postmenopausal women. The 

WHI (see Chapter 11) is addressing the benefits and risks 

of hormone therapy, changes in dietary patterns, and 

calcium/vitamin D supplements in disease prevention. 

Several of the centers have recruited primarily minority 

populations: American Indians, Asians, blacks, 

Hispanics, and Pacific Islanders. The clinical trial 

recruited 12,607 minorities and the observational study 

recruited 15,658. Overall, of the 161,808 postmenopausal women recruited into the WHI, 17 percent were 

minorities.

In 2007, the Institute awarded 12 new contracts to 

help explain the postmenopausal hormone therapy and 

other clinical trial findings and to investigate the effects 

of genetic and biological markers on common diseases 

affecting postmenopausal women. Investigators will 

conduct their research using blood, DNA and other biological samples and clinical data from the WHI participants. Four contracts focus specifically on minority 

women:
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• Physical Activity, Obesity, Inflammation, and CHD 

in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort of Women: To clarify the 

mechanisms underlying the reduced risk of CHD 

conferred by physical activity and lower body fat, 

beyond their effects on traditional risk factors. 

Using data from the WHI observational study, 

researchers will (1) examine the association of physical activity and inflammatory markers and determine whether the association varies by a person’s 

weight and (2) investigate the association between 

physical activity combined with weight/obesity 

status and risk of CHD. They will compare the role 

of inflammatory markers in mediating the associations of physical activity combined with weight 

with CHD risk to the role of traditional risk factors, 

such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

• Ancestry Association Analyses of WHI Traits: To 

determine the contribution of ancestry informative 

markers in DNA samples to differences in risk of 

CHD, stroke, breast cancer, and hip fractures in 

blacks and Hispanics and analyze genetic factors 

related to ancestry or country of origin affecting hip 

fracture and bone mineral density in whites and 

blacks. 

• Biochemical Antecedents of Fracture in Minority 

Women: To examine biochemical factors for fracture in minority and white women. Research results 

could explain differences in fracture rates and contribute to prevention strategies.

• Interaction Effects of Genes in the Inflammatory 

Pathway and Dietary Supplement and Medication 

Exposures on General Cancer Risk: To identify 

genetic variants in genes involved in inflammation 

and immunity that are associated with cancer risk 

(breast, colon and rectum, and lung) in whites and 

blacks. Scientists will test associations between the 

use of dietary supplements and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) with inflammatory 

markers and risk of overall cancer. They will then 

study interaction effects of genetic variants with 

dietary supplement and NSAID exposure on cancer 

risk.

Lung Diseases

The NHLBI supports research on a number of lung 

diseases, such as asthma, sarcoidosis, and TB, that disproportionately affect minorities. The following section 

provides examples of research to address health disparities of lung diseases among minority populations; 

selected sleep disorders are also included.

Asthma

Etiology and Pathophysiology

The NHLBI has initiated several studies to determine 

the etiology and pathophysiology of asthma.

• Severe Asthma Research Program: To determine 

the mechanistic basis for severe asthma and to determine how it differs from mild-to-moderate asthma. 

Several of the projects have strong minority 

participation.

• Asthma Exacerbation: Biology and Disease 

Progression: To elucidate the biologic mechanisms 

of asthma exacerbation pathobiology and resolution 

and to determine their effect on lung function, 

physiology, and disease state; 27 to 56 percent of the 

study participants will come from various minority 

populations.

• Genome-Wide Association Studies To Identify 

Genetic Components Related to Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Disorders: To identify genetic variants 

related to heart, lung, and blood disorders and their 

risk factors using existing population, family, and 

clinical studies. Several of the asthma-related 

projects have strong minority representation in the 

study populations.

The Institute also supports investigator-initiated 

projects on the etiology and pathophysiology of asthma. 

They include a study to identify positional gene candidates for airway hyperresponsiveness and compare their 

association with asthma between two asthmatic groups: 

a white population on Tangier Island, VA, and a black 

population from Barbados; a study to establish the link 

between specific genotypic variants and phenotypic 

markers, and to elucidate the immunological pathways 

that contribute to asthma severity in blacks; and a casecontrolled study to identify genetic determinants of 

asthma risk among populations of African ancestry by 

performing genome-wide association studies and gene–

gene and gene–environment interaction studies.

Latinos carry a disproportionate burden of asthma. 

Yet few investigators studying the genetics of asthma 

have focused on them, partly due to the complexity of 

the Latino gene pool. A recently initiated study is developing and testing new methods to correct for population 
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stratification due to racial admixture, a key problem 

confounding genetic studies in the Latino population. 

The project focuses on data from the NHLBI-supported 

Genetics of Asthma in Latino Americans to assess population stratification. 

Other projects that focus on Hispanic populations 

include one that uses genomic screening to search for the 

genetic basis of asthma in a homogeneous Hispanic population in Costa Rica and another that involves a population-based case control association study to examine the 

influence of genetic and environmental factors on the 

development and severity of asthma in Puerto Rican 

children.

Occupational and environmental factors are known to 

trigger asthma symptoms. An investigator-initiated study 

is focusing on understanding the mechanisms by which 

occupational or environmental factors trigger the onset of 

asthma among low-income, urban blacks and Hispanics. 

Another study is examining the association of early 

exposure to endotoxin (which appears to promote the 

development of the immune system), nitrogen dioxide, 

and aeroallergens (which trigger asthma exacerbations); 

obesity; physical inactivity; and environmental tobacco 

smoke on the prevalence, persistence, and incidence of 

asthma in black and Hispanic children enrolled in innercity Head Start programs.

Circadian change in airway function is an important 

aspect of asthma, as more than 70 percent of deaths and 

80 percent of respiratory arrest occur during sleep. 

Focusing on nocturnal asthma, researchers are investigating the mechanisms that cause the changes in airway 

function that lead to exacerbation of symptoms; 

36 percent of the study population are from minority 

populations.

Treatment and Control

The Institute has initiated research to identify optimal 

drug strategies for treatment and management of asthma. 

Because the burden of asthma disproportionately affects 

minority children, it is important for them to be well 

represented in clinical trials. 

• ACRN-Phase II (see Chapter 11): To support an 

interactive network of asthma clinical research 

groups to conduct studies of new therapies for 

asthma and disseminate findings to the practicing 

community. Overall, 33 percent of the participants 

are from minority populations.

• CARE (see Chapter 11): To support a network of 

pediatric clinical care centers to determine optimal 

treatment and management strategies for children 

with asthma. The studies considered by the network 

will attempt to customize therapy based on specific 

asthma phenotypes and genotypes; 30 percent of the 

population will be minorities.

• Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities (see 

Chapter 9): To support partnerships between 

minority-serving institutions and research-intensive 

institutions to conduct studies on causes of and 

corrections for disparities in asthma among racial/

ethnic and low SES populations. Reciprocal training is encouraged to ensure culturally sensitive 

projects and enhance research capabilities.

The Institute is also supporting investigator-initiated 

studies focusing on finding effective treatment for 

various populations. One study is examining the effect 

of steroids on enhanced alpha-adrenergic vascular 

responsiveness in asthma; 77 percent of the participants 

are minorities. Another study is using preexisting, 

well-characterized asthma patient cohorts to identify 

genetic variants that can predict therapeutic response to 

asthma drugs. Scientists are interested in the influence of 

race/ethnicity on the genetic factors associated with 

asthma therapeutic responses.

Translational Activities

Ensuring full use of modern asthma treatment strategies is an important goal of the NHLBI. The Institute is 

supporting an investigator-initiated study to determine 

the effectiveness of an intervention that is removing barriers to preventive care to improve asthma management 

and lower asthma morbidity. Scientists are using a 

Breathmobile to deliver asthma screening to black children attending Head Start programs and a special consultation service to communicate directly with the parents 

about asthma management. Another study among lowincome, inner-city children with asthma attending preschool is testing a bilingual intervention program to 

improve asthma management; 60 percent of the participants are Hispanic and 40 percent are black.

Additional studies to improve asthma management 

among minority groups include a study to determine 

whether shared decision making in choosing asthma therapy between patients and physicians improves adherence 

in a patient population consisting of 82 percent minority 

and a study to test whether individualized interventions 
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will improve asthma management in a black and 

Hispanic population. A third study seeks to improve 

asthma management by teaching children with asthma to 

recognize symptoms of the presence of airflow obstruction; 42 percent of the participants are black and 6 percent are Hispanic.

Two randomized controlled trials are being conducted 

among patients recruited at the time of an emergency 

department visit for asthma exacerbation. One study is 

testing an intervention to enhance knowledge, selfefficacy, and asthma-related social support; 40 percent 

of the patients are minorities. The other focuses on 

young black children recruited at the time of an 

emergency department visit for asthma exacerbation. 

Investigators are testing the effectiveness of an 

intervention strategy that includes case management, 

telephone contacts, and a monetary incentive to increase 

follow-up visits to primary care providers.

Three studies are evaluating the benefits of working 

with public school systems to improve adherence to 

asthma management. In Birmingham, scientists are 

evaluating the impact of school-based supervised asthma 

therapy on asthma exacerbations in a predominately 

black population with moderate-to-severe asthma. In 

New York, they are testing the ability of an intervention 

that includes in-school intensive asthma education to 

9th- and 10th-grade students who have persistent asthma 

and intensive asthma education for their community 

physicians to improve asthma morbidity; 90 percent of 

the participants are black. In Detroit, investigators are 

developing and evaluating an Internet-based selfmanagement program for black teens with asthma.

Chronic environmental tobacco smoke exposure, particularly from parental smoking, is associated with more 

severe asthma, increased incidence of emergency department visits, life-threatening attacks, and prolonged time 

to recovery from asthma exacerbation requiring hospitalization. A study is being conducted to evaluate an intervention tailored to parental stage of change regarding 

smoking practice, to reduce asthma crisis care used by 

children with persistent asthma.

Education

The Institute has developed easy-to-read materials on 

asthma treatment and control directed to English and 

Spanish audiences with low literacy.

• Facts About Controlling Your Asthma

• El Asma: Cómo Controlar Esta Enfermedad (Facts 

About Controlling Your Asthma)

Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown 

etiology characterized by persistent granulomas with 

damage to surrounding tissue. The Institute has initiated 

a program to determine the immunopathogenesis of granulomatous inflammation found in sarcoidosis, including 

the role of predisposing factors, the immune components 

involved in the formation of granulomas and the defective regulatory immune response.

Investigator-initiated studies on the causes of sarcoidosis include a study to identify genes linked to sarcoidosis susceptibility in blacks and to determine if hereditary 

susceptibility predisposes blacks to sarcoidosis, and a 

project to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the 

immunologic and inflammatory processes that ultimately 

lead to end-stage fibrosis in progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis; many of the participants are black.

Sleep Disorders

Etiology

Sleep apnea is a common disorder that disproportionately affects blacks and is associated with an increased 

risk of CVD, including hypertension and stroke; it is particularly prevalent in heart failure patients. An Instituteinitiated program is assessing the interrelationship 

between sleep disorders and heart failure, and the mechanisms leading to cardiovascular stress when the two 

interact.

The NHLBI supports research on the etiology, 

pathophysiology, and consequences of sleep-disordered 

breathing (SDB), a condition characterized by repetitive 

interruptions in breathing.

• Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea (see 

Chapter 9): To integrate molecular, cellular, and 

genetic approaches to sleep control with clinical 

investigation on the etiology and pathogenesis of 

sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea. One study 

has 57 percent black participation and another has 

37 percent Asian participation.
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• Sleep Heart Health Study (see Chapter 9): To 

determine the degree to which sleep apnea is an 

independent or contributing risk factor for the 

development of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular 

disease; 23 percent of the participants are from 

various minority and ethnic populations.

The Institute also supports a wide spectrum of 

investigator-initiated projects to elucidate cardiovascular 

and other health consequences of SDB. Ongoing studies 

in various community settings are assessing the health 

risks of SDB within specific ethnic populations, including American Indians, Asians, blacks, and Hispanics. 

Characterization of how SDB occurs within family 

groups is helping to identify potential genetic risk factors 

that may allow early identification and treatment of highrisk individuals. A community-based study of sleep in 

Hispanics is assessing the prevalence and awareness of 

sleep disorders.

Treatment and Control

The NHLBI has initiated a multisite clinical trial to 

find effective treatments for sleep apnea.

• APPLES (see Chapter 9): To determine whether 

continuous positive airway pressure is an effective 

treatment for excessive daytime sleepiness and 

cognitive impairment associated with moderate-tosevere SDB; 25 percent of the participants are 

minorities. 

An investigator-initiated study is underway to assess 

whether sleep apnea in children can be effectively treated 

using tonsillectomy; 50 percent of the participants will 

be black.

Education

The NHLBI published Your Guide to Healthy Sleep, 

which provides the latest information about sleep apnea 

and other sleep disorders, including insomnia, restless 

legs syndrome, and narcolepsy.

Tuberculosis

Etiology

The Institute has initiated genetic studies to characterize genes associated with TB susceptibility and host 

immune responses to infection.

• Genetic Aspects of Tuberculosis in the Lung: To 

identify genes or families of genes that determine 

resistance and susceptibility to mycobacterial infection, virulence, latency, reactivation of TB, and 

resistance to antituberculosis drugs. A large number 

of the participants being recruited are from minority 

populations.

Treatment and Control

The NHLBI supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies focused on understanding the relationship between the immune system and TB. Most of the 

studies are being conducted among patients from minority populations. Included among them are studies to 

compare susceptibility to TB in populations in Mexico 

and Peru; examine the role of interferon-gamma in the 

pathogenesis of TB among Hispanics with and without 

HIV; identify and characterize host factors that predispose Asians to develop TB; and determine the 

effectiveness of adding aerosolized interferon-gamma to 

the usual treatment regimen for advanced TB in 

predominately minority populations in the United States 

and South Africa.

The NHLBI also supports research to improve TB 

control among minority populations. One project is evaluating educational strategies to improve adherence to 

medication regimens and regular clinic visits among 

Hispanic adolescents infected with TB. Another study, 

located in the Harlem community of New York City, is 

testing a new strategy to promote adherence to therapy 

among inner-city TB patients. Both programs are 

outgrowths of behavioral research programs begun by 

the Institute in 1995.

A third program, directed toward public health 

workers, could affect the health of minority populations, 

where rates for TB are disproportionately high. Scientists are evaluating the effectiveness of a new TB contact 

priority model for investigating contacts of persons with 

infectious TB. An effective model could enhance contact 

investigations and provide more efficient TB disease 

control.

Education

Building on the foundation laid by the Tuberculosis 

Academic Award program, the NHLBI is supporting a 

consortium of five TB curriculum centers.

• TB Curriculum Coordinating Center: To strengthen, 

expand, and increase access to the best available 

educational and training opportunities in TB for 
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medical, nursing, and allied health schools, especially those that provide primary care to communities where TB is endemic and the population is at 

high risk of developing TB.

Blood Diseases

The NHLBI supports basic and clinical research on 

SCD and Cooley’s anemia with the goal of curing the 

disorders and improving patient care.

Sickle Cell Disease

Basic Research

SCD is an inherited blood disorder that produces 

chronic anemia, periodic episodes of pain, and end organ 

damage. It affects about 1 in 500 blacks and 1 in 1,000 

Hispanics. Since 1972, the NHLBI has supported an 

extensive research program to improve understanding of 

the pathophysiology of SCD, identify better approaches 

for its diagnosis and treatment, and prevent 

complications.

Basic and translational research currently focuses on 

gaining an improved understanding of the expression of 

beta globins, elucidating the complex mechanisms of cell 

adhesion and vaso-occlusion, discovering genes that 

regulate fetal hemoglobin, describing the genetic factors 

that are responsible for the wide spectrum of clinical 

severity, and developing a prospective program for gene 

therapy.

Specific NHLBI initiatives include:

• Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers Program (see 

Chapter 9): To conduct basic and clinical research, 

deliver state-of-the-art patient care, offer educational activities for patients and health professionals, 

perform community outreach, and provide genetic 

counseling services. Ongoing activities include collaborative Phase II drug trials, neurocognitive and 

neuroimaging studies, a collaborative data and clinical registry, and an epidemiology study of priapism.

• Pulmonary Complications of Sickle Cell Disease: 

To stimulate collaborative translational research on 

the pulmonary complications of SCD. Researchers 

in hematology and pulmonary science, using a combination of basic and clinical approaches, will investigate the major known pulmonary complications 

of SCD due to acute chest syndrome, pulmonary 

hypertension, and oxyhemoglobin desaturation.

Two trans-NHLBI initiatives support research in SCD:

• Genome-Wide Association Studies To Identify 

Genetic Components That Relate to Heart, Lung, 

and Blood Diseases (see page 51): To investigate 

common genes involved in subphenotypes of SCD 

and centenarians. Scientists are seeking to identify 

genetic associations with specific clinical features 

in the two populations and subsequently compare 

the two datasets for differences and similarities. 

Research results could lead to improved treatment 

for SCD and increase our understanding of the 

genetic components that enhance healthy aging.

• Ancillary Studies in Clinical Trials (see page 50): 

To identify genetic variations underlying Rh antigenic diversity in patients with SCD. Research 

findings will be used to develop high throughput 

microchips with which to screen for matching 

donors and recipients prior to blood transfusion. 

Knowledge of the genetic basis for compatibility 

between donors and SCD patients for transfusion 

could contribute to preventing alloimmunization and 

improve SCD patient care.

Basic research advances reported in FY 2007 include:

• Confirmation in a sickle cell mouse model of the 

link between pulmonary hypertension, hemolysis, 

and the nitric oxide pathway. The model will allow 

for the study of pulmonary vasculature during different stages of development, providing opportunities for testing of hypotheses related to development 

of pulmonary hypertension, a common complication 

of SCD associated with early mortality. It will facilitate the evaluation of future therapies to prevent or 

combat pulmonary hypertension.

• Identification of genetic risk factors for priapism in 

adults with SCD. Using single-nucleotide polymorphisms, researchers found four genes important in 

cell adhesion, inflammation, cell signaling, or coagulation that are highly correlated with this painful 

condition. Finer analyses of these genetic factors 

may lead to a greater understanding of the risk conferred by individual gene variants or groups of such 

variants.

Clinical Research

The NHLBI is committed to finding improved treatments and ultimately a cure for SCD and other hemoglobinopathies. Institute-initiated studies have begun to 

yield therapies that will alleviate the symptoms of sickle 
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cell anemia and procedures that should ultimately provide a cure.

• BABY HUG (see Chapter 11): To assess the effectiveness of hydroxyurea in preventing onset of 

chronic organ damage in young black children 

with sickle cell anemia. At baseline, the trial has 

demonstrated that spleens and kidneys are already 

damaged by 1 year of age.

• SWITCH (see Chapter 9): To demonstrate that 

hydroxyurea and phlebotomy can maintain an 

acceptable stroke recurrence rate and significantly 

reduce hepatic iron burden in comparison to transfusion plus chelation in children who have had overt 

stroke.

• Sickle Cell Disease Clinical Research Network (see 

Chapter 11): To conduct Phase III randomized 

controlled clinical trials to test the efficacy and 

effectiveness of new therapies to treat and prevent 

complications of SCD and, when appropriate, 

thalassemia. The interventions will be based on 

results from basic studies and Phase I and Phase II 

clinical trials conducted in such programs as the 

NHLBI Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers 

Program.

• Sildenafil for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated 

Pulmonary Hypertension (see Chapter 11): To test 

the effects of 16 weeks of chronic sildenafil therapy 

on exercise endurance and pulmonary artery 

pressure in patients ages 14 years or older with 

pulmonary hypertension and SCD. The NHLBI 

Intramural Vascular Medicine Branch will 

participate as one of the nine clinical centers in this 

trial.

The NHLBI supports several transplant-related 

clinical studies that seek to reach minority populations.

• Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials 

Network (see Chapter 11): In collaboration with the 

NCI, to perform clinical trials to advance hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To reach minority 

populations, the Network supports bilingual transplant center personnel and provides public Web 

pages and educational materials. In addition, the 

Network is working with the National Marrow 

Donor Program to develop strategies and implement 

procedures to enhance enrollment of patients from 

minority groups.

The Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (COBLT) 

Study was completed in 2005. The COBLT bank contained more than 8,000 cord blood units, approximately 

57 percent of them from minority donors. Approximately 30 percent of the COBLT transplant patients were 

minorities. More than 3,500 of the COBLT cord blood 

units are currently available through the National Bone 

Marrow Donor Registry for clinical transplantation.

Outcomes Research

For the past several years, the NHLBI has supported 

working groups and meetings to understand the health 

and quality-of-life obstacles and challenges faced by 

adults with SCD. Activities to address the needs of the 

adult SCD patient community in 2007 include:

• Sickle Cell Disease Health-Related Quality of Life 

Questionnaire Project: To develop and validate an 

instrument to measure health-related quality of life 

among adults with SCD.

• Working Group on the Neurobiology of Pain and 

the Pharmacogenetics of Opioids in Sickle Cell 

Disease: To stimulate studies that will investigate 

the nature of pain syndromes in patients with SCD 

and encourage the inclusion of SCD patients in nondisease specific protocols.

• Thirty-Fifth Anniversary Meeting of the National 

Sickle Cell Disease Program/Sickle Cell Disease 

Association of America: To discuss the latest scientific advances by leading researchers and the effects 

of SCD on patients and on their families and 

communities.

• A conference grant to examine best practices in 

transfusion medicine for patients with SCD: To 

develop recommendations for the appropriate use of 

red blood cells in SCD patients and to devise strategies to facilitate awareness, acceptance, and implementation of best practices among providers and 

patients.

Education

The NHLBI has developed a number of publications 

on SCD that target minorities.

• Datos Sobre La Anemia Falciforme (Facts About 

Sickle Cell Anemia)

• Fact Sheet: Hydroxyurea in Pediatric Patients With 

Sickle Cell Disease
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Chapter 12. Minority Activities

studies. International collaborations have also been 

established.

• Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research 

Network (see Chapter 11): To establish a group of 

clinical centers to accelerate research in the management of thalassemia, standardize existing treatments, 

and evaluate new ones.

An important advance in the area of basic research 

involves the recent identification of the processes by 

which oxidative stress affects the regulation of red cell 

maturation and lifespan—a finding that affects our understanding of central pathophysiologic processes in thalassemia. When considered with the ongoing work in the 

Thalassemia Clinical Research Network, which is elucidating oxidative stress responses and effects of iron 

chelation therapy in patients with thalassemia, this work 

promises to provide insight into possible targets for 

intervention.

• Facts About Sickle Cell Anemia

• Patient Fact Sheet: The Multicenter Study of 

Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia (MSH)

• Management and Therapy of Sickle Cell Disease.

Cooley’s Anemia

Cooley’s anemia is an inherited disorder of red blood 

cells that affects primarily people of African, Asiatic 

Indian, Chinese, Mediterranean, and Southeast Asian 

origin. In 2000, the Institute initiated a program to establish a network of clinical research centers to evaluate 

new therapeutic agents. Research efforts include developing oral chelators to remove iron overload caused by 

repetitive transfusion therapy, testing drugs to enhance 

fetal hemoglobin production, and examining 

hematopoetic transplantation and gene therapy 

approaches to cure the disease. A registry with samples 

has been established to foster genomic and proteomic 

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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

13. Research Training and Career

Development Programs

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Graduate Training

Program (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*

Dollars (Millions)

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Graduate Training

Program (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*

Number of Trainees

NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

* National Research Service Awards (NRSA).

NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

* National Research Service Awards (NRSA).

Note: Numbers of awards and trainees may not agree with other tables due to the method of counting supplements.

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career 

Programs

Fellowship Programs 

(NRSA)*

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career 

Programs

Fellowship Programs 

(NRSA)*

2,000

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0
156

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2007

Number 

of Awards 

Obligated

Trainees 

(Full-time 

Training 

Positions) Direct Cost

Indirect 

Cost Total Cost

Percent 

of Total 

NHLBI 

Training 

Program 

Dollars

Fellowship Programs

Predoctoral Fellowship Award (F31) 44 44 $ 1,508,674 $ — $ 1,508,674 1.7%

Individual NRSA (F32) 130 130 6,684,654 — 6,684,654 7.3

Senior Fellowships NRSA (F33) — — — — — 0.0

Subtotal, Fellowships 174 174 8,193,328 — 8,193,328 9.0

Graduate Training Programs

Institutional NRSA (T32) 216 — 72,762,520 5,580,035 78,342,555* 85.6

Minority Institutional NRSA (T32) 4 — 725,148 54,836 779,984 0.9

Off-Quarter Professional Student 

Training NRSA (T34, T35)

17 — 2,222,758 188,701 2,411,459 2.6

Short-Term Training for Minority 

Students (T35M)

22 — 1,512,274 160,594 1,672,868 1.8

Subtotal, Graduate Training Programs 259 — 77,222,700 5,984,166 83,206,866* 91.0

Total, Training Programs 433 174 $85,416,028 $5,984,166 $91,400,194* 100.0%

* Excludes assessment of $1,916,000,000.
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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fellowship Programs

Predoctoral Fellowship 

Award (F31)

$ 388 $ 466 $ 346 $ 248 $ 264 $ 478 $ 563 $ 549 $ 794 $ 1,202 $ 1,509

Individual NRSA (F32) 6,281 6,969 8,807 8,517 8,515 8,887 7,868 8,128 8,813 8,790 6,684

Senior Fellowships 

NRSA (F33)

179 125 90 92 147 84 112 144 58 53 —

Subtotal, Fellowships 6,848 7,560 9,243 8,857 8,926 9,449 8,543 8,821 9,665 10,045 8,193

Graduate Training 

Programs

Institutional NRSA 

(T32)

38,253A 37,904B 45,551C 50,507D 58,516E 62,999F 69,951G 71,229H 70,524I 71,831J 78,343K

Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32)

898 706 901 1,167 996 1,092 1,006 734 1,184 743 780

Off-Quarter 

Professional Student 

Training NRSA (T34, 

T35)

1,216 1,435 1,384 966 1,974 1,987 1,975 1,993 2,233 2,215 2,411

MARC (T36) 5 5 5 5 5 — — — — — —

Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students 

(T35M)

1,612 1,964 2,494 2,570 1,877 2,057 2,594 2,671 2,976 2,527 1,673

Subtotal, Training 

Grants

41,984 42,014 50,335 55,215 63,368 68,135 75,526 76,627 76,917 77,316 83,207

Total, Training 

Programs 

$48,832A $49,574B $59,578C $64,072D $72,294E $77,584F $84,069G $85,448H $86,582I $87,361J $91,400K

A Excludes Assessment of $1,004,000.

B Excludes Assessment of $1,032,000.

C Excludes Assessment of $1,216,000.

D Excludes Assessment of $1,280,000.

E Excludes Assessment of $1,424,000.

F Excludes Assessment of $1,584,000.

G Excludes Assessment of $1,716,000.

H Excludes Assessment of $1,744,000.

I Excludes Assessment of $1,764,000.

J Excludes Assessment of $1,818,000.

K Excludes Assessment of $1,916,000.
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 1997–2007 

Number of Positions

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fellowship Programs

Predoctoral Fellowship 

Award (F31)

15 19 13 11 12 18 19 18 25 32 44

Individual NRSA (F32) 210 225 237 225 208 194 164 168 176 171 130

Senior Fellowships NRSA 

(F33)

5 4 2 2 3 2 2 3 1 2 —

Subtotal, Fellowships 230 248 252 238 223 214 185 189 202 205 174

Graduate Training Programs

Institutional NRSA (T32) 1,179 1,423 1,185 1,368 1,425 1,482 1,542 1,578 1,540 1,512 1,585

Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32)

43 52 53 48 43 39 42 32 35 26 23

Off-Quarter Professional 

Student Training NRSA 

(T34, T35)

68 — — 51 109 179 93 99 95 104 105

Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students (T35M)

75 — — 136 93 30 107 119 128 99 77

Subtotal, Training Grants 1,365 1,475 1,238 1,603 1,670 1,730 1,784 1,828 1,798 1,741 1,790

Total, Training Positions 1,595 1,723 1,490 1,841 1,893 1,944 1,969 2,017 2,000 1,946 1,964
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K01)

5 19 30 29 44 54 47 46 45 40 35

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research 

Scientist Development Award (K01)

1 — — 11 9 2 7 6 4 4 5

Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research 

Ethics (K01) — — — — — — 2 2 3 3 3

Independent Scientist Award (K02) 8 14 18 27 34 33 32 31 32 24 25

Research Career Development Award (K04) 18 10 6 1 — — — — — — —

Research Career Award (K06) 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 —

Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular Disease Academic 

Award (K07)

9 3 3 1 — — — — — — —

Asthma Academic Award (K07) 9 6 3 — — — — — — — —

Tuberculosis Academic Award (K07) 23 20 13 9 5 — — — — — —

Sleep Academic Award (K07) 12 20 20 20 12 8 — — — — —

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) — 10 10 19 19 19 9 9 — — —

Pediatric Transfusion Medicine

Academic Award (K07)

— — — — — — — — — — 4

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities 

Academic Award (K07)

— — — — — — — 8 14 18 18

Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08) 267 278 262 257 241 236 240 229 239 226 214

Physician Scientist Award (K11) — — — — — — — — — — —

Vascular Medicine Research Career 

Development Program (K12)

— — — — — — — — — 2 7

Clinical Hematology Research Career 

Development Program (K12)

— — — — — — — — — 6 6

Genetics and Genomics of Lung Diseases

Career Development Program (K12)

— — — — — — — — — — 8

Minority School Faculty Development Award 

(K14)

9 — — 4 1 — — — — — —

Research Development Award for Minority 

Faculty(K14)

34 37 22 7 — — — — — — —

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

(K18)

— — — — — — 1 5 3 2 4

NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22) — — — — — — — 1 2 1 1

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career 

Development Award (K23)

— — 13 36 58 90 110 122 127 122 120

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24)

— — 11 20 27 37 38 32 32 33 29

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development 

Award (K25)

— — — — 2 7 9 12 17 16 15

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (K30) — — 9 16 55 55 55 55 —* 14 16

Career Transition Award (K99) — — — — — — — — — — 24

Total, Research Career Programs 398 420 422 459 509 543 552 559 519 512 534

* In FY 2005, the NHLBI relinquished management of the K30 program and as a result did not receive the grant count. 
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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award for Minority 

Faculty (K01)

$ 460 $ 1,723 $ 2,738 $ 3,650 $ 5,556 $ 5,711 $ 6,156 $ 6,150 $ 6,088 $ 5,453 $ 4,718

Minority Institution Faculty 

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award (K01)

106 101 905 1,300 1,143 1,703 991 867 588 567 698

Mentored Scientist Development 

Award in Research Ethics (K01)

— — — — — — 255 253 355 358 357

Independent Scientist Award (K02) 545 933 1,548 2,350 3,202 3,130 3,099 3,079 3,218 2,421 2,511

Research Career Development 

Award (K04)

1,226 684 568 69 — — — — — — —

Research Career Award (K06) 103 103 70 70 70 69 69 34 34 34 —

Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular 

Diseases Academic Award (K07)

1,415 386 423 113 — — — — — — —

Asthma Academic Award (K07) 764 509 248 — — — — — — — —

Tuberculosis Academic Award(K07) 1,831 1,566 1,161 745 396 — — — — — —

Sleep Academic Award (K07) 1,027 1,734 1,736 1,760 1,081 722 — — — — —

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) — 1,491 1,480 2,829 2,869 2,906 1,472 1,516 — — —

Pediatrics Transfusion Medicine 

Academic Award (K07)

— — — — — — — — — — 486

Cultural Competence and Health 

Disparities Academic Award (K07)

— — — — — — — 925 1,620 2,109 2,232

Clinical Investigator Development 

Award (K08)

22,238 23,122 29,741 30,189 29,263 29,295 30,288 29,037 30,429 28,973 27,286

Physician Scientist Award (K11) — — — — — — — — — — —

Vascular Medicine Research Career 

Development Program (K12)

— — — — — — — — — 772 3,206

Clinical Hematology Research Career 

Development Program (K12)

— — — — — — — — — 2,360 2,367

Genetics and Genomics of Lung 

Diseases Career Development 

Program (K12)

— — — — — — — — — — 3,154

Minority School Faculty 

Development Award (K14)

729 618 445 862 98 — — — — — —

Research Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K14)

3,468 3,099 2,093 393 — — — — — — —

Career Enhancement Award for Stem 

Cell Research (K18)

— — — — — — 243 980 512 213 652

NHLBI Career Transition Award 

(K22)

— — — — — — — 185 364 178 160

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research 

Career Development Award (K23)

— — 1,687 4,619 7,570 11,909 14,571 16,216 17,086 16,720 16,419

Midcareer Investigator Award in 

Patient-Oriented Research (K24)

— — 1,054 2,072 2,877 4,058 4,368 3,815 3,929 4,315 4,037

Mentored Quantitative Research 

Career Development Award (K25)

— — — — 272 921 1,195 1,622 2,206 2,184 2,077

Clinical Research Curriculum Award 

(K30)

— — 1,772 3,163 3,073 3,090 3,110 3,115 4,589 3,708 2,520

Career Transition Award (K99) — — — — — — — — — — 2,074

Total, Research Career Program 

Obligations

$33,912 $36,069 $47,669 $54,184 $57,470 $63,514 $65,817 $67,794 $71,018 $70,365 $74,954
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Dollars (Millions)

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

MARC Summer Research Training 

Program

$ 17 $ — $ 10 $ 4 $ 20 $ 15 $ 4 $ — $ — $ — $ —

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award for 

Minority Faculty

460 1,723 2,738 3,650 5,556 5,711 6,156 6150 6,088 5,453 4,718

MARC 5 5 — 5 5 — — — — — —

Minority Biomedical Research 

Support (MBRS)

2,722 2,978 3,423 3,873 3,165 2,793 3,600 2,806 2,846 2,403 2,475

Minority Institution Faculty 

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award

106 101 905 1,300 1,143 1,703 991 867 588 567 698

Minority Institution Research 

Training Program

898 706 901 1,167 996 1,092 1,006 734 1,184 743 780

Minority Predoctoral Fellowship 388 436 345 248 264 278 308 374 545 1,012 1,115

Minority Research Supplements 

Program

7,070 7,043 7,440 8,304 8,587 9,822 9,323 10,938 11,214 10,680 10,834

Minority School Faculty 

Development Award

729 618 445 862 98 — — — — — —

Reentry Supplements 152 249 106 176 384 — — — 96 132 245

Research Development Award for 

Minority Faculty

3,468 3,099 2,093 393 — — — — — — —

Short-Term Training for Minority 

Students

1,612 1,964 2,494 2,570 1,876 2,057 2,594 2671 2,976 2,526 1,673

Total, Minority Programs $17,627 $18,922 $20,900 $22,552 $22,094 $23,471 $23,982 $24,540 $25,537 $23,516 $22,538

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Minority Supplements

Investigator 38 31 32 33 33 46 47 35 29 27 31

Postdoctoral 47 50 47 42 41 33 38 37 52 49 43

Graduate 36 48 53 47 43 45 57 61 80 74 73

Undergraduate 23 25 17 19 12 17 18 17 12 11 16

High School 9 11 6 — 3 3 4 3 7 3 3

Post-Master/PostBaccalaureate— — — — — 2 8 17 16 11 4

Reentry Supplements 2 3 2 1 3 — — 3 2 1 1

Disability Supplements 3 2 1 5 4 5 4 3 2 2 4

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

158 170 158 147 139 151 176 176 200 178 175

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1997–2007

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Minority Supplements

Investigator $2,412 $2,185 $2,331 $3,262 $3,430 $ 5,046 $3,844 $ 4,256 $ 3,552 $ 3,343 $ 3,719

Postdoctoral 3,172 3,032 3,110 3,053 3,086 2,554 2,655 2,713 3,432 3,542 3,284

Graduate 1,181 1,527 1,806 1,791 1,818 1,864 2,181 2,439 3,208 3,114 3,021

Undergraduate 273 246 166 198 235 260 301 282 179 178 350

High School 32 53 27 — 18 33 33 13 30 18 16

Post-Master/PostBaccalaureate— — — — — 65 309 597 618 352 156

Reentry Supplements 152 249 106 176 384 — — 495 96 132 245

Disability Supplements 165 96 72 282 187 474 360 143 99 133 288

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

$7,387 $7,388 $7,618 $8,762 $9,158 $10,296 $9,683 $10,938 $11,214 $10,812 $11,079
163

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards:

Fiscal Year 2007

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2007

Dollars in Millions

$65.1 to 302.0 (11)

$30.1 to 65.0 (10)

$14.1 to 30.0 (9)

$3.1 to 14.0 (10)

$0.0 to 3.0 (10)
164

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2007

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Alabama

CFD Research Corporation 1 $ 459,692 1 $ 459,692 — $ — — $ —

Cooper Green Hospital 1 549,756 1 549,756 — — — —

Elgavish Paramagnetics, Inc. 1 380,811 1 380,811 — — — —

ResearchSouth, Inc. 1 459,332 1 459,332 — — — —

University of Alabama at Birmingham 66 30,899,244 55 26,297,758 7 1,318,079 4 3,283,407

University of South Alabama 13 4,597,066 11 4,369,017 2 228,049 — —

Total Alabama 83 37,345,901 70 32,516,366 9 1,546,128 4 3,283,407

Alaska

Norton Sound Health Corporation 1 485,496 1 485,496 — — — —

Total Alaska 1 485,496 1 485,496 — — — —

Arizona

Arizona State University, Tempe Campus 2 390,354 2 390,354 — — — —

ImaRx Therapeutics, Inc. 1 303,669 1 303,669 — — — —

Mayo Clinic, Arizona 3 474,363 1 365,049 2 109,314 — —

Northern Arizona University 1 222,000 1 222,000 — — — —

Translational Genomics Research Institute 2 774,373 2 774,373 — — — —

University of Arizona 32 9,680,245 28 8,879,296 4 800,949 — —

Western Research Company, Inc. 1 426,322 1 426,322 — — — —

Total Arizona 42 12,271,326 36 11,361,063 6 910,263 — —

Arkansas

University of Arkansas for Medical 

Sciences, Little Rock

6 1,865,701 6 1,865,701 — — — —

Total Arkansas 6 1,865,701 6 1,865,701 — — — —

California

Activesite Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 224,868 1 224,868 — — — —

Advanced Brain Monitoring, Inc. 1 41,250 1 41,250 — — — —

AfaScience, Inc. 1 232,068 1 232,068 — — — —

Affymetrix, Inc. 1 9,172,820 — — — — 1 9,172,820

Apneos Corporation 1 107,000 1 107,000 — — — —

BioTechPlex Corporation 2 735,205 2 735,205 — — — —

Blood Systems Research Institute 4 3,471,596 3 1,995,326 — — 1 1,476,270

Burnham Institute for Medical Research 8 5,755,853 8 5,755,853 — — — —

California Institute of Technology 5 1,960,443 4 1,908,395 1 52,048 — —

California Pacific Medical Center 

Research Institute

3 1,402,213 2 892,408 — — 1 509,805

California State Polytechnic University, 

Pomona

— 161,889 — 161,889 — — — —
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

California State University, San Bernardino — 60,612 — 60,612 — — — —

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 6 5,791,717 6 5,791,717 — — — —

Children’s Hospital and Research Center 

at Oakland

15 8,730,852 13 8,262,618 1 108,427 1 359,807

Children’s Hospital Los Angeles 10 6,484,574 10 6,484,574 — — — —

Children’s Hospital of Orange County 1 44,187 — — 1 44,187 — —

City of Hope/Beckman Research Institute 3 924,478 3 924,478 — — — —

Cytograft Tissue Engineering, Inc. 1 728,532 1 728,532 — — — —

Cytori Therapeutics, Inc. 1 249,877 1 249,877 — — — —

Diagnostics for the Real World, Ltd. 1 1,540,147 1 1,540,147 — — — —

Fallbrook Engineering, Inc. 1 958,277 1 958,277 — — — —

FibroGen, Inc. 1 497,166 1 497,166 — — — —

HeartVista, Inc. 1 132,355 1 132,355 — — — —

Inner Health, Inc. 1 99,977 1 99,977 — — — —

J. David Gladstone Institutes 8 3,837,067 8 3,837,067 — — — —

Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 10 7,932,367 8 7,075,103 — — 2 857,264

Keck Graduate Institute of Applied 

Life Sciences

1 359,123 1 359,123 — — — —

LA Biomedical Research Institute/HarborUCLA Medical Center10 2,968,598 7 2,438,156 — — 3 530,442

La Jolla Bioengineering Institute 3 1,264,229 3 1,264,229 — — — —

La Jolla Institute for Molecular Medicine 2 982,569 2 982,569 — — — —

LaunchPoint Technologies, Inc. 2 455,230 2 455,230 — — — —

LDM Associates 1 587,910 1 587,910 — — — —

LifeWave, Inc. 1 147,019 1 147,019 — — — —

Loma Linda University 4 1,061,572 3 1,003,232 1 58,340 — —

Los Angeles Orthopaedic Foundation 1 329,731 1 329,731 — — — —

MagneSensors, Inc. 1 189,254 1 189,254 — — — —

March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation 1 308,926 1 308,926 — — — —

National Childhood Cancer Foundation 1 1 1 1 — — — —

Northern California Institute Research 

and Education

9 3,919,892 9 3,919,892 — — — —

Palo Alto Institute for Research and 

Education, Inc.

2 659,892 2 659,892 — — — —

Rand Corporation 4 2,547,760 4 2,547,760 — — — —

Regents of the University of California 1 855,331 — — — — 1 855,331

Salk Institute for Biological Studies 2 978,906 2 978,906 — — — —

San Diego State University 14 11,217,113 11 6,605,276 2 58,344 1 4,553,493

Science Applications International 

Corporation

1 3,008,000 — — — — 1 3,008,000

Scripps Research Institute 27 15,714,794 26 15,250,551 1 464,243 — —

Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center 1 755,456 1 755,456 — — — —

Stanford University 70 28,582,377 57 24,992,882 12 1,759,034 1 1,830,461

Tissue Repair Company 1 1,013,914 1 1,013,914 — — — —

Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies 2 832,594 2 832,594 — — — —
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NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

University of California, Berkeley 10 3,344,784 7 3,204,601 3 140,183 — —

University of California, Davis 31 10,446,232 28 9,338,160 2 423,148 1 684,924

University of California, Irvine 21 6,983,500 19 6,796,198 1 48,796 1 138,506

University of California, Lawrence 

Berkeley National Laboratory

8 5,735,442 7 5,497,600 1 237,842 — —

University of California, Los Angeles 74 36,213,941 65 33,855,480 8 1,614,295 1 744,166

University of California, Riverside 1 350,493 1 350,493 — — — —

University of California, San Diego 79 39,022,747 70 35,888,592 9 3,134,155 — —

University of California, San Francisco 107 41,012,876 96 38,737,692 10 1,937,073 1 338,111

University of California, Santa Barbara 3 904,902 3 904,902 — — — —

University of California, System Office/

President

— 2,000 — 2,000 — — — —

University of California, Merced 1 40,972 — — 1 40,972 — —

University of Southern California 27 13,136,569 26 13,095,298 1 41,271 — —

Vala Sciences, Inc. 1 676,969 1 676,969 — — — —

Veterans Medical Research Foundation 

of San Diego

4 3,165,966 4 3,165,966 — — — —

Virogenics, Inc. 1 149,881 1 149,881 — — — —

Total California 617 301,204,855 545 265,983,097 55 10,162,358 17 25,059,400

Colorado

Aerophase, Inc. 1 591,751 1 591,751 — — — —

Colorado State University, Fort Collins 5 904,573 5 904,573 — — — —

Denver Health and Hospital Authority 3 1,684,130 2 1,385,761 — — 1 298,369

Freyr Biosystems, LLC 1 101,942 1 101,942 — — — —

Kestrel Labs, Inc. 1 999,855 1 999,855 — — — —

Keystone Symposia 4 50,000 4 50,000 — — — —

Klein Buendel, Inc. 1 479,697 1 479,697 — — — —

National Jewish Medical and 

Research Center

26 19,244,878 25 19,227,446 1 17,432 — —

PHCC, LP 1 145,970 1 145,970 — — — —

Rocky Mountain Biosystems, Inc. 1 497,308 1 497,308 — — — —

Sporian Microsystems, Inc. 1 99,995 1 99,995 — — — —

Synkera Technologies, Inc. 1 186,020 1 186,020 — — — —

University of Colorado 1 316,335 — — — — 1 316,335

University of Colorado at Boulder 8 2,060,315 7 1,942,835 1 117,480 — —

University of Colorado at Denver and 

Health Science Center, Aurora

50 20,620,242 44 18,706,584 6 1,913,658 — —

University of Colorado, Denver 1 360,397 — — — — 1 360,397

ValveXchange, Inc. 1 247,873 1 247,873 — — — —

Total Colorado 107 48,591,281 96 45,567,610 8 2,048,570 3 975,101

Connecticut

Gaylord Hospital 1 164,504 1 164,504 — — — —

Hartford Hospital 1 904,825 1 904,825 — — — —
167

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

John B. Pierce Laboratory, Inc. 1 553,725 1 553,725 — — — —

Protein Sciences Corporation 1 487,336 — — — — 1 487,336

SibTech, Inc. 1 187,130 1 187,130 — — — —

University of Connecticut School of 

Medicine and Dental Medicine

11 3,662,311 11 3,662,311 — — — —

University of Connecticut Storrs 2 549,271 2 549,271 — — — —

Yale University 64 33,994,814 55 29,152,631 8 2,443,269 1 2,398,914

Total Connecticut 82 40,503,916 72 35,174,397 8 2,443,269 2 2,886,250

Delaware

University of Delaware 4 1,253,409 4 1,253,409 — — — —

Total Delaware 4 1,253,409 4 1,253,409 — — — —

District of Columbia

Academy for Educational Development 1 1,235,625 — — — — 1 1,235,625

American Institutes for Research 5 5,451,630 — — — — 5 5,451,630

American Society of Hematology 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

Association of Professors of Medicine 1 25,500 1 25,500 — — — —

Children’s Research Institute 5 2,246,779 4 1,593,211 — — 1 653,568

George Washington University 9 2,853,744 8 2,797,042 1 56,702 — —

Georgetown University 12 5,482,908 11 5,427,010 1 55,898 — —

Hager Sharp, Inc. 1 604,526 — — — — 1 604,526

Howard University 7 2,931,183 4 2,543,377 1 1 2 387,805

U.S. Bureau of the Census 1 193,000 — — — — 1 193,000

U.S. Office of Personnel Management 1 725,000 — — — — 1 725,000

Total District of Columbia 44 21,759,895 29 12,396,140 3 112,601 12 9,251,154

Florida

Altor BioScience Corporation 1 1,042,563 1 1,042,563 — — — —

ArchieMD, Inc. 1 137,819 1 137,819 — — — —

Florida Institute of Technology 1 306,144 1 306,144 — — — —

Florida International University — 404,921 — 404,921 — — — —

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and 

Research Institute

2 554,440 2 554,440 — — — —

Mount Sinai Medical Center, 

Miami Beach

1 4,086,877 1 4,086,877 — — — —

Nemours Children’s Clinic 1 160,163 1 160,163 — — — —

University of Central Florida 2 429,207 2 429,207 — — — —

University of Florida 32 9,953,177 27 9,496,864 5 456,313 — —

University of Miami Coral Gables 5 8,873,036 2 3,004,837 1 318,865 2 5,549,334

University of Miami School of Medicine 13 4,445,301 9 3,340,727 2 431,773 2 672,801

University of South Florida 2 616,815 2 616,815 — — — —

Total Florida 61 31,010,463 49 23,581,377 8 1,206,951 4 6,222,135
168

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Georgia

Emory University 56 20,630,976 51 19,196,825 4 787,142 1 647,009

Georgia Institute of Technology 6 2,528,894 6 2,528,894 — — — —

Medical College of Georgia 28 10,031,336 25 9,549,373 3 481,963 — —

Morehouse School of Medicine 12 4,164,258 11 3,784,437 1 379,821 — —

Transfusion and Transplantation 

Technologies

1 262,778 1 262,778 — — — —

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention

5 3,375,000 — — — — 5 3,375,000

University of Georgia 2 219,043 1 168,615 1 50,428 — —

Zygogen, LLC 1 153,994 1 153,994 — — — —

Total Georgia 111 41,366,279 96 35,644,916 9 1,699,354 6 4,022,009

Hawaii

Pacific Health Research Institute 1 516,908 1 516,908 — — — —

Queen’s Medical Center 1 568,909 1 568,909 — — — —

University of Hawaii at Hilo — 209,189 — 209,189 — — — —

University of Hawaii at Manoa 5 1,925,768 3 1,747,366 1 48,796 1 129,606

Total Hawaii 7 3,220,774 5 3,042,372 1 48,796 1 129,606

Illinois

Children’s Memorial Hospital, Chicago 3 899,910 2 867,434 1 32,476 — —

Evanston Northwestern Healthcare 4 1,390,957 3 1,342,161 1 48,796 — —

Howard Brown Health Center — 162,000 — 162,000 — — — —

Illinois Institute of Technology 1 306,230 1 306,230 — — — —

Loyola University, Chicago 11 5,752,142 10 5,705,316 1 46,826 — —

Northwestern University 70 36,682,242 63 29,551,795 4 856,050 3 6,274,397

Rush University Medical Center 8 2,698,231 7 2,531,515 — — 1 166,716

University of Chicago 51 18,782,740 45 17,086,765 6 1,695,975 — —

University of Illinois at Chicago 53 23,458,465 46 21,489,093 6 1,676,640 1 292,732

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 5 1,714,680 5 1,714,680 — — — —

Total Illinois 206 91,847,597 182 80,756,989 19 4,356,763 5 6,733,845

Indiana

General Biotechnology, LLC 1 518,616 1 518,616 — — — —

Indiana University-Purdue University 

at Indianapolis

52 19,126,032 46 17,575,268 5 898,351 1 652,413

Indiana University Bloomington 1 359,123 1 359,123 — — — —

Molecular Kinetics, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Purdue University West Lafayette 6 1,313,511 5 1,266,685 1 46,826 — —

SonarMed, Inc. 2 1,314,312 2 1,314,312 — — — —

University of Notre Dame 5 3,120,548 5 3,120,548 — — — —

Total Indiana 68 25,852,142 61 24,254,552 6 945,177 1 652,413
169

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Iowa

DMAG 1 99,340 — — — — 1 99,340

Maharishi University of Management 

Research Institute

1 654,851 1 654,851 — — — —

University of Iowa 68 33,315,181 60 30,695,559 7 2,497,393 1 122,229

VIDA Diagnostics, Inc. 3 596,723 3 596,723 — — — —

Total Iowa 73 34,666,095 64 31,947,133 7 2,497,393 2 221,569

Kansas

University of Kansas Medical Center 7 2,650,319 7 2,650,319 — — — —

Total Kansas 7 2,650,319 7 2,650,319 — — — —

Kentucky

Pharmacogenetics Diagnostic Laboratories 1 115,534 1 115,534 — — — —

SCR, Inc. 1 268,790 1 268,790 — — — —

University of Kentucky 25 10,366,307 24 10,240,305 1 126,002 — —

University of Louisville 22 9,049,223 20 8,819,177 2 230,046 — —

Western Kentucky University 1 204,750 1 204,750 — — — —

Total Kentucky 50 20,004,604 47 19,648,556 3 356,048 — —

Louisiana

Louisiana State University Agricultural and 

Mechanical College, Baton Rouge

1 338,490 1 338,490 — — — —

Louisiana State University Health Science 

Center New Orleans

5 3,854,714 4 3,598,786 — — 1 255,928

Louisiana State University Health Science 

Center Shreveport

5 1,292,567 5 1,292,567 — — — —

Louisiana State University Pennington 

Biomedical Research Center

5 1,812,765 5 1,812,765 — — — —

Ochsner Clinic Foundation 1 270,231 1 270,231 — — — —

Tulane University of Louisiana 16 6,888,113 15 6,850,569 1 37,544 — —

Total Louisiana 33 14,456,880 31 14,163,408 1 37,544 1 255,928

Maine

Jackson Laboratory 9 5,595,953 8 5,445,843 1 150,110 — —

Maine Medical Center 3 966,019 3 966,019 — — — —

Total Maine 12 6,561,972 11 6,411,862 1 150,110 — —

Maryland

Agency for Health Care Administration 1 50,000 — — — — 1 50,000

American Physiological Society 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

American Society for Investigative 

Pathology

1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

BioAssessments, LLC 1 149,799 1 149,799 — — — —
170

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Bon Secours Hospital, Baltimore 1 563,522 1 563,522 — — — —

Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation 1 754,096 1 754,096 — — — —

EMMES Corporation 2 728,427 1 711,121 — — — 17,306

Engineering and Scientific Research 

Associates

1 474,124 1 474,124 — — — —

Fast Imaging Company, LLC 1 362,070 1 362,070 — — — —

Federation of American Societies for 

Experimental Biology

2 15,000 2 15,000 — — — —

Foresight Science and Technology, Inc. 1 34,000 — — — — 1 34,000

Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the 

Advancement of Military Medicine

4 1,782,916 2 845,246 1 175,893 1 761,777

IM Systems 1 607,079 1 607,079 — — — —

Infinite Biomedical Technologies, LLC 1 1,002,889 1 1,002,889 — — — —

J. Craig Venter Institute, Inc. 1 1,548,290 — — — — 1 1,548,290

Johns Hopkins University 165 88,807,988 136 75,846,092 20 4,262,411 9 8,699,485

Larta Institute 1 102,000 — — — — 1 102,000

Maryland Medical Research Institute, Inc. 1 610,147 1 610,147 — — — —

Medstar Research Institute 3 3,084,022 3 3,084,022 — — — —

National Cancer Institute 1 110,000 — — — — 1 110,000

National Center for Health Statistics 1 200,000 — — — — 1 200,000

National Eye Institute 1 198,000 — — — — 1 198,000

National Institute of Child Health and 

Human Development

1 2,400,000 — — — — 1 2,400,000

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive 

and Kidney Diseases

1 976,500 — — — — 1 976,500

National Library of Medicine 1 200,000 — — — — 1 200,000

National Science Foundation 2 350,000 — — — — 2 350,000

New Health Sciences, Inc. 1 133,290 1 133,290 — — — —

NIH Office of Loan Repayment 1 9,681,257 — — — — 1 9,681,257

Panacea Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 262,622 1 262,622 — — — —

Peace Technology, Inc. 1 2,728,134 — — — — 1 2,728,134

Perinatronics Medical Systems, Inc. 1 836,174 1 836,174 — — — —

Primary Care Coalition of Montgomery 

County

1 173,324 1 173,324 — — — —

Prolias, LLC 1 100,539 1 100,539 — — — —

Quality Biological, Inc. 1 107,143 1 107,143 — — — —

Seracare Bioservices 1 2,181,239 — — — — 1 2,181,239

Sickle Cell Disease Association of America 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

Social and Scientific Systems, Inc. 1 1,704,813 — — — — 1 1,704,813

Suburban Hospital 1 4,675,515 — — — — 1 4,675,515

U.S. Department of Health and Human 

Services

5 873,803 — — — — 5 873,803

U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2 165,000 — — — — 2 165,000

U.S. Gallup Indian Medical Center 1 20,000 — — — — 1 20,000

U.S. Health Resources and Services 

Administration

3 210,000 — — — — 3 210,000
171

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

U.S. PHS Indian Health Service 2 232,581 — — — — 2 232,581

University of Maryland, Baltimore 41 20,058,438 38 19,452,660 3 605,778 — —

University of Maryland, College Park 1 109,846 1 109,846 — — — —

University of Maryland Biotechnology 

Institute

1 352,012 1 352,012 — — — —

Westat, Inc. 1 3,999,359 — — — — 1 3,999,359

Total Maryland 267 153,745,958 201 106,582,817 24 5,044,082 42 42,119,059

Massachusetts

ABIOMED, Inc. 3 962,084 2 862,772 — — 1 99,312

Aeris Therapeutics, Inc. 1 391,775 1 391,775 — — — —

Aerodyne Research, Inc. 1 362,181 1 362,181 — — — —

American National Red Cross Blood 

Service, New England

1 520,419 — — — — 1 520,419

Baystate Medical Center 1 327,672 — — — — 1 327,672

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 52 23,118,831 46 22,067,573 6 1,051,258 — —

BioPhysics Assay Laboratory, Inc. 1 309,578 1 309,578 — — — —

BioSense Technologies, Inc. 1 365,793 1 365,793 — — — —

BioSurfaces 2 469,619 1 369,619 — — 1 100,000

Boston Biomedical Research Institute 2 959,404 2 959,404 — — — —

Boston Medical Center 16 9,413,972 16 9,413,972 — — — —

Boston University 11 6,751,480 10 5,552,581 — — 1 1,198,899

Boston University Medical Campus 44 27,395,775 39 24,939,255 5 2,456,520 — —

Brandeis University 2 446,352 2 446,352 — — — —

Brigham and Women’s Hospital 117 60,321,277 104 54,299,586 11 4,044,098 2 1,977,593

Caritas St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center 2 803,799 2 803,799 — — — —

Cell Imaging Systems, LLC. 1 492,360 1 492,360 — — — —

Children’s Hospital Boston 49 20,297,523 42 18,339,478 7 1,958,045 — —

Corum Medical 1 127,648 1 127,648 — — — —

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 16 6,101,155 16 6,101,155 — — — —

Education Development Center, Inc. 1 617,712 1 617,712 — — — —

GLSynthesis, Inc. 2 632,836 2 632,836 — — — —

Grady Research, Inc. 1 668,250 1 668,250 — — — —

Gwathmey, Inc. 1 1,457,861 1 1,457,861 — — — —

Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc. 3 1,568,619 3 1,568,619 — — — —

Harvard University 1 360,000 1 360,000 — — — —

Harvard University Medical School 13 4,501,857 10 3,485,068 3 1,016,789 — —

Harvard University School of Public Health 21 7,935,211 16 7,087,472 5 847,739 — —

Immune Disease Institute, Inc. 6 9,696,414 6 9,696,414 — — — —

Immunetics, Inc. 1 784,267 1 784,267 — — — —

InfoSciencetex Corporation 1 570,495 1 570,495 — — — —

IQuum, Inc. 1 996,837 1 996,837 — — — —

Joslin Diabetes Center 2 990,005 2 990,005 — — — —
172

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Levitronix, LLC 2 1,429,919 2 1,429,919 — — — —

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary 1 125,982 1 125,982 — — — —

Massachusetts General Hospital 61 33,943,144 56 31,043,991 4 1,438,513 1 1,460,640

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 11 21,669,211 8 8,110,263 2 86,948 1 13,472,000

MatTek Corporation 1 215,533 1 215,533 — — — —

Neuroprotection 1 178,288 1 178,288 — — — —

New England Medical Center Hospitals 25 9,424,591 22 8,843,292 1 439,360 2 141,939

New England Research Institutes, Inc. 6 19,305,323 5 17,087,599 — — 1 2,217,724

Newton Laboratories 1 395,798 1 395,798 — — — —

Northeastern University 1 260,510 1 260,510 — — — —

Physical Sciences, Inc. 1 89,059 1 89,059 — — — —

Progeria Research Foundation, Inc. 1 15,000 1 15,000 — — — —

Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. 1 426,714 1 426,714 — — — —

Trustees of Boston University 1 2,926,136 — — — — 1 2,926,136

Tufts University Boston 10 3,094,994 7 2,427,778 2 215,049 1 452,167

University of Massachusetts, Amherst 2 490,680 2 490,680 — — — —

University of Massachusetts Medical 

School, Worcester

22 8,461,496 20 8,358,765 2 102,731 — —

University of Massachusetts Lowell 1 231,000 1 231,000 — — — —

Verax Biomedical, Inc. 1 713,042 1 713,042 — — — —

Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Res 1 50,428 — — 1 50,428 — —

ZymeQuest, Inc. 1 171,033 1 171,033 — — — —

Total Massachusetts 530 294,336,942 467 255,734,963 49 13,707,478 14 24,894,501

Michigan

Central Michigan University 1 191,414 1 191,414 — — — —

Henry Ford Health System 12 6,089,492 12 6,089,492 — — — —

MC3, Inc. 4 1,346,492 4 1,346,492 — — — —

MedArray, Inc. 1 617,994 1 617,994 — — — —

Michigan State University 10 3,469,572 10 3,469,572 — — — —

Phrixus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 215,084 1 215,084 — — — —

St. Joseph Mercy Oakland 2 337,117 2 337,117 — — — —

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 97 40,348,203 91 38,404,060 5 1,671,183 1 272,960

Van Andel Research Institute 1 455,000 1 455,000 — — — —

Wayne State University 17 5,113,439 16 4,983,767 — — 1 129,672

Total Michigan 146 58,183,807 139 56,109,992 5 1,671,183 2 402,632

Minnesota

Advanced Circulatory Systems, Inc. 3 1,664,182 3 1,664,182 — — — —

Discovery Genomics, Inc. 1 837,417 1 837,417 — — — —

Gel-Del Technologies, Inc. 1 1,025,888 1 1,025,888 — — — —

HealthPartners Research Foundation 1 104,536 1 104,536 — — — —

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 

Rochester

55 24,275,971 52 23,611,078 2 366,597 1 298,296
173

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, 

Inc.

2 547,679 1 304,616 — — 1 243,063

Minnesota Veterans Research Institute 1 749,132 1 749,132 — — — —

Phygen, Inc. 1 787,734 1 787,734 — — — —

Powerscope, Inc. 1 397,223 1 397,223 — — — —

University of Minnesota Twin Cities 71 32,989,803 62 28,996,003 6 1,649,133 3 2,344,667

Total Minnesota 137 63,379,565 124 58,477,809 8 2,015,730 5 2,886,026

Mississippi

Jackson Hinds Comprehensive Health Center 1 587,988 1 587,988 — — — —

Jackson State University 1 489,935 — — — — 1 489,935

Tougaloo College 1 997,467 — — — — 1 997,467

University of Mississippi Medical Center 17 10,207,727 12 5,832,896 2 100,914 3 4,273,917

University of Southern Mississippi 1 212,649 1 212,649 — — — —

Total Mississippi 21 12,495,766 14 6,633,533 2 100,914 5 5,761,319

Missouri

APT Therapeutics, Inc. 2 643,262 2 643,262 — — — —

Auxagen, Inc. 1 199,467 1 199,467 — — — —

Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City 3 528,456 3 528,456 — — — —

Mid America Heart Institute of St. Luke’s 

Hospital

1 324,088 1 324,088 — — — —

Saint Louis University 7 2,467,691 7 2,467,691 — — — —

University of Missouri, Columbia 24 8,417,913 22 8,373,975 2 43,938 — —

Washington University 104 55,200,642 96 52,026,937 7 2,895,367 1 278,338

Total Missouri 142 67,781,519 132 64,563,876 9 2,939,305 1 278,338

Montana

Montana State University, Bozeman 1 396,016 1 396,016 — — — —

University of Montana 2 355,812 1 297,776 1 58,036 — —

Total Montana 3 751,828 2 693,792 1 58,036 — —

Nebraska

Creighton University 3 661,856 3 661,856 — — — —

University of Nebraska Lincoln 1 1,868,780 1 1,868,780 — — — —

University of Nebraska Medical Center 7 3,255,575 7 3,255,575 — — — —

Total Nebraska 11 5,786,211 11 5,786,211 — — — —

Nevada

Nevada Cancer Institute 1 320,985 1 320,985 — — — —

University of Nevada Reno 8 2,008,013 7 1,980,787 1 27,226 — —

Total Nevada 9 2,328,998 8 2,301,772 1 27,226 — —
174

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

New Hampshire

Creare, Inc. 1 508,233 1 508,233 — — — —

Dartmouth College 14 5,087,300 14 5,087,300 — — — —

Xemed, LLC 1 104,747 1 104,747 — — — —

Total New Hampshire 16 5,700,280 16 5,700,280 — — — —

New Jersey

Allied Innovative Systems, LLC 1 375,169 1 375,169 — — — —

DVX, LLC 1 561,333 1 561,333 — — — —

Hackensack University Medical Center 1 444,920 1 444,920 — — — —

Menssana Research, Inc. 1 1,000,000 1 1,000,000 — — — —

Princeton Multimedia Technologies 

Corporation

2 1,277,897 2 1,277,897 — — — —

Rutgers, The State University of 

New Jersey, New Brunswick

1 234,546 1 234,546 — — — —

University of Medicine and Dentistry of 

New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School

20 9,300,488 16 8,405,073 3 693,436 1 201,979

University of Medicine and Dentistry 

of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson 

Medical School

5 3,308,365 5 3,308,365 — — — —

Vasade BioSciences, Inc. 1 393,566 1 393,566 — — — —

Total New Jersey 33 16,896,284 29 16,000,869 3 693,436 1 201,979

New Mexico

ABQMR, Inc. 1 167,183 1 167,183 — — — —

Diné College 1 371,032 1 371,032 — — — —

Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental 

Research

6 3,598,560 4 1,766,569 1 3,106 1 1,828,885

Sandia National Laboratories 1 149,127 1 149,127 — — — —

Southwest Sciences, Inc. 2 483,684 2 483,684 — — — —

University of New Mexico 13 3,796,851 10 3,388,863 3 407,988 — —

Veterans Administration Center 1 4,977,622 — — — — 1 4,977,622

Total New Mexico 25 13,544,059 19 6,326,458 4 411,094 2 6,806,507

New York

Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center 1 627,463 1 627,463 — — — —

Albany College of Pharmacy — 120,615 — 120,615 — — — —

Albany Medical College 6 1,637,978 5 1,588,358 1 49,620 — —

Albany Research Institute, Inc. 1 116,430 1 116,430 — — — —

American Thoracic Society 1 32,750 1 32,750 — — — —

Angion Biomedica Corporation 3 1,873,956 3 1,873,956 — — — —

Biomedica Management Corporation 1 103,148 1 103,148 — — — —

Cell Preservation Services, Inc. 1 206,375 1 206,375 — — — —

City College of New York 2 902,301 2 902,301 — — — —
175

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 15,000 1 15,000 — — — —

Columbia University 7 2,506,512 7 2,506,512 — — — —

Columbia University Health Sciences 84 48,414,540 74 45,049,844 8 1,347,386 2 2,017,310

Cornell University 9 4,099,219 8 4,047,171 1 52,048 — —

CUNY Graduate School and University 

Center

1 328,970 1 328,970 — — — —

Dawkins Productions, Inc. 1 163,436 1 163,436 — — — —

EndoMedix, Inc. 1 178,288 1 178,288 — — — —

Feinstein Institute for Medical Research 3 1,095,818 3 1,095,818 — — — —

Gene Network Sciences, Inc. 1 555,728 1 555,728 — — — —

Heart Valve Society of America 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

Hospital for Special Surgery 1 418,746 1 418,746 — — — —

Jarvik Heart, Inc. 1 859,238 — — — — 1 859,238

Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Inc. 2 552,938 2 552,938 — — — —

Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc. 2 1,060,923 2 1,060,923 — — — —

Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx 2 649,883 2 649,883 — — — —

Mount Sinai School of Medicine of 

New York University

22 16,756,929 21 13,761,990 — — 1 2,994,939

Narrows Institute for Biomedical Research 

Inc.

1 285,165 1 285,165 — — — —

National Hemophilia Foundation 1 2,500 1 2,500 — — — —

New York Academy of Medicine 1 523,483 1 523,483 — — — —

New York Blood Center 4 1,307,102 4 1,307,102 — — — —

New York Medical College 15 9,110,096 15 9,110,096 — — — —

New York University School of Medicine 27 11,232,092 24 10,816,255 3 415,837 — —

Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide 3 1,424,977 — — — — 3 1,424,977

Queens College 1 373,835 1 373,835 — — — —

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. — 1,000,000 — 1,000,000 — — — —

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1 357,064 1 357,064 — — — —

Rochester Institute of Technology 1 203,790 1 203,790 — — — —

Rockefeller University 6 1,814,784 4 1,715,910 2 98,874 — —

Roswell Park Cancer Institute Corporation 1 432,964 1 432,964 — — — —

Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research 5 1,018,402 5 1,018,402 — — — —

St. John’s University — 23,916 — 23,916 — — — —

St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Institute for Health 

Sciences

6 1,917,219 5 1,866,791 1 50,428 — —

State University New York at Binghamton 1 215,297 1 215,297 — — — —

State University New York at Stony Brook 9 2,936,188 9 2,936,188 — — — —

State University of New York at Buffalo 16 6,106,633 16 6,106,633 — — — —

Suny Downstate Medical Center 4 1,029,806 3 887,080 — — 1 142,726

Syracuse University 2 933,405 2 933,405 — — — —

Therasource, LLC 1 499,641 1 499,641 — — — —

Trudeau Institute, Inc. 1 424,813 1 424,813 — — — —

Union Graduate College — 80,000 — 80,000 — — — —
176

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

University of Rochester 49 20,175,205 44 18,865,337 5 1,309,868 — —

Upstate Medical University 8 6,382,063 8 6,382,063 — — — —

Visiting Nurse Service of New York 1 709,717 1 709,717 — — — —

Weill Medical College of Cornell 

University

40 23,496,620 35 21,551,199 4 421,979 1 1,523,442

Winifred Masterson Burke Medical 

Research Institute

1 450,844 1 450,844 — — — —

Yeshiva University 32 16,348,531 25 12,101,206 4 336,658 3 3,910,667

Total New York 393 194,103,336 352 177,147,339 29 4,082,698 12 12,873,299

North Carolina

Affinergy, Inc. 1 249,920 1 249,920 — — — —

Appalachian State University 1 175,792 1 175,792 — — — —

BreathQuant Medical Systems, Inc. 1 397,224 1 397,224 — — — —

Constella Group, LLC 1 709,932 — — — — 1 709,932

Duke University 112 62,976,321 98 60,265,508 11 1,909,104 3 801,709

East Carolina University 1 54,308 — — 1 54,308 — —

Ercole Biotech, Inc. 1 565,003 1 565,003 — — — —

Heart Imaging Technologies, LLC 1 561,478 1 561,478 — — — —

North Carolina Agriculture and Technical 

State University

1 210,000 1 210,000 — — — —

North Carolina Central University 4 1,101,993 4 1,101,993 — — — —

North Carolina State University 4 1,046,424 2 702,139 2 344,285 — —

Research Triangle Institute — 92,000 — 92,000 — — — —

Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc. 2 4,003,617 2 4,003,617 — — — —

RTI International 1 1,559,965 — — — — 1 1,559,965

University of North Carolina at Pembroke — 253,077 — 253,077 — — — —

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 81 42,408,152 68 34,262,012 10 2,002,462 3 6,143,678

Wake Forest University 7 5,222,451 4 1,328,339 — — 3 3,894,112

Wake Forest University Health Sciences 45 26,447,113 39 24,296,982 3 343,753 3 1,806,378

Williams LifeSkills, Inc. 2 647,864 2 647,864 — — — —

Total North Carolina 266 148,682,634 225 129,112,948 27 4,653,912 14 14,915,774

Ohio

Arteriocyte, Inc. — 37,502 — 37,502 — — — —

BIOMEC, Inc. 2 2,011,917 2 2,011,917 — — — —

Case Western Reserve University 67 23,672,485 54 18,864,909 12 3,098,633 1 1,708,943

Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 

Cincinnati

49 24,255,356 47 23,956,864 2 298,492 — —

Children’s Research Institute 4 802,772 4 802,772 — — — —

Cleveland Clinic Foundation 1 325,212 — — — — 1 325,212

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of 

Medicine of Case Western Reserve 

University

46 28,804,567 42 28,049,021 3 388,109 1 367,437

Cleveland Medical Devices, Inc. 1 591,065 1 591,065 — — — —
177

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Cleveland State University 2 516,358 2 516,358 — — — —

Kent State University at Kent 1 320,879 1 320,879 — — — —

MetroHealth Medical Center 2 371,290 1 320,012 1 51,278 — —

Northeastern Ohio Universities College 

of Medicine

— 71,000 — 71,000 — — — —

Nova-Ther Technologies 1 185,206 1 185,206 — — — —

Ohio State University 40 14,286,893 37 11,546,711 1 239,881 2 2,500,301

Ohio University Athens 1 360,688 1 360,688 — — — —

University of Akron 1 348,456 1 348,456 — — — —

University of Cincinnati 43 18,200,924 40 17,304,103 2 451,823 1 444,998

University of Toledo 2 265,471 1 219,058 1 46,413 — —

University of Toledo Health Science 

Campus

4 4,278,046 4 4,278,046 — — — —

Wright State University 4 1,275,124 3 1,162,586 1 112,538 — —

Total Ohio 271 120,981,211 242 110,947,153 23 4,687,167 6 5,346,891

Oklahoma

Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation 2 2,086,633 2 2,086,633 — — — —

Oklahoma State University Stillwater 2 643,253 2 643,253 — — — —

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences 

Center

14 5,887,880 13 5,826,244 1 61,636 — —

Total Oklahoma 18 8,617,766 17 8,556,130 1 61,636 — —

Oregon

Oregon Center for Applied Science, Inc. 1 238,964 1 238,964 — — — —

Oregon Health and Science University 33 11,525,032 30 11,085,045 3 439,987 — —

Oregon Research Institute 3 1,631,840 3 1,631,840 — — — —

Oregon State University 2 582,866 2 582,866 — — — —

Portland State University 1 362,500 1 362,500 — — — —

S P Tech 1 190,100 1 190,100 — — — —

Total Oregon 41 14,531,302 38 14,091,315 3 439,987 — —

Pennsylvania

Allegheny-Singer Research Institute 1 278,268 1 278,268 — — — —

Carnegie-Mellon University 3 913,840 2 869,195 1 44,645 — —

Children’s Hospital Pittsburgh/UPMC 

Health System

10 4,690,221 9 4,453,577 — — 1 236,644

Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 41 25,578,352 38 23,637,904 2 709,931 1 1,230,517

Drexel University 7 1,270,122 6 1,270,121 1 1 — —

Ension, Inc. 3 937,978 1 456,367 — — 2 481,611

Fox Chase Cancer Center 4 1,494,371 4 1,494,371 — — — —

Industrial Science and Technology Network 1 715,015 1 715,015 — — — —

InfraScan, Inc. 1 150,000 1 150,000 — — — —

Institute for Cancer Research 1 384,750 1 384,750 — — — —
178

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Institute for Transfusion Medicine 1 71,730 — — — — 1 71,730

Lankenau Institute for Medical Research 1 379,272 1 379,272 — — — —

Lehigh University 1 233,285 1 233,285 — — — —

Magee-Women’s Health Corporation 1 150,000 — — 1 150,000 — —

Molecular Targeting Technology, Inc. 1 752,344 1 752,344 — — — —

NanoDynamics Life Sciences, Inc. 1 99,616 — — — — 1 99,616

National Disease Research Interchange — 135,495 — 135,495 — — — —

Octagen Corporation 1 975,103 1 975,103 — — — —

Pennsylvania College of Optometry 1 338,976 1 338,976 — — — —

Pennsylvania State University, Milton S. 

Hershey Medical Center

17 10,546,956 16 10,383,198 — — 1 163,758

Pennsylvania State University-University 

Park

6 1,548,162 6 1,548,162 — — — —

PhenoTech, Inc. 1 509,519 1 509,519 — — — —

PinMed, Inc. 1 326,474 1 326,474 — — — —

PolyMedix, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Progenra, Inc. 1 269,268 1 269,268 — — — —

RNARx 1 97,396 1 97,396 — — — —

Separation Design Group, LLC 1 418,244 1 418,244 — — — —

SpeCenterasonics, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Temple University 28 9,963,651 24 9,047,726 3 552,984 1 362,941

Thomas Jefferson University 23 9,537,682 22 9,512,906 1 24,776 — —

Trustees University of Pennsylvania 1 483,373 — — — — 1 483,373

University of Pennsylvania 136 68,742,782 120 64,416,709 16 4,326,073 — —

University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh 114 52,268,421 100 47,795,981 10 1,740,102 4 2,732,338

Weis Center for Research-Geisinger Clinic 1 359,270 1 359,270 — — — —

Wistar Institute 1 1,598,718 1 1,598,718 — — — —

Total Pennsylvania 414 196,418,654 366 183,007,614 35 7,548,512 13 5,862,528

Rhode Island

Brown University 6 2,864,378 6 2,864,378 — — — —

Butler Hospital 1 498,917 1 498,917 — — — —

EpiVax, Inc. 1 263,867 1 263,867 — — — —

Gordon Research Conferences 8 93,000 8 93,000 — — — —

Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island 1 188,814 1 188,814 — — — —

Miriam Hospital 7 3,172,557 6 2,841,124 1 331,433 — —

Pro-Change Behavior Systems, Inc. 1 144,116 1 144,116 — — — —

QualityMetric, Inc. 1 778,999 1 778,999 — — — —

Rhode Island Hospital 6 3,435,007 6 3,435,007 — — — —

Roger Williams Hospital 1 121,284 1 121,284 — — — —

Women and Infants Hospital of 

Rhode Island

— 20,000 — 20,000 — — — —

Total Rhode Island 33 11,580,939 32 11,249,506 1 331,433 — —
179

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

South Carolina

Clemson University 5 973,332 5 973,332 — — — —

Medical University of South Carolina 29 12,858,559 23 9,138,927 4 861,071 2 2,858,561

University of South Carolina at Columbia 10 3,391,534 10 3,391,534 — — — —

Total South Carolina 44 17,223,425 38 13,503,793 4 861,071 2 2,858,561

South Dakota

Black Hills Center/American Indian Health 1 447,354 1 447,354 — — — —

Missouri Breaks Research, Inc. 2 1,170,869 2 1,170,869 — — — —

Sanford Research/University of 

South Dakota

1 262,338 1 262,338 — — — —

University of South Dakota 2 690,862 2 690,862 — — — —

Total South Dakota 6 2,571,423 6 2,571,423 — — — —

Tennessee

East Tennessee State University 3 775,316 3 775,316 — — — —

Meharry Medical College 5 841,702 2 327,109 3 514,593 — —

St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 9 8,782,698 7 8,286,691 — — 2 496,007

University of Memphis 3 1,371,370 3 1,371,370 — — — —

University of Tennessee Health Science 

Center

25 9,199,498 24 8,991,930 1 207,568 — —

University of Tennessee Knoxville 1 240,270 1 240,270 — — — —

Vanderbilt University 88 37,879,034 76 35,544,008 11 2,068,595 1 266,431

Veterans Administration Center 1 2,729,635 — — — — 1 2,729,635

Total Tennessee 135 61,819,523 116 55,536,694 15 2,790,756 4 3,492,073

Texas

Baylor College of Medicine 71 26,188,102 61 23,645,528 8 1,623,399 2 919,175

Baylor Research Institute — 236,605 — 236,605 — — — —

CorInnova, Inc. 1 362,360 1 362,360 — — — —

Kardia Therapeutics, Inc. 1 734,567 1 734,567 — — — —

Lynntech, Inc. 3 964,615 3 964,615 — — — —

Methodist Hospital Research Institute 3 884,117 3 884,117 — — — —

Millar Instruments, Inc. 1 372,515 1 372,515 — — — —

Organizational Wellness and Learning 

System

1 370,553 1 370,553 — — — —

Rice University 4 1,043,931 4 1,043,931 — — — —

Scott and White Memorial Hospital 1 136,080 1 136,080 — — — —

Southwest Foundation for Biomedical 

Research

6 6,069,584 5 5,603,467 — — 1 466,117

Texas A&M University Health Science 

Center

9 4,488,606 9 4,488,606 — — — —

Texas A&M University System 2 409,520 2 409,520 — — — —

Texas Agricultural Experiment Station 3 1,044,516 3 1,044,516 — — — —
180

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Texas Engineering Experiment Station 2 296,825 2 296,825 — — — —

Texas Heart Institute 1 400,607 1 400,607 — — — —

Texas Southern University 1 417,142 1 417,142 — — — —

Texas Tech University Health Sciences 

Center

2 462,485 2 462,485 — — — —

University of Houston 1 634,836 1 634,836 — — — —

University of North Texas 1 342,530 1 342,530 — — — —

University of North Texas Health Science 

Center

4 1,090,879 3 974,980 1 115,899 — —

University of Texas at Austin 1 225,000 1 225,000 — — — —

University of Texas at Dallas 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

University of Texas Health Center at Tyler 8 3,289,238 8 3,289,238 — — — —

University of Texas Health Science Center 

at Houston

23 15,595,994 23 15,595,994 — — — —

University of Texas Health Science Center 

at San Antonio

18 6,900,112 15 6,452,185 3 447,927 — —

University of Texas M. D. Anderson 

Cancer Center

7 2,029,146 7 2,029,146 — — — —

University of Texas Medical Branch at 

Galveston

10 4,239,632 8 2,801,426 1 85,633 1 1,352,573

University of Texas at San Antonio 2 253,222 1 212,250 1 40,972 — —

University of Texas Southwestern Medical 

Center

52 26,423,237 47 22,748,584 3 1,061,423 2 2,613,230

Total Texas 240 106,176,556 217 97,450,208 17 3,375,253 6 5,351,095

Utah

Applied Medical Visualizations, LLC 1 358,124 1 358,124 — — — —

Frontier Scientific, Inc. 1 435,229 1 435,229 — — — —

IHC Health Services, Inc. 1 568,246 1 568,246 — — — —

LDS Hospital 1 316,196 — — — — 1 316,196

Medical Physics, Inc. 1 105,732 1 105,732 — — — —

Thrombodyne, Inc. 1 891,227 1 891,227 — — — —

University of Utah 46 15,152,913 40 14,119,854 5 736,406 1 296,653

Utah Artificial Heart Institute 1 1,144,139 1 1,144,139 — — — —

Total Utah 53 18,971,806 46 17,622,551 5 736,406 2 612,849

Vermont

Haematologic Technologies, Inc. 1 351,562 1 351,562 — — — —

Psychological Applications, LLC 1 444,199 1 444,199 — — — —

University of Vermont and State 

Agricultural College

38 15,404,483 32 13,756,622 5 1,393,898 1 253,963

Total Vermont 40 16,200,244 34 14,552,383 5 1,393,898 1 253,963

Virginia

American Psychosomatic Society 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

College of William and Mary 1 216,000 1 216,000 — — — —
181

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

CW Optics, Inc. 3 1,786,560 3 1,786,560 — — — —

Eastern Virginia Medical School 1 311,885 1 311,885 — — — —

Empirical Technologies Corporation 2 464,342 2 464,342 — — — —

Information Systems Associates, Inc. 1 100,023 1 100,023 — — — —

Luna Innovations, Inc. 2 299,881 1 199,970 — — 1 99,911

Mcguire Research Institute, Inc. 1 275,897 1 275,897 — — — —

Talisman, Ltd. 1 948,035 1 948,035 — — — —

The Lewin Group 1 649,376 — — — — 1 649,376

University of Virginia, Charlottesville 48 23,674,896 42 21,953,851 6 1,721,045 — —

Virginia Commonwealth University 15 4,391,889 14 4,175,044 1 216,845 — —

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and 

State University

1 268,635 1 268,635 — — — —

Total Virginia 78 33,397,419 69 30,710,242 7 1,937,890 2 749,287

Washington

Asthma, Inc. 1 182,126 1 182,126 — — — —

Axio Research, LLC 1 4,536,322 1 4,536,322 — — — —

Battelle Centers for Public Health Research 

and Evaluation

1 191,840 1 191,840 — — — —

Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories 1 1,876,275 1 1,876,275 — — — —

Center for Health Studies 1 509,185 1 509,185 — — — —

Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical 

Center

6 2,534,043 6 2,534,043 — — — —

E.I. SpeCentera, LLC 1 351,076 1 351,076 — — — —

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 23 18,413,401 19 13,372,118 — — 4 5,041,283

Insilicos 1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

Institute for Systems Biology 2 2,494,833 1 123,535 — — 1 2,371,298

Puget Sound Blood Center 4 2,620,434 3 2,562,898 1 57,536 — —

Syntrix Biosystems, Inc. 1 705,130 1 705,130 — — — —

University of Washington 127 75,829,117 109 62,646,033 12 3,410,178 6 9,772,906

VA Puget Sound Health Care System 1 119,975 — — — — 1 119,975

VPDiagnostics, Inc. 1 991,848 1 991,848 — — — —

Washington State University 3 1,169,731 3 1,169,731 — — — —

Total Washington 175 112,725,336 150 91,952,160 13 3,467,714 12 17,305,462

West Virginia

Marshall University 1 331,863 1 331,863 — — — —

West Virginia University 11 3,254,400 10 3,220,366 1 34,034 — —

Total West Virginia 12 3,586,263 11 3,552,229 1 34,034 — —

Wisconsin

American Society of Gene Therapy 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

BellBrook Labs, LLC 1 301,884 1 301,884 — — — —

BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Inc. 7 4,597,552 6 4,090,302 — — 1 507,250

Cellular Dynamics International, Inc. 1 249,898 1 249,898 — — — —
182

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Marquette University 2 461,925 2 461,925 — — — —

Medical College of Wisconsin 63 36,020,929 59 34,043,910 3 587,037 1 1,389,982

Society of Behavioral Medicine — 10,000 — 10,000 — — — —

SysLogic, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

University of Wisconsin-Madison 50 18,334,720 45 16,980,297 5 1,354,423 — —

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 1 221,550 1 221,550 — — — —

Total Wisconsin 127 60,308,458 117 56,469,766 8 1,941,460 2 1,897,232

Puerto Rico

Universidad Central Del Caribe 1 102,720 1 102,720 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez — 172,445 — 172,445 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences 

Campus

— 415,264 — 415,264 — — — —

Total Puerto Rico 1 690,429 1 690,429 — — — —

Total U.S. 5,301 $2,560,436,846 4,651 $2,252,341,018 444 $93,533,636 206 $214,562,192

Australia

Baker Heart Research Institute 1 259,840 1 259,840 — — — —

James Cook University of North Queensland 1 256,009 1 256,009 — — — —

St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne Ltd. 1 204,807 1 204,807 — — — —

University of Melbourne 1 189,636 1 189,636 — — — —

Walter and Elizabeth Hall Institute 

Medical Research

2 491,962 2 491,962 — — — —

Total Australia 6 1,402,254 6 1,402,254 — — — —

Canada

Clinical Research Institute of Montreal 1 281,609 1 281,609 — — — —

Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto 3 577,988 3 577,988 — — — —

McGill University 1 139,761 1 139,761 — — — —

McMaster University 1 7,358,368 — — — — 1 7,358,368

Montreal Heart Institute 2 512,170 2 512,170 — — — —

Ottawa Health Research Institute 1 172,495 1 172,495 — — — —

St. Michael’s Hospital 1 196,566 1 196,566 — — — —

University Health Network 3 522,721 2 470,673 1 52,048 — —

University of Alberta 3 196,133 3 196,133 — — — —

University of British Columbia 1 256,009 1 256,009 — — — —

University of Calgary 2 358,707 2 358,707 — — — —

University of Montreal 2 439,144 2 439,144 — — — —

University of Toronto — 80,000 — 80,000 — — — —

University of Western Ontario 1 201,669 1 201,669 — — — —

Total Canada 22 11,293,340 20 3,882,924 1 52,048 1 7,358,368
183

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training

and Career

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Hungary

Eötvös Loránd University — 37,927 — 37,927 — — — —

Total Hungary — 37,927 — 37,927 — — — —

Iceland

Decode Genetics, Inc. 1 539,544 1 539,544 — — — —

Total Iceland 1 539,544 1 539,544 — — — —

Israel

Technion-Israel Institute of Technology — 62,921 — 62,921 — — — —

Total Israel — 62,921 — 62,921 — — — —

Netherlands

Wageningen University 1 464,956 1 464,956 — — — —

Total Netherlands 1 464,956 1 464,956 — — — —

New Zealand

Auckland UniServices Limited 2 208,351 2 208,351 — — — —

Total New Zealand 2 208,351 2 208,351 — — — —

Sweden

Uppsala University 1 153,605 1 153,605 — — — —

Total Sweden 1 153,605 1 153,605 — — — —

United Kingdom

Imperial College London 1 649,798 — — — — 1 649,798

Royal Free and University College 

Medical School

1 203,670 1 203,670 — — — —

St. Mary’s Hospital Newport 1 446,667 1 446,667 — — — —

University College London 1 177,885 1 177,885 — — — —

University of Bristol 1 531,913 1 531,913 — — — —

University of Cambridge 1 262,170 1 262,170 — — — —

Total United Kingdom 6 2,272,103 5 1,622,305 — — 1 649,798

Total, Other 39 $ 16,435,001 36 $ 8,374,787 1 $ 52,048 2 $ 8,008,166

Grand Total 5,340 $2,576,871,847 4,687 $2,260,715,805 445 $93,585,684 208 $222,570,358

Appendixes

Types of Research Activity

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

Index

187

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

Types of Research Activity

Research Projects

Research Project Grants (R01): To support discrete and specific projects to be performed by one or 

several investigators in areas of the investigator’s 

particular interests and competencies.

Research Projects (Cooperative Agreements) 

(U01): To support discrete, circumscribed projects 

in areas of an investigator’s specific interest and 

competency involving substantial programmatic 

participation by the NHLBI during performance 

of the activity.

Research Program (Cooperative Agreement) 

(U19): To support a research program of multiple 

projects, requiring a broadly-based, multidisciplinary 

and often long-term approach, directed toward a specific major objective, common theme, or program 

goal relevant to the Institute’s mission. The award 

involves substantial programmatic involvement by 

NHLBI staff to assist investigators during performance of the research activities.

Research Program Projects (P01): To support 

broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term 

research projects that have specific major objectives 

or basic themes directed toward a well-defined 

research program goal. Usually, a relatively large, 

organized group of researchers conducts individual 

subprojects, the results of which help achieve objectives of the program project.

Small Research Grants (R03): To provide limited 

support for extended analyses of research data generated by clinical trials, population research, and demonstration and education studies.

Academic Research Enhancement Awards 

(AREA) (R15): To support small-scale research 

projects conducted by faculty in primarily baccalaureate degree-granting domestic institutions. Awards 

are for up to $75,000 for direct costs (plus applicable 

indirect costs) for periods not to exceed 36 months.

Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21): To 

encourage the development of new research activities in heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders program areas.

Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R33): To provide phase II support for innovative exploratory and 

developmental research activities initiated under the 

R21 mechanism.

Method To Extend Research in Time (MERIT) 

Award (R37): To provide long-term research grant 

support to investigators whose research competency 

and productivity are distinctly superior and thus are 

likely to continue to perform in an outstanding 

manner. Investigators may not apply for a MERIT 

award; instead, they are selected by the NHLBI on 

the basis of their current grant applications and their 

present and past grant support.

NIH Director’s Pioneer Award (DP1): To support 

individual scientists of exceptional creativity who 

propose pioneering approaches to major contemporary challenges in biomedical research. 

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase I (R41): To support cooperative 

R&D projects between small business concerns and 

research institutions, limited in time and amount, to 

establish the technical merit and feasibility of ideas 

that have potential for commercialization. Awards 

are made to small business concerns only.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase II (R42): To support in-depth 

development of cooperative R&D projects between 

small business concerns and research institutions, 

limited in time and amount, whose feasibility has 

been established in phase I and that have potential 

for commercialization. Awards are made to small 

business concerns only.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) 

Grants, Phase I (R43): To support projects, limited 

in time and amount, to establish the technical merit 
188

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

and feasibility of research and development ideas that 

may ultimately lead to commercial products or services.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants, 

Phase II (R44): To support research project ideas that 

have been shown to be feasible in phase I and that are 

likely to result in commercially marketable products or 

services.

Research Centers

Exploratory Grants (P20): To support planning for 

new programs, expansion or modification of existing 

resources, and feasibility studies to explore various 

approaches to the development of interdisciplinary 

programs that offer potential solutions to problems of 

special significance to the mission of the NHLBI.

Center Core Grants (P30): To support shared 

resources and facilities for basic, clinical, behavioral, 

and translational research in the prevention, detection, 

and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. 

Animal (Mammalian and Nonmammalian) Model 

and Animal and Material Resource Grant (P40): To 

develop and support animal models, or animal or biological materials resources. Nonmammalian resources 

include nonmammalian vertebrates, invertebrates, cell 

systems, and nonbiological systems.

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research 

(SCCOR) Grants (P50): To foster multidisciplinary 

research on clinically relevant questions enabling basic 

science findings to be applied more rapidly to clinical 

problems. Research focuses on clinical and basic scientific issues related to diseases and disorders that are relevant to the mission of the NHLBI. The SCCOR program 

places more emphasis on clinical research than the 

SCOR program and requires at least 50 percent of the 

funded projects to be clinical.

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) Grants 

(P50): To support both basic and clinical research 

related to an Institute-identified theme. Each SCOR program is developed to assure interactions between basic 

and clinical scientists that will enhance the transfer of 

fundamental research findings to a clinical setting. 

Comprehensive Specialized Research Center Grants 

(U54): To support a large, interrelated biomedical 

research program focused on a disorder within the 

Institute’s mandate; to initiate and expand community 

education, screening, and counseling programs; and to 

educate medical and allied health professionals concerning problems of diagnosis and treatment of specific diseases such as sickle cell anemia.

Research Career Programs

Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K01): To support underrepresented 

minority faculty members with varying levels of research 

experience to prepare them for research careers as independent investigators.

Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research 

Ethics (K01): To provide support for training in 

research ethics for health professionals working at academic and other health-related institutions in biomedical, 

behavioral, or public health research, particularly 

research involving human participants.

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research 

Scientist Development Award (K01): To support faculty members at minority institutions who have the interest and potential to conduct state-of-the-art research in 

cardiovascular, pulmonary, or hematologic disease or in 

sleep disorders.

Independent Scientist Award (K02): To enhance the 

research capability of promising individuals in the formative stages of their careers of independent research in the 

sciences related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood 

resources; and sleep disorders.

Research Career Development Award (K04): To foster the development of young scientists with outstanding 

research potential for careers of independent research in 

the sciences related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and 

blood resources. New grants are no longer awarded.

Research Career Award (K06): To assist institutions in 

supporting established investigators of high competency 

for the duration of their careers. New grants are no 

longer awarded.

Academic Award (K07): To support an individual with 

an academic appointment to introduce or improve a 

disease curriculum that will enhance the academic or 

research environment of the applicant institution as well 
189

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Types of Research Activity

as further the individual’s own career. This award series 

included the Preventive Cardiology Academic Award, 

the Preventive Pulmonary Academic Award, the 

Transfusion Medicine Academic Award, the Systemic 

Pulmonary and Vascular Diseases Academic Awards, the 

Asthma Academic Award, the Tuberculosis Academic 

Award, the Sleep Academic Award, and the Nutrition 

Academic Award. Currently, the Cultural Competence 

and Health Disparities Academic Award program is 

being supported.

Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08): To 

provide an opportunity for clinically trained physicians 

to develop research skills and gain experience in 

advanced research methods and experimental approaches 

in basic and applied sciences relevant to cardiovascular, 

pulmonary, and hematological diseases. This award was 

developed to encourage clinical investigators to engage 

in research in specific areas designated by the Institute.

Research Career Development Program in Vascular 

Medicine (K12): To promote comprehensive clinical 

research training for physicians wanting to specialize in 

vascular medicine. The goal is to prepare clinicians for 

academic roles in mentoring and leadership in clinical 

research in vascular medicine.

Research Career Development Program in Clinical 

Hematology (K12): To develop and evaluate multidisciplinary career development programs in clinical 

hematology research that will equip new academic 

researchers with the knowledge and skills to address 

complex problems in blood diseases, transfusion medicine, and cellular therapies.

Research Career Development Program in the 

Genetics and Genomics of Lung Diseases (K12): To 

develop multidisciplinary career development programs 

in genetics and genomics of lung diseases that will equip 

new investigators with the knowledge and skills to elucidate the etiology and pathogenesis of such diseases.

Minority School Faculty Development Award (K14): 

To develop faculty investigators at minority schools and 

enhance their research capabilities in areas related to 

heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; and 

sleep disorders. New grants are no longer awarded.

Research Development Award for Minority Faculty 

(K14): To encourage the development of minority 

faculty investigators and enhance their research 

capabilities in areas related to cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood health and disease; transfusion medicine; and sleep 

disorders. New grants are no longer awarded.

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

(K18): To enable established investigators to acquire 

new research capabilities in the use of human or animal 

embryonic, adult, or cord blood stem cells. All candidates must have a sponsor, either within their own or at 

another institution, who is a well-qualified stem cell 

expert to serve as a mentor.

NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22): To support 

the postdoctoral research training of an outstanding 

individual in an NHLBI intramural laboratory for up to 

3 years and subsequently, to support the individual’s 

successful transition from postdoctoral research to an 

extramural environment as an independent researcher.

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career 

Development Award (K23): To provide support for 

career development to investigators who have made a 

commitment to focus their research endeavors on patientoriented research. 

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24): To provide support for clinicians to 

allow them “protected time” to devote to patient-oriented 

research and to act as mentors for beginning clinical 

investigators. 

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development 

Award (K25): To provide support to investigators with 

quantitative science or engineering backgrounds who 

have made a commitment to focus their research on basic 

or clinical biomedicine, bioengineering, bioimaging, or 

behavioral sciences.

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (CRCA) (K30): 

To stimulate inclusion of high-quality, multidisciplinary 

didactic training in fundamental skills, methodology, 

theories, and conceptualization as part of the career 

development of clinical investigators.

Career Transition Award (K99/R00): To provide up to 

5 years support in two phases to highly promising postdoctoral scientists to pursue research relevant to the 

Institute. The K99 phase consists of 1 to 2 years mentored support followed by up to 3 years of independent 
190

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

support (R00) contingent on securing an independent 

research position. Award recipients will be expected to 

compete successfully for independent research grant support from the NIH or other Institutions during the independence phase to ensure continued support and a 

smooth transition to independence.

Other Research Grants

Scientific Evaluation (R09): To provide funds to the 

chairman of an initial review group for operation of the 

review group.

Resource-Related Research Projects (R24): To support research projects that will enhance the capability of 

resources to serve biomedical research in areas related to 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood health and diseases; 

blood resources; and sleep disorders. 

Cooperative Clinical Research (R10) (U10): To support studies and evaluations of relevant clinical problems. These grants usually involve collaborative efforts 

among several institutions and principal investigators 

and are conducted under a formal protocol.

Conference Grants (R13): To support national and 

international scientific meetings, conferences, or workshops at which research is discussed.

Research Demonstration and Education Projects 

(R18): To provide support designed to develop, test, and 

evaluate health-related activities and to foster application 

of existing knowledge to the control of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders.

Education Projects (R25): To provide support for the 

development and implementation of a program as it 

relates to a category in one or more of the areas of education, information, training, technical assistance, coordination, or evaluation.

Minority Biomedical Research Support Grants 

(S06):To strengthen the biomedical research and 

research training capability of minority institutions and 

to assist in increasing the involvement of minority faculty and students in biomedical research.

Pilot Project Award (SC2): To support underrepresentative minorities who are at the beginning stages of a 

research career and interested in testing a new idea or 

generating preliminary data, or who are more experienced investigators and interested in switching to a different field of research.

Continuing Education Training Grant (T15): To 

assist professional schools and other public and nonprofit 

institutions to establish, expand, or improve programs of 

continuing professional education, especially for programs dealing with new scientific developments.

Scientific Review and Evaluation (U09): To support an 

initial Scientific Review Group responsible for the 

assessment of scientific and technical merit of grant 

applications.

Resource-Related Research Projects (U24): To support research projects contributing to improvement of the 

capability of resources to serve biomedical research.

National Swine Research and Resource Center (U42): 

To support a National Swine Research and Resource 

Center that will serve as a resource for depositing, maintaining, preserving, and distributing swine models for 

studies of human diseases, as well as cryopreservation, 

storage, and reconstitution of embryos and germplasm.

Historical Black College and University Scientist 

Award (UH1): To strengthen and augment the human 

resources at historically black colleges and universities 

(HBCU) by recruiting an established research scientist 

into their biomedical or behavioral sciences department; 

to enhance the career of the recruited research scientist; 

and to strengthen other HBCU resources for the conduct 

of biomedical or behavioral research in areas related to 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood health and disease; transfusion medicine; and sleep disorders.

Individual National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA) 

Predoctoral Individual NRSA (F31): To provide predoctoral individuals with supervised research training in 

areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood 

resources; and sleep disorders leading toward the 

research degree (e.g., Ph.D.).

Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32): To provide postdoctoral research training to individuals to broaden their 

scientific background and extend their potential for 

research in areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and blood resources.
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Types of Research Activity

NRSA for Senior Fellows (F33): To provide experienced scientists with an opportunity to make major 

changes in the direction of their research careers, to 

broaden their scientific background, to acquire new 

research capabilities, to enlarge their command of an 

allied research field, or to take time from regular professional responsibilities for the purpose of broadening their 

research capabilities.

Institutional National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA)

Institutional NRSA (T32): To enable institutions to 

make awards to individuals selected by them for predoctoral and postdoctoral research training in areas related 

to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; and 

sleep disorders.

Minority Institutional Research Training Program 

(T32M): To support full-time research training for 

investigative careers at minority schools in areas of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic diseases and 

sleep disorders. Graduate students, postdoctoral 

students, or health professions students may be supported 

under this program.

MARC Undergraduate NRSA Institutional Grants 

(T34): To support institutional training grants for underrepresented minority undergraduates to obtain research 

training and improve their preparation for graduate training in the biomedical and behavioral sciences.

NRSA Short-Term Research Training (T35 and 

T35M): To provide individuals with research training 

during off-quarters or summer periods to encourage 

research careers or to encourage research in areas of 

national need. This program includes the Short-Term 

Training for Minority Students Program and short-term 

training for students in health professional schools.

MARC Visiting Professors for Minority Institutions 

(T36): To increase the number of well-trained minority 

scientists in biomedical disciplines and to strengthen 

the research and teaching capabilities of minority 

institutions.

Other Support

Research and Development Contracts (N01): To 

develop or apply new knowledge or test, screen, or 

evaluate a product, material, device, or component for 

use by the scientific community.

Small Business Innovation Research (N43): To support projects, limited in time and amount, to establish the 

technical merit and feasibility of R&D ideas that may 

ultimately lead to a commercial product(s) or service(s).

NIH Inter-Agency Agreements (Y01): To provide a 

source of funds to another Federal Agency to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

NIH Intra-Agency Agreements (Y02): To provide a 

source of funds to another NIH component to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

Minority Research Supplements Programs: To provide supplemental funds to active NHLBI grants to support the research of minority high school, undergraduate, 

and graduate students; postdoctoral trainees; and 

investigators.

193

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACCORD Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk 

in Diabetes

ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme

ACRN Asthma Clinical Research Network

AI/AN American Indian/Alaska Native

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AMI acute myocardial infarction

APPLES Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term 

Efficacy Study

ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome

ARDSNet Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 

Clinical Network

ARIC Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities

ATP III Adult Treatment Panel III

BABY HUG Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical 

Trial

BARI 2D Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics

BEE Board of Extramural Experts

CABG coronary artery bypass graft

CAMP–CS/ Childhood Asthma Management

Phase II Program–Continuation Study/Phase II

CARDIA Coronary Artery Risk Development in 

Young Adults

CARE Childhood Asthma Research and 

Education Network

CDC Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention

CF cystic fibrosis

CHD coronary heart disease

CHS Cardiovascular Health Study

CIHR Canadian Institutes of Health Research

COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CORAL Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions

CSCC Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers

CTOT Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation

CVD cardiovascular diseases

DARD Division for the Application of Research 

Discoveries

DASH Dietary Approaches To Stop 

Hypertension

DBDR Division of Blood Diseases and 

Resources

DCVD Division of Cardiovascular Diseases

DECA Division of Epidemiology and Clinical 

Applications

DERA Division of Extramural Research Affairs

DHVD Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases

DIR Division of Intramural Research

DLD Division of Lung Diseases

DPPS Division of Prevention and Population 

Sciences

ESCAPE Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart 

Failure and Pulmonary Artery 

Catheterization Effectiveness

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
194

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

FOCUS Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular 

Patients Undergoing Surgical Hip 

Fracture Repair

FY fiscal year

GEMS Girls Health Enrichment Multisite 

Studies

GENTAC Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic 

Aneurysms and Other Cardiovascular 

Conditions

GOCADAN Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in 

Alaska Natives

GTRP Gene Therapy Resource Program

HAT Home Automatic External Defibrillator 

Trial

HBCU historically black college and university

HBV hepatitis B virus

HCHS Hispanic Community Health Study

HCV hepatitis C virus

HDL high-density lipoprotein

HF-ACTION Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial 

Investigation Outcomes of Exercise 

Training

HEW Department of Health, Education, and 

Welfare (now HHS)

HHS Health and Human Services (formerly 

HEW)

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

HTLV human T-lymphotropic virus

ICD International Classification of Diseases

IMMEDIATE Immediate Myocardial Metabolic 

Enhancement During Initial Assessment 

and Treatment in Emergency Care

JHS Jackson Heart Study

JNC V Fifth Report of the Joint National 

Committee on the Detection, Evaluation, 

and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

LDL low-density lipoprotein

MARC Minority Access to Research Careers

MESA Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

NAEPP National Asthma Education and 

Prevention Program

NCEP National Cholesterol Education Program

NCHS National Center for Health Statistics

NCI National Cancer Institute

NCSDR National Center on Sleep Disorders 

Research

NHAAP National Heart Attack Alert Program

NHANES National Health and Nutrition 

Examination Survey

NHBPEP National High Blood Pressure Education 

Program

NHI National Heart Institute

NHLBAC National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Advisory Council

NHLBI National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute (formerly NHI and NHLI)

NHLI National Heart and Lung Institute

NIA National Institute on Aging

NIAMS National Institute of Arthritis and 

Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases 

NICHD National Institute of Child Health and 

Human Development

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
195

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

NIDDK National Institute of Diabetes and 

Digestive and Kidney Diseases

NIH National Institutes of Health

NINDS National Institute of Neurological 

Disorders and Stroke

NRSA National Research Service Award

OAT Occluded Artery Trial

OEI Obesity Education Initiative

OPEC Office of Prevention, Education, and 

Control

ORTMH Office of Research Training and 

Minority Health

OSA obstructive sleep apnea

PA Program Announcement

PAD peripheral artery disease

PGA Programs for Genomic Applications

PHS Public Health Service

PIOPED Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis

POUNDS Preventing Overweight Using Novel

LOST Dietary Strategies

PROGENI Programs in Gene by Environment 

Interaction

REDS Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study

RFA Request for Applications

RFP Request for Proposals

RPG research project grant

SANDS Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics 

Study

SBIR Small Business Innovation Research

SCD sickle cell disease

SCCOR Specialized Center of Clinically 

Oriented Research

SCOR Specialized Center of Research

SDB sleep disordered breathing

SEP Special Emphasis Panel

SES socioeconomic status

SHARE SNP Health Association Resource

SNP single nucleotide polymorphism

STICH Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart 

Failure

STTR Small Business Technology Transfer

SWITCH Stroke With Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea

TAAG Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls

TB tuberculosis

TOPCAT Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists 

Therapy in Adults With Ejection 

Fraction Congestive Heart Failure

WHI Women’s Health Initiative

WLM Weight Loss Maintenance

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

197

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Index

Index

A

Abbreviated Staff Directory, 1–6

Abbreviations, 193–195

Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes 

(ACCORD), 118, 122, 123, 146

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network 

(ARDSNET), 119, 122, 128

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent Vascular Events, 

81, 83, 115, 116

Ancillary Studies in Clinical Trials, 50, 151

Anemia in the Elderly, 52

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study (APPLES), 

82, 91, 116, 117, 150

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), Phase II, 85, 91, 

121, 122, 128, 148

Atherosclerosis, Plaque, and CVD in Communities, 81, 83

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 104–105, 136

B

Bioengineering Approaches to Energy Balance and Obesity, 51

Bioengineering Research Grants, 51

Bioengineering Research Partnerships, 51

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network, 82, 

94, 121, 122, 131, 152

Budget History, FY 1950–2007, 67

Budget Overview, Obligations by Funding Mechanism, 

FY 2007, 63–65

Blood Diseases and Resources Program, 65

Cardiovascular Diseases Program, 64

Extramural Program, 64

Lung Diseases Program, 65

Prevention and Population Sciences Program, 64

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 

Diabetics (BARI 2D), 81, 83, 114, 117, 146

C

Candidate Gene Association Resource, 104, 105

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network, 49, 81, 83, 

121, 122, 123

Cardiovascular Diseases Program, obligations by funding 

mechanism, 64

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), 104, 105, 136

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Events Follow-Up Study, 

81, 83–84

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions 

(CORAL), 81, 84, 115, 117

Cardiovascular Research Network in Community-Based Care, 

49

Career Development Program in the Genetics and Genomics of 

Lung Diseases, 50

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research, 51

Center for Human Cell Therapy, 82, 95

Centers for AIDS Research Program, 63, 65, 75, 101

Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities, 82, 91–92, 148

Centers of Excellence in Translational Human Stem Cell 

Research, 96, 100

Childhood Asthma Management Program–Continuation Study 

(CAMP–CS)/Phase 3, 82, 92, 116, 117

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network, 

82, 92, 121, 122, 129, 148

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Subpopulations and 

Intermediate Outcome Measures, 54

Claudication Exercise vs. Edoluminal Revascularization, 81, 

84, 115, 117

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation 

Outcomes, 81, 84, 120, 122, 123–124

Clinical Research Education and Career Development in 

Minority Institutions, 51–52

Clinical Trial of Acid Reflux Therapy in Asthma, 82, 92

Clinical Trials (See also individual trials), 113–133

Institute-initiated: contracts, FY 1997–2007, 118–119

cooperative agreements, FY 1997–2007, 120–121

summary by program, FY 2007, 122

Investigator-initiated, FY 1997–2007, 113–116

summary by program, FY 2007, 117

Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation (CTOT), 120, 122, 124

Collaborative Program in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, 82, 

92–93
198

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Index

Collaborative Studies on Lung Stem Cell Biology and 

Cell-Based Therapy, 50

Community-Responsive Intervention To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in American Indians and Alaska 

Natives, 81, 84, 120, 122, 124, 138

Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers Program, 63, 65, 75, 100, 

151

Computational Modeling for Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep 

Biologists: Introductory Courses, 51

Contract obligations (See Research and development contracts)

Cooperative Agreements, 75, 81–82, 113–117, 120–121, 122, 

123–133

COPD Clinical Research Network, 82, 93, 121, 122, 129

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults 

(CARDIA), 104, 105, 136, 144

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities Academic Award, 

75, 138, 159, 160

D

Design and Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies, 81, 

84–85

Directed Stem Cell Differentiation for Cell-Based Therapies for 

Heart, Lung, Blood, and Aging Diseases, 52

Disease statistics 

adult population with hypertension, 45

death rates for cardiovascular diseases, 29, 33, 35

death rates for heart diseases, 29, 33, 35, 36, 37

death rates for lung diseases, 30, 39, 41, 42

death rates for stroke, 36

deaths attributed to heart failure, 35

deaths by major causes, 31

deaths from blood diseases, 30, 31, 32

deaths from cardiovascular diseases, 29, 31, 32, 33

deaths from lung diseases, 30, 31, 32, 40

discharged dead from hospital with cardiovascular and lung 

diseases, 37

economic costs of illness, 29, 30, 47

hospitalization rates for heart failure, 30, 46

percent change in age-adjusted death rates for selected 

causes, 39

persons experiencing asthma episodes in previous 12 

months, 46

physician office visits for sleep disorders, 42

prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, 44

prevalence of common cardiovascular and lung diseases, 43, 

44

ten leading causes of death, 34

ten leading causes of death among minority groups, 34

Division for the Application of Research Discoveries, 15–16

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, 12–13

Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, 8, 10–11

Division of Intramural Research, 14–15

Division of Lung Diseases, 11–12

Division of Prevention and Population Sciences, 13–14

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping, 104, 106

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 

81, 85

E

Early Antipseudomonal Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis, 82, 93

Effect of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination/Bias on Health Care 

Delivery, 52–53

Employment, FY 1997–2007, 70

Environmental Pathways and Susceptibility: Comparative 

Biology Elucidation, 53

Exploratory/Developmental Bioengineering Research Grants, 

52

Exploratory/Developmental Research Grants, 52

Extramural research funding

dollars funded by funding mechanism, FY 1997–2007, 70, 

72, 73, 75

percentage trends by funding mechanism, FY 1997–2007, 72, 

74

F

Family Blood Pressure Program, 81, 85, 140

Framingham Heart Study, 20, 22, 104, 106

Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients Undergoing 

Surgical Hip Fracture Repair (FOCUS), 82, 95, 116, 117

Funding of grants, contracts, and training by:

foreign country and institution, FY 2007:

Australia, 182; Canada, 183; Hungary, 183; Iceland, 183; 

Israel, 183; Netherlands, 183; Sweden, 183; United 

Kingdom, 183

state or territory and institution, FY 2007:

Alabama, 164; Arizona, 164; Arkansas, 164; California, 

164–166; Colorado, 166; Connecticut, 166–167; Delaware, 

167; District of Columbia, 167; Florida, 167; Georgia, 168; 

Hawaii, 168; Illinois, 168; Indiana, 168; Iowa, 169; 

Kansas, 169; Kentucky, 169; Louisiana, 169; Maine, 169; 

Maryland, 169–171; Massachusetts, 171–172; Michigan, 

172; Minnesota, 172–173; Mississippi, 173; Missouri, 173; 

Montana, 173; Nebraska, 173; Nevada, 173; New 
199

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Index

Hampshire, 174; New Jersey, 174; New Mexico, 174; New 

York, 174–176; North Carolina, 176; Ohio, 176–177; 

Oklahoma, 177; Oregon, 177; Pennsylvania, 177–178; 

Rhode Island, 178; South Carolina, 179; South Dakota, 

179; Tennessee, 179; Texas, 179–180; Utah, 180; Vermont, 

180; Virginia, 180–181; Washington, 181; West Virginia, 

181; Wisconsin, 181–182; Puerto Rico, 182

G

Genetic Epidemiology of COPD, 82, 93

Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Other 

Cardiovascular Conditions (GENTAC): National Registry, 

104, 106

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives 

(GOCADAN), 81, 85, 137

Genome-Wide Association Studies To Identify Genetic 

Components That Relate to Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Disorders, 51, 147, 151

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies (GEMS), 81, 85–86, 

115, 120, 143

H

Heart Failure: A Control Trial Investigating Outcomes of 

Exercise Training (HF-ACTION), 81, 86, 114, 117

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network, 81, 86, 120, 122, 

124–125

Heterogeneity of Fat Depots: Underlying Basis and 

Association With Morbidity, 53

Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS), 104, 106–107, 

137

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial (HAT), 81. 86, 

114

I

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network, 82, 

93, 121, 122, 129–130

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial Metabolic 

Enhancement During Initial Assessment and Treatment in 

Emergency Care, 81, 86–87, 115

Important events in NHLBI history, 17–27

Improved Measures of Diet and Physical Activity for the Genes 

and Environment Initiative, 53, 81, 87

Independent Scientist Award, 52

Individual National Research Service Awards (NRSA), 155, 

156, 157, 158, 188–189

Individual Predoctoral Fellowships To Promote Diversity in 

Health-Related Research, 53

Innovative Applications of Nanotechnology to Heart, Lung, 

Blood, and Sleep Disorders, 53

J

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), 104, 107, 136

L

Longitudinal Studies of HIV-Associated Lung Infections and 

Complications, 50

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT), 50, 119, 122, 130

Lung Diseases Program, obligations by funding mechanism, 65

Lung Tissue Research Consortium, 104, 109

M

Maintenance of Animals for Hepatitis or AIDS Research, 104, 

110

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository, 104, 

110

Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Career Development 

Award, 52

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award, 

52, 75, 159, 160

Methods of Analysis of Gene-Environment Interactions in 

Complex Diseases: The Genes and Environment Initiative, 

53

Minority Activities, 135–153

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 104, 107, 137

N

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council, 55; 

membership, 56

National Research Service Award for Individual Postdoctoral 

Fellows, 52

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigations in 

Cardiovascular Medicine, 54, 81, 87, 121, 122, 125

NHLBI Clinical Proteomics Programs, 81, 87

NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program (GTRP), 51, 104, 

107–108

NHLBI Genelink, 51

NHLBI Programs, 8–16

NICHD Cooperative Multicenter Neonatal Research Network, 

121, 122, 130–131
200

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Index

NIH Pathway to Independence Award, 53

Nuclear Receptor Signaling Consortium, 53

O

Obligations by funding mechanism, FY 2007, 63–65

Obligations trends, FY 1997–2007,

budget category:

constant dollars, 68–69

current dollars, 68–69

budget history, 67

funding mechanism, 70, 72, 73, 74

Institute-initiated awards and investigator-initiated awards, 

71, 72

Occluded Artery Trial, 81, 87, 114, 117

Obligations, extramural, by state and institution, FY 2007 (See 

Funding of grants, contracts, and training)

Office of Research Training and Minority Health, 2, 135–136

P

Partnership Programs To Reduce Cardiovascular Disparities, 

81, 88, 138, 140

Pediatric Circulatory Support, 104, 108

Pediatric Heart Network, 81, 88, 120, 122, 125

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study, 120, 122, 125

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG), 

119, 122, 131–132, 152

Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Academic Career Awards, 50

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 82, 93

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, 81, 88

Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies 

(POUNDS LOST), 81, 88, 143

Prevention and Populations Sciences Program, obligations by 

funding mechanism, 64

Program Advisory and Review Communities, 57–61

Program Overview, 7–16

Programs in Gene by Environment Interaction (PROGENI), 51, 

81, 89

Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology, 81, 89

Programs of Genomic Applications (PGAs) for Heart, Lung, 

and Blood Diseases, 81, 89–90

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism 

Diagnosis-III (PIOPED III), 82, 93–94

Proteomics Initiative, 104, 108

R

Randomized Controlled Study of Adenotonsillectomy for 

Childhood Sleep Apnea, 82, 94

Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support, 104, 108–109

Relationship Between Hypertension and Inflammation, 53

Research Activity, types of, 187–191

Research and development contracts (See also individual 

programs and studies), 63, 103–111

by program, FY 2007, 64–65

Research Career Programs, 63, 64, 65, 186–188

awards, FY 1997–2007, 159

minority biomedical research, FY 1997–2007, 161

obligation trends, FY 1997–2007, 160

Research grants,

by category, FY 2007, 76

by funding mechanism, 73, 74, 75

clinical trials, 113–116, 117

investigator-initiated and Institute-initiated, FY 1997–2007, 

71–72, 78

obligation trends, FY 1997–2007, 76

Research on Sleep and Sleep Disorders, 52

Research project grants

amount funded, FY 1997–2007, 75, 76, 79

applications reviewed and awarded, FY 1997–2007, 77

average costs, FY 1997–2007, 80

by funding mechanism, 75

by program, 64–65

facility and administrative costs, 79

Research Training and Career Development (See also Research 

Career Programs),

full-time training positions, FY 1997–2007, 155, 158

history of training obligations, FY 1997–2007, 157

minority biomedical obligations, 161

research career programs: awards and obligations, 

FY 1997–2007, 159–160

supplements program: awards and obligations, 

FY 1997–2007, 161–162

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS), 104, 110

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study-II: Refinement and 

Manufacture of HIV EIA and Rapid Tests for Use in HIV 

Vaccine Trials, 50

S

Severe Asthma Research Program, 147

Sickle Cell Disease Clinical Research Network, 82, 95, 121, 

122, 132, 152
201

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Index

Sickle Cell Disease Health-Related Quality of Life 

Questionnaire, 104, 110–111, 152

Sidenafil for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated Pulmonary 

Hypertension, 119, 122, 132, 152

Sleep Heart Health Study, 82, 94, 150

SNP Health Association Resource (SHARE) 104, 109

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities, 104, 111

Specialized Centers for Cell-Based Therapy (SCCT) for Heart, 

Lung, and Blood Diseases, 100–101 

Specialized Centers of Clinical Research (SCCOR) in 

Cardiac Dysfunction and Disease, 96, 97

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 50, 96, 98

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Diseases, 96, 99

Host Factors in Chronic Lung Diseases, 96, 98

Pediatric Heart Development and Disease, 96, 97

Pulmonary Vascular Disease, 50, 96, 98

Transfusion Biology and Medicine, 96, 99

Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury, 96, 98–99

Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling, 96, 97

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) in

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis, 96, 

97–98

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea, 96, 98, 149

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea 

(SWITCH), 82, 95, 116, 117, 152

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS), 81, 

90, 114, 117, 146

Strong Heart Study, 21, 81, 90, 136

Study of Acid Reflux Therapy for Children With Asthma, 82, 

94

Summer Institute for Training in Biostatistics, 49

Summer Institute Program To Increase Diversity in HealthRelated Research, 51

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH), 81, 90, 

114, 116

T

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network, 82, 

95, 121, 122, 132–133, 153

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network, 

50, 82, 95, 121, 122, 133

Translational Behavioral Science Research Consortium, 104, 

109

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), 81, 90, 120, 122, 

126, 144

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy in Adults With 

Ejection Fraction Congestive Heart Failure (TOPCAT), 118, 

122, 126

Tuberculosis Curriculum Coordination Center, 104, 109–110

V

Venous Thrombosis and Thromboembolism in the Elderly, 

53–54

W

Weight Loss in Obese Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: 

Clinical Interventions, 81, 91, 120, 122, 126

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM), 81, 91, 115, 117, 143

Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), 7, 14, 23, 25, 26, 126–128, 

146–147

NHLBI FY 2007 Fact Book

Index