II 

Calendar No. 430 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 4199 

To authorize additional district judges for the district courts and convert 

temporary judgeships. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

APRIL 19, 2024 

Mr. YOUNG (for himself, Mr. COONS, Mr. LANKFORD, Mr. PADILLA, Mr. 

CRUZ, Ms. HIRONO, Mr. TILLIS, Mr. LUJA ́N, Mr. GRAHAM, and Mr. 

BLUMENTHAL) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary 

JUNE 18, 2024 

Reported by Mr. COONS (for Mr. DURBIN) with an amendment 

[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

A BILL 

To authorize additional district judges for the district courts 

and convert temporary judgeships. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Judicial Understaffing 

5 Delays Getting Emergencies Solved Act of 2024’’ or the 

6 ‘‘JUDGES Act of 2024’’. 


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1 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

2 Congress finds the following: 

3 (1) Article III of the Constitution of the United 

4 States gives Congress the power to establish judge5 ships in the district courts of the United States. 

6 (2) Congress has not created a new district 

7 court judgeship since 2003 and has not enacted 

8 comprehensive judgeship legislation since 1990. 

9 (3) This represents the longest period of time 

10 since district courts of the United States were estab11 lished in 1789 that Congress has not authorized any 

12 new permanent district court judgeships. 

13 (4) By the end of fiscal year 2022, filings in the 

14 district courts of the United States had increased by 

15 30 percent since the last comprehensive judgeship 

16 legislation. 

17 (5) As of March 31, 2023, there were 686,797 

18 pending cases in the district courts of the United 

19 States, with an average of 491 weighted case filings 

20 per judgeship over a 12-month period. 

21 (6) To deal with increased filings in the district 

22 courts of the United States, the Judicial Conference 

23 of the United States requested the creation of 66 

24 new district court judgeships in its 2023 report. 


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1 SEC. 3. ADDITIONAL DISTRICT JUDGES FOR THE DISTRICT 

2 COURTS. 

3 (a) ADDITIONAL JUDGESHIPS.— 

4 (1) 2025.—On or after January 21, 2025, the 

5 President shall appoint, by and with the advice and 

6 consent of the Senate— 

7 (A) 1 additional district judge for the dis8 trict of Arizona; 

9 (B) 5 additional district judges for the cen10 tral district of California; 

11 (C) 2 additional district judges for the 

12 eastern district of California; 

13 (D) 3 additional district judges for the 

14 northern district of California; 

15 (E) 1 additional district judge for the 

16 southern district of California; 

17 (F) 1 additional district judge for the dis18 trict of Colorado; 

19 (G) 1 additional district judge for the dis20 trict of Delaware; 

21 (H) 2 additional district judges for the 

22 middle district of Florida; 

23 (I) 1 additional district judge for the 

24 southern district of Florida; 

25 (J) 1 additional district judge for the 

26 northern district of Georgia; 


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1 (K) 1 additional district judge for the dis2 trict of Idaho; 

3 (L) 1 additional district judge for the 

4 southern district of Indiana; 

5 (M) 1 additional district judge for the 

6 northern district of Iowa; 

7 (N) 1 additional district judge for the dis8 trict of Nebraska; 

9 (O) 1 additional district judge for the dis10 trict of New Jersey; 

11 (P) 1 additional district judge for the east12 ern district of New York; 

13 (Q) 1 additional district judge for the 

14 southern district of New York; 

15 (R) 1 additional district judge for the east16 ern district of Texas; 

17 (S) 1 additional district judge for the 

18 northern district of Texas; 

19 (T) 2 additional district judges for the 

20 southern district of Texas; and 

21 (U) 3 additional district judges for the 

22 western district of Texas. 

23 (2) 2029.—On or after January 21, 2029, the 

24 President shall appoint, by and with the advice and 

25 consent of the Senate— 


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1 (A) 1 additional district judge for the dis2 trict of Arizona; 

3 (B) 4 additional district judges for the cen4 tral district of California; 

5 (C) 2 additional district judge for the east6 ern district of California; 

7 (D) 3 additional district judges for the 

8 northern district of California; 

9 (E) 1 additional district judge for the 

10 southern district of California; 

11 (F) 1 additional district judge for the dis12 trict of Colorado; 

13 (G) 1 additional district judge for the dis14 trict of Delaware; 

15 (H) 3 additional district judges for the 

16 middle district of Florida; 

17 (I) 1 additional district judge for the 

18 northern district of Florida; 

19 (J) 2 additional district judges for the 

20 southern district of Florida; 

21 (K) 1 additional district judge for the 

22 northern district of Georgia; 

23 (L) 2 additional district judges for the dis24 trict of New Jersey; 


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1 (M) 1 additional district judge for the 

2 eastern district of New York; 

3 (N) 1 additional district judge for the 

4 southern district of New York; 

5 (O) 1 additional district judge for the 

6 western district of New York; 

7 (P) 1 additional district judge for the east8 ern district of Texas; 

9 (Q) 2 additional district judge for the 

10 southern district of Texas; and 

11 (R) 3 additional district judges for the 

12 western district of Texas. 

13 (b) TEMPORARY JUDGESHIPS.— 

14 (1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall appoint, 

15 by and with the advice and consent of the Senate— 

16 (A) 2 additional district judges for the 

17 eastern district of Oklahoma; and 

18 (B) 1 additional district judge for the 

19 northern district of Oklahoma. 

20 (2) VACANCIES NOT FILLED.—The first va21 cancy in the office of district judge in each of the 

22 offices of district judge authorized by this sub23 section, occurring 5 years or more after the con24 firmation date of the judge named to fill the temVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:06 Jun 19, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\S4199.RS S4199

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1 porary district judgeship created in the applicable 

2 district by this subsection, shall not be filled. 

3 (3) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This subsection shall 

4 take effect on January 21, 2025. 

5 (c) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 

6 The table contained in section 133(a) of title 28, United 

7 States Code, is amended— 

8 (1) by striking the item relating to Arizona and 

9 inserting the following: 

‘‘Arizona ................................................................. 14’’; 

10 (2) by striking the items relating to California 

11 and inserting the following: 

‘‘California: 

Northern ................................................................. 20 

Eastern ................................................................... 10 

Central .................................................................... 36 

Southern ................................................................. 15’’; 

12 (3) by striking the item relating to Colorado 

13 and inserting the following: 

‘‘Colorado ............................................................... 9’’; 

14 (4) by striking the item relating to Delaware 

15 and inserting the following: 

‘‘Delaware ............................................................... 6’’; 

16 (5) by striking the items relating to Florida and 

17 inserting the following: 

‘‘Florida: 

Northern ................................................................. 5 

Middle ..................................................................... 20 

Southern ................................................................. 20’’; 


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1 (6) by striking the items relating to Georgia 

2 and inserting the following: 

‘‘Georgia: 

Northern ................................................................. 13 

Middle ..................................................................... 4 

Southern ................................................................. 3’’; 

3 (7) by striking the item relating to Idaho and 

4 inserting the following: 

‘‘Idaho .................................................................... 3’’; 

5 (8) by striking the items relating to Indiana 

6 and inserting the following: 

‘‘Indiana: 

Northern ................................................................. 5 

Southern ................................................................. 6’’; 

7 (9) by striking the items relating to Iowa and 

8 inserting the following: 

‘‘Iowa: 

Northern ................................................................. 3 

Southern ................................................................. 3’’; 

9 (10) by striking the item relating to Nebraska 

10 and inserting the following: 

‘‘Nebraska .............................................................. 4’’; 

11 (11) by striking the item relating to New Jer12 sey and inserting the following: 

‘‘New Jersey ........................................................... 20’’; 

13 (12) by striking the items relating to New York 

14 and inserting the following: 

‘‘New York: 

Northern ................................................................. 5 

Southern ................................................................. 30 


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Eastern ................................................................... 17 

Western .................................................................. 5’’; 

1 (13) by striking the items relating to Texas and 

2 inserting the following: 

‘‘Texas: 

Northern ................................................................. 13 

Southern ................................................................. 23 

Eastern ................................................................... 9 

Western .................................................................. 19’’. 

3 SEC. 4. GAO REPORT ON VACANT AND UNDERUTILIZED 

4 COURTHOUSES. 

5 Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 

6 of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 

7 shall make publicly available a report identifying Federal 

8 courthouses that are vacant or underused. 

9 SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

10 There are authorized to be appropriated such sums 

11 as may be necessary to carry out this Act and the amend12 ments made by this Act, including such sums as may be 

13 necessary to provide appropriate space and facilities for 

14 the judicial positions created by this Act or an amendment 

15 made by this Act. 

16 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

17 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Judicial Understaffing 

18 Delays Getting Emergencies Solved Act of 2024’’ or the 

19 ‘‘JUDGES Act of 2024’’. 

20 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

21 Congress finds the following: 


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1 (1) Article III of the Constitution of the United 

2 States gives Congress the power to establish judgeships 

3 in the district courts of the United States. 

4 (2) Congress has not created a new district court 

5 judgeship since 2003 and has not enacted comprehen6 sive judgeship legislation since 1990. 

7 (3) This represents the longest period of time 

8 since district courts of the United States were estab9 lished in 1789 that Congress has not authorized any 

10 new permanent district court judgeships. 

11 (4) By the end of fiscal year 2022, filings in the 

12 district courts of the United States had increased by 

13 30 percent since the last comprehensive judgeship leg14 islation. 

15 (5) As of March 31, 2023, there were 686,797 

16 pending cases in the district courts of the United 

17 States, with an average of 491 weighted case filings 

18 per judgeship over a 12-month period. 

19 (6) To deal with increased filings in the district 

20 courts of the United States, the Judicial Conference of 

21 the United States requested the creation of 66 new 

22 district court judgeships in its 2023 report. 

23 SEC. 3. ADDITIONAL DISTRICT JUDGES FOR THE DISTRICT 

24 COURTS. 

25 (a) ADDITIONAL JUDGESHIPS.— 


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1 (1) 2025.— 

2 (A) IN GENERAL.—The President shall ap3 point, by and with the advice and consent of the 

4 Senate— 

5 (i) 1 additional district judge for the 

6 central district of California; 

7 (ii) 1 additional district judge for the 

8 eastern district of California; 

9 (iii) 1 additional district judge for the 

10 northern district of California; 

11 (iv) 1 additional district judge for the 

12 district of Delaware; 

13 (v) 1 additional district judge for the 

14 middle district of Florida; 

15 (vi) 1 additional district judge for the 

16 southern district of Indiana; 

17 (vii) 1 additional district judge for the 

18 northern district of Iowa; 

19 (viii) 1 additional district judge for 

20 the district of New Jersey; 

21 (ix) 1 additional district judge for the 

22 southern district of New York; 

23 (x) 1 additional district judge for the 

24 eastern district of Texas; and 


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1 (xi) 1 additional district judge for the 

2 southern district of Texas. 

3 (B) TABLES.—The table contained in sec4 tion 133(a) of title 28, United States Code, is 

5 amended— 

6 (i) by striking the items relating to 

7 California and inserting the following: 

‘‘California: 

Northern ...................................................................... 15 

Eastern ........................................................................ 7 

Central ......................................................................... 28 

Southern ...................................................................... 13’’; 

8 (ii) by striking the item relating to 

9 Delaware and inserting the following: 

‘‘Delaware .................................................................... 5’’; 

10 (iii) by striking the items relating to 

11 Florida and inserting the following: 

‘‘Florida: 

Northern ...................................................................... 4 

Middle .......................................................................... 16 

Southern ...................................................................... 17’’; 

12 (iv) by striking the items relating to 

13 Indiana and inserting the following: 

‘‘Indiana: 

Northern ...................................................................... 5 

Southern ...................................................................... 6’’; 

14 (v) by striking the items relating to 

15 Iowa and inserting the following: 

‘‘Iowa: 

Northern ...................................................................... 3 

Southern ...................................................................... 3’’; 


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1 (vi) by striking the item relating to 

2 New Jersey and inserting the following: 

‘‘New Jersey ................................................................ 18’’; 

3 (vii) by striking the items relating to 

4 New York and inserting the following: 

‘‘New York: 

Northern ...................................................................... 5 

Southern ...................................................................... 29 

Eastern ........................................................................ 15 

Western ........................................................................ 4’’; and 

5 (viii) by striking the items relating to 

6 Texas and inserting the following: 

‘‘Texas: 

Northern ...................................................................... 12 

Southern ...................................................................... 20 

Eastern ........................................................................ 8 

Western ........................................................................ 13’’. 

7 (C) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This paragraph 

8 shall take effect on January 21, 2025. 

9 (2) 2027.— 

10 (A) IN GENERAL.—The President shall ap11 point, by and with the advice and consent of the 

12 Senate— 

13 (i) 1 additional district judge for the 

14 district of Arizona; 

15 (ii) 2 additional district judges for the 

16 central district of California; 

17 (iii) 1 additional district judge for the 

18 eastern district of California; 


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1 (iv) 1 additional district judge for the 

2 northern district of California; 

3 (v) 1 additional district judge for the 

4 middle district of Florida; 

5 (vi) 1 additional district judge for the 

6 southern district of Florida; 

7 (vii) 1 additional district judge for the 

8 northern district of Georgia; 

9 (viii) 1 additional district judge for 

10 the district of Idaho; 

11 (ix) 1 additional district judge for the 

12 northern district of Texas; and 

13 (x) 1 additional district judge for the 

14 southern district of Texas. 

15 (B) TABLES.—The table contained in sec16 tion 133(a) of title 28, United States Code, as 

17 amended by paragraph (1) of this subsection, is 

18 amended— 

19 (i) by striking the item relating to Ari20 zona and inserting the following: 

‘‘Arizona ...................................................................... 13’’; 

21 (ii) by striking the items relating to 

22 California and inserting the following: 

‘‘California: 

Northern ...................................................................... 16 

Eastern ........................................................................ 8 

Central ......................................................................... 30 

Southern ...................................................................... 13’’; 


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1 (iii) by striking the items relating to 

2 Florida and inserting the following: 

‘‘Florida: 

Northern ...................................................................... 4 

Middle .......................................................................... 17 

Southern ...................................................................... 18’’; 

3 (iv) by striking the items relating to 

4 Georgia and inserting the following: 

‘‘Georgia: 

Northern ...................................................................... 12 

Middle .......................................................................... 4 

Southern ...................................................................... 3’’; 

5 (v) by striking the item relating to 

6 Idaho and inserting the following: 

‘‘Idaho .......................................................................... 3’’; and 

7 (vi) by striking the items relating to 

8 Texas and inserting the following: 

‘‘Texas: 

Northern ...................................................................... 13 

Southern ...................................................................... 21 

Eastern ........................................................................ 8 

Western ........................................................................ 13’’. 

9 (C) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This paragraph 

10 shall take effect on January 21, 2027. 

11 (3) 2029.— 

12 (A) IN GENERAL.—The President shall ap13 point, by and with the advice and consent of the 

14 Senate— 

15 (i) 1 additional district judge for the 

16 central district of California; 


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1 (ii) 1 additional district judge for the 

2 eastern district of California; 

3 (iii) 1 additional district judge for the 

4 northern district of California; 

5 (iv) 1 additional district judge for the 

6 district of Colorado; 

7 (v) 1 additional district judge for the 

8 district of Delaware; 

9 (vi) 1 additional district judge for the 

10 district of Nebraska; 

11 (vii) 1 additional district judge for the 

12 eastern district of New York; 

13 (viii) 1 additional district judge for 

14 the eastern district of Texas; 

15 (ix) 1 additional district judge for the 

16 southern district of Texas; and 

17 (x) 1 additional district judge for the 

18 western district of Texas. 

19 (B) TABLES.—The table contained in sec20 tion 133(a) of title 28, United States Code, as 

21 amended by paragraph (2) of this subsection, is 

22 amended— 

23 (i) by striking the items relating to 

24 California and inserting the following: 

‘‘California: 

Northern ...................................................................... 17 

Eastern ........................................................................ 9 


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Central ......................................................................... 31 

Southern ...................................................................... 13’’; 

1 (ii) by striking the item relating to 

2 Colorado and inserting the following: 

‘‘Colorado ..................................................................... 8’’; 

3 (iii) by striking the item relating to 

4 Delaware and inserting the following: 

‘‘Delaware .................................................................... 6’’; 

5 (iv) by striking the item relating to 

6 Nebraska and inserting the following: 

‘‘Nebraska .................................................................... 4’’; 

7 (v) by striking the items relating to 

8 New York and inserting the following: 

‘‘New York: 

Northern ...................................................................... 5 

Southern ...................................................................... 29 

Eastern ........................................................................ 16 

Western ........................................................................ 4’’; and 

9 (vi) by striking the items relating to 

10 Texas and inserting the following: 

‘‘Texas: 

Northern ...................................................................... 13 

Southern ...................................................................... 22 

Eastern ........................................................................ 9 

Western ........................................................................ 14’’. 

11 (C) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This paragraph 

12 shall take effect on January 21, 2029. 

13 (4) 2031.— 


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1 (A) IN GENERAL.—The President shall ap2 point, by and with the advice and consent of the 

3 Senate— 

4 (i) 1 additional district judge for the 

5 district of Arizona; 

6 (ii) 1 additional district judge for the 

7 central district of California; 

8 (iii) 1 additional district judge for the 

9 eastern district of California; 

10 (iv) 1 additional district judge for the 

11 northern district of California; 

12 (v) 1 additional district judge for the 

13 southern district of California; 

14 (vi) 1 additional district judge for the 

15 middle district of Florida; 

16 (vii) 1 additional district judge for the 

17 southern district of Florida; 

18 (viii) 1 additional district judge for 

19 the district of New Jersey; 

20 (ix) 1 additional district judge for the 

21 western district of New York; and 

22 (x) 2 additional district judges for the 

23 western district of Texas. 

24 (B) TABLES.—The table contained in sec25 tion 133(a) of title 28, United States Code, as 


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1 amended by paragraph (3) of this subsection, is 

2 amended— 

3 (i) by striking the item relating to Ari4 zona and inserting the following: 

‘‘Arizona ...................................................................... 14’’; 

5 (ii) by striking the items relating to 

6 California and inserting the following: 

‘‘California: 

Northern ...................................................................... 18 

Eastern ........................................................................ 10 

Central ......................................................................... 32 

Southern ...................................................................... 14’’; 

7 (iii) by striking the items relating to 

8 Florida and inserting the following: 

‘‘Florida: 

Northern ...................................................................... 4 

Middle .......................................................................... 18 

Southern ...................................................................... 19’’; 

9 (iv) by striking the item relating to 

10 New Jersey and inserting the following: 

‘‘New Jersey ................................................................ 19’’; 

11 (v) by striking the items relating to 

12 New York and inserting the following: 

‘‘New York: 

Northern ...................................................................... 5 

Southern ...................................................................... 29 

Eastern ........................................................................ 16 

Western ........................................................................ 5’’; and 

13 (vi) by striking the items relating to 

14 Texas and inserting the following: 

‘‘Texas: 


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Northern ...................................................................... 13 

Southern ...................................................................... 22 

Eastern ........................................................................ 9 

Western ........................................................................ 16’’. 

1 (C) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This paragraph 

2 shall take effect on January 21, 2031. 

3 (5) 2033.— 

4 (A) IN GENERAL.—The President shall ap5 point, by and with the advice and consent of the 

6 Senate— 

7 (i) 2 additional district judges for the 

8 central district of California; 

9 (ii) 1 additional district judge for the 

10 northern district of California; 

11 (iii) 1 additional district judge for the 

12 district of Colorado; 

13 (iv) 1 additional district judge for the 

14 middle district of Florida; 

15 (v) 1 additional district judge for the 

16 northern district of Florida; 

17 (vi) 1 additional district judge for the 

18 northern district of Georgia; 

19 (vii) 1 additional district judge for the 

20 southern district of New York; 

21 (viii) 1 additional district judge for 

22 the southern district of Texas; and 


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1 (ix) 1 additional district judge for the 

2 western district of Texas. 

3 (B) TABLES.—The table contained in sec4 tion 133(a) of title 28, United States Code, as 

5 amended by paragraph (4) of this subsection, is 

6 amended— 

7 (i) by striking the items relating to 

8 California and inserting the following: 

‘‘California: 

Northern ...................................................................... 19 

Eastern ........................................................................ 10 

Central ......................................................................... 34 

Southern ...................................................................... 14’’; 

9 (ii) by striking the item relating to 

10 Colorado and inserting the following: 

‘‘Colorado ..................................................................... 9’’; 

11 (iii) by striking the items relating to 

12 Florida and inserting the following: 

‘‘Florida: 

Northern ...................................................................... 5 

Middle .......................................................................... 19 

Southern ...................................................................... 19’’; 

13 (iv) by striking the items relating to 

14 Georgia and inserting the following: 

‘‘Georgia: 

Northern ...................................................................... 13 

Middle .......................................................................... 4 

Southern ...................................................................... 3’’; 

15 (v) by striking the items relating to 

16 New York and inserting the following: 

‘‘New York: 


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Northern ...................................................................... 5 

Southern ...................................................................... 30 

Eastern ........................................................................ 16 

Western ........................................................................ 5’’; and 

1 (vi) by striking the items relating to 

2 Texas and inserting the following: 

‘‘Texas: 

Northern ...................................................................... 13 

Southern ...................................................................... 23 

Eastern ........................................................................ 9 

Western ........................................................................ 17’’. 

3 (C) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This paragraph 

4 shall take effect on January 21, 2033. 

5 (6) 2035.— 

6 (A) IN GENERAL.—The President shall ap7 point, by and with the advice and consent of the 

8 Senate— 

9 (i) 2 additional district judges for the 

10 central district of California; 

11 (ii) 1 additional district judge for the 

12 northern district of California; 

13 (iii) 1 additional district judge for the 

14 southern district of California; 

15 (iv) 1 additional district judge for the 

16 middle district of Florida; 

17 (v) 1 additional district judge for the 

18 southern district of Florida; 

19 (vi) 1 additional district judge for the 

20 district of New Jersey; 


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1 (vii) 1 additional district judge for the 

2 eastern district of New York; 

3 (viii) 2 additional district judges for 

4 the western district of Texas. 

5 (B) TABLES.—The table contained in sec6 tion 133(a) of title 28, United States Code, as 

7 amended by paragraph (5) of this subsection, is 

8 amended— 

9 (i) by striking the items relating to 

10 California and inserting the following: 

‘‘California: 

Northern ...................................................................... 20 

Eastern ........................................................................ 10 

Central ......................................................................... 36 

Southern ...................................................................... 15’’; 

11 (ii) by striking the items relating to 

12 Florida and inserting the following: 

‘‘Florida: 

Northern ...................................................................... 5 

Middle .......................................................................... 20 

Southern ...................................................................... 20’’; 

13 (iii) by striking the item relating to 

14 New Jersey and inserting the following: 

‘‘New Jersey ................................................................ 20’’; 

15 (iv) by striking the items relating to 

16 New York and inserting the following: 

‘‘New York: 

Northern ...................................................................... 5 

Southern ...................................................................... 30 

Eastern ........................................................................ 17 

Western ........................................................................ 5’’; and 


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1 (v) by striking the items relating to 

2 Texas and inserting the following: 

‘‘Texas: 

Northern ...................................................................... 13 

Southern ...................................................................... 23 

Eastern ........................................................................ 9 

Western ........................................................................ 19’’. 

3 (C) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This paragraph 

4 shall take effect on January 21, 2035. 

5 (b) TEMPORARY JUDGESHIPS.— 

6 (1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall appoint, 

7 by and with the advice and consent of the Senate— 

8 (A) 2 additional district judges for the east9 ern district of Oklahoma; and 

10 (B) 1 additional district judge for the 

11 northern district of Oklahoma. 

12 (2) VACANCIES NOT FILLED.—The first vacancy 

13 in the office of district judge in each of the offices of 

14 district judge authorized by this subsection, occurring 

15 5 years or more after the confirmation date of the 

16 judge named to fill the temporary district judgeship 

17 created in the applicable district by this subsection, 

18 shall not be filled. 

19 (3) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This subsection shall take 

20 effect on January 21, 2025. 

21 (c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be ap2 propriated to carry out this section and the amend3 ments made by this section— 

4 (A) for each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026, 

5 $12,965,330; 

6 (B) for each of fiscal years 2027 and 2028, 

7 $23,152,375; 

8 (C) for each of fiscal years 2029 and 2030, 

9 $32,413,325; 

10 (D) for each of fiscal years 2031 and 2032, 

11 $42,600,370; 

12 (E) for each of fiscal years 2033 and 2034, 

13 $51,861,320; and 

14 (F) for fiscal year 2035 and each fiscal year 

15 thereafter, $61,122,270. 

16 (2) INFLATION ADJUSTMENT.—For each fiscal 

17 year described in paragraph (1), the amount author18 ized to be appropriated for such fiscal year shall be 

19 increased by the percentage by which— 

20 (A) the Consumer Price Index for the pre21 vious fiscal year, exceeds 

22 (B) the Consumer Price Index for the fiscal 

23 year preceding the fiscal year described in sub24 paragraph (A). 


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1 (3) DEFINITION.—In this subsection, the term 

2 ‘‘Consumer Price Index’’ means the Consumer Price 

3 Index for All Urban Consumers (all items, United 

4 States city average), published by the Bureau of 

5 Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor. 

6 SEC. 4. ORGANIZATION OF UTAH DISTRICT COURTS. 

7 Section 125(2) of title 28, United States Code, is 

8 amended by striking ‘‘and St. George’’ and inserting ‘‘St. 

9 George, Moab, and Monticello’’. 

10 SEC. 5. ORGANIZATION OF TEXAS DISTRICT COURTS. 

11 Section 124(b)(2) of title 28, United States Code, is 

12 amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (3), by insert13 ing ‘‘and College Station’’ before the period at the end. 

14 SEC. 6. ORGANIZATION OF CALIFORNIA DISTRICT COURTS. 

15 Section 84(d) of title 28, United States Code, is 

16 amended by inserting ‘‘and El Centro’’ after ‘‘at San 

17 Diego’’. 

18 SEC. 7. GAO REPORTS. 

19 (a) JUDICIAL CASELOADS.—Not later than 2 years 

20 after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller Gen21 eral of the United States shall submit to the Committee on 

22 the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judi23 ciary of the House of Representatives and make publicly 

24 available reports— 

25 (1) evaluating— 


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1 (A) the accuracy and objectiveness of case2 related workload measures and methodologies 

3 used by the Administrative Office of the United 

4 States Courts for district courts of the United 

5 States and courts of appeals of the United 

6 States; 

7 (B) the impact of non-case-related activities 

8 of judges of the district courts of the United 

9 States and courts of appeals of the United States 

10 on judicial caseloads; and 

11 (C) the effectiveness and efficiency of the 

12 policies of the Administrative Office of the 

13 United States Courts regarding senior judges; 

14 and 

15 (2) providing any recommendations of the 

16 Comptroller General with respect to the matters de17 scribed in paragraph (1). 

18 (b) DETENTION SPACE.—The Comptroller General of 

19 the United States shall submit to the Committee on the Ju20 diciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary 

21 of the House of Representatives a report on an assessment 

22 of— 

23 (1) a determination of the needs of Federal agen24 cies for detention space; 


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1 (2) efforts by Federal agencies to acquire deten2 tion space; and 

3 (3) any challenges in determining and acquiring 

4 detention space. 

5 SEC. 8. PUBLIC ACCESSIBILITY OF THE ARTICLE III JUDGE6 SHIP RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE JUDICIAL 

7 CONFERENCE OF THE UNITED STATES RE8 PORT. 

9 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrative Office of the 

10 United States Courts, in consultation with the Judicial 

11 Conference of the United States, shall make publicly avail12 able on their website, free of charge, the biennial report enti13 tled ‘‘Article III Judgeship Recommendations of the Judi14 cial Conference of the United States’’. 

15 (b) CONTENTS.—The report described in subsection (a) 

16 should be released not less frequently than biennially and 

17 contain the summaries and all related appendixes sup18 porting the judgeship recommendations of the Judicial Con19 ference of the United States, including— 

20 (1) the process used by the Judicial Conference 

21 in developing the recommendations; 

22 (2) any caseload and methodology changes; 

23 (3) judgeship surveys with recommendations; 

24 and 


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1 (4) specific information about each court for 

2 which the Judicial Conference recommends additional 

3 judgeships. 

4 (c) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS.—The Administrative 

5 Office of the United States Courts shall submit to the Com6 mittee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee 

7 on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives copies of 

8 the report described in subsection (a). 


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Calendar No. 430 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 4199 

A BILL 

To authorize additional district judges for the 

district courts and convert temporary judgeships. 

JUNE 18, 2024 

Reported with an amendment 


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