# Industry General Summary: 2002

2002 Economic Census Construction Subject Series Issued October 2005

EC02-23SG-1



### U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

## This report was prepared in the Manufacturing and Construction Division under the direction of Mendel D. Gayle , Assistant Division Chief for Census and Related Programs, who was responsible for the overall planning, management, and coordination. Susan Bucci , Chief, Construction and Minerals Branch, assisted by Michael Blake , Section Chief, and Tom Flood , Keith Fuller , Robert Miller , and Robert Rosati , Special Assistants, performed the planning and implementation. Delsey Newman , Donald Powers , John Roehl , Linda Taylor , Michael Taylor , and Robert Wright provided primary staff assistance. Arminta N. Quash , Chief, Census and Related Programs Support Branch, assisted by Kimberly DePhillip , Section Chief, performed overall coordination of the publication process. Theresa Crowley , Patrick Duck , Michael Flaherty , Taylor C. Murph , and Veronica White provided primary staff assistance. Mathematical and statistical techniques, as well as the coverage operations, were provided by Paul Hsen , Assistant Division Chief for Research and Methodology Programs, assisted by Stacey Cole , Chief, Manufacturing Methodology Branch, and Robert Struble , Section Chief. Jeffrey Dalzell and Cathy Gregor provided primary staff assistance. Eddie J. Salyers , Assistant Division Chief of Economic Planning and Coordination Division, was responsible for overseeing the editing and tabulation procedures and the interactive analytical software. Dennis Shoemaker and Kim Wortman , Special Assistants, John D. Ward , Chief, Analytical Branch, and Brandy L. Yarbrough , Chief, Edit Branch, were responsible for developing the systems and procedures for data collection, editing, review, and correction. Donna L. Hambric , Chief of the Economic Planning Staff, was responsible for overseeing the systems and information for dissemination. Douglas J. Miller , Chief, Tables and Dissemination Branch, assisted by Lisa Aispuro , Jamie Fleming , Keith Fuller , Andrew W. Hait , and Kathy G. Padgett , were responsible for developing the data dissemination systems and procedures. The Geography Division staff, Robert LaMacchia , Chief, developed geographic coding procedures and associated computer programs. The Economic Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Howard R. Hogan , Chief, developed and coordinated the computer processing systems. Barry F. Sessamen , Assistant Division Chief for Post Collection, was responsible for design and implementation of the processing system and computer programs. Gary T. Sheridan , Chief, Macro Analytical Branch, assisted by Apparao V. Katikineni and Edward F. Johnson , provided computer programming and implementation. The Systems Support Division provided the table composition system. Robert Joseph Brown , Table Image Processing System (TIPS) Senior Software Engineer, was responsible for the design and development of the TIPS, under the supervision of Robert J. Bateman , Assistant Division Chief, Information Systems. The staff of the National Processing Center performed mailout preparation and receipt operations, clerical and analytical review activities, and data entry. Margaret A. Smith , Bernadette J. Beasley , and Michael T. Browne of the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom , Chief, provided publication and printing management, graphics design and composition, and editorial review for print and electronic media. General direction and production management were provided by James R. Clark , Assistant Division Chief, and Susan L. Rappa , Chief, Publications Services Branch. Special acknowledgment is also due the many businesses whose cooperation contributed to the publication of these data. 

## ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

# Industry General Summary: 2002

2002 Economic Census Construction Subject Series Issued October 2005

EC02-23SG-1



# U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary David A. Sampson, Deputy Secretary Economics and Statistics Administration Kathleen B. Cooper, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Charles Louis Kincannon, Director

## Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Associate Director for Economic Programs Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Acting Assistant Director for Economic Programs William G. Bostic, Jr., Chief, Manufacturing and Construction Division ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION 

## Economics and Statistics Administration Kathleen B. Cooper, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Charles Louis Kincannon, Director Hermann Habermann, Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer

# CONTENTS Introduction to the Economic Census iv  Construction ix  Tables 1. Employment Statistics for Establishments by Industry: 2002 1  2. General Statistics for Establishments by Industry: 2002 3  3. Detailed Statistics for Establishments by Subsector: 2002 5  4. Selected Statistics for Establishments by Employment Size Class and Subsector: 2002 9  5. Selected Statistics for Establishments by Value of Business Done Size Class and Subsector: 2002 10  6. Selected Statistics for Establishments by Industry and Legal Form of Organization: 2002 11  Appendixes A. Explanation of Terms A–1  B. NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions B–1  C. Methodology C–1  D. Geographic Notes  E. Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas 

Not applicable for this report.



# Construction

 Subject Series Industry General Summary iii U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS The economic census is the major source of facts about the structure and functioning of the nation’s economy. It provides essential information for government, business, industry, and the general public. Title 13 of the United States Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years, covering years ending in “2” and “7.” The economic census furnishes an important part of the framework for such composite measures as the gross domestic product estimates, input/output measures, production and price indexes, and other statistical series that measure short-term changes in economic conditions. Specific uses of economic census data include the following: • Policymaking agencies of the federal government use the data to monitor economic activity and

to assess the effectiveness of policies. • State and local governments use the data to assess business activities and tax bases within

their jurisdictions and to develop programs to attract business. • Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries, which allows them to

keep their members informed of market changes.• Individual businesses use the data to locate potential markets and to analyze their own production and sales performance relative to industry or area averages. INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONSData from the 2002 Economic Census are published primarily according to the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). NAICS was first adopted in the United States, Canada, and Mexico in 1997. The 2002 Economic Census covers the following NAICS sectors: 21 Mining 22 Utilities 23 Construction 31-33 Manufacturing 42 Wholesale Trade 44-45 Retail Trade 48-49 Transportation and Warehousing 51 Information 52 Finance and Insurance 53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 55 Management of Companies and Enterprises 56 Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 61 Educational Services 62 Health Care and Social Assistance 71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 72 Accommodation and Food Services 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) (Not listed above are the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting sector (NAICS 11), partially covered by the census of agriculture conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Public Administration sector (NAICS 92), largely covered by the census of governments conducted by the Census Bureau.) The 20 NAICS sectors are subdivided into 100 subsectors (three-digit codes), 317 industry groups (four-digit codes), and, as implemented in the United States, 1,179 industries (six-digit codes). Introduction v 2002 Economic Census U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## RELATIONSHIP TO HISTORICAL INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONSPrior to the 1997 Economic Census, data were published according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. While many of the individual NAICS industries correspond directly to industries as defined under the SIC system, most of the higher level groupings do not. Particular care should be taken in comparing data for retail trade, wholesale trade, and manufacturing, which are sector titles used in both NAICS and SIC, but cover somewhat different groups of industries. The 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC demonstrates the relationships between NAICS and SIC industries. Where changes are significant, it may not be possible to construct time series that include data for points both before and after 1997. Most industry classifications remained unchanged between 1997 and 2002, but NAICS 2002 includes substantial revisions within the construction and wholesale trade sectors, and a numberof revisions for the retail trade and information sectors. These changes are noted in industry definitions and will be demonstrated in the Bridge Between NAICS 2002 and NAICS 1997

. For 2002, data for enterprise support establishments (those functioning primarily to support the activities of their company’s operating establishments, such as a warehouse or a research anddevelopment laboratory) are included in the industry that reflects their activities (such as warehousing). For 1997, such establishments were termed auxiliaries and were excluded from industry totals. BASIS OF REPORTING The economic census is conducted on an establishment basis. A company operating at more than one location is required to file a separate report for each store, factory, shop, or other location. Each establishment is assigned a separate industry classification based on its primary activity andnot that of its parent company. (For selected industries, only payroll, employment, and classification are collected for individual establishments, while other data are collected on a consolidated basis.) GEOGRAPHIC AREA CODING Accurate and complete information on the physical location of each establishment is required to tabulate the census data for states, metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, counties, and corporate municipalities (places) including cities, towns, townships, villages, and boroughs. Respondents were required to report their physical location (street address, municipality, county, and state) if it differed from their mailing address. For establishments not surveyed by mail (and those single-establishment companies that did not provide acceptable information on physical location), location information from administrative sources is used as a basis for coding. AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA All results of the 2002 Economic Census are available on the Census Bureau Internet site (www.census.gov) and on digital versatile discs (DVD-ROMs) for sale by the Census Bureau. The American FactFinder system at the Internet site allows selective retrieval and downloading of the data. For more information, including a description of reports being issued, see the Internet site, write to the U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-6100, or call Customer Services at 301- 763-4100. HISTORICAL INFORMATION The economic census has been taken as an integrated program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for 1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual components of the economic census were taken separately at varying intervals. The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810 Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were included with those for population. Coverage of economic activities was expanded for the 1840 Decennial Census and subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time a census was taken apart vi Introduction 2002 Economic Census U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## from the regular decennial population census. Censuses covering retail and wholesale trade and construction industries were added in 1930, as were some service trades in 1933. Censuses of construction, manufacturing, and the other business censuses were suspended during World War II.The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be fully integrated, providing comparable census data across economic sectors and using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms provided by the administrative records of other federal agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also have been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms, reducing or eliminating the need to send them census report forms. The range of industries covered in the economic census expanded between 1967 and 2002. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the scope of serviceindustries, introduced in 1933, was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a few transportation industries were covered as early as 1963, it was not until 1992 that the census broadened to include all of transportation, communications, and utilities. Also new for 1992 was coverage of financial, insurance, and real estate industries. With these additions, the economic census and the separate census of governments and census of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percent of all economic activity. New for 2002 is coverage of four industries classified in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector under the SIC system: landscape architectural services, landscaping services, veterinary services, and pet care services. Printed statistical reports from the 1992 and earlier censuses provide historical figures for the study of long-term time series and are available in some large libraries. Reports for 1997 were published primarily on the Internet and copies of 1992 reports are also available there. CD-ROMs issued from the 1987, 1992, and 1997 Economic Censuses contain databases that include all or nearly all data published in print, plus additional statistics, such as ZIP Code statistics, published only on CD-ROM. SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for the 2002 Economic Census and related surveys is published in the Guide to the 2002 Economic Census at www.census.gov/econ/census02/guide. More information on the methodology, procedures, and history of the census will be published in the History of the 2002 Economic Census at www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

Introduction vii 2002 Economic Census U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

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viii Introduction 2002 Economic Census U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Construction

SCOPEThe Construction sector (sector 23) comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of buildings or engineering projects (e.g., highways and utility systems). Establishments primarily engaged in the preparation of sites for new construction and establishments primarily engaged in subdividing land for sale, as building sites also are included in this sector. Construction work done may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. Activities of these establishments generally are managed at a fixed place of business, but they usually perform construction activities at multiple project sites. Production responsibilitiesfor establishments in this sector are usually specified in (1) contracts with the owners of construction projects (prime contracts) or (2) contracts with other construction establishments (subcontracts).Establishments primarily engaged in contracts that include responsibility for all aspects of individual construction projects are commonly known as general contractors, but also may be known as design-builders, construction managers, turnkey contractors, or (in cases where two or more establishments jointly secure a general contract) joint-venture contractors. Construction managers that provide oversight and scheduling only (i.e., agency) as well as construction managers that areresponsible for the entire project (i.e., at risk) are included as general contractor type establishments. Establishments of the “general contractor type” frequently arrange construction of separate parts of their projects through subcontracts with other construction establishments. Establishments primarily engaged in activities to produce a specific component (e.g., masonry, painting, and electrical work) of a construction project are commonly known as specialty tradecontractors. Activities of specialty trade contractors are usually subcontracted from other construction establishments but, especially in remodeling and repair construction, the work may be done directly for the owner of the property. Establishments primarily engaged in activities to construct buildings to be sold on sites that they own are known as operative builders, but also may be known as speculative builders or merchant builders. Operative builders produce buildings in a manner similar to general contractors, buttheir production processes also include site acquisition and securing of financial backing. Operative builders are most often associated with the construction of residential buildings. Like general contractors, they may subcontract all or part of the actual construction work on their buildings. There are substantial differences in the types of equipment, work force skills, and other inputs required by establishments in this sector. To highlight these differences and variations in the underlying production functions, this sector is divided into three subsectors. Subsector 236, Construction of Buildings, comprises establishments of the general contractor type and operative builders involved in the construction of buildings. Subsector 237, Heavy andCivil Engineering Construction, comprises establishments involved in the construction of engineering projects. Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors, comprises establishments engaged in specialty trade activities generally needed in the construction of all types of buildings. Exclusions. Force account construction is construction work performed by an enterprise primarily engaged in some business other than construction for its own account and use, using employees of the enterprise. This activity is not included in the construction sector unless the construction work performed is the primary activity of a separate establishment of the enterprise.

Construction ix 2002 Economic Census U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## The installation and the ongoing repair and maintenance of telecommunications and utility networks is excluded from construction when the establishments performing the work are not independent contractors. Although a growing proportion of this work is subcontracted to independentcontractors in the Construction Sector, the operating units of telecommunications and utility companies performing this work are included with the telecommunications or utility activities. The tabulations for this sector do not include central administrative offices, warehouses, or other establishments that serve construction establishments within the same organization. Data for such establishments are classified according to the nature of the service they provide. For example, separate headquarters establishments are reported in NAICS Sector 55, Management of Companies and Enterprises. The reports described below exclude establishments of firms with no paid employees. These “nonemployers,” typically self-employed individuals or partnerships operating businesses that they have not chosen to incorporate, are reported separately in Nonemployer Statistics. The contribution of nonemployers, relatively large for this sector, may be examined at www.census.gov/nonemployerimpact. Definitions. Industry categories are defined in Appendix B, NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions. Other terms are defined in Appendix A, Explanation of Terms.

REPORTS The following reports provide statistics on this sector. Industry Series. There are 31 reports, each covering a single NAICS industry (six-digit code). These reports include such statistics as number of establishments, employment, payroll, value added by construction, cost of materials, value of construction work, value of business done, capital expenditures, etc. The industry reports also include selected statistics for states. While most of the state data in the industry series reports are by physical location of the establishment, some data are available by reported location of the construction work. The data in industry reports are preliminary and subject to change in the following reports. Geographic Area Series. There are 51 separate reports, one for each state and the District of Columbia. Each state report present similar statistics at the “all construction” level for each state. Subject Series:

• Industry General Summary. This report contains industry statistics summarized in one

report. It includes higher levels of aggregation than the industry reports, as well as revisions to the data made after the release of the industry reports.

• Industry Kind Of Business and Type of Construction Summary. This report contains

industry kind of business and types of construction statistics summarized in one report. It includes higher levels of aggregation than the industry reports, as well as revisions to the data made after the release of the industry reports.

• Geographic Area Summary. This report contains industry and geographic area statistics summarized in one report. It includes higher levels of aggregation than the industry and state reports, as well as revisions to the data made after the release of the industry and state reports. Other reports. Data for this sector are also included in reports with multisector coverage, including Nonemployer Statistics, Comparative Statistics, Bridge Between 2002 NAICS and 1997 NAICS, Business Expenses, and the Survey of Business Owners reports.

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED

1. The United States as a whole. 2. States and the District of Columbia. x Construction 2002 Economic Census U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## 3. Census regions.The regions are made up of groups of states as follows: a. Northeast region: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont b. Midwest region: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsinc. South region: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia d. West region: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming DOLLAR VALUES All dollar values presented are expressed in current dollars; i.e., 2002 data are expressed in 2002 dollars, and 1997 data, in 1997 dollars. Consequently, when making comparisons with prior years, users of the data should consider the changes in prices that have occurred. All dollar values are shown in thousands of dollars. COMPARABILITY OF THE 1997 AND 2002 ECONOMIC CENSUSES Both the 2002 Economic Census and the 1997 Economic Census present data based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). There were substantial revisions made to the entire construction sector, for 2002. These changes are:

1. Each subsector has been reclassified in 2002 to: • 236—Construction of Buildings • 237—Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction • 238—Specialty Trade Contractors 2. Adopted several mining industries: • oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction, now in Industry 237120 • site preparation and related construction activities on a contract or fee basis, now in

Industry 238910. More detailed information of NAICS changes from 1997 to 2002, may be examined at http://www.census.gov/epcd/naics02/n02ton97.htm. In addition, there have been several additional data tables added, which did not exist in 1997. These tables for 2002 include e-commerce value of business done and leased and nonleaseddetail employment statistics by subsectors. Also included is housing starts by single NAICS industry (six-digit code). RELIABILITY OF DATA All data compiled for this sector are subject to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors can be attributed to many sources: inability to identify all cases in the actual universe; definition andclassification difficulties; differences in the interpretation of questions; errors in recording or coding the data obtained; and other errors of collection, response, coverage, processing, and estimation for missing or misreported data. No direct measurement of these effects has been obtained except for estimation for missing or misreported data, as by the percentages shown in the tables. Precautionary steps were taken in all phases of the collection, processing, and tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize the effects of nonsampling errors. More information on the reliability of the data is included in Appendix C, Methodology. Construction xi 2002 Economic Census U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## DISCLOSURE In accordance with federal law governing census reports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or company. However, the number of establishments in a specific industry or geographic area is not considereda disclosure; therefore, this information may be released even though other information is withheld. Techniques employed to limit disclosure are discussed at www.census.gov/epcd/ec02/disclosure.htm. AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT ECONOMIC DATA The U.S. Census Bureau’s monthly Construction Reports, Series C30, Value of New Construction Put in Place contain data related to construction sector census data. The main difference is that the C30 series covers all new construction put in place without regard to who is performing theconstruction activity. The construction sector census data covers both new construction and maintenance and repair work done by establishments classified in the construction industries. Significant amounts of construction are done by establishments classified outside of construction (realestate, manufacturing, utilities, and communications, for example), as both “force account” construction and construction done for others. In addition, the C30 series includes constructionrelated expenses such as architectural and engineering costs and the costs of materials supplied by owners that are normally not reflected in construction sector census data. Data contained in the 2002 construction sector may also differ from industry data in Employmentand Earnings Statistics, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Statistics of Income, published by the Internal Revenue Service. These differences arise from varying definitions of scope, coverage, timing, classification, and methodology.In additon, the County Business Patterns program offers annual statistics on the number of establishments, employment, and payroll classified by industry within each county, and Statistics ofU.S. Businesses provides annual statistics classified by the employment size of the enterprise, further classified by industry for the United States, and by broader categories for states and metropolitan areas. CONTACTS FOR DATA USERSQuestions about these data may be directed to the U.S. Census Bureau, Manufacturing & Construction Division, Information Services Center, 301-763-4673 or ask.census.gov. ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS The following abbreviations and symbols are used with these data: A Standard error of 100 percent or more D Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual companies; data are included in higher level totals F Exceeds 100 percent because data include establishments with payroll exceeding revenue N Not available or not comparable S Withheld because estimates did not meet publication standards X Not applicable Z Less than half the unit shown a 0 to 19 employees b 20 to 99 employees c 100 to 249 employees e 250 to 499 employees f 500 to 999 employees g 1,000 to 2,499 employees h 2,500 to 4,999 employees i 5,000 to 9,999 employees j 10,000 to 24,999 employees k 25,000 to 49,999 employees l 50,000 to 99,999 employees m 100,000 employees or more

xii Construction 2002 Economic Census U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## p 10 to 19 percent estimated q 20 to 29 percent estimated r Revised s Sampling error exceeds 40 percent nsk Not specified by kind – Represents zero (page image/print only) (CC) Consolidated city (IC) Independent city

Construction xiii 2002 Economic Census U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 1. 

# Employment Statistics for Establishments by Industry: 2002 [Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS code Industry Number of employees Number of construction workers in Payroll (thousand dollars) Number of estab lishments Total Con struction workers March May August November Total Con struction workers Relative standard error of estimate (percent) for column

 A B C D E F G H IB **23 Construction 710 307**  **7 193 069 5 317 758 5 121 516 5 336 464 5 527 704 5 285 346 254 292 144 173 250 477 –** 236 Construction of buildings 211 845  1 669 391 1 067 794 1 043 816 1 076 475 1 102 664 1 048 221 62 411 875 33 655 885 1 2361 Residential building construction 171 655  878 205 534 578 520 433 545 626 551 137 521 117 29 192 729 14 460 983 1 23611 Residential building construction 171 655  878 205 534 578 520 433 545 626 551 137 521 117 29 192 729 14 460 983 1 236115 New single family housing construction (except operative builders) 58 488  273 202 179 473 174 346 182 710 185 669 175 166 8 268 129 4 484 340 1 236116 New multifamily housing construction (except operative builders) 4 370  43 726 27 398 28 393 26 946 27 856 26 395 1 717 075 931 265 3 236117 New housing operative builders 26 046  241 069 120 071 116 768 121 499 122 839 119 178 10 504 023 4 116 274 1 236118 Residential remodelers 82 750  320 208 207 637 200 926 214 471 214 772 200 379 8 703 503 4 929 104 1 2362 Nonresidential building construction 40 190  791 186 533 216 523 383 530 849 551 528 527 104 33 219 145 19 194 903 1 23621 Industrial building construction 2 799  95 130 71 429 70 906 70 878 72 404 71 528 3 959 552 2 625 756 2 236210 Industrial building construction 2 799  95 130 71 429 70 906 70 878 72 404 71 528 3 959 552 2 625 756 2 23622 Commercial and institutional building construction 37 391  696 056 461 787 452 477 459 971 479 124 455 576 29 259 594 16 569 146 1 236220 Commercial and institutional building construction 37 391  696 056 461 787 452 477 459 971 479 124 455 576 29 259 594 16 569 146 1 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction 49 826  1 143 246 870 569 831 418 876 546 903 716 870 598 44 322 355 31 529 169 1 2371 Utility system construction 19 808  539 615 425 266 420 677 424 868 430 495 425 023 21 814 937 16 206 421 1 23711 Water and sewer line and related structures construction 12 395  198 622 156 692 148 015 156 903 163 759 158 090 7 360 570 5 295 621 2 237110 Water and sewer line and related structures construction 12 395  198 622 156 692 148 015 156 903 163 759 158 090 7 360 570 5 295 621 2 23712 Oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction 1 418  94 323 79 237 77 646 77 486 80 508 81 309 4 032 608 3 208 112 1 237120 Oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction 1 418  94 323 79 237 77 646 77 486 80 508 81 309 4 032 608 3 208 112 1 23713 Power and communication line and related structures construction 5 995  246 669 189 336 195 015 190 479 186 228 185 624 10 421 760 7 702 688 1 237130 Power and communication line and related structures construction 5 995  246 669 189 336 195 015 190 479 186 228 185 624 10 421 760 7 702 688 1 2372 Land subdivision 8 444  52 607 18 736 21 507 18 076 17 375 17 984 2 004 436 619 248 2 23721 Land subdivision 8 444  52 607 18 736 21 507 18 076 17 375 17 984 2 004 436 619 248 2 237210 Land subdivision 8 444  52 607 18 736 21 507 18 076 17 375 17 984 2 004 436 619 248 2 2373 Highway, street, and bridge construction 11 348  410 822 319 768 284 888 326 529 346 314 321 341 15 654 087 11 281 587 1 23731 Highway, street, and bridge construction 11 348  410 822 319 768 284 888 326 529 346 314 321 341 15 654 087 11 281 587 1 237310 Highway, street, and bridge construction 11 348  410 822 319 768 284 888 326 529 346 314 321 341 15 654 087 11 281 587 1 2379 Other heavy and civil engineering construction 10 227  140 202 106 800 104 347 107 073 109 531 106 251 4 848 895 3 421 914 3 23799 Other heavy and civil engineering construction 10 227  140 202 106 800 104 347 107 073 109 531 106 251 4 848 895 3 421 914 3 237990 Other heavy and civil engineering construction 10 227  140 202 106 800 104 347 107 073 109 531 106 251 4 848 895 3 421 914 3 238 Specialty trade contractors 448 636  4 380 432 3 379 394 3 246 282 3 383 443 3 521 325 3 366 526 147 557 914 108 065 423 – 2381 Foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors 109 709  1 133 888 922 920 879 864 915 970 973 036 922 811 33 837 807 25 490 198 1 23811 Poured concrete foundation and structure contractors 27 149  301 737 254 375 235 711 255 465 271 645 254 680 9 181 232 7 169 711 2 238110 Poured concrete foundation and structure contractors 27 149  301 737 254 375 235 711 255 465 271 645 254 680 9 181 232 7 169 711 2 23812 Structural steel and precast concrete contractors 4 329  76 861 62 510 61 577 62 453 64 684 61 326 2 905 566 2 218 380 3 238120 Structural steel and precast concrete contractors 4 329  76 861 62 510 61 577 62 453 64 684 61 326 2 905 566 2 218 380 3 23813 Framing contractors 14 438  153 636 130 863 133 653 127 475 134 850 127 473 4 415 319 3 519 790 4 238130 Framing contractors 14 438  153 636 130 863 133 653 127 475 134 850 127 473 4 415 319 3 519 790 4 23814 Masonry contractors 25 763  256 634 217 735 207 076 216 468 227 906 219 490 7 165 853 5 794 248 3 238140 Masonry contractors 25 763  256 634 217 735 207 076 216 468 227 906 219 490 7 165 853 5 794 248 3 23815 Glass and glazing contractors 5 294  49 840 33 114 32 296 32 849 33 962 33 349 1 758 140 1 087 610 3 238150 Glass and glazing contractors 5 294  49 840 33 114 32 296 32 849 33 962 33 349 1 758 140 1 087 610 3 23816 Roofing contractors 23 222  219 329 169 958 158 681 167 751 180 851 172 549 6 026 356 4 096 633 2 238160 Roofing contractors 23 222  219 329 169 958 158 681 167 751 180 851 172 549 6 026 356 4 096 633 2 23817 Siding contractors 6 675  43 000 30 241 27 513 30 448 31 933 31 070 1 191 892 801 190 3 238170 Siding contractors 6 675  43 000 30 241 27 513 30 448 31 933 31 070 1 191 892 801 190 3 23819 Other foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors 2 839  32 850 24 125 23 358 23 062 27 205 22 874 1 193 449 802 636 7 238190 Other foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors 2 839  32 850 24 125 23 358 23 062 27 205 22 874 1 193 449 802 636 7 See footnotes at end of table. 

# Construction

 Subject Series Industry General Summary 1 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 1. 

# Employment Statistics for Establishments by Industry: 2002

 Con. [Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS code Industry Number of employees Number of construction workers in Payroll (thousand dollars) Number of estab lishments Total Con struction workers March May August November Total Con struction workers Relative standard error of estimate (percent) for column

 A B C D E F G H IB **23 Construction**

 Con. 238 Specialty trade contractors

 Con. 2382 Building equipment contractors 156 888  1 836 651 1 379 434 1 351 221 1 381 862 1 414 520 1 370 134 70 521 723 51 595 537 – 23821 Electrical Contractors 62 862  763 949 597 200 581 950 596 672 616 256 593 922 29 572 975 22 336 069 1 238210 Electrical Contractors 62 862  763 949 597 200 581 950 596 672 616 256 593 922 29 572 975 22 336 069 1 23822 Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning contractors 87 936  954 095 696 890 683 997 700 391 713 153 690 019 36 018 541 25 681 108 1 238220 Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning contractors 87 936  954 095 696 890 683 997 700 391 713 153 690 019 36 018 541 25 681 108 1 23829 Other building equipment contractors 6 090  118 606 85 344 85 273 84 799 85 111 86 193 4 930 208 3 578 360 1 238290 Other building equipment contractors 6 090  118 606 85 344 85 273 84 799 85 111 86 193 4 930 208 3 578 360 1 2383 Building finishing contractors 119 352  886 267 682 793 652 896 686 455 715 292 676 528 26 454 300 19 149 896 1 23831 Drywall and insulation contractors 19 644  295 730 247 522 244 379 247 658 255 742 242 310 9 772 208 7 594 741 2 238310 Drywall and insulation contractors 19 644  295 730 247 522 244 379 247 658 255 742 242 310 9 772 208 7 594 741 2 23832 Painting and wall covering contractors 39 025  232 489 182 454 166 412 184 382 197 020 182 001 6 014 334 4 451 973 2 238320 Painting and wall covering contractors 39 025  232 489 182 454 166 412 184 382 197 020 182 001 6 014 334 4 451 973 2 23833 Flooring contractors 12 886  76 601 49 089 47 514 49 325 50 735 48 781 2 397 262 1 432 759 3 238330 Flooring contractors 12 886  76 601 49 089 47 514 49 325 50 735 48 781 2 397 262 1 432 759 3 23834 Tile and terrazzo contractors 8 927  58 774 43 723 41 949 44 069 44 942 43 931 1 834 142 1 259 772 4 238340 Tile and terrazzo contractors 8 927  58 774 43 723 41 949 44 069 44 942 43 931 1 834 142 1 259 772 4 23835 Finish carpentry contractors 35 094  171 836 122 460 115 731 123 599 128 588 121 921 4 708 451 3 235 982 2 238350 Finish carpentry contractors 35 094  171 836 122 460 115 731 123 599 128 588 121 921 4 708 451 3 235 982 2 23839 Other building finishing contractors 3 776  50 837 37 545 36 911 37 421 38 266 37 583 1 727 903 1 174 668 3 238390 Other building finishing contractors 3 776  50 837 37 545 36 911 37 421 38 266 37 583 1 727 903 1 174 668 3 2389 Other specialty trade contractors 62 687  523 626 394 246 362 301 399 156 418 476 397 053 16 744 084 11 829 792 1 23891 Site preparation contractors 30 589  284 528 222 469 202 990 223 784 237 126 225 974 9 769 890 7 152 966 1 238910 Site preparation contractors 30 589  284 528 222 469 202 990 223 784 237 126 225 974 9 769 890 7 152 966 1 23899 All other specialty trade contractors 32 098  239 098 171 778 159 310 175 372 181 350 171 079 6 974 194 4 676 826 2 238990 All other specialty trade contractors 32 098  239 098 171 778 159 310 175 372 181 350 171 079 6 974 194 4 676 826 2 Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The census results in this table contain sampling errors and nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.



# 2 Industry General Summary Construction

 Subject Series U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 2. 

# General Statistics for Establishments by Industry: 2002 [Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS code Industry E 1 Value of business

done2 Value of construction work2 Net value of construction work Value added Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels Cost of construction

work sub contracted out to others Total rental costs Capital expendi

tures, except

land Gross book value of depreciable assets, end of year **23 Construction 1**  **1 208 731 383 1 196 555 587 874 853 043 560 885 077 326 143 761 321 702 544 19 081 683 20 577 852 170 528 425** 236 Construction of buildings 1  525 676 863 521 849 755 282 418 326 172 207 078 114 038 356 239 431 429 3 692 567 3 896 676 27 737 381 2361 Residential building construction 2  264 751 784 262 855 123 164 032 913 93 601 674 72 327 900 98 822 210 1 426 278 2 248 519 13 563 643 23611 Residential building construction 2  264 751 784 262 855 123 164 032 913 93 601 674 72 327 900 98 822 210 1 426 278 2 248 519 13 563 643 236115 New single family housing construction (except operative builders) 2  62 265 451 61 875 636 38 629 224 19 708 450 19 310 590 23 246 412 400 463 622 079 3 981 444 236116 New multifamily housing construction (except operative builders) 2  17 024 052 16 724 310 7 504 801 4 162 673 3 641 869 9 219 509 112 679 191 462 847 959 236117 New housing operative builders 1  140 227 156 139 220 841 87 271 038 51 444 120 36 833 234 51 949 803 505 830 907 077 5 502 444 236118 Residential remodelers 3  45 235 125 45 034 336 30 627 850 18 286 431 12 542 208 14 406 486 407 305 527 900 3 231 796 2362 Nonresidential building construction –  260 925 079 258 994 632 118 385 413 78 605 404 41 710 455 140 609 219 2 266 289 1 648 157 14 173 737 23621 Industrial building construction 1  17 665 646 17 514 797 9 899 253 6 435 769 3 614 333 7 615 544 208 984 222 419 1 571 921 236210 Industrial building construction 1  17 665 646 17 514 797 9 899 253 6 435 769 3 614 333 7 615 544 208 984 222 419 1 571 921 23622 Commercial and institutional building construction –  243 259 432 241 479 835 108 486 159 72 169 635 38 096 122 132 993 675 2 057 306 1 425 739 12 601 817 236220 Commercial and institutional building construction –  243 259 432 241 479 835 108 486 159 72 169 635 38 096 122 132 993 675 2 057 306 1 425 739 12 601 817 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction 1  197 947 805 194 217 995 157 376 122 102 902 715 58 203 218 36 841 873 5 690 157 6 502 408 62 547 861 2371 Utility system construction –  79 098 333 78 139 578 67 174 755 46 303 951 21 829 559 10 964 823 2 403 950 2 302 537 22 491 676 23711 Water and sewer line and related structures construction 1  32 669 590 32 481 745 26 817 534 16 021 607 10 983 771 5 664 212 1 045 830 1 205 264 11 894 228 237110 Water and sewer line and related structures construction 1  32 669 590 32 481 745 26 817 534 16 021 607 10 983 771 5 664 212 1 045 830 1 205 264 11 894 228 23712 Oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction –  11 714 846 11 579 708 10 332 528 7 750 722 2 716 945 1 247 179 480 841 315 043 3 318 921 237120 Oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction –  11 714 846 11 579 708 10 332 528 7 750 722 2 716 945 1 247 179 480 841 315 043 3 318 921 23713 Power and communication line and related structures construction –  34 713 897 34 078 125 30 024 693 22 531 622 8 128 844 4 053 432 877 279 782 230 7 278 528 237130 Power and communication line and related structures construction –  34 713 897 34 078 125 30 024 693 22 531 622 8 128 844 4 053 432 877 279 782 230 7 278 528 2372 Land subdivision 3  14 423 725 13 926 888 10 836 128 9 145 936 2 187 029 3 090 760 114 384 249 451 2 398 732 23721 Land subdivision 3  14 423 725 13 926 888 10 836 128 9 145 936 2 187 029 3 090 760 114 384 249 451 2 398 732 237210 Land subdivision 3  14 423 725 13 926 888 10 836 128 9 145 936 2 187 029 3 090 760 114 384 249 451 2 398 732 2373 Highway, street, and bridge construction –  83 355 188 81 412 178 62 094 794 35 976 250 28 061 553 19 317 384 2 501 070 2 902 082 28 788 755 23731 Highway, street, and bridge construction –  83 355 188 81 412 178 62 094 794 35 976 250 28 061 553 19 317 384 2 501 070 2 902 082 28 788 755 237310 Highway, street, and bridge construction –  83 355 188 81 412 178 62 094 794 35 976 250 28 061 553 19 317 384 2 501 070 2 902 082 28 788 755 2379 Other heavy and civil engineering construction 2  21 070 559 20 739 350 17 270 445 11 476 577 6 125 077 3 468 905 670 754 1 048 338 8 868 698 23799 Other heavy and civil engineering construction 2  21 070 559 20 739 350 17 270 445 11 476 577 6 125 077 3 468 905 670 754 1 048 338 8 868 698 237990 Other heavy and civil engineering construction 2  21 070 559 20 739 350 17 270 445 11 476 577 6 125 077 3 468 905 670 754 1 048 338 8 868 698 238 Specialty trade contractors 1  485 106 715 480 487 838 435 058 595 285 775 284 153 902 188 45 429 243 9 698 959 10 178 768 80 243 183 2381 Foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors 2  115 105 705 114 440 849 104 710 993 66 425 427 38 950 422 9 729 856 2 265 810 2 274 581 17 105 006 23811 Poured concrete foundation and structure contractors 2  33 886 620 33 771 732 30 511 995 18 118 819 12 508 064 3 259 737 678 124 813 759 6 234 665 238110 Poured concrete foundation and structure contractors 2  33 886 620 33 771 732 30 511 995 18 118 819 12 508 064 3 259 737 678 124 813 759 6 234 665 23812 Structural steel and precast concrete contractors 2  8 770 651 8 723 843 7 985 591 5 822 444 2 209 955 738 252 342 697 198 815 1 727 597 238120 Structural steel and precast concrete contractors 2  8 770 651 8 723 843 7 985 591 5 822 444 2 209 955 738 252 342 697 198 815 1 727 597 23813 Framing contractors 1  14 580 872 14 428 519 12 649 952 8 588 075 4 214 230 1 778 567 154 317 194 665 1 097 291 238130 Framing contractors 1  14 580 872 14 428 519 12 649 952 8 588 075 4 214 230 1 778 567 154 317 194 665 1 097 291 23814 Masonry contractors 2  20 320 781 20 270 485 19 210 228 13 172 591 6 087 934 1 060 256 392 840 418 916 3 040 440 238140 Masonry contractors 2  20 320 781 20 270 485 19 210 228 13 172 591 6 087 934 1 060 256 392 840 418 916 3 040 440 23815 Glass and glazing contractors 1  6 398 245 6 269 870 6 002 683 3 501 874 2 629 183 267 187 165 390 74 448 728 564 238150 Glass and glazing contractors 1  6 398 245 6 269 870 6 002 683 3 501 874 2 629 183 267 187 165 390 74 448 728 564 23816 Roofing contractors 2  23 104 101 23 012 307 21 119 640 12 812 235 8 399 199 1 892 667 364 132 450 263 3 280 651 238160 Roofing contractors 2  23 104 101 23 012 307 21 119 640 12 812 235 8 399 199 1 892 667 364 132 450 263 3 280 651 23817 Siding contractors 1  4 334 238 4 288 346 3 842 280 2 272 931 1 615 242 446 065 71 961 67 347 489 483 238170 Siding contractors 1  4 334 238 4 288 346 3 842 280 2 272 931 1 615 242 446 065 71 961 67 347 489 483 23819 Other foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors –  3 710 197 3 675 748 3 388 623 2 136 458 1 286 614 287 125 96 350 56 368 506 316 238190 Other foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors –  3 710 197 3 675 748 3 388 623 2 136 458 1 286 614 287 125 96 350 56 368 506 316 2382 Building equipment contractors 1  217 478 341 215 586 157 197 756 531 129 625 207 70 023 508 17 829 626 3 556 524 3 330 942 26 747 191 23821 Electrical Contractors 1  83 377 541 82 663 284 78 140 458 52 085 071 26 769 643 4 522 826 1 299 210 1 196 416 9 590 606 238210 Electrical Contractors 1  83 377 541 82 663 284 78 140 458 52 085 071 26 769 643 4 522 826 1 299 210 1 196 416 9 590 606 23822 Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning contractors 1  119 389 455 118 447 213 105 962 075 67 463 833 39 440 484 12 485 138 1 920 145 1 849 244 15 044 183 238220 Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning contractors 1  119 389 455 118 447 213 105 962 075 67 463 833 39 440 484 12 485 138 1 920 145 1 849 244 15 044 183 23829 Other building equipment contractors 1  14 711 346 14 475 660 13 653 998 10 076 303 3 813 381 821 662 337 170 285 282 2 112 402 238290 Other building equipment contractors 1  14 711 346 14 475 660 13 653 998 10 076 303 3 813 381 821 662 337 170 285 282 2 112 402 See footnotes at end of table. 

# Construction

 Subject Series Industry General Summary 3 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 2. 

# General Statistics for Establishments by Industry: 2002

 Con. [Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS code Industry E 1 Value of business

done2 Value of construction work2 Net value of construction work Value added Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels Cost of construction

work sub contracted out to others Total rental costs Capital expendi

tures, except

land Gross book value of depreciable assets, end of year **23 Construction**

 Con. 238 Specialty trade contractors

 Con. 2383 Building finishing contractors 2  86 652 636 85 945 755 76 498 805 51 280 535 25 925 151 9 446 950 1 474 636 1 295 500 9 067 663 23831 Drywall and insulation contractors 1  30 906 825 30 824 777 27 060 957 18 068 021 9 074 984 3 763 820 455 340 348 604 2 419 356 238310 Drywall and insulation contractors 1  30 906 825 30 824 777 27 060 957 18 068 021 9 074 984 3 763 820 455 340 348 604 2 419 356 23832 Painting and wall covering contractors 2  16 958 293 16 868 810 15 329 694 11 523 765 3 895 412 1 539 116 353 344 326 511 2 442 147 238320 Painting and wall covering contractors 2  16 958 293 16 868 810 15 329 694 11 523 765 3 895 412 1 539 116 353 344 326 511 2 442 147 23833 Flooring contractors 2  9 518 745 9 387 919 8 279 426 4 788 567 3 621 685 1 108 493 162 617 128 397 956 465 238330 Flooring contractors 2  9 518 745 9 387 919 8 279 426 4 788 567 3 621 685 1 108 493 162 617 128 397 956 465 23834 Tile and terrazzo contractors 2  5 908 510 5 852 769 5 634 129 3 747 534 1 942 336 218 640 81 433 95 760 639 441 238340 Tile and terrazzo contractors 2  5 908 510 5 852 769 5 634 129 3 747 534 1 942 336 218 640 81 433 95 760 639 441 23835 Finish carpentry contractors 3  18 439 604 18 134 124 15 621 018 9 737 285 6 189 212 2 513 106 298 264 321 118 2 093 450 238350 Finish carpentry contractors 3  18 439 604 18 134 124 15 621 018 9 737 285 6 189 212 2 513 106 298 264 321 118 2 093 450 23839 Other building finishing contractors 1  4 920 658 4 877 356 4 573 582 3 415 363 1 201 521 303 774 123 638 75 109 516 805 238390 Other building finishing contractors 1  4 920 658 4 877 356 4 573 582 3 415 363 1 201 521 303 774 123 638 75 109 516 805 2389 Other specialty trade contractors 1  65 870 033 64 515 077 56 092 265 38 444 115 19 003 107 8 422 812 2 401 989 3 277 745 27 323 322 23891 Site preparation contractors 1  38 290 034 37 754 592 32 533 940 23 286 650 9 782 732 5 220 653 1 702 202 2 332 166 19 683 890 238910 Site preparation contractors 1  38 290 034 37 754 592 32 533 940 23 286 650 9 782 732 5 220 653 1 702 202 2 332 166 19 683 890 23899 All other specialty trade contractors 2  27 579 999 26 760 485 23 558 326 15 157 465 9 220 375 3 202 159 699 787 945 580 7 639 432 238990 All other specialty trade contractors 2  27 579 999 26 760 485 23 558 326 15 157 465 9 220 375 3 202 159 699 787 945 580 7 639 432

1 Construction receipts were obtained from census respondent forms. Data for establishments whose respondent forms were not received at the time data were tabulated were calculated using industry averages and imputation for nonresponse. The following symbols are shown where estimated imputation based data on construction receipts account for 10 percent or more of the figures shown: 1–10 to 19 percent; 2–20 to 29 percent; 3–30 to 39 percent; 4–40 to 49 percent; 5–50 to 59 percent; 6–60 to 69 percent; 7–70 to79 percent; 8–80 to 89 percent; 9–90 percent or more. 2 For the 2002 Economic Census, the definitions of value of business done and value of construction work have been modified from the 1997 Economic Census definitions. See Appendix A for the modified definitions. Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The census results in this table contain sampling errors and nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactF inder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.



# 4 Industry General Summary Construction

 Subject Series U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 3. 

# Detailed Statistics for Establishments by Subsector: 2002 [Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A] Item Value Relative standard error of estimate (percent) 

### 23, Construction All establishments number   710 307 – All employees number   7 193 069 – Construction workers in March number   5 121 516 – Construction workers in May number   5 336 464 – Construction workers in August number   5 527 704 – Construction workers in November number   5 285 346 – Average number of construction workers number   5 317 758 – Other employees in March number   1 954 203 – Other employees in May number   1 818 293 – Other employees in August number   1 860 101 – Other employees in November number   1 868 647 – Average number of other employees number   1 875 311 – Total payroll $1,000   254 292 144 – Construction workers $1,000   173 250 477 – Other employees $1,000   81 041 666 – First quarter payroll, all employees $1,000   59 468 237 – Fringe benefits, all employees $1,000   60 037 983 – Legally required expenditures $1,000   35 557 753 – Voluntary expenditures $1,000   24 480 231 – Value of business done 1 $1,000   1 208 731 383 – Value of construction work 1 $1,000   1 196 555 587 – Value of construction work on government owned projects $1,000   300 087 451 – Value of construction work on federally owned projects $1,000   68 753 843 1 Value of construction work on state and locally owned projects $1,000   231 333 608 – Value of construction work on privately owned projects $1,000   896 468 136 – Other business receipts $1,000   12 175 796 1 Value of construction work subcontracted in from others $1,000   407 249 075 – Net value of construction work $1,000   874 853 043 – Value added $1,000   560 885 077 – Selected costs $1,000   647 846 306 – Materials, parts, and supplies $1,000   310 680 005 – Construction work subcontracted out to others $1,000   321 702 544 – Selected power, fuels, and lubricants $1,000   15 463 757 – Purchased electricity $1,000   2 574 813 – Natural gas and manufactured gas $1,000   1 071 621 1 Gasoline and diesel fuel $1,000   10 953 670 – On highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel $1,000   8 019 037 – Off highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel $1,000   2 934 633 1 All other fuels and lubricants $1,000   863 652 1 Total rental costs $1,000   19 081 683 – Machinery and equipment $1,000   12 562 040 1 Buildings $1,000   6 519 643 – Selected purchased services $1,000   33 126 769 1 Communication services $1,000   9 455 240 – Repairs to buildings and other structures $1,000   5 022 231 1 Repairs to machinery and equipment $1,000   8 582 255 1 Legal services $1,000   2 197 008 1 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services $1,000   3 579 958 2 Advertising and promotional services $1,000   4 290 078 1 Gross book value of depreciable assets, beginning of year $1,000   156 973 009 – Capital expenditures, except land $1,000   20 577 852 1 Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets $1,000   7 022 435 1 Gross book value of depreciable assets, end of year $1,000   170 528 425 – Depreciation charges during year $1,000   18 193 890 – Establishments with inventories number   116 825 – Value of construction work for establishments with inventories $1,000   321 921 238 – End of 2002, inventories of materials and supplies $1,000   17 015 820 2 End of 2001, inventories of materials and supplies $1,000   15 341 063 2 Establishments with no inventories number   539 613 – Value of construction work for establishments with no inventories $1,000   819 975 766 – Establishments not reporting inventories number   53 869 – Value of construction work for establishments not reporting inventores $1,000   54 658 583 – 

### 236, Construction of buildings All establishments number   211 845 1 All employees number   1 669 391 1 Construction workers in March number   1 043 816 1 Construction workers in May number   1 076 475 1 Construction workers in August number   1 102 664 1 Construction workers in November number   1 048 221 1 Average number of construction workers number   1 067 794 1 Other employees in March number   609 523 1 Other employees in May number   582 497 1 Other employees in August number   601 876 1 Other employees in November number   612 490 1 Average number of other employees number   601 596 1 Total payroll $1,000   62 411 875 – Construction workers $1,000   33 655 885 1 Other employees $1,000   28 755 989 – First quarter payroll, all employees $1,000   14 895 997 – Fringe benefits, all employees $1,000   12 364 841 – Legally required expenditures $1,000   7 943 423 1 Voluntary expenditures $1,000   4 421 418 1 See footnotes at end of table. 

# Construction

 Subject Series Industry General Summary 5 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 3. 

# Detailed Statistics for Establishments by Subsector: 2002

 Con. [Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A] Item Value Relative standard error of estimate (percent) 

### 23, Construction

 Con. 236, Construction of buildings

 Con. Value of business done 1 $1,000   525 676 863 – Value of construction work 1 $1,000   521 849 755 – Value of construction work on government owned projects $1,000   104 815 339 1 Value of construction work on federally owned projects $1,000   28 819 656 1 Value of construction work on state and locally owned projects $1,000   75 995 683 1 Value of construction work on privately owned projects $1,000   417 034 415 1 Other business receipts $1,000   3 827 108 3 Value of construction work subcontracted in from others $1,000   79 261 110 1 Net value of construction work $1,000   282 418 326 1 Value added $1,000   172 207 078 1 Selected costs $1,000   353 469 784 1 Materials, parts, and supplies $1,000   109 872 324 1 Construction work subcontracted out to others $1,000   239 431 429 1 Selected power, fuels, and lubricants $1,000   4 166 031 1 Purchased electricity $1,000   1 206 252 1 Natural gas and manufactured gas $1,000   417 702 1 Gasoline and diesel fuel $1,000   2 369 817 1 On highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel $1,000   1 973 155 1 Off highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel $1,000   396 662 1 All other fuels and lubricants $1,000   172 260 1 Total rental costs $1,000   3 692 567 1 Machinery and equipment $1,000   1 846 828 1 Buildings $1,000   1 845 739 1 Selected purchased services $1,000   10 103 132 1 Communication services $1,000   3 798 230 1 Repairs to buildings and other structures $1,000   1 411 511 3 Repairs to machinery and equipment $1,000   1 503 089 2 Legal services $1,000   808 353 2 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services $1,000   908 366 6 Advertising and promotional services $1,000   1 673 583 2 Gross book value of depreciable assets, beginning of year $1,000   25 229 323 1 Capital expenditures, except land $1,000   3 896 676 1 Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets $1,000   1 388 618 2 Gross book value of depreciable assets, end of year $1,000   27 737 381 1 Depreciation charges during year $1,000   2 843 938 1 Establishments with inventories number   19 614 – Value of construction work for establishments with inventories $1,000   86 960 506 – End of 2002, inventories of materials and supplies $1,000   9 290 012 3 End of 2001, inventories of materials and supplies $1,000   8 104 865 3 Establishments with no inventories number   188 588 – Value of construction work for establishments with no inventories $1,000   427 358 529 – Establishments not reporting inventories number   3 643 – Value of construction work for establishments not reporting inventores $1,000   7 530 720 – 

### 237, Heavy and civil engineering construction All establishments number   49 826 1 All employees number   1 143 246 1 Construction workers in March number   831 418 1 Construction workers in May number   876 546 1 Construction workers in August number   903 716 1 Construction workers in November number   870 598 1 Average number of construction workers number   870 569 1 Other employees in March number   277 635 1 Other employees in May number   272 239 1 Other employees in August number   272 480 1 Other employees in November number   268 353 1 Average number of other employees number   272 677 1 Total payroll $1,000   44 322 355 1 Construction workers $1,000   31 529 169 1 Other employees $1,000   12 793 186 1 First quarter payroll, all employees $1,000   9 824 801 1 Fringe benefits, all employees $1,000   11 236 696 1 Legally required expenditures $1,000   6 310 075 1 Voluntary expenditures $1,000   4 926 620 1 Value of business done 1 $1,000   197 947 805 1 Value of construction work 1 $1,000   194 217 995 1 Value of construction work on government owned projects $1,000   96 068 375 1 Value of construction work on federally owned projects $1,000   14 342 525 1 Value of construction work on state and locally owned projects $1,000   81 725 850 1 Value of construction work on privately owned projects $1,000   98 149 620 1 Other business receipts $1,000   3 729 811 2 Value of construction work subcontracted in from others $1,000   50 424 626 1 Net value of construction work $1,000   157 376 122 1 Value added $1,000   102 902 715 1 Selected costs $1,000   95 045 091 1 Materials, parts, and supplies $1,000   54 375 012 1 Construction work subcontracted out to others $1,000   36 841 873 1 Selected power, fuels, and lubricants $1,000   3 828 206 1 Purchased electricity $1,000   386 117 1 Natural gas and manufactured gas $1,000   240 206 2 Gasoline and diesel fuel $1,000   2 865 672 1 On highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel $1,000   1 460 386 1 Off highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel $1,000   1 405 286 1 All other fuels and lubricants $1,000   336 211 1 See footnotes at end of table. 

# 6 Industry General Summary Construction

 Subject Series U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 3. 

# Detailed Statistics for Establishments by Subsector: 2002

 Con. [Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A] Item Value Relative standard error of estimate (percent) 

### 23, Construction

 Con. 237, Heavy and civil engineering construction

 Con. Total rental costs $1,000   5 690 157 1 Machinery and equipment $1,000   4 907 474 1 Buildings $1,000   782 684 1 Selected purchased services $1,000   6 911 248 1 Communication services $1,000   1 498 178 1 Repairs to buildings and other structures $1,000   1 219 216 1 Repairs to machinery and equipment $1,000   2 876 605 1 Legal services $1,000   429 924 2 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services $1,000   530 690 3 Advertising and promotional services $1,000   356 636 4 Gross book value of depreciable assets, beginning of year $1,000   58 609 747 1 Capital expenditures, except land $1,000   6 502 408 1 Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets $1,000   2 564 294 1 Gross book value of depreciable assets, end of year $1,000   62 547 861 1 Depreciation charges during year $1,000   6 329 575 1 Establishments with inventories number   8 339 – Value of construction work for establishments with inventories $1,000   57 852 336 – End of 2002, inventories of materials and supplies $1,000   2 167 698 6 End of 2001, inventories of materials and supplies $1,000   1 965 445 4 Establishments with no inventories number   37 184 – Value of construction work for establishments with no inventories $1,000   127 146 187 – Establishments not reporting inventories number   4 302 – Value of construction work for establishments not reporting inventores $1,000   9 219 471 – 

### 238, Specialty trade contractors All establishments number   448 636 1 All employees number   4 380 432 – Construction workers in March number   3 246 282 1 Construction workers in May number   3 383 443 – Construction workers in August number   3 521 325 – Construction workers in November number   3 366 526 – Average number of construction workers number   3 379 394 – Other employees in March number   1 067 045 – Other employees in May number   963 558 – Other employees in August number   985 745 – Other employees in November number   987 804 – Average number of other employees number   1 001 038 – Total payroll $1,000   147 557 914 – Construction workers $1,000   108 065 423 – Other employees $1,000   39 492 491 – First quarter payroll, all employees $1,000   34 747 439 – Fringe benefits, all employees $1,000   36 436 447 – Legally required expenditures $1,000   21 304 254 – Voluntary expenditures $1,000   15 132 193 – Value of business done 1 $1,000   485 106 715 – Value of construction work 1 $1,000   480 487 838 – Value of construction work on government owned projects $1,000   99 203 737 1 Value of construction work on federally owned projects $1,000   25 591 662 1 Value of construction work on state and locally owned projects $1,000   73 612 075 1 Value of construction work on privately owned projects $1,000   381 284 100 – Other business receipts $1,000   4 618 877 1 Value of construction work subcontracted in from others $1,000   277 563 339 – Net value of construction work $1,000   435 058 595 – Value added $1,000   285 775 284 – Selected costs $1,000   199 331 431 – Materials, parts, and supplies $1,000   146 432 669 – Construction work subcontracted out to others $1,000   45 429 243 1 Selected power, fuels, and lubricants $1,000   7 469 519 1 Purchased electricity $1,000   982 444 1 Natural gas and manufactured gas $1,000   413 713 2 Gasoline and diesel fuel $1,000   5 718 180 1 On highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel $1,000   4 585 495 1 Off highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel $1,000   1 132 685 1 All other fuels and lubricants $1,000   355 181 3 Total rental costs $1,000   9 698 959 1 Machinery and equipment $1,000   5 807 739 1 Buildings $1,000   3 891 220 1 Selected purchased services $1,000   16 112 388 1 Communication services $1,000   4 158 832 1 Repairs to buildings and other structures $1,000   2 391 504 1 Repairs to machinery and equipment $1,000   4 202 561 1 Legal services $1,000   958 730 3 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services $1,000   2 140 902 2 Advertising and promotional services $1,000   2 259 859 2 Gross book value of depreciable assets, beginning of year $1,000   73 133 939 1 Capital expenditures, except land $1,000   10 178 768 1 Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets $1,000   3 069 524 2 Gross book value of depreciable assets, end of year $1,000   80 243 183 1 Depreciation charges during year $1,000   9 020 377 1 Establishments with inventories number   88 872 – Value of construction work for establishments with inventories $1,000   177 108 396 – End of 2002, inventories of materials and supplies $1,000   5 558 110 1 End of 2001, inventories of materials and supplies $1,000   5 270 752 1 Establishments with no inventories number   313 841 – See footnotes at end of table. 

# Construction

 Subject Series Industry General Summary 7 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 3. 

# Detailed Statistics for Establishments by Subsector: 2002

 Con. [Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A] Item Value Relative standard error of estimate (percent) 

### 23, Construction

 Con. 238, Specialty trade contractors

 Con. Value of construction work for establishments with no inventories $1,000   265 471 050 – Establishments not reporting inventories number   45 924 – Value of construction work for establishments not reporting inventores $1,000   37 908 392 –

1 For the 2002 Economic Census, the definitions of value of business done and value of construction work have been modified from the 1997 Economic Census definitions. See Appendix A for the modified definitions. Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The census results in this table contain sampling errors and nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactF inder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.



# 8 Industry General Summary Construction

 Subject Series U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 4. 

# Selected Statistics for Establishments by Employment Size Class and Subsector: **2002** [Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see Appendix A]

Employment size class E 1 Number of estab lishments Total number of employees Total payroll Value of business

done2 Value of construction work2 Net value of construction work Value added Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others Relative standard error of estimate (percent) for column

 AB C D E F G H I JC 

### 23, Construction All establishments 1  710 307 7 193 069 254 292 144 1 208 731 383 1 196 555 587 874 853 043 560 885 077 326 143 761 321 702 544 – Establishments with



1 to 4 employees –  421 959 865 891 19 498 946 124 831 521 123 910 656 94 872 602 55 536 892 40 256 574 29 038 054 1 5 to 9 employees –  140 498 890 968 24 827 472 117 135 282 116 095 959 90 468 772 55 960 454 35 547 641 25 627 187 1 10 to 19 employees –  78 917 1 046 853 34 444 000 147 886 386 146 360 984 112 281 565 71 127 343 42 679 623 34 079 419 1 20 to 49 employees –  46 625 1 386 208 52 393 597 221 316 984 218 703 496 164 322 978 106 280 742 60 655 724 54 380 518 1 50 to 99 employees –  13 649 930 246 37 804 507 174 077 659 172 139 219 123 353 305 80 036 042 45 255 702 48 785 914 1 100 to 249 employees –  6 640 981 340 41 156 950 203 585 889 201 563 504 140 211 214 91 917 550 50 316 049 61 352 290 1 250 to 499 employees –  1 434 484 560 20 011 585 105 170 732 103 950 878 69 236 452 46 824 967 23 631 339 34 714 425 1 500 to 999 employees –  422 283 433 11 519 446 59 183 949 58 626 539 40 034 149 24 889 336 15 702 223 18 592 390 – 1,000 employees or more –  163 323 571 12 635 641 55 542 982 55 204 352 40 072 006 28 311 751 12 098 885 15 132 346 – 

### 236, Construction of

buildings All establishments 1  211 845 1 669 391 62 411 875 525 676 863 521 849 755 282 418 326 172 207 078 114 038 356 239 431 429 1 Establishments with



1 to 4 employees –  141 217 284 215 6 800 025 64 796 866 64 432 451 41 448 885 20 675 830 21 137 471 22 983 565 1 5 to 9 employees –  37 587 236 116 7 076 543 53 096 207 52 684 154 32 878 797 17 985 011 15 305 838 19 805 358 2 10 to 19 employees –  19 174 253 142 8 860 730 63 120 788 62 605 569 36 606 706 21 182 335 15 939 590 25 998 863 2 20 to 49 employees –  9 518 281 137 11 469 026 86 343 964 85 461 571 45 096 199 28 201 452 17 777 140 40 365 372 2 50 to 99 employees –  2 652 181 750 8 201 514 72 567 861 71 973 429 35 934 273 23 143 022 13 385 682 36 039 156 1 100 to 249 employees –  1 253 188 140 8 816 368 89 068 914 88 505 184 43 806 706 29 117 070 15 253 366 44 698 478 1 250 to 499 employees –  311 106 151 4 881 222 49 021 685 48 618 035 23 187 029 16 609 924 6 980 755 25 431 006 1 500 to 999 employees –  89 61 644 2 752 517 23 618 721 23 567 595 10 888 572 6 848 011 4 091 687 12 679 023 – 1,000 employees or more –  44 77 097 3 553 930 24 041 857 24 001 766 12 571 159 8 444 424 4 166 826 11 430 607 – 

### 237, Heavy and civil

engineering construction All establishments 1  49 826 1 143 246 44 322 355 197 947 805 194 217 995 157 376 122 102 902 715 58 203 218 36 841 873 1 Establishments with



1 to 4 employees –  22 853 48 284 1 302 926 8 923 713 8 756 145 7 359 856 5 515 913 2 011 511 1 396 289 3 5 to 9 employees –  9 551 60 992 1 964 275 9 003 085 8 861 641 7 646 234 5 327 258 2 460 421 1 215 406 3 10 to 19 employees –  7 334 97 884 3 688 848 14 944 961 14 683 160 12 537 023 8 461 132 4 337 692 2 146 136 3 20 to 49 employees –  5 895 180 813 7 105 195 29 897 953 29 404 326 24 639 015 15 922 305 9 210 337 4 765 311 2 50 to 99 employees –  2 231 153 954 6 283 942 28 267 451 27 760 529 22 287 890 13 982 999 8 811 812 5 472 639 1 100 to 249 employees –  1 406 211 743 8 831 830 41 167 741 40 225 757 31 044 797 19 757 529 12 229 252 9 180 960 1 250 to 499 employees –  362 123 703 5 024 164 23 628 486 23 049 531 17 462 705 11 363 071 6 678 589 5 586 827 1 500 to 999 employees –  121 83 206 3 391 876 17 745 433 17 399 244 13 527 471 7 462 351 6 411 309 3 871 773 1 1,000 employees or more –  73 182 667 6 729 298 24 368 982 24 077 662 20 871 131 15 110 157 6 052 294 3 206 531 – 

### 238, Specialty trade

contractors All establishments 1  448 636 4 380 432 147 557 914 485 106 715 480 487 838 435 058 595 285 775 284 153 902 188 45 429 243 – Establishments with



1 to 4 employees –  257 889 533 392 11 395 995 51 110 941 50 722 061 46 063 860 29 345 149 17 107 592 4 658 200 1 5 to 9 employees –  93 360 593 860 15 786 654 55 035 990 54 550 164 49 943 741 32 648 185 17 781 382 4 606 423 1 10 to 19 employees –  52 410 695 826 21 894 422 69 820 637 69 072 255 63 137 836 41 483 877 22 402 340 5 934 420 1 20 to 49 employees –  31 212 924 258 33 819 375 105 075 067 103 837 598 94 587 764 62 156 985 33 668 247 9 249 834 1 50 to 99 employees –  8 767 594 541 23 319 051 73 242 347 72 405 261 65 131 142 42 910 021 23 058 208 7 274 118 1 100 to 249 employees –  3 980 581 457 23 508 752 73 349 234 72 832 563 65 359 711 43 042 951 22 833 430 7 472 852 1 250 to 499 employees –  761 254 706 10 106 199 32 520 560 32 283 311 28 586 719 18 851 972 9 971 996 3 696 592 2 500 to 999 employees –  211 138 583 5 375 053 17 819 796 17 659 701 15 618 106 10 578 974 5 199 227 2 041 595 1 1,000 employees or more –  46 63 807 2 352 413 7 132 143 7 124 924 6 629 716 4 757 170 1 879 765 495 208 2

1 Construction receipts were obtained from census respondent forms. Data for establishments whose respondent forms were not received at the time data were tabulated were calculated using industry averages and imputation for nonresponse. The following symbols are shown where estimated imputation based data on construction receipts account for 10 percent or more of the figures shown: 1–10 to 19 percent; 2–20 to 29 percent; 3–30 to 39 percent; 4–40 to 49 percent; 5–50 to 59 percent; 6–60 to 69 percent; 7–70 to79 percent; 8–80 to 89 percent; 9–90 percent or more. 2 For the 2002 Economic Census, the definitions of value of business done and value of construction work have been modified from the 1997 Economic Census definitions. See Appendix A for the modified definitions. Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The census results in this table contain sampling errors and nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactF inder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.



# Construction

 Subject Series Industry General Summary 9 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 5. 

# Selected Statistics for Establishments by Value of Business Done Size Class and **Subsector: 2002** [Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see Appendix A]

Dollar value size class E 1 Number of estab lishments Total number of employees Total payroll Value of business

done2 Value of construction work2 Net value of construction work Value added Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others Relative standard error of estimate (percent) for column

 AB C D E F G H I JG 

### 23, Construction All establishments 1  710 307 7 193 069 254 292 144 1 208 731 383 1 196 555 587 874 853 043 560 885 077 326 143 761 321 702 544 – Establishments with value of business done

 Less than $25,000 1  9 184 S 55 912 174 231 173 258 159 336 118 022 42 287 13 922 5 $25,000 to $49,999 –  31 711 S 374 442 1 190 938 1 183 787 1 055 472 733 351 329 273 128 315 2 $50,000 to $99,999 –  75 096 118 066 1 590 012 5 609 309 5 576 854 4 907 577 3 264 809 1 675 225 669 276 2 $100,000 to $249,999 –  183 250 443 361 8 043 841 30 436 974 30 238 742 26 458 166 17 307 078 9 349 321 3 780 575 1 $250,000 to $499,999 –  138 335 562 725 13 137 454 49 104 576 48 725 428 42 131 891 26 920 808 15 590 231 6 593 537 1 $500,000 to $999,999 –  106 324 720 566 19 742 727 74 919 136 74 305 636 62 913 089 39 839 958 23 686 632 11 392 547 1 $1,000,000 to $2,499,999 –  89 725 1 105 349 36 093 259 139 405 891 137 957 015 113 305 654 70 975 278 43 779 251 24 651 362 1 $2,500,000 to $4,999,999 –  37 075 866 859 32 085 167 129 187 691 127 799 231 101 842 572 63 903 119 39 327 913 25 956 659 1 $5,000,000 to $9,999,999 –  20 923 847 820 33 950 854 143 912 449 142 188 513 109 313 274 68 779 814 42 257 397 32 875 239 1 $10,000,000 or more –  18 684 2 481 787 109 218 476 634 790 187 628 407 124 412 766 011 269 042 841 150 106 233 215 641 113 – 

### 236, Construction of

buildings All establishments 1  211 845 1 669 391 62 411 875 525 676 863 521 849 755 282 418 326 172 207 078 114 038 356 239 431 429 1 Establishments with value of business done

 Less than $25,000 2  795 S 5 161 14 444 14 365 10 900 7 770 3 210 3 465 16 $25,000 to $49,999 –  7 794 S 89 457 298 703 297 840 229 810 155 097 75 576 68 030 5 $50,000 to $99,999 –  20 057 29 495 384 356 1 502 095 1 498 665 1 114 763 688 134 430 060 383 902 3 $100,000 to $249,999 –  51 043 111 686 1 921 852 8 426 577 8 394 163 6 182 891 3 708 619 2 506 687 2 211 272 2 $250,000 to $499,999 –  39 304 127 997 2 899 057 14 047 130 13 971 220 9 997 128 5 703 059 4 369 979 3 974 091 2 $500,000 to $999,999 –  33 648 162 156 4 273 122 23 798 203 23 627 242 16 224 813 8 938 259 7 457 515 7 402 428 2 $1,000,000 to $2,499,999 –  30 764 237 041 7 715 625 48 032 495 47 630 726 30 921 628 16 568 074 14 755 322 16 709 098 2 $2,500,000 to $4,999,999 –  12 936 166 575 6 334 087 45 285 118 44 921 880 27 157 445 14 686 271 12 834 413 17 764 435 2 $5,000,000 to $9,999,999 –  7 590 158 410 6 590 154 51 973 859 51 443 327 28 785 153 16 092 880 13 222 806 22 658 173 3 $10,000,000 or more –  7 914 667 511 32 199 004 332 298 238 330 050 328 161 793 794 105 658 916 58 382 788 168 256 535 1 

### 237, Heavy and civil

engineering construction All establishments 1  49 826 1 143 246 44 322 355 197 947 805 194 217 995 157 376 122 102 902 715 58 203 218 36 841 873 1 Establishments with value of business done

 Less than $25,000 5  232 S 1 183 3 888 3 888 3 536 2 625 912 352 26 $25,000 to $49,999 –  1 489 S 16 706 57 180 56 926 49 554 36 607 13 201 7 372 11 $50,000 to $99,999 –  3 642 5 587 86 169 275 285 271 551 235 764 169 447 70 051 35 787 7 $100,000 to $249,999 –  8 903 21 187 431 467 1 485 955 1 460 828 1 302 114 933 484 393 757 158 714 4 $250,000 to $499,999 –  8 101 32 437 923 187 2 935 896 2 893 591 2 567 182 1 819 539 789 949 326 409 4 $500,000 to $999,999 –  7 914 54 801 1 517 330 5 642 159 5 565 484 4 985 981 3 510 132 1 552 524 579 503 4 $1,000,000 to $2,499,999 –  8 316 103 818 3 582 977 13 327 074 13 141 291 11 400 836 7 976 280 3 610 339 1 740 456 3 $2,500,000 to $4,999,999 –  4 469 105 177 3 909 372 15 687 944 15 429 876 13 219 216 9 094 453 4 382 831 2 210 659 3 $5,000,000 to $9,999,999 –  3 066 123 062 4 977 683 21 433 277 21 013 265 17 637 356 11 607 774 6 449 594 3 375 909 3 $10,000,000 or more –  3 695 695 299 28 876 281 137 099 146 134 381 295 105 974 582 67 752 374 40 940 060 28 406 712 1 

### 238, Specialty trade

contractors All establishments 1  448 636 4 380 432 147 557 914 485 106 715 480 487 838 435 058 595 285 775 284 153 902 188 45 429 243 – Establishments with value of business done

 Less than $25,000 1  8 156 S 49 567 155 898 155 005 144 900 107 627 38 166 10 105 5 $25,000 to $49,999 –  22 428 S 268 279 835 055 829 021 776 108 541 648 240 495 52 913 3 $50,000 to $99,999 –  51 397 82 984 1 119 487 3 831 929 3 806 638 3 557 050 2 407 228 1 175 113 249 588 2 $100,000 to $249,999 –  123 304 310 488 5 690 522 20 524 442 20 383 750 18 973 161 12 664 975 6 448 877 1 410 590 1 $250,000 to $499,999 –  90 930 402 291 9 315 210 32 121 550 31 860 618 29 567 581 19 398 210 10 430 303 2 293 037 1 $500,000 to $999,999 –  64 762 503 609 13 952 275 45 478 775 45 112 910 41 702 294 27 391 567 14 676 592 3 410 616 1 $1,000,000 to $2,499,999 –  50 646 764 489 24 794 657 78 046 322 77 184 998 70 983 190 46 430 924 25 413 590 6 201 808 1 $2,500,000 to $4,999,999 –  19 670 595 106 21 841 708 68 214 628 67 447 475 61 465 911 40 122 394 22 110 669 5 981 565 1 $5,000,000 to $9,999,999 –  10 267 566 348 22 383 017 70 505 313 69 731 921 62 890 765 41 079 159 22 584 997 6 841 157 1 $10,000,000 or more –  7 076 1 118 977 48 143 192 165 392 803 163 975 501 144 997 635 95 631 552 50 783 385 18 977 866 1

1 Construction receipts were obtained from census respondent forms. Data for establishments whose respondent forms were not received at the time data were tabulated were calculated using industry averages and imputation for nonresponse. The following symbols are shown where estimated imputation based data on construction receipts account for 10 percent or more of the figures shown: 1–10 to 19 percent; 2–20 to 29 percent; 3–30 to 39 percent; 4–40 to 49 percent; 5–50 to 59 percent; 6–60 to 69 percent; 7–70 to79 percent; 8–80 to 89 percent; 9–90 percent or more. 2 For the 2002 Economic Census, the definitions of value of business done and value of construction work have been modified from the 1997 Economic Census definitions. See Appendix A for the modified definitions. Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The census results in this table contain sampling errors and nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactF inder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.



# 10 Industry General Summary Construction

 Subject Series U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 6. 

# Selected Statistics for Establishments by Industry and Legal Form of **Organization: 2002** [Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see Appendix A]

Item Relative standard error of estimate

(percent) for column

 Number of estab lishments Total number of employees Total payroll Value of business

done 1 Value of construction work 1 Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others Net value of construction work Value added A B C D E F G HE G 

### 23, Construction Total 710 307  7 193 069 254 292 144 1 208 731 383 1 196 555 587 321 702 544 874 853 043 560 885 077 – – Legal form of organization:

Corporate 476 321  6 132 102 225 780 276 1 045 193 891 1 034 760 168 279 541 574 755 218 594 485 759 718 – – Noncorporate 233 986  1 060 966 28 511 868 163 537 493 161 795 419 42 160 971 119 634 449 75 125 359 1 1 Individual proprietorship 184 881  582 749 12 112 752 59 138 751 58 729 469 10 421 370 48 308 099 29 869 450 1 1 Partnership 41 763  419 325 14 509 150 94 262 497 93 005 365 28 255 252 64 750 113 41 052 564 1 1 Other noncorporate and unknown 7 342  58 892 1 889 966 10 136 245 10 060 586 3 484 349 6 576 237 4 203 345 3 3 

### 236, Construction of buildings Total 211 845  1 669 391 62 411 875 525 676 863 521 849 755 239 431 429 282 418 326 172 207 078 – 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 144 293  1 369 791 53 358 540 444 002 959 440 971 784 206 755 415 234 216 369 144 231 988 1 1 Noncorporate 67 552  299 600 9 053 334 81 673 904 80 877 971 32 676 014 48 201 957 27 975 091 1 2 Individual proprietorship 51 241  147 517 3 052 260 21 004 213 20 902 504 7 312 384 13 590 120 7 603 017 3 3 Partnership 14 271  134 416 5 337 900 55 527 310 54 857 039 22 627 522 32 229 517 18 971 603 2 2 Other noncorporate and unknown 2 040  17 667 663 175 5 142 382 5 118 429 2 736 108 2 382 321 1 400 471 4 4 

### 2361, Residential building

construction Total 171 655  878 205 29 192 729 264 751 784 262 855 123 98 822 210 164 032 913 93 601 674 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 112 012  666 439 23 356 060 208 431 296 206 886 258 79 620 007 127 266 251 73 515 766 1 1 Noncorporate 59 643  211 766 5 836 670 56 320 488 55 968 865 19 202 203 36 766 662 20 085 908 2 2 Individual proprietorship 46 050  125 998 2 536 964 17 455 560 17 394 444 5 805 673 11 588 771 6 366 871 3 3 Partnership 11 835  78 664 3 118 538 37 390 327 37 109 091 12 940 164 24 168 927 13 130 377 2 3 Other noncorporate and unknown 1 757  7 104 181 168 1 474 601 1 465 330 456 366 1 008 964 588 660 5 5 

### 23611, Residential building

construction Total 171 655  878 205 29 192 729 264 751 784 262 855 123 98 822 210 164 032 913 93 601 674 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 112 012  666 439 23 356 060 208 431 296 206 886 258 79 620 007 127 266 251 73 515 766 1 1 Noncorporate 59 643  211 766 5 836 670 56 320 488 55 968 865 19 202 203 36 766 662 20 085 908 2 2 Individual proprietorship 46 050  125 998 2 536 964 17 455 560 17 394 444 5 805 673 11 588 771 6 366 871 3 3 Partnership 11 835  78 664 3 118 538 37 390 327 37 109 091 12 940 164 24 168 927 13 130 377 2 3 Other noncorporate and unknown 1 757  7 104 181 168 1 474 601 1 465 330 456 366 1 008 964 588 660 5 5 

### 236115, New single family

housing construction (except operative builders) Total 58 488  273 202 8 268 129 62 265 451 61 875 636 23 246 412 38 629 224 19 708 450 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 36 968  201 172 6 629 507 49 537 777 49 191 775 18 823 708 30 368 067 15 430 488 2 3 Noncorporate 21 520  72 030 1 638 622 12 727 675 12 683 861 4 422 704 8 261 157 4 277 962 3 3 Individual proprietorship 17 004  51 781 1 032 819 7 200 730 7 179 177 2 350 690 4 828 487 2 586 330 5 4 Partnership 3 839  17 898 553 309 5 101 377 5 082 462 1 914 983 3 167 479 1 541 096 5 5 Other noncorporate and unknown 677  2 351 52 494 425 567 422 222 157 030 265 192 150 537 13 15 

### 236116, New multifamily

housing construction (except operative builders) Total 4 370  43 726 1 717 075 17 024 052 16 724 310 9 219 509 7 504 801 4 162 673 3 3 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 3 332  36 053 1 441 688 13 929 873 13 706 263 7 560 785 6 145 478 3 332 303 3 4 Noncorporate 1 038  7 673 275 386 3 094 178 3 018 047 1 658 724 1 359 323 830 370 5 7 Individual proprietorship 552  1 983 47 204 459 234 456 273 177 188 279 085 115 407 26 26 Partnership 447  5 474 219 770 2 568 764 2 496 125 1 445 607 1 050 518 708 662 4 6 Other noncorporate and unknown 40  216 s8 412 s66 181 s65 650 s35 929 s29 721 s6 300 s46 s51 

### 236117, New housing operative

builders Total 26 046  241 069 10 504 023 140 227 156 139 220 841 51 949 803 87 271 038 51 444 120 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 19 856  189 183 8 228 847 109 374 622 108 569 922 41 640 538 66 929 384 40 378 121 1 1 Noncorporate 6 190  51 886 2 275 176 30 852 534 30 650 918 10 309 265 20 341 654 11 065 999 2 3 Individual proprietorship 3 338  12 807 332 631 3 267 689 3 249 048 1 462 912 1 786 136 1 000 370 8 9 Partnership 2 684  36 749 1 864 437 26 833 174 26 655 198 8 646 444 18 008 754 9 737 037 3 3 Other noncorporate and unknown 168  2 330 78 108 751 671 746 672 199 909 546 764 328 591 4 2 

### 236118, Residential remodelers Total 82 750  320 208 8 703 503 45 235 125 45 034 336 14 406 486 30 627 850 18 286 431 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 51 856  240 031 7 056 017 35 589 025 35 418 298 11 594 976 23 823 322 14 374 853 2 2 Noncorporate 30 894  80 177 1 647 486 9 646 101 9 616 039 2 811 511 6 804 528 3 911 578 3 3 Individual proprietorship 25 157  59 427 1 124 311 6 527 907 6 509 946 1 814 883 4 695 064 2 664 764 4 3 Partnership 4 866  18 543 481 022 2 887 012 2 875 307 933 131 1 942 176 1 143 582 7 7 Other noncorporate and unknown 872  2 207 42 153 231 182 230 786 63 498 167 288 103 232 15 15 See footnotes at end of table. 

# Construction

 Subject Series Industry General Summary 11 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 6. 

# Selected Statistics for Establishments by Industry and Legal Form of **Organization: 2002**

 Con. [Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see Appendix A]

Item Relative standard error of estimate

(percent) for column

 Number of estab lishments Total number of employees Total payroll Value of business

done 1 Value of construction work 1 Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others Net value of construction work Value added A B C D E F G HE G 

### 23, Construction

 Con. 236, Construction of buildings

 Con. 2362, Nonresidential building

construction Total 40 190  791 186 33 219 145 260 925 079 258 994 632 140 609 219 118 385 413 78 605 404 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 32 281  703 352 30 002 481 235 571 662 234 085 526 127 135 408 106 950 117 70 716 222 1 1 Noncorporate 7 909  87 834 3 216 665 25 353 416 24 909 106 13 473 811 11 435 295 7 889 182 2 2 Individual proprietorship 5 191  21 519 515 295 3 548 652 3 508 059 1 506 711 2 001 348 1 236 146 6 6 Partnership 2 436  55 752 2 219 362 18 136 982 17 747 948 9 687 358 8 060 590 5 841 226 2 3 Other noncorporate and unknown 283  10 563 482 007 3 667 782 3 653 099 2 279 742 1 373 357 811 811 5 6 

### 23621, Industrial building

construction Total 2 799  95 130 3 959 552 17 665 646 17 514 797 7 615 544 9 899 253 6 435 769 2 3 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 2 298  88 062 3 695 404 16 441 152 16 302 696 7 089 033 9 213 663 6 028 319 2 3 Noncorporate 501  7 068 264 148 1 224 495 1 212 101 526 511 685 590 407 450 11 7 Individual proprietorship 328  1 478 41 013 251 251 247 842 D D 114 334 19 S Partnership 164  3 783 130 792 676 646 667 663 346 678 320 985 152 270 18 8 Other noncorporate and unknown 8  1 807 92 343 296 598 296 596 D D 140 847 – S 

### 236210, Industrial building

construction Total 2 799  95 130 3 959 552 17 665 646 17 514 797 7 615 544 9 899 253 6 435 769 2 3 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 2 298  88 062 3 695 404 16 441 152 16 302 696 7 089 033 9 213 663 6 028 319 2 3 Noncorporate 501  7 068 264 148 1 224 495 1 212 101 526 511 685 590 407 450 11 7 Individual proprietorship 328  1 478 41 013 251 251 247 842 D D 114 334 19 S Partnership 164  3 783 130 792 676 646 667 663 346 678 320 985 152 270 18 8 Other noncorporate and unknown 8  1 807 92 343 296 598 296 596 D D 140 847 – S 

### 23622, Commercial and

institutional building construction Total 37 391  696 056 29 259 594 243 259 432 241 479 835 132 993 675 108 486 159 72 169 635 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 29 982  615 290 26 307 077 219 130 510 217 782 830 120 046 375 97 736 455 64 687 903 1 1 Noncorporate 7 408  80 765 2 952 517 24 128 922 23 697 005 12 947 300 10 749 705 7 481 732 2 2 Individual proprietorship 4 862  20 041 474 283 3 297 402 3 260 217 D D 1 121 812 6 S Partnership 2 271  51 969 2 088 570 17 460 337 17 080 285 9 340 680 7 739 605 5 688 956 2 3 Other noncorporate and unknown 275  8 756 389 664 3 371 184 3 356 503 D D 670 964 6 S 

### 236220, Commercial and

institutional building construction Total 37 391  696 056 29 259 594 243 259 432 241 479 835 132 993 675 108 486 159 72 169 635 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 29 982  615 290 26 307 077 219 130 510 217 782 830 120 046 375 97 736 455 64 687 903 1 1 Noncorporate 7 408  80 765 2 952 517 24 128 922 23 697 005 12 947 300 10 749 705 7 481 732 2 2 Individual proprietorship 4 862  20 041 474 283 3 297 402 3 260 217 D D 1 121 812 6 S Partnership 2 271  51 969 2 088 570 17 460 337 17 080 285 9 340 680 7 739 605 5 688 956 2 3 Other noncorporate and unknown 275  8 756 389 664 3 371 184 3 356 503 D D 670 964 6 S 

### 237, Heavy and civil

engineering construction Total 49 826  1 143 246 44 322 355 197 947 805 194 217 995 36 841 873 157 376 122 102 902 715 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 37 818  1 017 704 39 957 992 175 666 425 172 236 556 32 508 171 139 728 385 90 685 178 1 1 Noncorporate 12 008  125 542 4 364 362 22 281 380 21 981 438 4 333 701 17 647 737 12 217 537 2 3 Individual proprietorship 7 101  28 488 692 440 3 393 569 3 364 256 437 029 2 927 227 1 907 535 8 7 Partnership 4 238  84 540 3 240 843 17 028 389 16 776 976 3 510 879 13 266 096 9 248 722 3 3 Other noncorporate and unknown 670  12 514 431 079 1 859 423 1 840 207 385 794 1 454 413 1 061 280 4 4 

### 2371, Utility system

construction Total 19 808  539 615 21 814 937 79 098 333 78 139 578 10 964 823 67 174 755 46 303 951 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 15 081  488 734 20 011 649 72 724 019 71 797 736 10 068 900 61 728 836 42 509 119 1 1 Noncorporate 4 727  50 880 1 803 289 6 374 314 6 341 842 895 923 5 445 919 3 794 832 2 2 Individual proprietorship 3 301  11 694 271 235 1 250 640 1 243 720 120 902 1 122 818 735 902 8 8 Partnership 1 280  31 496 1 279 328 4 179 642 4 156 586 607 748 3 548 839 2 530 012 3 3 Other noncorporate and unknown 146  7 690 252 725 944 032 941 535 167 274 774 262 528 917 2 2 See footnotes at end of table. 

# 12 Industry General Summary Construction

 Subject Series U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 6. 

# Selected Statistics for Establishments by Industry and Legal Form of **Organization: 2002**

 Con. [Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see Appendix A]

Item Relative standard error of estimate

(percent) for column

 Number of estab lishments Total number of employees Total payroll Value of business

done 1 Value of construction work 1 Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others Net value of construction work Value added A B C D E F G HE G 

### 23, Construction

 Con. 237, Heavy and civil

engineering construction

 Con. 2371, Utility system

construction

 Con. 23711, Water and sewer line

and related structures construction Total 12 395  198 622 7 360 570 32 669 590 32 481 745 5 664 212 26 817 534 16 021 607 1 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 9 101  177 275 6 770 144 29 490 588 29 315 123 5 142 643 24 172 480 14 444 692 2 2 Noncorporate 3 294  21 347 590 426 3 179 002 3 166 623 521 569 2 645 054 1 576 916 4 4 Individual proprietorship 2 475  8 094 189 840 950 718 946 895 89 326 857 569 522 582 9 9 Partnership 721  10 281 324 977 1 702 431 1 693 982 309 719 1 384 263 835 041 6 6 Other noncorporate and unknown 98  2 973 75 608 525 853 525 745 122 524 403 222 219 293 3 4 

### 237110, Water and sewer line

and related structures construction Total 12 395  198 622 7 360 570 32 669 590 32 481 745 5 664 212 26 817 534 16 021 607 1 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 9 101  177 275 6 770 144 29 490 588 29 315 123 5 142 643 24 172 480 14 444 692 2 2 Noncorporate 3 294  21 347 590 426 3 179 002 3 166 623 521 569 2 645 054 1 576 916 4 4 Individual proprietorship 2 475  8 094 189 840 950 718 946 895 89 326 857 569 522 582 9 9 Partnership 721  10 281 324 977 1 702 431 1 693 982 309 719 1 384 263 835 041 6 6 Other noncorporate and unknown 98  2 973 75 608 525 853 525 745 122 524 403 222 219 293 3 4 

### 23712, Oil and gas pipeline and

related structures construction Total 1 418  94 323 4 032 608 11 714 846 11 579 708 1 247 179 10 332 528 7 750 722 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 1 155  79 055 3 455 254 10 273 823 10 150 691 1 120 316 9 030 376 6 736 478 1 1 Noncorporate 263  15 269 577 354 1 441 023 1 429 016 126 864 1 302 153 1 014 244 1 1 Individual proprietorship 116  806 14 434 52 085 51 429 4 113 47 316 40 507 22 22 Partnership 141  10 736 413 583 1 108 517 1 097 289 103 545 993 744 732 022 1 1 Other noncorporate and unknown 5  3 727 149 337 280 421 280 299 19 206 261 093 241 715 – – 

### 237120, Oil and gas pipeline

and related structures construction Total 1 418  94 323 4 032 608 11 714 846 11 579 708 1 247 179 10 332 528 7 750 722 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 1 155  79 055 3 455 254 10 273 823 10 150 691 1 120 316 9 030 376 6 736 478 1 1 Noncorporate 263  15 269 577 354 1 441 023 1 429 016 126 864 1 302 153 1 014 244 1 1 Individual proprietorship 116  806 14 434 52 085 51 429 4 113 47 316 40 507 22 22 Partnership 141  10 736 413 583 1 108 517 1 097 289 103 545 993 744 732 022 1 1 Other noncorporate and unknown 5  3 727 149 337 280 421 280 299 19 206 261 093 241 715 – – 

### 23713, Power and

communication line and related structures construction Total 5 995  246 669 10 421 760 34 713 897 34 078 125 4 053 432 30 024 693 22 531 622 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 4 825  232 405 9 786 251 32 959 608 32 331 922 3 805 942 28 525 981 21 327 949 1 1 Noncorporate 1 170  14 264 635 509 1 754 289 1 746 203 247 490 1 498 712 1 203 672 4 4 Individual proprietorship 709  2 795 66 961 247 837 245 396 27 463 217 933 172 814 19 19 Partnership 417  10 479 540 768 1 368 695 1 365 316 194 483 1 170 832 962 950 4 4 Other noncorporate and unknown 43  990 27 780 137 758 135 491 25 544 109 947 67 909 8 9 

### 237130, Power and

communication line and related structures construction Total 5 995  246 669 10 421 760 34 713 897 34 078 125 4 053 432 30 024 693 22 531 622 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 4 825  232 405 9 786 251 32 959 608 32 331 922 3 805 942 28 525 981 21 327 949 1 1 Noncorporate 1 170  14 264 635 509 1 754 289 1 746 203 247 490 1 498 712 1 203 672 4 4 Individual proprietorship 709  2 795 66 961 247 837 245 396 27 463 217 933 172 814 19 19 Partnership 417  10 479 540 768 1 368 695 1 365 316 194 483 1 170 832 962 950 4 4 Other noncorporate and unknown 43  990 27 780 137 758 135 491 25 544 109 947 67 909 8 9 See footnotes at end of table.



# Construction

 Subject Series Industry General Summary 13 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 6. 

# Selected Statistics for Establishments by Industry and Legal Form of **Organization: 2002**

 Con. [Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see Appendix A]

Item Relative standard error of estimate

(percent) for column

 Number of estab lishments Total number of employees Total payroll Value of business

done 1 Value of construction work 1 Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others Net value of construction work Value added A B C D E F G HE G 

### 23, Construction

 Con. 237, Heavy and civil

engineering construction

 Con. 2372, Land subdivision Total 8 444  52 607 2 004 436 14 423 725 13 926 888 3 090 760 10 836 128 9 145 936 4 4 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 6 217  35 149 1 403 288 9 599 435 9 204 016 2 099 552 7 104 464 6 076 967 4 4 Noncorporate 2 226  17 459 601 147 4 824 291 4 722 873 991 208 3 731 664 3 068 969 8 8 Individual proprietorship 503  1 598 49 856 209 649 206 438 45 494 160 944 128 114 15 15 Partnership 1 554  13 900 475 913 4 187 340 4 096 989 887 791 3 209 198 2 637 341 8 9 Other noncorporate and unknown 169  1 961 75 378 427 302 419 445 57 923 361 522 303 515 15 14 

### 23721, Land subdivision Total 8 444  52 607 2 004 436 14 423 725 13 926 888 3 090 760 10 836 128 9 145 936 4 4 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 6 217  35 149 1 403 288 9 599 435 9 204 016 2 099 552 7 104 464 6 076 967 4 4 Noncorporate 2 226  17 459 601 147 4 824 291 4 722 873 991 208 3 731 664 3 068 969 8 8 Individual proprietorship 503  1 598 49 856 209 649 206 438 45 494 160 944 128 114 15 15 Partnership 1 554  13 900 475 913 4 187 340 4 096 989 887 791 3 209 198 2 637 341 8 9 Other noncorporate and unknown 169  1 961 75 378 427 302 419 445 57 923 361 522 303 515 15 14 

### 237210, Land subdivision Total 8 444  52 607 2 004 436 14 423 725 13 926 888 3 090 760 10 836 128 9 145 936 4 4 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 6 217  35 149 1 403 288 9 599 435 9 204 016 2 099 552 7 104 464 6 076 967 4 4 Noncorporate 2 226  17 459 601 147 4 824 291 4 722 873 991 208 3 731 664 3 068 969 8 8 Individual proprietorship 503  1 598 49 856 209 649 206 438 45 494 160 944 128 114 15 15 Partnership 1 554  13 900 475 913 4 187 340 4 096 989 887 791 3 209 198 2 637 341 8 9 Other noncorporate and unknown 169  1 961 75 378 427 302 419 445 57 923 361 522 303 515 15 14 

### 2373, Highway, street, and

bridge construction Total 11 348  410 822 15 654 087 83 355 188 81 412 178 19 317 384 62 094 794 35 976 250 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 9 270  375 952 14 393 844 76 181 243 74 372 197 17 715 926 56 656 272 32 699 509 1 1 Noncorporate 2 078  34 870 1 260 243 7 173 945 7 039 981 1 601 459 5 438 522 3 276 742 4 4 Individual proprietorship 1 245  7 403 193 372 992 506 984 432 159 009 825 422 484 965 14 13 Partnership 675  25 711 1 004 885 5 872 011 5 753 971 1 330 725 4 423 247 2 652 577 4 4 Other noncorporate and unknown 158  1 755 61 986 309 429 301 578 111 725 189 853 139 199 11 9 

### 23731, Highway, street, and

bridge construction Total 11 348  410 822 15 654 087 83 355 188 81 412 178 19 317 384 62 094 794 35 976 250 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 9 270  375 952 14 393 844 76 181 243 74 372 197 17 715 926 56 656 272 32 699 509 1 1 Noncorporate 2 078  34 870 1 260 243 7 173 945 7 039 981 1 601 459 5 438 522 3 276 742 4 4 Individual proprietorship 1 245  7 403 193 372 992 506 984 432 159 009 825 422 484 965 14 13 Partnership 675  25 711 1 004 885 5 872 011 5 753 971 1 330 725 4 423 247 2 652 577 4 4 Other noncorporate and unknown 158  1 755 61 986 309 429 301 578 111 725 189 853 139 199 11 9 

### 237310, Highway, street, and

bridge construction Total 11 348  410 822 15 654 087 83 355 188 81 412 178 19 317 384 62 094 794 35 976 250 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 9 270  375 952 14 393 844 76 181 243 74 372 197 17 715 926 56 656 272 32 699 509 1 1 Noncorporate 2 078  34 870 1 260 243 7 173 945 7 039 981 1 601 459 5 438 522 3 276 742 4 4 Individual proprietorship 1 245  7 403 193 372 992 506 984 432 159 009 825 422 484 965 14 13 Partnership 675  25 711 1 004 885 5 872 011 5 753 971 1 330 725 4 423 247 2 652 577 4 4 Other noncorporate and unknown 158  1 755 61 986 309 429 301 578 111 725 189 853 139 199 11 9 

### 2379, Other heavy and civil

engineering construction Total 10 227  140 202 4 848 895 21 070 559 20 739 350 3 468 905 17 270 445 11 476 577 3 3 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 7 249  117 868 4 149 212 17 161 728 16 862 607 2 623 794 14 238 813 9 399 583 3 3 Noncorporate 2 978  22 334 699 683 3 908 831 3 876 743 845 112 3 031 631 2 076 994 6 7 Individual proprietorship 2 052  7 793 177 976 940 775 929 666 111 623 818 042 558 553 21 20 Partnership 729  13 434 480 717 2 789 395 2 769 429 684 616 2 084 813 1 428 792 5 7 Other noncorporate and unknown 197  1 107 40 990 178 661 177 648 48 872 128 776 89 649 4 4 See footnotes at end of table.



# 14 Industry General Summary Construction

 Subject Series U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 6. 

# Selected Statistics for Establishments by Industry and Legal Form of **Organization: 2002**

 Con. [Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see Appendix A]

Item Relative standard error of estimate

(percent) for column

 Number of estab lishments Total number of employees Total payroll Value of business

done 1 Value of construction work 1 Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others Net value of construction work Value added A B C D E F G HE G 

### 23, Construction

 Con. 237, Heavy and civil

engineering construction

 Con. 2379, Other heavy and civil

engineering construction

 Con. 23799, Other heavy and civil

engineering construction Total 10 227  140 202 4 848 895 21 070 559 20 739 350 3 468 905 17 270 445 11 476 577 3 3 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 7 249  117 868 4 149 212 17 161 728 16 862 607 2 623 794 14 238 813 9 399 583 3 3 Noncorporate 2 978  22 334 699 683 3 908 831 3 876 743 845 112 3 031 631 2 076 994 6 7 Individual proprietorship 2 052  7 793 177 976 940 775 929 666 111 623 818 042 558 553 21 20 Partnership 729  13 434 480 717 2 789 395 2 769 429 684 616 2 084 813 1 428 792 5 7 Other noncorporate and unknown 197  1 107 40 990 178 661 177 648 48 872 128 776 89 649 4 4 

### 237990, Other heavy and civil

engineering construction Total 10 227  140 202 4 848 895 21 070 559 20 739 350 3 468 905 17 270 445 11 476 577 3 3 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 7 249  117 868 4 149 212 17 161 728 16 862 607 2 623 794 14 238 813 9 399 583 3 3 Noncorporate 2 978  22 334 699 683 3 908 831 3 876 743 845 112 3 031 631 2 076 994 6 7 Individual proprietorship 2 052  7 793 177 976 940 775 929 666 111 623 818 042 558 553 21 20 Partnership 729  13 434 480 717 2 789 395 2 769 429 684 616 2 084 813 1 428 792 5 7 Other noncorporate and unknown 197  1 107 40 990 178 661 177 648 48 872 128 776 89 649 4 4 

### 238, Specialty trade contractors Total 448 636  4 380 432 147 557 914 485 106 715 480 487 838 45 429 243 435 058 595 285 775 284 – – Legal form of organization:

Corporate 294 211  3 744 608 132 463 744 425 524 507 421 551 828 40 277 987 381 273 840 250 842 553 – – Noncorporate 154 425  635 824 15 094 171 59 582 208 58 936 010 5 151 256 53 784 755 34 932 732 1 1 Individual proprietorship 126 539  406 744 8 368 052 34 740 969 34 462 709 2 671 957 31 790 752 20 358 898 2 2 Partnership 23 254  200 369 5 930 406 21 706 798 21 371 351 2 116 851 19 254 499 12 832 239 2 2 Other noncorporate and unknown 4 632  28 711 795 713 3 134 440 3 101 950 362 447 2 739 503 1 741 595 7 7 

### 2381, Foundation, structure,

and building exterior contractors Total 109 709  1 133 888 33 837 807 115 105 705 114 440 849 9 729 856 104 710 993 66 425 427 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 66 867  939 103 29 604 270 98 428 330 97 929 423 8 408 069 89 521 354 56 737 244 1 1 Noncorporate 42 841  194 784 4 233 537 16 677 375 16 511 426 1 321 786 15 189 640 9 688 183 3 3 Individual proprietorship 35 321  131 626 2 535 465 10 266 376 10 223 530 787 763 9 435 767 5 890 398 3 3 Partnership 6 181  56 054 1 520 598 5 738 077 5 619 700 453 822 5 165 878 3 464 764 4 4 Other noncorporate and unknown 1 340  7 104 177 474 672 921 668 196 80 201 587 995 333 022 26 27 

### 23811, Poured concrete foundation and structure contractors Total 27 149  301 737 9 181 232 33 886 620 33 771 732 3 259 737 30 511 995 18 118 819 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 15 989  241 135 7 726 159 27 762 055 27 678 705 2 776 044 24 902 661 14 679 061 2 2 Noncorporate 11 161  60 602 1 455 073 6 124 565 6 093 027 483 693 5 609 334 3 439 759 6 6 Individual proprietorship 8 834  36 898 770 065 3 453 683 3 441 026 286 764 3 154 262 1 812 467 7 6 Partnership 1 874  19 896 575 264 2 301 965 2 287 525 166 048 2 121 477 1 426 321 8 8 Other noncorporate and unknown 453  3 808 s 109 744 s368 917 s364 476 s30 881 s333 595 s200 971 s47 s47 

### 238110, Poured concrete foundation and structure contractors Total 27 149  301 737 9 181 232 33 886 620 33 771 732 3 259 737 30 511 995 18 118 819 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 15 989  241 135 7 726 159 27 762 055 27 678 705 2 776 044 24 902 661 14 679 061 2 2 Noncorporate 11 161  60 602 1 455 073 6 124 565 6 093 027 483 693 5 609 334 3 439 759 6 6 Individual proprietorship 8 834  36 898 770 065 3 453 683 3 441 026 286 764 3 154 262 1 812 467 7 6 Partnership 1 874  19 896 575 264 2 301 965 2 287 525 166 048 2 121 477 1 426 321 8 8 Other noncorporate and unknown 453  3 808 s 109 744 s368 917 s364 476 s30 881 s333 595 s200 971 s47 s47 

### 23812, Structural steel and

precast concrete contractors Total 4 329  76 861 2 905 566 8 770 651 8 723 843 738 252 7 985 591 5 822 444 3 3 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 3 319  70 949 2 746 150 8 206 661 8 161 192 689 234 7 471 958 5 458 823 3 3 Noncorporate 1 010  5 912 159 416 563 990 562 651 49 018 513 633 363 621 10 10 Individual proprietorship 757  2 930 65 496 257 214 256 891 30 000 226 891 154 950 19 18 Partnership 206  2 834 91 763 288 501 287 485 15 805 271 681 199 817 11 11 Other noncorporate and unknown 47  s 148 s2 157 s 18 275 s 18 275 s3 213 s 15 062 s8 854 s61 s67 See footnotes at end of table. 

# Construction

 Subject Series Industry General Summary 15 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 6. 

# Selected Statistics for Establishments by Industry and Legal Form of **Organization: 2002**

 Con. [Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see Appendix A]

Item Relative standard error of estimate

(percent) for column

 Number of estab lishments Total number of employees Total payroll Value of business

done 1 Value of construction work 1 Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others Net value of construction work Value added A B C D E F G HE G 

### 23, Construction

 Con. 238, Specialty trade contractors

 Con. 2381, Foundation, structure,

and building exterior contractors  Con. 23812, Structural steel and

precast concrete contractors

 Con. 238120, Structural steel and

precast concrete contractors Total 4 329  76 861 2 905 566 8 770 651 8 723 843 738 252 7 985 591 5 822 444 3 3 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 3 319  70 949 2 746 150 8 206 661 8 161 192 689 234 7 471 958 5 458 823 3 3 Noncorporate 1 010  5 912 159 416 563 990 562 651 49 018 513 633 363 621 10 10 Individual proprietorship 757  2 930 65 496 257 214 256 891 30 000 226 891 154 950 19 18 Partnership 206  2 834 91 763 288 501 287 485 15 805 271 681 199 817 11 11 Other noncorporate and unknown 47  s 148 s2 157 s 18 275 s 18 275 s3 213 s 15 062 s8 854 s61 s67 

### 23813, Framing contractors Total 14 438  153 636 4 415 319 14 580 872 14 428 519 1 778 567 12 649 952 8 588 075 7 8 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 8 326  121 498 3 696 439 12 043 317 11 985 988 1 433 992 10 551 996 7 139 694 8 9 Noncorporate 6 111  32 139 718 880 2 537 555 2 442 530 344 574 2 097 956 1 448 381 5 5 Individual proprietorship 5 170  21 928 452 560 1 493 455 1 485 751 186 055 1 299 696 908 223 7 7 Partnership 811  9 307 250 489 928 089 840 775 122 921 717 854 516 166 7 6 Other noncorporate and unknown 130  903 15 831 116 012 116 005 35 598 80 406 23 992 9 11 

### 238130, Framing contractors Total 14 438  153 636 4 415 319 14 580 872 14 428 519 1 778 567 12 649 952 8 588 075 7 8 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 8 326  121 498 3 696 439 12 043 317 11 985 988 1 433 992 10 551 996 7 139 694 8 9 Noncorporate 6 111  32 139 718 880 2 537 555 2 442 530 344 574 2 097 956 1 448 381 5 5 Individual proprietorship 5 170  21 928 452 560 1 493 455 1 485 751 186 055 1 299 696 908 223 7 7 Partnership 811  9 307 250 489 928 089 840 775 122 921 717 854 516 166 7 6 Other noncorporate and unknown 130  903 15 831 116 012 116 005 35 598 80 406 23 992 9 11 

### 23814, Masonry contractors Total 25 763  256 634 7 165 853 20 320 781 20 270 485 1 060 256 19 210 228 13 172 591 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 14 496  208 870 6 228 795 17 233 683 17 186 500 933 613 16 252 887 11 130 513 2 2 Noncorporate 11 267  47 763 937 057 3 087 099 3 083 985 126 644 2 957 341 2 042 078 5 5 Individual proprietorship 9 492  35 537 634 480 2 170 529 2 169 804 86 635 2 083 169 1 428 514 6 6 Partnership 1 493  11 008 275 384 842 456 840 080 35 353 804 727 568 584 9 9 Other noncorporate and unknown 281  1 219 27 193 74 113 74 100 s4 655 69 445 44 980 23 23 

### 238140, Masonry contractors Total 25 763  256 634 7 165 853 20 320 781 20 270 485 1 060 256 19 210 228 13 172 591 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 14 496  208 870 6 228 795 17 233 683 17 186 500 933 613 16 252 887 11 130 513 2 2 Noncorporate 11 267  47 763 937 057 3 087 099 3 083 985 126 644 2 957 341 2 042 078 5 5 Individual proprietorship 9 492  35 537 634 480 2 170 529 2 169 804 86 635 2 083 169 1 428 514 6 6 Partnership 1 493  11 008 275 384 842 456 840 080 35 353 804 727 568 584 9 9 Other noncorporate and unknown 281  1 219 27 193 74 113 74 100 s4 655 69 445 44 980 23 23 

### 23815, Glass and glazing

contractors Total 5 294  49 840 1 758 140 6 398 245 6 269 870 267 187 6 002 683 3 501 874 3 3 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 3 977  44 893 1 632 521 5 850 530 5 744 323 251 780 5 492 543 3 184 359 3 3 Noncorporate 1 317  4 947 125 619 547 714 525 547 15 407 510 140 317 515 10 10 Individual proprietorship 984  2 918 65 144 294 670 278 752 6 412 272 340 173 065 16 16 Partnership 249  1 833 57 278 229 825 223 835 8 287 215 548 135 064 10 10 Other noncorporate and unknown 84  s 196 s3 197 23 220 22 960 708 22 252 9 386 29 29 

### 238150, Glass and glazing

contractors Total 5 294  49 840 1 758 140 6 398 245 6 269 870 267 187 6 002 683 3 501 874 3 3 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 3 977  44 893 1 632 521 5 850 530 5 744 323 251 780 5 492 543 3 184 359 3 3 Noncorporate 1 317  4 947 125 619 547 714 525 547 15 407 510 140 317 515 10 10 Individual proprietorship 984  2 918 65 144 294 670 278 752 6 412 272 340 173 065 16 16 Partnership 249  1 833 57 278 229 825 223 835 8 287 215 548 135 064 10 10 Other noncorporate and unknown 84  s 196 s3 197 23 220 22 960 708 22 252 9 386 29 29 See footnotes at end of table. 

# 16 Industry General Summary Construction

 Subject Series U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 6. 

# Selected Statistics for Establishments by Industry and Legal Form of **Organization: 2002**

 Con. [Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see Appendix A]

Item Relative standard error of estimate

(percent) for column

 Number of estab lishments Total number of employees Total payroll Value of business

done 1 Value of construction work 1 Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others Net value of construction work Value added A B C D E F G HE G 

### 23, Construction

 Con. 238, Specialty trade contractors

 Con. 2381, Foundation, structure,

and building exterior contractors  Con. 23816, Roofing contractors Total 23 222  219 329 6 026 356 23 104 101 23 012 307 1 892 667 21 119 640 12 812 235 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 14 455  186 865 5 412 954 20 249 421 20 167 148 1 683 856 18 483 292 11 247 810 2 2 Noncorporate 8 767  32 464 613 402 2 854 680 2 845 159 208 811 2 636 348 1 564 425 6 6 Individual proprietorship 7 293  23 684 407 357 1 928 555 1 924 595 128 150 1 796 444 1 060 494 7 8 Partnership 1 179  8 122 190 115 865 510 859 953 76 157 783 797 467 997 9 9 Other noncorporate and unknown 295  658 15 930 60 616 60 611 4 503 56 108 35 934 24 25 

### 238160, Roofing contractors Total 23 222  219 329 6 026 356 23 104 101 23 012 307 1 892 667 21 119 640 12 812 235 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 14 455  186 865 5 412 954 20 249 421 20 167 148 1 683 856 18 483 292 11 247 810 2 2 Noncorporate 8 767  32 464 613 402 2 854 680 2 845 159 208 811 2 636 348 1 564 425 6 6 Individual proprietorship 7 293  23 684 407 357 1 928 555 1 924 595 128 150 1 796 444 1 060 494 7 8 Partnership 1 179  8 122 190 115 865 510 859 953 76 157 783 797 467 997 9 9 Other noncorporate and unknown 295  658 15 930 60 616 60 611 4 503 56 108 35 934 24 25 

### 23817, Siding contractors Total 6 675  43 000 1 191 892 4 334 238 4 288 346 446 065 3 842 280 2 272 931 3 3 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 4 315  35 423 1 049 953 3 657 281 3 613 210 374 643 3 238 567 1 928 159 3 3 Noncorporate 2 360  7 577 141 939 676 957 675 136 71 422 603 714 344 772 9 9 Individual proprietorship 2 081  5 929 106 845 523 680 522 468 54 538 467 930 263 272 11 11 Partnership 260  1 624 34 980 149 904 149 296 s 16 370 132 926 79 633 17 16 Other noncorporate and unknown 19  s24 s 114 s3 372 s3 372 s514 s2 858 s 1 867 s97 s97 

### 238170, Siding contractors Total 6 675  43 000 1 191 892 4 334 238 4 288 346 446 065 3 842 280 2 272 931 3 3 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 4 315  35 423 1 049 953 3 657 281 3 613 210 374 643 3 238 567 1 928 159 3 3 Noncorporate 2 360  7 577 141 939 676 957 675 136 71 422 603 714 344 772 9 9 Individual proprietorship 2 081  5 929 106 845 523 680 522 468 54 538 467 930 263 272 11 11 Partnership 260  1 624 34 980 149 904 149 296 s 16 370 132 926 79 633 17 16 Other noncorporate and unknown 19  s24 s 114 s3 372 s3 372 s514 s2 858 s 1 867 s97 s97 

### 23819, Other foundation,

structure, and building exterior contractors Total 2 839  32 850 1 193 449 3 710 197 3 675 748 287 125 3 388 623 2 136 458 4 4 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 1 990  29 471 1 111 297 3 425 382 3 392 357 264 907 3 127 450 1 968 826 4 4 Noncorporate 848  3 380 82 152 284 815 283 391 22 218 261 173 167 632 9 9 Individual proprietorship 711  1 801 33 519 144 590 144 244 9 209 135 035 89 412 14 15 Partnership 108  1 431 45 326 131 828 130 750 12 881 117 869 71 182 12 12 Other noncorporate and unknown 30  s 148 3 308 8 397 8 397 s 127 8 270 7 038 29 28 

### 238190, Other foundation,

structure, and building exterior contractors Total 2 839  32 850 1 193 449 3 710 197 3 675 748 287 125 3 388 623 2 136 458 4 4 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 1 990  29 471 1 111 297 3 425 382 3 392 357 264 907 3 127 450 1 968 826 4 4 Noncorporate 848  3 380 82 152 284 815 283 391 22 218 261 173 167 632 9 9 Individual proprietorship 711  1 801 33 519 144 590 144 244 9 209 135 035 89 412 14 15 Partnership 108  1 431 45 326 131 828 130 750 12 881 117 869 71 182 12 12 Other noncorporate and unknown 30  s 148 3 308 8 397 8 397 s 127 8 270 7 038 29 28 

### 2382, Building equipment

contractors Total 156 888  1 836 651 70 521 723 217 478 341 215 586 157 17 829 626 197 756 531 129 625 207 – – Legal form of organization:

Corporate 114 333  1 642 987 65 112 632 197 289 164 195 563 998 16 460 781 179 103 217 117 753 398 – – Noncorporate 42 555  193 664 5 409 092 20 189 177 20 022 159 1 368 845 18 653 314 11 871 809 2 2 Individual proprietorship 34 481  107 792 2 553 401 10 456 191 10 357 474 528 283 9 829 192 6 118 506 2 2 Partnership 6 641  73 455 2 475 188 8 144 654 8 080 327 668 832 7 411 496 4 833 178 2 2 Other noncorporate and unknown 1 433  12 417 380 503 1 588 332 1 584 358 171 731 1 412 627 920 125 5 4 See footnotes at end of table. 

# Construction

 Subject Series Industry General Summary 17 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 6. 

# Selected Statistics for Establishments by Industry and Legal Form of **Organization: 2002**

 Con. [Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see Appendix A]

Item Relative standard error of estimate

(percent) for column

 Number of estab lishments Total number of employees Total payroll Value of business

done 1 Value of construction work 1 Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others Net value of construction work Value added A B C D E F G HE G 

### 23, Construction

 Con. 238, Specialty trade contractors

 Con. 2382, Building equipment

contractors  Con. 23821, Electrical Contractors Total 62 862  763 949 29 572 975 83 377 541 82 663 284 4 522 826 78 140 458 52 085 071 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 45 706  681 791 27 256 768 75 216 316 74 584 320 4 127 605 70 456 715 46 969 534 1 1 Noncorporate 17 155  82 158 2 316 206 8 161 224 8 078 965 395 221 7 683 743 5 115 538 3 3 Individual proprietorship 14 066  44 909 1 117 864 4 109 087 4 066 728 164 194 3 902 535 2 558 710 4 4 Partnership 2 579  32 073 1 066 305 3 362 148 3 325 055 193 858 3 131 197 2 101 824 4 4 Other noncorporate and unknown 511  5 176 132 038 689 989 687 181 37 169 650 012 455 004 6 6 

### 238210, Electrical Contractors Total 62 862  763 949 29 572 975 83 377 541 82 663 284 4 522 826 78 140 458 52 085 071 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 45 706  681 791 27 256 768 75 216 316 74 584 320 4 127 605 70 456 715 46 969 534 1 1 Noncorporate 17 155  82 158 2 316 206 8 161 224 8 078 965 395 221 7 683 743 5 115 538 3 3 Individual proprietorship 14 066  44 909 1 117 864 4 109 087 4 066 728 164 194 3 902 535 2 558 710 4 4 Partnership 2 579  32 073 1 066 305 3 362 148 3 325 055 193 858 3 131 197 2 101 824 4 4 Other noncorporate and unknown 511  5 176 132 038 689 989 687 181 37 169 650 012 455 004 6 6 

### 23822, Plumbing, heating, and

air conditioning contractors Total 87 936  954 095 36 018 541 119 389 455 118 447 213 12 485 138 105 962 075 67 463 833 – – Legal form of organization:

Corporate 63 354  848 182 33 114 253 107 975 211 107 105 661 11 580 816 95 524 845 61 080 674 – – Noncorporate 24 583  105 913 2 904 288 11 414 244 11 341 552 904 322 10 437 230 6 383 159 2 2 Individual proprietorship 19 858  59 969 1 344 646 6 065 578 6 020 446 352 781 5 667 665 3 374 332 3 3 Partnership 3 836  39 458 1 335 574 4 570 012 4 543 614 458 968 4 084 645 2 581 936 3 3 Other noncorporate and unknown 889  6 486 224 067 778 653 777 492 92 572 684 920 426 891 5 6 

### 238220, Plumbing, heating, and

air conditioning contractors Total 87 936  954 095 36 018 541 119 389 455 118 447 213 12 485 138 105 962 075 67 463 833 – – Legal form of organization:

Corporate 63 354  848 182 33 114 253 107 975 211 107 105 661 11 580 816 95 524 845 61 080 674 – – Noncorporate 24 583  105 913 2 904 288 11 414 244 11 341 552 904 322 10 437 230 6 383 159 2 2 Individual proprietorship 19 858  59 969 1 344 646 6 065 578 6 020 446 352 781 5 667 665 3 374 332 3 3 Partnership 3 836  39 458 1 335 574 4 570 012 4 543 614 458 968 4 084 645 2 581 936 3 3 Other noncorporate and unknown 889  6 486 224 067 778 653 777 492 92 572 684 920 426 891 5 6 

### 23829, Other building

equipment contractors Total 6 090  118 606 4 930 208 14 711 346 14 475 660 821 662 13 653 998 10 076 303 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 5 273  113 013 4 741 610 14 097 636 13 874 017 752 360 13 121 657 9 703 191 1 1 Noncorporate 817  5 593 188 597 613 709 601 643 s69 302 532 341 373 112 11 9 Individual proprietorship 557  2 914 90 891 281 526 270 300 11 308 258 992 185 463 14 15 Partnership 226  1 924 73 309 212 493 211 659 16 005 195 654 149 419 9 9 Other noncorporate and unknown 33  754 24 398 s 119 690 s 119 685 s41 989 77 695 38 230 s41 22 

### 238290, Other building

equipment contractors Total 6 090  118 606 4 930 208 14 711 346 14 475 660 821 662 13 653 998 10 076 303 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 5 273  113 013 4 741 610 14 097 636 13 874 017 752 360 13 121 657 9 703 191 1 1 Noncorporate 817  5 593 188 597 613 709 601 643 s69 302 532 341 373 112 11 9 Individual proprietorship 557  2 914 90 891 281 526 270 300 11 308 258 992 185 463 14 15 Partnership 226  1 924 73 309 212 493 211 659 16 005 195 654 149 419 9 9 Other noncorporate and unknown 33  754 24 398 s 119 690 s 119 685 s41 989 77 695 38 230 s41 22 

### 2383, Building finishing

contractors Total 119 352  886 267 26 454 300 86 652 636 85 945 755 9 446 950 76 498 805 51 280 535 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 70 394  719 649 22 856 383 72 676 649 72 053 530 7 962 201 64 091 330 43 016 590 1 1 Noncorporate 48 958  166 617 3 597 916 13 975 986 13 892 224 1 484 749 12 407 476 8 263 945 2 2 Individual proprietorship 41 081  118 724 2 346 984 9 314 194 9 259 496 894 191 8 365 304 5 622 101 3 3 Partnership 6 597  42 834 1 123 508 4 252 311 4 226 965 542 389 3 684 576 2 405 427 4 4 Other noncorporate and unknown 1 280  5 059 127 424 409 481 405 764 48 168 357 595 236 418 13 13 See footnotes at end of table. 

# 18 Industry General Summary Construction

 Subject Series U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 6. 

# Selected Statistics for Establishments by Industry and Legal Form of **Organization: 2002**

 Con. [Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see Appendix A]

Item Relative standard error of estimate

(percent) for column

 Number of estab lishments Total number of employees Total payroll Value of business

done 1 Value of construction work 1 Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others Net value of construction work Value added A B C D E F G HE G 

### 23, Construction

 Con. 238, Specialty trade contractors

 Con. 2383, Building finishing

contractors  Con. 23831, Drywall and insulation

contractors Total 19 644  295 730 9 772 208 30 906 825 30 824 777 3 763 820 27 060 957 18 068 021 2 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 12 894  261 466 8 952 784 27 821 950 27 744 093 3 379 217 24 364 876 16 290 593 2 2 Noncorporate 6 750  34 264 819 424 3 084 875 3 080 684 384 604 2 696 081 1 777 428 5 5 Individual proprietorship 5 417  21 243 458 570 1 824 461 1 822 058 217 559 1 604 500 1 042 910 8 7 Partnership 1 128  11 448 319 788 1 135 660 1 133 978 155 381 978 597 655 683 8 7 Other noncorporate and unknown 205  1 574 41 066 124 754 124 648 11 663 112 984 78 835 20 20 

### 238310, Drywall and insulation

contractors Total 19 644  295 730 9 772 208 30 906 825 30 824 777 3 763 820 27 060 957 18 068 021 2 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 12 894  261 466 8 952 784 27 821 950 27 744 093 3 379 217 24 364 876 16 290 593 2 2 Noncorporate 6 750  34 264 819 424 3 084 875 3 080 684 384 604 2 696 081 1 777 428 5 5 Individual proprietorship 5 417  21 243 458 570 1 824 461 1 822 058 217 559 1 604 500 1 042 910 8 7 Partnership 1 128  11 448 319 788 1 135 660 1 133 978 155 381 978 597 655 683 8 7 Other noncorporate and unknown 205  1 574 41 066 124 754 124 648 11 663 112 984 78 835 20 20 

### 23832, Painting and wall

covering contractors Total 39 025  232 489 6 014 334 16 958 293 16 868 810 1 539 116 15 329 694 11 523 765 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 21 208  171 662 4 829 891 13 166 214 13 089 275 1 270 226 11 819 049 8 938 684 2 2 Noncorporate 17 817  60 827 1 184 443 3 792 079 3 779 535 268 890 3 510 645 2 585 081 4 4 Individual proprietorship 15 112  46 893 852 180 2 848 187 2 837 247 198 938 2 638 309 1 944 780 5 5 Partnership 2 246  12 594 305 703 870 785 869 461 66 281 803 180 590 772 7 6 Other noncorporate and unknown 459  1 340 26 559 73 107 72 827 3 671 69 157 49 529 26 26 

### 238320, Painting and wall

covering contractors Total 39 025  232 489 6 014 334 16 958 293 16 868 810 1 539 116 15 329 694 11 523 765 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 21 208  171 662 4 829 891 13 166 214 13 089 275 1 270 226 11 819 049 8 938 684 2 2 Noncorporate 17 817  60 827 1 184 443 3 792 079 3 779 535 268 890 3 510 645 2 585 081 4 4 Individual proprietorship 15 112  46 893 852 180 2 848 187 2 837 247 198 938 2 638 309 1 944 780 5 5 Partnership 2 246  12 594 305 703 870 785 869 461 66 281 803 180 590 772 7 6 Other noncorporate and unknown 459  1 340 26 559 73 107 72 827 3 671 69 157 49 529 26 26 

### 23833, Flooring contractors Total 12 886  76 601 2 397 262 9 518 745 9 387 919 1 108 493 8 279 426 4 788 567 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 7 297  61 476 2 075 327 7 997 861 7 891 359 961 514 6 929 845 3 949 449 2 2 Noncorporate 5 589  15 125 321 935 1 520 885 1 496 560 146 979 1 349 581 839 118 7 7 Individual proprietorship 4 903  11 516 214 929 1 014 221 996 228 86 323 909 905 591 313 8 8 Partnership 534  2 953 85 742 414 572 410 766 39 598 371 168 216 381 12 12 Other noncorporate and unknown 152  656 21 265 92 092 89 566 s21 058 68 507 31 424 30 30 

### 238330, Flooring contractors Total 12 886  76 601 2 397 262 9 518 745 9 387 919 1 108 493 8 279 426 4 788 567 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 7 297  61 476 2 075 327 7 997 861 7 891 359 961 514 6 929 845 3 949 449 2 2 Noncorporate 5 589  15 125 321 935 1 520 885 1 496 560 146 979 1 349 581 839 118 7 7 Individual proprietorship 4 903  11 516 214 929 1 014 221 996 228 86 323 909 905 591 313 8 8 Partnership 534  2 953 85 742 414 572 410 766 39 598 371 168 216 381 12 12 Other noncorporate and unknown 152  656 21 265 92 092 89 566 s21 058 68 507 31 424 30 30 

### 23834, Tile and terrazzo

contractors Total 8 927  58 774 1 834 142 5 908 510 5 852 769 218 640 5 634 129 3 747 534 4 4 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 5 181  46 828 1 531 164 4 810 051 4 758 696 180 224 4 578 473 3 015 261 4 4 Noncorporate 3 746  11 945 302 978 1 098 460 1 094 073 38 417 1 055 656 732 273 10 10 Individual proprietorship 3 099  9 163 229 374 832 929 832 221 26 410 805 811 567 847 13 13 Partnership 567  2 525 68 191 250 385 246 706 11 157 235 550 154 116 15 15 Other noncorporate and unknown 80  s257 5 413 15 145 15 145 s850 14 295 10 310 36 36 See footnotes at end of table. 

# Construction

 Subject Series Industry General Summary 19 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 6. 

# Selected Statistics for Establishments by Industry and Legal Form of **Organization: 2002**

 Con. [Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see Appendix A]

Item Relative standard error of estimate

(percent) for column

 Number of estab lishments Total number of employees Total payroll Value of business

done 1 Value of construction work 1 Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others Net value of construction work Value added A B C D E F G HE G 

### 23, Construction

 Con. 238, Specialty trade contractors

 Con. 2383, Building finishing

contractors  Con. 23834, Tile and terrazzo

contractors  Con. 238340, Tile and terrazzo

contractors Total 8 927  58 774 1 834 142 5 908 510 5 852 769 218 640 5 634 129 3 747 534 4 4 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 5 181  46 828 1 531 164 4 810 051 4 758 696 180 224 4 578 473 3 015 261 4 4 Noncorporate 3 746  11 945 302 978 1 098 460 1 094 073 38 417 1 055 656 732 273 10 10 Individual proprietorship 3 099  9 163 229 374 832 929 832 221 26 410 805 811 567 847 13 13 Partnership 567  2 525 68 191 250 385 246 706 11 157 235 550 154 116 15 15 Other noncorporate and unknown 80  s257 5 413 15 145 15 145 s850 14 295 10 310 36 36 

### 23835, Finish carpentry

contractors Total 35 094  171 836 4 708 451 18 439 604 18 134 124 2 513 106 15 621 018 9 737 285 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 20 838  131 489 3 846 944 14 315 589 14 046 167 1 890 721 12 155 447 7 645 925 2 2 Noncorporate 14 256  40 347 861 507 4 124 015 4 087 957 622 386 3 465 571 2 091 361 5 4 Individual proprietorship 12 008  28 167 556 614 2 658 608 2 636 331 357 274 2 279 058 1 381 882 5 6 Partnership 1 889  11 112 278 037 1 378 083 1 365 107 254 418 1 110 690 656 109 10 7 Other noncorporate and unknown 359  1 068 s26 856 87 324 86 518 10 694 s75 824 s53 370 40 s42 

### 238350, Finish carpentry

contractors Total 35 094  171 836 4 708 451 18 439 604 18 134 124 2 513 106 15 621 018 9 737 285 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 20 838  131 489 3 846 944 14 315 589 14 046 167 1 890 721 12 155 447 7 645 925 2 2 Noncorporate 14 256  40 347 861 507 4 124 015 4 087 957 622 386 3 465 571 2 091 361 5 4 Individual proprietorship 12 008  28 167 556 614 2 658 608 2 636 331 357 274 2 279 058 1 381 882 5 6 Partnership 1 889  11 112 278 037 1 378 083 1 365 107 254 418 1 110 690 656 109 10 7 Other noncorporate and unknown 359  1 068 s26 856 87 324 86 518 10 694 s75 824 s53 370 40 s42 

### 23839, Other building finishing

contractors Total 3 776  50 837 1 727 903 4 920 658 4 877 356 303 774 4 573 582 3 415 363 3 3 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 2 977  46 728 1 620 273 4 564 984 4 523 940 280 300 4 243 640 3 176 679 3 3 Noncorporate 799  4 109 107 631 355 673 353 416 23 474 329 942 238 684 9 9 Individual proprietorship 543  1 742 35 319 135 787 135 410 7 688 127 722 93 368 19 18 Partnership 233  2 202 66 047 202 826 200 946 15 555 185 392 132 366 11 11 Other noncorporate and unknown 24  164 6 265 17 060 17 060 232 16 828 12 949 6 6 

### 238390, Other building finishing

contractors Total 3 776  50 837 1 727 903 4 920 658 4 877 356 303 774 4 573 582 3 415 363 3 3 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 2 977  46 728 1 620 273 4 564 984 4 523 940 280 300 4 243 640 3 176 679 3 3 Noncorporate 799  4 109 107 631 355 673 353 416 23 474 329 942 238 684 9 9 Individual proprietorship 543  1 742 35 319 135 787 135 410 7 688 127 722 93 368 19 18 Partnership 233  2 202 66 047 202 826 200 946 15 555 185 392 132 366 11 11 Other noncorporate and unknown 24  164 6 265 17 060 17 060 232 16 828 12 949 6 6 

### 2389, Other specialty trade

contractors Total 62 687  523 626 16 744 084 65 870 033 64 515 077 8 422 812 56 092 265 38 444 115 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 42 616  442 868 14 890 459 57 130 364 56 004 876 7 446 936 48 557 940 33 335 321 1 1 Noncorporate 20 071  80 759 1 853 625 8 739 670 8 510 201 975 876 7 534 325 5 108 794 3 3 Individual proprietorship 15 656  48 602 932 201 4 704 208 4 622 209 461 720 4 160 490 2 727 894 4 4 Partnership 3 835  28 025 811 113 3 571 756 3 444 359 451 808 2 992 550 2 128 870 4 5 Other noncorporate and unknown 580  4 131 110 311 463 705 443 633 62 347 381 285 252 030 14 15 

### 23891, Site preparation

contractors Total 30 589  284 528 9 769 890 38 290 034 37 754 592 5 220 653 32 533 940 23 286 650 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 20 519  244 016 8 755 360 33 542 725 33 081 531 4 690 267 28 391 263 20 399 965 2 2 Noncorporate 10 071  40 512 1 014 530 4 747 310 4 673 062 530 385 4 142 676 2 886 685 4 4 Individual proprietorship 8 023  23 967 509 176 2 533 044 2 492 022 230 564 2 261 458 1 562 242 5 5 Partnership 1 817  14 758 450 514 2 034 866 2 004 264 271 267 1 732 997 1 213 583 6 6 Other noncorporate and unknown 230  s 1 787 s54 840 179 400 176 775 28 554 148 221 110 859 30 33 See footnotes at end of table. 

# 20 Industry General Summary Construction

 Subject Series U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Table 6. 

# Selected Statistics for Establishments by Industry and Legal Form of **Organization: 2002**

 Con. [Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see Appendix A]

Item Relative standard error of estimate

(percent) for column

 Number of estab lishments Total number of employees Total payroll Value of business

done 1 Value of construction work 1 Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others Net value of construction work Value added A B C D E F G HE G 

### 23, Construction

 Con. 238, Specialty trade contractors

 Con. 2389, Other specialty trade

contractors  Con. 23891, Site preparation

contractors  Con. 238910, Site preparation

contractors Total 30 589  284 528 9 769 890 38 290 034 37 754 592 5 220 653 32 533 940 23 286 650 1 1 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 20 519  244 016 8 755 360 33 542 725 33 081 531 4 690 267 28 391 263 20 399 965 2 2 Noncorporate 10 071  40 512 1 014 530 4 747 310 4 673 062 530 385 4 142 676 2 886 685 4 4 Individual proprietorship 8 023  23 967 509 176 2 533 044 2 492 022 230 564 2 261 458 1 562 242 5 5 Partnership 1 817  14 758 450 514 2 034 866 2 004 264 271 267 1 732 997 1 213 583 6 6 Other noncorporate and unknown 230  s 1 787 s54 840 179 400 176 775 28 554 148 221 110 859 30 33 

### 23899, All other specialty trade

contractors Total 32 098  239 098 6 974 194 27 579 999 26 760 485 3 202 159 23 558 326 15 157 465 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 22 097  198 851 6 135 099 23 587 639 22 923 345 2 756 668 20 166 677 12 935 355 2 2 Noncorporate 10 000  40 247 839 095 3 992 360 3 837 139 445 490 3 391 649 2 222 110 4 4 Individual proprietorship 7 633  24 635 423 025 2 171 164 2 130 187 231 156 1 899 031 1 165 651 6 6 Partnership 2 018  13 267 360 599 1 536 891 1 440 094 180 541 1 259 553 915 287 7 7 Other noncorporate and unknown 350  2 344 55 472 284 305 266 857 33 793 233 064 141 171 12 13 

### 238990, All other specialty trade contractors Total 32 098  239 098 6 974 194 27 579 999 26 760 485 3 202 159 23 558 326 15 157 465 2 2 Legal form of organization:

Corporate 22 097  198 851 6 135 099 23 587 639 22 923 345 2 756 668 20 166 677 12 935 355 2 2 Noncorporate 10 000  40 247 839 095 3 992 360 3 837 139 445 490 3 391 649 2 222 110 4 4 Individual proprietorship 7 633  24 635 423 025 2 171 164 2 130 187 231 156 1 899 031 1 165 651 6 6 Partnership 2 018  13 267 360 599 1 536 891 1 440 094 180 541 1 259 553 915 287 7 7 Other noncorporate and unknown 350  2 344 55 472 284 305 266 857 33 793 233 064 141 171 12 13

1 For the 2002 Economic Census, the definitions of value of business done and value of construction work have been modified from the 1997 Economic Census definitions. See Appendix A for the modified definitions. Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The census results in this table contain sampling errors and nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactF inder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.



# Construction

 Subject Series Industry General Summary 21 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Appendix A. Explanation of Terms

ESTABLISHMENT A relatively permanent office, or other place of business, where the usual business activities related to construction are conducted. Generally, a relatively permanent office is one which has been established for the management of more than one project or job and which is expected to be maintained on a continuing basis. Number of establishments includes all establishments that were in business at any time during the year. It covers all full-year and part-year operations. Construction establishments which were inactive or idle for the entire year were not included. NUMBER OF EMPLOYEESIncludes all full-time and part-time individuals on the payrolls of construction establishments during any part of the pay period which included the 12th of March, May, August, and November. Included are individuals on paid sick leave, paid holidays, paid vacations, and salaried officers and executives of a corporation. Excluded are subcontractors and their employees; temporary staffing obtained from a staffing service; and proprietors and partners of unincorporated businesses.Includes all permanent full-time and part-time employees who are on the payrolls of establishments who worked or received pay for any part of the pay period including the 12th of March, May, August, and November. The all employees or total number of employees number is the sum of construction workers plus other employees who were on the payroll during the pay periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and November, divided by four. Construction workersIncludes all payroll workers (up through the working supervisory level) directly engaged in construction operations, such as painters, carpenters, plumbers, and electricians. Included are journeymen, mechanics, apprentices, laborers, truck drivers and helpers, equipment operators, on-site record keepers, and security guards. Supervisory employees above the working foreman level are excluded from this category and are included in the other employees category. The average number of construction workers is the sum of construction workers who were on the payroll during the pay periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and November, divided by four. Other employeesIncludes payroll employees in executive, purchasing, accounting, personnel, professional, technical activities, and routine office functions. Also included are supervisory employees above the working foreman level. The average number of other employees is the sum of other employees who were on the payroll during the pay periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and November, divided by four. PAYROLLIncludes the gross earnings paid in the reporting year to all employees on the payroll of construction establishments. It includes all forms of compensation such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, and vacation and sick leave pay, prior to deductions such as employees’ Appendix A A–1 Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## Social Security contributions, withholding taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds.The total includes salaries of officers of these establishments, if a corporation, but excludes payments to the proprietor or partners, if unincorporated. Payroll for Construction Workers Includes the gross earnings paid in the reporting year to all construction workers on the payroll ofconstruction establishments. It includes all forms of compensation such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, and vacation and sick leave pay, prior to deductions such as employees’ social security contributions, withholding taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. Payroll for Other EmployeesIncludes the gross earnings paid in the reporting year to all other employees on the payroll of construction establishments. It includes all forms of compensation such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, and vacations and sick leave pay, prior to deductions such as employees’ social security contributions, withholding taxes, group insurance, union dues, andsavings bonds. Payroll of other employees excludes salaries of the proprietor or partners, if unincorporated. FIRST-QUARTER PAYROLL FOR ALL EMPLOYEES Includes the gross earnings paid in the first quarter of the reporting year to all employees on the payroll of construction establishments. The first-quarter payroll period is the first quarterly pay period which includes March 12. Included are all forms of compensation such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, and vacation and sick leave pay, prior to such deductions as employees’ social security contributions, withholding taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. It also includes salaries of officers of these establishments, if a corporation, but excludes payments to the proprietor or partners, if unincorporated. FRINGE BENEFITS FOR ALL EMPLOYEES Includes the total sum of fringe benefits of all full-time and part-time employees on the payrolls of construction establishments during any part of the pay period which included the 12th of the months specified on the report form. Includes expenditures made by the employer for legally required and voluntary fringe benefit programs for employees. Legally Required Expenditures Includes expenditures made by the employer for social security and Medicare contributions, unemployment compensation, worker’s compensation, and state temporary disability payments. Voluntary ExpendituresIncludes expenditures made by the employer for life insurance premiums, pension plans, insurance premiums on hospital and medical plans, welfare plans, and union negotiated benefits. VALUE OF BUSINESS DONE Includes the sum of value of construction work and other business receipts. Value of businessdone is the sum of receipts, billings, or sales from establishments of construction business activities plus receipts from other business activities. Value of Construction WorkIn the 1987-1997 censuses, the value of construction work was collected to measure actual construction activity done during the year. Studies have shown that respondents were not able toaccurately report these data. In 2002, receipts, billings, or sales for construction work was collected. A–2 Appendix A Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## This item includes the receipts, billings, or sales for construction work done by building contractors, heavy and civil engineering construction contractors, and specialty trade contractors. Included are new construction, additions, alterations or reconstruction, and maintenance andrepair construction work. Establishments engaged in the sale and installation of construction components such as plumbing, heating, and central air-conditioning supplies and equipment; lumber and building materials; paint, glass, and wallpaper; and electrical and wiring supplies, elevators, or escalators were instructed to include both the value for the installation and receipts covering the price of the items installed. Excluded are the cost of industrial and other special machinery and equipment that are not an integral part of a structure and receipts from business operations in foreign countries. The value of construction work consists of several components that are summed up individually to get the total value of construction work. These components are:

1. Value of construction work on government owned projects. This is the total of all projects owned by federal, state, and local governments: a. Value of construction work on federally owned projects. This is the value of construction work for projects owned by the federal government. b. Value of construction work on state and locally owned projects. This is the summed total value of construction work for all projects owned by state and local governments. 2. Value of construction work on privately owned projects. This is the value of construction work for projects owned privately (excluding government owned projects). Other Business Receipts Includes the receipts for all other business activities done by an establishment in the current year. Includes business receipts not reported as value of construction work. This includes business receipts from retail and wholesale trade, rental of equipment without operator, manufacturing,transportation, legal services, insurance, finance, rental of property and other real estate operations, and other nonconstruction activities. Receipts for separately definable architectural and engineering work for others are also included here. Excluded are nonoperating income such as interest, dividends, the sale of fixed assets, or receipts from other business operations in foreign countries. NET VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK Includes the value of construction work less the cost of construction work subcontracted out to others. VALUE ADDEDThis measure of construction activity is equal to value of business done, less costs for construction work subcontracted out to others and costs for materials, components, supplies, and fuels. VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK SUBCONTRACTED IN FROM OTHERS Includes the value of construction work done by reporting establishments as subcontractors to other contractors or builders. Establishments were asked to report the approximate percent of total value of construction work accounted for by such work, and the percentages reported were applied to the reported value of construction work to develop a dollar value. CONSTRUCTION RECEIPTS PERCENT ESTIMATED Construction receipts were obtained from census respondent forms. For establishments whose respondent forms were not received at the time data were tabulated, the data were calculated using industry averages and imputation for nonresponse. Appendix A A–3 Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## SELECTED COSTS Includes the direct charges actually paid or payable for costs incurred for purchases of materials, components, and supplies; costs of construction work subcontracted out to others; and costs forselected power, fuels, and lubricants. Capital expenditures and rental costs for machinery, equipment, and structures are not included. Cost of Materials, Components, and SuppliesIncludes the costs for materials, components, and supplies used by establishments in the construction or reconstruction of buildings, structures, or other facilities plus costs for materialsbought and resold to others. Also included are costs made for direct purchases of materials, components, and supplies although the purchases were subsequently provided to subcontractors for their use. Supplies include expendable tools which are charged to current accounts. Freight andother direct charges representing only that amount paid after discounts and the value of materials, components, and supplies obtained from other establishments of the respondent’s company are also included. Excluded from this item are the cost of fuels, lubricants, electric energy, andindustrial and other specialized machinery and equipment such as printing presses; computer systems that are not an integral part of a structure; and materials furnished to contractors by the owners of projects. Cost of Construction Work Subcontracted Out to OthersIncludes all costs for construction work subcontracted out to other construction contractors during the reporting year. Excluded from this item are costs to the reporting establishment for its purchases of materials, components, and supplies provided to a subcontractor for use. These costs are reported under costs for materials, components, and supplies. Also excluded are costs for the rental of machinery or equipment. Cost of Selected Power, Fuels, and LubricantsIncludes costs for fuels including gasoline, diesel fuel and lubricants, and electric energy purchased during the year from other companies or received from other establishments of the company. Also included are costs for natural gas, manufactured gas, fuel oil, and coal and coke products. The components of selected power, fuels, and lubricants are:

1. Purchased electricity. This is the cost of electric energy purchased during the year from other companies or received from other establishments of the company.2. Natural gas and manufactured gas. This is the cost of natural gas and manufactured gas purchased during the year from other companies or received from other establishments of the company. 3. Gasoline and diesel fuel. This is the cost of gasoline and diesel fuel purchased during the yearfrom other companies or received from other establishments of the company. This cost in broken down into two different uses of gasoline and diesel fuel. They are:a. On-highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel. This is the cost of gasoline and diesel fuel purchased during the year to fuel highway vehicles. A highway vehicle is any self-propelled vehicle designed to carry a load over public highways, whether or not the vehicle was also designed to perform other functions. Examples of vehicles designed to carry a load over public highways are passenger automobiles, trucks, and truck tractors. If a vehicle can be used for a combination of on-highway and off-highway uses and has one fuel tank, the fuel use is not considered off-highway. An example of this is a concrete-mixer truck where the truck engine operates both the engine and the mixing unit by a power take-off and is fueled by a single tank. None of the fuel used in this vehicle is off-highway because of the on-highway use. If the vehicle has separate fuel tanks and engines, the fuel in a tank used for non-highway use may be considered off-highway use. A–4 Appendix A Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## b. Off-highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel. This is the cost of gasoline and diesel fuel purchased during the reporting year for off-highway use. Off-highway fuel use is the use of fuel for trade, business, or income producing activity. In most cases, off-highway fuel use does not include use in a highway vehicle registered or required to be registered for use on public highways. 4. All other fuels and lubricants. This is the cost of fuels and lubricants purchased during the year from other companies or received from other establishments of the company that are notincluded as costs in any of these categories: natural gas; manufactured gas; gasoline; and diesel fuel. COSTS OF MATERIALS, COMPONENTS, SUPPLIES, AND FUELSIncludes the costs for materials, components, and supplies used by establishments in the construction or reconstruction of buildings, structures, or other facilities plus costs for materials bought and resold to others. Also included is the costs for fuels. These include gasoline, diesel fuel, lubricants, electric energy purchased during the year from other companies or received from other establishments of the company, and costs for natural and manufactured gas, fuel oil, and coal and coke products. Excluded from this item are industrial and other specialized machinery and equipment, such as printing presses; computer systems that are not an integral part of a structure; and materials furnished to contractors by the owners of projects. RENTAL PAYMENTS Includes the total rental costs for renting and/or leasing construction machinery and equipment,transportation equipment, production equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, scaffolding, office space, and buildings. It excludes costs for the rental of land. It also excludes costs under agreements that in effect are conditional sales contracts such as capital leases. Such costs are included in capital expenditures. SELECTED PURCHASED SERVICESIncludes the costs for services purchased from other companies that are paid directly by an establishment that are normally considered as overhead or non-job-related costs. Included are only thecost of repairs necessary to maintain property and equipment. Excluded are the cost of improvements that increase the value of property or the cost of adapting the property for another use. Such costs are included in capital expenditures. Also excluded are the salaries paid to employees and cost of construction activities subcontracted to others already reported within the selected costs of an establishment. Included in the cost of selected purchased services for communication services is the actualexpense incurred or payable during the year for any type of communication. Such types of communication include telephone, data transmission, telegraph, Internet, connectivity, FAX, telex, photo transmission, paging, cellular telephone, on-line access and related services, etc. Included in the cost of selected purchased services for repairs to buildings and other structures is the actual expense incurred or payable during the year for any type of repair to buildings andother structures. Such types of repair include maintenance and repair of buildings, job-site trailers, and other structures. Excluded are janitorial services. The cost of selected purchased services for repairs to machinery and equipment is the actualexpense incurred or payable during the year for any type of repairs made to structures and equipment by outside companies or from other establishments of the same company. Such types of repairs to machinery and equipment include maintenance and repair of construction equipmentand tools; machinery; and office equipment, furniture, and vehicles, including related service contracts. Included in the cost of selected purchased services for legal services is the actual expense incurred or payable during the year for any type of legal services. Excluded are the salaries paid to employees of the establishment for these services. Appendix A A–5 Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## Included in the cost of selected purchased services for accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services is the actual expense incurred or payable during the year for these services. Excluded are the salaries paid to employees of the establishment for these services. Included in the cost of selected purchased services for advertising and promotional services is the actual expense incurred or payable during the year for these services. Such types of advertising and promotional services include advertising, marketing, promotional, or public relations services. GROSS BOOK VALUE OF DEPRECIABLE ASSETS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR AND END OF YEAR Includes the value of depreciable assets for the beginning of year and end of year. Gross value of depreciable assets are usually the original costs of the assets at the beginning of the year. The gross value of depreciable assets at the begging of the year, plus any capital expenditures for new and used depreciable assets in the reporting year, minus the gross value of depreciable assetssold, retired, scrapped, destroyed, etc. in the reporting year, comprise gross book value of depreciable assets at the end of the year. Depreciable assets are the fixed tangible property of the establishment for which depreciation accounts are ordinarily maintained. CAPITAL EXPENDITURES, EXCEPT LAND Includes capital expenditures that will be charged to the fixed assets accounts and for which depreciation accounts are ordinarily maintained. Includes the cost of capital improvements that were made during the year that increased the value of property or adapted the property foranother use. Capital expenditures for leasehold improvements made to property leased from others are also included. Land expenditures are not included as capital expenditures. If any building or equipment had been acquired under a capital leasing arrangement that meet the criteria set down by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), respondents were instructed to report the original cost or market value as a fixed asset and as a capital expenditure, if acquired in the reporting year. If the lease qualified as an operating lease, respondents were instructed not to include the value of the building and equipment as a fixed asset or capital expenditure. If capitalexpenditures were not recorded directly at the establishment level but handled centrally at a company or division level, respondents were requested to report appropriate estimates for the individual establishments. RETIREMENTS AND DISPOSITION OF DEPRECIABLE ASSETS Includes the gross value of depreciable assets sold, retired, scrapped, destroyed, abandoned, etc., during the year. The values shown are the acquisition costs of the retired assets. This item also includes the value of assets (at acquisition cost rather than current market value) transferred to other establishments of the same company. DEPRECIATION CHARGES DURING YEAR Includes the depreciation expenses of the establishment during the reporting year. These expenses are charged against depreciable assets which are the fixed tangible property of the establishment for which depreciation accounts are ordinarily maintained. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH INVENTORIES Includes all establishments with payroll that reported a dollar amount of inventory. Includes the number of establishments that were in business at any time during the reporting year. It covers all full-year and part-year operations. Construction establishments that were inactive or idle for the entire year were not included. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Inventories Includes the value of construction work for establishments with payroll that reported a dollar amount of inventory in the reporting year. A–6 Appendix A Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## BEGINNING AND END OF YEAR INVENTORIES OF MATERIALS AND SUPPLIESIncludes the inventories of materials and supplies owned at the beginning and end of the reporting year by establishments with payroll. Includes all of the materials and supplies that are owned regardless of where they are held. Excludes materials that are owned by others but held by the reporting establishment. Builders who built on their own account for sale were requested toexclude work in progress and finished units not sold from inventories. Inventories of multiestablishment companies were instructed to be reported by the establishment that is responsible for the inventories, even if these inventories were held at a separate location. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH NO INVENTORIESIncludes all establishments with payroll that reported having no inventories of materials and supplies during the reporting year. Includes the number of establishments that were in business at any time during the reporting year. It covers all full-year and part-year operations. Construction establishments that were inactive or idle for the entire reporting year were not included. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With No Inventories Includes the value of construction work for establishments with payroll that reported having no dollar amount of inventory in the reporting year. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS NOT REPORTING INVENTORIES Includes all establishments with payroll that did not report a dollar amount for inventories of materials and supplies during the reporting year. It covers all full-year and part-year operations. Construction establishments that were inactive or idle for the entire reporting year were not included. Value of Construction Work for Establishments Not Reporting Inventories Includes the value of construction work for establishments that did not report a dollar amount for inventories of materials and supplies, and the value of construction work for establishments that did not complete a census form. VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK BY TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION Includes the dollar value of construction work according to the specified types of construction. There are three categories of construction. They are:

1. New construction. The original construction work done on a project including all finishing work on the original building or structure. Land development work on the site and demolition of existing structures are also included. 2. Additions, alterations, or reconstruction. The construction work which adds to the value or useful life of an existing building or structure or which adapts a building or structure to a newor different use. Included are “major replacements” of building systems such as the installation of a new roof or heating system and the resurfacing of streets or highways. This contrasts to the repair of a hole in a roof or the routine patching of highways and streets, which would be classified as maintenance and repair. 3. Maintenance and repair. The incidental construction work which keeps a property in ordinary working condition. Excluded are trash and snow removal, lawn maintenance and landscaping, cleaning, and janitorial services. Types of Construction Provides data by the types of buildings, structures, or other facilities being constructed or worked on by construction establishments in the reporting year. Respondents were instructed that each building, structure, or other facility should be classified in terms of its function. For example, a restaurant building was to be classified in the restaurant category whether it was designed as a commercial restaurant building or an auxiliary unit of an educational institution. If respondents Appendix A A–7 Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## worked on more than one type of building or structure in a multibuilding complex, they were instructed to report separately for each building or type of structure. If they worked on a building that had more than one purpose; i.e., office and residential, or commercial, they were to classifythe building by its major purpose. In addition, all respondents were requested to report the percentage of the value of construction work done for new construction, additions, alterations, or reconstruction, and maintenance and repair work for each of these types. There are two types of construction:

1. Building Construction. The details for this type of construction are defined as: • Single-family houses, detached. Includes all fully detached residential buildings constructed

for one family use. • Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses and townhouse-type condominiums.

Includes all residential buildings with two or more living quarters side by side, completely independent of one another, and separated by an unbroken party or lot line wall from ground to roof. • Apartment buildings, apartment-type condominiums, and cooperatives. Includes apartment

rentals, high-rise, low-rise, or any structures containing two or more housing units, excluding attached single-family houses. • Dormitories and barracks. Includes school dormitories and military or nonmilitary barracks

that are nonhousekeeping structures. • Other manufacturing and industrial buildings. Includes all manufacturing and industrial

buildings and plants that are used to house production and assembly activities. Note that industrial parks should be classified under its primary usage such as warehouses, officespace, commercial, or industrial type buildings. Heavy industrial facilities such as blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, and chemical complexes are not included in this category but are reported under nonbuilding construction. • Manufacturing and industrial warehouses. Includes all warehouses which are intended for

industrial activities. • Hotels and motels. Includes hotels, motels, bed-and-breakfast inns, and tourist cabins

intended for transient accommodations. Also included are hotel and motel conference centers.• Office buildings. Includes all buildings that are used primarily for office space or for government administrative offices. Also included are banks or financial buildings that are three stories or more. Medical office buildings are reported under hospitals and institutional buildings. • All other miscellaneous commercial buildings. Includes all buildings that are intended for

use primarily in the retail and service trades, i.e., shopping centers, department stores, drug stores, restaurants, public garages, auto service stations, and one or two story bank or financial institutions. • Commercial warehouses. Includes distribution buildings and mini-storage units intended

for commercial use. Also included are storage warehouses.• Religious buildings. Includes all buildings that are intended for religious services or functions such as churches, synagogues, convents, monasteries, and seminaries. • Educational buildings. Includes all buildings that are used directly in administrative and

instructional activities such as colleges, universities, elementary and secondary schools, correspondence, commercial, and trade schools. Libraries, museums, and art galleries, as well as laboratories that are not a part of a manufacturing or commercial establishment, are also included. A–8 Appendix A Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## • Health care and institutional buildings. Includes hospitals, medical office buildings, and all other buildings that are intended to provide health and institutional care such as clinics, infirmaries, sanitariums, nursing homes, homes for the aged, and orphanages. • Public safety buildings. Includes detention centers, prisons, fire stations, and rescue squad

buildings.• Farm buildings, nonresidential. Includes nonresidential farm buildings such as barns, poultry houses, implement sheds, and farm silos. • Amusement, social, and recreational buildings. Includes buildings that are used primarily

for entertainment, social, and recreational activities such as sports arenas, convention centers, theaters, music halls, golf and country club buildings, fitness centers, and bowling alleys. • Indoor swimming pools. Includes pools that are inside a building. • Indoor ice rinks. Includes ice rinks that are inside a building.• Grain elevators and dry cleaning plants. Includes grain and storage elevators and dry cleaning plants.• Waste disposal plants. Includes recycling centers, garbage disposal plants, incinerator disposed facilities, and material recovery facilities. • Miscellaneous building construction. Includes all other nonresidential buildings such as fire

stations, post offices, and bus and air passenger terminals and hangars. 2. Nonbuilding Construction. The details for this type of construction are defined as: • Highways, streets, and related work. Includes streets, roads, alleys, sidewalks, curbs and

gutters, culverts, erosion control, installation of guard rails, highway signs, and lighting.Also includes earthwork protective structures when used in connection with road improvements. • Airport runways and related work. Includes airport runways, taxiways, aprons, and related

work. • Private driveways and parking areas. Includes all nonstructural parking areas and private

driveways of all surface types.• Bridges and elevated highways. Includes viaducts and overpasses, roads, highways, railroads, and causeways built on structural supports. • Tunnels. Includes highway, pedestrian, railroad, and water distribution tunnels. • Sewers, sewer lines, septic tanks, and related facilities. Includes sanitary and storm sewers,

pumping stations, septic systems, and related facilities. • Water mains and related facilities. Includes water supply systems, pumping stations, and

related facilities. • Oil and gas pipeline construction. Includes pipelines for the transmission of gas, petroleum

products, and liquefied gases.• Power and communication transmission lines, towers, and related facilities. Includes electric power lines, telephone and telegraph lines, fiber optic cables, cable television lines, television and radio towers, and electric light and power facilities. • Power plants and cogeneration plants, except hydroelectric. Includes electric and steam

generating plants, cogenerating plants, and nuclear plants. • Power plant, hydroelectric. Includes all types of hydroelectric power generating plants. • Blast furnaces, chemical complexes, etc. Includes coke ovens and mining appurtenances

such as tipples and washeries. Appendix A A–9 Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## • Sewage treatment plants. Includes sewage treatment and waste disposal plants. • Water treatment plants. Includes water filtration and water softening plants. • Urban mass transit. Includes subways, street cars, and light rail systems. • Railroad construction. Includes the construction of railroad beds, tracks, freight yards, and

signal towers for railroad systems, excluding urban mass transit. • Conservation and development construction. Includes land reclamation, irrigation projects,

drainage canals, levees, jetties, breakwaters, and flood control projects. • Dam and reservoir construction. Includes hydroelectric, water supply, and flood control

dams and reservoirs.• Dry and Solid waste disposal. Includes all dry and solid waste disposal sites where nonhazardous waste is buried. • Harbor and port facilities. Includes docks, piers, and wharves.• Marine construction. Includes dredging, underwater rock removal, breakwaters, navigational channels, and locks. • Petrochemical plants and petroleum refineries. Includes petroleum related facilities. • Outdoor swimming pools. Includes wading pools and reflecting pools. • Fencing. Includes all types of fencing, except electronic containment fencing for pets. • Electronic containment fencing. Includes all types of electronic containment fencing for

pets. • Recreational facilities. Includes athletic fields, golf courses, outdoor tennis courts, trails,

and camps.• Ships. Includes special trade contractors working on ships and boats such as painters, carpenters, joiners, electricians, etc.• Oil and gas fields. Includes road construction, land clearing contracting, land moving contracting, and land leveling contracting in oil and gas fields.• Oil and gas field gathering lines. Includes land clearing contracting, land moving contracting, and land leveling contracting. • Coal mines. Includes land clearing contracting, land moving contracting, and land leveling

contracting. • Metal mines. Includes land clearing contracting, land moving contracting, and land leveling

contracting. • Nonmetallic mines. Includes land clearing contracting, land moving contracting, and land

leveling contracting. • All other miscellaneous nonbuilding construction. Includes all other types of nonbuilding

construction. KINDS OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES Includes dollar value of business done by business activity. Primary activities are construction activities that generate fifty-one percent or more of an establishment’s dollar value of business done. Also included are other kinds of business activities. Other kinds of business activities include business receipts not reported as value of construction work. This item includes business receipts from retail and wholesale trade, rental of equipment without an operator, manufacturing,transportation, legal services, insurance, finance, rental of property and other real estate operations, and other nonconstruction activities. Receipts for separately definable architectural and engineering work for others are also included in other kinds of business activities. A–10 Appendix A Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK FOR SPECIALIZED TYPE AND KIND OF BUSINESS Includes value of construction work for one of two specialized categories. These categoriesinclude types of construction and kind-of-business activity. A construction establishment specializes in a type of construction when fifty-one percent or more of the construction work done is in one construction industry. The construction establishment reports each type of construction it performs as a percent of value of construction work. Types of construction refers to the types of buildings, structures, or facilities constructed or worked on by construction establishments in thereporting year. Specialization in types of construction displays data for establishments with payroll that falls within each percent range of specialization. A construction establishment specializes in a kind-of-business activity when fifty-one percent or more of the construction work done by the establishment is performed in one type of business activity. The construction establishmentreports each kind-of-business activity engaged in as a percent of value of construction work. Kindof-business activity refers to the kinds of business activities construction establishments perform throughout the reporting year. Examples of kind-of-business activity include highway and streetconstruction, electrical contracting, carpentry contracting, and concrete contracting. Specialization in kind-of-business activity displays data for establishments with payroll that fall within each percent range of specialization. SPECIALIZATION PERCENT Includes data for establishments with payroll that fall within each percent range of specialization. VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK FOR ESTABLISHMENTS BY LOCATION OF WORK This is the value of construction done in particular states by establishment. An establishment can do construction in one or more states.

Appendix A A–11 Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Appendix B. NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions

SECTOR 23 CONSTRUCTIONThe construction sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of buildings or engineering projects (e.g., highways and utility systems). Establishments primarily engaged in the preparation of sites for new construction and establishments primarily engaged in subdividing land for sale as building sites also are included in this sector. Construction work done may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. Activities of these establishments generally are managed at a fixed place of business, but they usually perform construction activities at multiple project sites. Production responsibilitiesfor establishments in this sector are usually specified in (1) contracts with the owners of construction projects (prime contracts) or (2) contracts with other construction establishments (subcontracts).Establishments primarily engaged in contracts that include responsibility for all aspects of individual construction projects are commonly known as general contractors, but also may be known as design-builders, construction managers, turnkey contractors, or (in cases where two or more establishments jointly secure a general contract) joint-venture contractors. Construction managers that provide oversight and scheduling only (i.e., agency) as well as construction managers that areresponsible for the entire project (i.e., at risk) are included as general contractor type establishments. Establishments of the “general contractor type” frequently arrange construction of separate parts of their projects through subcontracts with other construction establishments. Establishments primarily engaged in activities to produce a specific component (e.g., masonry, painting, and electrical work) of a construction project are commonly known as specialty tradecontractors. Activities of specialty trade contractors are usually subcontracted from other construction establishments, but especially in remodeling and repair construction, the work may be done directly for the owner of the property. Establishments primarily engaged in activities to construct buildings to be sold on sites that they own are known as operative builders, but also may be known as speculative builders or merchant builders. Operative builders produce buildings in a manner similar to general contractors, buttheir production processes also include site acquisition and securing of financial backing. Operative builders are most often associated with the construction of residential buildings. Like general contractors, they may subcontract all or part of the actual construction work on their buildings. There are substantial differences in the types of equipment, work force skills, and other inputs required by establishments in this sector. To highlight these differences and variations in the underlying production functions, this sector is divided into three subsectors. Subsector 236, Construction of Buildings, comprises establishments of the general contractor type and operative builders involved in the construction of buildings. Subsector 237, Heavy andCivil Engineering Construction, comprises establishments involved in the construction of engineering projects. Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors, comprises establishments engaged in specialty trade activities generally needed in the construction of all types of buildings. Force account construction is construction work performed by an enterprise primarily engaged insome business other than construction for its own account and use, using employees of the enterprise. This activity is not included in the construction sector unless the construction work performed is the primary activity of a separate establishment of the enterprise. The installation and the ongoing repair and maintenance of telecommunications and utility networks is excluded from construction when the establishments performing the work are not independent contractors. Appendix B B–1 Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## Although a growing proportion of this work is subcontracted to independent contractors in the Construction Sector, the operating units of telecommunications and utility companies performing this work are included with the telecommunications or utility activities. 236 CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS The Construction of Buildings subsector comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction of buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. The on-site assembly of precut, panelized, and prefabricated buildingsand construction of temporary buildings are included in this subsector. Part or all of the production work for which the establishments in this sector have responsibility may be subcontracted to other construction establishments usually specialty trade contractors. Establishments in this subsector are classified based on the types of buildings they construct. This classification reflects variations in the requirements of the underlying production processes. 2361 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION This industry group comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction or remodeling and renovation of single-family and multifamily residential buildings. Included in thisindustry are residential housing general contractors (i.e., new construction, remodeling or renovating existing residential structures), operative builders and remodelers of residential structures, residential project construction management firms, and residential design-build firms. 23611 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction or remodeling and renovation of single-family and multifamily residential buildings. Included in this industry are residential housing general contractors (i.e., new construction, remodeling or renovating existing residential structures), operative builders and remodelers of residential structures, residential project construction management firms, and residential design-build firms. 236115 NEW SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSING CONSTRUCTION (EXCEPT OPERATIVE BUILDERS) This U.S. industry comprises general contractor establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction of new single-family housing, such as single-family detached houses and town houses or row houses where each housing unit pertains to one or more of the following:

1. is separated from its neighbors by a ground-to-roof wall and 2. has no housing units constructed above or below. This industry includes general contractors responsible for the on-site assembly of modular and prefabricated houses. Single-family housing design-build firms and single-family construction management firms acting as general contractors are included in this industry. 236116 NEW MULTIFAMILY HOUSING CONSTRUCTION (EXCEPT OPERATIVE BUILDERS) This U.S. industry comprises general contractor establishments responsible for the construction of new multifamily residential housing units (e.g., high-rise, garden, and town house apartments andcondominiums where each unit is not separated from its neighbors by a ground-to-roof wall). Multifamily design-build firms and multifamily housing construction management firms acting as general contractors are included in this industry. 236117 NEW HOUSING OPERATIVE BUILDERS This U.S. industry comprises operative builders primarily responsible for the entire construction of new houses and other residential buildings, single-family and multifamily, on their own account for sale. Operative builders are also known as speculative or merchant builders. B–2 Appendix B Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## 236118 RESIDENTIAL REMODELERS This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the remodeling construction (including additions, alterations, reconstruction, maintenance, and repair work) of houses and other residential buildings (single-family and multifamily). Included in this industry are remodeling general contractors, operative remodelers, remodeling design-build firms, and remodeling project construction management firms. 2362 NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONThis industry group comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (including new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of nonresidential buildings. Thisindustry group includes nonresidential general contractors, nonresidential operative builders, nonresidential design-build firms, and nonresidential project construction management firms. 23621 INDUSTRIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (including newwork, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of industrial buildings (except warehouses). The construction of selected additional structures, whose production processes are similar to those for industrial buildings (e.g., incinerators, cement plants, blast furnaces, and similarnonbuilding structures), is included in this industry. Included in this industry are industrial building general contractors, industrial building operative builders, industrial building design-build firms, and industrial building construction management firms. 236210 INDUSTRIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (includingnew work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of industrial buildings (except warehouses). The construction of selected additional structures, whose production processes are similar to those for industrial buildings (e.g., incinerators, cement plants, blast furnaces, and similar nonbuilding structures), is included in this industry. Also included in this industry are industrialbuilding general contractors, industrial building operative builders, industrial building designbuild firms, and industrial building construction management firms. 23622 COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (including new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of commercial and institutional buildingsand related structures, such as stadiums, grain elevators, and indoor swimming pools. This industry includes establishments responsible for the on-site assembly of modular or prefabricated commercial and institutional buildings. Included in this industry are commercial and institutional building general contractors, commercial and institutional building operative builders, commercial and institutional building design-build firms, and commercial and institutional building project construction management firms. 236220 COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (includingnew work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of commercial and institutional buildings and related structures, such as stadiums, grain elevators, and indoor swimming pools. This industry includes establishments responsible for the on-site assembly of modular or prefabricatedcommercial and institutional buildings. Also included in this industry are commercial and institutional building general contractors, commercial and institutional building operative builders, commercial and institutional building design-build firms, and commercial and institutional building project construction management firms. 237 HEAVY AND CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION The Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction subsector comprises establishments whose primary activity is the construction of entire engineering projects (e.g., highways and dams), and specialty trade contractors, whose primary activity is the production of a specific component for such Appendix B B–3 Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## projects. Specialty trade contractors in Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction generally are performing activities that are specific to heavy and civil engineering construction projects and are notnormally performed on buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. Specialty trade activities are classified in this subsector if the skills and equipment present are specific to heavy or civil engineering construction projects. For example, specialized equipment is needed to paint lines on highways. This equipment is not normally used in building applications so the activity is classified in this subsector. Traffic signal installation, while specific to highways, uses much of the same skills and equipment that are needed for electrical work in building projects and is therefore classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors. Construction projects involving water resources (e.g., dredging and land drainage) and projectsinvolving open space improvement (e.g., parks and trails) are included in this subsector. Establishments whose primary activity is the subdivision of land into individual building lots usually perform various additional site-improvement activities (e.g., road building and utility line installation) and are included in this subsector.Establishments in this subsector are classified based on the types of structures that they construct. This classification reflects variations in the requirements of the underlying production processes. 2371 UTILITY SYSTEM CONSTRUCTIONThis industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of distribution lines and related buildings and structures for utilities (i.e., water, sewer, petroleum, gas, power, and communication). All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of utility systems (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, power plants, and refineries) are included in this industry group. 23711 WATER AND SEWER LINE AND RELATED STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTION This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of water and sewer lines, mains, pumping stations, treatment plants and storage tanks. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to water and sewer line and related structures construction. All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of water and sewer networks (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, water treatment plants, and sewage treatment plants) are included in this industry. 237110 WATER AND SEWER LINE AND RELATED STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTION This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of water and sewer lines, mains, pumping stations, treatment plants, and storage tanks. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to water and sewer line and related structures construction. All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of water and sewer networks (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, water treatment plants, and sewage treatment plants) are included in this industry. 23712 OIL AND GAS PIPELINE AND RELATED STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTION This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of oil and gas lines, mains, refineries, and storage tanks. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction. All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of oil and gas networks (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, and refineries) are included in this industry. B–4 Appendix B Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## 237120 OIL AND GAS PIPELINE AND RELATED STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTION This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of oil and gaslines, mains, refineries, and storage tanks. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if theyare engaged in activities primarily related to oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction. All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of oil and gas networks (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, and refineries) are included in this industry.23713 POWER AND COMMUNICATION LINE AND RELATED STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTION This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of power lines andtowers, power plants, and radio, television, and telecommunications transmitting/receiving towers. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to power and communication line and related structures construction. All structures (includingbuildings) that are integral parts of power and communication networks (e.g., transmitting towers, substations, and power plants) are included. 237130 POWER AND COMMUNICATION LINE AND RELATED STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTION This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of power lines and towers, power plants, and radio, television, and telecommunications transmitting/receiving towers. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to power and communication line and related structures construction. All structures(including buildings) that are integral parts of power and communication networks (e.g., transmitting towers, substations, and power plants) are included. 2372 LAND SUBDIVISIONThis industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in servicing land and subdividing real property into lots, for subsequent sale to builders. Servicing of land may include excavation work for the installation of roads and utility lines. The extent of work may vary from projectto project. Land subdivision precedes building activity and the subsequent building is often residential, but may also be commercial tracts and industrial parks. These establishments may do all the work themselves or subcontract the work to others. Establishments that perform only the legal subdivision of land are not included in this industry. 23721 LAND SUBDIVISION This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in servicing land and subdividing real property into lots, for subsequent sale to builders. Servicing of land may include excavation work for the installation of roads and utility lines. The extent of work may vary from project to project. Land subdivision precedes building activity and the subsequent building is often residential, but may also be commercial tracts and industrial parks. These establishments may do all the workthemselves or subcontract the work to others. Establishments that perform only the legal subdivision of land are not included in this industry. 237210 LAND SUBDIVISION This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in servicing land and subdividing real property into lots for subsequent sale to builders. Servicing of land may include excavation work for the installation of roads and utility lines. The extent of work may vary from project toproject. Land subdivision precedes building activity and the subsequent building is often residential, but may also be commercial tracts and industrial parks. These establishments may do all the work themselves or subcontract the work to others. Establishments that perform only the legal subdivision of land are not included in this industry. Appendix B B–5 Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## 2373 HIGHWAY, STREET, AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of highways(including elevated), streets, roads, airport runways, public sidewalks, or bridges. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to highway, street, and bridge construction (e.g., installing guardrails on highways). 23731 HIGHWAY, STREET, AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of highways(including elevated), streets, roads, airport runways, public sidewalks, or bridges. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to highway, street, and bridge construction (e.g., installing guardrails on highways). 237310 HIGHWAY, STREET, AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of highways(including elevated), streets, roads, airport runways, public sidewalks, or bridges. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to highway, street, and bridge construction (e.g., installing guardrails on highways). 2379 OTHER HEAVY AND CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTIONThis industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in heavy and engineering construction projects (excluding highway, street, bridge, and distribution line construction). The workperformed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to engineering construction projects (excluding highway, street, bridge, distribution line, oil and gas structure, and utilities building and structure construction). Construction projects involving water resources (e.g., dredging and land drainage), development of marine facilities, and projects involving open space improvement (e.g., parks and trails) are included in this industry. 23799 OTHER HEAVY AND CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in heavy and engineering constructionprojects (excluding highway, street, bridge, and distribution line construction). The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to engineering construction projects (excluding highway, street, bridge, distribution line, oil and gas structure, and utilities building and structure construction). Construction projects involving water resources (e.g., dredging and land drainage), development of marine facilities, and projects involving open space improvement (e.g., parks and trails) are included in this industry. 237990 OTHER HEAVY AND CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTIONThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in heavy and engineering construction projects (excluding highway, street, bridge, and distribution line construction). The workperformed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to engineering construction projects (excluding highway, street, bridge, distribution line, oil and gas structure, and utilities building and structure construction). Construction projects involving water resources (e.g., dredging and land drainage), development of marine facilities, and projects involving open space improvement (e.g., parks and trails) are included in this industry. 238 SPECIALTY TRADE CONTRACTORS The Specialty Trade Contractors subsector comprises establishments whose primary activity is performing specific activities (e.g., pouring concrete, site preparation, plumbing, painting, and electrical work) involved in building construction or other activities that are similar for all types of B–6 Appendix B Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## construction but that are not responsible for the entire project. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. The production work performed byestablishments in this subsector is usually subcontracted from establishments of the general contractor type or operative builders but, especially in remodeling and repair construction, work also may be done directly for the owner of the property. Specialty trade contractors usually perform most of their work at the construction site, although they may have shops where they performprefabrication and other work. Establishments primarily engaged in preparing sites for new construction are also included in this subsector. There are substantial differences in types of equipment, work force skills, and other inputs required by specialty trade contractors. Establishments in this subsector are classified based on the underlying production function for the specialty trade in which they specialize. Throughout the Specialty Trade Contractors subsector, establishments commonly provide both the parts and labor required to complete work. For example, electrical contractors supply the current-carrying and noncurrent-carrying wiring devices that are required to install a circuit. Plumbing, Heating and Air-Conditioning contractors also supply the parts required to complete a contract.Establishments that specialize in activities primarily related to heavy and civil engineering construction that are not normally performed on buildings, such as the painting of lines on highways are classified in Subsector 237, Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction. Establishments that are primarily engaged in selling construction materials are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade, or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, based on the characteristics of the selling unit. 2381 FOUNDATION, STRUCTURE, AND BUILDING EXTERIOR CONTRACTORS This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the specialty trades needed to complete the basic structure (i.e., foundation, frame, and shell) of buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23811 POURED CONCRETE FOUNDATION AND STRUCTURE CONTRACTORSThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring and finishing concrete foundations and structural elements. This industry also includes establishments performing grout and shotcrete work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 238110 POURED CONCRETE FOUNDATION AND STRUCTURE CONTRACTORS This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring and finishing concrete foundations and structural elements. This industry also includes establishments performing groutand shotcrete work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23812 STRUCTURAL STEEL AND PRECAST CONCRETE CONTRACTORS This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following:

1. erecting and assembling structural parts made from steel or precast concrete (e.g., steel beams, structural steel components, and similar products of precast concrete); and/or 2. assembling and installing other steel construction products (e.g., steel rods, bars, rebar, mesh, and cages) to reinforce poured-in-place concrete. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 238120 STRUCTURAL STEEL AND PRECAST CONCRETE CONTRACTORS This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in:

1. erecting and assembling structural parts made from steel or precast concrete (e.g., steel beams, structural steel components, and similar products of precast concrete) and/or Appendix B B–7 Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## 2. assembling and installing other steel construction products (e.g., steel rods, bars, rebar, mesh, and cages) to reinforce poured-in-place concrete. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23813 FRAMING CONTRACTORS This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in structural framing and sheathing using materials other than structural steel or concrete. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 238130 FRAMING CONTRACTORSThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in structural framing and sheathing using materials other than structural steel or concrete. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23814 MASONRY CONTRACTORS This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in masonry work, stone setting, brick laying, and other stone work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 238140 MASONRY CONTRACTORS This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in masonry work, stone setting,brick laying, and other stone work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23815 GLASS AND GLAZING CONTRACTORS This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing glass panes in prepared openings (i.e., glazing work) and other glass work for buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 238150 GLASS AND GLAZING CONTRACTORSThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing glass panes in prepared openings (i.e., glazing work) and other glass work for buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23816 ROOFING CONTRACTORS This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in roofing. This industry also includes establishments treating roofs (i.e., spraying, painting, or coating) and installing skylights. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 238160 ROOFING CONTRACTORS This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in roofing. This industry also includes establishments treating roofs (i.e., spraying, painting, or coating) and installing skylights. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23817 SIDING CONTRACTORS This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing siding of wood, aluminum, vinyl or other exterior finish material (except brick, stone, stucco, or curtain wall). This industry also includes establishments installing gutters and downspouts. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. B–8 Appendix B Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## 238170 SIDING CONTRACTORSThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing siding of wood, aluminum, vinyl, or other exterior finish material (except brick, stone, stucco, or curtain wall). This industry also includes establishments installing gutters and downspouts. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23819 OTHER FOUNDATION, STRUCTURE, AND BUILDING EXTERIOR CONTRACTORS This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in building foundation and structure trades work (except poured concrete, structural steel, precast concrete, framing, masonry, glassand glazing, roofing, and siding). The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 238190 OTHER FOUNDATION, STRUCTURE, AND BUILDING EXTERIOR CONTRACTORSThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in building foundation and structure trades work (except poured concrete, structural steel, precast concrete, framing, masonry, glass and glazing, roofing, and siding). The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 2382 BUILDING EQUIPMENT CONTRACTORSThis industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing or servicing equipment that forms part of a building mechanical system (e.g., electricity, water, heating, and cooling). The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance andrepairs. Contractors installing specialized building equipment, such as elevators, escalators, service station equipment, and central vacuum cleaning systems are also included. 23821 ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing and servicing electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical contractors included in this industry may include both the partsand labor when performing work. Electrical contractors may perform new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 238210 ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORSThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing and servicing electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical contractors included in this industry may include both the parts and labor when performing work. Electrical contractors may perform new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23822 PLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONING CONTRACTORS This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing and servicing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment. Contractors in this industry may provide both parts and labor when performing work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 238220 PLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONING CONTRACTORSThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing and servicing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment. Contractors in this industry may provide both partsand labor when performing work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23829 OTHER BUILDING EQUIPMENT CONTRACTORS This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing or servicing building equipment (except electrical; plumbing; heating, cooling, or ventilation equipment). The repairand maintenance of miscellaneous building equipment is included in this industry. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. Appendix B B–9 Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## 238290 OTHER BUILDING EQUIPMENT CONTRACTORS This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing or servicing building equipment (except electrical; plumbing; and heating, cooling, or ventilation equipment). The repair and maintenance of miscellaneous building equipment is included in this industry. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 2383 BUILDING FINISHING CONTRACTORS This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the specialty trades needed tofinish buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. 23831 DRYWALL AND INSULATION CONTRACTORS This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in drywall, plaster work, and building insulation work. Plaster work includes applying plain or ornamental plaster, and installation of lathto receive plaster. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 238310 DRYWALL AND INSULATION CONTRACTORS This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in drywall, plaster work, andbuilding insulation work. Plaster work includes applying plain or ornamental plaster, and installation of lath to receive plaster. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23832 PAINTING AND WALL COVERING CONTRACTORSThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in interior or exterior painting or interior wall covering. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 238320 PAINTING AND WALL COVERING CONTRACTORS This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in interior or exterior painting orinterior wall covering. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23833 FLOORING CONTRACTORS This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the installation of resilient floor tile,carpeting, linoleum, and hard wood flooring. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 238330 FLOORING CONTRACTORS This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the installation of resilient floor tile, carpeting, linoleum, and hard wood flooring. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23834 TILE AND TERRAZZO CONTRACTORS This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in setting and installing ceramic tile, stone (interior only), and mosaic and/or mixing marble particles and cement to make terrazzo at the job site. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. B–10 Appendix B Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## 238340 TILE AND TERRAZZO CONTRACTORS This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in setting and installing ceramic tile, stone (interior only), and mosaic and/or mixing marble particles and cement to make terrazzo at the job site. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23835 FINISH CARPENTRY CONTRACTORSThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in finish carpentry work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 238350 FINISH CARPENTRY CONTRACTORS This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in finish carpentry work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23839 OTHER BUILDING FINISHING CONTRACTORS This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in building finishing trade work (except drywall, plaster and insulation work; painting and wall covering work; flooring work; tileand terrazzo work; and finish carpentry work). The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. 238390 OTHER BUILDING FINISHING CONTRACTORS This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in building finishing trade work (except drywall, plaster and insulation work; painting and wall covering work; flooring work; tileand terrazzo work; and finish carpentry work). The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. 2389 OTHER SPECIALTY TRADE CONTRACTORS This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in site preparation activities and in specialized trades (except foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors; buildingequipment contractors; building finishing contractors; and site preparation contractors). The specialty trade work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 23891 SITE PREPARATION CONTRACTORS This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in site preparation activities, such as excavating and grading, demolition of buildings and other structures, septic system installation,and house moving. Earth moving and land clearing for all types of sites (e.g., building, nonbuilding, mining) is included in this industry. Establishments primarily engaged in construction equipment rental with operator (except cranes) are also included. 238910 SITE PREPARATION CONTRACTORS This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in site preparation activities, suchas excavating and grading, demolition of buildings and other structures, septic system installation, and house moving. Earth moving and land clearing for all types of sites (e.g., building, nonbuilding, mining) is included in this industry. Establishments primarily engaged in construction equipment rental with operator (except cranes) are also included. 23899 ALL OTHER SPECIALTY TRADE CONTRACTORSThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in specialized trades (except foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors; building equipment contractors; building finishing contractors; and site preparation contractors). The specialty trade work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. Appendix B B–11 Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## 238990 ALL OTHER SPECIALTY TRADE CONTRACTORSThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in specialized trades (except foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors; building equipment contractors; building finishing contractors; and site preparation contractors). The specialty trade work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

B–12 Appendix B Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Appendix C. Methodology

SOURCES OF THE DATA The construction sector includes approximately 650,000 establishments that were detemined to be in-scope of the 2002 Economic Census — Construction. This number includes those industries in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) definition of construction with at least one paid employee in 2002. Establishments in the 2002 Economic Census are divided into those sent report forms and those not sent report forms. The coverage of and the method of obtaining census information from each are described below:

1. Establishments sent a report form: Sample frame establishments. The sample frame consisted of the entire construction universe; there were no subpopulations that were explicitly removed from the sample frame. The sample frame was compiled from a list of all construction companies in the active records of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the Social Security Administration (SSA) that are subject to the payment of Federal Insurance Contributions Act taxes. Under special arrangements, to safeguard their confidentiality, the U.S. Census Bureau obtains information on the location and classification of the companies, as well as their payroll and receipts data from these sources. Unfortunately, these sources do not provide establishment level information for companies with multiple locations. For multilocation companies, the establishment level information isdirectly obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Company Organization Survey. For singlelocation companies, the IRS-SSA information is generally sufficient for assigning the company to a specific six-digit NAICS industry code. The 2002 NAICS structure for the construction sector was significantly revised from the 1997 NAICS structure. Initially, only a small proportion of the establishments in the sample frame could be directly assigned a 2002 NAICS industry code with a high degree of confidence. Therefore, a special classification card was mailed to 150,000 construction establishments in early 2002. The goal of this classification card was to obtain the current NAICS industry code prior to assembly of the sample frame for the economic census — construction sample. 2. Establishments not sent a report form: a. Nonsample frame establishments. There were a limited number of establishments includedin the business register who were completely unclassified at the time of the economic census — construction sampling operation. These establishments were mailed a general classification card in early 2003. A portion of these were ultimately determined to be in-scope of the economic census — construction. Since this determination was not made until after the sample selection operation had been completed; these establishments were treated as a supplement to the original universe and were sampled independently for inclusion in the derived estimates. b. All nonemployers, i.e., all firms subject to federal income tax, with no paid employees, were also excluded from the 2002 sample frame, as in previous censuses. Nonemployers with significant levels of receipts data were identified and included in the census mailoutunder the presumption that the nonemployer status may have been incorrect. Those determined to have employees are included in this report. Data for nonemployers are not included in this report, but are released in the annual Nonemployer Statistics series. The report forms used to collect information for establishments in this sector are available at help.econ.census.gov/econhelp/resources/. Appendix C C–1 Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## A more detailed examination of census methodology is presented in the History of the Economic Census at www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html. INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION OF ESTABLISHMENTS The classifications for all establishments covered in the 2002 Economic Census — Construction are classified in 1 of 31 industries in accordance with the industry definitions in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), United States, 2002 manual. Changes between 1997 and 2002 affecting this sector are discussed in the text at the beginning of this report. Tables at www.census.gov/epcd/naics02/n02ton97.htm identify those industries that changed between the 1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and 2002 NAICS. In the NAICS system, an industry is generally defined as a group of establishments that use similarprocesses or have similar business activities. To the extent practical, the system uses supplybased or production-oriented concepts in defining industries. The resulting group of establishments must be significant in terms of number, value added by construction, value of business done, and number of employees. The coding system works in such a way that the definitions progressively become narrower withsuccessive additions of numerical digits. In the construction sector for 2002, there are 3 subsectors (three-digit NAICS), 10 industry groups (four-digit NAICS), 28 NAICS industries (five-digitNAICS) that are comparable with Canadian and Mexican classification, and 31 U.S. industries (sixdigit NAICS). ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTINGThe 2002 Economic Census — Construction is conducted on an establishment basis. A construction establishment is defined as a relatively permanent office or other place of business where the usual business activities related to construction are conducted. With some exceptions, a relatively permanent office is one that has been established for the management of more than one project or job and that is expected to be maintained on a continuing basis. Such establishment activities include, but are not limited to, estimating, bidding, purchasing, supervising, and operation of theactual construction work being conducted at one or more construction sites. Separate construction reports were not required for each project or construction site. Companies with more than one construction establishment were required to submit a separatereport for each establishment operated during any part of the census year. The construction sector figures represent a tabulation of records for individual establishments, rather than for companies.If an establishment was engaged in construction and one or more distinctly different lines of economic activity at the same place of business, it was requested to file a separate report for each activity, provided that the activity was of substantial size and separate records were maintained. If a separate establishment report could not be prepared for each activity, then a construction report was requested covering all activities of that establishment providing that the value of construction work exceeded the gross receipts from each of its other activities. The 2002 Economic Census — Construction excludes data for central administrative offices (CAOs). These would include separately operated administrative offices, warehouses, garages, and other auxiliary units that service construction establishments of the same company. These data are published in a separate report series. DESCRIPTION OF THE SAMPLE FRAME The major objective of the sample design was to provide a sample that would provide reliable estimates at the state by industry level. For sample efficiency considerations, the establishmentsin the initial 2002 construction frame were partitioned into two components for developing estimates within the sample frame. The details of each are described below:

1. Probability-proportionate-to-size (pps) sample. There were three non-overlapping strata for sample selection. An independent sample was selected within each state by industry cell. The details of each stratum were defined as: C–2 Appendix C Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## • Stratum 1. This stratum was comprised of approximately 12,000 establishments associated with multilocation companies. The establishments of these multiunit companies were included in the construction sample with certainty.• Stratum 2. This stratum was comprised of approximately 145,000 single-location companies that could be classified into a valid 2002 NAICS industry. These cases accounted forapproximately 75 percent of the payroll associated with single-location companies in construction. The industry code for most of these establishments was determined from the special classification card that was mailed in early 2002. This group was partitioned into state by NAICS (six-digit) cells and an independent sample selected from each cell. Within each cell, a probability-proportionate-to-size (pps) sampling strategy was used. Under this approach, the probability of selection for the sample for larger establishments is higher than for smaller establishments. There were approximately 80,000 establishments selected from this group. • Stratum 3. This stratum was comprised of the remaining single-location companies. For

these companies, we did not have an updated 2002 NAICS industry code. The most recent classification information available for these companies was their 1997 NAICS. Using this 1997 NAICS industry code, this stratum was partitioned into state by NAICS (four-digit)cells; and an independent sample selected from each cell. Again, probability-proportionateto-size sampling methodology was utilized. There were approximately 30,000 establishments selected from this group. Subsequent to the initial census mail-out, companies that initiated operations in 2002 were identified via administrative sources. To assure proper representation of the entire in-scope population, simple random samples of these new operations were selected and mailed separately. 2. Estimation and variances. Based on the response data, establishments were assigned to the appropriate NAICS (six-digit) industry. At each level of tabulation, unbiased estimates were derived by summing the weighted establishment data where the establishment sample weight was equal to the inverse of its probability of selection for the construction sample. The resulting estimates were generated from one of many possible samples and are subject tosampling variability. Estimates of this sample variability were independently derived at all levels of aggregation. These sampling variances were then aggregated to the publication levels for the computation of the relative standard errors. RELIABILITY OF DATAThe estimates developed from the sample can differ somewhat from the results of a survey covering all companies in the sample lists, but are otherwise conducted under essentially the same conditions as the actual sample survey. The estimates of the magnitude of the sampling errors (thedifference between the estimates obtained and the results theoretically obtained from a comparable, complete-coverage survey) are provided by the standard errors of estimates. The particular sample selected for the construction sector is one of many similar probability samples that, by chance, might have been selected under the same specifications. Each of thepossible samples would yield somewhat different sets of results, and the standard errors are measures of the variation of all the possible sample estimates around the theoretically, comparable, complete-coverage values. Estimates of the standard errors have been computed from the sample data. They are presented in the form of relative standard errors that are the standard errors divided by the estimated values to which they refer.In conjunction with its associated estimate, the relative standard error may be used to define confidence intervals, or ranges that would include the comparable, complete-coverage value for specified percentages of all the possible samples. The complete-coverage value would be included in the range: Appendix C C–3 Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

## • From one standard error below to one standard error above the derived estimate for about twothirds of all possible samples. • From two standard errors below to two standard errors above the derived estimate for about 19

out of 20 of all possible samples. • From three standard errors below to three standard errors above the derived estimate for nearly

all samples. An inference is that the comparable complete-survey result would fall within the indicated ranges and the relative frequencies shown. Those proportions, therefore, may be interpreted as defining the confidence that the estimates from a particular sample would differ from complete-coverage results by as much as one, two, or three standard errors, respectively. For example, suppose an estimated total is shown at 50,000 with an associated relative standard error of 2 percent, that is, a standard error of 1,000 (2 percent of 50,000). There is approximately 67 percent confidence that the interval 49,000 to 51,000 includes the complete-coverage total, about 95 percent confidence that the interval 48,000 to 52,000 includes the complete-coveragetotal, and almost certain confidence that the interval 47,000 to 53,000 includes the completecoverage total. In addition to the sample errors, the estimates are subject to various response and operational errors: errors of collection; reporting; coding; transcription; imputation for nonresponse, etc. These operational errors also would occur if a complete canvass were to be conducted under thesame conditions as the survey. Explicit measures of their effects generally are not available. However, it is believed that most of the important operational errors were detected and corrected during the U.S. Census Bureau’s review of the data for reasonableness and consistency. The small operational errors usually remain. To some extent, they are compensating in the aggregated totals shown. When important operational errors were detected too late to correct the estimates, the data were suppressed or were specifically qualified in the tables. As derived, the estimated standard errors included part of the effect of the operational errors. Thetotal errors, which depend upon the joint effect of the sampling and operational errors, are usually of the order of size indicated by the standard error, or moderately higher. However, for particular estimates, the total error may considerably exceed the standard errors shown. Any figures shown in the tables of this publication having an associated standard error exceeding 75 percent may be combined with higher level totals, creating a broader aggregate, which then may be of acceptable reliability. DUPLICATION IN VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK The aggregate of value of construction work reported by all construction establishments in each of the industry, geographic area, or other groupings contains varying amounts of duplication. This is because the construction work of one firm may be subcontracted to other construction firms and may also be included in the subcontractors’ value of construction work. Also, part of the value of construction results from the use of products of nonconstruction industries as input materials. These products are counted in the nonconstruction industry, as well as part of the value of construction. Value added avoids this duplication and is, for most purposes, the best measure for comparing the relative economic importance of industries or geographic areas. Value addedfor construction industries is defined as the dollar value of business done less costs for construction work subcontracted to others and payments for materials, components, supplies, and fuels. DISCLOSURE In accordance with federal law governing census reports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or company. However, the number of establishments in a specific industry or geographic area is not considereda disclosure; therefore, this information may be released even though other information is withheld. Techniques employed to limit disclosure are discussed at www.census.gov/epcd/ec02/disclosure.htm. C–4 Appendix C Construction U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Appendix D. Geographic Notes

Not applicable for this report.

Appendix D D–1 2002 Economic Census U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census

# Appendix E. Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas

Not applicable for this report.

Appendix E E–1 2002 Economic Census U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic CensusEC02-23SG-12002 Industry General Summary: 20022002 Economic CensusConstructionSubject SeriesUSCENSUSBUREAU