NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS 

E.D. TABS April 2002

Early Estimates of Public Elementary 

and Secondary Education Statistics: 

School Year 2001–02 

U.S. Department of Education 

Office of Educational Research and Improvement NCES 2002–311 
 NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS

E.D. TABS April 2002 

 Early Estimates of Public Elementary

and Secondary Education Statistics: 

School Year 2001–02 

Lena M. McDowell and Frank Johnson 

Elementary/Secondary Cooperative 

System and Institutional Studies Program 

U.S. Department of Education 

Office of Educational Research and Improvement NCES 2002–311
U.S. Department of Education

Rod Paige 

Secretary

Office of Educational Research and Improvement 

Grover J. Whitehurst 

Assistant Secretary 

National Center for Education Statistics

Gary W. Phillips 

Deputy Commissioner

The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, and 

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Suggested Citation 

U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Early Estimates of Public Elementary and Secondary 

Education Statistics: School Year 2001–2002, NCES 2002–311, by Lena McDowell and Frank Johnson. Washington, DC: 

2002. 

Content Contacts: 

Lena M. McDowell 

(202) 502–7396 

Frank Johnson 

(202) 502-7362 
 iv

Table of Contents

Page

The Early Estimates System ................................................................................1 

Highlights.......................................................................................................2 

Technical Notes ..........................................................................................................................10 

Public School Early Estimates Methodology ......................................................................10 

Accuracy of Estimates .........................................................................................................12 

Definitions ...........................................................................................................................13 

For More Information ..........................................................................................................14 

Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................15 

List of Tables

Table Page

1. Student membership in public elementary and secondary schools, by state, 

for grades prekindergarten through 12: Fall 1997 to fall 2001 ........................................3 

2. Number of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by 

state, for grades prekindergarten through 12: School years 1997–98 

to 2001–02 ........................................................................................................................4 

3. Number of public high school graduates, by state: School years 

1997–98 to 2001–02 .........................................................................................................5 

4. Revenues for public elementary and secondary education, by state, 

for grades prekindergarten through 12: Fiscal years 1998 to 2002 

(School years 1997–98 to 2001–02) .................................................................................6 

5. Current expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, 

by state, for grades prekindergarten through 12: Fiscal years 1998 

to 2002 (School years 1997–98 to 2001–02) ...................................................................7 
 v

Table Page

6. Reported student membership and number of teachers, and estimates of 

revenues, expenditures, and pupil/teacher ratio, for public elementary and 

secondary schools, by state, for grades prekindergarten through 12: 

School year 2000–01/Fiscal year 2001 .............................................................................8 

7. Estimated student membership, number of teachers, revenues, expenditures, 

and pupil/teacher ratio, for public elementary and secondary schools, 

by state, for grades prekindergarten through 12: School year 2001–02/ 

Fiscal year 2002 ................................................................................................................9 
 1

The Early Estimates System

The early estimates system is designed to allow the National Center for Education 

Statistics (NCES) to publish selected key statistics during the school year in which they are 

reported. Early estimates are part of the Common Core of Data (CCD) survey system, which 

annually collects statistical information from state education agencies about the public schools 

and local education agencies. For CCD surveys other than the early estimates, data collection 

begins in the spring and data are not published until the spring of the following school year. In 

contrast, the estimates in this report were reported by December 2001. 

2001–02 Early Estimates – In mid-October 2001, survey forms were sent to each state education 

agency. States were asked to complete the form and return it by e-mail or facsimile (fax). States 

that had not responded by mid-November were contacted by telephone. All data were checked 

for reasonableness against prior years’ reports, and follow-up calls were made to resolve any 

questions. When states did not supply a data item, NCES imputed a value. These values are 

footnoted in the tables. If one or more states required an imputed number, then the national total 

for that item is marked as imputed. Any state early estimate that indicated a change of greater 

than 10 percentage points more or less than the national growth rate was replaced with an 

adjusted early estimate. That is, the estimate was calculated using the same method as that 

employed to impute missing data. 

 Forty-eight states, the District of Columbia, and two outlying areas participated in the 

2001–02 “Early Estimates of Public Elementary/Secondary Education Survey.” The estimates 

reported here were provided by state education agencies and represent the best information on 

public elementary and secondary schools available to states at this stage of the school year. They 

are, however, subject to revision. All estimates for the two nonreporting states and the three 

outlying areas were calculated by NCES. (Arizona, California, Guam, Northern Marianas, and 

Puerto Rico did not return the completed survey form.) NCES also estimated missing data items 

for a number of reporting states. 

 The tables in this publication include three kinds of data: reported, preliminary, and 

estimated. Reported data are previously published figures. Preliminary data have not been 

published previously by NCES; for these, data collection is complete, and processing and data 

adjustments are through all but the final stage of review. For example, FY 1999 data in this 

report have been revised since their initial publication, but the revised file has not yet been 

published. Estimated data are those for the current school year (2001–02). 

 Estimated data for the current school year are of three types: estimates derived by the 

states for NCES (most of the data are of this type); early actual counts reported by individual 

states; and imputed or adjusted estimates developed by NCES using a combination of 

state-specific and national data. For more information, see the Technical Notes section of this 

report.
 2

Highlights 

 The estimates in this report are key statistics for public elementary and secondary schools 

reported during the 2001–02 school year 1/. They include the number of students in membership, 

teachers, high school graduates and total revenues and expenditures. Highlights of statistics for 

school years 2000–01 through 2001–02 include the following: 

• There were approximately 47.6 million prekindergarten through grade 12 students in the 

nation’s public elementary and secondary schools in fall 2001, compared with 47.2

million in fall 2000. Student membership has increased by 1.45 million since fall 1997 

(table 1). 

• Public school students were taught by an estimated 3.0 million teachers in school year 

2001–02 (table 2). 

• The student membership and teacher count data show a pupil/teacher ratio of 15.9 for 

grades prekindergarten through 12 for public schools in school year 2001–02 (table 7). 

• Just under 2.6 million public school students graduated from high school in the 2000–01 

school year. In the 2001–02 school year, more than 2.6 million students are expected to 

graduate from high school, about 41,000 more than in the previous year (table 3). 

• Revenues for public elementary and secondary education in FY 2001 are estimated to be 

$386.5 billion, and they are expected to rise to approximately $405.8 billion in FY 2002 

(table 4). 

• Current expenditures for public elementary and secondary education for FY 2002 are 

estimated to be $358.0 billion, an increase of 5.9 percent over the FY 2001 estimate of 

$338.0 billion (table 5). The per pupil expenditure is anticipated to be $7,524 per 

student in membership for the 2001–02 school year (table 7).

1/ This report replaces the version that was online from May 11, 2002 to June 26, 2002. Changes occurred in the 

table footnotes, and revenue (2 states) and expenditures (1 state) data on tables 4 and 5. 
Table 1.—Student membership in public elementary and secondary schools, by state, for grades prekindergarten through 12:

 Fall 1997 to Fall 2001

 Reported Reported Reported Reported Estimated

State fall 1997 fall 1998 fall 1999 fall 2000 fall 2001

 United States 46,126,897 1/ 46,538,585 1/ 46,857,149 1/ 47,222,778 1/ 47,575,862 2/

Alabama 749,207 1/ 747,980 1/ 740,732 1/ 740,176 1/ 726,367 3/

Alaska 132,123 135,373 134,391 133,356 134,023

Arizona 814,113 848,262 852,612 877,696 903,518 2/

Arkansas 456,497 452,256 451,034 449,959 448,246 3/

California 5,803,887 1/ 5,926,037 1/ 6,038,590 1/ 6,142,348 1/ 6,247,889 2/

Colorado 687,167 699,135 708,109 724,508 742,065 3/

Connecticut 535,164 544,698 553,993 562,179 570,145 3/

Delaware 111,960 113,262 112,836 114,676 115,486 3/

District of Columbia 77,111 71,889 77,194 68,925 68,449 3/

Florida 2,294,077 2,337,633 2,381,396 2,434,821 2,500,161 3/

Georgia 1,375,980 1,401,291 1,422,762 1,444,937 1,470,634 3/

Hawaii 189,887 188,069 185,860 184,360 184,546 3/

Idaho 244,403 244,722 245,136 245,117 246,000

Illinois 1,998,289 2,011,530 2,027,600 2,048,792 2,068,182

Indiana 986,836 989,001 988,702 989,225 994,545

Iowa 501,054 498,214 497,301 495,080 491,169

Kansas 468,687 472,353 472,188 470,610 468,140 3/

Kentucky 669,322 655,687 648,180 665,850 630,461

Louisiana 776,813 768,734 756,579 743,089 731,474 3/

Maine 212,579 211,051 209,253 207,037 211,461 3/

Maryland 830,744 841,671 846,582 852,920 860,890 3/

Massachusetts 949,006 962,317 971,425 975,150 979,593

Michigan 1,702,717 1,720,287 1/ 1,725,639 1/ 1,743,337 1/ 1,733,900

Minnesota 853,621 856,455 854,034 854,340 845,700

Mississippi 504,792 502,379 500,716 497,871 491,686

Missouri 910,613 913,494 914,110 912,744 892,582

Montana 162,335 159,988 157,556 154,875 151,970 3/

Nebraska 292,681 291,140 288,261 286,199 285,022 3/

Nevada 296,621 311,061 325,610 340,706 356,038

New Hampshire 201,629 204,713 206,783 208,461 211,429

New Jersey 1,250,276 1,268,996 1,289,256 1,307,828 1,380,502

New Mexico 331,673 328,753 324,495 320,306 316,143

New York 2,861,823 2,877,143 2,887,776 2,882,188 2,920,000

North Carolina 1,236,083 1,254,821 1,275,925 1,293,638 1,303,928 3/

North Dakota 118,572 114,927 112,751 109,201 106,047 3/

Ohio 1,847,114 1,842,163 1,836,554 1,835,049 1,808,000

Oklahoma 623,681 628,492 627,032 623,110 620,404

Oregon 541,346 542,809 545,033 546,231 552,144 3/

Pennsylvania 1,815,151 1,816,414 1,816,716 1,814,311 1,810,390

Rhode Island 153,321 154,785 156,454 157,347 157,599 3/

South Carolina 659,273 1/ 664,600 1/ 666,780 677,411 648,000

South Dakota 142,443 132,495 131,037 128,603 126,560 3/

Tennessee 893,044 1/ 905,454 1/ 916,202 1/ 909,388 1/ 938,162

Texas 3,891,877 3,945,367 3,991,783 4,059,619 4,128,429

Utah 482,957 481,176 480,255 481,687 477,801 3/

Vermont 105,984 105,120 104,559 102,049 99,599 2/

Virginia 1,110,815 1,124,022 1,133,994 1,144,915 1,162,780 3/

Washington 991,235 998,053 1,003,714 1,004,770 1,009,626 3/

West Virginia 301,419 297,530 291,811 286,367 281,400 3/

Wisconsin 881,780 879,542 877,753 879,476 878,809 3/

Wyoming 97,115 95,241 92,105 89,940 87,768 3/

 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 Outlying Areas

American Samoa 15,214 15,372 15,477 15,702 15,897 3/

Guam 32,444 32,222 32,951 32,473 32,002 2/

Northern Marianas 9,246 9,498 9,732 10,004 10,284 2/

Puerto Rico 617,157 613,862 613,019 612,725 612,431 2/

Virgin Islands 22,136 20,976 20,866 19,459 18,148

1/ Prekindergarten students were imputed by NCES, thereby increasing total student count.

2/ Data imputed by NCES based on previous year's data.

3/ Actual count reported by state.

NOTE: All school year (SY) 2001-02 data are state estimates, except where noted. Estimates were reported 

 by December 2001. Some data may have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of

 Data (CCD): "Early Estimates of Public Elementary/Secondary Education Survey," 2001–02, and

 "State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education," 1997–98 through 2000–01.

3
Table 2.—Number of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by state, for grades prekindergarten through 12:

 School years 1997–98 to 2001–02

 Reported Reported Reported Reported Estimated

State SY 1997–98 SY 1998–99 SY 1999–2000 SY 2000–01 SY 2001–02

 United States 2,746,157 1/ 2,830,286 1/ 2,910,633 1/ 2,952,991 1/ 2,988,379 2/

Alabama 45,967 1/ 47,766 1/ 48,624 1/ 48,199 1/ 47,201 3/

Alaska 7,625 8,118 7,838 7,880 8,025

Arizona 41,129 42,352 43,892 44,438 45,959 2/

Arkansas 26,931 1/ 27,953 31,362 31,947 31,097 3/

California 268,535 1/ 281,784 1/ 287,433 1/ 298,064 1/ 304,598 2/

Colorado 37,840 39,434 40,772 41,983 43,282

Connecticut 37,658 38,772 39,907 41,044 41,263 3/

Delaware 6,850 7,074 7,318 7,471 7,511 3/

District of Columbia 4,388 5,187 4,812 1/ 4,949 5,235 3/

Florida 124,473 126,796 130,336 132,030 135,866 3/

Georgia 86,244 88,658 90,638 91,044 97,563

Hawaii 10,653 10,639 10,866 10,927 10,943

Idaho 13,207 13,426 13,641 13,714 13,800

Illinois 118,734 121,758 124,815 127,620 125,130 3/

Indiana 57,371 58,084 58,864 59,226 59,832

Iowa 32,700 32,822 33,480 34,636 34,702

Kansas 31,527 32,003 32,969 32,742 32,519 3/

Kentucky 40,488 40,803 41,954 39,589 40,374

Louisiana 48,599 49,124 50,031 49,916 49,915

Maine 15,700 15,890 16,349 16,559 17,040

Maryland 48,318 49,840 50,995 52,433 54,360

Massachusetts 67,170 69,752 77,596 67,432 69,000

Michigan 90,529 93,220 96,094 97,031 96,900

Minnesota 51,998 54,449 56,010 53,457 53,450

Mississippi 29,441 31,140 30,722 31,006 32,757

Missouri 60,889 62,449 63,890 64,739 64,000

Montana 10,228 10,221 10,353 10,411 10,212

Nebraska 20,065 20,310 20,766 20,983 21,004

Nevada 16,053 16,415 17,380 18,294 19,255

New Hampshire 12,931 13,290 14,037 14,341 13,990

New Jersey 89,671 92,264 95,883 99,718 105,750 2/

New Mexico 19,647 19,981 19,797 21,043 20,000

New York 190,874 197,253 202,078 206,961 215,500

North Carolina 77,785 79,531 81,914 83,680 83,526

North Dakota 8,070 7,974 8,150 8,141 8,503 3/

Ohio 110,761 113,984 116,200 118,361 118,000

Oklahoma 40,215 40,876 41,498 41,318 41,452

Oregon 26,935 27,152 27,803 28,094 30,895

Pennsylvania 108,014 111,065 114,525 116,963 116,900

Rhode Island 10,598 11,124 11,041 10,646 10,455 3/

South Carolina 42,336 43,689 45,468 45,380 46,000 3/

South Dakota 9,282 9,273 9,384 9,397 9,089

Tennessee 54,142 59,258 60,702 61,233 58,059

Texas 254,557 259,739 267,935 274,826 281,427

Utah 21,115 21,501 21,832 22,008 21,900

Vermont 7,909 8,221 8,474 8,414 8,250 2/

Virginia 77,575 1/ 79,323 1/ 85,037 1/ 91,560 1/ 87,823

Washington 49,074 49,671 50,368 51,098 51,584 2/

West Virginia 20,947 20,989 21,082 20,930 19,970

Wisconsin 55,732 61,176 60,778 62,332 59,783

Wyoming 6,677 6,713 6,940 6,783 6,730

 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 Outlying Areas

American Samoa 762 764 801 820 834 4/

Guam 1,363 1,052 1,809 1,975 1,955 2/

Northern Marianas 483 496 488 526 543 2/

Puerto Rico 38,953 39,849 41,349 37,620 37,777 2/

Virgin Islands 1,559 1,567 1,528 1,511 1,418

1/ Prekindergarten teachers were imputed by NCES, thereby increasing total teacher count.

2/ Data imputed by NCES based on previous year's data. 

3/ Actual count reported by state.

4/ Early estimate number reported by state, adjusted by NCES.

NOTE: All SY 2001–02 data are state estimates, except where noted. Estimates were reported 

 by December 2001. Some data may have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, CCD:

 "Early Estimates of Public Elementary/Secondary Education Survey," 2001–02, and

 "State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education," 1997–98 through 2000–01.

4
Table 3.—Number of public high school graduates, by state: School years 1997–98 to 2001–02

 Reported Reported Reported Estimated Estimated 

State SY 1997–98 SY 1998–99 SY 1999–2000 SY 2000–01 SY 2001–02

 United States 2,440,048 2,485,630 2,546,102 2,567,991 1/ 2,608,736 1/

Alabama 38,089 36,244 37,819 37,942 2/ 38,213

Alaska 6,462 6,810 6,615 6,812 2/ 6,835

Arizona 36,361 35,728 38,304 39,468 1/ 40,974 1/

Arkansas 26,855 26,896 27,335 27,100 27,031

California 282,897 299,221 309,866 315,488 1/ 323,631 1/

Colorado 35,794 36,958 38,924 39,275 2/ 36,113

Connecticut 27,885 28,284 31,562 30,474 32,067

Delaware 6,439 6,484 6,108 6,213 3/ 6,478

District of Columbia 2,777 2,675 2,695 2,808 2/ 2,730

Florida 98,498 102,386 106,708 106,407 2/ 112,850

Georgia 58,525 59,227 62,563 69,215 70,599

Hawaii 9,670 9,714 10,437 10,102 2/ 10,360

Idaho 15,523 15,716 16,170 15,941 16,000

Illinois 114,611 112,556 111,835 110,624 2/ 108,968

Indiana 58,899 58,964 57,023 56,000 55,823

Iowa 34,189 34,378 33,926 33,774 2/ 33,592

Kansas 27,856 28,685 29,102 29,360 2/ 29,899

Kentucky 37,270 37,048 36,830 36,957 2/ 35,573

Louisiana 38,030 37,802 38,430 38,184 37,987

Maine 12,171 11,988 12,148 12,031 3/ 12,392 3/

Maryland 44,555 46,214 47,849 49,569 2/ 51,250

Massachusetts 50,452 51,465 52,950 53,558 2/ 56,000

Michigan 92,732 94,125 89,986 96,800 101,300

Minnesota 54,628 56,964 57,372 56,605 2/ 56,100

Mississippi 24,502 24,198 24,232 23,740 23,644 3/

Missouri 52,095 52,531 52,848 54,014 2/ 53,670

Montana 10,656 10,925 10,903 10,628 2/ 10,592

Nebraska 19,719 20,550 20,149 19,187 2/ 20,128

Nevada 13,052 13,892 14,551 15,127 2/ 15,840

New Hampshire 10,843 11,251 11,829 12,188 12,762

New Jersey 65,106 67,410 74,423 74,420 76,653

New Mexico 16,529 17,317 18,031 18,245 2/ 18,233

New York 139,529 139,426 141,731 142,000 142,750

North Carolina 59,292 60,081 62,140 63,014 2/ 65,574

North Dakota 8,170 8,388 8,606 8,445 2/ 8,062

Ohio 111,211 111,112 111,668 110,200 2/ 114,800

Oklahoma 35,213 36,556 37,646 37,044 37,196 1/

Oregon 27,754 28,245 30,151 29,939 2/ 30,400

Pennsylvania 110,919 112,632 113,959 114,850 114,350

Rhode Island 8,074 8,179 8,477 8,617 2/ 8,704 3/

South Carolina 31,373 31,495 31,617 31,617 2/ 32,488

South Dakota 9,140 8,757 9,278 8,859 2/ 8,772

Tennessee 39,866 40,823 41,568 41,568 2/ 42,151

Texas 197,186 203,393 212,925 217,242 219,848

Utah 31,567 31,574 32,501 31,042 2/ 30,576

Vermont 6,469 6,521 6,675 6,658 2/ 6,553 1/

Virginia 62,738 63,875 65,596 66,067 2/ 67,208

Washington 53,679 55,418 57,597 57,965 2/ 58,289

West Virginia 20,164 19,889 19,437 18,386 2/ 17,392

Wisconsin 57,607 58,312 58,545 60,158 63,366

Wyoming 6,427 6,348 6,462 6,063 2/ 5,970

 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 Outlying Areas

American Samoa 665 725 698 724 2/ 739 3/

Guam 923 1,326 1,406 1,387 1/ 1,378 1/

Northern Marianas 374 341 360 370 1/ 384 1/

Puerto Rico 29,881 30,479 30,856 30,870 1/ 31,117 1/

Virgin Islands 1,069 951 1,060 1,060 2/ 997 1/

1/ Data imputed by NCES based on previous year's data.

2/ Actual count reported by state.

3/ Early estimate number reported by state, adjusted by NCES.

NOTE: All SY 2000–01 and SY 2001–02 data are state estimates, except where noted. Estimates were 

 reported by December 2001. Some data may have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data:

 "Early Estimates of Public Elementary/Secondary Education Survey," 2001–02, and

 "State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education," 1997–98 through 2000–01.

5
Table 4.—Revenues for public elementary and secondary education, by state, for grades prekindergarten through 12:

 Fiscal years 1998 to 2002 (school years 1997–98 to 2001–02)

 (In thousands of dollars)

Reported Preliminary Reported Estimated Estimated 

State FY 1998 FY 1999 FY 2000 FY 2001 FY 2002 

 United States $325,925,708 1/ $347,377,993 1/ $372,864,603 1/ $386,492,548 2/ $405,796,406 2/

Alabama 4,146,629 4,469,278 4,832,135 4,967,462 3/ 5,079,632 3/

Alaska 1,218,425 1,290,358 1,359,764 1,372,015 1,413,175

Arizona 4,731,675 5,079,075 5,503,272 5,828,211 2/ 6,251,791 2/

Arkansas 2,600,655 2,610,267 2,730,722 2,802,611 3/ 2,758,954

California 38,142,613 40,002,760 45,058,305 47,151,481 2/ 49,977,065 2/

Colorado 4,327,326 4,714,756 5,044,275 5,078,133 4/ 5,281,259

Connecticut 5,159,304 1/ 5,607,013 1/ 6,065,481 1/ 6,354,000 6,740,000

Delaware 913,616 959,482 1,072,494 1,112,730 1,133,698

District of Columbia 706,935 760,592 875,619 804,322 3/ 832,333 2/

Florida 14,988,118 16,460,206 16,946,014 17,930,915 18,712,703

Georgia 9,041,434 10,263,338 11,076,955 11,363,565 4/ 12,731,021

Hawaii 1,282,702 1,328,572 1,404,897 1,425,970 1,447,360

Idaho 1,320,647 1,420,902 1,472,070 1,569,700 1,663,600

Illinois 14,149,155 15,338,740 16,590,948 15,860,257 16,683,134 2/

Indiana 7,513,407 7,980,582 8,427,757 8,605,000 9,038,000

Iowa 3,346,481 3,516,165 3,714,861 3,856,000 3,905,200

Kansas 3,122,238 3,282,779 3,408,634 3,555,205 3,679,413

Kentucky 3,932,068 4,210,793 4,330,619 4,576,699 3/ 4,515,550 3/

Louisiana 4,493,189 1/ 4,697,638 1/ 4,907,761 1/ 5,053,319 5,179,651

Maine 1,600,635 1,703,252 1,811,965 1,930,724 2,057,379

Maryland 6,454,696 6,806,086 7,242,344 7,506,544 3/ 7,895,069 2/

Massachusetts 7,893,657 8,590,351 9,260,130 9,159,732 10,243,798

Michigan 14,329,715 14,678,359 15,385,152 15,891,323 16,414,148

Minnesota 6,529,420 6,785,487 7,188,407 7,397,923 2/ 7,630,833 2/

Mississippi 2,407,954 2,544,561 2,778,506 2,681,802 2,779,365

Missouri 6,005,256 6,265,697 6,665,304 6,895,000 7,170,800

Montana 1,029,939 1,047,338 1,101,615 1,138,000 1,160,000

Nebraska 1,964,205 2,168,308 2,216,656 2,343,892 2,474,915

Nevada 1,910,794 2,094,467 2,262,002 2,442,962 2,638,399

New Hampshire 1,364,943 1,441,115 1,559,653 1,731,038 1,833,827

New Jersey 13,189,983 14,184,605 14,882,015 16,296,157 4/ 16,785,042

New Mexico 1,952,452 2,098,648 2,240,777 2,242,468 2,445,050

New York 27,782,468 29,874,220 32,403,066 33,873,400 35,504,200

North Carolina 7,188,615 8,137,116 8,797,269 8,314,459 8,730,181

North Dakota 682,419 709,427 749,936 815,806 4/ 839,420

Ohio 13,458,095 14,399,472 15,231,086 15,656,563 3/ 16,073,991 3/

Oklahoma 3,416,296 3,652,130 3,705,393 3,880,168 4/ 4,025,659 2/

Oregon 3,883,939 4,047,900 4,333,956 4,485,000 4,775,000

Pennsylvania 14,837,945 15,525,301 16,224,853 17,111,000 18,045,000

Rhode Island 1,264,156 1,319,597 1,448,205 1,589,405 1,658,847 2/

South Carolina 4,055,072 4,398,145 4,917,485 4,609,016 4,825,639

South Dakota 794,256 829,028 865,041 906,620 929,709 2/

Tennessee 4,815,833 5,089,341 5,378,527 5,415,517 4/ 5,821,637 2/

Texas 24,179,060 25,647,339 28,657,019 30,860,057 32,335,661

Utah 2,305,397 2,449,890 2,579,092 2,661,224 3/ 2,750,680 3/

Vermont 861,643 908,146 966,128 1,017,872 1,102,457

Virginia 7,755,814 1/ 8,358,035 1/ 8,749,757 9,088,246 2/ 9,617,914 2/

Washington 6,895,693 7,212,175 7,573,768 7,799,922 3/ 8,166,964 3/

West Virginia 2,216,984 2,229,692 2,294,744 2,359,887 2,496,000

Wisconsin 7,059,759 7,409,485 7,785,586 8,323,126 8,739,282

Wyoming 702,001 779,985 786,582 800,100 806,000

 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 Outlying Areas

American Samoa 49,677 57,667 58,640 2/ 57,680 61,357

Guam 173,339 2/ 177,963 2/ 189,033 2/ 191,652 2/ 196,808 2/

Northern Marianas 58,239 53,720 53,895 56,995 2/ 61,050 2/

Puerto Rico 2,094,025 2,121,183 2,222,824 2/ 2,285,696 2/ 2,380,601 2/

Virgin Islands 152,499 160,253 150,060 143,968 2/ 139,911 2/

1/ Revenues from student activities were imputed by NCES thereby increasing the total revenue amount. 

2/ Data imputed by NCES based on previous year's data.

3/ Early estimate number reported by state, adjusted by NCES.

4/ Actual amount reported by state.

NOTE: All FY 2001 and FY 2002 data are state estimates, except where noted. Data not adjusted 

 for inflation (i.e., current dollars). Estimates were reported by December 2001. Detail may not add to totals 

 because of rounding. Some data may have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data:

 "Early Estimates of Public Elementary/Secondary Education Survey," 2001–02, and

 "National Public Education Financial Survey," 1997 through 2000.

6
Table 5.—Current expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by state, for grades prekindergarten through 12:

 Fiscal years 1998 to 2002 (school years 1997–98 to 2001–02)

 (In thousands of dollars)

Reported Preliminary Reported Estimated Estimated 

State FY 1998 FY 1999 FY 2000 FY 2001 FY 2002 

 United States $285,485,370 1/ $302,876,294 1/ $323,808,909 1/ $337,905,996 2/ $357,955,487 2/

Alabama 3,633,159 3,880,188 4,176,082 4,324,701 4,312,295

Alaska 1,092,750 1,137,610 1,183,499 1,226,966 1,263,775

Arizona 3,740,889 3,963,455 4,262,182 1/ 4,545,678 2/ 4,919,844 2/

Arkansas 2,149,237 2,241,244 2,380,331 2,456,316 3/ 2,583,877

California 32,759,492 34,379,878 38,129,479 40,182,200 2/ 42,972,693 2/

Colorado 3,886,872 4,140,699 4,400,888 4,455,519 3/ 4,633,739

Connecticut 4,763,653 1/ 5,075,580 1/ 5,402,867 1/ 5,653,000 5,996,000

Delaware 830,731 872,786 937,630 987,257 4/ 1,110,044

District of Columbia 647,202 693,712 1/ 780,192 721,720 2/ 753,562 2/

Florida 12,737,325 13,534,374 13,885,988 14,778,013 15,581,937

Georgia 7,770,241 8,537,177 9,158,624 9,879,601 3/ 11,225,320

Hawaii 1,112,351 1,143,713 1,213,695 1,231,901 1,250,379

Idaho 1,153,778 1,239,755 1,302,817 1,349,658 4/ 1,424,116 4/

Illinois 12,473,064 13,602,965 14,462,773 14,805,221 4/ 15,713,240 2/

Indiana 6,234,563 6,697,468 7,110,930 7,538,000 7,990,000

Iowa 3,005,421 3,110,585 3,264,336 3,388,200 3,500,200

Kansas 2,684,244 2,841,147 2,971,814 3,108,511 3,232,852

Kentucky 3,489,205 3,696,331 3,837,794 4,084,477 4/ 4,066,102 4/

Louisiana 4,029,139 1/ 4,264,981 1/ 4,391,214 1/ 4,474,378 4,586,237

Maine 1,433,175 1,510,024 1,604,438 1,619,250 1,725,472

Maryland 5,843,685 6,165,934 6,545,135 6,365,470 6,755,070 2/

Massachusetts 7,381,784 7,948,502 8,511,065 8,851,564 4/ 9,681,713

Michigan 12,003,818 12,785,480 13,994,294 14,454,706 14,930,266

Minnesota 5,452,571 5,836,186 6,140,442 6,363,986 2/ 6,623,305 2/

Mississippi 2,164,592 2,293,188 2,510,376 2,512,289 2,573,778

Missouri 5,067,720 5,348,366 5,655,531 5,642,000 5,867,680

Montana 929,197 955,695 994,770 1,055,000 1,076,000

Nebraska 1,743,775 1,821,310 1,926,500 2,037,081 2,150,954

Nevada 1,570,576 1,738,009 1,875,467 2,023,816 2,183,900

New Hampshire 1,241,255 1,316,946 1,418,503 1,585,994 1,675,871

New Jersey 12,056,560 12,874,579 13,327,645 12,861,908 3/ 13,247,765

New Mexico 1,659,891 1,788,382 1,890,274 2,045,976 2,242,287

New York 25,332,735 26,885,444 28,433,240 29,400,799 4/ 31,316,964 4/

North Carolina 6,497,648 7,097,882 7,713,293 8,168,635 8,577,066

North Dakota 599,443 625,428 638,946 641,127 4/ 654,600 4/

Ohio 11,448,722 12,138,937 12,974,575 13,695,000 15,020,000

Oklahoma 3,138,690 3,332,697 3,382,581 3,665,134 3/ 3,836,716 2/

Oregon 3,474,714 3,706,044 3,896,287 4,324,000 4,572,000

Pennsylvania 13,084,859 13,532,211 14,120,112 14,890,000 15,701,000

Rhode Island 1,215,595 1,283,859 1,393,143 1,528,974 1,610,108 2/

South Carolina 3,507,017 3,759,042 4,087,355 4,442,955 4,651,774

South Dakota 665,082 696,785 737,998 787,920 3/ 815,244 2/

Tennessee 4,409,338 4,638,924 4,931,734 4,731,075 3/ 5,131,548 2/

Texas 21,188,676 22,430,153 25,098,703 26,793,070 28,208,002

Utah 1,916,688 2,025,714 2,102,655 2,184,917 4/ 2,278,647 4/

Vermont 749,786 792,664 870,198 915,674 975,884

Virginia 6,736,863 1/ 7,137,419 1/ 7,757,598 1/ 8,114,537 2/ 8,664,590 2/

Washington 5,987,060 6,098,008 6,399,883 1/ 6,736,687 3/ 7,305,880

West Virginia 1,905,940 1,986,562 2,086,937 2,323,099 3/ 2,460,000

Wisconsin 6,280,696 6,620,653 6,852,178 7,243,038 3/ 7,605,190

Wyoming 603,901 651,622 683,918 709,000 720,000

 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 Outlying Areas

American Samoa 33,088 35,092 42,395 44,561 4/ 47,432 2/

Guam 168,716 2/ 181,815 2/ 194,156 2/ 198,234 2/ 205,396 2/

Northern Marianas 56,514 50,450 49,832 53,071 2/ 57,357 2/

Puerto Rico 1,981,603 2,024,499 2,086,414 2,160,559 2/ 2,270,481 2/

Virgin Islands 131,315 146,474 135,174 130,601 2/ 128,061 2/

1/ Expenditures for enterprise operations were imputed by NCES, thereby increasing the total current expenditure amount.

2/ Data imputed by NCES based on previous year's data. 

3/ Actual amount reported by state.

4/ Early estimate number reported by state, adjusted by NCES.

NOTE: All FY 2001 and FY 2002 data are state estimates, except where noted. 

 Data not adjusted for inflation (i.e., current dollars). Estimates were reported by December 2001.

 Detail may not add to totals because of rounding.

 Some data may have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data:

 "Early Estimates of Public Elementary/Secondary Education Survey," 2001–02, and

 "National Public Education Financial Survey," fiscal years 1997 through 2000.

7
Table 6.—Reported student membership and number of teachers, and estimates of revenues, expenditures, and pupil/teacher ratio,

 for public elementary and secondary schools, by state, for grades prekindergarten through 12: School year 

 2000–01/Fiscal year 2001

 Pupil/ Per

 Student Number of Revenues Expenditures teacher pupil Per pupil 

State membership teachers (in thousands) (in thousands) ratio revenue expenditure 

 United States 47,222,778 2/ 2,952,991 2/ $386,492,548 1/ $337,905,996 1/ 16.0 $8,184 $7,156

 

Alabama 740,176 2/ 48,199 2/ 4,967,462 3/ 4,324,701 15.4 6,711 5,843

Alaska 133,356 7,880 1,372,015 1,226,966 16.9 10,288 9,201

Arizona 877,696 44,438 5,828,211 1/ 4,545,678 1/ 19.8 6,640 5,179

Arkansas 449,959 31,947 2,802,611 4/ 2,456,316 4/ 14.1 6,229 5,459

California 6,142,348 2/ 298,064 2/ 47,151,481 1/ 40,182,200 1/ 20.6 7,676 6,542

Colorado 724,508 41,983 5,078,133 4/ 4,455,519 4/ 17.3 7,009 6,150

Connecticut 562,179 41,044 6,354,000 5,653,000 13.7 11,302 10,056

Delaware 114,676 7,471 1,112,730 987,257 3/ 15.3 9,703 8,609

District of Columbia 68,925 4,949 804,322 721,720 1/ 13.9 11,670 10,471

Florida 2,434,821 132,030 17,930,915 14,778,013 18.4 7,364 6,069

Georgia 1,444,937 91,044 11,363,565 4/ 9,879,601 4/ 15.9 7,864 6,837

Hawaii 184,360 10,927 1,425,970 1,231,901 16.9 7,735 6,682

Idaho 245,117 13,714 1,569,700 1,349,658 3/ 17.9 6,404 5,506

Illinois 2,048,792 127,620 15,860,257 14,805,221 3/ 16.1 7,741 7,226

Indiana 989,225 59,226 8,605,000 7,538,000 16.7 8,699 7,620

Iowa 495,080 34,636 3,856,000 3,388,200 14.3 7,789 6,844

Kansas 470,610 32,742 3,555,205 3,108,511 14.4 7,554 6,605

Kentucky 665,850 39,589 4,576,699 3/ 4,084,477 3/ 16.8 6,873 6,134

Louisiana 743,089 49,916 5,053,319 4,474,378 14.9 6,800 6,021

Maine 207,037 16,559 1,930,724 1,619,250 12.5 9,325 7,821

Maryland 852,920 52,433 7,506,544 3/ 6,365,470 16.3 8,801 7,463

Massachusetts 975,150 67,432 9,159,732 8,851,564 14.5 9,393 9,077

Michigan 1,743,337 2/ 97,031 15,891,323 14,454,706 18.0 9,115 8,291

Minnesota 854,340 53,457 7,397,923 1/ 6,363,986 1/ 16.0 8,659 7,449

Mississippi 497,871 31,006 2,681,802 2,512,289 16.1 5,387 5,046

Missouri 912,744 64,739 6,895,000 5,642,000 14.1 7,554 6,181

Montana 154,875 10,411 1,138,000 1,055,000 14.9 7,348 6,812

Nebraska 286,199 20,983 2,343,892 2,037,081 13.6 8,190 7,118

Nevada 340,706 18,294 2,442,962 2,023,816 18.6 7,170 5,940

New Hampshire 208,461 14,341 1,731,038 1,585,994 14.5 8,304 7,608

New Jersey 1,307,828 99,718 16,296,157 4/ 12,861,908 4/ 13.1 12,460 9,835

New Mexico 320,306 21,043 2,242,468 2,045,976 15.2 7,001 6,388

New York 2,882,188 206,961 33,873,400 29,400,799 3/ 13.9 11,753 10,201

North Carolina 1,293,638 83,680 8,314,459 8,168,635 15.5 6,427 6,314

North Dakota 109,201 8,141 815,806 4/ 641,127 3/ 13.4 7,471 5,871

Ohio 1,835,049 118,361 15,656,563 3/ 13,695,000 15.5 8,532 7,463

Oklahoma 623,110 41,318 3,880,168 4/ 3,665,134 4/ 15.1 6,227 5,882

Oregon 546,231 28,094 4,485,000 4,324,000 19.4 8,211 7,916

Pennsylvania 1,814,311 116,963 17,111,000 14,890,000 15.5 9,431 8,207

Rhode Island 157,347 10,646 1,589,405 1,528,974 14.8 10,101 9,717

South Carolina 677,411 45,380 4,609,016 4,442,955 14.9 6,804 6,559

South Dakota 128,603 9,397 906,620 787,920 4/ 13.7 7,050 6,127

Tennessee 909,388 2/ 61,233 5,415,517 4/ 4,731,075 4/ 14.9 5,955 5,202

Texas 4,059,619 274,826 30,860,057 26,793,070 14.8 7,602 6,600

Utah 481,687 22,008 2,661,224 3/ 2,184,917 3/ 21.9 5,525 4,536

Vermont 102,049 8,414 1,017,872 915,674 12.1 9,974 8,973

Virginia 1,144,915 91,560 2/ 9,088,246 1/ 8,114,537 1/ 12.5 7,938 7,087

Washington 1,004,770 51,098 7,799,922 3/ 6,736,687 4/ 19.7 7,763 6,705

West Virginia 286,367 20,930 2,359,887 2,323,099 4/ 13.7 8,241 8,112

Wisconsin 879,476 62,332 8,323,126 7,243,038 4/ 14.1 9,464 8,236

Wyoming 89,940 6,783 800,100 709,000 13.3 8,896 7,883

 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 Outlying Areas 

American Samoa 15,702 820 57,680 44,561 4/ 19.1 3,673 2,838

Guam 32,473 1,975 191,652 1/ 198,234 1/ 16.4 5,902 6,105

Northern Marianas 10,004 526 56,995 1/ 53,071 1/ 19.0 5,697 5,305

Puerto Rico 612,725 37,620 2,285,696 1/ 2,160,559 1/ 16.3 3,730 3,526

Virgin Islands 19,459 1,511 143,968 1/ 130,601 1/ 12.9 7,399 6,712

1/ Data imputed by NCES based on previous year's data.

2/ Prekindergarten data imputed by NCES affecting state total.

3/ Early estimate number reported by state, adjusted by NCES.

4/ Actual count/amount reported by state.

NOTE: All estimated data are state estimates, except where noted. Estimates were reported by December 2001. 

 Detail may not add to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data:

 "Early Estimates of Public Elementary/Secondary Education Survey," 2001–02, 

 "National Public Education Financial Survey," and "State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary

 Education," 1997–98 through 2000–01.

8

 Reported Estimates
Table 7.—Estimated student membership, number of teachers, revenues, expenditures, and pupil/teacher ratio, for public elementary

 and secondary schools, by state, for grades prekindergarten through 12: School year 2001–02/Fiscal year 2002

 Pupil/ Per

 Student Number of Revenues Expenditures teacher pupil Per pupil 

State membership teachers (in thousands) (in thousands) ratio revenue expenditure 

 United States 47,575,862 1/ 2,988,379 1/ $405,796,406 1/ $357,955,487 1/ 15.9 $8,529 $7,524

Alabama 726,367 3/ 47,201 3/ 5,079,632 3/ 4,312,295 15.4 6,993 5,937

Alaska 134,023 8,025 1,413,175 1,263,775 16.7 10,544 9,430

Arizona 903,518 1/ 45,959 1/ 6,251,791 1/ 4,919,844 1/ 19.7 6,919 5,445

Arkansas 448,246 3/ 31,097 3/ 2,758,954 2,583,877 14.4 6,155 5,764

California 6,247,889 1/ 304,598 1/ 49,977,065 1/ 42,972,693 1/ 20.5 7,999 6,878

Colorado 742,065 3/ 43,282 5,281,259 4,633,739 17.1 7,117 6,244

Connecticut 570,145 3/ 41,263 3/ 6,740,000 5,996,000 13.8 11,822 10,517

Delaware 115,486 3/ 7,511 3/ 1,133,698 1,110,044 15.4 9,817 9,612

District of Columbia 68,449 3/ 5,235 3/ 832,333 1/ 753,562 1/ 13.1 12,160 11,009

Florida 2,500,161 3/ 135,866 3/ 18,712,703 15,581,937 18.4 7,485 6,232

Georgia 1,470,634 3/ 97,563 3/ 12,731,021 11,225,320 15.1 8,657 7,633

Hawaii 184,546 3/ 10,943 1,447,360 1,250,379 16.9 7,843 6,775

Idaho 246,000 13,800 1,663,600 1,424,116 2/ 17.8 6,763 5,789

Illinois 2,068,182 125,130 3/ 16,683,134 1/ 15,713,240 1/ 16.5 8,067 7,598

Indiana 994,545 59,832 9,038,000 7,990,000 16.6 9,088 8,034

Iowa 491,169 34,702 3,905,200 3,500,200 14.2 7,951 7,126

Kansas 468,140 3/ 32,519 3/ 3,679,413 3,232,852 14.4 7,860 6,906

Kentucky 630,461 40,374 4,515,550 3/ 4,066,102 2/ 15.6 7,162 6,449

Louisiana 731,474 3/ 49,915 5,179,651 4,586,237 14.7 7,081 6,270

Maine 211,461 3/ 17,040 2,057,379 1,725,472 12.4 9,729 8,160

Maryland 860,890 3/ 54,360 3/ 7,895,069 1/ 6,755,070 1/ 15.8 9,171 7,847

Massachusetts 979,593 69,000 10,243,798 9,681,713 14.2 10,457 9,883

Michigan 1,733,900 96,900 16,414,148 14,930,266 17.9 9,467 8,611

Minnesota 845,700 53,450 7,630,833 1/ 6,623,305 1/ 15.8 9,023 7,832

Mississippi 491,686 32,757 2,779,365 2,573,778 15.0 5,653 5,235

Missouri 892,582 64,000 7,170,800 5,867,680 13.9 8,034 6,574

Montana 151,970 3/ 10,212 1,160,000 1,076,000 14.9 7,633 7,080

Nebraska 285,022 3/ 21,004 3/ 2,474,915 2,150,954 13.6 8,683 7,547

Nevada 356,038 19,255 2,638,399 2,183,900 18.5 7,410 6,134

New Hampshire 211,429 13,990 1,833,827 1,675,871 15.1 8,673 7,926

New Jersey 1,380,502 105,750 1/ 16,785,042 13,247,765 13.1 12,159 9,596

New Mexico 316,143 20,000 2,445,050 2,242,287 15.8 7,734 7,093

New York 2,920,000 215,500 35,504,200 31,316,964 2/ 13.5 12,159 10,725

North Carolina 1,303,928 3/ 83,526 8,730,181 8,577,066 15.6 6,695 6,578

North Dakota 106,047 3/ 8,503 3/ 839,420 654,600 2/ 12.5 7,916 6,173

Ohio 1,808,000 118,000 16,073,991 2/ 15,020,000 15.3 8,890 8,308

Oklahoma 620,404 41,452 4,025,659 1/ 3,836,716 1/ 15.0 6,489 6,184

Oregon 552,144 3/ 30,895 3/ 4,775,000 4,572,000 17.9 8,648 8,280

Pennsylvania 1,810,390 116,900 18,045,000 15,701,000 15.5 9,967 8,673

Rhode Island 157,599 3/ 10,455 3/ 1,658,847 1/ 1,610,108 1/ 15.1 10,526 10,216

South Carolina 648,000 46,000 3/ 4,825,639 4,651,774 14.1 7,447 7,179

South Dakota 126,560 3/ 9,089 929,709 1/ 815,244 1/ 13.9 7,346 6,442

Tennessee 938,162 58,059 5,821,637 1/ 5,131,548 1/ 16.2 6,205 5,470

Texas 4,128,429 281,427 32,335,661 28,208,002 14.7 7,832 6,833

Utah 477,801 3/ 21,900 2,750,680 3/ 2,278,647 2/ 21.8 5,757 4,769

Vermont 99,599 1/ 8,250 1/ 1,102,457 975,884 12.1 11,069 9,798

Virginia 1,162,780 3/ 87,823 9,617,914 1/ 8,664,590 1/ 13.2 8,271 7,452

Washington 1,009,626 3/ 51,584 1/ 8,166,964 3/ 7,305,880 19.6 8,089 7,236

West Virginia 281,400 19,970 3/ 2,496,000 2,460,000 14.1 8,870 8,742

Wisconsin 878,809 3/ 59,783 8,739,282 7,605,190 14.7 9,944 8,654

Wyoming 87,768 3/ 6,730 806,000 720,000 13.0 9,183 8,203

 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 Outlying Areas

American Samoa 15,897 3/ 834 2/ 61,357 47,432 2/ 19.1 3,860 2,984

Guam 32,002 1/ 1,955 1/ 196,808 1/ 205,396 1/ 16.4 6,150 6,418

Northern Marianas 10,284 1/ 543 1/ 61,050 1/ 57,357 1/ 18.9 5,937 5,578

Puerto Rico 612,431 1/ 37,777 1/ 2,380,601 1/ 2,270,481 1/ 16.2 3,887 3,707

Virgin Islands 18,148 1,418 139,911 1/ 128,061 1/ 12.8 7,709 7,056

1/ Data imputed by NCES based on previous year's data.

2/ Early estimate number reported by state, adjusted by NCES.

3/ Actual count/amount reported by state.

NOTE: All estimated data are state estimates, except where noted. Estimates were reported by December 2001. 

 Detail may not add to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data:

 "Early Estimates of Public Elementary/Secondary Education Survey," 2001–02, 

 "National Public Education Financial Survey," and "State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary

 Education," 1997–98 through 2000–01.

 9
 10

Technical Notes

Public School Early Estimates Methodology

 In mid-October 2001, survey forms were sent to each state education agency. States were 

asked to complete the form and return it by e-mail or facsimile (fax). States that had not 

responded by mid-November were contacted by telephone. All data were checked for 

reasonableness against prior years’ reports, and follow-up calls were made to resolve any 

questions. When states did not supply a data item, NCES imputed a value. These values are 

footnoted in the tables. If one or more states required an imputed number, then the national total 

for that item is marked as imputed. Any state early estimate that indicated a change of greater 

than 10 percentage points more or less than the national growth rate was replaced with an 

adjusted early estimate; that is, the estimate was calculated using the same method as that 

employed to impute missing data. 

 Missing 2001–02 values for student membership were imputed by applying the state’s 

growth rate from the previous year. This was calculated by multiplying a state’s membership data 

from the 2000–01 school year by the rate of growth experienced by that state in student 

membership from 1999–2000 to 2000–01. 

 Missing values for other data elements were imputed by calculating growth rates from 

other states. Using data from the previous year, the ratio of the missing quantity to the student 

membership was calculated. Then, using data from those states reporting data for the specific 

item in the current year, the ratio of the specific item to student membership was used to compute 

the growth rate from the previous year to the current year. Finally, the average percent change 

was applied to the product of the previous year ratio and the current year membership to yield an 

adjusted early estimate for each state with missing data. For example, the procedure for 

estimating the number of teachers in the 2001–02 school year involved: (1) calculating the 

teacher-to-pupil ratio in the given state in 2000–01; (2) calculating the total growth rate in 

teacher-to-pupil ratios for reporting states from 2000–01 to 2001–02; and (3) multiplying the 

state’s teacher-to-pupil ratio for 2000–01 by the state student membership in 2001–02, and then 

multiplying this product by the growth rate to yield an adjusted early estimate for the state. 

Equivalent procedures were used for estimating numbers of high school graduates, revenues, and 

current expenditures. 

 "Reported" and "preliminary" data reported here are final counts supplied by state 

education agencies. The finance data labeled as "preliminary" were still under review at the time 

this publication was approved, but it is not anticipated that any changes will be made to these 

data. In a few cases, NCES has imputed detail data that have increased the total for a state 

reported in this publication as "reported" or "preliminary." These imputations were based on 

current year data (e.g., imputed SY 2000–01 membership was imputed based on SY 2000–01 

data). For more information regarding these imputations see the file documentation for the 

"State Nonfiscal Survey" or "National Public Education Financial Survey" available 
 11

on the World Wide Web at: http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/ccddata.html. NCES accepts revisions to 

data for up to one year. The SY 1999–2000 data for student membership and teachers, and the 

SY 1998-99 data for high school graduates, have been revised from previously published data. 

The FY 1999 data for revenues and current expenditures have been revised from previously 

published data. 

Finance data for Guam for school years 1998–99 and 1999–2000 are from the previous 

year's Early Estimates publication, Early Estimates of Public Elementary and Secondary 

Education Statistics: School Year 2000-2001 (NCES 2001-331). 
 12

Accuracy of Estimates 

 Past years’ data provide an indication of the differences between early estimates and final 

data. (Note that the comparisons in this section use data published in the 2000–01 Early 

Estimates [NCES 2001–331], available on the NCES Web Site [http://nces.ed.gov].) The early 

estimate of public school membership for fall 2000 was 47,159,682, which amounts to an 

increase of 0.6 percent over the final fall 1999 value. The actual increase, based on the reported 

count of public school membership for fall 2000 presented in this report, is 0.8 percent. Last 

year’s early estimate indicated that there were 2,953,311 public school teachers for SY 2000–01, 

implying an increase of 1.6 percent over the final SY 1999–2000 value. The count of public 

school teachers for 2000–01 in this report is 1.5 percent higher than the SY 1999–2000 final 

value. 

 For the number of public high school graduates, last year’s early estimate for SY 1999–

2000 was 2,531,524, which amounts to an increase of 1.7 percent over the final SY 1998–99 

count of public high school graduates. A comparison of the reported SY 1999–2000 count to the 

final SY 1998–99 count in this report shows an increase of 2.4 percent. Revenues were estimated 

to increase 4.8 percent from FY 1999 (reported data) to FY 2000 (estimated data), and the 

increase based on reported FY 2000 data is 7.4 percent. The estimated increase in expenditures 

for the same year was 5.4 percent, while the actual increase was 6.9 percent. 

 Looking at last year’s estimates for each state and comparing them with reported data for 

fall 2000 in this report, note that all the states’ estimates of student membership for fall 2000 

were within 5.0 percent of the reported count in this report with the exception of the District of 

Columbia. When comparing the revenue data between the two reports, the difference in reported 

revenue data for each state for FY 2000 in this report are within 10 percent of the estimate for FY 

2000 from last year report.

 

 
 13

Definitions 

 Current expenditures are funds spent for operating local public schools and include such items 

as salaries for school personnel, student transportation, school books and materials, and energy 

costs, but exclude capital outlay and interest on school debt. 

 Graduates are defined as students receiving a regular high school diploma during the school 

year, including summer graduates. Early estimates are provided for the recent graduates from the 

2000–2001 school year, with projections for the 2001–02 school year. 

 Membership is the unduplicated count of students on the roll of the school or local education 

agency on the school day closest to October 1. Unless otherwise specified, membership includes 

all students in prekindergarten through grade 12 and ungraded classes. 

 Per pupil expenditure (or per pupil revenue) is the total current expenditure (or revenue) for 

public elementary and secondary education in a state divided by the student membership. The 

numbers reported here, based on membership, can be expected to be smaller than per pupil 

expenditures (and per pupil revenues) based on average daily attendance because the membership 

counts are generally larger than average daily attendance. As with pupil/teacher ratio, the average 

reported here does not reflect variations across school districts, grade levels, or programs. 

 Pupil/teacher ratio is the number of students divided by the number of teachers. The 

pupil/teacher ratio for public schools reported here represents an average across all levels. There 

is, however, variability across school districts, prekindergarten, elementary, and secondary grade 

levels, and across programs such as special education and gifted and talented. 

 Revenues are defined as additions to assets which do not incur an obligation that must be met at 

some future date, do not represent exchanges of fixed assets, and are available for expenditure by 

the local education agencies in the state. Revenues include funds from local, intermediate, state, 

and federal sources. 

 Teachers are professional staff who provide instruction to students and maintain daily student 

attendance figures for a group or class at any of the levels from prekindergarten through grade 12 

and ungraded classes. Teacher numbers are reported in full-time equivalents (FTE), which are 

computed by dividing the amount of time employed in instruction by the time normally required 

of a full-time position. 
 14

For More Information

For information about the Public School Early Estimates System or the Common Core of Data, 

contact Lena McDowell by e-mail (lena.mcdowell@ed.gov); by mail (Office of Educational 

Research and Improvement, National Center for Education Statistics, 1990 K Street NW, 

Washington, DC 20006–5651); or by telephone (202–502–7396). For questions about fiscal data, 

contact Frank Johnson by telephone (202–502–7362) or by e-mail (frank.johnson@ed.gov). 

 
 15

Acknowledgments 

The authors would like to thank all of the people in the state education agencies who supplied the 

data for this publication. This report would not have been possible without their contributions. 

The tables in this report were prepared by Yupin Bae of Pinkerton Computer Consultants. 

Yanfen Mu, of Pinkerton Computer Consultants, helped create and verify the tables imputations, 

and Fujia Lu and Mark Glander, also of Pinkerton Computer Consultants, provided additional 

assistance. The authors also acknowledge the comments and suggestions of the following 

reviewers: Kathy Rosenberger of the Maryland State Department of Education; Nancy Protheroe 

of Educational Research Service; William Sonnenberg of NCES, Annual Reports Program; and 

Aurora D’Amico of NCES, Postsecondary Education Statistics. Thanks also go to Lee Hoffman 

of NCES (Program Director) and to Mike Planty of Education Statistics Service Institute, for 

their input and to Karen O’Conor of NCES, Office of the Deputy Commissioner, who chaired the 

publication’s adjudication. This report was prepared under the overall guidance and direction of 

Jeffrey Owings, Associate Commissioner, Elementary/Secondary and Library Studies Division.