United States Solid Waste and EPA-530-B-99-002

Environmental Protection Emergency Response August 1999

Agency (5305W) http://www.epa.gov

State

Scrap Tire

Programs

A Quick Reference Guide:

1999 Update

Printed on paper that contains at least 30 percent postconsumer fiber
i

INTRODUCTION

Scrap tire management has been a serious concern over the past decade. Although great

strides have been made in reducing the size and quantity of scrap tire stockpiles, at least 800 million

scrap tires remain in stockpiles across the country. Many of the stockpiles continue to receive more

scrap tires each year. (See Tables 1 and 2, p. ii, for further information on scrap tire generation.) In

addition, in 1996, approximately 266 million scrap tires were generated in the United States. Since

the first scrap tire law was passed in 1985, 49 out of 50 States have addressed scrap tire

management through specific scrap tire laws and regulations or through State solid waste or

transportation legislation.

The Scrap Tire Management Council estimates that, in 1996, of the 266 million scrap tires

generated in the United States, approximately 24.5 million were recycled for purposes such as

ground rubber in products and asphalt highways, stamped products, and agricultural and

miscellaneous uses. An additional 10 million were beneficially used in civil engineering projects. 

These civil engineering uses are presented separately from the recycling figure because, although

some are recycled into products such as artificial reefs or septic system drain fields, many are used

in landfill construction and operation. In addition, 152.5 million were combusted for energy

recovery, and 15 million were exported. The remaining 64 million were landfilled or disposed of in

either legal or illegal stockpiles.

The following information summarizes each State’s scrap tire management legislation and

programs in a matrix for each State program. It is intended to provide State regulators, as well as

members of industry, with a quick reference on State scrap tire programs across the country. 

The matrix for each State program contains eight sections. The “State Contact” section

provides the name, address, phone number, and fax number of the scrap tire program manager for

the State; websites and e-mail information are given when available. The “Legislation and

Regulations” section briefly outlines the history of scrap tire legislation for the State. The “Funding

Sources/Fees” section addresses the State funds and collection fees authorized by the State. The

“Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations” section summarizes the regulations that apply to these

entities. Similarly, the “Storage and Processor Regulations” and the “Disposal Restrictions”

sections outline relevant regulatory requirements. The “Financial/Market Incentives” section

discusses grants and other programs that foster better scrap tire disposal/recycling waste

management and reduction. The “Additional Information” section provides information about

activities of interest related to scrap tires in a particular State, such as special field tests or studies,

and innovative uses for scrap tires. 

For the information contained in this publication, State Scrap Tire Programs: A Quick

Reference Guide, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) contacted all States for the

latest information (as of April 1998) on their programs. Overall figures for the information in this

“Introduction” are based on estimates in the Scrap Tire Management Council's Scrap Tire

Use/Disposal Study, 1996 Update, April 1997.

For further information on scrap tire management, contact the EPA Resource Conservation

and Recovery Act (RCRA)/Superfund Hotline, Monday through Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
ii

Eastern Standard Time (EST). The national toll-free number is 800-424-9346. For the hearingimpaired, the number is TDD 800-553-7672. A document on scrap tire management, Summary of

Markets for Scrap Tires, (Document No.: EPA/530-SW-90-074B, published October 1991), is

available through the hotline or by writing: RCRA Information Center, U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste (5305W), 401 M Street SW, Washington, DC 20460. 

The full report, Markets for Scrap Tires (PB92115252), is available for $31.50 (subject to change)

from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 

22161, 703-487-4600.

Table 1

Scrap Tire Generation: 1996

Passenger replacementa 175,328,000

Light truck replacementa 27,605,000

Medium, wide base, heavy & large off-the-roada 11,139,000

Farma 2,460,000

Tires from scrapped vehiclesb 49,476,000

Total Scrapped Tires 266,008,000

U.S. Population 265,100,000

Rate of Scrappage 1.00 per person

a

Figures from Tire Industry Facts 1996, Rubber Manufacturers Association (in preparation).

b Estimates based on four tires per scrapped vehicle. Vehicle estimates for 1994 from the

Statistical Abstract of the United States, U.S. Department of Commerce.

Source: Scrap Tire Management Council. 1997. Scrap Tire Use/Disposal Study, 1996 Update,

Washington, DC.

Table 2

Estimated Destination for Scrap Tires in 1996

Destination Percent of Generation

Recycled

Crumb Rubber 12.5

Cut/Stamped/Punched Products 8.0

Agricultural Uses 2.5

Miscellaneous Uses 1.5

Total Recycled 24.5 million 9%a

Beneficially Used in Civil Engineering 10 million 4%a

Combusted for Energy Recovery 152.5 million 57%a

Exported 15 million 6%a

Landfilled, stockpiled, or illegally dumped 64 million 24%

TOTAL GENERATED 266 million scrap tires 100%

a

 202 million scrap tires, or 76% of the scrap tires generated in 1996, had markets. Adapted from Scrap Tire 

 Management Council, 1997. Scrap Tire Use/Disposal Study, 1996 Update, Washington, DC.
iii

ALABAMA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Disposal and Land Filling

Russell Kelly

Alabama Department of 

 Environmental Management

 (ADEM)

Solid Waste Section

1751 Congressman W.L. Dickinson

 Drive

P.O. Box 301463

Montgomery, Alabama 36130-1463

Telephone: 334-271-7771

FAX: 334-279-3050

Recycling

Michael Forster

Alabama Department of Economic

 and Community Affairs

P.O. Box 5690

Montgomery, Alabama 36103-5640

Telephone: 334-242-5336

FAX: 334-242-0552

Permitting for Storage

Anthony Spencer

Alabama Department of Public

 Health

(RSA Tower, Suite 1250)

Bureau of Environmental Services

P.O. Box 303017

Montgomery, Alabama 36130

Telephone: 334-206-5373

FAX: 334-206-5788

C Alabama’s Solid Waste Act was passed in May 1989. C Not addressed in legislation. C Not addressed.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Facilities that process and/or

store tires must have a health

permit.

C A manifest record showing

origin of tires delivered to site

and destination of tires leaving

the site, tire stacking

dimensions, separation

distances and site description is

also required.

C Disposal facilities must have a solid waste permit. C Not addressed. C Three monofills for tires are permitted and

operating.

C In 1990, the State legislature required that

a study be performed to plan for improved

scrap tire management in the State. A

Tire Recycling Center was established at

Gladsden State Community College in

1990 to conduct this study. It was

completed in August 1991.
iv

ALASKA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Glenn Miller

Alaska Department of

 Environmental Conservation

410 Willoughby Avenue

Juneau, Alaska 99801-1795

Telephone: 907-465-5153

FAX: 907-465-5362

E-mail: gmiller@envircon.state.ak.us

David Wigglesworth

Anchorage Office

Telephone: 907-269-7582

FAX: 907-269-7600

Tony Barter

Alaskan Department of

 Transportation and Public Facilities

500 East Tudor

Anchorage, Alaska 99507

Telephone: 907-269-6230

FAX: 907-269-6231

C No scrap tire legislation at the present time. C The Alaska program is funded 100%

from the State’s general fund.

C No specific regulations.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Not applicable: no tire piles

exceeding 500,000 tires are

known to exist.

C Not addressed. C Recycling bill gives bidders’ preference

to recycled products.

C The Alaskan Department of

Transportation was the first in the United

States to field test rubberized asphalt.
v

ARIZONA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Sal Tandean or Barry Abbot

Arizona Department of

 Environmental Quality (ADEQ)

Solid Waste Section

Waste Programs Division

3033 North Central Avenue

Phoenix, Arizona 85012

Telephone: 602-207-2226

FAX: 602-207-2383

C The Scrap Tire Law (HB 2687,

Chapter 389) was passed in July

1990 and took effect on September

27, 1990.

C SB 1252, which took effect in

September 1991, amends the Scrap

Tire Law.

C HB 2144, which took effect

September 30, 1992, also amends

the Scrap Tire Law.

C SB 1024 and 1228, both of which

took effect in July 1997, amend the

Scrap Tire Law.

C A waste tire fund was established in

September 27, 1990. Monies are raised

through a 2% sales tax (not to exceed $2/tire)

on the retail sales of new tires.

C Counties receive a share of the waste tire

fund based on the number of vehicle

registrations in each county.

C New car dealers can charge a maximum of

$1/tire at the sale of a new car. New car

dealers can charge a greater amount if they

specify the dollar amount and its purpose.

C The 1997 amendment of the law extends the

2% new tire sales fee program to December

31, 2002.

C Retail tire sellers must accept waste tires from customers

at the point of transfer.

C Scrap tire collection sites must be approved as a solid

waste facility by the Department of Environmental Quality.

C Scrap tire collection sites must require, and tire sellers

must show, a manifest for disposal of waste tires at the

site.

C DEQ registration is required for all collection sites.

C State-funded waste tire collection sites must accept up to

five tires per person per year from county residents with no

fee assessed; they must accept waste tires from retail

sellers of new tires with no fee. However, if a county can

demonstrate that the funds it receives from the waste tire

fund are insufficient to manage its program, then the

county may charge a fee for disposal.

C A county or private enterprise receiving a contract or grant

for tire management activities must provide at least one

waste tire collection site in the county and may not refuse

to accept waste tires from designated dealers.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C A site at which 5,000 or more scrap

tires are stored outdoors on any day

is subject to self certification

requirements including the financial

assurance requirement.

C A site at which more than 500 and

fewer than 5,000 tires are stored on

any day is subject to waste tire best

management practices.

C A site at which more than 100 and

fewer than 500 tires are stored is

subject to proper storage practices

outlined in the statute.

C A site at which fewer than 100 tires

are stored is subject to local zoning

and fire codes.

C As of January 1992, whole tires are banned from

disposal in landfills. Chopped or shredded tires can be

monofilled, but not landfilled. Chopped or shredded

tires can also be used as waste tire daily cover at a solid

waste landfill after ADEQ specifies the size of the parts

into which the material must be cut.

C Rules were passed by the State’s Regulatory Review

Council in November 1992 that affect the disposal of

scrap tires generated at mining facilities. Burial of tires

generated at mining facilities will be permitted on-site for

a period of 5 years. Companies must report to the DEQ

the number of tires buried and allow inspection of tire

disposal operations.

C Scrap tire manifests are required for disposal of tires at

a collection site.

C The waste tire fund established in 1990

is used to provide funds to counties for

use in contracting with private

enterprises for waste tire processing

and/or collection facilities.

C A permit to burn a tire-derived fuel can

be issued by ADEQ if it is

demonstrated that the burning will

result in equal to or lower emissions

than the burning of other types of fuel

permitted by the Department and the

applicant has met all requirements of

Titles I and V of the Clean Air Act. As

part of the demonstration, previous

tests approved by EPA shall be

accepted by ADEQ.

C Extensive field demonstrations and tests of

rubberized asphalt have been performed

over the past 20 years by the City of

Phoenix.

C An Arizona crumb rubber facility has been

in operation to process 3.5 million scrap

tires annually for use in rubberized asphalt

(90%), rubber hose, and other products

(10%).

C An Arizona cement kiln has an air quality

permit to burn waste tires.
vi

ARKANSAS

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Elizabeth Hoover

State of Arkansas 

Department of Pollution Control

 and Ecology

Solid Waste Division

P.O. Box 8913

Little Rock, Arkansas 72219-8913

Telephone: 501-682-0583

FAX: 501-682-0611

C Act 752, enacted in 1991, establishes regional solid waste

management authorities and requires authorities to provide

collection centers for tires.

C Act 748, enacted in 1991, provides for an income tax credit

for equipment used exclusively to reduce, reuse, or recycle

solid waste.

C Act 749, enacted in 1991, requires tire regulations to be

written. These regulations were promulgated in July 1992. 

The Act includes language regarding the hauling, storage,

and disposal of tires and requires permits for these

activities.

C Act 1292, enacted in 1997, establishes the current tire retail

sales tax. It also mandates additional reporting

requirements for tire retailers and new motor vehicle

dealers.

C Monies collected are placed in the

Waste Tire Management Fund to

provide grants for tire cleanup,

recycling, and the establishment of

waste tire collection centers.

C The Tire Grant Program sets aside 10%

of total grant funds for special grants to

districts for the removal of tires from

illegal disposal sites.

C Since July 1991, there is a $1/tire fee

on all tires imported into Arkansas for

disposal.

C Since August 1997, a $1.75/tire retail

sales tax is collected. Each Regional

Solid Waste Management District

(RSWMD) is allowed to assess a

separate fee on truck tires--no more

than $4–since January 1, 1998.

C Permits are required for haulers of scrap

tires handling more than 25 tires per load.

C Collection centers must be permitted.

C Sellers are required to file monthly returns

with the Department of Finance and the

applicable solid waste management district.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Storage sites with over 1,000

tires must be permitted as a

processing facility.

C Since July 1992, whole tires have been banned from

landfills. Scrap tires can be landfilled if they are cut, sliced,

or shredded, or they can be monofilled.

C An income tax credit is available to

businesses engaged in the reduction,

reuse, or recycling of solid wastes.

C A 10% price preference is given for the

purchase of retreads for State vehicles. 

If the retread tires were produced in

Arkansas, an additional 1% price

preference is added.

C A 30% income tax credit is available to

waste management companies that

invest in equipment used to reduce,

reuse, or recycle solid waste, including

scrap tires.
vii

CALIFORNIA 

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

General

Tom Ditsch

California Integrated Waste

 Management Board (CIWMB)

Waste Prevention and Market

 Development Division

8800 Cal Center Drive

Sacramento, California 95826

Telephone: 916-255-2578

FAX: 916-255-2222

E-mail: tdietsch@ciwmb.ca.gov

Web site: http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov

Regulations and Permitting

Cody Begley

California Integrated Waste

 Management Board

Permitting and Enforcement

 Division

8800 Cal Center Drive

Sacramento, California 95826

Telephone: 916-255-4165

FAX: 916-255-4071

Web site: http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov

C SB 1322 was passed in 1989. It allows the Department of General

Services and the California Integrated Waste Management Board

(CIWMB) to promulgate regulations for State purchase of retread tires

and requires the use of retreads on State vehicles (other than highspeed vehicles) after July 1, 1991.

C Under Assembly Bill 1843 (1989), the CIWMB was required to develop

a permit program for waste tire facilities; set up a tire recycling program

to reduce the landfilling of whole tires; and report to the legislature on

the feasibility of using tires as a fuel supplement in cement kilns, lumber

operations, and other industrial processes. The permit program and

recycling program have been in place since 1993. The feasibility report

has been completed.

C CIWMB’s final regulations for minor and major tire facilities went into

effect in 1993.

C AB 1306 requires that the California Department of Transportation

(CalTrans), with CIWMB, review and modify all bid specifications for

paving materials to encourage use of recycled materials, including

scrap tires.

C New legislation regulating waste tire haulers was adopted in May 1996. 

C Since July 1, 1990, a $1.00/tire

fee is collected on all tires at

point of sale. The fee

generates $3 million to $4

million annually for the

California Tire Recycling

Management Fund. The

CIWMB is administering the

fund.

C Transporters hauling more than four

tires must register with CIWMB.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Since July 1, 1992, new major

waste tire facilities (over 5,000

stored tires) must obtain a

major waste facility permit from

the CIWMB. Permit

requirements include fire

prevention, security and vector

control measures, tire pile size

and height limits, closure and

pile reduction plans.

C In February 1992, the CIWMB

issued requirements for

obtaining a minor (under 3,000

tires) waste tire facility permit.

C Since January 1, 1993, whole tires

have been banned from landfills.

C A 5% purchase price preference is available for State-purchased

products made from materials derived from used tires.

C The CIWMB has a grant and loan program to encourage the

recycling of tires. 

C The CIWMB has the authority to issue grants and loans to qualified

companies engaged in tire recycling, reuse, recovery or reduction

operations, including tire shredding, crumb rubber production,

pyrolysis, and the manufacture of products from scrap tires.

C The CIWMB is mandated to designate market development zones

and provide economic and regulatory incentives to businesses within

these zones for producing end products made with no less than 50%

recycled material.

C Grants are made to Local Enforcement Agencies.

C Stabilization and remediation of waste

tire sites.

C Conferences and workshops to

promote recycling.

C Collection and analysis of emissions

data from facilities using TDF.

C Civil engineering investigations.

C Local fire authority training.

C Emissions testing at coal-fired

cogeneration facilities.

C Rubberized asphalt concrete technical

assistance center.
viii

COLORADO

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

General

Glenn Mallory

Colorado Department of Public

 Health and Environment

Hazardous Materials and Waste

 Management Division

HMWMD-SWIM-B2

4300 Cherry Creek Drive South

Denver, Colorado 80222-1530

Telephone: 303-692-3445

FAX: 303-759-5355

Market Incentives

Steve Johnson

Colorado Housing and Finance

 Authority

1981 Blake Street

Denver, Colorado 80202

Telephone: 303-297-7363

FAX: 303-297-2615

C Solid waste regulations affecting scrap tire

management became effective in May 1988. 

These regulations govern the final disposal of

tires and regulate any site containing 10,000

or more tires as a solid waste facility.

C An enforcement program is in place.

C Since January 1, 1994, retailers of new tires or of new or

used motor vehicles collect a recycling development fee

of $1/tire on any waste tire to send to the State’s

Department of Revenue for deposit in the Waste Tire

Recycling Development Cash Fund (Fund). Retailers

and the Department of Revenue each can retain up to 

3-1/3% of the fee for administrative costs.

C Tires that are recapped or otherwise reprocessed for use

are exempt from the fee.

C Not addressed.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C A facility is limited in the number

of tires it can accept to the

number it can process, store,

recycle, or dispose of in a year.

C Storage requirements include

fire control, security measures,

access roads, and proper solid

waste and environmental

permits.

C Safe storage is defined as

placing tires or tire shreds in

trenches and covering them

with sheets of plastic and dirt.

C Not addressed. C A 20% tax credit for recycling equipment purchases.

C Market incentives from the Fund are administered by the

Colorado Housing and Finance Authority.

C Fund money may be loaned to local governmental

entities but only if no private individual or entity in the

geographic area served by the government entity is

engaged in the waste diversion or recycling projects of

waste tires.

C At least 15% of the Fund is available to individuals or

entities engaged in waste diversion or recycling programs

in rural areas of the State.

C No less than 30% of the Fund is available for new

businesses to be used for startup costs, and no more

than 34% may be awarded to a single individual or entity. 

Moneys provided must not be the sole source of funding.
ix

CONNECTICUT

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Carey Hurlburt

State of Connecticut

Department of Environmental

 Protection

Waste Management Bureau

Planning and Standards Division

79 Elm Street

Hartford, Connecticut 06106-5127

Telephone: 860-424-3248

FAX: 860-424-4081

C Guidelines for Rubber Tire Storage Areas (1978-80).

C Tires are managed as a special waste under the

Connecticut General Statutes, which became effective

February 1985.

C The State Mandatory Recycling Act designates tires as

future recyclables.

C Not addressed. C Any tire handler must comply with the

regulations set out in the Connecticut

General Statutes.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Tire storage facilities must be

licensed by the Department of

Environmental Protection. 

Requirements include ground

water protection, environmental

health and safety provisions and

financial assurance.

C Tires may be accepted at landfills until there are sufficient

facilities with tire recycling capabilities in the State.

C State has a 10% price preference for

products made from recycled materials.

C A 300 ton/day scrap tire-to-energy facility

is now operating in the town of Sterling. In

1991, tires began to be diverted from

landfills to a waste-to-energy facility in the

State. The facility operates in Sterling,

CT, and is burning approximately 106,600

tons (10 million tires) annually.
x

DELAWARE

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Janet Manchester

Delaware Department of Natural

 Resources and Environmental

 Control

Division of Air and Waste

 Management

Solid Waste Management Branch

89 Kings Highway

P.O. Box 1401

Dover, Delaware 19903

Telephone: 302-739-3820

FAX: 302-739-5060

Web site:

http://www.dnrec.state.de.us

E-mail:

jmanchester@dnrec.state.de.us

C No scrap tire legislation at the present time. However, tires

are being managed as either a solid waste or recyclable

material under existing solid waste regulations.

C New Regulation (1997) prohibits outdoor storage of tires

without first obtaining a permit from the State Fire Marshal’s

office. (See Delaware State Fire Prevention Regulations,

Part VI, Chapter 5.)

C Not addressed. C Scrap tire haulers are not required to be

permitted or registered. Tire haulers are

exempt from the $300 fee for solid waste

transporters.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Permit must be obtained from

State Fire Marshal for outdoor

storage.

C The State’s three sanitary landfills are permitted to accept

tires for landfilling provided that the tires are shredded or

split. Whole tires in excess of 10 per truckload are

prohibited from being landfilled.

C The State’s Green Industries Initiative

provides tax incentives and/or low

interest loans to business and industry

to use recycled materials in

manufacturing or to process

recyclables. To date, two loans have

been given out under this program,

including one to a crumb rubber

operation.

C The landfills have implemented a tipping

fee of $95 per ton for whole tires, which

they divert to a tire-to-energy facility. 

Shredded and sliced tires are accepted at

the regular tipping fee of $58.50 per ton. 
xi

FLORIDA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Bill Parker

State of Florida 

Department of Environmental

 Protection

Solid Waste Section MS-4565

Twin Towers Office Building

2600 Blair Stone Road

Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400

Telephone: 904-488-0300

FAX: 904-414-0414

E-mail: parker_b@dep.state.fl.us

C SB 1192, enacted in 1988, is the Solid Waste Act. Scrap

tires are addressed by the Act.

C Section 62-711 of the Florida Administrative Code defines

terms and contains rules for handling and disposing of

waste tires.

C A $1/tire tax on the retail sale of new

tires.

C Retreads are exempt.

C Waste tire collectors must be registered

with the Department of Environmental

Protection.

C Collection centers must have a permit.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Waste tire sites must be closed

or located at a permitted facility.

C Processing or disposal facilities,

collection centers, and mobile

operators must have a permit.

C Tires must be cut into at least eight pieces prior to

landfilling.

C Counties receive grants that can be

used to buy products made from waste

tires.

C Florida Department of Transportation

specifies rubber modified asphalt for all

surfacing contracts.

C Waste tires are used as fuel in cement

kilns, power plants, and paper mills.

C Shredded tires are used above the liner in

landfill construction.
xii

GEORGIA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Denny Jackson

Scrap Tire Management Program

Georgia Department of Natural

 Resources

4244 International Parkway

Suite 104

Atlanta, Georgia 30354

Telephone: 404-362-4500

FAX: 404-362-2693

E-Mail:

denny_jackson@mail.dnr.state.ga.us

Web site: http://www.dnr.state.ga.us

C HB 1385, a recycling amendment to the 1990 State Solid

Waste Management Act that includes tires, was passed in

May 1992.

C Georgia’s Waste Tire Committee and regulators from the

EPD have written proposed carrier and generator rules

required by HB 1385. They were promulgated in

December 1992 and were effective January 1993.

C As of July 1, 1992, there is a $1/tire

management fee on the sale of new

passenger and truck tires. 

C HB 1385 requires generators of scrap tires

to obtain an identification number. 

Carriers must obtain permits including

financial assurance.

C HB 1385 establishes a manifest/tracking

system for scrap tires.

C Retail dealers must keep accurate records

and report to the EPD quarterly on the

number of new replacement tires sold.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C No one may store more than 100

scrap tires anywhere in the State.

Exceptions include:

- Solid waste disposal sites with

a permit to store scrap tires

prior to disposal;

- Tire retailers, if the number of

scrap tires stored is under

3,000;

- Tire retreader with not more

than 1,500 scrap tires, if the

tires will be retreaded;

- Auto salvage yards with not

more than 500 scrap tires in

storage.

C Storage and processing facilities

must comply with pile dimension

requirements.

C Processors of scrap tires must

recycle 75% of incoming tires per

quarter.

C Since January 1, 1995, whole tires have been banned from

landfills. Shredded or chopped tires can be landfilled if no

other end markets are available.

C Monies generated by the state fees are

used for:

S Scrap tire abatement projects by

State contractors;

S Grants to local governments for

enforcement and educational

programs;

S Reimbursements to local

governments for scrap tire recycling

events;

S Reimbursements to local

governments for scrap tire pile

cleanup projects;

S Grants to universities and

governmental agencies for innovative

technology development.

C The EPD is gathering information on the

locations and number of tires in

unpermitted tire stockpiles in the State.

C Criteria for scrap tire dump abatement

were developed in 1993.
xiii

HAWAII

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

John Harder

Hawaii Department of Health

Office of Solid Waste Management

Suite 210

919 Ala Moana Boulevard

Honolulu, Hawaii 96813

Telephone: 808-586-4240

FAX: 808-586-7509

C Effective July 1, 1994, Chapter 342I, Hawaii Revised

Statutes (H.R.S.) prohibits the disposal of whole used motor

vehicle tires at all landfills and incinerators within the State

of Hawaii. Tire retailers are required to accept used tires in

exchange for new ones purchased. There is no tax on the

retail sale of tires.

C To date there is no tire advance

disposal fee.

C No specific regulations.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Tire storage, shredding and

processing facilities are now

required to seek permit approval

as described in Hawaii

Administrative Rules Title 11,

Chapter 58.1, “Solid Waste

Management Control.”

C Since July 1, 1992, whole tires have been banned from

landfills and incinerators within the State of Hawaii.

C The Department of Accounting and

General Services has finalized (under

legislative direction) its procurement

rules and specifications. They include

a 10% preference for products made

with recycled materials, including

retread tires. The rules were

promulgated by mid-1993.

C Shredded tires are sold to a coal plant for

use as fuel.
xiv

IDAHO

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Todd Montgomery

State of Idaho

Division of Environmental Quality

 (DEQ)

1410 North Hilton Street

Boise, Idaho 83720

Telephone: 208-373-0464

FAX: 208-373-0417

C HB 352, passed in March 1991, addressed 

acceptance of scrap tires, collection sites, and

disposal of scrap tires.

C A $1/tire fee on the retail sale of motor vehicle tires,

established as part of HB382, sunsetted June 30,

1996.

C No specific regulations.

C Tire sellers must accept a number of

scrap tires from consumers for

disposal/recycling equal to the number of

tires sold/year.

C Scrap tire collection sites must register

with the DEQ.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C An owner or operator of a waste

tire collection site must register

with the Division of

Environmental Quality and

provide information concerning

the site’s location and size and

the approximate number of

waste tires that are stored at the

site.

C Disposal of tires at landfills and incineration

sites is banned (except as allowed under

permissible fuel uses), effective July 1, 1993.

C Since January 1, 1993, tires must be

disposed of at scrap tire collection sites.

C Each county was required to establish a

program addressing waste tire disposal by

October 1, 1992.

C The Waste Tire Grant program is no longer in

existence.
xv

ILLINOIS

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

General

Alan Justice

State of Illinois

Department of Commerce and

 Community Affairs (DCCA)

Bureau of Energy and Recycling

325 West Adams

Room 300

Springfield, Illinois 62704-1892

Telephone: 217-785-3999

FAX: 217-785-2618

Regulations and Cleanup

Paul Purseglove

Illinois EPA

Bureau of Land

1001 North Grand Avenue East

Springfield, Illinois 62702

Telephone: 217-524-5597

FAX: 217-524-1991

C HB 1085 (PA 86-452), enacted August 31, 1989, amended the

Environmental Protection Act to create the Used Tire Management

Program. Financial assistance can be provided to local governments for

cleanup of tire piles, development of markets for tire-based products, and

regulations to control mosquito infestations in tire piles.

C SB 989 (PA 87-727), enacted September 23, 1991, further amended the

Environmental Protection Act by establishing a new fee on tires sold,

setting priorities for how monies generated are earmarked, requiring tire

retailers to accept used tires for recycling, and requiring the development

and implementation of a plan to eliminate large tire piles. The Act also

created a waste management hierarchy for used tires generated.

C HB 1159 (PA 87-476) enacted September 13, 1991, amended the Civil

Administrative Code of Illinois by requiring the Illinois Department of

Central Management Services to develop and implement a program to

use retreads as replacement tires on State-owned vehicles whenever

possible.

C Title 14, Section 55.8(c), of the Illinois Environmental Protection Act

authorizes retailers to enter agreements with their suppliers to have the

supplier remit the $1/tire fee collected to the State.

C The State has regulations that apply to generators, transporters, and

processors of used and waste tires. The regulations are Part 848 of the

Illinois Pollution Control Board’s regulations.

C Since July 1, 1992, any person

offering tires at retail sale in Illinois

must collect a fee of $1/tire sold and

delivered in the State. After collection

allowances are paid to the retailer and

the Illinois Department of Revenue,

$0.80 of each dollar is deposited into

the Used Tire Management Fund. 

Approximately $7 million is expected

to be generated annually.

C Final rules for licensing scrap tire

transporters were finalized in 1990.

C Since July 1, 1992, any person

offering tires for retail sale must

accept for recycling one used tire for

every tire sold.

C Since July 1, 1992, any person

offering tires for retail sale in Illinois

must post a written notice that

includes the universal recycling

symbol and the following statement:

“DO NOT put used tires in the trash”;

“Recycle your used tires”; and “State

law requires us to accept used tires

for recycling, in exchange for new

tires purchased.”

C Any retailer that collects used tires for

recycling under PA 87-727 may not

allow the tires to accumulate for a

period of more than 90 days.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Since April 1991, scrap tire storage facilities are

requested to limit tire pile size, and ensure that

water does not accumulate in tires. Site owners

must maintain daily records of tires received

and/or processed.

C Sites with more than 5,000 tires are required to

have financial insurance to cover the cost of site

cleanup.

C Since January 1992, processors have been

regulated. Provisions include ensuring that tires

are processed in a manner that prevents water

accumulation.

C Since January 1, 1992, no one can operate a tire

storage site containing more than 50 used tires

unless the site has been registered with the Illinois

Environmental Protection Agency. Registered

sites must report the number of tires accumulated,

the status of vector control, and the actions to

handle and process the tires.

C Since July 1, 1994,

whole tires are

banned from

landfills.

C A portion of the money generated from the $1/tire fee imposed by PA

87-727 will be available to the Illinois DCCA to provide

manufacturing/processing grants and loans,

procurement/demonstration grants, research/development grants, and

marketing grants.

C The Illinois DCCA Used Tire Recovery Program awards grants and low

interest loans to expand existing used tire processing facilities in the

State and to promote beneficial end uses of tires. For example, the

Program has provided funding to:

S Waste Recovery - Illinois for the purchase of equipment to process

scrap tires into tire-derived fuel;

S Laidlaw Waste Systems, Inc. to build a roadway with waste tirederived material as an insulating road base;

S Over 100 schools, colleges and universities to assist in the purchase

of outdoor, all-weather running tracks made from tire-derived

material;

S Construct, with tire-derived materials, over 150 playgrounds and over

40 horse arenas;

S Illinois Cement Company to purchase a feeding system to introduce

whole tire-derived fuel into their cement kiln.

C The Illinois Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) may allow, on a case-bycase basis, the use of alternative

materials, including shredded tire

material, to serve as a daily cover at

sanitary landfills.

C Illinois has an active tire cleanup program. 

The State will remove up to 1,000 tires

from private property at no expense

provided the property owner agrees to no

further accumulations. The State has a

law, Section 55.3 of the Illinois

Environmental Protection Act, that allows

EPA to order a property owner to remove

tires from his or her property and follows

up with a State removal and cost recovery

if the owner is unwilling or unable to

comply. The Illinois EPA averages 100

cleanups each year, with 1.5 to 2 million

tires removed from open dumps yearly.
xvi

INDIANA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

General

Debby Baker

Indiana Department of

Environmental Management

(DEM)

Office of Solid and Hazardous

Waste

100 N Senate Avenue

P.O. Box 6015

Indianapolis, Indiana 46206-6015

Telephone: 317-232-0066

FAX: 317-232-3403

Market Incentives

Jose Evans

Energy Policy Division

Indiana Department of Commerce

One N. Capitol Avenue, Suite 600

Indianapolis, Indiana 46204

Telephone: 317-232-8951

FAX: 317-232-8995

C HB 1391, signed into law March 1990, established regulations

on the disposal of lead acid batteries and waste tires.

C HB 1056, an act amending HB 1391, was passed in 1990. 

When HB 1056 sunsetted, it was replaced by HB 1047, which

requires that rules be written on tire storage and transport. HB

1047 also extended the life of the Waste Tire Task Force.

C PL 19, passed in 1990, created the Waste Tire Management

Fund and established a price preference for recycled materials,

including retread tires.

C PL 236, passed in 1991, affects tire retailers, wholesalers,

haulers, and processors. Haulers must comply with 329

Indiana Code (IAC) 12-6. Processors must comply with 329

IAC 12-5.

C PL 88, passed in March 1992, set up a registration system for

storage of waste tires. Storage sites must comply with the

registration and operational requirements of 329 IAC 12-5.

C Article 15 for waste tire management is expected to be

promulgated in 1999.

C As of July 1991, a waste tire

management fund was created.

- 35% is for removal and disposal of

improperly disposed tires and for

operating the waste tire education

program and to pay administrative

expenses;

- 65% assists the Department of

Commerce to provide grants and

loans to people involved in waste

tire management activities and to

pay administrative expenses.

C The fund is supported by a $0.25 fee

assessed on each new tire sold in

Indiana and is administered by the

Indiana Department of Environmental

Management.

C Provisions and permit fee amounts have

been established for registering scrap tire

haulers.

C Tire retailers are required to post a notice in

the establishment advising customers that

the retailer is required to accept the

customers’ used tires for recycling.

C Retailers must retain one used tire for each

new tire sold.

C A manifest form is required for shipment of

scrap tires from a generator to a disposal or

processing facility.

C Haulers transporting more than 20 scrap

tires in Indiana must register with IDEM and

comply with the requirements of 329 IAC

12-6, which includes manifesting.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C A permit is required for scrap tire

storage facilities.

C Most facilities that cut, shred or

grind tires are required to be

registered as a waste tire

processing facility. The

following facilities are not

required to be registered:

- A generator (tire dealer, auto

salvage yard) that only

processes tires generated by

its business;

- A facility registered as a

waste tire storage facility.

- A mobile shredder that only

processes tires at the site of

generation;

- A tire recapper.

C IAC 13-20-14 states that “A whole waste tire may

not be disposed of at a solid waste landfill after

July 1, 1995.”

C IDEM has determined how a tire may be altered so it

is no longer a whole tire and thus may be disposed

of into a solid waste landfill.

- A tire which has the sidewalls cut and the

remaining tread intact, resulting in three pieces

(two sidewalls and the tread); or

- A tire which has been cut, at a minimum, into four

(4) relatively equal pieces. The tire can be laid on

its side and cut like a pie through the bead and

tread into four pieces. Both sidewalls can be cut

out of the tire and the remaining tread cut into two

relatively equal pieces. The tire may be split in

half along the center of the tread (a bagel cut) and

the resulting two pieces each cut in half. Each

landfill site may require additional processing or

may refuse to accept any tire material.

C The Indiana Dept. of Commerce Energy Policy Division (EPD)

administers the Recycled Tire Product Procurement Grants 

Program, established January 1995, which awards grants of up

to $40,000 for Indiana local and state government agencies to

purchase products made from recycled Indiana scrap tires to

promote and demonstrate the use of products made from

recycled scrap tires. Grantees must provide a minimum of 50

percent of the total project cost.

C EPD administers the Recycled Tire Product Marketing Grants

Program, established January 1995, which awards grants of up

to $20,000 for Indiana businesses to promote and market

products made from recycled scrap tires. Grantees must provide

a minimum of 50 percent of the total project cost.

C EPD administers the Tire-Derived Fuel Testing Grants Program,

established January 1995, which awards grants of up to $30,000

for utilities, pulp and paper mills, cement kilns, and other

operations with appropriate pollution control equipment to test

the use of tire-derived fuel in their operations. Grantees must

provide a minimum of 50 percent of the total project cost.
xvii

IOWA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Mel Pins

State of Iowa 

Department of Natural

 Resources (DNR)

Waste Management Assistance

 Division

502 East Ninth Street

Henry A. Wallace Bldg.

Des Moines, Iowa 50319-0034

Telephone: 515-281-8489

FAX: 515-281-8895

C House File 753, the Waste Management and

Recycling Act, was passed in 1989. A portion of

the Act addresses waste tire disposal.

C House File 706, Registration of Waste Tire

Haulers, was passed in 1990.

C House File 2433, establishing a Waste Tire

Management Fund, was passed in 1996. The

fund provides a total of $15 million over six fiscal

years, 1997-2002, for a variety of waste tire

related programs, including grant funding for

county waste tire collection and management

programs, incentive grants for eligible waste tire

processors located within the State, grants to the

three State universities to encourage the use of

tire-derived fuel, and funds for the abatement of

nuisance stockpiles.

C In conjunction with requirements set forth in

HF2433, the Department is currently developing

administrative rules defining beneficial uses of

whole or processed waste tires, including uses

related to civil engineering practices, erosion

control, and agricultural practices.

C The 1996 legislation provided for the

reallocation of a portion of an existing $5

surcharge, which is collected at the time of

a motor vehicle title issuance or transfer, to

the Waste Tire Management Fund for fiscal

years 1997-2002.

C The Landfill Alternatives Financial

Assistance Program (passed as part of the

1987 Iowa Ground Water Protection Act) is

funded by a tonnage fee (a surcharge on all

wastes), paid in addition to a tipping fee, at

landfills.

C HF 706 requires that waste tire haulers register

with, and obtain a certificate of registration from

the Secretary of State’s Corporations Division

Office. A $10,000 surety bond is required of

each hauler to be registered. “Waste tire hauler”

means a person who transports for hire more

than 40 waste tires in a single load for

commercial purposes.

C Haulers are liable for any costs associated with

improper disposal of tires.

C Generators of scrap tires must contract with a

registered hauler for removal of scrap tires.

C Transporters of scrap tires for final land disposal

are required to dispose of the tires at permitted

sanitary disposal facilities. 

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C HF 2475 established permitting

requirements for waste tire

storage and processing

facilities. The requirements

include a permit fee and a

financial assurance instrument

and apply to facilities with more

than 500 tires.

C House File 228, passed in 1997,

allows authorized vehicle

recyclers to store or collect up

to 3,500 waste tires without a

waste tire storage permit.

C House File 653, also passed in

1997, provided that all

requirements for financial

assurance became effective

July 1, 1998.

C Since July 1, 1991, disposal of whole tires

in landfills is banned. Tires must be

processed by, at a minimum, shredding,

cutting, or chopping into pieces that are no

longer than 18 inches on any side.

C Disposers of waste tires must contract with

a registered hauler for removal of waste

tires.

C The Landfill Alternatives Financial Assistance

Program provides funding for source reduction

and recycling projects. Since 1988, nine projects

for scrap tire management have received funding. 

C House File 2433 provides eligible waste tire

processors located within the State a grant of up

to $20,000 annually, as an incentive to encourage

such processors to lower the rates at which they

sell processed waste tire materials.

C The Waste Tire Management County Grant

Program has been established in conjunction with

HF2433. The program provides competitive grant

awards to counties for the implementation of

waste tire collection and management programs

at the local level. An average of $1 million is

available annually for the program, with grant

funds to be used for waste tire collection and

processing fees, an educational component to the

program, and promotional and administrative

expenses.

C As mandated in HF2433, the Department began

implementing a Waste Tire Stockpile Abatement

Program in fiscal year 1998. The program will

provide the Department with funding in order to

contract for the removal and abatement of

approximately 6 million waste tires, contained in

over 60 stockpiles statewide.

C As of 1998, one cement kiln, one industrial plant,

and one State university use tire-derived fuel

(TDF) as a supplement to their primary fossil

fuel resources. An in-state processor also

manufactures agricultural equipment bushings

from bias-ply tire casings.

C A second state university will begin using TDF in

1999.

C A private boiler is to have conducted a test burn

of TDF in 1998 and, if successful, may

permanently use TDF.
xviii

KANSAS

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Joe Cronin

Kansas Department of Health and

Environment

Bureau of Waste Management

Forbes Field, Building 740

Topeka, Kansas 66620

Telephone: 913-296-1667

FAX: 913-296-1592

C Kansas Statutes Annotated 65-3424 through 65-3424m and

Kansas Administrative Regulations 28-29-28 through 28-29-

33 pertain to waste tire management.

C An excise tax of $0.50 on the retail sale

of new tires. An estimated $1.2 million

per year in tire fund revenues will be

used for grants to local governments

and program administration.

C Excise tax will be reduced to $0.25 per

tire on July 1, 2001.

C The Waste Tire Management Fund was

established in 1990 to provide grants to

cities and counties for scrap tire

recycling, management, collection, and

disposal operations and to enforce laws

relating to collection and disposal fees.

C Waste tire transporters are required to have

permits and provide financial assurance.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Permit requirements for waste

tire processing facilities, mobile

waste tire processors, and

collection centers include

zoning and site plans, a

management/operation plan for

the site containing information

on the number of tires to be

processed, type of processing

to be used, a contingency plan

for fire or other emergencies,

proof of ownership of site, a

closure plan, financial

assurance, pile size limitations,

and site operation standards.

C As of July 1, 1990, whole tires are banned from disposal in

landfills.

C Tires, if cut sufficiently small, may be disposed of in

landfills.

C Tires may be disposed of only in permitted disposal

facilities.

C After July 1, 1999, tire disposal only in permitted monofills.

C The first municipal grants issued

through the Waste Tire Management

Fund were awarded in 1993.

C The only market stimulation grant to

develop waste tire recycling markets

was awarded in 1997. The amount of

the grant was $400,000. No additional

funds are available.

C Whole tires may be used as part of a

proven and approved leachate collection

system. 

C Cut tire chips may be used as daily landfill

cover material.

C Beneficial uses must be approved in

writing by the Kansas Department of

Health and Environment.
xix

KENTUCKY

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Charles Peters

Kentucky Department of

Environmental Protection

Division of Waste Management

14 Reilly Road

Frankfort, Kentucky 40601

Telephone: 502-564-6716

FAX: 502-564-4049

C HB 636, passed in April 1998, specifically addresses the

management of waste tires.

C There is a $1/tire tax on the retail sale

of new replacement tires.

C A waste tire fund was established for

the cleanup of tire piles and for market

development. 

C Accumulators, transporters, and 

processors must register and post bond.

C Tire retailers and accumulators can

transfer waste tires only to registered

transporters or authorized facilities. 

Receipts are required.

C No person can accumulate more than 100,

transport more than 50, or process more

than 25 waste tires without registering with

the Kentucky Department of Environmental

Protection (DEP).

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C No person can accumulate

more than 100 or process more

than 25 waste tires without

registering with the DEP.

C Management standards for

accumulators, including access

for firefighting equipment and

prevention of the entrapment of

water.

C Only tires “rendered suitable for disposal” may be disposed

of in landfills. 

C Sales tax exemption on recycling

equipment.

C Tax credit on recycling equipment.

C A cement plant is burning tires for fuel.
xx

LOUISIANA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Karen Fisher-Brasher

Louisiana Department of 

Environmental Quality

Office of Solid and Hazardous 

Waste

P.O. Box 82178

Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70884-

2178

Telephone: 504-765-0249

FAX: 504-765-0299

E-mail: karen_f@deq.state.la.us

Web site: www.deq.state.la.us

C Act 185, a solid waste recycling and reduction law affecting

scrap tires, was passed in 1989, and became effective

January 20, 1992.

C The Department of Environmental Quality formulated

regulations for scrap tire recycling in accordance with Act

185. The current regulations include:

- Manifest and reporting requirements;

- Site notification requirements;

- Permitting requirements for transporters and waste tire

collection storage, recycling and disposal sites;

- Outdoor/indoor storage requirements;

- Tire dealer responsibilities; and 

- Provisions for a $2/tire fee on retail sale.

C A $2/tire fee on retail sales became

effective February 1992.

C Notification and permitting fees are

specified in the regulations.

C A portion of the waste tire management

fund is used to pay for the cleanup of

waste tire piles around the State.

C Permit fees have been established for tire

haulers, collectors, and processors.

C The retailers are required to post a notice

in their establishment advising customers

that the retailer is required to accept the

customers’ tires for recycling.

C Customers are required to pay the

disposal fee whether they leave the waste

tire or take it with them.

C Retailers may not refuse to take one used

tire for each new tire sold.

C The period of time over which collection/

processing facilities can retain whole tires

is limited.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C As of January 1990, tires must

go to a permitted recycling or

solid waste disposal facility or to

waste tire collection sites.

C Permit fees have been

established for processors.

C Since January 1, 1991, whole tires cannot be disposed in

landfills. They must be cut or shredded prior to disposal.

C A portion of the waste tire management

fund is used to pay for the cleanup of

waste tire piles around the State.

C A 5% price preference for State

purchases of supplies that meet

recycled content requirements.

C Tax credits equal to 20% of the cost of

recycling equipment may be used to

process recyclables or to manufacture

materials using recycled feedstock.
xxi

MAINE

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

James Glasgow

State of Maine

Department of Environmental

Protection (DEP)

Bureau of Remediation and Waste 

Management

17 State House Station

Augusta, Maine 04333

Telephone: 207-287-2651

FAX: 207-287-7826

E-mail: jims.glasgow@state.me.us

C LD 1431, passed in 1989, established a funding source for

scrap tire management activities. It went into effect January

1990.

C Chapter 406 of the State Solid Waste Management Plan

contains requirements for proper storage or disposal of

scrap tires and the licensing of storage and processing

facilities. The rules that apply to tire storage facilities

include provisions for surface and groundwater protection.

C The Tire Stockpile Abatement Law, enacted in 1991, gives

DEP authority to investigate uncontrolled tire stockpiles,

gives enforcement authority to DEP to require owners/

operators of such sites to clean up the sites, and contains

provisions concerning assignment of liability and State

authority to recover funds.

C A $1/tire advance disposal fee paid on

the retail sale will fund tire pile cleanup

and scrap tire recycling grant and loan

programs.

C $5 million bond for stockpile disposal

passed by referendum in 1996.

C A $2.5 million contract has been

awarded for the remediation of a

stockpile containing approximately

20 million tires.

C As of April 1, 1991, scrap tire haulers are

required to be licensed, meet manifest

requirements, and show financial

responsibility.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C A permit is required if the tire

storage area is greater than

10,000 square feet.

C Permit requirements decrease

for storage areas less than

10,000 square feet. 

Exemptions are possible for

short-term storage and for

temporary use of portable tire

shredders.

C All scrap tire storage facilities

are covered under State solid

waste processing and disposal

regulations, and have the same

siting restrictions.

C A permit is required for scrap

tire processing facilities.

C No whole tires in landfills. C The State requires the purchase of

recycled materials if it is feasible and

environmentally sound. This includes

retread tires, chipped tires for road fill,

and rubberized asphalt.

C A report by the Department of

Transportation (DOT) was submitted to

the legislature in March 1990. The

subject was the use of ground tire rubber

as an additive to asphalt concrete.

C A DOT recycling project was established. 

It included a comprehensive review of

feasible alternatives for using recyclable

materials in construction. Ground rubber

from tires was one of several materials

specifically identified in the study.

C Pulp and paper mills have been licensed

to burn 40,000 tons per year of tirederived fuel.

C 17,000 tons of tire chips have been used

as lightweight fill in road construction in

1996-97.
xxii

MARYLAND

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Regulatory/Cleanup

Mary C. Richmond

Maryland Department of the 

Environment (MDE)

Waste Management Administration

Recycling Service Division

2500 Broening Highway

Building 40

Baltimore, Maryland 21224

Telephone: 410-631-3315

FAX: 410-631-3842

Demonstrations/Recycling

Rhody Holthaus

Maryland Environmental Services

Department of Natural Resources

2011 Commerce Park Drive

Annapolis, Maryland 21401

Telephone: 410-974-7254

FAX: 410-974-7236

C HB 1202, the Scrap Tire Recycling Act

enacted in 1991, regulates the proper disposal

of scrap tires. Requires licensing of scrap tire

recycling, collection, hauling, and tire-derived

fuel operations. Establishes a mechanism for

the cleanup of scrap tire stockpiles. Sets a fee

of $1/tire on new tire sales to fund the Scrap

Tire Program.

C COMAR 26.04.08 (1992) contains regulations

covering storage, collection, transferring,

hauling, recycling, and processing of scrap

tires.

C Maryland’s Scrap Used Tire Cleanup and Recycling

Fund was created by law. Funds are generated from

collection of the fee, penalties and cost recovery.

C As of February 1, 1992, the State has a tire recycling fee

of up to $1 to be collected by retail tire dealers on the

sale of a new tire in the State, including new tires sold as

part of a new or used vehicle. Dealers keep 1.2% of the

gross amount of the fee collected and give the

remainder to the Comptroller of the Treasury, who

transfers these fees to the Used Tire Cleanup and

Recycling Fund.

C The Used Tire Cleanup and Recycling Fund is used for:

- Cleaning up existing stockpiles of used tires;

- Establishing a tire recycling system;

- Assisting tire recycling projects;

- Providing financial assistance to recycling

companies; and

- Providing public education.

C Scrap tire collection facilities and haulers are required to

obtain licenses.

C Three types of collection facility licenses are available: 

General license for 50 scrap tires at any given time,

Secondary license for up to 1,500 tires, and Primary license

for more than 1,500 tires at any given time.

C Licenses are issued for 5 years (except for General).

C Scrap tire hauler license applicants must submit the number of

vehicles used to transport scrap tires; submit vehicle

identification and tag numbers for each vehicle; provide map

showing geographical area of service; identify all sites where

tires will be collected, delivered or transferred; and maintain

records on the origin, number, and destination of scrap tires

hauled.

C Scrap tire collection facilities are required to provide: the

maximum number of tires to be accumulated at a facility on a

daily basis, and at any given time; general facility information

and operation; scrap tire hauler information; and the final

destination of the scrap tires. The technical and storage

standard requirements may be applicable to collection

facilities.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Scrap Tire Recyclers are required to obtain a

license from MDE.

C Approvals are required for Tire-Derived Fuel and

Solid Waste Acceptance Facilities.

C Licenses and Approvals are issued for 5 years.

C Scrap tire recycling operation must submit a

complete proposal that includes detailed site plan,

tire processing capacities, maximum quantity of tires

at the facility, general facility information and

operation, and documentation for the availability of

tire product markets. The facility’s ability to meet

technical and operational standards for tire storage

is required if facility plans to accumulate scrap tires

in any form or configuration in excess of 15,000

cubic feet. Closure plans are also required for these

operations.

C Tire-derived fuel facilities’ requirements are similar

to recycling facilities’ except for market information.

C Solid waste facility approvals are granted by a

modification to the facility’s refuse disposal permit.

C Tires banned from all Maryland landfills

after January 1, 1994.

C If dealers, recyclers, or collectors do not

satisfy the requirements for selling or

disposing of the tires, they are required to

use a State-approved disposal system. 

The law allows the Secretary of the

Environment to take remedial action and/or

remove tires at any site if he or she

determines disposal may be carried out

improperly or in a way that threatens the

environment.

C State has a 5% price preference for

products containing recycled materials.

C Maryland Environmental Service Scrap

Tire Management Program to date

includes:

- Retreaded Tire Utilization Project;

- Remanufactured Tire Demonstration

Project;

- Promoting the use of tire chips as a

supplemental fuel in cement kilns;

- Researching the use of scrap tires in

asphalt and in composting;

- Catalog of products issued to

promote use of products

manufactured of scrap tire material;

- Tire reef project.

C Four companies are currently

participating in the Scrap Tire

Recycling System.

C The Maryland Environmental Service (MES) is responsible for

developing the statewide tire recycling system. This includes

establishing regional collection centers and haulers. The MES

is also setting up demonstration programs and distributing

money from the Used Tire Cleanup and Recycling Fund.

C State completed a market study for recyclables, including

tires, in 1990.

C As of 1998, eight scrap tire processing facilities are operating

and accepting significant quantities of tires. These operations

include four scrap tire recycling operations, three cement kilns

that utilize tires as supplemental fuel, and one waste-toenergy facility.

C With the cooperation of State agencies and volunteers, MDE

constructed five playgrounds using whole scrap tires in

Calvert Cliffs and Tuckahoe State Parks.

C Landfill Cap Demonstration Projects using tire chips are in

progress for Nicholson Road and Round Glade Landfills. 

These landfills are located in Kent and Garret Counties,

respectively.
xxiii

MASSACHUSETTS

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Judy Shope

Commonwealth of Massachusetts

Department of Environmental 

Protection (DEP)

Recycling Division

One Winter Street, 7th Floor

Boston, Massachusetts 02108-

4747

Telephone: 617-292-5597

FAX: 617-292-5778

C An Act to Protect the Environment and Public Health by

Proper Disposal of Certain Automotive Wastes was

reintroduced in 1992, attached to an omnibus recycling bill,

but did not pass. 

C As of October 1997, the House Ways and Means

Committee was considering a comprehensive scrap tire

management bill. This legislation would set fees for

retailers that would go to a dedicated fund for scrap tire

programs and includes grants and education programs.

C The Solid Waste Management Facility Regulations require

that storage, collection, processing, and disposal sites meet

permit criteria, such as proof of ownership; site location,

topography, and wetlands impact; site and pile dimensions;

number of tires received and processed; tire prevention

plans; and security measures.

C Recycling Loan Fund for tire reuse

projects.

C Massachusetts DEP does not regulate

solid waste haulers.

C Scrap tire collection facilities are exempt

from solid waste regulations if the facility

can demonstrate that the tires are being

recycled or reused.

C Collection sites must meet permit criteria.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Storage and processing

facilities are regulated as

handling facilities, and must

meet permitting criteria.

C Processing facilities are exempt

from solid waste regulations if

the facility can demonstrate that

the tires are being recycled or

reused.

C As of December 31, 1991, whole tires are banned from

disposal in landfills. Tires must be shredded prior to

disposal in landfills.

C Disposal sites must meet permit criteria.

C A 1988 Executive Order established

10% purchasing preference for buying

recycled products or goods with

recycled content. Initially targeted at

paper, plastic, aluminum, and compost;

the Executive Order allows a broader

list at discretion of purchasing agent.

C DEP staff working with an interagency

group to establish a contract for the

purchase of retread tires by State

agencies.

C Recycling Loan Fund is available for tire

reuse projects—funded one $150,000

loan to one tire processing facility.

C Funded Massachusetts Highway

Department (MHD) to increase its use

of recycled products in transportation

applications—included four applications

of crumb rubber.

C Successful test burn of tire chips

conducted in 1996 at NE Power

facility—Beneficial Use Permit (BUD)

granted to co-combust with coal.

C BUDs granted to use tire chips as landfill

cover.
xxiv

MICHIGAN

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Kyle Cruse

Michigan Department of 

Environmental Quality (DEQ)

Waste Management Division

P.O. Box 30241

Lansing, Michigan 48909

Telephone: 517-335-4757

FAX: 517-373-4797

E-mail: crusek@deg.state.mi.us

C Part 169 of the Natural Resources and

Environmental Protection Act (NREPA),

1994, P.A. 451, as amended (Part 169)

- A criminal statute provides for fines up

to $10/tire, 90 days in jail, and 100

hours of community service.

C Scrap tires, also subject to Part 115 of

the NREPA, as solid waste if not

managed in compliance with Part 169.

- Criminal, civil and administrative

remedies.

C A $0.50 tire disposal

surcharge on each certificate

of vehicle title. Moneys from

the surcharge are deposited

in the Scrap Tire Regulatory

Fund, established to

implement and enforce the

scrap tire regulations and

clean up “abandoned” scrap

tires on public and private

lands and tires accumulated

at collection sites prior to

January 1, 1991.

C Hauler must be registered in order to haul scrap tires.

C All scrap tire collection sites must register with the Department

of Environmental Quality and pay a $200/year registration fee.

C Uncovered tire collection sites with more than 500 scrap tires

are regulated.

C Transportation records, on forms approved by the Department,

are required from tire retailers and scrap tire haulers for each

load transported. Required record includes generator, hauler,

and destination information.

C Tire retailers must use registered scrap tire haulers for

contracted tire removal.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Scrap tires must not be stored in piles

greater than 15 feet in height, with

horizontal dimensions no greater than

200 by 40 feet with 30 foot spacing

between. 

C Tires must not be stored within 20 feet

of property line or within 60 feet of a

building or structure.

C Tires must be covered, shredded, or

sprayed to limit potential for mosquito

breeding.

C Bond, in the form of Surety Bond,

Irrevocable Letter of Credit, Certificate

of Deposit or Cash, is required for all

storage of tires to ensure removal. The

minimum bond requirements are as

follows: $25,000/1⁄4 acre for outdoor

storage, $2/square foot of indoor

storage, and $750/vehicle for storage in

trailers.

C Collection sites with an accumulation

over 100,000 tires must operate as a

processor to facilitate recycling by at

least shredding the tires.

C Tires may be landfilled at facilities

licensed under Part 115 of the NREPA or

stored in compliance with Part 169 (see

Storage and Processor Regulations).

C A 10% price preference is

available for recycled

products.

C There is a tire recycling

program that provides grants

to clean up public and private

tire collection sites that

existed prior to 1991.

C Since 1993, $2.7 million has

been granted to public and

private tire site owners to

remove and recycle more

than 2.25 million scrap tires.
xxv

MINNESOTA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Don Nelson

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Ground Water & Solid Waste 

Division

520 Lafayette Road

St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-8621

Telephone: 612-296-8621

FAX: 612-296-9707

E-mail: 

donald.nelson@pca.state.mn.us

Web site: 

http://www.pca.state.mn.us

C The Scrap Tire Law was passed in 1984. C A $4 tax on vehicle title transfers will be

in place for 2 more years. The Agency

also received $200,000 in tire

abatement funds for FY98-99.

C Transporter ID requirements and

enforcement policies have been

established and implemented.

C Tire retailers must accept as many scrap

tires from a customer as tires are sold to

that customer.

C Tire retailers may charge a disposal fee.

C Tire retailers may store up to 500 scrap

tires without a storage permit.

C Tire retailers are required to use only

scrap tire transporters that have a valid ID

number from the State.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Landfills are exempt from scrap

tire storage permits if they store 

no more than 10,000 waste

tires.

C Permitted waste tire transfer

facilities are allowed to

temporarily store and transfer

up to 10,000 scrap tires.

C Permitted processing facilities

can temporarily store, for

processing, up to 70,000 scrap

tires.

C Permitted storage facilities can

store up to 500,000 scrap tires.

C All facilities must provide

financial assurance to ensure

clean closure.

C Tires are banned from disposal in landfills. C No funding for grants and loans. C The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

published a study on leachate from the

disposal of tires in 1990.

C Minnesota Department of Transportation

and the University of Minnesota are

testing rubberized asphalt.

C In 1998, the approximate end uses of

waste tires from Minnesota processors

are 75% as tire-derived fuel; 20% as

lightweight fill material; and 5% as

consumer products.
xxvi

MISSISSIPPI

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Mark Williams

Mississippi Department of 

Environmental Quality

Special Waste Program

Office of Pollution Control

P.O. Box 10385

Jackson, Mississippi 39289-0385

Telephone: 601-961-5304

FAX: 601-354-6612

E-mail: 

mark_williams@deq.state.ms.us

C SB 2985, a bill addressing the disposal of batteries, tires,

and household hazardous waste, was passed in 1991.

C Scrap tire transportation regulations were adopted

December 19, 1991, and became effective in 1992.

C Scrap tire management regulations were finalized and

adopted in August 1992. The regulations include

requirements for collection sites, processing facilities, and

disposal sites and financial responsibility requirements for

agriculture, erosion control, or other alternative uses of

scrap tires.

C SB 2985 may be amended in 1993 to reduce county

governments’ scrap tire management obligation. This

would mean a reduction in funds available to counties. The

original bill forced counties to develop a scrap tire

management system for all scrap tires generated in the

county. Of 82 counties, 72 have some type of system in

place.

C Scrap tire grant regulations became effective July 1, 1992,

and establish eligibility and allocation of the Environmental

Protection Trust Fund.

C The 1997 Legislature included agricultural tires in the scrap

tire program, including tractor tires.

C A $1/tire fee on the retail sale of tires.

C The Environmental Protection Trust

Fund has been established. 

C As of January 1, 1992, scrap tire haulers

must be registered with the State and

must renew such certification annually.

C Tires may be deposited only at authorized

collection, processing, or disposal points.

C Transportation of tires must be certified by

using State manifest forms and keeping

records of transportation.

C A scrap tire collection site permit must be

obtained if you store more than 100 tires,

unless you are a retail outlet where you

can store up to 500 tires.

C As of January 1, 1992, scrap tire haulers/

collectors, generators and processors

must maintain manifest records of the

numbers of tires generated from a facility,

transported and processed, reused or

disposed.

C Tires must be cut, sliced, or shredded to

facilitate recycling or disposal.

C Financial assurance required of

processors and collectors.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Collection, processing, and

disposal sites must obtain

authorization to operate from

State DEQ.

C Processors must maintain

manifest records of the

numbers of tires generated from

a facility, transported and

processed, reused or disposed.

C Tires must be cut, sliced, or shredded prior to landfilling.

C Landfill ban on all tires set for January 1, 2000.

C Environmental Protection Trust Fund

can allocate:

- 30% for eligible counties and

regional solid waste disposal

authorities;

- 25% for recycling and demonstration

grants;

- 20% for abatement of illegal

stockpiles;

- Remainder for public education and

administration of the program.
xxvii

MISSOURI

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Dan Fester

Missouri Department of Natural 

Resources

Solid Waste Management Program

P.O. Box 176

Jefferson City, Missouri 65102

Telephone: 573-751-5401

FAX: 573-526-3902

C SB 530, an omnibus solid waste bill passed in August 1990. Includes

provisions for regulating tires.

C HB 438, passed in August 1990, establishes purchase preferences.

C SB 60-112 passed in August 1995. Includes more stringent

provisions for regulating tires and redirects funding priorities.

C Waste tire rules 10 CSR 80-8.010 (First Stage Permits), 10 CSR 80-

8.020 (Collection Centers), 10 CSR 80-8.030 (Hauler Permits) and

10 CSR 80-8.040 (Storage Site Permits) became effective July 8,

1991. Waste tire grant rule 10 CSR 80-9.030 became effective June

7, 1993.

C The following became effective December 30, 1997: waste tire rule

10 CSR 80-8.010 was rescinded; waste tire rules 10 CSR 80-8.020,

10 CSR 80-8.030, 10 CSR 80-8.040 and 10 CSR 80-9.030 were

amended; waste tire rules 10 CSR 80-8.050 (Processor Permits),

10 CSR 80-8.060 (End-User Registration) and 10 CSR 80-9.035

(Contract Cleanups) are new rules.

C There is a $0.50 per tire fee

on retail sales of new tires. 

Sixty-five percent of the funds

collected are to be used for

contract cleanups of tire

dump sites. Five percent of

the funds are to be used for

grants for end users of waste

tires. Five percent of the

funds are to be used for solid

waste education purposes

and 25% of the fund is to be

used to fund administrative

costs of the waste tire

program.

C Waste tire haulers who haul for

consideration are required to be permitted.

C Tire retailers and wholesalers can store

more than 500 tires but not for over 30

days and must use permitted haulers. 

Recordkeeping regarding the generation

and disposition of the tires is required.

C A hauler permit requires an annual $100

permit fee.

C Collection center may store up to 500

tires.

C A collection center that hauls its own tires

in vehicles driven by its own employees is

not required to obtain a hauler permit.

C A waste tire hauler must keep records of

the number of tires collected, the number

of tires delivered, and basic information

about the facility that accepts the tires.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Sites that store more than 500 tires must obtain a Waste Tire

Site permit from the Department of Natural Resources. Since

August 28, 1997, no new Waste Tire Sites are permitted unless

they are located at a permitted waste tire processing facility. 

Waste Tire Storage Sites in existence prior to August 28, 1997,

will not accept any quantity of additional waste tires unless the

site is part of a processing or end-user facility or unless the site

can verify that a number at least equal to the number of

additional tires received was shipped to a processing or enduser facility within 30 days after the receipt of the additional

tires.

C Processing facilities must be permitted by the Missouri

Department of Natural Resources.

C End-user facilities must be registered by the Missouri

Department of Natural Resources.

C Recordkeeping and inventory limits are required for both

processing and end-user facilities.

C Whole tires are banned from disposal

in landfills.

C Waste tire fee funds are available to

provide grants to businesses for

demonstration projects and for capital

expenditures for using waste tires as a

fuel or in a product.

C Contracts for nuisance abatement and

resource recovery activities are

authorized via statute and managed

through the State bidding process.

C Some funding is allocated for nonprofit

organizations that voluntarily clean up

waste tires in conjunction with

cleaning up land or water resources

for the disposal costs of the tires.

C A waste tire rules advisory

council on waste tires was

established to assist in the

development of waste tire rules

and grant criteria.
xxviii

MONTANA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Rick N. Thompson

State of Montana

Department of Environmental 

Quality

Community Services Bureau

Solid Waste Management Program

1520 E. 6th Avenue

P.O. Box 200901

Helena, Montana 59620-0901

Telephone: 406-444-5345

FAX: 406-444-1374

E-mail: rithompson@mt.gov

C Scrap tires are regulated under the Montana Solid Waste

Management Act and the Montana Motor Vehicle Recycling

and Disposal Act and the associated administrative rules. 

Both Acts were passed in 1977.

C Not addressed. C Collection sites must be licensed as a

solid waste management facility.

C Collected or stored scrap tires must be

shielded from public view.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Scrap tire collection/storage

facilities must be permitted and

licensed as solid waste

management facilities.

C Collected or stored scrap tires

must be shielded from public

view.

C Scrap tire disposal or resource

recovery facilities licensed after

July 1, 1997, must have

financial assurance for closure.

C Tires are currently accepted at landfills.

C Some landfills are beginning to charge differential fees for

whole versus split tires.

C A 25% tax credit is available to

businesses for the purchase of

recycling and processing equipment.

C Income tax credits are available to

individuals and corporations procuring

recycled products.

C State is instructed to purchase recycled

products whenever possible, but it is

not a mandate.
xxix

NEBRASKA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Ms. M.J. Rose

State of Nebraska

Department of Environmental 

Quality

Integrated Waste Management 

Section

P.O. Box 98922

Lincoln, Nebraska 68509-8922

Telephone: 402-471-4210

FAX: 402-471-2909

C LB 163, a waste reduction and recycling bill,

was passed in April 1990.

C LB 1257, the Integrated Solid Waste

Management Act, was passed in 1992.

C LB 444, passed in 1993, created the first

emphasis on scrap tire projects.

C LB 1034 created the Scrap Tire Reduction and

Recycling Incentive Fund and established

scrap tire management laws in 1994.

C LB 495 established new guidelines for grant

funds to better promote cleanup of scrap tire

piles and market development in 1996.

C Since October 1990, there has been a $1 tire fee on

the retail sale of new tires. The fee also applies to

new car sales. A second fee is assessed on the

retail sales of tangible personal property. Proceeds

from the two fees are deposited in the Waste

Reduction and Recycling Incentive Fund for grants

to political subdivisions for waste management

projects to further the goals of the legislation.

C In 1994, LB 1034 placed the revenue generated

from the $1 tire fee into a separate fund available for

scrap tire projects only. The tire fee will remain in

this separate fund until July 1, 1999, when it will go

back into the original Waste Reduction and

Recycling Incentive Fund. Scrap tire programs will

continue to have a priority for funding after the scrap

tire fund sunsets.

C LB 1257 provided 50% of a $1.25 per ton disposal

fee collected on waste going to municipal landfills. 

This fee became part of the Waste Reduction and

Recycling Incentive Grants Program.

C LB 1034 requires scrap tire haulers,

collectors, processors, and collection site

owners to be permitted. Additional

requirements include maintaining financial

assurance for closure costs and

submitting annual reports.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Title 136—Scrap Tire

Management Rules and

Regulations established a

maximum of 18 months for

storage of any one scrap tire

and no more than 300,000

scrap tires can be stored at any

one site. Collection sites must

also adhere to siting

requirements as established by

Title 153—Nebraska State Fire

Code Regulations.

C Since September 1, 1995, scrap tires have

been banned from landfills unless processed

into pieces 6 inches or smaller. Since

September 1, 1998, scrap tires are now

banned from landfills in any form.

C Grant funding is available for scrap tire cleanup; for

cost-sharing for processing, manufacturing, or civil

engineering uses; for partial reimbursement for the

purchase of tire-derived products; for studies; and

for capital and startup costs for processing,

manufacturing, collecting, or transporting tires.
xxx

NEVADA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Les Gould

State of Nevada

Division of Environmental 

Protection (NDEP)

Bureau of Waste Management

333 West Nye Lane

Carson City, Nevada 89706

Telephone: 702-687-4670

FAX: 702-687-6396

C Nevada Revised Statute (NRS 444.583), passed in 1991,

required NDEP to develop a plan for managing waste tires. 

Accordingly, the plan was developed.

C In 1994, regulations [Nevada Administrative Code (NAC)

444A.200-444A.470], were promulgated that:

S Established permit requirements for waste tire

management facilities; and

S Established registration/manifesting requirements for

commercial haulers.

C NRS 444A.090 established a fee of $1/tire sold at retail.

C There is a $1/tire charge on new tires

sold at retail. Funds are deposited in

Solid Waste Management Account to

implement State solid waste and

recycling programs.

C Hauler regulations include registration and

manifesting waste tires.

C Semiannual reporting.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Permits by Waste Tire

Management Facility Permits

program.

C Include operation and closure

regulations.

C Whole tire disposal allowed subject to approval of Solid

Waste Management Authority.

C A 10% price preference is given for

recycled products manufactured in

Nevada.

C A 5% price preference is given to all

other recycled products.
xxxi

NEW HAMPSHIRE

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Sharon Yergean

New Hampshire Department of 

Environmental Services

Waste Management Division

6 Hazen Drive

Concord, New Hampshire 03301

Telephone: 603-271-2900

FAX: 603-271-2456

C Automotive Waste Disposal Law (HB 322-FN-A,

Chapter 89-263) was passed in 1989.

C Solid Waste District Law (RSA 149-M:13I) requires towns/

districts to provide sites or access to sites for disposal of

residents’ tires.

C Towns are authorized to collect fees for

the collection and disposal of town

motor vehicle wastes including tires,

batteries, and used oil.

C Towns may request the Office of State

Planning to increase the town’s fees if

they prove insufficient to fund proper

management of motor vehicle wastes

under existing conditions.

C The transportation of tires, either whole or

shredded, is required to be accomplished

in such a manner as to prevent tire pieces

or whole tires from blowing or falling onto

the roadways.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Outdoor storage of tires at

collection sites must be in

accordance with height, width,

fire lane, and berm

specifications.

C Tires must be cut prior to landfilling.

C Tires may be disposed of by one of the following methods:

- Scrap tires may only be disposed of in a permitted

facility after being shredded, filled, or split to prevent

creeping; or

- No processing of scrap tires is required at facilities that

are capable of processing whole tires.

C Not addressed.
xxxii

NEW JERSEY

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Steven Rinaldi

New Jersey Department of 

Environmental Protection

Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste

Bureau of Recycling and Planning

P.O. Box 414

Trenton, New Jersey 08625-0414

Telephone: 609-984-3438

FAX: 609-777-0769

Web site:

http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycle

C The New Jersey Statewide Mandatory Source Separation and Recycling

Act, passed in 1987, addresses tire management.

C Regulations at NJAC 7:26A address solid waste recycling and contain

provisions relating to scrap tire recycling.

C Not addressed. C Transporters hauling solid waste must be

registered with the State.

C Transporters hauling source-separated

materials (e.g., tires) for recycling need

not register.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Facilities that recycle tires are

regulated as a recycling center

through an approval process, rather

than as a solid waste facility through a

permitting process.

C Regulations regarding scrap tire

processors and storage of scrap tires

were adopted November 18, 1991, as

part of general solid waste recycling

regulations, and were updated on

December 16, 1996.

C Tires must be taken to

permitted solid waste facilities,

approved tire recycling

centers, or sites operating

pursuant to an exemption from

the recycling center approval

process.

C Tires qualify for municipal

recycling tonnage grant credits.

C Industries purchasing new

recycling equipment may be

eligible for low interest loans.

C Legislation and Executive Order

require the procurement of

recycled products.

C The State’s Department of Transportation has conducted a number of

demonstration projects that utilize various mixes of rubber-modified

asphalt.

C The New Jersey Department of Treasury, in conjunction with the New

Jersey Department of Transportation and New Jersey Department of

Environmental Protection, issued a bid proposal for the furnishing of

light truck/commercial retread tires and service to all State agencies,

quasi-agencies and political participants in designated counties. As

part of the bid, tire casings are to be picked up by the vendor and

replaced with retreaded tires. Five vendors have been awarded

contracts to provide this service.

C The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency funded scrap tire recycling

demonstration project that New Jersey is overseeing will provide data

about the costs associated with removing scrap tires from stockpiles

into various end-market technologies. While this information will be

specific to remediation through rubberized asphalt, artificial reef

production and a process similar to pyrolysis, the three technologies

being studied, it will provide very useful data that the New Jersey

Department of Environmental Protection can use to recommend the

most cost-effective and environmentally benign processes for which

public funds can be expended in the remediation of tire piles in New

Jersey.

C The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection is currently

exploring scrap tire stockpile remediation strategies. The use of

inmate labor has been proposed by the New Jersey Department of

Corrections as a cost-effective approach to such projects.
xxxiii

NEW MEXICO

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Jerry Bober

New Mexico Environment 

Department

Solid Waste Bureau

1190 St. Francis Drive

P.O. Box 26110

Santa Fe, New Mexico 87502

Telephone: 505-827-2775

FAX: 505-827-2902

E-mail: jerry_bober@

nmenv.state.nm.us

C NMSA 1978 74-11-1 through 74-11-17, The Tire Recycling

Act, passed in 1994. 

C 20 NMAC 9.2, New Mexico Tire Recycling Regulations,

effective September 1, 1995. Provisions:

- Established a tire disposal fee on vehicle registrations;

- Provide for a Rubberized Asphalt Fund;

- Provide for a Tire Recycling Fund;

- Exempt dairy farmers from waste tire storage rules;

- Provide for reimbursement for the cost of illegal tire

dump abatement to Counties, Municipalities and

Cooperative Associations; and

- Provide for the reimbursement for the costs of

establishing tire recycling facilities.

C Funding is provided by an add-on fee to

each vehicle registration: 55% is

appropriated to the Tire Recycling

Fund; 45% is appropriated to the

Rubberized Asphalt Fund.

C All haulers must register with the

Environment Department.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Only a permitted or registered

Solid Waste Facility or a

permitted Tire Recycling Facility

is authorized to receive, collect,

store and process scrap tires.

C A permit and registration is

required for any person or

facility that:

- Processes or recycles more

than 1,000 scrap tires or

PTEs per year;

- Applies for or receives

compensation from the Tire

Recycling Fund;

- Stores more than 250 scrap

tires at any one time;

- Uses more than 250 scrap

tires in a single civil

engineering application.

C No person shall dispose of scrap tires in a place other than

those places permitted or regulated under the Solid Waste

Act.

C A 5% price preference is provided for

products containing recycled content

procured by State agencies.

C Split tires are used to contain landfill cell

liners at the City of Albuquerque landfill.

C New Mexico’s tire recycling program

centers around the use of tire balers.

C Operational Tire Baling Centers:

- Grant County;

- Otero County;

- McKinley/Cibola Counties;

- Socorro;

- Las Cruces;

- Santa Fe;

- Bernalillo County;

- Eddy County.

C There is one permitted Tire Recycling

Center:

- Southwest Tire Processors

C Rubberized Asphalt Projects:

- Approximately eight highway projects

utilizing 135 tons of crumb rubber

modifier were completed in 1997.
xxxiv

NEW YORK

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Chris Glander

New York State

Department of Environmental 

Conservation (DEC)

Division of Solid & Hazardous 

Waste

Bureau of Waste Reduction & 

Recycling

50 Wolf Road, Room 212

Albany, New York 12233-7253

Telephone: 518-457-3966

FAX: 518-457-1283

E-mail: christian.glander@

dec.mailnet.state.ny.us

C State Regulations for Solid Waste regulate waste tire

storage and processing facilities.

C An amendment to Chapter 226 (Section 27-0303) of the

Environmental Conservation Law, passed in 1990,

designated commercial waste tires as a regulated waste. 

Commercial waste tires are defined as waste tires that are

transported for a fee for the purpose of reuse, recycling, or

disposal.

C Transporters of commercial waste tires

must register with the DEC.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Waste tire storage requirements

depend upon number of waste

tires stored.

C No person shall engage in

storing 1,000 or more waste

tires at a time without a permit.

C Storage permit requirements

cover waste tire pile size,

dimensions and fire controls.

C Disposal of whole tires in any landfill is prohibited. C The Department of Economic

Development administers low-interest

loan and grant programs for tire

recycling.

C The New York State Energy Research

and Development Authority

(NYSERDA) invests in projects to

develop, demonstrate or evaluate

innovative and energy-efficient

equipment, technologies, processes

and other methods for managing all

types of solid waste.
xxxv

NORTH CAROLINA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Ernest Lawrence

State of North Carolina

Department of Environment, 

Health, and Natural Resources

(DEHNR)

Solid Waste Section, Division of

Waste Management

401 Oberlin Road, Suite 150

P.O. Box 27687

Raleigh, North Carolina 27605-

1350

Telephone: 919-733-0692, ext. 274

FAX: 919-733-4810

E-mail: lawrenceg@

wastenot.ehnr.state.nc.us

Web site: 

http://wastenot.ehnr.state.nc.us

C SB 111, passed in 1989, requires each county to provide a

place for disposal of scrap tires.

C Tires presented for disposal must be accompanied with a

scrap tire certification form signed by generator and hauler.

C As of January 1, 1990, a 1% tax on new

tire sales was levied. The fee was

increased to 2% for tires less than 20

inches in 1993. Major portion of the

fund goes to:

- Counties for tire collection and

disposal;

- Cleanup of nuisance sites.

C Counties are not allowed to impose

tipping fees for tires that are certified as

generated in North Carolina.

C Scrap tire haulers must register with the

Solid Waste Section of the DEHNR and

obtain a hauler identification number.

C Counties must provide a site for tire

collection.

C Collection sites require permit from Solid

Waste Section of DEHNR.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C The number of scrap tires

stored at a scrap tire collection

site must not exceed the stated

number of scrap tires shipped

off-site per month plus the

stated number of scrap tires

disposed of on-site per month. 

At no time can more than

60,000 scrap tires be stored.

C Tires must be shredded or sliced prior to landfilling. C Funds for reimbursement to improve

the use of recycled products.

C North Carolina Department of

Transportation is evaluating the use of

tires in constructing retaining walls and

the use of crumb rubber in asphalt.
xxxvi

NORTH DAKOTA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Steve Tillotson

North Dakota Department of Health

Division of Waste Management

P.O. Box 5520

Bismarck, North Dakota 58506-

5520

Telephone: 701-328-5166

FAX: 701-328-5200

E-mail: 

ccmail.stillots@ranch.state.nd.us

C Solid Waste Management rules have been adopted and

went into effect December 1, 1992. The rules address

scrap tire storage.

C A portion of the State’s $2/new vehicle

sale fee for cleanup of abandoned

vehicles may be used to clean up tire

piles.

C Haulers must have a waste hauler permit

and identify a legitimate recycling or

disposal facility.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Tire piles of more than 1,300

tires must be in compliance with

regulations governing pile

dimensions, control of access,

fire control, run-on/run-off

control systems, and financial

assurance.

C Tire piles of more than 1,300

tires must have a solid waste

management permit.

C Tire piles with a base area

exceeding 10,000 square feet

must comply with liner

requirements.

C Not addressed. C Not addressed. C A new tire-derived fuel company, Waste

Not Recycling, is processing tires in

central North Dakota. The TDF is burned

at a local utility.
xxxvii

OHIO

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Bob Large

Ohio Environmental Protection

Agency

Division of Solid and Infectious

Waste Management

Scrap Tire Management Unit

1800 Watermark Drive

P.O. Box 1049

Columbus, Ohio 43216-1049

Telephone: 614-644-2621

FAX: 614-728-5315

C House Bill 592, the State Solid Waste law, became

effective in June 1988 and defined waste tires as a solid

waste.

C Senate Bill 165, the State Scrap Tire law, became

effective in October 1993, substituted the term scrap tire

for waste tire, and established a comprehensive

structure for regulating scrap tire collection, storage,

recovery, monofill, and monocell facilities and scrap tire

transporters.

C Regulations to implement Senate Bill 165 were adopted

and became effective in March 1996. 

C Regulation was developed to define approval of

beneficial uses of scrap tires - Ohio Administrative Code

(OAC) 3745-27-78.

C Regulations were developed governing cleanup actions

after a scrap tire fire - OAC 3745-27-79.

C A $0.50 fee was placed on

each new tire sold at the

wholesale level; the funds from

this fee are designated for

stockpile abatement, grants

and loans to scrap tire facilities,

program administration, and

research at the University of

Akron.

C Sellers and other generators are required to utilize registered

transporters for the scrap tires they generate.

C Transporters are required to register annually with the OEPA and

post $20,000 in financial assurance.

C All scrap tire transportation must be documented on State approved

shipping papers.

C Collection facilities are required to obtain a registration from OEPA

and a license from the approved health department.

C Collection facilities are defined as facilities that accept whole scrap

tires from the public and store them only in portable containers with a

total storage volume limited to 5,000 cubic feet.

C Tires will only be delivered to licensed scrap tire facilities (collection,

storage, recovery, monofill, or monocell) or to approved beneficial

use sites.

C All scrap tire transporters and facilities must file an annual report on

scrap tires handled, processed, or disposed.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Storage and recovery (processors and recyclers)

facilities are required to obtain a registration or permit

from OEPA and a license from the approved health

department.

C Storage and recovery facilities must post financial

assurance to cover the costs of closure.

C Individual storage piles are limited to 2,500 square feet

in base area and 14 feet in height.

C Fire lanes at least 50 feet wide are required on all

sides of outdoor storage piles.

C A registered storage facility is limited to 10,000 square

feet of scrap tire storage.

C A permitted storage facility is limited to 3 acres of

effective scrap tire storage and must be owned by

someone who also owns or operates a recovery

monocell, or monofill facility.

C All scrap tire transporters and facilities must file an

annual report on scrap tires handled, processed, or

disposed.

C Since March 1, 1996, whole tires have been banned from

solid waste landfills.

C Since March 1, 1997, cut and shredded tires have been

banned from disposal in solid waste landfills.

C Tire monofills require liners, leachate collection, weekly

cover, and final cap.

C Tire monocell requirements vary based on their location in

the host sanitary landfill.

C Scrap tire monocells and monofills must obtain a permit to

install these facilities from OEPA and a license from the

approved health department and post- financial assurance

for closure and post-closure care.

C All scrap tire transporters and facilities must file an annual

report on scrap tires handled, processed, or disposed of.

C Loans and limited grants are available

to scrap tire businesses through the

Ohio Department of Development

77 S. High Street, 28th Floor

P.O. Box 1001

Columbus, Ohio 43266-0101

Telephone: 800-848-1300

FAX: 614-644-1789

Point of Contact: Mr. Brad

Biggs

C Mosquito control is required of

all scrap tire transporters and

scrap tire facilities.
xxxviii

OKLAHOMA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Craig Belair or Brad Fleming

Oklahoma State Department of

Environmental Quality

Solid Waste Division

1000 NE Tenth Street

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73117-

1212

Telephone: 405-745-7121 (Belair)

405-745-7122 (Fleming)

FAX: 405-745-7133

C Oklahoma Waste Tire Recycling Act (27A Part 4 of the

Oklahoma Statutes Annotated) was enacted July 1, 1989.

C A $3.50/tire surcharge on new truck

tires in addition to a $1/tire surcharge

on new and used tire sales is in effect. 

Monies from the surcharge are

deposited in the Waste Tire Indemnity

Fund to help eliminate stockpiles of

tires and to promote recycling by

reimbursing facilities that process scrap

tires.

C Tire haulers and transporters are not

regulated.

C Collectors of more than 50 tires must be

permitted by the State Department of

Environmental Quality.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C A site storing, collecting, or

disposing of more than 50 tires

must be permitted by the State

Department of Environmental

Quality. This does not apply to

tire manufacturers, retailers,

wholesalers, or retreaders who

store 2,500 or fewer used tires.

C Processors must be permitted

by the Oklahoma State

Department of Environmental

Quality and must document that

at least 10% of the tires

processed came from illegal tire

dumps identified by the

Oklahoma State Department of

Environmental Quality to

participate in the State’s

reimbursement programs.

C Tires must be cut before being disposed of in a landfill. C Oklahoma State Department of

Environmental Quality permitted waste

tire processing facilities are eligible for

reimbursement at a rate of $0.50/tire, if

they demonstrate that 10% of the tires

processed at their facility are from

designated illegal tire dumps.

C Oklahoma State Department of

Environmental Quality permitted waste

tire processing facilities are eligible for

an additional $0.35/tire reimbursement

if they demonstrate that their facility is

providing pickup and transportation of

waste tires from each and every county

of the State on a regular basis.

C Riverbank stabilization projects are

eligible for $1.50 per truck tire when:

- The tire measures greater than 17.5"

rim diameter;

- Tires come from dump sites on the

priority enforcement list; and

- Tires are placed in a riverbank

stabilization project permitted by the

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers or local

conservation district.
xxxix

OREGON

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Bob Guerra

Oregon Department of 

Environmental Quality

Hazardous and Solid Waste

Division

201 W. Main, Suite 2D

Medford, Oregon 97501

Telephone: 541-776-6010, ext: 236

FAX: 541-776-6262

E-mail: bobguerra@state.or.us

C HB 2022 Waste Tire Law, passed in 1987 and enacted in

January 1988, set up a self-funded comprehensive program

for waste tires. The Law regulates the transportation,

storage, and landfilling of waste tires.

C SB 66, passed in 1991, effective July 1, 1991, banned

disposal of tires at landfills.

C HB 2246, passed 1991:

- Extended tire fee to October 1, 1992;

- Extended reimbursement for use of scrap tires to June

30, 1993;

- Gives DEQ authority to regulate tire product piles;

- Expedited abatements; and

- Restricted carrier permit requirement to those who haul

for hire.

C A $1/tire disposal tax on the sale of new

tires. The monies were used to clean

up tire piles. Tire fee ended October 1,

1992.

C Anyone transporting more than 4 tires

commercially must be licensed with DEQ.

C Tire dealers with more than 1,500 scrap

tires on-site must have storage permit.

C Generators are allowed to haul scrap tires

generated at their facility without a permit

but they must maintain documentation of

their disposal.

C All common carriers transporting waste

tires over Oregon roads are required to

obtain a Waste Tire Carrier Permit.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C A facility that stores more than

99 tires on-site must have a

storage site permit, unless it

has been granted a beneficial

use permit by DEQ.

C Retreading facilities that have

more than 3,000 tires on-site

must have a storage permit.

C Since July 1, 1991, whole tires have been

banned from landfills.

C The tire disposal tax is used to promote the use of

waste tires by subsidizing markets for waste tires or

chips.

C Under a former Oregon demonstration

program:

- Two rubber modified paving projects

were approved and completed in 1990;

- A project was conducted by the Oregon

State Highway Division using tire chips

as a light fill; 

- Demonstration projects were conducted

by the Department of Environmental

Quality and the Metropolitan Service

District to test rubber from waste tires in

paving projects using generic

specifications for rubber-modified

asphalt concrete suitable to Oregon’s

climate and paving practices;

- Tire-derived fuel was used in two paper

mills and one cement kiln; and 

- Oregon-produced tire-derived fuel was

used in three out-of-state cement kilns. 
xl

PENNSYLVANIA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Tom Woy

Pennsylvania Department of

Environmental Protection

Bureau of Land Recycling and

Waste Management

P.O. Box 8472

400 Market St.

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17105-

8472

Telephone: 717-787-7381

FAX: 717-787-1904

Web site: www.dep.state.pa.us

C Existing tire regulations were adopted under the Solid

Waste Management Act of 1980. Residual waste regulation

became effective in 1992.

C A regulatory change in 1992 redesignated tires as a residual

waste rather than a municipal solid waste.

C A $1/tire fee on new tire sales was

established in 1992, under the

Recycling and Planning Act of 1988. 

These monies have been redirected to

fund mass transit systems in the State.

C No specific regulations.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Waste tire processing facilities

are permitted under a general

permit.

C Current requirements include

access control, hazard

prevention, nuisance control,

recordkeeping, reporting, and

site closure. Isolation distances

are required between piles.

C Limits set on pile size, height,

and width.

C Storage of scrap tires for over 1

year is considered disposal and

is subject to permit

requirements, including pile

size, fire lanes, and placement.

C Disposal of whole waste tires in the State of Pennsylvania is

prohibited.

C A 5% price preference for State

purchase of supplies that meet recycled

content requirements.

C A $1 million Environmental Technology

Fund offers low interest loans for

recycling research and development

projects and for funding new recycling

equipment.

C Pennsylvania Department of

Transportation laid two rubber-modified

asphalt paving projects in 1998.

C The State has a policy that suggests the

use of whole tires over a landfill cover

system to mitigate the problem of tires

floating in landfills.
xli

RHODE ISLAND

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler

Regulations

Stephen Morin

Department of Environmental

Management

235 Promenade Street

Providence, Rhode Island 02908

Telephone: 401-277-2771, ext.

 2401

FAX: 401-277-3162

Dante Ionata

Resource Recovery Corp.

65 Shun Pike

Johnson, Rhode Island 02919

Telephone: 401-942-1430

FAX: 401-946-5174

C RIGL 37-15.1, “Hard-to-Dispose Material - Control and

Recycling,” applies to scrap tires.

C Solid waste management facility regulations apply to tire

dumps and regulate size of piles, fire control measures, etc.

C RIGL 23-63, “Vehicle Tire Storage and Recycling,” enacted

in 1992, established a $5 deposit on each new vehicle tire

purchased and provided for a full refund to the consumer

upon return of used tires. This deposit system became

effective January 1, 1993.

C January 1, 1990, a $0.50/tire tax on new tire sales

was imposed. Revenues are deposited in a “Hard-toDispose Material Account” along with monies from

surcharges on other “hard-to-dispose” wastes

included in the bill. The State generates $3

million/year from the fees to fund educational and

technical assistance programs for collection,

marketing, recycling, reuse, reduction, and safe

disposal of “hard-to-dispose materials”; to establish

grant and research programs; to survey, track, and

monitor hard-to-dispose materials; and to establish

regional collection centers for hard-to-dispose

materials.

C Tire recyclers are assessed an initial license fee of

$50 and an annual renewal fee of $25.

C Since January 1, 1993, the Rhode Island Port

Authority is required to have a tire site remediation

account funded by an additional $0.75/tire tax on new

tire sales.

C Ninety percent of the funds in the tire remediation

account will be used for the cleanup, recycling, and

disposal of existing tire piles; 10% may be used to

assist municipalities with collection and proper

disposal of waste tires.

C No specific regulations.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Facilities storing more than 400

tires must obtain a license from

the Department of

Environmental Management.

C Tire recycling or recovery

businesses must be licensed by

the Department of

Environmental Management.

C Disposal of scrap tires is restricted to one of three methods:

- Facilities operated by the State Solid Waste

Management Corporation;

- Licensed privately operated tire storage, recycling, or

recovery facilities; or

- Transport to an out-of-state recycling facility.

C Burning of scrap tires within the State is banned.

C Exporting tires for burning as fuel outside the State and

within 30 miles of any reservoir watershed for Rhode Island

can occur only after the DEM receives written assurance

that the burning facility meets all applicable State and

Federal pollution control standards.

C The Hard-to-Dispose Material Account funds

educational and technical assistance programs for

collection, marketing, recycling, reuse, reduction, and

safe disposal of hard-to-dispose materials, including

scrap tires.
xlii

SOUTH CAROLINA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Celeste Duckett

South Carolina Bureau of Land and

Waste Management

Division of Solid Waste Planning

and Recycling

2600 Bull St.

Columbia, South Carolina 29201

Telephone: 803-896-4226

FAX: 803-896-4001

E-mail:

ducketcw@columb34.dhec.state.sc.us

C South Carolina’s Solid Waste Policy and

Management Act of 1991 (SB 388 and HB 3096)

contains provisions for a $2/tire tax on the sale

of new tires that became effective in November

1991.

C The Act establishes a 10-member Waste Tire

Committee.

C The Act requires State and county solid waste

plans to include a section on waste tires.

C Department of Health and Environmental Control

(DHEC) is required to establish regulations for

permitting/registering collectors, processors,

haulers, and disposers of waste tires. These

regulations were promulgated in 1993.

C For every new tire sold in the State a fee of $2

is collected by the tire retailer. The retailer may

keep 3% for administrative costs. In addition,

the retailer may keep $1 for every old tire that

he or she sends to a permitted waste tire

recycling/disposal facility. The remainder is

sent by the retailer to the State Treasurer’s

Office.

C Forty-four cents of the $2 goes into the

SCDHEC Waste Tire Fund (part of the Solid

Waste Trust Fund) for grants to local

governments. The Waste Tire Fund may be

used for grants to local governments for the

remediation of stockpiled waste tires, to

construct or operate a tire-derived-fuel facility,

to construct or operate a waste tire treatment

facility, to contract for waste tire treatment

services, to contract for the removal of waste

tires or to perform research designed to

facilitate waste tire recycling or disposal.

C The remainder (up to $1.50/tire) is allocated to

the counties directly by the Department of

Revenue on a per capita basis. This money is

allocated on a quarterly basis and is to be used

by the counties for waste tire management

purposes only.

C Prohibits counties from charging additional

disposal fees except for oversize and out-ofstate tires.

C Counties are required to establish waste

tire collection sites within 12 months of

promulgation of regulations.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C The Department of Health and

Environmental Control currently has

mandatory guidelines for scrap tire

storage.

C Requires owners and operators of

waste tire sites to notify the South

Carolina Department of Health and

Environmental Control of the site’s

location, size, and number of tires

accumulated.

C Bans whole waste tires from disposal at

landfills.

C New tire retailers may keep 3% of the $2 State

fee for administrative costs and $1 for every old

tire they send to a permitted waste tire

recycling/disposal facility.
xliii

SOUTH DAKOTA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Vonni Kallemeyn

South Dakota Department of

Environment and Natural

Resources (DENR)

Waste Management Program

Foss Building

523 East Capital

Pierre, South Dakota 57501-3181

Telephone: 605-773-3153

FAX: 605-773-6035

C Waste tire law was passed and became effective July 1,

1992.

C Amendments became effective on July 1, 1996.

C DENR prepared a waste tire study for the Legislature by

January 1, 1993. 

C Registration fee of $0.25/tire per vehicle

(not to exceed $1/vehicle). Fees are

remitted to the State to develop a grant

fund for tire recycling end uses. The

incineration of tires in waste-to-energy

units does not qualify for grant funds. 

C No specific regulations.

C Effective July 1, 1998, haulers of waste

tires are responsible for transporting

waste tires to a DENR-approved collection

or processing site.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Storage facilities must have a

solid waste permit.

C Tire handlers permitted by

DENR to process tires may

accumulate up to 100,000 tires

annually before removal. 

Accumulated tires must be

removed annually.

C Financial assurance is required

at $2 per tire.

C Tires must be cut into at least four pieces or shredded prior

to landfilling.

C Open burning of tires is prohibited.

C State grant fund for tire recycling end

uses, including funding of tire-derived

fuel programs. The incineration of tires

in waste-to-energy units does not

qualify for grant funds. 

C Waste Management Program and South

Dakota DOT are working to develop civil

engineering applications for shredded

tires.
xliv

TENNESSEE

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Alan Ball

Tennessee Department of

Environment and Conservation

Division of Solid Waste Assistance

401 Church Street, L&C Tower

14th Floor

Nashville, Tennessee 37243-0455

Telephone: 615-532-0090

Fax: 615-532-0231

Web site: 

www.state.tn.us/environment/swa

C State Solid Waste Management Planning Act [Tennessee

Code Annotated (TCA) 68-211-801] was passed in 1991. It

requires the Department of Environment and Conservation

(DEC) to purchase mobile shredders and operate them

throughout the State to process segregated and temporarily

stored tires at landfills, or for the DEC to contract with a

shredding service.

C TCA 68-211-831 was amended in 1996 to allow the State to

spend money to clean up unpermitted waste tire dumps.

C TCA amended (by SB 1729/HB 1885) in 1998 to:

- Identify beneficial end uses for waste tires to be eligible

for grant reimbursement;

- Authorize the DEC to enter into contracts with

companies that recycle tires;

- By 2000, limit tipping fees or waste tires in counties that

receive DEC grants;

- Ban landfilling of tire shreds by 2002.

C Since July 1, 1998, fees on waste

disposal in Class I landfills and

incinerators are $0.75/ton. Fees on

new tire sales ($1/tire) became effective

October 1991. State of Tennessee

collects all fees.

C Prohibits counties from imposing

additional disposal fees or surcharges

on tires above the tipping fee for regular

garbage.

C By January 1995, each county must

establish at least one waste tire collection

site.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Rule 1200-1-7-.04 governs

storage and disposal.

C Facility must have a permit.

C Since January 1, 1995, whole tires have been banned from

disposal in landfills.

C Effective the year 2002 tire shreds will be banned from

landfills.

C State grant program for county

governments to find beneficial end uses

for their tires in lieu of State provided

shredding service.

C Grant reimbursement for beneficial end

uses of waste tires.

C Under the provisions of the law, the DEC

has contracted with a private shredding

service to process tires at county

collection sites.

C Four industries are burning tires or tirederived fuel.

- Signal Mountain Cement Company;

- Bowater Inc. (pulp mill); 

- The Tennessee Valley Authority’s

Allen Fossil Plant; and

- South Down, Inc. (cement kiln).
xlv

TEXAS

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Debbra Bohl (MC-125)

Closed Landfills and Automotive

 Wastes

Texas Natural Resource 

Conservation Commission

P.O. Box 13087

Austin, Texas 78711-3087

Telephone: 512-239-6695

FAX: 512-239-6015

Prerecorded Information Line: 

1-888-892-7833

Web site: www.tnrcc.state.tx.us

C No new legislation passed in 1997. Majority of waste tire

recycling statutes expired December 31, 1997.

C Health and Safety Code, Article 5, Subchapter P - Waste

Tire Recycling Program expired December 31, 1997.

C Health and Safety Code, Article 5, Subchapter C, Section

361.112 - Storage, Transportation, Disposal of Used or

Scrap Tires remains in effect.

C $2 waste tire recycling fee was repealed, effective

December 31, 1997.

C $0.80 per waste tire unit reimbursement to processors and

waste tire energy recovery facilities was repealed, effective

December 31, 1997.

C $9 million available for the remediation

of illegal waste tire dumps. Funding

administered through competitive bid

process.

C Tire generators, transporters, storage and

processing facilities must be registered by

the State.

C Waste tire generators may be charged for

collection, recycling, and/or disposal

costs.

C Annual reports must be submitted to the

State.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C If over 500 scrap tires are

stored on public or private

property, the site must be

registered with the State and

have a site identification

number.

C Processors must be registered

with the State of Texas.

C Illegal tire dumps identified by

the State prior to December 31,

1997 will be eligible for Statefunded cleanup.

C Previous disposal prohibition on tires expired December 31,

1997.

C All tires that are disposed of must be split, quartered, or

shredded.

C No State-funded incentives. Free

market for collection, processing, and

disposal of scrap tires.

C Currently revising rules to reflect

expiration of tire statutes.
xlvi

UTAH

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Wade Hansen

Utah State Department of

Environmental Quality

288 North 1460 West

Salt Lake City, Utah 84114-4880

Telephone: 801-538-6751

FAX: 801-538-6715

C SB 5, passed in May 1990, established a per-tire graduated

tax.

C Local health departments have authority over the

management of waste tires.

C Since July 1, 1997, there is a $0.50 per

tire tax on all tire sales including new

car sales. Monies will be deposited in a

recycling fund.

C All haulers and collectors must keep

records illustrating how many tires are

picked up, how many tires are disposed of

and where.

C All haulers and collectors must be

registered.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C All storage and processing

facilities have to be licensed

through the Health Department. 

Facilities storing more than

1,000 tires are required to

furnish bonds, comply with local

zoning and tire ordinances, and

are strictly limited as to how

many tires can be stored at any

one time. The Health

Department enforces a manifest

system to regulate tire

collection.

C Not addressed. C Recyclers (end users) can receive up to

$70 per ton for the use of tire-derived

materials in manufactured products and

in TDF. The end user incentive is

administered through local health

departments.
xlvii

VERMONT

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Waste

James Surwilo

State of Vermont 

Department of Environmental Conservation

Solid Waste Management Program

103 South Main Street, West Building

Waterbury, Vermont 05671-0407

Telepone: 802-241-3481

FAX: 802-241-3296

Recycling

Carol Grodinsky

State of Vermont

Department of Environmental Conservation

Environmental Assistance Division

Laundry Building

Waterbury, Vermont 05671-0411

Telephone: 802-241-3477

FAX: 802-241-3273

C Although there is no legislation specific to tires,

scrap tire management is addressed as part of

other environmental legislation.

C The State legislature is currently

investigating recommendations of the

State Solid Waste Management

Program, published in 1989, to develop

and propose a disposal/deposit charge

on tires at a rate high enough to

encourage the return of tires to dealers

and to fund scrap tire management

programs. 

C Scrap tires are considered a solid waste. 

As such, commercial scrap tire haulers

need a waste hauling permit.

Storage and Processor

Regulations

Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Storage facilities and

processors need a permit.

C Since January 1, 1992, all tires

have been banned from

disposal in landfills.

C Landfills will be allowed to

continue accepting tires if the

facility functions as a tire

recycling facility or a transfer

station.

C A 5% price preference is

authorized for products

containing recycled materials.

C A higher price preference is

allowed if State entities that will

use the product agree on the

higher price.

C Market development grants are

provided to the private sector for

the development of new products

that may stimulate in-State

demand for recyclable materials.

C Grants are available to publicly

owned entities for the capital

costs of tire recycling equipment

and programs.

C The Agency of Transportation has used tire chips in several projects for slope

stabilization and has done some experimental work using asphalt rubber surface

treatment. Tires have also been allowed to be used for riverbank and slope

stabilization work in several areas, but only above low water level elevations and

where environmental concerns are minimal.

C A study was commissioned entitled “A Report on the Use of Shredded Scrap

Tires in On-Site Sewage Disposal Systems.” Effective in 1992, the State

approved the use of tire chips in place of crushed stone in septic systems that

have a preapproved design that includes a monitoring system.

C The State approves the use of whole tires for retaining walls on a case-by-case

basis.

C Tire chips were used successfully as lightweight backfill for a timber binwall. 

The binwall was about 400 feet in length and about 10 feet high. Approximately

7,200 cubic yards of tire chips (300,000 tires’ worth) were used as backfill.

C Tire chips are generally approved for applications that make use of their unique

properties (i.e., light weight, cushioning, transmissivity).

C In 1998, the State Department of Environmental Conservation built a leach field

using tire chips in place of stone and will monitor the effluent for 3 years.
xlviii

VIRGINIA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Allan Lassiter

Waste Tire Program Manager

Virginia Department of

Environmental Quality (DEQ)

P.O. Box 10009

Richmond, Virginia 23240

Telephone: 804-698-4215

FAX: 804-698-4224

C 1989—the Waste Tire Act was passed which directed the

DEQ to develop and implement a plan to manage waste

tires and set a $0.50 tax on the retail sale of tires, the

proceeds of which are dedicated to the Waste Tire Trust

Fund.

C 1993—General Assembly enacted End User

Reimbursement Program, using Oregon’s program as a

model.

C 1994—Current Waste Tire Plan enacted.

C 1995—General Assembly enacted Strict Liability for tire fire

damage on the property owner.

C 1996—General Assembly established as a Class 6 felony

the storing of more than 500 tires without a DEQ permit.

C 1997—General Assembly determined that storing 100 to

499 tires without a DEQ permit would be a misdemeanor.

C The $0.50 per tire tax on new tire sales

that was to sunset on December 31,

1994, has been extended with no

expiration date.

C Voluntary registration system for haulers

(75 registered as of 1998).

C Voluntary use of Waste Tire Certification

for tracking tires.

C Certified waste tire collection sites

operated by localities or solid waste

districts (48 certified as of 1998).

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Tire piles at recycling sites may

not exceed 1,000 tires without a

permit.

C Storage of more than 100 tires

requires a permit for storage

longer than 90 days.

C Most processors need an MRF

facility permit under Virginia’s

Solid Waste Management

Regulations.

C Since 1988 whole tires have been banned from landfills.

C Tires that are sliced into two pieces or shredded may be

landfilled.

C User Reimbursement Program

achieved beneficial use for 5,830,300

tires in 1995 and 7,606,200 tires in

1996 with end user payments of

$1,705,575 in 1995 and $2,210,196 in

1996.

C The Advisory Committee and DEQ

developed a four-year, $14.7 million,

management program consisting of

regional tire collection and processing

programs, the end user reimbursement

system and six demonstration waste tire

pile cleanups.

C In 1993 a Statewide tire pile survey

documented 731 tire piles containing an

estimated 17,600,000 tires at an

estimated cleanup cost of $32 million.

C Stockpile cleanups continue at a steady

pace. In 1997, 37 piles containing

4,665,400 tires were cleaned up under

End User Reimbursements (only); and six

cleanup demonstrations cleaned up

2,866,500 tires for a combined total of 43

sites and 7,531,900 passenger tire

equivalents (PTE’s).
xlix

WASHINGTON

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Randy Martin

Washington Department of Ecology

(DOE)

Solid Waste and Financial

Assistance

Mail Stop 47600

P.O. Box 47600

Olympia, Washington 98504-7600

Telephone: 360-407-6136

FAX: 360-407-6102

C Washington Administrative Code 173-304-420 addresses

storage of scrap tires.

C The tire fee on the retail sale of new

tires sunsetted October 1994.

C Haulers must pay a $250/year license fee

and must document delivery of scrap tires

under provisions of the current scrap tire

law.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C A permit from the local

jurisdiction is necessary for tire

piles of more than 800 tires.

C Storage yard owners must

develop site plans with local fire

departments for fire control.

C Storage yard owners must

comply with size and enclosure

requirements.

C Site owners must document

delivery of scrap tires.

C The State’s combustor rules limit the number of tons of

solid waste that can be burned in incinerators or industrial

boilers that are not solid waste combustion facilities to 12

tons/day. These rules apply to tire fuels and equal 50

tires/hour.
l

WEST VIRGINIA

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Paul Benedun

West Virginia Division of

Environmental Protection

Office of Waste Management

1356 Hansford Street

Charleston, West Virginia 25301

Telephone: 304-558-6350

FAX: 304-558-1574

C October 1991 Special Section. SB 18 - Chapter 20, Article

11, Section 8, effective June 1, 1993, bans the disposal of

waste tires in landfills. 

C Not addressed. C Regulated by West Virginia Public Service

Commission.

C Haulers must obtain a certificate from the

West Virginia Public Service Commission.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C No more than 500 waste tires

can be stored unless a facility or

tire dealer is permitted.

C Stationary processing facilities

must be permitted. Mobile

shredders are not required to

have a permit.

C Storage at processing facilities

is limited to one pile (or as

approved by the permit) of

whole tires, and no more than 9

piles of shredded tires, each pile

measuring no more than 200

feet by 50 feet by 15 feet.

C Since June 1, 1996, the disposal of waste tires in landfills

has been banned. Incineration of solid waste, including

tires, has been prohibited since May 1, 1993, except for

“pilot” projects.

C Alternative reuse plans for non-cut or whole tires may be

submitted for consideration for approval.

C Not addressed. C Shredded tires may be used as landfill

daily cover or in the landfill liner as a

leachate drainage.

C Waste tires or tire-derived material may

be beneficially reused as approved or may

be used as an alternative or supplemental

fuel with appropriate Air Quality permits.
li

WISCONSIN

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Paul Koziar

Wisconsin Department of Natural

Resources 

Bureau of Waste Management

P.O. Box 7921

101 South Webster Street

Madison, Wisconsin 53703

Telephone: 608-267-9388

FAX: 608-267-2768

C AB 481, passed in 1987, established a tire fee.

C Act 355, passed in 1990, banned scrap tires from landfills

as of January 1, 1995.

C There was a $2/tire fee on new vehicle

titles. The fee generated approximately

$3 million annually. Funds were

deposited in the Waste Tire Removal

and Recovery Program.

C Fee/funding for the program sunsetted

June 30, 1996.

C All waste collectors, transporters, storage

and processing facilities must be licensed.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C All waste collectors,

transporters, storage and

processing facilities must be

licensed.

C Proof of financial responsibility

for stored tires.

C Since January 1, 1995, tires have been banned from being

disposed of in landfills.

C The Waste Tire Reimbursement Grant

Program is designed to provide

financial assistance regarding the cost

of developing or operating certain types

of waste tire reuse, and provides

eligible companies with a $20/ton (or

$0.01/lb) reimbursement for use of

waste tire material for energy recovery,

construction or in the manufacture of

products. Annually, $750,000 is set

aside for this purpose.

C Beginning in 1994 processors of waste

tires were eligible for a similar

reimbursement as end users. 

Additionally, if waste tires were used to

make a product, the reimbursement

was increased to $0.02/lb.

C The State’s Waste Tire Management or

Recovery Grant Program is intended to

research new uses and expand existing

uses of scrap tires. It has funded the

following projects:

- Air emission testing to evaluate air

emissions resulting from the

combustion of waste tires with coal

and wood waste;

- Testing fly ash and bottom ash

resulting from combustion of waste

tires and wood;

- Environmental assessment of air

emissions for the proposed waste tire

medical waste incinerator;

- Testing combustion technology;

- Investigating fuel feed system designs

to accommodate combustion of waste

tire material in fluidized bed boiler

- Testing the development of various

rubber products, such as bed liners for

pick-up trucks;

- Testing leaching characteristics of

shredded waste tires;

- Constructing roads using rubberized

asphalt.

C The State’s waste tire cleanup program is

intended to clean up nuisance waste tire

stockpiles:

- $2 million set aside annually to clean

up 2 million tires per year; and

- Cost recovery from responsible

parties.
lii

WYOMING

State Contact Legislation and Regulations Funding Sources/Fees Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations

Timothy Link

Wyoming Department of

Environmental Quality

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Division

122 West 25th Street

Herschler Building, 4-West

Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002

Telephone: 307-777-7164

FAX: 307-777-5973

C HB 213, passed in 1989, amended the Solid Waste

Management Act for solid waste storage and treatment

facilities. It established bonding and location requirements

and a permitting system for solid waste facilities, and limits

the accumulation of waste, including tires, prior to disposal.

C Not addressed. C Levels are set for the number of tires that

can be stored at retail stores, collection

centers, and landfills without obtaining a

permit.

Storage and Processor Regulations Disposal Restrictions Financial/Market Incentives Additional Information

C Levels are set for the number of

tires that can be stored at retail

stores, collection centers, and

landfills without obtaining a

permit.

C Landfills must have a permit to

store more than 5,000 whole

tires.

C Regulations establish bonding

and location requirements and a

permitting system for solid

waste facilities. (Tires are

defined as a solid waste.)

C Not addressed. C Not addressed.