SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY 

 APPELLATE DIVISION 

 DOCKET NO. A-0951-22 

STATE OF NEW JERSEY, 

 Plaintiff-Respondent, 

v.

RICHARD A. SAYAD, 

 Defendant-Appellant. 

________________________

Submitted January 22, 2024 – Decided February 2, 2024 

Before Judges Marczyk and Chase. 

On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law 

Division, Hudson County, Municipal Appeal No. 09-

22.

Richard A. Sayad, appellant pro se. 

Esther Suarez, Hudson County Prosecutor, attorney for 

respondent (Meagan E. Free, Assistant Prosecutor, on 

the brief). 

PER CURIAM 

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE 

APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION 

This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the 

internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
2 A-0951-22

Defendant Richard A. Sayad appeals pro se from the Law Division's 

September 8, 2022 order upholding, on de novo review, the municipal court's 

judgment convicting him of driving with an expired inspection sticker, N.J.S.A. 

39:8-9. We affirm. 

I.

This matter was heard over Zoom before the Weehawken Municipal 

Court. Defendant appeared pro se, and the State was represented by a municipal 

prosecutor. At trial, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Police 

Department Officer Romel DeLeon, a fourteen-year officer, testified as the 

State's only witness. Officer DeLeon testified that on November 3, 2021, at 5:00 

p.m., he was assigned to traffic duty at the New Jersey Toll Plaza in Weehawken. 

He was positioned on the curb between the toll lanes. The officer testified he 

observed an expired inspection sticker displayed on defendant's car. He testified 

that his observations of the color and printed number on the sticker led him to 

determine that it had expired in January 2021, more than ten months earlier. 

Defendant chose to testify on his own behalf. He acknowledged he was 

"driving in peak traffic conditions," and when he approached the toll plaza, an 

officer "jumped out at me," and "almost caused an accident." The officer 

instructed him to pull over onto the shoulder where another police vehicle was 
3 A-0951-22

positioned. Although defendant testified the sticker could not have expired 

because he just bought the vehicle less than two years prior, he admitted that it 

had an expired date on it. He attested the ticket had a crease in it, so he thought 

that it was not expired. He stated, "[a] fter I took the car in for an inspection the 

next day, the inspector told me that they put the wrong sticker on the vehicle, 

that the sticker was supposed to be for a different vehicle . . . ." He further 

testified he had obtained a new sticker from Motor Vehicles since he had gotten 

the ticket. Moreover, he testified he believed the dealer he brought the car from 

was being investigated by the Attorney General's Office and the dealer must 

have put a sticker from another car on his. 

The Municipal Court Judge found defendant guilty of the violation and 

imposed a fine of $200 plus costs. The judge stated: 

I find the testimony of Officer DeLeon to be 

credible. There is not much difference between the

testimony of either [party] in this case. The -- . . . 

officer testified that the vehicle's inspection sticker was 

expired for several months, making it a refusal charge, 

that he failed or refused to have the motor vehicle

examined within the time period prescribed by the 

director. 

The defense is that he did not know that he had 

to have it inspected. Ignorance of the law is not an 

excuse. It also appears that this was not the right sticker 

on the car. So the defendant is very lucky that he was 

not charged with having a fraudulent inspection sticker, 
4 A-0951-22

which would have been under section C, which would 

have had a minimum fine of $500. 

So based upon the testimony of Officer DeLeon 

that I find very credible, I find that under [N.J.S.A.] 

39:8-9 this defendant failed to or refused to have his 

motor vehicle examined within the time period of the 

director. I find that this inspection sticker had been 

expired for more than [ten] months. 

The Judge imposed a $207 fine and assessed $33 in costs, and defendant 

appealed to the Law Division. 

After a de novo trial, the Law Division also found defendant guilty and 

imposed the same penalty on September 8, 2022. The Law Division Judge 

rendered a detailed opinion, both oral and written, setting forth detailed findings 

of fact and conclusions of law on all the matters at issue, ultimately finding the 

State proved its case beyond a reasonable doubt. Moreover, Officer DeLeon 

was found to be credible and defendant less than credible. 

On appeal, defendant presents the following points for our consideration:1

I. HARASSMENT THAT OCCURRED OFF THE 

RECORD DURING [Municipal] COURTROOM 

SESSION. 

II. IMPROPER BEHAVIOR OF WITNESS CALLING 

THE DEFENDANT DIRECTLY ON HIS CELL 

PHONE DURING ZOOM. 

1

 For the sake of discussion, the points have been renumbered from defendant's 

brief. 
5 A-0951-22

III. TRIAL BY AMBUSH-THE UNANNOUNCED 

WITNESS. 

IV. WITNESS WITH A CRIMINAL HISTORY. 

V. WITNESS WITH SELECTIVE MEMORY. 

VI. PROSECUTOR PROVIDED INCORRECT 

FACTS REGARDING THE CARS ORIGINAL 

INSPECTION STICKER DATE OR [EXPIRATION]. 

VII. INCORRECT INSPECTION STICKER PLACED 

ON THE CAR FOR ANOTHER VEHICLE. 

VIII. BIASES AND [Municipal] JUDGE 

SUGGESTING NEW CRIMES NOT BROUGHT 

FORWARD BY PROSECUTOR. 

IX. JUDGING BEFORE HEARING THE 

DEFENDANT'S TESTIMONY AND BIAS. 

X. MUNICIPAL TRANSCRIPT MISSING 

IMPORTANT INFORMATION THAT WAS 

IMPORTANT FOR AN APPEAL. 

II. 

We affirm, substantially for the reasons stated in the Law Division judge's 

detailed oral and written opinions. However, we add the following brief 

comments. 

Pro se litigants are expected to follow the Court Rules. See, e.g.,Trocki 

Plastic Surgery Ctr. v. Bartkowski, 344 N.J. Super. 399, 405 (App. Div. 2001) 
6 A-0951-22

(pro se litigants are regarded as lawyers for the purposes of frivolous litigation 

under Rule 1:4-8(f)); Venner v. Allstate, 306 N.J. Super. 106, 110 (App. Div.

1997) (noting that a "plaintiff's status as a pro se litigant in no way relieves her 

of her obligation to comply with the court rules"); City of Clifton v. Cresthaven 

Cemetery Ass'n, 17 N.J. Super. 362, 364 (App. Div. 1952) (observing that 

compliance with a particular court rule should not be dispensed with when a 

non-lawyer appears pro se). Many of the points on appeal argued by defendant 

come from a misunderstanding of both the municipal court and trial process. 

For example, because of the Zoom format, phone calls were made to defendant 

from the Prosecutor and Officer DeLeon, which were pre-trial plea negotiations. 

This had no impact on the findings by the judge. 

In a trial de novo, the Law Division is obligated to "determine the case 

completely anew on the record made in the Municipal Court, giving due, 

although not necessarily controlling, regard to the opportunity of the [municipal 

court judge] to judge the credibility of the witnesses." State v. Johnson, 42 N.J. 

146, 157 (1964). In a trial de novo, the Law Division: 

does not affirm or reverse what occurred in the

municipal court. Rather, the . . . judge reviews the

transcript and makes an independent determination of

the sufficiency of the evidence presented, giving 

appropriate deference to any credibility assessments 

that the municipal court judge may have made . . . . 
7 A-0951-22

"A trial de novo by definition requires the trier to

make his own findings of fact." 

[State v. Kashi, 360 N.J. Super. 538, 545, (App. Div. 

2003) (quoting State v. Ross, 189 N.J. Super. 67, 75

(App. Div. 1983)).] 

Moreover, the Law Division proceeding is not an appellate one. The judge 

determines anew, based on the municipal court record, whether the State proved 

the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Ibid. Our own standard of

review on appeal from a trial de novo in the Law Division is markedly different 

from that applied by the Law Division judge. Unlike the Law Division, we do

not make our own findings of fact, and our standard of review is deferential. 

State v. Locurto, 157 N.J. 463, 474 (1999). We focus our review on "whether 

there is 'sufficient credible evidence . . . in the record' to support the trial court's 

findings." State v. Robertson, 228 N.J. 138, 148, (2017) (alteration in original) 

(quoting Johnson, 42 N.J. at 162).

Deference is especially appropriate when, as in this case, two judges have 

examined the facts and reached the same conclusion. As the Supreme Court 

made clear in Locurto, "[u]nder the two-court rule, appellate courts ordinarily 

should not undertake to alter concurrent findings of facts and credibility 

determinations made by two lower courts absent a very obvious and exceptional

showing of error." 157 N.J. at 474 (citing Midler v. Heinowitz, 10 N.J. 123,
8 A-0951-22

128-29 (1952)). Therefore, our review of the factual and credibility findings of

the municipal court and the Law Division "is exceedingly narrow." State v.

Reece, 222 N.J. 154, 167 (2015) (quoting Locurto, 157 N.J. at 470). However, 

we are not bound by a trial court's interpretations of either the law or the legal 

consequences that flow from established facts. See Manalapan Realty L.P. v.

Twp. Comm. of Manalapan, 140 N.J. 366, 378 (1995); State v. Harris, 457 N.J. 

Super. 34, 43-44 (App. Div. 2018). 

Applying this deferential standard of review, we conclude the Law 

Division Judge properly found that defendant violated the applicable statute 

beyond a reasonable doubt. As the court aptly stated when ruling on defendant's 

testimony, "the evidence – the substance of that evidence is evidentially 

problematic. The essence of the defense is that others . . . were responsible for 

the display of the expired sticker. Exclusive evidence and reliance is placed on 

those representations with no corroborating evidence that was presented . . . ." 

We add that the trial record clearly shows that defendant was in violation of the 

applicable statute.

To the extent we have not addressed them, any remaining arguments 

raised by defendant lack sufficient merit to warrant consideration in this opinion. 

R. 2:11-3(e)(2). 
9 A-0951-22

Affirmed.