fact

fact book

book

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE

FACT BOOK

FISCAL YEAR

2002

fact book

fact book

fact book

fact bookfact book

fact book

book

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE

fact book

fact book

fact book

fact bookfact book

fact book

FACT BOOK

FISCAL YEAR

2002

F EBRUA RY 2003

FO R ADMINISTR ATIVE US E

NATIONAL I NSTITUTES

O F HEALTH

NATIONAL HEART, L UNG ,

AND BLOOD I NSTITUTE

fact book

NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Contents

iii

Figures ..............................................................................................................................................v

Tables ..............................................................................................................................................vii

1. Directory of Personnel .................................................................................................................1

2. Program Overview.....................................................................................................................11

3. Important Events........................................................................................................................27

4. Disease Statistics........................................................................................................................35

5. Institute-Initiated Programs Starting in FY 2002.......................................................................55

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees.......................................................................................59

7. Fiscal Year 2002 Budget Overview...........................................................................................65

8. Long-Term Trends.....................................................................................................................69

9. Research Grants .........................................................................................................................77

10. Research and Development Contracts .....................................................................................105

11. Clinical Trials...........................................................................................................................111

12. Minority Activities...................................................................................................................131

13. Research Training and Career Development Programs...........................................................145

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2002 ..........................................................153

Appendixes

Types of Research Activity......................................................................................................173

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms.......................................................................................177

Index ........................................................................................................................................181

Contents

NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Figures

v

Figures

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2000.........................................................................................................................37

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2000......................................................................37

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 2000...................................................................................................38

Deaths From Lung Diseases, U.S., 2000...................................................................................................................38

Deaths From Blood Diseases, U.S., 2000 .................................................................................................................38

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2000.........................................................................................39

Death Rates for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2000 ....................................................................................39

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2000..........................................................................................40

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2000 .......................................................................40

Deaths From Congestive Heart Failure, U.S., 1968–2000........................................................................................41

Death Rates for Heart Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2000 ..................................................42

Death Rates for Stroke by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2000 ..............................................................42

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2000 .....................................................................................43

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead 

From Hospitals, U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2000..........................................................................................................43

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Men Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2000 ...................44

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Women Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2000..............44

Change in Death Rates for Selected Causes by Race and Gender, U.S., 1990–2000...............................................45

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2000....................................................................................45

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2000 ................................................................................................46

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2000 ..................................................46

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Men Ages 35+ Years, 

Selected Countries, 1980–2000 ..............................................................................................................................47

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Women Ages 35+ Years, 

Selected Countries, 1980–2000 ..............................................................................................................................47

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, 

U.S., 1985–2000 .....................................................................................................................................................48

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 1989–2000.................................................................................48

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults by Age, U.S., 1988–94 ...............................................................49

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2000.....................................................50

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2000 ....................................................50

Hypertensive Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Age 18+, U.S., 1971–72 to 1999–2000 .......................51

Adult Population With Hypertension by Age, Gender, and Race, U.S., 1999–2000................................................51

Hospitalization Rates for Congestive Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 Years and 65+ Years, U.S., 1971–2000.............52

Prevalence of Asthma by Age, U.S., 1981, 1991, and 2001.....................................................................................52

Total Economic Costs, U.S., 2003 ............................................................................................................................53

Economic Costs: Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2003 ..............................................................53
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Figures

vi

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2002 Budget Overview

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category........................................................................................................ 65

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program............................................................................................................ 65

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Division............................................................................................................ 65

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Current Dollars....................................................................................................................................................... 70

Constant 1992 Dollars............................................................................................................................................ 70

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1992–2002.......................................................... 72

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 ........................................ 73

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 1992–2002......................................................................................................................................... 73

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Dollars .................................................................................................................................................................... 75

Percent of Extramural Funds.................................................................................................................................. 76

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category............................................................................................................. 77

NHLBI Research Project Grant, Research Centers Grant, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1992–2002......................................................................................................................................... 78

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded........................................................................................................... 79

Number Reviewed and Awarded ........................................................................................................................... 80

Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate) ................................................................................... 80

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 ........................ 81

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1992–2002 ........................................................... 83

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002........................................... 105

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 ............................... 145

NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 1992–2002........................................................................... 145

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements Program 

Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 ................................................................................................................. 151

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2002

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2002 ........................................................................... 153
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Tables

vii

Tables

Chapter 2. Program Overview

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases and Blood Resources Programs ....................................12

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1980 and 2000 ...............................................................................................................................................37

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2000........................................................38

Death Rates for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1980 and 2000.........................................41

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2000 ..................................................46

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2000.....................................................49

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2003......................................................53

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2002 Budget Overview

NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002..............................................................................65

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2002..............................................................................66

NHLBI Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002 ........................................................................................66

 NHLBI Epidemiology and Clinical Applications Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002 ........................................................................................66

NHLBI Lung Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002 ........................................................................................67

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002 ........................................................................................67

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research Program

Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002..........................................................................................67

Women’s Health Initiative 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002 ........................................................................................68

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2002.........................................................................................69

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Current Dollars .......................................................................................................................................................71

Constant 1992 Dollars ............................................................................................................................................71

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 ..........................................................72

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 1992–2002.......................................................................................................72

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Dollars ....................................................................................................................................................................74

Percent of Total Extramural Budget.......................................................................................................................74

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Dollars ....................................................................................................................................................................75

Percent of Total Extramural Budget.......................................................................................................................76
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Tables

viii

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002 ..................................................................... 77

NHLBI Research Project Grant, Research Centers Grant, and Other Research 

Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 ......................................................................................................... 78

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded........................................................................................................... 79

Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded .......................................................................................... 80

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 ........................ 81

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 1992–2002.......................... 82

Facility and Administrative (F&A) Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 ............. 82

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1992–2002 .......................................................... 83

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10) Programs.......................................................................................... 84

Specialized Centers of Research (P50) Program ...................................................................................................... 99

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 ................................. 105

Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 .............................. 106

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 ............................................................... 111

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2002: Summary by Program...................................... 114

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Contracts .............................................................................................................................................................. 115

Cooperative Agreements...................................................................................................................................... 117

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2002: Summary by Program

Contracts .............................................................................................................................................................. 118

Cooperative Agreements...................................................................................................................................... 118

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2002........................ 146

History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 1992–2002................................................................. 147

Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 1992–2002.................................................................... 148

NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 1992–2002............................................................................... 149

NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 ............................................................ 150

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research 

Supplements Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002............................................................................ 151

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 ............................................ 152

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 ........................ 152

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2002

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2002......................................................... 154
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

1

Office of the Director Bldg. Room Phone MSC†,‡

Director, Claude Lenfant, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A52 496–5166 2486

Deputy Director, Barbara Alving, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A47 496–1078 2490

Assistant to the Director, Sheila Pohl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A52 496–6471 2486

Special Assistant to the Director (NHLBI AIDS Coordinator),

Elaine Sloand, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A35 496–3245 2490

Assistant Director for Ethics and Clinical Research

Lawrence Friedman, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A03 496–9899 2490

Associate Director for Administrative Management, 

Donald P. Christoferson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Associate Director for Scientific Program Operation, 

Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A03 496–6331 2482

Associate Director for Prevention, Education, and Control,

Gregory J. Morosco, Ph.D., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Associate Director for International Programs, 

Ruth J. Hegyeli, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A27 496–5375 2490

Office of Special Concerns Director, 

Mishyelle I. Croom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A22 496–1763 2490

Office of Minority Health Affairs Director,

Helena Mishoe, Ph.D., M.P.H.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2§ 6216 451–5081 7913

Office of Administrative Management 

Director/Executive Officer, Donald P. Christoferson . . . . . . . . . 31 5A46 496–2411 2490

Administrative Officer, Valery D. Gheen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

Management Policy and Administrative Services Branch

Chief, David L. Whitmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

Freedom of Information/Privacy Act

Coordinator, Suzanne Freeman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–9737 2490

Financial Management Branch

Chief, Sandra Gault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A46 496–4653 2490

Human Resources Management Branch

Chief, Barry Rubinstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A28 496–6477 2484

Extramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Christinia E. Roark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Intramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Carrol Hanson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N220 402–1985 1670

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Director, Carl E. Hunt, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10038 435–0199 7920

Administrative Officer, Stacey Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Women’s Health Initiative

Acting Director, Jacques E. Rossouw, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL1** 300 402–2900 7966

Administrative Officer, Rebecca Tener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

1. Directory of Personnel*

* Current as of October 15, 2002. For locating personnel not listed, the general information number is 301–496–4000. All listed phone numbers are in 

area code 301. The Personnel Directory, which is periodically updated throughout the year, is located on the NHLBI Home Page under About NHLBI.

† MSC—Mail Stop Code.

‡ Full mailing address formats are located at the end of this chapter.

§ RKL2—Rockledge II Building.

** RKL1—Rockledge I Building.
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

2

Office of Prevention, Education, and Control

Director, Gregory J. Morosco, Ph.D., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Program Operations Coordinator, Nancy J. Poole, M.B.A. . . . . . 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Administrative Officer, Valery Gheen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

Health Communications and Information Science

Senior Manager, Terry C. Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–0554 2480

Public Health Program Development

Senior Manager, Robinson Fulwood, Ph.D., M.S.P.H. . . . . 31 4A10 496–0554 2480

NHLBI Nutrition Coordinator, Darla E. Danford, D.Sc., M.P.H. 31 4A10 496–0554 2480

National High Blood Pressure Education Program

Coordinator, Edward J. Roccella, Ph.D., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Cholesterol Education Program

Coordinator, James I. Cleeman, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Asthma Education and Prevention Program

Coordinator, Diana Schmidt, M.S.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Heart Attack Alert Program

Coordinator, Mary McDonald Hand, M.S.P.H., R.N. . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Obesity Education Initiative

Coordinator, Karen Donato, M.S., R.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

Office of Science and Technology

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A03 496–6331 2482

Deputy Director, Barbara Liu, S.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A06 496–9899 2482

Administrative Officer, Rebecca E. Tener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

Office of International Programs

Director, Ruth Hegyeli, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A29 496–5375 2490

Program Studies and Reports Program

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A03 496–6331 2482

Science and Special Issues Program

Director, Barbara Liu, S.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A06 496–9899 2482

Office of Public Liaison

Coordinator, Sandra Lindsay, M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A07 496–9899 2482

Information Resources and Technology Program

Director, John J. Filigenzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8093 435–0119 7932

Office of Technology Transfer and Development

Director, Concetta Bartosh, J.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 1B30 402–5579 2490

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases

Director, Stephen C. Mockrin, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9160 435–0466 7940

Deputy Director, David M. Robinson, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9158 435–0477 7940

Special Assistant for Clinical Studies,

David J. Gordon, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9152 435–0466 7940

Research Training and Special Programs,

Leader, Beth Schucker, M.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9140 435–0535 7940

Administrative Officer, Lisa A. Freeny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Clinical and Molecular Medicine Program

Director, John Watson, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9166 435–0555 7940

Cardiovascular Medicine Scientific Research Group

Leader, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9178 435–0515 7940

Office of the Director (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

3

Bioengineering and Genomic Applications 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Susan Old, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9144 435–0513 7940

Heart Research Program

Director, John L. Fakunding, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9170 435–0494 7940

Arrhythmias, Ischemia, and Sudden Cardiac Death 

Scientific Research Group 

Leader, Peter M. Spooner, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9192 435–0504 7940

Heart Development, Function, and Failure 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Gail D. Pearson, M.D. Sc.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9200 435–0510 7940

Vascular Biology Research Program

Director, Sonia Skarlatos, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10198 435–0545 7956

Atherosclerosis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Momtaz Wassef, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10196 435–0558 7956

Hypertension Scientific Research Group

Leader, Paul A. Velletri, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10202 435–0560 7956

Division of Lung Diseases

Director, James P. Kiley, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10122 435–0233 7952

Deputy Director, Carol E. Vreim, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10120 435–0233 7952

Administrative Officer, Kathryn Lightbody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Airway Biology and Disease Program

Director, Gail G. Weinmann, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10210 435–0202 7952

Senior Scientific Advisor,

Susan P. Banks-Schlegel, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10220 435–0202 7952

Asthma Scientific Research Group

Leader, Susan P. Banks-Schlegel, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10220 435–0202 7952

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Environment 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Thomas Croxton, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10208 435–0202 7952

Cystic Fibrosis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Susan P. Banks-Schlegel, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10220 435–0202 7952

Sleep and Neurobiology Scientific Research Group

Leader, Michael J. Twery, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10116 435–0202 7952

Training and Special Programs Scientific Research Group

Leader, J. Sri Ram, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10206 435–0202 7952

Lung Biology and Disease Program

Director, Dorothy B. Gail, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10100 435–0222 7952

Senior Scientific Advisor, Andrea Harabin, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10108 435–0222 7952

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/Tuberculosis

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Hannah H. Peavy, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10110 435–0222 7952

Acute Lung Injury/Critical Care Scientific Research Group

Leader, Andrea Harabin, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10108 435–0222 7952

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

4

Developmental Biology and Pediatrics 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Mary Anne Berberich, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10102 435–0222 7952

Immunology/Fibrosis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Herbert Reynolds, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10112 435–0222 7952

Lung Cell and Vascular Biology Scientific Research Group

Acting Leader, Dorothy B. Gail, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10100 435–0222 7952

Training and Special Programs Scientific Research Group

Leader, Sandra Hatch, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10104 435–0222 7952

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

Director, Charles Peterson, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10160 435–0080 7950

Deputy Director, Liana Harvath, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10170 435–0065 7950

Senior Program Analyst, Susan Pucie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10166 435–0584 7950

Administrative Officer, Kathryn Lightbody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Blood Resources Program

Acting Director, Liana Harvath, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10170 435–0065 7950

Senior Scientific Advisor, George J. Nemo, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10142 435–0075 7950

Transfusion Medicine Scientific Research Group

Leader, George J. Nemo, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10142 435–0075 7950

Bone Marrow Transplantation Scientific Research Group

Acting Leader, LeeAnn Jensen, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10140 435–0065 7950

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Pankaj Ganguly, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10176 435–0070 7950

Training and Special Programs

Leader, Traci Mondoro, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10182 435–0075 7950

Blood Diseases Program

Director, Charles Peterson, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10160 435–0050 7950

Sickle Cell Disease Scientific Research Group

Leader, Duane Bonds, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10148 435–0055 7950

Cellular Hematology Scientific Research Group

Leader, Charles Peterson, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10160 435–0050 7950

Research Training

Leader, Ellen Werner, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10182 435–0061 7950

Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications

Director, Peter Savage, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8100 435–0422 7938

Deputy Director, (Vacant) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8104 435–0422 7938

Senior Advisor, Jefferey Cutler, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8102 435–0433 7938

Administrative Officer, Charlotte Wiltshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Office of Biostatistics Research

Director, Nancy L. Geller, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8210 435–0434 7938

Clinical Applications and Prevention Program

Acting Director, Denise Simons-Morton, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . RKL2 8138 435–0377 7936

Prevention Scientific Research Group

Acting Leader, Eva Obarzanek, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8136 435–0377 7936

Division of Lung Diseases (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

5

Clinical Trials Scientific Research Group

Leader, Michael Domanski, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8146 435–0399 7936

Behavioral Medicine Scientific Research Group

Leader, Peter G. Kaufmann, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8118 435–0404 7936

Epidemiology and Biometry Program

Director, Teri Manolio, M.D., M.H.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8160 435–0707 7934

Analytical Resources Scientific Research Group

Leader, Paul D. Sorlie, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8176 435–0707 7934

Genetic Epidemiology Scientific Research Group

Leader, Richard Fabsitz, M.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8178 435–0444 7934

Field Studies and Clinical Epidemiology 

Scientific Research Group

Acting Leader, Catherine Loria, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8150 435–0707 7934

Framingham Epidemiology Research Unit

Leader, Daniel Levy, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue

Suite 2

Framingham, MA 01702–5827

508–935–3458

Jackson Heart Study

Leader, Evelyn Walker, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jackson Medical Mall

350 West Woodrow Wilson Drive

Jackson, MS 39213

601–368–4654

Division of Extramural Affairs

Director, Deborah P. Beebe, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7100 435–0260 7922

Deputy Director, Robert Musson, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7216 435–0266 7924

Committee Management Officer, Kathryn M. Valeda . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7220 435–0255 7922

Administrative Officer, Veronica M. Wharton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7112 435–6373 7921

Review Branch 

Chief, Anne P. Clark, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7214 435–0270 7924

Referral Officer, (Vacant) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7202 435–0310 7924

Heart/Lung Scientific Review Group

Leader, Robert B. Moore, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7178 435–0725 7924

Vascular/Blood Scientific Review Group

Leader, Jeffrey H. Hurst, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7208 435–0303 7924

Clinical Studies and Training Scientific Review Group

Leader, Valerie Prenger, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7194 435–0288 7924

Contracts Operations Branch

Chief, Robert Best . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6100 435–0330 7902

Deputy Chief, Douglas W. Frye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6224 435–0330 7902

Blood Diseases and Resources Contracts Section

Chief, Patricia E. Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6136 435–0357 7902

Heart, Lung, and Vascular Diseases Contracts Section

Acting Chief, Pamela Lew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6106 435–0340 7902

Epidemiology and Clinical Applications Section

Chief, John C. Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6126 435–0345 7902

Division of Epidemiology and Clinical 

Applications (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

6

Procurement Section

Chief, Debra C. Hawkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6150 435–0366 7902

Grants Operations Branch

Chief, Suzanne A. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7160 435–0144 7926

Deputy Chief, Raymond Zimmerman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7174 435–0166 7926

Heart and Vascular Diseases Grants Management Section

Chief, David Reiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7172 435–0177 7926

Lung Diseases Grants Management Section

Chief, Robert A. Pike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7154 435–0171 7926

Blood Diseases and Resources Grants Management Section

Chief, Robert Vinson, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7156 435–0170 7926

Epidemiology and Clinical Application Grants Management Section

Chief, Holly Atherton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7152 435–0170 7926

Division of Intramural Research

Office of the Director

Clinical Research Program

Director, Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8C103 496–1518 1754

Clinical Director, Richard O. Cannon III, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7B15 496–9985 1650

Laboratory Research Program

Director, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N214 496–2116 1061

Intramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Carroll Hanson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N220 402–3646 1670

Clinical Research Program

Bioinformatics Core

Head, Eric Billings, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4A17 496–6520 1412

Flow Cytometry Core

Head, Philip McCoy, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4A07 451–8824 1412

Office of Clinical Affairs

Chief, Maria Stagnitto, M.S.N., R.N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8C104 496–2295 1755

Office of Education 

Chief, Herbert Geller, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8C213 435–6719 1755

Cardiovascular Branch

Chief, Toren Finkel, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7B15 496–5817 1650

Clinical Cardiology Section

Chief, Richard O. Cannon III, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7B15 496–9985 1650

Experimental Atherosclerosis Section

Chief, Howard S. Kruth, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5N113 496–4826 1422

Molecular Biology Section

Chief, Toren Finkel, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7B15 402–0983 1650

Vascular Biology Section

Chief, Elizabeth Nabel, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8C103 496–1518 1754

Hematology Branch

Chief, Neal Young, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7C103 496–5093 1652

Laboratory of Animal Medicine & Surgery

Chief, Robert Hoyt, D.V.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14E 106B 496–9673 5570

Molecular Disease Branch

Chief, H. Bryan Brewer, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N115 496–5095 1666

Division of Extramural Affairs (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
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Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

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Molecular Biology Section

Chief, Silvia Santamarina-Fojo, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N108 496–6050 1666

Peptide Chemistry Section

Chief, H. Bryan Brewer, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N115 496–5095 1666

Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine Branch

Chief, Joel Moss, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6D03 496–1597 1590

Deputy Chief, Martha Vaughan, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5N307 496–4554 1434

Biochemical Physiology Section

Chief, Vincent Manganiello, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5N307 496–1770 1434

Clinical Studies Section

Chief, Joel Moss, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6D03 496–1597 1590

Metabolic Regulation Section

Chief, Martha Vaughan, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5N307 496–4554 1434

Molecular Mechanisms Section

Chief, Joel Moss, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6D03 496–1597 1590

Pulmonary and Cardiac Assist Devices Section

Chief, Theodor Kolobow, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5D07 496–2057 1590

Laboratory Research Program

Light Microscopy Core

Head, Christian Combs, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5D19 594–6739 1412

Electron Microscopy Core

Head, Zu-Xi Yu, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2N246 402–0908 1518

Pathology Core

Head, Zu-Xi Yu, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2N240 402–0908 1518

Transgenics Core 

Head, Chengyu Liu, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3536 435–5034 8018

Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics 

Chief, Marshall Nirenberg, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N315 496–5208 4036

Molecular Biology Section

Chief, Marshall Nirenberg, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N315 496–5208 4036

Laboratory of Biochemistry 

Chief, Boon Chock, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2132 496–4645 8012

Enzymes Section

Chief, Earl R. Stadtman, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2140 496–4645 8012

Intermediary Metabolism and Bioenergetics Section

Chief, Thressa C. Stadtman, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2120 496–4645 8012

Metabolic Regulation Section

Chief, Boon Chock, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2132 496–4645 8012

Protein Chemistry Section

Chief, R. Ann Ginsburg, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2339 496–1278 8012

Protein Function in Disease Section

Chief, Rodney L. Levine, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2351 496–4645 8012

Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry 

Chief, James A. Ferretti, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3517 496–3341 8013

Chemical Structure Section

Chief, Henry M. Fales, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3406 496–2135 8014

Computational Biophysics Section

Chief, Bernard Brooks, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3069 496–0148 8014

Division of Intramural Research (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
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Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

8

Optical Spectroscopy Section

Chief, Jay R. Knutson, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5D16 496–2557 1412

Structural Biophysics Section

Chief, James A. Ferretti, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3517 496–3341 8013

Laboratory of Cardiac Energetic 

Chief, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 B1D416 496–3658 1061

Laboratory of Cell Biology 

Chief, Edward D. Korn, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2523 496–1001 8017

Cellular Biochemistry and Ultrastructure Section 

Chief, Edward D. Korn, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2517 496–1616 8017

Cellular Physiology Section

Chief, Lois Greene, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2537 496–2846 8017

Molecular Cell Biology Section

Chief, John A. Hammer III, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2306 496–8960 8017

Laboratory of Cell Signaling 

Chief, Sue Goo Rhee, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3523 594–7225 8015

Laboratory of Developmental Biology

Chief, Cecilia Lo, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4537 451–8041 8019

Laboratory of Kidney & Electrolyte Metabolism

Chief, Mark A. Knepper, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6N260 496–3187 1603

Renal Cellular and Molecular Biology Section

Chief, Maurice Burg, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6N260 496–3187 1603

Renal Mechanisms Section

Chief, Mark A. Knepper, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6N312 496–3064 1598

Transport Physiology Section

Chief, Kenneth R. Spring, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6N309 496–3236 1598

 Laboratory of Molecular Immunology 

Chief, Warren Leonard, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N252 496–0098 1674

Intracellular Signaling Section

Chief, Michael A. Beaven, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8N114 496–6188 1760

Lymphocyte Activation Section

Chief, Warren Leonard, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N252 496–0098 1674

Molecular and Cellular Toxicology Section

Chief, Lance R. Pohl, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8N110 496–4841 1674

Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology 

Chief, Robert S. Adelstein, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8N202 496–1865 1762

Cellular and Molecular Motility Section

Chief, James R. Sellers, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8N117 496–6887 1760

Molecular Physiology Section

Chief, Neal Epstein, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8N112 496–2102 1762

Muscle Molecular Biology Section

Chief, Robert S. Adelstein, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8N202 496–1865 1762

Division of Intramural Research (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

9

NIH Mailing Address Formats

NHLBI staff e-mail addresses can be found by using 

the NIH Directory and E-mail Forwarding Service 

located on the Internet at http://directory.nih.gov.

Please use the following formats for NIH mailing 

addresses:

Building 10 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 10, Room ____

10 Center Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Building 14E Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 14E, Room ____

14 Service Road South MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Building 31 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 31, Room ____

31 Center Drive MSC____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Building 50 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 50, Room ____

50 South Drive MSC*

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Rockledge II

Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Two Rockledge Center, Room ____

6701 Rockledge Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Rockledge I

Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

One Rockledge Center, Room ____

6701 Rockledge Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

_________________________

* Retain the letters MSC before adding the mail stop code number.

† Replace the letters MSC with the mail stop code number.

NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

11

In 1948, the National Heart Institute was established through the National Heart Act with a mission 

to support research and training in the prevention, 

diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases 

(CVD). Twenty-four years later, through section 413 

of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood 

Act (P.L. 92-423), Congress mandated the Institute to 

expand and coordinate its activities in an accelerated 

attack against heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood 

diseases. The renamed National Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Institute (NHLBI) expanded its scientific areas 

of interest and intensified its efforts related to research on diseases within its purview. Over the 

years, these areas of interest have grown to encompass genetic research, sleep disorders, and the 

Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). 

The mission of the NHLBI is to provide leadership 

for a national program in diseases of the heart, blood 

vessels, lung, and blood; sleep disorders; and blood 

resources management. The Institute:

• Plans, conducts, fosters, and supports an 

integrated and coordinated program of basic 

research, clinical investigations and trials, 

observational studies, and demonstration and 

education projects related to the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of heart, 

blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases, and 

sleep disorders conducted in its own laboratories and by other scientific institutions and 

individuals supported by research grants and 

contracts. 

• Plans and directs research in development, 

trial, and evaluation of interventions and 

devices related to the prevention of diseases 

and the treatment and rehabilitation of patients 

suffering from such diseases and disorders. 

• Conducts research on the clinical use of blood 

and all aspects of the management of blood 

resources. 

• Supports career training and development of 

new and established researchers in fundamental sciences and clinical disciplines to enable 

them to conduct basic and clinical research 

related to heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood 

diseases; sleep disorders; and blood resources 

through individual and institutional research 

training awards and career development 

awards. 

• Coordinates relevant activities with other 

research institutes and all Federal health 

programs in the above areas, including the 

causes of stroke. 

• Conducts educational activities, including 

development and dissemination of materials 

for health professionals and the public in the 

above areas, with emphasis on prevention. 

• Maintains continuing relationships with institutions and professional associations, and with 

international, national, State, and local officials, 

as well as voluntary agencies and organizations 

working in the above areas. 

• Oversees management of the WHI. 

Each year, the NHLBI assesses progress in the scientific areas for which it is responsible and updates 

its goals and objectives. As new opportunities are 

identified, the Institute expands and revises its areas 

of interest. Throughout the process, the approach 

used by the Institute is an orderly sequence of 

research activities that includes:

• Acquisition of knowledge

• Evaluation of knowledge

• Application of knowledge

• Dissemination of knowledge.

The programs of the NHLBI, as shown on page 12, 

are implemented through five extramural units: the 

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases (DHVD), 

the Division of Lung Diseases (DLD), the Division 

of Blood Diseases and Resources (DBDR), the Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications 

(DECA), and the National Center on Sleep Disorders 

Research (NCSDR); and one intramural unit, the 

Division of Intramural Research (DIR). Although 

2. Program Overview
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

12

the NHLBI has primary responsibility for the WHI, it is 

run by a consortium that includes the National Cancer 

Institute (NCI), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), and 

the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and 

Skin Diseases (NIAMS). The Divisions and the Center 

pursue their own scientific missions but cooperate in areas 

of common interest. The extramural Divisions and the 

NCSDR use a variety of funding mechanisms, such as 

research grants, program project grants, Small Business 

Innovation Research grants, Small Business Technology 

Transfer grants, Specialized Centers of Research 

(SCORs), comprehensive center grants, contracts, and 

research training programs. Descriptions of the Division 

and Center programs, as well as the WHI, follow. 

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases 

An estimated 61.8 million people in the United States 

have CVD, 32 million of whom are less than 65 years of 

age. Hypertension affects 50 million. Approximately 

13 million have coronary heart disease (CHD), 4.9 million have congestive heart failure (CHF), and 4.7 million 

have cerebrovascular disease. Approximately 8 million 

with CVD are limited in activity. In 2000, 39 percent of 

all deaths (946,000) in the United States were attributed 

to CVD; 53 percent occurred in women. The economic 

cost of CVD to the Nation in 2003 is projected to be 

$352 billion, of which $209 billion will be for healthrelated expenditures and $143 billion will be due to lost 

productivity.

The DHVD plans and directs a coordinated research 

program on the causes of heart and vascular diseases and 

on their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Fundamental biomedical research is emphasized. Multidisciplinary programs are supported to advance basic 

knowledge of disease and to generate the most effective 

methods of clinical management and prevention. CliniHeart and Vascular Diseases

Heart Research

Heart Development

Cardiac Function and Heart Failure

Ischemic Heart Disease

Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sudden 

Cardiac Death

Vascular Biology Research

Atherosclerosis

Hypertension

Biology and Pathophysiology of 

Blood Vessels

Gene Therapy for Prevention and 

Treatment of Vascular Diseases

Clinical and Molecular Medicine

Cardiovascular Medicine

Bioengineering

Genomic and Proteomic 

Applications

Bioinformatics

Lung Diseases 

Airway Biology and Disease 

Asthma 

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary 

Disease (COPD) and 

Environmental Lung Diseases

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Neurobiology and Sleep

Lung Biology and Disease 

Lung Cell and Vascular Biology

Developmental Biology and 

Pediatric Lung Disease 

Critical Care and Acute Lung Injury 

Acquired Immunodeficiency 

Syndrome (AIDS) and 

Tuberculosis (TB)

Immunology and Fibrosis 

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood Diseases

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)

Thalassemia

Cellular Hematology

Stem Cell Research 

Blood Resources 

Transfusion Medicine

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Thrombosis and Hemostasis

Epidemiology and Clinical 

Applications

Clinical Applications and 

Prevention 

Prevention 

Clinical Trials 

Behavioral Medicine 

Epidemiology and Biometry 

Field Studies and Clinical 

Epidemiology 

Analytical Resources 

Genetic Epidemiology

National Center on Sleep 

Disorders Research

Sleep 

Sleep Disorders and Related 

Conditions

Women’s Health Initiative

Intramural Research

Cardiovascular

Cardiothoracic Surgery

Hematology 

Molecular Disease 

Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine 

Animal Medicine and Surgery 

Biochemical Genetics

Biochemistry 

Biophysical Chemistry 

Cardiac Energetics 

Cell Biology 

Cell Signaling

Developmental Biology

Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism

Lymphocyte Biology

Molecular Immunology

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases and Blood Resources Programs
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

13

cal trials are an important part of the research program; 

they provide an opportunity to test and apply promising 

preventive or therapeutic measures.

The Division consists of three major programs:

• Heart Research Program

• Vascular Biology Research Program

• Clinical and Molecular Medicine Program

and the Research Training and Special Programs group.

The Heart Research Program supports basic and clinical research in cardiac diseases, from embryonic life 

through adulthood. Areas of interest include:

• Heart development

• Cardiac function and failure

• Ischemic heart disease

• Arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Research on cardiovascular development focuses on 

normal and abnormal formation of the heart and major 

blood vessels. It encompasses research on embryonic 

and fetal cardiovascular development and on the diagnosis and treatment of congenital and acquired pediatric 

heart disease. The Institute is supporting studies on 

molecular, cellular, genetic, environmental, and mechanical mechanisms of normal cardiovascular development, 

as well as congenital cardiovascular malformations. A 

multicenter clinical research network, the Pediatric Heart 

Network, has been initiated to study the diagnosis and 

treatment of congenital and acquired pediatric CVD. 

Research studies in cardiac function and failure focus 

on the fundamental mechanisms associated with the 

structure, function, mechanics, and bioenergetics of normal and diseased myocardium; the role that contractile 

and matrix proteins play in the cardiovascular system; 

and the causes of cardiac hypertrophy and the subsequent transition from hypertrophy to heart failure. Targeted projects encompass molecular, cellular, and 

physiological studies of diabetic cardiomyopathy; pathogenesis of heart failure, with emphasis on apoptosis (programmed cell death), myocyte division and growth, and 

cell transplantation; studies to identify modifiers of gene 

defects leading to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 

heart failure; and basic research to improve cardiopulmonary and neurological outcomes following resuscitation from cardiopulmonary arrest.

Scientists engaged in research on ischemic heart disease are investigating the etiology and pathophysiology 

of the disease and its consequences. Studies include 

myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris, coronary 

thrombosis, coronary blood flow, and myocardial revascularization and reperfusion. Researchers are seeking 

ways to improve the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial ischemia. Of particular importance are programs 

directed at understanding the pathophysiology of 

ischemic heart disease in blacks.

Projects related to cardiac arrhythmia research are 

focused on elucidating the mechanisms involved in control of cardiac electrical activity, especially as it relates to 

sudden cardiac death. Scientists are seeking to understand how cardiac membrane biophysics, membrane 

structure and organization, ion pumps and channels, and 

transport and gap junction proteins contribute to electrogenesis. They are also investigating the impact of 

genetic influences—including mutations underlying 

arrhythmic diseases—on arrhythmogenesis and sudden 

cardiac death. Of special importance are studies directed 

at understanding electrical remodeling and genetic 

defects in long QT syndrome (arrhythmic disease) and 

other arrhythmic disorders. Finding pharmacologic 

agents that are effective in regulating cardiac rhythm and 

rate is also a major research priority.

The Vascular Biology Research Program supports 

research in:

• Atherosclerosis

• Hypertension

• Biology and pathophysiology of blood vessels

• Gene therapy for prevention and treatment of 

vascular diseases.

Research in atherosclerosis encompasses the etiology, 

pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the 

disorder. Programs include the pathobiology and genetics of the vasculature; vascular growth and angiogenesis; 

interactions of the vascular wall with systemic and 

humoral factors promoting atherogenesis; and lesion 

progression, complication, and regression. Targeted 

areas involve characterization of atherosclerotic plaque 

prone to rupture, pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms, the role of homocysteinemia in atherosclerosis, 

mechanisms of atherosclerosis in various vascular beds, 

and research on atherosclerotic lesions using human 

autopsy tissue. Additional studies focus on pathobiological determinants of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus, vessel-wall calcification, 

the role of infectious agents in atherosclerosis, immuno-
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14

biology of the vessel wall, hormone replacement therapy 

(HRT) on atherosclerosis, and effect of protease inhibitors on atherosclerosis development in HIV infection. 

Of special interest is understanding atherosclerosis risk 

among minorities. 

Studies related to hypertension focus on identifying 

and characterizing genes involved with hypertension; 

elucidating regulation mechanisms associated with blood 

pressure control; identifying causative factors of essential hypertension, as well as rare forms of high blood 

pressure; examining mechanisms by which high blood 

pressure increases the risk of, or occurs concomitantly 

with other diseases, such as kidney failure, stroke, diabetes, atherosclerosis, preeclampsia, and left ventricular 

hypertrophy; and developing preventive strategies, as 

well as novel interventions for hypertension. Additional 

areas of interest include understanding the biological 

underpinnings of salt sensitivity; identifying neurological mechanisms responsible for long-term control of 

blood pressure and functional neurological changes that 

result in essential hypertension; and understanding the 

basis of target-organ damage in hypertension. Of special 

interest is eliminating health disparities among minorities and between men and women. 

Basic and clinical studies on arteriogenesis (formation 

of new arteries), angiogenesis (formation of new blood 

vessels), and the biology and pathophysiology of blood 

vessel structure and function in the cerebral, coronary, 

and peripheral vascular beds are designed to increase 

understanding of how oxygen, nutrient, and fluid 

exchange occurs within vessels; how vascular inflammatory response originates and contributes to CVD; how 

blood flow within the tissues is autoregulated; how vascular smooth muscle contraction is altered; how new 

vessels are formed; and how vascular remodeling is 

orchestrated. Scientists are investigating ways to control 

the inflammatory response in blood vessels, manipulate 

mechanisms that regulate blood flow, and stimulate the 

formation of new blood vessels (especially after an 

ischemic event in the brain, heart, or a limb).

Gene transfer is being used to deliver growth factors 

to the myocardium to promote development of new 

blood vessels. Clinical trials are under way to test the 

safety and efficacy of this approach in humans. Ultimately, these studies should offer insight into developing 

new therapeutic agents for ischemic disease.

The Clinical and Molecular Medicine Program 

(CMMP) supports basic, applied, clinical, and engineering research in:

• Cardiovascular medicine

• Bioengineering

• Genomic applications.

Research in cardiovascular medicine is focused on 

new strategies to ameliorate disease through improving 

risk stratification and management and developing novel 

drugs and therapies. In addition to risk factor reduction, 

healthy lifestyles and behaviors are emphasized. The 

preventive and therapeutic potential of nutrition and 

exercise are currently being evaluated. To date, hormone 

replacement trials consistently demonstrate lack of benefit with regard to cardiovascular outcomes despite benefits suggested by fundamental and observational data. 

Devices are used to prevent fatal consequences of ventricular fibrillation in patients at high risk of sudden 

death, improve ventricular function in heart failure 

patients with intraventricular conduction delays, and 

improve survival in selected end-stage heart failure 

patients who are ineligible for heart transplantation. The 

development of drug-eluting stents holds promise of significant reduction of restenosis even in patients with a 

tendency for a hypercellular response to coronary interventions. Current projects encompass developing new 

strategies for acute and chronic heart disease, cardiomyopathies of different etiologies (i.e., ischemic, valvular, 

genetic, metabolic, and HIV-related), peripheral vascular 

disease, aortic aneurysms, and restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions. Examples of therapies and 

approaches include diet, exercise, and pharmacologic 

management of dyslipidemias, genetic susceptibility and 

directed treatment, diagnosis and management of 

arrhythmias, surgical and medical management of heart 

failure, and novel imaging of atherosclerosis. Studies 

also seek to understand and reduce disparities associated 

with minority and women’s cardiovascular health. 

Bioengineering applies engineering theory to advance 

knowledge at the genetic, molecular, cellular, tissue, and 

organ levels and to develop new biologic materials, processes, devices, and systems. Research on the treatment 

of advanced heart failure is leading to the development 

of innovative ventricular assist systems and the artificial 

heart as a bridge to cardiac transplant and myocardial 

recovery, and eventually, to the artificial heart for permanent circulatory support. A broad program of functional 

tissue engineering research using biomimetic culture 
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

15

conditions and in vivo approaches has been initiated to 

address the clinical need for tissue regeneration, repair, 

and replacement. Additional areas being supported 

include imaging techniques for CVD diagnosis and treatment in a diverse program of x-ray, magnetic resonance, 

positron emission, ultrasound, and nuclear medicine 

research projects, and molecular, cellular, and functional 

imaging methods. Nanotechnology and nanoscience will 

bring new opportunities in diagnostics and biosensors, 

tissue engineering, bioimaging, and drug delivery.

Genomic applications covers the research and development of resources related to genetics, genomics, proteomics, informatics, and gene transfer, as well as their 

application, for heart, lung, and blood diseases. The 

NHLBI Mammalian Genotyping Service, the Rat 

Genome Sequencing Program, the Rat Genome Database, the Programs for Genomic Applications, the 

NHLBI Microarray Facilities, the NIH BISTIC (Biomedical Information Science and Technology Initiative 

Consortium) Initiatives, and the NHLBI Proteomics Initiatives are programs supported by the CMMP. Additional areas of focus include gene mapping studies to 

identify the genetic variation that underlies common 

CVDs, functional genomics, bioinformatics and biocomputing, and microarray development.

Division of Lung Diseases 

Lung diseases are among the leading causes of death 

and disability in the United States. As an underlying 

cause, excluding lung cancers, they accounted for 

233,000 deaths in 2000 and were a contributing factor to 

more than 300,000 additional deaths. More than 30 million persons have chronic bronchitis, emphysema, 

asthma, or other obstructive or interstitial lung diseases. 

In 2000, pulmonary diseases accounted for 27 percent of 

all hospitalizations of children younger than 15 years of 

age in the United States. The projected economic cost to 

the Nation in 2003 is about $126 billion, of which $70 

billion will be for health-related expenditures and $56 

billion will be for lost productivity.

The DLD plans and directs a coordinated research 

program on the causes and progression of lung diseases 

and on their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Areas 

of interest include the biology and function of the respiratory system, the fundamental mechanisms associated 

with specific pulmonary disorders, and the development 

of new treatment strategies for patients. Demonstration 

and education projects to transfer basic research and 

clinical findings to health care professionals and patients, 

as well as training and career development programs for 

individuals interested in furthering their professional 

abilities in lung diseases research, are also important 

activities. A variety of funding mechanisms, including 

research grants, contracts, cooperative agreements, 

SCORs, career development awards, fellowships, and 

research training grants are used to support these activities.

The DLD has two major programs:

• Airway Biology and Disease Program

• Lung Biology and Disease Program.

The Airway Biology and Disease Program supports 

basic and clinical studies related to:

• Asthma

• Cystic fibrosis

• COPD and environmental lung diseases

• Neurobiology and sleep.

Basic research in asthma focuses on elucidating the 

etiology and pathophysiology of the disease. Studies 

include investigating cellular and molecular mechanisms 

associated with the development, exacerbation, and persistence of asthma and the impact of the environment on 

these mechanisms; identifying susceptibility genes that 

influence development, progression, outcome, and 

response to treatment in different racial groups; and 

determining the differences between the pathophysiology of severe asthma and mild-to-moderate asthma.

Clinical research focuses on improving asthma management and reducing health disparities in asthma that 

exist between whites and other ethnic groups, as well as 

economically disadvantaged populations. Two asthma 

networks have been established to assess new treatment 

strategies and ensure rapid dissemination of research 

findings to health care professionals. In FY 2002, the 

Division established cooperative partnerships between 

minority-serving institutions and research-intensive 

institutions to examine factors that contribute to health 

disparities and develop strategies for their elimination. 

The purpose of the partnership is to conduct collaborative research on asthma disparities and provide reciprocal training experiences to enhance research opportunities and capabilities and enrich the cultural sensitivity at 

both institutions. 
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

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Scientists participating in CF research are investigating the origins and control of infections and inflammatory and immune responses in the lungs of CF patients, 

examining loss of CF transmembrane conductance regulation on development of CF, determining the modifying 

effects of other genes on its manifestation, and delineating genetic and metabolic defects underlying pulmonary 

complications associated with CF. Developing new 

genetic, pharmacologic, and nonpharmacologic (e.g., 

gene transfer) treatments is also an area of focus.

Research in COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis 

and emphysema, is concerned with understanding the 

underlying causes of the disorder and improving disease 

treatment and management. Investigators are examining 

the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of COPD; 

searching for genes that may make some individuals 

more susceptible to the development of the disorder; 

seeking to identify and characterize biomarkers of 

COPD presence, severity, and exacerbation; evaluating 

treatment strategies (i.e., lung volume reduction surgery, 

long-term smoking cessation intervention, and retinoic 

acid therapy); and applying gene therapy to correct the 

defective gene or to introduce the functional gene for 

alpha-1 antitrypsin in deficient individuals with familial 

emphysema.

Scientists in sleep research are seeking to understand 

the neurobiology of breathing control during sleep and 

sleep apnea, examining the health consequences of 

sleep-disordered breathing, and developing treatments 

for sleep apnea.

The Lung Biology and Disease Program supports 

basic and clinical research in:

• Lung cell and vascular biology 

• Developmental biology and pediatric lung disease

• Critical care and acute lung injury

• AIDS and TB

• Immunology and fibrosis.

The molecular and cellular biology of alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells and the lung surfactant system 

are important areas of interest for scientists in lung cell 

and vascular biology research. In the vascular biology 

program, researchers are examining regulation of the 

pulmonary vasculature, including cell growth and signaling, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of primary pulmonary hypertension. They are also seeking to 

identify genes related to lung function and develop new 

methods to deliver drugs via lung epithelial cells. 

Developmental biology and pediatric lung disease 

research focuses on normal lung development and factors that contribute to abnormal lung development. Scientists are studying the effects of prenatal and postnatal 

infections and reactive inflammation on lung development in infancy and early childhood, especially vulnerable stages of lung maturation, to gain information on 

lung development and long-term lung function. Investigators are also seeking to identify genes and molecules 

that regulate formation of lung alveoli in order to design 

new treatments for lung diseases. The creation of a 

molecular profile of bronchopulmonary dysplasia will 

advance understanding of the condition and lead to 

effective clinical intervention. Clinical trials are evaluating the safety and efficacy of nitric oxide in preventing 

and treating chronic lung disease in newborn infants. 

The program supports multidisciplinary approaches to 

improving our understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of acute lung injury and the molecular and 

cellular pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition, it maintains an ARDS network to evaluate the efficacy of different therapeutic 

strategies, such as pulmonary artery catheterization versus central venous catheterization, fluid management, 

and anti-inflammatory agents, including corticosteroids, 

in patients with the disorder and those at risk.

AIDS researchers are seeking to develop animal models of HIV-related lung disease that will enable them to 

study the basic pathogenetic mechanisms involved in 

lung disorders, with the ultimate goal of providing information that will lead to new treatment strategies. Pneumocystic pneumonia, lymphoid interstitial lung diseases, 

and TB are among the prominent complications found in 

HIV patients. Human studies include multiple racial 

groups in the United States and abroad.

The interstitial diseases program includes basic 

research on genetic factors that influence sarcoidosis in 

blacks and genes that increase susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis. Clinical research focuses on lymphangioleiomyomatosis, cyclophosphamide in the treatment for 

pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma patients, and causes 

of noninfectious pneumonia associated with bone marrow transplantation.
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

17

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood diseases, including both acute and chronic disorders, resulted in 263,000 deaths in 2000; 254,000 of 

them were due to thrombotic disorders, and 9,000 were 

due to diseases of the red blood cells and bleeding disorders. In 2003, thrombotic disorders and other blood diseases will cost an estimated $93 billion, of which $57 

billion will be for health expenditures and $36 billion for 

lost productivity.

The DBDR has a dual role within the Institute. It 

develops, administers, and coordinates programs both to 

reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by blood diseases and to lead to their primary prevention. Diseases 

addressed include sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, 

Cooley’s anemia (also known as thalassemia), and disorders of hemostasis and thrombosis. The Division is also 

responsible for ensuring the adequacy and safety of the 

Nation’s blood supply. A full range of activities, including studies of the transmission of disease through transfusion, development of methods to inactivate viruses in 

donated blood, improvement of blood donor screening 

procedures, research to reduce human error in transfusion medicine, and studies of emerging diseases that may 

be transmitted by blood transfusion are used to achieve 

this goal. Demonstration and education projects are supported to ensure that the research knowledge acquired is 

translated and disseminated to physicians, health care 

professionals, patients, and the public. The Division 

uses a variety of funding mechanisms, including research 

grants, contracts, cooperative agreements, centers, career 

development awards, fellowships, and research training 

grants to support its mission.

The Division consists of two programs: 

• Blood Diseases Program

• Blood Resources Program.

The Blood Diseases Program focuses its research and 

training on such areas in hematology and hematologic 

diseases as:

• Thalassemia 

• Sickle cell disease

• Cellular hematology

• Stem cells.

Research in thalassemia and SCD ranges from elucidating their etiology and pathophysiology to improving 

disease treatment and management. Areas of emphasis 

include genetics, regulation of hemoglobin synthesis, 

iron chelation, development of drugs to increase fetal 

hemoglobin production, gene therapy, and stem cell 

transplantation. Animal models are another area of interest. Recently, scientists have successfully corrected 

SCD in mice using gene therapy. Clinical studies in 

SCD are examining the natural history of the disorder, 

stroke prevention, and long-term effects of hydroxyurea 

therapy. A Phase III clinical trial is determining whether 

hydroxyurea is effective in preventing chronic end organ 

damage in children with SCD.

A thalassemia clinical network has been established to 

evaluate new treatment strategies and ensure that 

research findings on optimal management of the disease 

are rapidly disseminated to practitioners and health care 

professionals.

Research in cellular hematology is focused on reducing morbidity and mortality caused by disorders of the 

hematopoietic system, as well as preventing their occurrence. Areas of interest include red blood cell membrane 

and enzyme systems, hematopoiesis and stem cell biology, and Cooley’s anemia and other hemoglobin variants. 

The goal of stem cell research is to develop an effective treatment involving gene therapy to cure SCD. Scientists are focusing on new, less toxic conditioning 

regimens and other factors that could have a positive 

impact on engraftment.

The Blood Resources Program plans and directs 

research and training in:

• Thrombosis and hemostasis 

• Bone marrow transplantation

• Transfusion medicine.

Research in thrombosis and hemostasis is directed 

toward understanding the pathogenesis of both arterial 

and venous thrombosis. Scientists are seeking to gain 

knowledge that will lead to improved diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of thrombosis in MI and stroke. One 

of the goals is to find additional platelet inhibitors, anticoagulants, and fibrinolytic agents that will improve 

specificity and reduce side effects when used in treatment.

Finding an effective treatment for hemophilia is 

another major priority. Researchers are using different 

approaches to study gene therapy for the disorder. Three 
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18

Phase I clinical trials to test the safety of these procedures are under way. Bleeding disorders related to 

defects in coagulation proteins or abnormal platelet function, such as the immune thrombocytopenias, are also 

being investigated.

Bone marrow transplantation research focuses on 

basic and clinical studies in allogeneic blood and marrow 

transplantation, including graft versus host disease 

(GVHD), use of unrelated donors, tolerance induction, 

and clinical trials using cord blood and T-cell depleted 

grafts. Major concerns involve overcoming human 

leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching barriers so that more 

patients will have access to potential donors, and 

modifying toxic pretransplant regimens that are used to 

eradicate a patient’s blood cell system and enhance 

engraftment. Additional areas of interest include graft 

engineering; ex vivo expansion of stem and progenitor 

cells for clinical use; and diagnosis, prevention, and 

treatment of major complications from transplantation.

Research in transfusion medicine includes studies of 

transmission of disease through transfusion, development of methods to inactivate viruses in donated blood, 

improvement of blood donor screening procedures, and 

studies of emerging diseases that may be transmitted by 

blood transfusions. Scientists are involved in basic and 

clinical investigations related to transfusion immunobiology, focusing on GVHD, graft versus leukemia effect, 

and dendritic cell therapies.

Division of Epidemiology and Clinical 

Applications

The DECA plans, directs, and evaluates research on 

the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases, as well as on the 

need for technological development in the acquisition 

and application of research findings in these areas. It 

supports epidemiologic studies, clinical trials, demonstration and education research, disease prevention and 

health promotion research, and basic and applied 

research in behavioral medicine. A variety of funding 

mechanisms is used, including research grants, contracts, 

cooperative agreements, career development awards, fellowships, and research training grants.

The Division has two major programs:

• Clinical Applications and Prevention Program

• Epidemiology and Biometry Program

and the Office of Biostatistics Research.

The Clinical Applications and Prevention Program is 

divided into three major areas:

• Prevention

• Clinical trials

• Behavioral medicine.

Research in the prevention of cardiovascular, lung, 

and blood diseases encompasses clinical trials, community intervention studies, prevention trials, nutrition studies, health education research, and behavioral medicine 

studies. The program supports a number of multicenter 

prevention and education trials to test the efficacy and 

effectiveness of, and demonstrate the capability of, prevention strategies designed to reduce cardiovascular risk 

factors. Major studies include determining the effectiveness of school- and home-based interventions to reduce 

development of CVD risk factors in children, especially 

those from minority populations; examining the effects 

of dietary patterns, sodium intake, and other lifestyle factors on blood pressure; and comparing the efficacy of 

various treatments to prevent major cardiovascular 

events in adults with diabetes. Studies on increasing the 

implementation of interventions known to be effective 

are of particular interest.

Clinical trials are used to evaluate the effectiveness of 

various medical procedures and therapeutic agents in 

patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension, and 

heart failure. Examples include assessing the long-term 

safety and efficacy of an angiotensin-converting enzyme 

(ACE) inhibitor to prevent major CVD events in patients 

with documented normal ventricular function, testing the 

ability of selected antihypertensive and lipid-lowering 

drugs to prevent heart attacks among individuals at high 

risk for hypertension and CHD, and comparing the use of 

an implantable cardiac defibrillator to conventional pharmacologic therapy to improve survival among heart failure patients.

Research in behavioral medicine focuses on biopsychological and sociocultural factors involved in heart, 

lung, and blood diseases. Areas of interest include central nervous system regulation of the cardiovascular system; identification of psychosocial factors (social 

support, depression, and hostility) affecting disease etiology, treatment, and rehabilitation; and effects of psychosocial and behavioral interventions on risk factors 

(smoking, adverse diet, physical inactivity), disease outcomes, and quality of life. Study participants are from 

all levels of health and from all ages and racial groups. 
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

19

The Epidemiology and Biometry Program supports 

and conducts research using:

• Field studies and clinical epidemiology

• Genetic epidemiology

• Analytical resources.

Investigators are conducting long-term epidemiological studies of heart and vascular, lung, and blood diseases in defined populations in the United States and 

other countries. These studies focus on the development 

and progression of CVD risk factors in children and 

young adults, the development and progression of atherosclerosis measured noninvasively or at autopsy in 

middle-aged or older adults, and the development and 

progression of overt cardiovascular and pulmonary disease in older adults. Areas of emphasis include genetic 

and environmental influences on CVD and its risk factors; trends in incidence, prevalence, and mortality from 

CVD, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, CHF, and cardiomyopathy; and relationships between insulin, insulin 

resistance, and overt diabetes and CVD and its risk factors. Another area of interest is the incidence of and 

mortality from cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases. 

Research strategies apply family, longitudinal, demographic, and vital statistics to study their natural history, 

etiology, and epidemiology.

Genetic epidemiology has become an increasingly 

important component of the DECA Research Program. 

Several long-term studies of twins, multiple generations, 

Native Americans, and blacks focus on related individuals to estimate heritability and identify genes that contribute to the development of CVD risk factors and CVD. 

Other long-term studies are storing DNA and testing 

candidate genes from unrelated individuals. In addition 

to examining associations between CHD risk factors and 

development of atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and stroke in adults and the elderly, investigators 

will seek to identify and characterize genes related to 

CHD and atherosclerosis and to determine how they 

interact with environmental factors in the development 

of disease. Additional studies are underway to identify 

genetic factors influencing coronary and aortic calcification and individual variability in the inflammatory 

response and to investigate gene-environment interaction, collaborative approaches to linkage analysis, and 

population screening for genetic diseases.

The program also focuses on understanding the relationships between insulin, insulin resistance, overt diabetes, and CVD and its risk factors. Scientists are 

attempting to find and characterize genes linked to risk 

factors that are associated with the insulin resistance syndrome and diabetes. Research strategies include family 

and longitudinal studies in racially diverse populations.

The Office of Biostatistics Research is responsible for 

providing statistical expertise to the Institute on planning, designing, implementing, and analyzing NHLBIsponsored studies. When called upon, it develops new 

statistical solutions to problems for which techniques are 

not yet available. Designing efficient trials and monitoring data collection are important functions of the office. 

Research includes new methods for permitting extension 

or early suspension of ongoing randomized clinical 

trials, methods for analyzing complex survival data, 

trials with multiple endpoints, and trials involving multiple treatments.

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

An estimated 70 million people in the United States 

suffer from sleep problems, and nearly 60 percent of 

them have a chronic disorder. About 30 million U.S. 

adults have frequent or chronic insomnia, approximately 

12 million have sleep apnea, and an estimated 250,000 

have narcolepsy. Additionally, approximately 100,000 

accidents and 1,500 traffic fatalities a year are sleeprelated. More than 50 percent of Americans over age 65 

have sleep difficulties. As the over-65 population grows, 

sleep problems will affect an even greater proportion of 

the U.S. population. Each year, sleep disorders, sleep 

deprivation, and excessive daytime sleepiness add $16 

billion to the national health care bill.

The NCSDR plans, directs, and supports a program of 

basic, clinical, and applied research, health education, 

research training, and prevention-related research in 

sleep, chronobiology, and sleep disorders. It oversees 

developments in its program areas; assesses the national 

needs for research on causes, diagnosis, treatment, and 

prevention of sleep disorders and sleepiness; and coordinates sleep research activities across the Federal Government and with professional, voluntary, and private 

organizations. The Center promotes information-sharing 

among them and encourages their cooperation to plan 

and implement relevant interdisciplinary programs. 

In 2002, an NCSDR-appointed task force revised the 

first National Sleep Disorders Research Plan, which was 

released in 1996. The Trans-NIH Sleep Research Coor-
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

20

dinating Committee and the Sleep Disorders Research 

Advisory Board shared responsibility for approval of the 

final revised plan and also provided assistance. The 

updated plan summarizes the extensive progress in the 

field since that time, outlines the major gaps in knowledge, and concludes with a list of new research priorities.

The neurobiology of sleep and sleep apnea and the 

cardiovascular effects of sleep-related breathing disorders continue to be major areas of emphasis for the 

NCSDR. In FY 2002, new programs were initiated on 

sleep disorders in children and on the interrelationship of 

sleep to heart, lung, and blood diseases in children and 

adults. Workshops focusing on sleep, fatigue, and 

medical training; the role of sleep in memory; and cardiovascular and sleep-related consequences of temporomandibular disorders were held to identify gaps in 

knowledge and to prioritize opportunities for new 

research.

Multidisciplinary research training programs in sleep 

biology and sleep disorders are being supported to 

ensure that highly trained scientists are available to 

address important gaps in the current biomedical and 

biological understanding of sleep, including those outlined in the NIH Director’s Sleep Disorders Research 

Plan. Among them is the Sleep Academic Award Program, designed to develop comprehensive curricula on 

sleep and sleep disorders for enhanced learning by medical students, residents and practicing physicians, and 

other health care professionals. In collaboration with the 

American Academy for Sleep Medicine, the Sleep Academic Award Program developed a Web page that 

includes more than 50 curricular resources for basic science and clinical educators in the health sciences.

The NCSDR continues to work closely with the 

NHLBI Office of Prevention, Education, and Control 

(OPEC) on sleep problems and sleep disorder education 

for physicians and the general public. A video program, 

“Sleep Apnea: Is Your Patient at Risk,” was recently 

developed for clinicians and hospital staff as part of a 

continuing medical education series. 

Reaching children and adolescents with messages about 

sleep and sleep disorders is a major priority. Educational 

activities for 2002 include developing a curriculum on the 

biology of sleep for high school science teachers, revamping the Garfield Star Sleep Campaign Web site, and 

convening a working group to address sleepiness in adolescents and young adults (ages 13 to 22). 

Women’s Health Initiative

 The WHI, established by the NIH in 1991, was transferred to the NHLBI on October 1, 1997. Its mission is 

to address the most common causes of death, disability, 

and impaired quality of life in postmenopausal women. 

These include heart disease, breast and colorectal cancer, 

and osteoporosis.

 The WHI is a 15-year project consisting of three 

major components: a randomized, controlled, clinical 

trial of promising but unproven approaches to prevention; an observational study to identify predictors of 

disease; and a study of community approaches to developing healthful behaviors.

The clinical trial and the observational study include 

more than 161,000 women ages 50 to 79; approximately 

18 percent are minorities. Specifically, the clinical trial, 

consisting of approximately 68,000 women to be followed for an average of 9 years, has three parts: HRT, 

diet modification, and calcium and vitamin D supplements. The HRT portion of the trial is investigating the 

risks and benefits of combined estrogen and progestin on 

CHD, breast cancer, and osteoporosis risk in women 

with a uterus; women who have had a hysterectomy 

before joining the WHI hormone program are given 

estrogen alone. The dietary modification portion is 

examining the ability of a diet low in fat but high in 

fruits, vegetables, and grains to prevent breast and colorectal cancers and heart disease and the calcium, and 

vitamin D supplements portion is seeking to determine 

the ability of the two nutrients to prevent fractures and 

reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. 

Women who were ineligible or unwilling to participate 

in the clinical trial were encouraged to enroll in a concurrent long-term observational study that involves no specific intervention, but is tracking their medical history 

and health habits for 9 years. The study is looking for 

predictors and biological markers—including genetic 

markers—for disease. 

A key component of the observation study is the introduction of new forms of HRT, in particular those that are 

from natural sources and those that are designer estrogens. Investigators will compare the data from the clinical trial with the data from the observational study to 

determine the benefits and risks of various forms of 

estrogen. 
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

21

Forty clinical centers have recruited postmenopausal 

women for the clinical trial and the observational study. 

Ten of the centers recruited primarily minority populations: blacks, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Pacific 

Islanders, and American Indians. 

The community prevention study component is focusing on community-based strategies to enhance adoption of 

healthful behaviors, especially among women of different 

races, ethnic groups, and socioeconomic strata. Its goal is 

to develop carefully evaluated model programs that can be 

implemented in a wide range of communities throughout 

the United States. Areas of emphasis include reduction of 

CVD among black women; peer support among black 

women; environmental factors and physical activity in 

women; osteoporosis prevention, education, and outreach; 

diabetic care in minority women; methods to enhance 

physical activity in women; and women’s attitudes regarding surgical menopause and HRT.

On July 9, 2002, the NHLBI announced an early end 

to the WHI’s estrogen-plus-progestin trial, which was 

scheduled to run until 2005, because the risks outweighed the benefits. Specifically, investigators discovered increased risks of invasive breast cancer, heart 

attacks, stroke, and blood clots in study participants on 

the combined therapy compared to women taking placebo pills. They also found decreases in hip fractures 

and colon cancer in the treatment group compared to the 

control group. Although the actual increased risk of 

breast cancer or CVD for women on long-term estrogen 

plus progestin was very small—less than one-tenth of 1 

percent per year—applied to the entire population of 

women over several years, its potential public health 

impact could be significant. 

A separate study of estrogen alone among women who 

have had a hysterectomy is continuing, so the balance of 

risks and benefits for that treatment strategy is still 

unknown. Currently, the Data and Safety Monitoring 

Board has determined that the number of cases of invasive breast cancer has not exceeded the statistical boundary established to ensure participant safety. 

Division of Intramural Research

The DIR conducts clinical research on normal and 

pathophysiological functioning of the heart, lung, blood, 

and vascular systems, and basic research on normal and 

abnormal cellular behavior at the molecular level. In FY 

2001, the clinical and laboratory research programs were 

modified to consolidate some of the research effort. In 

the Clinical Research Program, the Cardiology and Vascular Biology Laboratories were combined to form the 

Cardiovascular Branch. In the Laboratory Research Program, the Laboratory of Developmental Biology was 

created, and the Laboratory of Molecular Biology was 

abolished.

Research foci of the 16 laboratories and branches and 

the core facilities range from structural organic chemistry to cardiology. Major areas of interest include mechanisms of gene regulation, gene transfer, and gene 

therapy; molecular basis of lipoprotein dysfunctions and 

atherogenic process; molecular basis of vascular diseases; molecular basis of diseases of alveolar structures 

of the lung and design of new therapeutic modalities; 

cellular and molecular events underlying ischemic heart 

disease and myocardial hypertrophy; biochemical events 

associated with aging and certain pathologic processes; 

molecular, structural, and developmental aspects of muscle and nonmuscle contractile systems; biochemistry and 

physiology of calcium channels; molecular and cellular 

processes for conversion of metabolic energy into useful 

work; molecular basis of transmembrane signaling and 

signal transduction pathways; pathophysiology of renal 

function at cellular and molecular levels; biochemistry of 

trace nutrients; enzyme kinetics, metabolic regulation, 

and protein chemistry; and cellular and molecular basis 

of toxicity induced by drugs and other foreign compounds.

The DIR is located on the 300-acre NIH campus in 

Bethesda. It has a staff of 723, including approximately 

359 doctoral-level scientists, 65 of whom are in tenured or 

tenure-track positions. Approximately 150 guest workers 

contribute importantly to the research. This combined 

staff occupies a total space of about 115,000 square feet 

and has the use of 53 beds in the NIH Clinical Center.

Office of Prevention, Education, and Control

 The OPEC coordinates the translation and dissemination of research findings and scientific consensus to 

health professionals, patients, and the public so that 

information can be adapted for and integrated into health 

care practice and individual health behavior. To accomplish its mission, OPEC established health education 

programs and initiatives that address high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, asthma, early warning signs 

of heart attack, obesity, and sleep disorders. The pro-
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

22

grams use two strategies: one focuses on individuals at 

high risk; the other focuses on the general public. The 

four largest programs have coordinating committees consisting of national medical, public health, and voluntary 

organizations and of other Federal agencies. These committees help to plan, implement, and evaluate program 

efforts in professional, patient, and public education.

 The National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) was initiated in 1972 to reduce death 

and disability related to high blood pressure through professional, patient, and public education programs. It is a 

cooperative effort among the NHLBI, professional and 

voluntary health agencies, and State health departments 

that has served as a model for national health education 

programs and continues to be adopted by other national 

and international groups. Special attention is directed to 

reducing health disparities among hypertensives. 

Since the program’s inception, the number of people 

with hypertension aware of their condition has increased 

fourfold, and four times as many are treating and controlling their disease. Data from the National Health and 

Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) indicate that 

over the past four decades, mean systolic blood pressure 

has declined by 10 mmHg and age-adjusted mortality 

rates from heart disease and stroke have fallen by 50 percent and 60 percent, respectively.

The program continues its mission of translating 

research results to improve medical care outcomes and 

the public’s health. It is committed to raising public 

awareness of the importance of adopting a heart-healthy 

lifestyle. Research has identified steps that individuals 

can take to control their blood pressure and to lower their 

risk of heart disease. For example, certain dietary habits 

can decrease blood pressure and can prevent it from rising. The DASH diet—rich in fruits and vegetables, low 

in saturated and total fat and cholesterol, and containing 

low-fat dairy products—has been shown to be beneficial 

for individuals who have high blood pressure and for 

those who wish to prevent high blood pressure. Combined with a reduced salt intake, the diet can further 

lower blood pressure.

 In 2002, community and professional activities 

focused on updating the Primary Prevention Report, 

encouraging communities to hold local events to mark 

May as National High Blood Pressure Education Month, 

and redesigning and expanding “Your Guide to Lowering High Blood Pressure” Web page. The NHLBI initiated the development of a major repositioning strategy, 

which will include new partners, to enhance its position 

as the U.S. leader in high blood pressure prevention and 

control, raise the importance of high blood pressure on 

the national public agenda, and reach individual audiences by designing activities directed specifically to 

them. In addition, along with the SPRY (Setting Priorities for Retirement Years) Foundation, it launched a 2-

year pilot project to raise awareness about high and high 

normal blood pressure; risk factors and treatment; and 

prevention strategies among multigenerations, from 

school-age children (ages 11 to 13) to older adults (ages 

55 and over). The project involves various intervention 

components: a school-delivered curriculum module for 

middle school aged students with outreach to parents and 

grandparents, a senior center-delivered curriculum module for older adults, intergenerational workshops, and a 

training program for teachers and senior center personnel 

involved in implementing the program and community 

outreach. 

The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) 

was initiated in 1985 to educate health professionals and 

the public about high blood cholesterol as a risk factor 

for CHD and about the benefits of lowering cholesterol 

levels to reduce illness and deaths from CHD. From 

1983 to 1995, the percentage of the public who had their 

cholesterol checked rose from 35 percent to 75 percent, 

showing that 70 million to 80 million more Americans 

were aware of their cholesterol levels in 1995 than in 

1983. Moreover, in 1995 physicians reported initiating 

diet and drug treatment at much lower cholesterol levels 

than in 1983. Major elements of the NCEP guidelines 

for detection and treatment have become established 

practice.

NHANES III (1988–1994) data demonstrate that the 

NCEP’s dual strategy—one emphasizing the need for 

detection and treatment for individuals whose high blood 

cholesterol places them at increased risk for CHD and 

the other encouraging heart-healthy eating patterns to 

lower average cholesterol levels for the general public— 

has had a substantial effect on measured blood cholesterol levels of U.S. adults. Since 1978, the intake of saturated fat, total fat, and cholesterol among the general 

public decreased significantly, resulting in an impressive 

decline in average blood cholesterol levels. The prevalence of high blood cholesterol in the U.S. population 

has also fallen significantly. Cholesterol levels in adolescents likewise have declined.
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

23

 In 2002, the NCEP focused its attention on disseminating the new “Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) 

Guidelines” on managing high cholesterol in adults. It 

developed a Web-based kit of materials derived from the 

Guidelines to support cholesterol education for Cholesterol Month 2002 and throughout the year. An ATP III 

Opinion Leader Dissemination kit was distributed to 

influential members of the medical community to 

encourage them to use the Guidelines and communicate 

their importance to professional colleagues. The NCEP 

is producing a new patient booklet on therapeutic lifestyle changes based on the ATP III recommendations. 

Additional activities include developing an action plan 

for reducing lifetime risk for CHD and convening an 

international conference on scientific issues that should 

be addressed in developing cardiovascular guidelines. 

The NHLBI, the American College of Cardiology, and 

the American Heart Association issued a clinical advisory on the use and safety of statins—specifically focusing on myopathy—in response to concerns that arose 

after cerivastatin was voluntarily withdrawn from the 

market by its manufacturer. The advisory provides reassurance that the benefits of statins far outweigh the risks 

if patients are properly selected and attention is paid to 

possible side effects. 

The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) was initiated in March 1989 to raise 

awareness of asthma as a serious, chronic disease; to promote more effective management of asthma through professional, patient, and public education; and to provide 

up-to-date information on asthma care. The program 

works with schools, health care professionals, and 

patients to improve asthma care, prevent disruptions of 

daily routine, limit hospitalizations, and reduce deaths 

caused by uncontrolled asthma. Special attention is 

directed to minority populations who are at increased 

risk.

The dissemination and implementation of national 

guidelines on the diagnosis and management of asthma 

are major priorities. In 2002, based on a review of the 

evidence report on asthma management, a panel of 

experts updated selected topics of the 1997 Guidelines. 

The final document, Expert Panel Report: Guidelines for 

the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma—Updates on 

Selected Topics 2002, and a Quick Reference summary 

can be found on the NHLBI Web site. The NAEPP is 

currently evaluating its partnerships with a local asthma 

coalition program—a grassroots program established 

especially in underserved, high-risk communities 

throughout the country—to gain information that will 

contribute to the development of innovative approaches 

to asthma management. 

 In 2002, the Federal Liaison Group on Asthma 

(FLGA), of which the NAEPP is a member, developed a 

briefing paper to explain the changes in the method for 

estimating asthma that caused confusion among the public and policymakers about asthma prevalence trends. 

The NAEPP participated in the preparation of three documents: the revised Managing Asthma: A Guide for 

Schools; Making a Difference in the Management of 

Asthma: A Guide for Respiratory Therapists; and Key 

Clinical Activities for Quality Asthma Care. 

The National Heart Attack Alert Program (NHAAP) 

was initiated in June 1991 to reduce morbidity and mortality from MI, including out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 

through education of health professionals (e.g., physicians, nurses, and emergency medical services personnel); patients; and the public about the importance of 

rapid identification and treatment of individuals with 

heart attack symptoms. In 1997, the program’s scope 

was broadened to include early identification and treatment of individuals with acute coronary syndromes such 

as unstable angina. Since its inception, the program has 

taught health care providers in emergency departments 

and emergency medical services systems about the 

importance of reducing the interval between a heart 

attack and treatment. Available treatments, if administered soon after heart attack symptoms start, can save 

lives and minimize heart muscle damage in heart attack 

survivors. 

In 2001, the NHAAP, in partnership with the American 

Heart Association, the American Red Cross, and the 

National Council on Aging, launched a major campaign to 

urge physicians and health care providers to educate their 

patients about heart attack risk, warning signs, and steps to 

survival. As part of the campaign to increase awareness of 

the need to act fast when someone may be having a heart 

attack, the NHLBI established its “Act in Time to Heart 

Attack Signs” Web page with educational materials for 

health professionals, patients, and the public.

The Obesity Education Initiative (OEI) began in January 1991 to inform the public and health professionals 

about the health risks associated with overweight and 

obesity. Obesity is not only an independent risk factor 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

24

for CVD, but also a contributor to high blood pressure 

and high blood cholesterol and is related to sleep apnea.

In FY 2002, 50 at-risk communities belonging to the 

NHLBI Hearts N’ Parks project, made a 3-year commitment to create model community-based programs to 

increase the number of children, adults, and seniors practicing heart-healthy behaviors. Its goal is to reduce obesity, improve nutritional status, and increase physical 

activity. The American Dietetic Association, in partnership with the project, is providing nutrition consultation. A Hearts ’N Parks Web page has been established 

with information on the program. The NHLBI was a 

partner on a Memorandum of Understanding between 

the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) 

and the National Recreation and Parks Association to 

address the leading health indicators of Healthy People 

2010 (HP) related to physical inactivity and obesity and 

overweight. Other signers included the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 

(NIDDK), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the DHHS office of Disease Prevention and 

Health Promotion, and the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.

The NHLBI also served on the Steering Committee 

for the Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent and 

Decrease Overweight and Obesity. The Call to Action, 

released in 2002, states that overweight and obesity are 

among the most pressing health challenges facing our 

Nation today and may soon cause as much preventable 

death and disease as cigarette smoking.

The NHLBI Women’s Heart Health Education Initiative was launched in 2001 in response to the Women’s 

Health Research and Prevention Amendments, Public 

Law 105-304, which requires the Institute Director “to 

expand, intensify, and coordinate research and related 

activities, including information and educational programs with respect to heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases in women.” The Institute held a 

strategy development workshop, “Women’s Heart 

Health: Developing a National Health Education Action 

Plan,” to plan an agenda for the new health education 

effort. As a result of the recommendations of the workshop, the Institute awarded a 3-year contract for planning 

and implementing a comprehensive public awareness 

and professional education program on women’s heart 

health. In 2002, the Heart Truth—a campaign directed 

toward women 40 to 60 years of age and health professionals—was launched to increase awareness about heart 

disease, improve detection and treatment of risk factors 

by health professionals, and motivate national and community organizations to become involved in heart-health 

education. Special attention is given to minority women 

who are at increased risk for developing CVD. 

As a key part of its response to the HP 2010 Objectives for the Nation, the NHLBI initiated a new funding 

mechanism to establish CVD educational outreach programs in high-risk communities. The program—

Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Centers 

(EDUCs)—is a partnership between the NHLBI and 

local communities to eliminate cardiovascular health disparities and increase quality and years of health in underserved populations. In 2001, the Institute awarded 

EDUCs to high-risk health service areas in Arkansas, 

North Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia to 

conduct educational projects targeting populations at 

greatest risk for heart disease and stroke. Multiple strategies to prevent and control CVD risk factors and to promote heart-healthy behavior have been designed 

specifically for different age groups, ranging from childhood to adulthood. Six additional EDUCs were awarded 

to areas in Maryland, Ohio (two), Colorado, Nebraska, 

and North Carolina in 2002.

The NHLBI Ad Hoc Committee on Minority Populations was established in 1975 to facilitate communication between minority communities and the NHBPEP. 

Its role has since expanded as the Institute developed 

new education and prevention programs. The committee 

includes health professionals from diverse cultural backgrounds with broad-based expertise in a variety of areas. 

Representing blacks, Hispanics, American Indians, 

Alaska Natives, Asian Americans, and Pacific Islanders, 

the committee provides important input on the Institute’s 

minority initiatives.

A major goal of the Institute is to eliminate health disparities and to increase the quality and years of healthy 

life of all Americans. Through partnerships with groups 

that have special ties and access to targeted populations, 

the NHLBI is extending its outreach and educational 

activities to underserved communities. The Institute is 

collaborating with the Baltimore City Cardiovascular 

Health Partnership on a project that has a two-pronged 

strategy consisting of a population-wide public education campaign and a targeted subgroup outreach and 

education approach to build and reinforce positive 

cardiovascular health lifestyle skills and behaviors. 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

25

The targeted population consists of blacks who reside in 

Baltimore City public housing developments.

The Institute’s Salud para su Corazón (Health for Your 

Heart) Initiative, a community-based heart-health program for Latinos, is expanding across the United States. 

Trained local lay health workers (promotores), applying 

values and culture of the communities and mobilizing 

partners, teach people how to reduce their risk of developing CVD. As advocates for change, they have 

increased the number of Latinos in their communities 

who are engaging in heart-health behaviors. In 2002, the 

NHLBI and the Health Resources and Services Administration signed an interagency agreement to expand the 

program to communities along the Texas-Mexico border 

and along the southern border areas of California and 

New Mexico. 

 The NHLBI-Indian Health Service Partnership to 

Strengthen the Heartbeat of American Indian and Alaskan Native Communities is a collaborative effort to educate three tribal communities—the Ponca Tribe of 

Oklahoma, the Bristol Bay Area in Western Alaska, and 

the Laguna Pueblo in New Mexico—about cardiovascular health and how to reduce their risk for CVD. In 2002, 

tribal heart-heath teams received training on cardiovascular health, including physical activity, obesity, smoking prevention, nutrition, high blood cholesterol, and 

high blood pressure, as well as on theories of team building, evaluation, and community interaction and intervention. Since then, they have initiated community outreach 

educational activities on cardiovascular health and disease. In addition, they have developed connections with 

local organization to aid them with their mission.

 Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are a diverse 

and heterogeneous group with varying levels of CVD 

risk factors, acculturation, and socioeconomic status 

(SES) and with different cultures, languages, immigration history, and community norms related to health and 

well-being. In 2002, the NHLBI, along with the Asian 

and Pacific Islander American Health Forum, conducted 

health assessments among Americans of Philippine, 

Vietnamese, and Cambodian heritage to obtain information on their knowledge of and attitudes toward CVD 

and its risk factors, disease prevention, and health behavior. The assessments will guide the Institute in its development of culturally and language-appropriate materials 

and activities for these groups.

International Activities

In addition to having national programs, the Institute 

is also a world leader in research and policy development 

in heart, lung, and blood diseases; sleep disorders; and 

blood resources. Through its international programs, the 

NHLBI is contributing to and benefits from the rapidly 

developing global knowledge base in medicine, science, 

and technology related to its mission. The Institute’s 

international activities are conducted through multiple 

mechanisms, including government-to-government and 

institute-to-institute agreements; joint research projects; 

joint symposia and workshops; and joint documents, 

publications, grants, contracts, and fellowships. In addition, the Institute is providing training to international 

research fellows from approximately 35 countries in its 

laboratories.

Australia, China, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, 

Poland, Russia, and Vietnam are among the countries 

that maintain a collaborative working relationship with 

the NHLBI. The partnerships extend the benefits of the 

Institute’s prevention and treatment programs to other 

countries.

The NHLBI, working with international organizations, 

contributes to worldwide health plans in areas within its 

mandated mission. The Director and the NHLBI staff 

serve as consultants to and partners with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the Global Initiative 

on Asthma, the Global Initiative on Obstructive Lung 

Disease, and the World Health Organization (WHO). In 

2000, the NHLBI Director began a 5-year term as president of the World Health League (WHL).

At the regional level, the NHLBI is addressing the 

pandemic of CVD in North, Central, and South America 

and the Caribbean through support of the Pan American 

Hypertension Initiative (PAHI), a public/private partnership initiated by the NHLBI and the PAHO in collaboration with seven international scientific organizations— 

the World Heart Federation, the Inter-American Heart 

Foundation, the Inter-American Society of Cardiology, 

the Inter-American Society of Hypertension, the Pan 

American Network of CARMEN Programs, the Latin 

American Society of Nephrology and Hypertension, and 

the WHL. The initiative seeks to reduce morbidity and 

mortality from CVD by controlling hypertension, a 

major risk factor for the disease, in an estimated 40 million people who already have the condition and by pre-
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

26

venting it in millions more at risk because of their 

unhealthy lifestyles. Significant reductions in the 

sequelae of heart attacks, stroke, heart failure, and premature deaths are expected to result from the PAHI.

In 2002, the NHLBI, in collaboration with the Giovanni Lorenzini Medical Science Foundation, the NIH 

Office of Research on Women’s Health, and the NIH, 

published the International Position Paper on Women’s 

Health and Menopause: A Comprehensive Approach. 

Information in the report is based on an extensive international review and evaluation of scientific evidence for 

current clinical practice as presented in the published literature. The document covers women’s health and disease, specifically, menopause and aging, CVD, cancer, 

osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and the role of hormone replacement therapy.

All of these activities strengthen the Institute’s international partnerships and coalitions and extend the benefits of the Institute’s national prevention and treatment 

programs to other countries.
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

27

June 16, 1948. President Harry S Truman signs 

the National Heart Act, creating the National Heart 

Institute (NHI) in the Public Health Service (PHS), 

with the National Advisory Heart Council as its 

advisory body.

July 7, 1948. Dr. Paul Dudley White is selected 

to be “Executive Director of the National Advisory 

Heart Council and Chief Medical Advisor to the 

National Heart Institute” under section 4b of the 

National Heart Act.

August 1, 1948. The NHI is established as one 

of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) by Surgeon General Leonard A. Scheele. As legislated in 

the National Heart Act, the NHI assumes responsibility for heart research, training, and administration. 

Intramural research projects in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and gerontology conducted elsewhere 

in the NIH are transferred to the NHI. The Director 

of the NHI assumes all leadership for the total PHS 

heart program. Dr. Cassius J. Van Slyke is appointed 

as the first Director of the NHI.

August 29, 1948. Surgeon General Scheele 

announces the membership of the first National 

Advisory Heart Council. Varying terms of membership for the 16-member Council commence 

September 1.

September 8, 1948. The National Advisory 

Heart Council holds its first meeting.

January 1949. Cooperative Research Units are 

established at four institutions: the University of California, the University of Minnesota, Tulane University, and Massachusetts General Hospital. Pending 

completion of the NHI’s own research organization 

and facilities, the Units are jointly financed by the 

NIH and the institutions.

July 1, 1949. The NHI Intramural Research Program is established and organized on three general 

research levels consisting of three laboratory sections, five laboratory-clinical sections, and four clinical sections. The Heart Disease Epidemiology 

Study at Framingham, Massachusetts, is transferred 

from the Bureau of State Services, PHS, to the NHI.

January 18–20, 1950. The NHI and the American Heart Association jointly sponsor the first 

National Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases to 

summarize current knowledge and to make recommendations concerning further progress against heart 

and blood vessel diseases.

December 1, 1952. Dr. James Watt is appointed 

Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Van Slyke, who 

is appointed Associate Director of the NIH.

July 6, 1953. The Clinical Center admits its first 

patient for heart disease research.

July 1, 1957. The first members of the NHI 

Board of Scientific Counselors begin their terms. 

The Board was established in 1956 “to provide 

advice on matters of general policy, particularly from 

a long-range viewpoint, as they relate to the intramural research program.”

February 19, 1959. The American Heart 

Association and the NHI present a report to the 

Nation—A Decade of Progress Against Cardiovascular Disease.

April 21, 1961. The President’s Conference on 

Heart Disease and Cancer, whose participants on 

March 15 were requested by President John F. 

Kennedy to assist “in charting the Government’s further role in a national attack on these diseases,” convenes at the White House and submits its report.

September 11, 1961. Dr. Ralph E. Knutti is 

appointed Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Watt, 

who becomes head of international activities for 

the PHS.

December 30, 1963. February is designated as 

“American Heart Month” by a unanimous joint resolution of Congress with approval from President 

Lyndon B. Johnson.

November 22–24, 1964. The Second National 

Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases, cosponsored by the American Heart Association, the NHI, 

and the Heart Disease Control Program of the PHS, 

is held to evaluate progress since the 1950 Conference and to assess needs and goals for continued and 

accelerated growth against heart and blood vessel 

diseases.

December 9, 1964. The President’s Commission on Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke, 

appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on 

March 7, 1964, submits its report to “recommend 

steps that can be taken to reduce the burden and 

incidence of these diseases.”

3. Important Events
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

28

August 1, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart assumes the 

Directorship of the NHI upon Dr. Knutti’s retirement.

September 24, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart, NHI 

Director, is named Surgeon General of the PHS.

October 6, 1965. In FY 1966 Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 89-199) allocates funds to implement 

the recommendations of the President’s Commission on 

Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke that are within existing legislative authorities. The NHI is given $5.05 million for new clinical training programs, additional 

graduate training grants, cardiovascular clinical research 

centers on cerebrovascular disease and thrombotic and 

hemorrhagic disorders, and planning grants for future 

specialized cardiovascular centers.

March 8, 1966. Dr. Robert P. Grant succeeds 

Dr. Stewart as Director of the NHI. Dr. Grant serves 

until his death on August 15, 1966.

November 6, 1966. Dr. Donald S. Fredrickson is 

appointed Director of the NHI.

March 15, 1968. Dr. Theodore Cooper succeeds 

Dr. Fredrickson as Director of the NHI, the latter electing 

to return to research activities with the Institute.

October 16, 1968. Dr. Marshall W. Nirenberg is 

awarded a Nobel Prize in physiology for discovering the 

key to deciphering the genetic code. Dr. Nirenberg, chief 

of the NHI Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, is the 

first Nobel Laureate at the NIH and the first Federal 

employee to receive a Nobel Prize.

October 26, 1968. The NHI receives the National 

Hemophilia Foundation’s Research and Scientific 

Achievement Award for its “medical leadership . . . , 

tremendous stimulation and support of research activities 

directly related to the study and treatment of hemophilia.”

November 14, 1968. The 20th anniversary of the 

NHI is commemorated at the White House under the 

auspices of President Johnson and other distinguished 

guests.

August 12, 1969. A major NHI reorganization plan 

creates five program branches along disease category 

lines in extramural programs (arteriosclerotic disease, 

cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, hypertension and 

kidney diseases, and thrombotic and hemorrhagic diseases); a Therapeutic Evaluations Branch and an Epidemiology Branch under the Associate Director for 

Clinical Applications; and three offices in the Office of 

the Director (heart information, program planning, and 

administrative management).

November 10, 1969. The NHI is redesignated by the 

Secretary, Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), as the 

National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), reflecting a 

broadening scope of its functions.

February 18, 1971. President Richard M. Nixon’s 

Health Message to Congress identifies sickle cell anemia 

as a high-priority disease and calls for increased Federal 

expenditures. The Assistant Secretary for Health and 

Scientific Affairs, HEW, is assigned lead-agency responsibility for coordination of the National Sickle Cell Disease Program at the NIH and NHLI.

June 1971. The Task Force on Arteriosclerosis, convened by Dr. Cooper, presents its report. Volume I 

addresses general aspects of the problem and presents the 

major conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical 

language. Volume II contains technical information on 

the state of knowledge and conclusions and recommendations in each of the following areas: atherogenesis, 

presymptomatic atherosclerosis, overt atherosclerosis, 

and rehabilitation.

May 16, 1972. The National Sickle Cell Anemia 

Control Act (P.L. 92-294) provides for a national diagnosis, control, treatment, and research program. The Act 

does not mention the NHLI but has special pertinence 

because the Institute has been designated to coordinate 

the National Sickle Cell Disease Program.

June 12, 1972. Elliot Richardson, Secretary, HEW, 

approves a nationwide program for high blood pressure 

information and education and appoints two committees 

to implement the program: the Hypertension Information 

and Education Advisory Committee, chaired by the 

Director, NIH, and the Interagency Working Group, 

chaired by the Director, NHLI. A High Blood Pressure 

Information Center is established within the NHLI 

Office of Information to collect and disseminate public 

and professional information about the disease.

July 1972. The NHLI launches its National High 

Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP), a program of patient and professional education that has as its 

goal to reduce death and disability related to high blood 

pressure.

July 14, 1972. Secretary Richardson approves reorganization of the NHLI, with the Institute elevated to 

Bureau status within the NIH and comprising seven division-level components: Office of the Director, Division 

of Heart and Vascular Diseases, Division of Lung Dis-
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

29

eases, Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, Division of Intramural Research, Division of Technological 

Applications, and Division of Extramural Affairs. 

September 19, 1972. The National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act of 1972 (P.L. 92-423) expands 

the authority of the Institute to advance the national 

attack on the diseases within its mandate. The act calls 

for intensified and coordinated Institute activities to be 

planned by the Director and reviewed by the National 

Heart and Lung Advisory Council.

July 24, 1973. The first Five-Year Plan for the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program 

is transmitted to the President and to Congress.

December 17, 1973. The National Heart and Lung 

Advisory Council completes its First Annual Report on 

the National Program.

February 13, 1974. The Director of the NHLI forwards his First Annual Report on the National Program 

to the President for transmittal to Congress.

April 5, 1974. The Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HEW, authorizes release of the Report to the President by 

the President’s Advisory Panel on Heart Disease. The 

report of the 20-member panel, chaired by Dr. John S. 

Millis, includes a survey of the problem of heart and 

blood vessel disorders and panel recommendations to 

reduce illness and death from them.

August 2, 1974. The Secretary, HEW, approves regulations governing the establishment, support, and operation of National Research and Demonstration Centers 

for heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases, which 

implement section 415(b) of the PHS Act, as amended 

by the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood 

Act of 1972: (1) to carry out basic and clinical research 

on heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; (2) to 

provide demonstrations of advanced methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment; and (3) to supply a training source for scientists and physicians concerned with 

the diseases.

September 16, 1975. Dr. Robert I. Levy is appointed 

Director of the NHLI, succeeding Dr. Theodore Cooper, 

who was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary for 

Health, HEW, on April 19, 1974.

June 25, 1976. Legislation amending the Public 

Health Service Act (P.L. 94-278) changes the name of the 

NHLI to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

(NHLBI) and provides for an expansion in blood-related 

activities within the Institute and throughout the National 

Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program.

August 1, 1977. The Biomedical Research Extension Act of 1977 (P.L. 95-83) reauthorizes the programs 

of the NHLBI, with continued emphasis on both the 

national program and related prevention and dissemination activities.

February 1978. The NHLBI and the American Heart 

Association jointly celebrate their 30th anniversaries.

September 1979. The Task Force on Hypertension, 

established in September 1975 to assess the state of 

hypertension research, completes its in-depth survey and 

recommendations for improved prevention, treatment, 

and control in 14 major areas. The recommendations are 

intended to guide the NHLBI in its future efforts.

November 1979. The results of the Hypertension 

Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP), a major clinical trial started in 1971, provide evidence that tens of 

thousands of lives are being saved through treatment of 

mild hypertension and that perhaps thousands more could 

be saved annually if all people with mild hypertension 

were under treatment.

November 21, 1980. The Albert Lasker Special Public Health Award is presented to the NHLBI for its HDFP, 

“which stands alone among clinical studies in its profound potential benefit to millions of people.”

December 17, 1980. The Health Programs Extension 

Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-538) reauthorizes the NHLBI, with 

continued emphasis on both the national program and 

related prevention programs.

September 8, 1981. The Working Group on Arteriosclerosis, convened in 1978 to assess present understanding, highlight unresolved problems, and emphasize 

opportunities for future research in arteriosclerosis, completes its report. Volume I presents conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical language. Volume II 

provides an in-depth substantive basis for the conclusions 

and recommendations contained in Volume I.

October 2, 1981. The Beta-Blocker Heart Attack 

Trial (BHAT) demonstrates benefits to those in the trial 

who received the drug propranolol compared with the 

control group.

July 6, 1982. Dr. Claude Lenfant is appointed Director of the NHLBI. He succeeds Dr. Robert I. Levy.

September 1982. The results of the Multiple Risk 

Factor Intervention Trial are released. They support mea-
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

30

sures to reduce cigarette smoking and to lower blood cholesterol to prevent CHD mortality but raise questions 

about optimal treatment of mild hypertension.

October 26, 1983. The Coronary Artery Surgery 

Study (CASS) results are released. They demonstrate 

that mildly symptomatic patients with coronary artery 

disease can safely defer coronary artery bypass surgery 

until symptoms worsen.

January 12, 1984. The results of the Lipid Research 

Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT) 

are released. They establish conclusively that reducing 

total blood cholesterol reduces the risk of CHD in men at 

increased risk because of elevated cholesterol levels. 

Each 1 percent decrease in cholesterol can be expected to 

reduce heart attack risk by 2 percent.

April–September 1984. The Tenth Report of the 

Director, NHLBI, commemorates the 10th anniversary of 

the passage of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, 

and Blood Act. The five-volume publication reviews 

10 years of research progress and presents a 5-year 

research plan for the national program.

April 1984. The Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications is created. It provides the Institute with 

a single focus on clinical trials; prevention, demonstration, and education programs; behavioral medicine; nutrition; epidemiology; and biometry. It also provides new 

opportunities to examine the interrelationships of cardiovascular, respiratory, and blood diseases.

November 1984. In NHLBI-NIH Clinical Center 

interagency agreement for studies on the transmission of 

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from humans to 

chimpanzees leads to the first definitive evidence that the 

transmission is by blood transfusion.

April 1985. Results of Phase I of the Thrombolysis in 

Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial comparing streptokinase (SK) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator 

(t-PA) are published. The new thrombolytic agent 

recombinant t-PA is approximately twice as effective as 

SK in opening thrombosed coronary arteries.

October 1985. The NHLBI Smoking Education Program (SEP) is initiated to increase health care provider 

awareness about clinical opportunities for smoking cessation programs, techniques for use within health care settings, and resources for use within communities to 

expand and reinforce such efforts.

November 1985. The NHLBI inaugurates the 

National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) to 

increase awareness among health professionals and the 

public that elevated blood cholesterol is a cause of CHD 

and that reducing elevated blood cholesterol levels will 

contribute to the reduction of CHD.

June 1986. Results of the Prophylactic Penicillin 

Trial demonstrate the efficacy of prophylactic penicillin 

therapy in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with pneumococcal infections in children with sickle 

cell disease.

September 18, 1986. The NHLBI sponsors events on 

the NIH campus in conjunction with the meeting of the X 

World Congress of Cardiology in Washington, DC. 

Activities include a special exhibit at the National 

Library of Medicine entitled “American Contributions to 

Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery” and two symposia—“New Dimensions in Cardiovascular Disease 

Research” and “Cardiovascular Nursing and Nursing 

Research.”

December 17, 1986. The citizens of Framingham, 

Massachusetts, are presented a tribute by the Assistant 

Secretary for Health, Health and Human Services (HHS), 

for their participation in the Framingham Heart Study 

over the past 40 years.

September 1987. The NHLBI commemorates the 

centennial of the NIH and the 40th anniversary of the 

Institute’s inception. Two publications prepared for the 

Institute’s anniversary, Forty Years of Achievement in 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Research and A Salute to the 

Past: A History of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute, document significant Institute contributions to 

research and summarize recollections about the Institute’s 40-year history.

October 1987. The National Blood Resource Education Program is established to ensure an adequate supply 

of safe blood and blood components to meet the Nation’s 

needs and to ensure that blood and blood components are 

transfused only when therapeutically appropriate.

April 1988. The NHLBI initiates its Minority 

Research Supplements program to provide supplemental 

funds to ongoing research grants for support of minority 

investigators added to research teams.

September 1988. AIDS research is added to the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases 

and Blood Resources Program. It is the first area of 

research to be added since the Program was established in 

1973.
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

31

September 1988. The NHLBI funds the first of its 

new Programs of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 

designed to foster the study of the organization, modification, and expression of the genome in areas of importance to the Institute and to encourage investigators to 

become skilled in the experimental strategies and techniques of modern molecular biology. 

September 1988. The Strong Heart Study is initiated. 

It focuses on CVD morbidity and mortality rates and distribution of CVD risk factors in three geographically 

diverse American Indian groups. 

October 1988. The National Marrow Donor Program 

is transferred from the Department of the Navy to the 

NHLBI. The Program, which serves as a focal point for 

bone marrow research, includes a national registry of volunteers who have offered to donate marrow for transplant 

to patients not having suitably matched relatives.

March 1989. The NHLBI initiates a National 

Asthma Education Program to raise awareness of asthma 

as a serious chronic disease and to promote more effective management of asthma through patient and professional education. 

May 1989. The NHLBI Minority Access to Research 

Careers (MARC) Summer Research Training Program is 

initiated to provide an opportunity for MARC Honors 

Scholars to work with researchers in the NHLBI intramural laboratories.

September 14, 1990. The first human gene therapy 

protocol in history is undertaken at the NIH. A team of 

scientists, led by W. French Anderson, NHLBI, and 

R. Michael Blaese, National Cancer Institute, insert a 

normal gene into a patient’s cells to compensate for a 

defective gene that left the patient’s cells unable to produce an enzyme essential to the functioning of the body’s 

immune system.

January 1991. The NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative (OEI) begins. Its objective is to make a concerted 

effort to educate the public and health professionals about 

obesity as an independent risk factor for CVD and its 

relationship to other risk factors, such as high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol.

February 1991. The expert panel of the National 

Asthma Education Program releases its report, Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, to educate physicians and other health care providers in asthma 

management.

April 8–10, 1991. The First National Conference on 

Cholesterol and Blood Pressure Control is attended by 

more than 1,800 health professionals.

May 1991. The Task Force on Hypertension, established in November 1989 to assess the state of hypertension research and to develop a plan for future NHLBI 

funding, presents its conclusions. The report outlines a 

set of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive 

plan for support over the next several years.

June 11, 1991. The NHLBI initiates a National Heart 

Attack Alert Program (NHAAP) to reduce premature 

morbidity and mortality from acute MI and sudden death. 

The Program emphasizes rapid disease identification and 

treatment.

July 1991. Results of the Systolic Hypertension in 

the Elderly Program (SHEP) demonstrate that low-dose 

pharmacologic therapy of isolated systolic hypertension 

in those older than 60 years of age significantly reduces 

stroke and MI.

August 1991. Results of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) are released. They demonstrate that use of the ACE inhibitor enalapril causes a 

significant reduction in mortality and hospitalization for 

CHF in patients with symptomatic heart failure.

August 1991. The NHLBI sponsors the first national 

workshop, “Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health: 

Special Emphasis on Women and Youth,” to assess the 

current knowledge in the field and to develop scientific 

priorities and plans for support. Recommendations from 

the Working Groups are published in the supplemental 

issue of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise.

March 1992. The International Consensus Report on 

Diagnosis and Management of Asthma is released. It is 

to be used by asthma specialists and medical opinion 

leaders to provide a framework for discussion of asthma 

management pertinent to their respective countries.

March 1992. Results of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention Phase I are published. They demonstrate that both 

weight loss and reduction of dietary salt reduce blood pressure in adults with high-normal diastolic blood pressure and 

may reduce the incidence of primary hypertension.

June 26–27, 1992. The Fourth National Minority 

Forum on Cardiovascular Health, Pulmonary Disorders, 

and Blood Resources is attended by nearly 600 individuals.

October 11–13, 1992. The First National Conference 

on Asthma Management is attended by more than 900 

individuals.

October 30, 1992. A celebration of the 20th anniversary of the NHBPEP is held in conjunction with the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee meeting. The Fifth 

Report of the Joint National Committee on the Detection, 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

32

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 

V) and the NHBPEP Working Group Report on the Primary Prevention of Hypertension are released.

June 10, 1993. The NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 

(P.L. 103-43) establishes the National Center on Sleep 

Disorders Research within the NHLBI.

June 15, 1993. The Second Report of the Expert 

Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High 

Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP II) is released to the 

public at a press conference held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting.

January 30, 1995. Results of the Multicenter Study 

of Hydroxyurea are released through a clinical alert. 

They demonstrate that hydroxyurea reduced the number 

of painful episodes by 50 percent in severely affected 

adults with sickle cell disease. This is the first effective 

treatment for adult patients with this disorder.

September 1995. The NHLBI funds a new Program 

of Specialized Centers of Research in Hematopoietic 

Stem Cell Biology, which is designed to advance our 

knowledge of stem cell biology and enhance our ability 

to achieve successful stem cell therapy to cure genetic 

and acquired diseases.

September 21, 1995. Results of the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation are released 

through a clinical alert. They demonstrate that patients 

on drug treatment for diabetes who had blockages in two 

or more coronary arteries and were treated with coronary 

artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery had, at 5 years, a 

death rate markedly lower than that of similar patients 

treated with angioplasty. The clinical alert recommends 

CABG over standard angioplasty for patients on drug 

therapy for diabetes who have multiple coronary blockages and are first-time candidates for either procedure.

November 5–6, 1995. The first Conference on 

Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Cardiovascular Health 

and Disease is held to determine future opportunities and 

needs for research on SES factors and their relationships 

with cardiovascular health and disease.

December 4–5, 1995. A celebration of the 10th anniversary of the NCEP is held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting. Results of the 

1995 Cholesterol Awareness Surveys of physicians and 

the public are released.

May 21, 1996. The NHLBI announces results from 

the Framingham Heart Study that conclude earlier and 

more aggressive treatment of hypertension is vital to preventing congestive heart failure. Lifestyle changes, such 

as weight loss, a healthy eating plan, and physical activity, are crucial for reducing blood lipids in those treated 

for Stage I hypertension.

September 1996. Findings from the Asthma Clinical 

Research Network show that for people with asthma, 

taking an inhaled beta-agonist at regularly scheduled 

times is safe but provides no greater benefit than taking 

the medication only when asthma symptoms occur. The 

recommendation to physicians who treat patients with 

mild asthma is to prescribe inhaled beta-agonists only on 

an as-needed basis.

November 13, 1996. The NHLBI releases findings 

from two studies, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial and Trial of Nonpharmacologic 

Intervention in the Elderly (TONE). The DASH Trial 

demonstrates that a diet low in fat and high in vegetables, 

fruits, fiber, and low-fat dairy products significantly and 

quickly lowers blood pressure. The TONE shows that 

weight loss and reduction of dietary sodium safely 

reduce the need for antihypertensive medication in 

older patients while keeping their blood pressure under 

control.

January 1997. Definitive results from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth 

(PDAY) program are published. They show that atherosclerosis develops before age 20 and that the risk factors 

high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and cigarette smoking affect the progression of atherosclerosis equally in women and men, 

regardless of race.

February 24, 1997. The National Asthma Education 

and Prevention Program releases the Expert Panel 

Report 2, Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management 

of Asthma to the public at a press conference held in conjunction with a meeting of the American Academy of 

Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology in San Francisco.

May 8, 1997. Results of the Antiarrhythmic Versus 

Implantable Defibrillator (AVID) clinical trial are presented. They show that an implantable cardiac defibrillator reduces mortality compared to pharmacologic 

therapy in patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death.

September 1997. The Stroke Prevention Trial in 

Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) is terminated early because 

prophylactic transfusion resulted in a 90 percent relative 

decrease in the stroke rate among children 2 to 16 years 

old.
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

33

September 1997. The Institute's National Sickle Cell 

Disease Program celebrates its 25th anniversary.

October 1997. The NHLBI commemorates the 50th 

anniversary of the Institute’s inception. A publication 

prepared for the Institute’s anniversary, Vital Signs: Discoveries in diseases of the heart, lungs, and blood documents the remarkable research advances of the past 50 

years.

October 1, 1997. The Women’s Health Initiative, initiated in 1991, is transferred to the NHLBI.

November 6, 1997. The Sixth Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) is 

released at a press conference held in conjunction with 

the 25th anniversary meeting and celebration of the 

National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee.

December 1997. Findings from the Trial to Reduce 

Alloimmunization to Platelets (TRAP) demonstrate that 

leucocyte reduction by filtration or ultraviolet B irradiation of platelets—both methods are equally effective—

decreases development of lymphocytotoxic antibodies 

and alloimmune platelet refractoriness.

February 1998. The Task Force on Behavioral 

Research in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Health and 

Disease, established in November 1995 to develop a plan 

for future NHLBI bio-behavioral research in cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders, presents its recommendations. The report outlines a set of 

scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive plan 

for support over the next several years.

February 19–21, 1998. The NHLBI and cosponsors—California CVD Prevention Coalition; California 

Department of Health Services; CVD Outreach, 

Resources, and Epidemiology Program; and the University of California, San Francisco—hold Cardiovascular 

Health: Coming Together for the 21st Century, A 

National Conference, in San Francisco.

March 16, 1998. A special symposium is held at the 

annual meeting of the American Academy of Asthma, 

Allergy, and Immunology to celebrate 50 years of 

NHLBI-supported science.

June 17, 1998. The NHLBI, in cooperation with the 

NIDDK, releases Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Treatment, and Evaluation of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: Evidence Report.

December 11, 1998. World Asthma Day is established on this date. The NAEPP launches the Asthma 

Management Model System, an innovative Web-based 

information management tool.

March 1999. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network Study of Ventilator Management in ARDS is stopped early so that critical care 

specialists can be alerted to the results. The study demonstrated that approximately 25 percent fewer deaths 

occurred among intensive care patients with ARDS 

receiving small, rather than large, breaths of air from a 

mechanical ventilator. 

March 22, 1999. The NAEPP holds its 10th anniversary meeting and celebration to recognize a decade of 

progress and a continued commitment to the future.

August 1999. Results of the Early Revascularization 

for Cardiogenic Shock are released. They show 

improved survival at 6 months in patients treated with 

balloon angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery compared with patients who receive intensive medical care to 

stabilize their condition. 

September 27–29, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors the 

National Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Meeting the Healthy People 2010 Objectives for 

Cardiovascular Health.

November 2, 1999. The NAEPP convenes a Workshop on Strengthening Asthma Coalitions: Thinking 

Globally, Acting Locally to gather information from coalition representatives on ways the NAEPP could support 

their efforts. 

November 2–3, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors a Workshop on Research Training and Career Development.

March 8, 2000. A part of the Antihypertensive and 

Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial 

(ALLHAT) is terminated early because one of the tested 

drugs, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, was found to be less 

effective than the more traditional diuretic in reducing 

some forms of CVD.

March 29, 2000. The NHLBI launches the Webbased Healthy People 2010 Gateway to provide information and resources on cardiovascular health, asthma, 

sleep, and minority populations.

April 25, 2000. The NHLBI sponsors a special expert 

meeting, Scientific Frontiers in Cardiothoracic Surgery, 

to discuss the future of cardiothoracic research. 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

34

September 2000. NHLBI-supported investigators 

identify a gene for primary pulmonary hypertension.

January 2001. Results of the DASH-Sodium Trial 

are released. They show that dietary sodium reduction 

substantially lowers blood pressure in persons with high 

blood pressure; the greatest effect occurs when sodium 

reduction is combined with the DASH diet.

February 2001. The NHLBI launches a sleep education program for children, using star sleeper Garfield the 

Cat.

February 1, 2001. The NHLBI, along with the 

DHHS Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Office of the Surgeon General, the Centers for 

Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institute of 

Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the American 

Heart Association, signs a memorandum of understanding to focus and coordinate their efforts to meet the 

Healthy People 2010 objectives on cardiovascular health.

March 26–27, 2001. A strategy development workshop, “Women’s Heart Health: Developing a National 

Health Education Action Plan,” is held to develop an 

agenda for the NHLBI’s new heart health education effort 

directed at women.

April 2001. The NHLBI releases the international 

guidelines for diagnosis, management, and prevention of 

COPD.

April 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators identify 

genes that regulate human cholesterol levels.

May 2001. The NHLBI releases the NCEP’s new 

Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines for the 

detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults.

June 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators find that 

human heart muscle cells regenerate after a heart attack.

July 2001. A self-contained artificial heart is 

implanted in a patient for the first time.

August 2001. Early results from the National 

Emphysema Treatment Trial identify characteristics of 

patients at high risk for death following lung volume 

reduction surgery. 

August 2001. Scientists from the NHLBI SCOR program at Yale University identify two genes responsible 

for pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a rare Mendelian 

form of high blood pressure. These genes encode for 

protein kinases involved in a previously unknown pathway and may provide new targets for therapy.

September 10, 2001. The NHLBI, along with the 

American Heart Association and other partners, launches 

a national campaign, “Act in Time to Heart Attack 

Signs,” to increase awareness of the signs of heart attack 

and the need for a fast response.

October 2001. NHLBI-supported scientists report 

that the drug, infliximab, increases risk of TB reactivation and dissemination. The drug is used to treat refractory rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease and is 

proposed as a treatment for several chronic lung diseases. 

November 2001. Results of the Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of 

Chronic Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that using a 

wearable left ventricular assist device can prolong survival and improve quality of life in severely ill patients 

who are not candidates for heart transplantation.

December 2001. For the first time, scientists correct 

SCD in mice using gene therapy.

April 10, 2002. The WHL and the NHLBI hold an 

international symposium; subsequently they prepare an 

action plan at the WHL Council Conference to control 

hypertension and obesity.

April 11–13, 2002. The NHLBI and cosponsors—the 

DHHS Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the 

American Heart Association, the Centers for Medicare 

and Medicaid Services, and the Health Resources and 

Services Administration—hold a national conference, 

“Cardiovascular Health for All: Meeting the Challenge 

of Healthy People 2010.”

June 2002. The NAEPP issues an update of selected 

topics in the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. 

July 9, 2002. The NHLBI stops early the trial of the 

estrogen plus progestin component of the WHI due to 

increased breast cancer risk and lack of overall benefits. 

The multicenter trial also found increases in CHD, stroke, 

and pulmonary embolism in participants on estrogen plus 

progestin compared to women taking placebo pills.

August 2002. NHLBI-supported scientists identify a 

gene variant that is associated with arrhythmia in African 

Americans.
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

35

Cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases constitute a large morbidity, mortality, and economic 

burden on individuals, families, and the Nation. 

Common forms are atherosclerosis, hypertension, 

COPD, and blood-clotting disorders—embolisms 

and thromboses. The most serious atherosclerotic 

diseases are CHD, as manifested by heart attack and 

angina pectoris, and cerebrovascular disease, as 

manifested by stroke.

In 2000, cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

accounted for 1,175,000 deaths and 49 percent of all 

deaths in the United States (p. 37). The projected 

economic cost in 2003 for these diseases is expected 

to be $489 billion, 23 percent of the total economic 

costs of illness, injuries, and death (p. 53). Of all 

diseases, heart disease is the leading cause of death, 

cerebrovascular disease is third (behind cancer), and 

COPD (including asthma) ranks fourth (p. 40). Cardiovascular and lung diseases account for three of 

the four leading causes of death (p. 40) and four of 

the six leading causes of infant death (p. 46). 

Hypertension, heart disease, asthma, and chronic 

bronchitis are especially prevalent and account for 

substantial morbidity in Americans (p. 49). 

Increases in prevalence have been greatest for 

asthma and CHF.

The purpose of the biomedical research conducted 

by the NHLBI is to contribute to the prevention and 

treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases. 

National disease statistics show that by mid-century, 

morbidity and mortality from these diseases had 

reached record high levels. Since then, however, substantial improvements have been achieved, especially 

over the past 30 years, as shown by the significant 

decline in mortality rates. Because many of these diseases begin early in life, their early detection and control can reduce the risk of disability and can delay 

death. Although important advances have been made 

in the treatment and control of cardiovascular, lung, 

and blood diseases, these diseases continue to be a 

major burden on the Nation.

Cardiovascular Diseases

• In 2000, CVD caused 946,000 deaths—

39 percent of all deaths (p. 37).

• Heart disease is the leading cause of death; the 

main form, CHD, caused 515,000 deaths in 

2000 (pp. 38, 40).

• The annual number of deaths from CVD 

increased substantially between 1900 and 1970 

(p. 39). This trend ended even though the 

population continues to increase and age.

• Total CVD mortality from all ages combined, 

measured by the crude death rate, changed 

from an increasing to a decreasing trend with a 

peak in 1968. By 1995, the rate achieved was 

similar to the rate in 1936 (p. 39).

• Cerebrovascular disease, the third leading 

cause of death, accounted for 168,000 deaths in 

2000 (pp. 38, 40).

• Heart disease is second only to all cancers 

combined in years of potential life lost (p. 40).

• Among minority groups, heart disease ranks 

first, and stroke ranks fifth or higher as the 

leading causes of death (p. 40).

• The steep decline in age-adjusted death rate for 

CVD means a substantial reduction in annual 

risk of death for an individual of any age. The 

smaller reduction in crude death rate reflects the 

impact of an aging population that is growing 

over time, so that the overall national mortality 

burden of CVD remains at a high level compared with other causes of death (pp. 39, 41).

• The rapid increase in deaths due to CHF 

between 1968 and 2000 is a major exception to 

the mortality decline in CVD (p. 41).

• Between 1985 and 2000, death rates for heart 

disease and stroke declined for men and women 

in all racial/ethnic groups (p. 42).

• Because of the rapid decline in mortality from 

CHD since the peak in 1968, there were 

814,000 fewer deaths from CHD in 2000 than 

would have occurred if there had been no 

decline (p. 43). 

4. Disease Statistics
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

36

• Substantial improvements have been made in the 

treatment of CVD. Since 1975, case-fatality rates 

from hospitalized AMI, stroke, cardiac dysrhythmia, 

and CHF patients declined appreciably (p. 43).

• The decline in CHD mortality began earlier in the 

United States than in most countries and outpaced 

that in most countries (only selected countries are 

shown) (p. 44).

• Between 1990 and 2000, the percent decline in 

death rates for CHD was greatest among white 

males and least among black females (p. 45).

• In 2000, an estimated 61.8 million persons in the 

United States had some form of CVD; 50 million had 

hypertension, and almost 13 million had CHD (p. 49).

• Since the 1960s, there has been a substantial 

reduction in the prevalence of CVD risk factors: 

hypertension, smoking, and high cholesterol, but not 

overweight (p. 50).

• A 1988–94 national survey showed that many more 

people with hypertension (systolic BP > 160 mmHg 

or diastolic BP > 95 mmHg or on antihypertensive 

medication) were aware of their condition and had it 

treated and controlled compared with individuals 

with hypertenson in previous years (p. 51).

• A 1999–2000 national survey showed only 31 percent 

of hypertensive patients (systolic BP > 140 mmHg or 

diastolic BP > 90 mmHg or on antihypertensive 

medication) had their condition under control (p. 51).

• Hospitalization rates for CHF increased between 

1971 and 2000 (p. 52).

• The estimate of economic cost of CVD is expected 

to be $352 billion in 2003:

– $209 billion in direct health expenditures

– $32 billion in indirect cost of morbidity

– $110 billion in indirect cost of mortality (p. 53).

Lung Diseases

• Lung diseases, excluding lung cancer, caused an 

estimated 233,000 deaths in 2000 (p. 37).

• COPD caused 117,000 deaths in 2000 and is the 

fourth leading cause of death (pp. 38, 40).

• Between 1990 and 2000, death rates for COPD 

increased substantially in women and decreased 

slightly in men; mortality for asthma increased in 

black women but decreased in white women and in 

men (p. 45).

• Between 1980 and 2000, infant death rates for 

various lung diseases declined markedly (p. 45).

• Of the six leading causes of infant mortality, four are 

lung diseases or have a lung disease component 

(p. 46). Between 1990 and 2000, changes in 

mortality for the causes were:

– Congenital anomalies (-21 percent)

– Disorders of short gestation (+1 percent)

– Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) 

(-54 percent)

– Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) 

(-65 percent).

• Lung diseases accounted for 22 percent of all deaths 

under 1 year of age in 2000 (p. 46).

• The COPD death rate for women in the United 

States is increasing significantly compared with the 

rates in several other countries (p. 47).

• Between 1985 and 2000, death rates for COPD 

increased for women in all racial/ethnic groups. 

Among men, they increased in blacks and American 

Indians, but declined in whites and Hispanics 

(p. 48).

• Sleep disorders are increasingly being recognized as 

an important health problem. The number of 

physician office visits for sleep apnea, insomnia, 

restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy, and other major 

sleep disorders increased from 710,000 in 1989 to 

4,690,000 in 2000 (p. 48).

• Asthma is a common chronic condition, particularly 

in children (pp. 49, 50, 52). 

• The economic cost of lung diseases is expected to be 

$126 billion in 2003—$70 billion in direct health 

expenditures and $56 billion in indirect cost of 

morbidity and mortality (p. 53).

Blood Diseases

• An estimated 263,000 deaths, 11 percent of all 

deaths, were attributed to blood diseases in 2000 

(p. 37). These include the following:

– 254,000 due to blood-clotting disorders

– 9,000 to diseases of the red blood cell and bleeding disorders (p. 38).

• A large proportion of deaths from acute MI and 

cerebrovascular disease involve blood-clotting 

problems (p. 38). 

• In 2003, blood-clotting disorders are expected to 

cost the nation's economy $83 billion, and other 

blood diseases will cost $11 billion (p. 53).

• The mean age at death for persons with sickle cell 

anemia increased from about 28 years in 1979 to 

36.9 years in 2000 (not shown).

• Each year, an estimated 14 million units of blood are 

collected from 8 million donors and transfused to 

about 4.5 million patients (not shown).
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

37

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1980 and 2000

* Includes 328,000 CVD deaths involving blood clotting.

† Includes 254,000 CVD deaths involving blood-clotting disease. 

‡ Includes 11,000 CVD deaths due to pulmonary heart disease in 1980 and 13,000 in 2000.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2000

Total Cardiovascular, Lung, and 

Blood Diseases 48.9%

* Excludes deaths from pulmonary heart disease.

† Excludes deaths from blood-clotting disorders and 

pulmonary embolism (10.8%).

1980 2000

Cause of Death

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

All Causes 1,990,000 100 2,403,000 100

All Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases 1,146,000 58 1,175,000 49

Cardiovascular Diseases 1,000,000 50 946,000 39

Blood 344,000* 16 263,000† 11

Lung 150,000‡ 8 233,000‡ 10

All Other Causes 844,000 42 1,228,000 51

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases, U.S., 2000

Lung*

9.1%

CVD

39.4%

Blood†

0.4%

Other

51.1%

Lung

18.7%

Blood

0.8%

CVD*

80.5%

* CVD involving blood clotting (21.6%).

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

38

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2000

* Deaths from clotting or pulmonary disorders are included also as cardiovascular deaths.

Note: Total, excluding overlap, is 1,175,000.

Source: Estimated by the NHLBI from Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths From Cardiovascular 

Diseases, U.S., 2000

Atherosclerosis-Related Disease 76.4%

* Includes cardiac failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertensive 

disease, and other heart and blood vessel diseases.

Deaths (Thousands)

Cause of Death Cardiovascular Lung Blood

Acute Myocardial Infarction 193 — 131*

Other Coronary Heart Disease 322 — —

Cerebrovascular Diseases (Stroke) 168 — 110*

Other Atherosclerosis 40 — 4*

Pulmonary Embolism 8 8* 9*

Other Cardiovascular Diseases 215 5* —

Bleeding and Red Blood Cell Diseases — — 9

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — 117 —

Asthma — 4 —

Other Airway Diseases — 1 —

Pneumonia — 65 —

Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders — 5 —

Interstitial Lung Diseases — 5 —

Lung Diseases Due to External Agents — 18 —

Other Lung Diseases — 5 —

Total 946 233 263

 Deaths From Lung 

Diseases, U.S., 2000

Deaths From Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 2000

Other CVD*

22.7%

Pulmonary

Embolism

0.8%

AMI

20.4%

Stroke

17.8%

Other CHD

34.0%

Other

Atherosclerosis

4.3%

Atherosclerosis

4.2%

Blood-Clotting Disorders 96.6%

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Source: Estimated by the NHLBI from Vital Statistics of 

the United States, NCHS.

Airway 

Diseases

52.4% Interstitial/

Other

12.0%

Pneumonia

27.9% Neonatal

2.1%

Pulmonary

Circulation

5.6%

Stroke

41.8%

Bleeding and 

Red Cell 

Diseases

3.4%

AMI

49.8%

Other

Atherosclerosis

1.7%

Pulmonary

Embolism

3.4%

Atherosclerosis

.5%
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

39

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2000

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates* for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2000

* Not age-adjusted.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths (Thousands)

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Year

Total CVD

Heart Diseases

CHD

Stroke

Rate per 100,000 Population

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Year

CVD

Heart Diseases

CHD

Stroke
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

40

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2000

* Includes 187.2 deaths per 100,000 population from CHD.

† COPD and allied conditions (including asthma); the term in the ICD/10 is “chronic lower respiratory diseases.”

‡ Based on the average remaining years of life up to age 75 years.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS (preliminary).

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2000

* Includes deaths among individuals of Asian extraction and Asian-Pacific Islanders.

† Includes deaths among Aleuts and Eskimos.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Years of potential life lost

(millions)‡

3.3 4.4 0.6 0.5 2.7 0.5 0.2 <0.1 0.2 0.2

Rate per 100,000 Population

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Cause of Death

 1 = Heart*

 2 = Cancer

 3 = Cerebrovascular

 4 = COPD†

 5 = Accidents

 6 = Diabetes

 7 = Influenza and Pneumonia

 8 = Alzheimer's Disease

 9 = Nephritis

 10 = Septicemia

Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Pneumonia

Nephritis

COPD

HIV Infection

Homicide

Diabetes

Accidents

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Black Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Perinatal

Pneumonia

COPD

Homicide

Cirrhosis

Diabetes

Stroke

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Hispanic Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Perinatal

Nephritis

Suicide

Diabetes

Pneumonia

COPD

Accidents

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Asian* Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Nephritis

Pneumonia

Suicide

COPD

Cirrhosis

Stroke

Diabetes

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

American Indian†

Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Pneumonia

Nephritis

COPD

HIV Infection

Homicide

Diabetes

Accidents

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Black Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Perinatal

Pneumonia

COPD

Homicide

Cirrhosis

Diabetes

Stroke

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Hispanic Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Perinatal

Nephritis

Suicide

Diabetes

Pneumonia

COPD

Accidents

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Asian* Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Nephritis

Pneumonia

Suicide

COPD

Cirrhosis

Stroke

Diabetes

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

American Indian†
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

41

Death Rates* for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1980 and 2000

* Age-adjusted; rate per 100,000 population.

† Data for 2000 are preliminary or estimated by the NHLBI.

Note: Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths From Congestive Heart Failure, U.S., 1968–2000

Note: The sharp drop occurring in 1989 is attributed to the revision of the death certificate.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Rate* Rate Percent 

Cause of Death 1980 2000† Change Change

All Causes 1,039 872 -167 -16

Cardiovascular Diseases 544 341 -203 -37

Coronary Heart Disease 345 187 -158 -46

Stroke 96 57 -39 -41

Other 103 97 -6 -6

Noncardiovascular Diseases 495 531 36 7

Deaths (Thousands)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

42

Death Rates* for Heart Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2000

* Age-adjusted.

† Non-Hispanic.

Note: Each line is a log linear regression derived from the actual rates.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates* for Stroke by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2000

* Age-adjusted.

† Non-Hispanic.

Note: Each line is a log linear regression derived from the actual rates.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Rate per 100,000 Population

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1985 2000 1985 2000

Year

Black

White

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Male Female

†

Rate per 100,000 Population

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1985 2000 1985 2000

Year

Black

White

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Male Female

†
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

43

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2000

Actual Rate and Expected Rates if Rise Had Continued or Reached a Plateau

* Age adjusted.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead From Hospitals, 

U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2000

Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey, NCHS.

Rate per 100,000 Population*

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

More Than 1.6 Million Deaths Expected

in 2000 if Rise Had Continued

1,329,000 Deaths Expected in 2000 

if No Decline From Peak Rate

515,000 Actual Deaths in 2000

814,000 CHD Deaths Averted in 2000 Due to

Decline From Peak Rate in 1968 (1,329,000–515,000)

Peak Rate

Disease

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Cardiac 

Dysrhythmia

Pneumonia

Congestive 

Heart Failure

Stroke

AMI

Percent Discharged Dead

1975

1985

2000
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

44

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Men Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2000

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, World Health Organization (WHO).

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Women Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2000

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, WHO.

Rate per 100,000 Population*

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

Finland

Australia

USA

England

Poland

France

Japan

Rate per 100,000 Population*

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

Finland

Australia

USA

England

Poland

France

Japan
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

45

Change in Death Rates* for Selected Causes by Race and Gender, U.S., 1990–2000

* Age-adjusted.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2000

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Percent

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

COPD Asthma CHD Stroke

Cause of Death

White Men

Black Men

White Women

Black Women

Rate per 100,000 Live Births

0

50

100

150

200

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

Respiratory 

Distress Syndrome

Sudden Infant

Death Syndrome

Other Neonatal 

Respiratory Disorder 

Hypoxia

Pneumonia
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

46

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2000

* In 2000, congenital CVD and congenital anomalies of the respiratory system represented 44 percent of all infant deaths due to congenital anomalies.

† Between 1990 and 2000, congenital CVD declined 39 percent; congenital anomalies of the respiratory system declined 39 percent; other congenital anomalies 

declined 17 percent.

NA: Not available.

Note: Capitalization indicates diseases addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2000

* NHLBI programs address these diseases.

Note: Percents may not add to total due to rounding.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Cause of Death

Deaths 

Under Age 1

All Causes 28,035

Cardiovascular Diseases 2,505

Congenital Anomalies 1,842*

Other 663*

Lung Diseases 6,066

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 2,523*

Respiratory Distress Syndrome 933*

Pneumonia 280

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) 261

Atelectasis of Newborn 496

Congenital Anomalies 647*

Other Lung Diseases 926

Other Diseases 19,464

Cause of Mortality

0 50 100 150 200

Intrauterine hypoxia

Diseases of circulatory system

Bacterial sepsis of newborn

Accidents and adverse effects

RESPIRATORY 

DISTRESS SYNDROME

Newborns affected by complications 

of placenta, cord, and membrane

Newborns affected by maternal 

complications of pregnancy

SUDDEN INFANT 

DEATH SYNDROME

DISORDERS RELATING

TO SHORT GESTATION

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES*

Deaths Under Age 1 per 100,000 Live Births

Percent Change

1990–2000

-21†

+1

-15

-65

+7

-54

-5

NA

-7

-41

Congenital 

Anomalies of 

the Respiratory 

System

2.3%

Atelectasis and 

Other Lung 

Diseases

BPD 5.1%

0.9%

Pneumonia

1.0%

RDS

SIDS 3.3%

9.0%

Other CVD

2.4%

Congenital 

Anomalies of 

the CV System

6.6%

Other Diseases

69.4%

CVD 8.9%

Lung Diseases 21.6%
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

47

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Men Ages 35+ Years, Selected Countries, 

1980–2000

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, WHO.

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Women Ages 35+ Years, Selected 

Countries, 1980–2000

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, WHO.

Rate per 100,000 Population*

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

Finland

France

Japan

Rate per 100,000 Population*

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

Finland

France

Japan
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

48

Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, 

U.S., 1985–2000

* Age-adjusted.

† Non-Hispanic.

Note: Each line is a log linear regression derived from the actual rates.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 1989–2000

Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, NCHS.

Rate per 100,000 Population

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1985 2000 1985 2000

Year

Black

White

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Male Female

†

Visits (Millions)

0

1

2

3

4

5

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Year
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

49

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2000

* Systolic blood pressure 140 mmHg or greater and/or diastolic 90 or greater or on antihypertensive medication.

† For 2001.

‡ For 1996.

Note: Some persons are included in more than one diagnostic group, and persons with more than one form of anemia are counted more than once.

Sources: Extrapolated to United States from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988–94, and National Health Interview Survey 

(NHIS), 2000 and 2001.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases* in Adults by Age, U.S., 1988–94

* Hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart failure, rheumatic heart disease, or congenital cardiovascular disease. 

Hypertension = 140/90+ mmHg or on antihypertensive medication.

Source: NHANES, 1988–94.

Disease Number

Total Cardiovascular Diseases 61,800,000

Hypertension* 50,000,000

Coronary Heart Disease 12,900,000

Congestive Heart Failure 4,900,000

Stroke 4,700,000

Congenital Heart Disease 1,000,000

Asthma† 20,300,000

COPD† 12,100,000

Chronic Bronchitis only (age 25+)† 9,200,000

Emphysema only (age 25+)† 2,000,000

Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema (age 25+)† 900,000

Anemias (all forms)‡ 3,500,000

Percent

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

18–19 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70–79 80+

Ages
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

50

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2000

* For 2001.

Note: Numbers depicted in bars are not additive by disease because some persons have more than one disease.

Source: NHIS and NHANES, NCHS.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2000

* Age-adjusted.

Note: Hypertension is blood pressure 140/90+ mmHg or on antihypertensive medication. High cholesterol is 240+ mg/dl. Overweight is BMI 25+ kg/m2. 

Source: NHIS for smoking and NHANES for the other risk factors (ages 20–74).

Disease

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Anemias

Emphysema*

Chronic Bronchitis*

Asthma*

Congestive Heart Failure

Stroke

Coronary Heart Disease

Hypertension

Emphysema*

Stroke

Congestive Heart Failure

Chronic Bronchitis*

Asthma*

Coronary Heart Disease

Hypertension 

Anemias

Coronary Heart Disease

Chronic Bronchitis*

Asthma*

Hypertension

Asthma*

Percent

<18 Years

18–44 Years

45–64 Years

65+ Years

Percent of Population*

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

Hypertension

Smoking

High Cholesterol

Overweight
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

51

Hypertensive Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Age 18+, U.S., 1971–72 to 1999–2000

* Systolic blood pressure 160+ mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 95+ mmHg or on antihypertensive medication.

**Systolic blood pressure 140+ mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 90+ mmHg or on antihypertensive medication.

Source: NHANES, NCHS.

Adult Population With Hypertension* by Age, Gender, and Race, U.S., 1999–2000

* Systolic blood pressure 140+ mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 90+ mmHg or on antihypertensive medication.

Source: NHANES, NCHS, and personal communication.

Percent of Hypertension Population*

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Aware Treated Controlled

1971–72

1974–75

1976–80

1988–94

Ages

Percent of Population

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0

White

Black

MexicanAmerican

0 20 40 60 80 100

60+

40–59

18–39 Men Women

Percent of Hypertension Population**

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Aware Treated Controlled

1976–80

1988–91

1991–94

1999–00
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

52

Hospitalization Rates for Congestive Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 Years and 65+ Years, U.S., 1971–2000

Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey, NCHS.

Prevalence of Asthma by Age, U.S., 1981, 1991, and 2001

* Positive response to question: During the past 12 months, did anyone in your family have asthma?

† Positive responses to questions: Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that you had asthma? Do you still have it?

Note: NCHS changed interview questions, so estimates for 2001 are not comparable with earlier estimates.

Source: NHIS, NCHS.

Rates per 10,000 Population

0

50

100

150

200

250

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

Ages 65+

Years

Ages 45-64

Years

Percent

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

<18 18–44 45–64 65+

Ages

1981*

1991*

2001†
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

53

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2003

* Direct costs are personal health care expenditures for hospital and nursing home care, drugs, home care, and physician and other professional services. The estimation method is based on Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) projections for total 2003 health expenditures by type of direct costs and NCHS 

estimates of direct costs in 1995 for each of the major diagnostic groups. The proportion of costs for 1995 for each diagnostic group is applied to the equivalent 

2003 total by type of direct cost. 

† Morbidity costs were estimated for 2003 by multiplying NCHS estimates for 1980 by a 4.8 percent inflation factor derived from the increase in mean earnings 

estimated by the Bureau of the Census.

‡ The mortality cost for each disease group was estimated for 2003 by first multiplying the number of deaths in 1999 in each age- and sex-specific group by the 

1999 present value of lifetime earnings (latest available) discounted at 3 percent; second, summing these estimates for each diagnostic group; and third, multiplying the estimates by a 1999–2003 inflation factor (1.26) based on change in mean earnings. 

§ Costs of blood-clotting disease are estimated from predetermined proportions of CVD morbidity and mortality statistics for MI, cerebrovascular diseases, and 

diseases of arteries.

** Does not include lung cancer or leukemia.

Note: Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding.

Source: Estimates by NHLBI; data from the NCHS, the CMS, the Bureau of the Census, and the Institute for Health and Aging, University of California, 

San Francisco.

Total Economic Costs, U.S., 2003 Economic Costs: Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases, U.S., 2003

Amount (Dollars in Billions) Percent Distribution

Indirect Costs Indirect Costs

Direct 

Costs* Morbidity† Mortality‡ Total

Direct 

Costs Morbidity Mortality Total

Cardiovascular Disease 209.3 32.4 110.1 351.8 14.7 17.0 21.3 16.5

(including Blood Clotting)§ (49.3) (7.1) (26.1) (82.5) (3.5) (3.7) (5.0) (3.9)

Lung Diseases** 70.2 25.0 31.0 126.2 4.9 13.1 6.0 5.9

Blood Diseases 7.4 0.7 2.8 10.9 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5

Subtotal 286.9 58.1 143.9 488.9 20.1 30.5 27.8 22.9

Diseases of the Digestive 

System

146.3 9.8 23.0 179.1 10.3 5.1 4.4 8.4

Neoplasms 64.2 16.3 109.0 189.5 4.5 8.5 21.1 8.9

Mental Disorders 114.8 25.1 7.9 147.8 8.0 13.2 1.5 6.9

Diseases of the Nervous 

System

117.7 7.4 11.1 136.2 8.2 3.9 2.1 6.4

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal 

System 

81.7 19.5 2.6 103.8 5.7 10.2 0.5 4.9

Diseases of the Genitourinary 

System

60.4 5.0 5.4 70.8 4.2 2.6 1.0 3.3

Endocrine, Nutritional, and 

Metabolic Diseases

56.9 6.3 16.9 80.1 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.8

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 29.1 11.6 27.6 68.3 2.0 6.1 5.3 3.2

Diseases of the Skin 32.1 1.6 0.5 34.2 2.2 0.8 0.1 1.6

Other Respiratory Diseases 40.0 7.7 2.8 50.5 2.8 4.0 0.5 2.4

Other and Unallocated to 

Diseases

394.9 22.3 165.9 583.1 27.7 11.7 32.1 27.3

Total $1,425.0 $190.8 $516.6 $2,132.4 100% 100% 100% 100%

Other

77.1%

Lung

5.9%

Cardiovascular

16.5%

Blood

0.5%

Indirect 41.4%

Mortality

29.4%

Morbidity

11.9%

Direct

58.7%

NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

55

More than two-thirds of the research supported by 

the NHLBI is initiated by individual investigators; 

the remainder is initiated by the Institute. This 

chapter describes the rationale for Institute-initiated 

programs and the objectives of the Institute-initiated 

programs that began in FY 2002.

It is incumbent upon the Institute to respond 

appropriately to evolving national needs, congressional mandates, and advances in scientific knowledge. Each NHLBI initiative represents the 

outcome of numerous and extensive discussions and 

thorough reviews by representatives of the scientific 

community, by Institute advisory committees or special emphasis panels, and by the National Heart, 

Lung, and Blood Advisory Council (NHLBAC). 

The advisory committees and special emphasis panels, together with professional societies and NHLBI 

staff, continually review the progress of research 

within the NHLBI program areas, assess newly 

acquired knowledge, and identify research topics 

that offer the best opportunities or have the greatest 

needs. This planning process contributes to policy 

development at the national level by setting priorities among competing programs and establishing 

budgets for individual programs and projects. 

Initiatives generally emanate as Requests for 

Applications (RFAs) for grants, including cooperative agreements, or Requests for Proposals (RFPs) 

for contracts. A smaller number of initiatives take 

the form of Program Announcements (PAs). Applications and proposals submitted in response to RFAs 

and RFPs compete among themselves for specific 

“set-aside” funds. Applications submitted in 

response to PAs compete with other investigatorinitiated applications for funding.

RFA, RFP, and PA concepts prepared by the Institute are presented to the NHLBAC for review, comments, and concurrence. Initiatives that receive the 

concurrence of the NHBLAC are considered further 

by the NHLBI Director in the context of the Institute’s budget, program priorities, review workloads, 

and the proposed mechanism. These considerations 

guide the Director’s subsequent decisions to 

approve initiatives for release. RFAs, RFPs, and 

PAs are announced in the weekly publication, the 

NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts.

Applications and proposals submitted in response 

to RFAs and RFPs are reviewed by the NHLBI. 

Applications submitted in response to PAs are 

reviewed by the NIH Center for Scientific Review.

Descriptions of the Institute-initiated programs 

that began or were renewed in FY 2002 are presented below according to NHLBI scientific program. Also described are trans-NIH initiatives that 

included NHLBI participation.

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Initiative Being Renewed

Specialized Centers of Research (SCORs) in 

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis

The purpose of this renewal is to continue support 

for a network of collaborative multiproject SCORs 

that are seeking to elucidate the pathobiology of atherosclerotic lesions in the arterial wall. Researchers 

are investigating mechanisms associated with lesion 

susceptibility and initiation; lesion progression, 

complication, and regression; and interactions of 

vessel walls with systemic factors promoting atherogenesis. 

New Initiative

Role of Infectious Agents in Vascular Diseases

The purpose of this RFA is to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which bacterial 

and viral infectious agents contribute to vascular 

disorders, such as atherogenesis, coronary events, 

and restenosis. The ultimate goal is to develop antiviral and antibacterial interventions, including vaccines that target these molecular mechanisms.

5. Institute-Initiated Programs 

Starting in FY 2002
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

56

Lung Diseases Program

Initiative Being Renewed

Specialized Centers of Research (SCORs) in Cellular 

and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma, Pathobiology 

of Fibrotic Lung Disease, and Pathobiology of Lung 

Development

The purpose of these programs is to promote multidisciplinary basic and clinical research in cellular and 

molecular mechanisms associated with asthma, fibrosis 

and chronic interstitial lung disease, and diseases in newborns related to abnormal lung development and premature birth. Results from these SCOR grants are expected 

to have an impact on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders.

New Initiatives

Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities

The objective of this RFA is to promote partnerships 

between minority-serving institutions and research intensive institutions to conduct collaborative research on factors that contribute to health disparities experienced by 

minority and economically disadvantaged populations in 

relation to asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. 

Factors implicated as causes for the disparities include 

genetic variations, differences in lifestyle, SES, culturalrelated health practices, and access to care. 

Mathematical Models of Cytokine/Chemokine 

Networks in HIV-Associated Lung Disease

The purpose of this RFA is to stimulate research in the 

use of computational biological methods to create mathematical models of cytokine/chemokine networks in 

order to understand the role of such networks in mediating HIV type 1-associated inflammatory reactions and 

infections in the lung.

Novel Biomarkers of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary 

Disease (COPD) 

The purpose of this RFA is to identify and characterize 

novel biomarkers of COPD presence, severity, and exacerbation. New molecular, chemical, and radiographic 

measures may provide information about individual 

patients and about the disease process that is not available from existing methods.

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Initiatives Being Renewed

Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers

The purpose of this renewal is to provide continued 

funding for the comprehensive sickle cell centers. The 

centers serve to bridge the gap between research and service by providing support for basic and clinical research, 

clinical trials, training for young investigators, and 

patient service activities that are focused on implementing the best current models of treatment for SCD. 

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) in Sickle 

Cell Anemia Adult Follow-up

The purpose of this RFP is to extend the Multicenter 

Study of Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Disease follow-up 

to 10 years. Researchers are investigating the efficacy 

and toxic effects of long-term hydroxyurea therapy. 

New Initiatives

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research 

Network

The purpose of this RFA is to establish a clinical 

research network for evaluating new and existing blood 

products and cytokines in the treatment of hematologic 

disorders. Management strategies for individuals with 

hemostatic disorders also will be assessed.

Trans-NHLBI

Initiatives Being Renewed

Mentored Minority Faculty Development Award

 The purpose of this renewal is to provide training to 

underrepresented minority faculty members that will 

prepare them for careers as independent investigators in 

research related to heart, lung, or blood diseases or sleep 

disorders.

Minority Institution Research Scientist Development 

Award

The objective of this renewal is to enhance the 

research skills of faculty members at minority institutions in heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders. Applicants will establish a mentoring relationship 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

57

with an accomplished investigator at a nearby institution. 

The ultimate goals are to enhance the minority institutions’ science infrastructure and to provide research 

opportunities for underrepresented minorities at the 

applicant institutions.

Minority Institutional Research Training Program

The objective of this renewal is to provide support to 

minority schools for research training in heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders. Qualified graduate 

and health professional students and individuals in postdoctoral training selected for the program will establish a 

mentoring relationship with an accomplished investigator at a nearby institution. Important program goals are 

to enhance the minority institutions’ science infrastructure and to provide research opportunities for underrepresented minorities.

Short-Term Training for Minority Students

The purpose of this renewal is to encourage institutions to provide opportunities for underrepresented 

minority undergraduate and graduate students to become 

exposed to biomedical or behavioral research in areas 

relevant to heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders through a short-term, full-time research experience of 2 to 3 consecutive months.

New Initiatives

Innovative Concepts and Approaches to Developing 

Functional Tissues and Organs for Heart, Vascular, 

Lung, and Blood Applications

The objective of this RFA is to stimulate research in 

tissue engineering as a biological substitute for implantation, or tissue regeneration and remodeling in vivo to 

replace, repair, maintain, or enhance heart, vascular, 

lung, or blood functions. The RFA encourages the formation of multidisciplinary teams of chemists, physicists, materials scientists, biologists, and physicians. 

Interaction of Genes and Environment in Shaping Risk 

Factors for Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Disorders

The purpose of this RFA is to identify genes that modify the impact of environmental exposures on heart, lung, 

blood, and sleep disorders by quantifying the interaction 

between genetic variants and specific environmental 

changes. The ultimate goal is to identify subgroups of 

individuals based on genotype who are most likely to 

benefit from targeted environmental changes designed to 

reduce the development or progression of these diseases.

NHLBI Innovative Research Grant Program

The objective of this RFA is to explore new 

approaches to heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders through analysis of existing data or use of 

existing biological specimens. Scientists will seek to 

provide preliminary results that demonstrate the feasibility of novel approaches for exploring and testing new 

hypotheses.

NHLBI Shared Microarray Facilities

The purpose of this RFA is to establish or expand 

shared DNA microarray facilities with the equipment 

and expertise in the relevant disciplines (molecular biology, robotics, bioinformatics, genomics, statistics) 

needed to facilitate the application of DNA microarray 

technology to research in heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. The shared microarray facilities will 

provide microarray services; relevant education, skills 

development, and assistance in microarray technology 

and its application; and analytical tools and guidance in 

the interpretation of gene expression profiling results to 

NHLBI-supported researchers.

Resuscitation: SBIR/STTR Technologies for 

Monitoring and Performing

The objective of this PA is to stimulate multidisciplinary research in the development of new approaches 

and technologies for monitoring and resuscitating individuals who experience out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary 

and traumatic arrest. The goal of the program is to 

improve survival following severe reduction of oxygen 

and carbon dioxide transport due to circulatory failure.

Trials Assessing Innovative Strategies to Improve 

Clinical Practice Through Guidelines in Heart, Lung, 

and Blood Diseases

The objective of this RFA is to evaluate clinical intervention strategies to improve implementation of 

national, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for 

the treatment of heart, lung, and blood diseases. The 

interventions should involve strategies that address multiple barriers to guideline implementation or factors 

enhancing guideline adherence. 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

58

TRANS-NIH

New Initiatives

Basic Research to Improve Cardiopulmonary and 

Neurological Outcomes Following Resuscitation From 

Cardiopulmonary Arrest

The purpose of this RFA is to study the effects of 

ischemia and subsequent blood flow restoration on cardiovascular and neurological functions. The ultimate 

goal is to develop effective new therapeutic strategies to 

restore heart function and preserve neurologic function 

after cardiopulmonary arrest.

Environmental Approaches to the Prevention of 

Obesity

The purpose of this RFA is to study primary and secondary prevention approaches targeting environmental 

factors that contribute to excessive weight gain in 

children, adolescents, and adults. Collaboration with 

organizations/institutions, such as schools, worksites, 

community groups, supermarkets, restaurants, religious 

organizations, and recreation facilities, is recommended 

so that newly developed approaches that prove to be successful can be translated into larger scale interventions. 

Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue

The objective of this RFA is to investigate heritable 

disorders of connective tissue caused by abnormalities in 

molecules involved in biosynthesis, processing, and degradation of structural macromolecules, as well as abnormalities in regulatory and signaling molecules that reside 

within the extracellular matrix. The ultimate goal is to 

develop new therapeutic strategies for diseases that 

involve alterations of the integrity of connective tissue 

compartments within the wall of the blood vessel and 

subsequent formation of aneurysms in the aorta and 

smaller arteries. 

Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) 

Cardiovascular Toxicities

The objective of this RFA is to elucidate the mechanisms by which use of HAART for HIV disease contributes to development of CVD. Results will lead to 

improved strategies for prevention and treatment.

Interrelationship Between Sleep and Diseases of the 

Heart, Lung, and Blood

The goal of this RFA is to identify measurable characteristics of sleep and the interrelationship of sleep with 

heart, lung, and blood diseases in order to facilitate 

epidemiological and clinical studies, provide improved 

diagnostic tools, and stimulate development of innovative therapies.

Placebo Effects in Clinical Practice

The objective of this RFA is to study the effects 

placebos have on clinical practice. Emphasis will be 

placed on factors necessary to elicit a placebo effect in 

clinical practice so that benefits of the therapeutic intervention can be enhanced to improve health and promote 

wellness.

Placebo Effects: Elucidation of Underlying 

Mechanisms

The purpose of this RFA is to delineate, through crosscutting multidisciplinary, integrative research, the underlying mechanisms by which a placebo leads to its ultimate physiological and psychological effects.

Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Children

The purpose of this RFA is to advance understanding 

of fundamental biological mechanisms through which 

sleep deprivation and sleep disorders affect the cardiopulmonary, hematological, immunological, mental, and 

behavioral health of children. Specific objectives are to 

advance understanding of age-specific and individual 

requirements for sleep in children, define pathophysiological mechanisms underlying emergence and progression of childhood sleep disorders, and identify genetic 

factors and phenotypic variations in sleep characteristics 

that determine childhood patterns of sleep and circadian 

rhythmicity.

Treatment of HAART-Associated Metabolic Changes in 

Patients With HIV Infection

The purpose of this RFA is to develop and evaluate 

strategies for treating metabolic complications associated with HAART in patients with HIV infection. Complications include dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and 

lipodystrophy (abnormal distribution of body fat) which, 

in turn, are major risk factors for development of diabetes and CVD.
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

59

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council

Structure

Chair: Claude Lenfant, M.D., Director, NHLBI

Executive Secretary: Deborah P. Beebe, Ph.D., 

Director, Division of Extramural Affairs, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301-435-0260

The Secretary of Health and Human Services 

(HHS) appoints 18 members: 12 are leading representatives of the health and scientific disciplines 

(including public health and behavioral or social sciences), and 6 are from the general public and are 

leaders in the fields of public policy, law, health policy, economics, and management.

Members are appointed for overlapping terms of 

4 years.

The Council includes the following ex officio 

members:

• Secretary, HHS

• Director, NIH

• Director, NHLBI

• Chief Medical Director, or Designee, 

Veterans Affairs

• Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health 

Affairs, or Designee.

Functions

The NHLBAC reviews applications for research 

grants, cooperative agreements, and training grants 

in heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; 

sleep disorders; and blood resources, and recommends scientific projects that merit support to the 

Director, NHLBI.

The Council advises the Secretary, HHS, the 

Assistant Secretary for Health, HHS, and the Directors, NIH and NHLBI, on matters relating to causes, 

prevention, and methods of diagnosis and treatment 

of diseases and resources within the purview of the 

Institute. As stated in its charter, the Council also 

“may review any grant, contract, or cooperative 

agreement proposed to be made or entered into by 

the Institute; may make recommendations to the 

Director of the Institute respecting research 

conducted at the Institute; may collect, by correspondence or by personal investigation, information 

as to studies that are being carried on in the United 

States or any other country with respect to the cause, 

prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of heart, blood 

vessel, lung, and blood diseases, and to the use of 

blood and blood products and the management of 

blood resources and with the approval of the Director of the Institute, make available such information 

through appropriate publications for the benefit of 

public and private health entities and health 

professions personnel and scientists and for the 

information of the general public; and may appoint 

subcommittees and convene workshops and 

conferences.”

The Council may also make recommendations to 

the Director, NIH and other authorized officials 

regarding the acceptance of conditional gifts pursuant to section 2501 of the Public Health Service Act.

Meetings

The Chair convenes meetings not fewer than four 

times a year and approves the agenda.

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

60

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council Membership*

Claude Lenfant, M.D.

Chair

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Rina Alcalay, Ph.D. (2003)

University of California, Davis

Melissa A. Austin, M.D. (2004)

University of Washington

Carolyne Sue Byrnes (2004)

LAM Foundation

Allen W. Cowley, Jr., Ph.D. (2002)

Medical College of Wisconsin

Paul L. Douglass, M.D., F.A.C.C. (2002)

Metropolitan Atlanta Cardiology Consultants, P.C.

Jeffrey M. Drazen, M.D. (2004)

New England Journal of Medicine

Mary F. Lipscomb, M.D. (2003)

University of New Mexico School of Medicine

Robert J. Mason, M.D. (2005)

University of Colorado

Alan Meisel, J.D. (2003)

University of Pittsburgh School of Law

Jane W. Newburger, M.D. (2005)

Children’s Hospital Boston

Ananda S. Prasad, M.D., Ph.D (2004)

Wayne State University

Amelie G. Ramirez, Dr.P.H. (2002)

Baylor College of Medicine

Robert D. Rosenberg, M.D., Ph.D. (2002)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Roger G. Spragg, M.D. (2002)

University of California, San Diego

George Thomas, M.D. (2005)

Bradenton Cardiology Center

Pearl T. Toy, M.D. (2004)

University of California, San Francisco

Linda V. Van Horn, Ph.D. (2005)

Northwestern University Medical School

Roberta G. Williams, M.D. (2003)

Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles

Ex Officio Members

Arn H. Eliasson, M.D.

Walter Reed Army Medical Center

Pamela Steele, M.D.

Department of Veterans Affairs Central Office

Tommy G. Thompson

Department of Health and Human Services

Elias A. Zerhouni, M.D.

National Institutes of Health

* Current as of October 2002. The current roster, containing full addresses for the NHLBAC and Committees, can be obtained 

from the NHLBI’s home page on the Internet at http:/ /www.nhlbi.nih.gov/nhlbi/meetings/index.htm. 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

61

Program Advisory and Review Committees

Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee

Chair: Peter Lane, M.D., University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center

Executive Secretary: Charles M. Peterson, M.D., 

Director, Blood Diseases Program, DBDR, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301-435-0050

The Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee advises 

the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HHS and the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the 

DBDR on matters related to the Sickle Cell Disease Program and makes recommendations concerning planning, 

execution, and evaluation of all aspects of the program.

Membership*

Gilda A. Barabino, Ph.D. (2004)

Northeastern University

Oswaldo Castro, M.D. (2004)

Howard University

J. Hoxi Jones-Carranza (2004)

Texas Department of Human Services

Herbert J. Meiselman, Sc.D. (2003)

University of Southern California

Marie J. Stuart, M.D. (2003)

Thomas Jefferson University

Joseph Telfair, Dr.P.H. (2004)

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Russell E. Ware, M.D. (2006)

Duke University Medical Center

Theodore Wun, M.D. (2006)

University of California, Davis Cancer Center

Ex Officio Members

Joseph Desimone, Ph.D.

Department of Veterans Affairs, Chicago 

William H. Hannon, Ph.D.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

Marie Y. Mann, M.D.

Health Resources and Services Administration

Robert L. Sheffler, M.D.

Brooke Army Medical Center

Elias A. Zerhouni, M.D.

National Institutes of Health

Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board

Chair: Stuart F. Quan, M.D., University of Arizona 

College of Medicine

Executive Secretary: Carl E. Hunt, M.D., Director, 

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 

20892; 301-435-0199

The Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board advises 

the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the National 

Center on Sleep Disorders Research on matters related to 

the scientific activities carried out by and through the 

Center and on policies regarding such activities, including the identification of research priorities for coordination of sleep and sleep disorders research by the NIH and 

other Federal, professional, and voluntary organizations.

Membership*

Gene D. Block, Ph.D. (2004)

University of Virginia

Sarah J. Caddick, Ph.D. (2004)

Steven and Michele Kirsch Foundation

Mary A. Carskadon, Ph.D. (2003)

Brown University School of Medicine

Kathryn A. Lee, Ph.D. (2006)

University of California, San Francisco

Sandra B. McGinnis (2003)

Patient Advocate—Sleep

* Current as of October 2002. 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

62

Rafael Pelayo, M.D. (2006)

Stanford University

Susan Redline, M.D. (2006)

Case Western Reserve University

Clifford B. Saper, M.D., Ph.D. (2005)

Harvard Medical School

Michael J. Sateia, M.D. (2006)

Dartmouth Medical School

Dara D. Spearman (2003)

University of Michigan

Phillip L. Williams (2004)

Bethlehem Steel

Ex Officio Members

Colonel Gregory Belenky, M.D.

Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

Robert W. Greene, M.D., Ph.D.

Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Brockton 

Israel Lederhendler, Ph.D.

NIMH, National Institutes of Health

Claude Lenfant, M.D.

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health

Andrew Monjan, Ph.D., M.P.H.

NIA, National Institutes of Health

Paul Nichols, Ph.D.

NINDS, National Institutes of Health

Eve E. Slater, M.D.

Department of Health and Human Services

Marian Willinger, Ph.D.

NICHD, National Institutes of Health

Elias A. Zerhouni, M.D.

National Institutes of Health

Clinical Trials Review Committee

Chair: Carl J. Pepine, M.D., University of Florida 

College of Medicine

Scientific Review Administrator: Valerie L. 

Prenger, Ph.D., Health Science Administrator, Division 

of Extramural Affairs, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; 301-435-0287

The Clinical Trials Review Committee provides initial 

technical merit review for the NHLBAC and the Director 

of the NHLBI on clinical trial applications for the 

support of studies to evaluate preventive or therapeutic 

measures of cardiovascular, lung, or blood diseases.

Membership*

Shelly L. Carter, Sc.D. (2006)

The Emmes Corporation

Vernon M. Chinchilli, Ph.D. (2003)

Pennsylvania State College of Medicine

James E. Fish, M.D. (2005)

Thomas Jefferson Medical College

John M. Fontaine, M.D. (2005)

Hahnemann University

Judith S. Hochman, M.D. (2006)

Columbia University

James D. Hosking, Ph.D. (2003)

University of North Carolina

Kenneth V. Leeper, M.D. (2004)

Emory University School of Medicine

Marilyn J. Manco-Johnson, M.D. (2005)

University of Colorado Health Sciences Center

Cynthia S. Rand, Ph.D. (2003)

The Johns Hopkins University

David M. Reboussin, Ph.D. (2006)

Wake Forest University School of Medicine

* Current as of October 2002. 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

63

Linda G. Snetselaar, Ph.D. (2004)

University of Iowa

Charles M. Stein, Ph.D. (2004)

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Marilyn J. Telen, M.D. (2005)

Duke University Medical Center

Carla Yunis, M.D. (2004)

3M Pharmaceuticals

Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review 

Committee

Chair: Gary K. Owens, Ph.D., University of Virginia 

School of Medicine

Scientific Review Administrator: Jeffery H. Hurst, 

Ph.D., Health Scientist Administrator, Division of Extramural Affairs, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, 

Bethesda, Maryland 20892; 301-435-0303

The Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review 

Committee provides initial technical merit review for the 

NHLBAC and the Director, NHLBI, on program project 

applications proposing research in the areas of heart, 

lung, and blood diseases and resources.

Membership*

Roberto Bolli, M.D. (2004)

University of Louisville School of Medicine

Martha K. Cathcart, Ph.D. (2004)

Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Debra I. Diz, Ph.D. (2003)

Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Jeffrey J. Fredberg, Ph.D. (2006)

Harvard University

Joe G. Garcia, M.D. (2005)

The Johns Hopkins University

Katherine A. High, M.D. (2005)

University of Pennsylvania

Cheryl A. Hillery, M.D. (2005)

The Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin

Alan H. Kadish, M.D. (2004)

Northwestern University Medical School

K. J. Koa, M.D., Ph.D. (2005)

University of Florida

Aldons J. Lusis, Ph.D. (2003)

University of California, Los Angeles

Brooke T. Mossman, Ph.D. (2006)

University of Vermont

Nancy J. Rusch, Ph.D. (2004)

Medical College of Wisconsin

Roy L. Silverstein, M.D. (2006)

Cornell University

Julian Solway, M.D. (2006)

University of Chicago

Kurt R. Stenmark, M.D. (2005)

University of Colorado Health Sciences Center

Michiko Watanabe, Ph.D. (2006)

Case Western Reserve University

Gilbert C. White II, M.D. (2003)

University of North Carolina

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Special Emphasis Panel

The Institute established the NHLBI Special Emphasis 

Panel (SEP) to perform initial peer review of applications and proposals that were previously handled by ad 

hoc committees. Concept review, previously handled by 

divisional program advisory committees, has also been 

incorporated into the SEP system. The SEP, which has 

neither a fixed membership nor a set meeting schedule, is 

constituted to provide required peer review expertise at 

precisely the time that it is needed.

Board of Scientific Counselors

Chair: Joseph Loscalzo, M.D., Ph.D., Boston University School of Medicine

Executive Secretary: Elizabeth Nabel, M.D., 

Director, Clinical Research Program, NHLBI, National 

Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301-496-1518

* Current as of October 2002. 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

64

The Board of Scientific Counselors advises the Director and the Deputy Director for Intramural Research, 

NIH, and the Directors of NHLBI and the Division of 

Intramural Research, NHLBI, on the intramural research 

programs of the NHLBI.

Membership*

Ivor J. Benjamin, M.D. (2007)

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 

Nancy Berliner, M.D. (2007)

Yale University

Nelson J. Chao, M.D. (2006)

Duke University Medical Center

Pamela B. Davis, M.D. (2006)

Case Western Reserve University

Kevin J. Foskett, Ph.D. (2005)

University of Pennsylvania

Carole R. Mendelson, Ph.D. (2004) 

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Stephen G. Young, M.D. (2005)

University of California, San Francisco

* Current as of October 2002. 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

65

NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002

* Excludes funds provided by other agencies by means of a reimbursable agreement.

† Includes $60,841 for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants.

‡ Includes P50, P20, and P30.

§ Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

** Excludes OD and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.

NHLBI Total Obligations NHLBI Extramural NHLBI Extramural

by Budget Category Obligations by Program Obligations by Division

* Includes Heart and Vascular Diseases and Epidemiology and Clinical Applications.

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars*

(Thousands)

Percent of Total 

NHLBI Budget

Research Project Grants† $1,779,573 69.2%

Centers of Research‡ 108,416 4.2

Sickle Cell Centers 17,208 0.7

Centers for AIDS Research 2,538 0.1

Other Research Grants 98,459 3.8

Research Careers Programs§ 63,511 2.5

Training Programs 79,170 3.1

Research and Development Contracts 258,300 10.1

Intramural Laboratory and Clinical Research 146,736 5.7

Research Management and Support** 79,394 3.1

Research Facilities Construction Grants — —

Total Obligations $2,569,794 100%

For detailed data on FY 2002:

• Research grants, see Chapters 9 and 11

• Research and development contracts, see Chapters 10 and 11

• Research training and career development, see Chapter 13

• Geographic distribution of awards, see Chapter 14.

7. Fiscal Year 2002 Budget Overview

Heart and 

Vascular 

Diseases

47.9%

Lung 

Diseases

20.9%

Blood 

Diseases and 

Resources

16.9%

Epidemiology 

and Clinical 

Applications

9.8%

Sleep 

Disorders 

Research

1.9%

Women's 

Health 

Initiative

2.5%

Women's 

Health 

Initiative

2.5%

Heart and 

Vascular 

Diseases*

57.8%

Sleep 

Disorders 

Research

1.9%

Lung 

Diseases

20.9%

Blood 

Diseases and 

Resources

16.9%

Women's 

Health 

Initiative

2.3%

Heart and 

Vascular 

Diseases*

52.7%

Sleep 

Disorders 

Research

1.7%

Research 

Management 

Support

Lung 3.1%

Diseases

19.1%

Intramural 

Laboratory 

and Clinical 

Research

5.7%

Blood 

Diseases and 

Resources

15.4%
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

66

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2002

* Includes Heart and Vascular Diseases and Epidemiology and Clinical Applications.

NHLBI Heart and Vascular Diseases Program*

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002

* Includes Heart and Vascular Diseases only.

† Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

NHLBI Epidemiology and Clinical Applications Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Program

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of NHLBI 

Extramural Budget

Heart and Vascular Diseases* $1,353,587 57.8%

Lung Diseases 490,457 20.9

Blood Diseases and Resources 395,957 16.9

Sleep Disorders Research 44,653 1.9

Women’s Health Initiative 59,010 2.5

Total, Extramural Obligations $2,343,664 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $897,338 79.9%

Centers of Research 45,384 4.0

Other Research Grants 34,853 3.1

Research Career Programs† 21,778 1.9

Training Programs 40,729 3.6

Research and Development Contracts 104,762 9.3

Total, Heart and Vascular Diseases $1,123,066 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $164,449 71.3%

Centers of Research — —

Other Research Grants 10,951 4.8

Research Career Programs* 9,177 4.0

Training Programs 4,648 2.0

Research and Development Contracts 50,473 21.9

Total, Epidemiology and Clinical Applications $230,521 100%
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

67

NHLBI Lung Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research Program

Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $375,138 76.5%

Centers of Research 42,597 8.7

Other Research Grants 36,601 7.5

Research Career Programs* 20,415 4.2

Training Programs 19,247 3.9

Research and Development Contracts 16,874 3.4

Total, Lung Diseases $490,457 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $306,139 77.3%

Centers of Research 15,494 3.9

Sickle Cell Centers 17,208 4.3

Centers for AIDS Research 2,538 0.6

Other Research Grants 13,998 3.5

Research Career Programs* 10,101 2.6

Training Programs 13,502 3.4

Research and Development Contracts 27,078 6.8

Total, Blood Diseases and Resources Program $395,957 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $36,509 81.8%

Centers of Research 4,941 11.1

Other Research Grants 2,056 4.6

 Research Career Programs* 2,042 4.6

Training Programs 1,043 2.3

Research and Development Contracts 104 0.2

Total, Sleep Disorders Research $44,653 100%
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

68

Women’s Health Initiative

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $ — — %

Centers of Research — —

Other Research Grants — —

 Research Career Programs* — —

Training Programs — —

Research and Development Contracts 59,010 100

Total, Women’s Health Initiative $59,010 100%
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

69

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2002 

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal 

Year

Budget Estimate 

to Congress

House 

Allowance

Senate 

Allowance Appropriation Obligations

Cumulative Fiscal 

Year Obligations

1950 $ 34,630 $ 11,575 $ 29,117 $ 16,075 $ 15,768 $ 15,768

1951 8,800 8,800 9,400 9,400 8,497 24,265

1952 10,237 10,074 10,156 10,083 9,850 34,115

1953 9,779 9,623 12,000 12,000 11,398 45,513

1954 11,040 12,000 15,418 15,168 14,952 60,465

1955 14,570 16,168 17,168 16,668 16,595 77,060

1956 17,454 17,398 23,976 18,808 18,838 95,898

1957 22,106 25,106 33,396 33,396 32,392 128,290

1958 33,436 33,436 38,784 35,936 35,973 164,263

1959 34,820 36,212 49,529 45,613 45,468 209,731

1960 45,594 52,744 89,500 62,237 61,565 271,296

1961 63,162 71,762 125,166 86,900 86,239 357,535

1962 97,073 105,723 160,000 132,912 110,849 468,384

1963 126,898 143,398 149,498 147,398 120,597 588,981

1964 130,108 129,325 130,545 132,404 117,551 706,532

1965 125,640 124,521 125,171 124,824 124,412 830,944

1966 141,412 146,212 143,462 141,462 141,171 972,115

1967 148,407 154,770 164,770 164,770 164,342 1,136,457

1968 167,954 167,954 177,954 167,954 162,134 1,298,591

1969 169,735 164,120 172,120 166,928 161,834 1,460,425

1970 160,513 160,513 182,000 171,257 160,433 1,620,858

1971 171,747 178,479 203,479 194,901 194,826 1,815,684

1972 195,492 211,624 252,590 232,627 232,577 2,048,261

1973 255,280 300,000 350,000 300,000 255,722 2,303,983

1974 265,000 281,415 320,000 302,915 327,270 2,631,253

1975 309,299 321,196 330,000 327,996 327,953 2,959,206

1976 324,934 329,079 379,059 370,096 368,648 3,327,854

TQA 59,715 58,015 58,015 58,763 60,639 3,388,493

1977 342,855 380,661 420,661 396,661 396,857 3,785,350

1978 403,642 432,642 456,000 447,901 447,968 4,233,318

1979 454,336 485,584 485,584 510,134 510,080 4,743,398

1980 507,344 527,544 527,544 527,544 527,248 5,270,646

1981 532,799 560,264 565,264 549,693 550,072 5,820,718

1982 579,602 583,831 587,741 559,637 559,800 6,380,518

1983 577,143 620,947 624,542 624,259 624,260 7,004,778

1984 639,774 665,859 683,489 704,939 705,064 7,709,842

1985 718,852 764,135 807,149 805,269 803,810 8,513,652

1986 775,254 856,388 863,652 859,239 821,901 9,335,553

1987 785,697 921,410 921,502 930,001 929,982 10,265,535

1988 821,887 990,808 1,000,349 965,536 965,283 11,230,818

1989 1,054,503 1,018,983 1,056,003 1,045,985 1,045,508 12,276,326

1990 1,039,846 1,090,930 1,091,597 1,072,354 1,070,683 13,347,009

1991 1,112,502 1,135,589 1,137,235 1,126,942 1,125,915 14,472,924

1992 1,209,924 1,202,398 1,190,396 1,191,500 1,190,070 15,662,994

1993 1,245,396 1,228,455 1,228,455 1,214,693 1,214,693 16,877,687

1994 1,198,402 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,852 18,155,539

1995 1,266,961 1,259,590 1,259,590 1,258,472 1,314,969 19,470,508

1996 1,337,021 1,355,866 1,320,254B 1,355,866 1,351,422C 20,821,930

1997 1,320,555D 1,438,265 1,344,742D 1,432,529E 1,431,821 22,253,751

1998 1,467,189 1,513,004 1,531,898 1,531,061F 1,526,276 23,780,027

1999 1,709,328G 1,720,344 1,793,697 1,793,697H 1,788,008 25,568,035

2000 1,759,806 1,937,404 2,001,185 2,040,291I 2,027,286 27,595,321

2001 2,069,582 2,328,102 2,328,102 2,299,866J 2,298,035 29,893,356

2002 2,567,429 2,547,675 2,618,966 2,576,125K 2,569,794 32,463,150

8. Long-Term Trends

A TQ=Transition Quarter, July 1–September 30, 1976.

B Senate Allowance reflects the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission 

and the HHS rescission.

C Obligations reflect the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission, the 

HHS rescission, and a transfer to other NIH Institutes through the NIH Director’s 

1 percent transfer authority.

D Excludes funds for AIDS research activities consolidated in the NIH Office of 

AIDS Research (OAR).

E Excludes enacted administrative reduction.

F Excludes $321,000 Director Transfer; $2,856,000 Secretary Transfer; and 

$1,600,000 Director Rescission.

G Includes $5,161,000 Bioterrorism reduction.

H Excludes $3,840,000 Director Transfer; $571,000 Secretary Transfer; and 

$1,188,000 Director Rescission.

I Excludes $1,701,000 Director Transfer; $424,000 Secretary Transfer; and 

$10,867,000 Rescission.

J Excludes $479,000 transfer to the Office of Human Research Protection; 

$436,000 Secretary Transfer; and $875,000 Rescission.

K Excludes $395,000 Government-wide Rescission; $2,135,000 Labor/HHS/

Education Rescission; $928,000 from HHS to OMB Rescission; and $2,782,000 

Secretary 1 percent transfer.
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Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

70

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Current Dollars

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Constant 1992 Dollars

Dollars in Millions

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2,200

2,400

2,600

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Sleep Disorders 

Research

Women's Health 

Initiative

Intramural 

Research

Research Management 

and Support (RMS)

Dollars in Millions

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Sleep Disorders 

Research

Women’s Health 

Initiative

Intramural 

Research

Research Management

and Support (RMS)
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Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

71

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* 2.8% Inflation Factor used to calculate FY 1999.

This table is based on the Biomedical Research & Development Price Index (January 2002).

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Current Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Extramural Research

Heart $ 619.5 $ 632.0 $ 651.7 $ 668.9 $ 692.8 $ 737.9 $ 795.6 $ 898.0 $1,058.0 $1,186.6 $1,353.4

Lung 203.4 221.6 238.7 243.0 261.9 273.4 281.7 346.2 380.4 444.0 490.5

Blood 211.9 203.5 227.4 244.6 224.3 242.7 257.5 266.1 305.9 364.0 396.0

Sleep Disorders 

Research

— — — — 15.9 18.7 22.3 31.2 35.1 37.0 44.7

Women’s Health 

Initiative

— — — — — — — 63.1 57.7 59.2 59.0

Intramural Research 97.1 98.2 101.7 98.9 101.8 104.4 111.6 119.5 122.3 133.7 146.7

Research Management 

and Support (RMS)

58.2 59.4 58.4 59.5 54.8 54.6 57.6 63.9 67.9 73.5 79.4

Total $1,190.1 $1,214.7 $1,277.9 $1,314.9 $1,351.5 $1,431.7 $1,526.3 $1,788.0 $2,027.3 $2,298.0 $2,569.8

Constant 1992 Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999* 2000 2001 2002

Extramural Research

Heart $ 619.5 $ 611.1 $ 606.7 $ 602.0 $ 607.8 $ 630.3 $ 657.2 $ 714.8 $ 807.3 $ 868.2 $ 952.9

Lung 203.4 214.3 222.2 218.7 229.8 233.1 232.7 275.6 290.2 325.0 345.3

Blood 211.9 196.8 211.7 220.1 196.4 207.5 212.7 211.8 233.4 266.4 278.8

Sleep Disorders 

Research

— — — — 14.0 16.2 18.4 24.8 26.8 27.1 31.5

Women’s Health 

Initiative

— — — — — — — 50.2 44.0 43.3 41.5

Intramural Research 97.1 95.0 94.7 89.0 89.5 88.8 92.2 95.1 93.3 97.9 103.3

Research Management 

and Support (RMS)

 58.2 57.4 54.4 53.6 48.2 47.0 47.6 50.9 51.8 53.8 55.9

Total $1,190.1 $1,174.6 $1,189.7 $1,183.4 $1,185.7 $1,222.9 $1,260.8 $1,423.2 $1,546.8 $1,681.7 $1,809.2
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72

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* Includes Research Career Programs.

† Excludes Office of the Director and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* Full-time equivalents.

Current Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Research Grants* $ 880.4 $ 895.3 $ 951.2 $ 982.6 $1,025.4 $1,100.9 $1,189.8 $1,346.6 $1,570.5 $1,796.9 $2,006.2

Research and Development (R&D) Contracts107.7 117.5 118.3 125.9 120.9 121.9 116.7 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3

Training Programs 46.7 44.3 48.3 48.0 48.5 49.8 50.6 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2

Intramural Research and 

Research Management 

and Support (RMS)†

155.3 157.6 160.1 158.4 156.6 159.1 169.2 183.4 190.1 207.3 226.1

Total $1,190.1 $1,214.7 $1,277.9 $1,314.9 $1,351.4 $1,431.7 $1,526.3 $1,788.0 $2,027.3 $2,298.0 $2,569.8

Fiscal Year

Staff 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

FTEs* 931 911 854 822 834 829 840 847 865 868 880

Dollars in Millions

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

Research Grants

Research and

Development (R&D)

Contracts

Training Programs
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Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

73

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* Includes Research Career Programs.

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Percent of Extramural Funds

0

20

40

60

80

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

Investigator-Initiated

Grants*

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)

Percent of Extramural Funds

0

20

40

60

80

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)

Grants

R&D Contracts
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

74

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* Includes all R18s.

† Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs), and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.

‡ Numbers do not add to subtotal because line-items exclude NIH assessments.

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* Includes all R18s.

† Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs), and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.

‡ Numbers do not add to subtotal because line-items exclude NIH assessments.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* $ 654.8 $ 663.2 $ 669.7 $ 725.0 $ 815.5 $ 835.3 $ 930.5 $1,023.6 $1,188.6 $1,388.8 $1,521.4

Research Career Programs 23.0 23.1 25.1 25.7 28.9 28.9 36.1 46.3 53.0 57.5 63.5

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards 677.8 686.3 694.8 750.7 844.4 864.2 966.6 1,069.9 1,241.6 1,446.3 1,584.9

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 202.6 209.0 226.4 231.9 216.8 236.8 223.2 276.7 328.9 350.7 421.3

 Centers† 96.5 96.6 101.5 107.0 87.5 87.7 114.4 119.9 123.8 127.2 128.2

R&D Contracts (RFP) 107.7 117.5 118.3 125.9 116.7 121.9 116.7 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated 

Awards 310.3 326.5 344.7 357.8 333.5 358.7 339.9 473.9 530.2 570.8 679.6

Training

Individual Awards 6.3 6.2 7.2 7.1 7.3 6.8 7.6 9.2 8.9 8.9 9.5

Institutional Awards 39.9 37.2 40.0 40.0 40.2 42.0 42.0 50.3 55.2 63.4 69.7

Subtotal, Training‡ 46.7 44.3 48.2 48.0 48.5 49.8 50.6 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2

Total, Extramural $1,034.8 $1,057.1 $1,087.7 $1,156.5 $1,226.4 $1,272.7 $1,357.1 $1,604.6 $1,837.2 $2,090.8 $2,343,7

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* 63.3% 62.7% 61.6% 62.7% 66.5% 65.6% 68.6% 63.8% 64.7% 66.4% 64.9%

Research Career Programs 

(K04, K06)

2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards

65.5 64.9 63.9 64.9 68.9 67.9 71.2 66.7 67.6 69.2 67.6

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 19.6 19.8 20.8 20.1 17.7 18.6 16.4 17.2 17.9 16.8 18.0

 Centers† 9.3 9.1 9.3 9.3 7.1 6.9 8.4 7.5 6.7 6.1 5.5

R&D Contracts (RFP) 10.4 11.1 10.9 10.9 9.5 9.6 8.6 12.3 11.0 10.5 11.0

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated Awards 30.0 30.9 31.7 30.9 27.2 28.2 25.0 29.5 28.9 27.3 29.0

Training

Individual Awards 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4

Institutional Awards 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0

Subtotal, Training‡ 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

75

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Research Grants* $ 783.9 $ 798.7 $ 849.7 $ 875.7 $ 918.7 $ 992.3 $1,075.4 $1,226.7 $1,446.7 $1,669.8 $1,878.0

Centers 96.5 96.6 101.5 107.0 106.7 108.7 114.4 119.9 123.8 127.2 128.2

R&D Contracts 107.7 117.5 118.3 125.9 120.9 121.9 116.7 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3

Research Training 46.7 44.3 48.2 48.0 48.5 49.8 50.6 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2

Total, Extramural $1,034.8 $1,057.1 $1,117.7 $1,156.6 $1,194.8 $1,272.7 $1,357.1 $1,604.6 $1,837.2 $2,090.8 $2,343.7

Dollars in Millions

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts 

Research Training
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

76

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Research Grants* 75.8% 75.6% 76.0% 75.7% 76.9% 78.0% 79.2% 76.4% 78.7% 79.9% 80.1%

Centers 9.3 9.1 9.1 9.3 8.9 8.5 8.4 7.5 6.7 6.1 5.5

R&D Contracts 10.4 11.1 10.6 10.9 10.1 9.6 8.6 12.3 11.0 10.5 11.0

Research Training 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Percent of Extramural Funds

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding

Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts 

Research Training
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

77

NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2002

NHLBI Total Research 

Grants by Category

Number of 

Grants

Total Cost 

(Dollars in 

Thousands)

Percent of Total 

NHLBI Research 

Grant Dollars

Research Project Grants (RPGs)

Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs)

Regular Research Grants (R01) 3,462 $1,165,689 58.10%

Small Research Grants (R03) 12 857 0.04

Program Project Grants (P01) 180 308,622 15.38

Cooperative Agreements (U01) 243 194,313 9.69

Area Grants (R15) 13 1,781 0.09

Explorative Developmental Grant (R21) 50 10,841 0.54

Transition Award (R29) 23 2,555 0.13

Method to Extend Research in Time (R37) 88 32,641 1.63

Exploratory/Developmental Grants Phase II (R33) 4 1,433 0.07

Subtotal, Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs) 4,075 1,718,732 85.67

Small Business Research Project Grants

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase I) (R41) 8 1,306 0.07

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase II) (R42) 7 2,199 0.11

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase I) (R43) 81 10,229 0.51

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase II) (R44) 105 47,107 2.35

Subtotal, Small Business Research Project Grants 201 60,841 3.03

Subtotal, Research Project Grants 4,276 1,779,573 88.70

Research Center Grants 

Exploratory Grants (P20) 2 1,513 0.08

Centers for AIDS Research (P30) — 2,538 0.13

Animal Model and Animal and Biological Material Resource Grants (P40) — 125 0.01

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) (P50) 64 106,777 5.32

Sickle Cell Centers (P60) 10 17,208 0.86

Subtotal, Research Center Grants 76 128,161 6.39

Research Career Programs 

Mentored Research Development Award for Minority Faculty (K01) 54 5,711 0.28

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Award (K01) 2 1,703 0.08

Independent Scientist Award (K02) 33 3,130 0.16

Research Career Award (K06) 2 69 0.00

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) 19 2,906 0.14

Sleep Academic Award (K07) 8 722 0.04

Clinical Investigator Scientist Award (K08) 236 29,295 1.46

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23) 90 11,909 0.59

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24) 37 4,058 0.20

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (K25) 7 921 0.05

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (K30) 55 3,090 0.15

Subtotal, Research Career Programs 543 63,514 3.17

Other Research Grants

Cooperative Clinical Research (U10, R10) 26 14,048 0.70

Minority Biomedical Research Support (S06, S14, R25) — 3,480 0.17

Biomedical Research Support (S07) — 3,452 0.17

Other (R09, R13, R18, R24, R25, T15, U09, U24, UH1) 48 13,966 0.70

Subtotal, Other Research Grants 74 34,946 1.74

Total, NHLBI Research Grants 4,969 $2,006,194 100%

9. Research Grants

Research 

Project Grants

88.7%

Research 

Centers 

Grants

6.4%

Research 

Career 

Programs

3.2%

Other Research 

Grants

1.7%
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

78

NHLBI Research Project Grant,* Research Centers Grant, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1992–2002

NHLBI Research Project Grant,* Research Centers Grant, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R29, R37, R43, and R44; R03 and R41 beginning in 1994; R55 beginning in 1995; R15 and R42 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; 

and R33 beginning in 2001.

† Includes Research Career Programs; excludes General Research Support Grants.

‡ Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessment of $4,435,000.

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Research 

Project 

Grants*

$736,232 $752,978 $797,092 $819,674 $862,027‡ $935,322 $1,009,152 $1,142,473 $1,356,034 $1,580,751 $1,779,573

Research 

Centers 

Grants

96,510 96,628 101,535 106,980 106,688 108,665 114,397 119,889 123,803 127,232 128,161

Other 

Research 

Grants†

47,656 45,654 52,576 55,974 56,692 56,993 66,234 84,219 90,666 88,958 98,460

Total $880,398 $895,260 $951,203 $982,628 $163,380 $1,100,980 $1,189,783 $1,346,581 $1,570,503 $1,796,941 $2,006,194

Dollars in Millions

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

Research

Project Grants*

Research

Centers Grants

Other

Research Grants

Grants

†
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

79

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications*: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications*: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R29, and R37; R03 beginning in 1994; R55 beginning in 1995; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Applications Reviewed $658.4 $724.3 $715.0 $710.3 $699.2 $802.1 $687.1 $867.1 $809.8 $851.7 $1,221.7

Awarded 181.3 158.0 180.4 207.5 182.1 240.1 252.4 330.4 418.4 424.3 437.4

Dollars in Millions

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

Applications

Reviewed

Awarded
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

80

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications*: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Number Reviewed and Awarded

Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R29, and R37; R03 beginning in 1994; R55 beginning in 1995; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Applications Reviewed 2,580 3,072 2,801 2,744 2,605 2,771 2,657 2,704 2,893 2,895 3,064

RPGs Awarded 759 673 655 740 652 821 837 959 1,003 1,033 1,018

Success Rate (percent) 29.4 21.9 23.4 27.0 25.0 29.6 31.5 35.5 34.7 35.7 33.2

Number of Applications

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

Reviewed

Awarded

Percent

0

20

40

60

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

81

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R29, R37, R43, and R44; R03 and R41 beginning in 1994; R55 beginning in 1995; R15 and R42 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 

1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

† Includes Centers Grants and Cooperative Agreement RFAs. 

‡ Excludes Program Evaluation Assessment of $4,435,000.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Investigator-Initiated* $683.9 $692.8 $724.8 $750.7 $ 804.1 $ 867.9 $ 966.6 $1,069.9 $1,241.6 $1,446.2 $1,584.9

Institute-Initiated† 196.5 202.5 226.4 231.9 216.8 233 223.2 276.7 328.9 350.7 421.3

Total $880.4 $895.3 $951.2 $982.6 $1,020.9‡ $1,100.9 $1,189.8 $1,346.6 $1,570.5 $1,796.9 $2,006.2

Dollars in Millions

0

300

600

900

1,200

1,500

1,800

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

Investigator-Initiated

Research Grants*

Institute-Initiated

Research Grants†
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

82

NHLBI Research Project Grants*: Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R29, and R37; R03 beginning in 1994; R55 beginning in 1995; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

Facility and Administrative (F&A)* Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants†: 

Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* Previously called Indirect Cost.

† Includes R01, U01, P01, R29, and R37; R03 beginning in 1994; R55 beginning in 1995; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

‡ Excludes Program Evaluation Assessment of $1,216,000.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Competing

New Competing $ 88.5 $ 89.9 $ 99.7 $111.1 $ 90.5 $135.8 $147.5 $ 202.0 $ 266.4 $ 280.0 $ 291.2

Renewal Competing 101.2 79.1 79.6 94.5 90.4 104 103.9 127.2 152.0 143.9 143.9

Competing Supplements 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.9 1.2 0.3 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.4 2.3

Subtotal, Competing 190.2 169.6 180.4 207.5 182.1 240.1 252.4 330.4 419.3 424.3 437.4

Noncompeting

Subtotal, Noncompeting 546.0 583.4 599.9 588.4 649.9 662.4 721.3 770.6 889.3 1,101.5 1,281.3

Total, Competing and 

Noncompeting $736.2 $753.0 $780.3 $795.9 $832.0 $902.5 $973.7 $1,101.0 $1,308.6 $1,525.8 $1,718.7

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year Direct Cost F&A Cost† Total Cost

F&A Cost as a 

Percent of Direct Cost

1992 $ 503,076 $ 233,156 $ 736,232 46.3%

1993 516,022 236,956 752,978 45.9

1994 534,374 245,965 780,339 46.0

1995 543,502 252,423 795,925 46.4

1996 564,219 267,785 832,004 47.5

1997 611,576 290,915 902,491 47.6

1998 660,009 313,765 973,774 47.5

1999 764,198 336,756‡ 1,100,954 44.1

2000 891,244 417,312 1,308,556 46.8

2001 1,045,144 480,673 1,525,817 46.0

2002 1,182,408 536,324 1,718,732 45.4
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

83

NHLBI Research Project Grants*: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1992–2002

NHLBI Research Project Grants*: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R29, R37, R43, and R44; R03 and R41 beginning in 1994; R55 beginning in 1995, R15 and R42 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 

1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Noncompeting $261.7 $281.0 $294.8 $312.8 $317.5 $323.0 $322.6 $323.4 $346.6 $390.7 $418.8

Competing 251.4 252.0 275.5 280.4 279.3 292.5 301.6 344.5 418.0 410.8 409.1

Total $259.0 $273.9 $290.1 $303.7 $308.3 $314.2 $316.9 $329.4 $366.6 $396.1 $416.2

Dollars in Thousands

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

Noncompeting

Competing

Total
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

84

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10) Programs

Cooperative Agreements were instituted to support discrete, circumscribed projects in areas of an investigator’s specific 

interest and competency with substantial programmatic participation by the NHLBI during performance of the activity.

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2002

Total FY 2002 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise (ACTION) $ — $ 7,489,394 $ 7,489,394

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study (ACES) 6,412,683 1,254,228 7,666,911

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) Data 

Coordinating Center

50,906,906 1,455,489 52,362,395

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics 

(BARI 2D)

10,457,477 8,642,339 19,099,816

Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases 529,898 705,445 1,235,343

Ecologically Guided Bioprospecting in Panama 150,000 50,000 200,000

Family Blood Pressure Program 57,418,654 10,082,786 67,501,440

Genetics of Coronary and Aortic Calcification (GENCAC) 3,283,532 3,408,710 6,692,242

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaskan Natives (GOCADAN) 3,417,148 2,138,227 5,555,375

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies (GEMS) 7,523,751 2,713,306 10,237,057

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery 1,030,268 595,956 1,626,224

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial (HAT) — 3,566,730 3,566,730

Interaction of Genes and Environment in Shaping Risk Factors for Heart, 

Lung, Blood, and Sleep Disorders 

— 10,727,651 10,727,651

Multidisciplinary Study of Right Ventricular Dysplasia 1,703,278 1,642,067 3,345,345

Mutations in Developmental Pathways by N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea (ENU) 

Mutagenesis

400,000 200,000 600,000

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT) 12,574,250 1,724,200 14,298,450

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research Network 3,447,570 4,822,007 8,269,577

Pharmacogenetics Research Network 8,235,472 8,444,897 16,680,369

PREMIER: Lifestyle Interventions for Blood Pressure Control 12,179,443 1,505,073 13,684,516

Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy 23,398,893 13,698,117 37,097,010

Programs of Genomic Applications (PGAs) for Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases

73,676,170 36,690,489 110,366,659

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS) — 2,409,835 2,409,835

Strong Heart Study 33,066,388 5,788,919 38,855,307

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT) 8,443,157 1,412,018 9,855,175

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) — 5,709,397 5,709,397

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) 10,105,269 5,919,453 16,024,722

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) 1,502,322 1,506,497 3,008,819

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 329,862,529 144,303,230 474,165,759

Lung Diseases

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN) 40,562,000 5,862,537 46,424,537

Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities — 5,933,220 5,933,220

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network 14,491,554 6,004,651 20,496,205

Collaborative Program in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 12,411,885 3,811,393 16,223,278

Collaborative Studies on the Genetics of Asthma (CSGA) 32,846,231 27,349 32,873,580

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease 3,762,198 1,764,494 5,526,692

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease 3,289,375 1,839,151 5,128,526

Linkage Study in Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis 1,340,699 706,592 2,047,291

Lung Health Study—Long-Term Follow-up 7,271,408 926,580 8,197,988

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment 5,333,868 2,673,360 8,007,228

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis-II (PIOPED II) 5,856,834 3,171,660 9,028,494

Sarcoidosis Genetic Linkage Consortium 5,493,680 1,600,982 7,094,662

Scleroderma Lung Study 4,301,152 1,501,330 5,802,482

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 136,960,884 35,823,299 172,784,183
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

85

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 5,360,364 5,899,050 11,259,414

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell Anemia 489,103 525,048 1,014,151

Reference Laboratory to Evaluate Therapies for Sickle Cell Disease 433,180 494,568 927,748

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and Transplantation 1,221,933 1,223,754 2,445,687

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP II) 7,658,580 3,168,445 10,827,025

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network 4,410,593 2,269,299 6,679,892

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network — 6,052,717 6,052,717

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 19,573,753 19,632,881 39,206,634

National Center for Sleep Disorders Research

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study (APPLES) — 3,223,476 3,223,476

Determinants of Compensatory Sleep Phenotype in Mice 510,579 277,531 788,110

Sleep Heart Health Study 11,289,289 3,015,542 14,304,831

Subtotal, National Center for Sleep Disorders Research 11,799,868 6,516,549 18,316,417

Total, NHLBI Cooperative Agreements $498,197,034 $206,275,959 $704,472,993

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2002

Total FY 2002 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

86

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise 

(ACTION), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this trial is to determine the long-term 

safety and effectiveness of exercise training for patients 

with CHF. Patients receiving the exercise regimen also 

will receive standard care and will be compared with 

patients receiving standard care alone. The secondary 

objective is to determine the incidence and significance 

of exercise-related complications, the effect of training 

on exercise tolerance and quality of life, and the costeffectiveness of training. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$7,489,394

Total Funding to Date—$7,489,394

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-63747

2. Case Western Reserve University

Henry Ford Health System 

Detroit, Michigan —HL-64250

3. Oregon Health & Science University

Portland, Oregon —HL-64257

4. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-64264

5. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-64265

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-66461

7. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-66482

8. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-66491

9. Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio —HL-66494

10. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-66497

11. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-66501

12. Boston Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-68973

13. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-68990

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study 

(ACES), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1998

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

treatment with the antibiotic, azithromycin, for 1 year 

will reduce the rate of nonfatal MI and CHD deaths over 

3 1⁄2 years in patients with documented coronary artery 

disease and serologic evidence of past infection with 

Chlamydia pneumoniae.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,254,228

Fiscal Years 1998–2001—$6,412,683

Total Funding to Date—$7,666,911

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-58706

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation (BARI) Data Coordinating Center, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1987

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials. 

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this trial is to compare alternative treatment strategies for managing Type 2 diabetic patients with 

angiographically proven coronary artery disease and stable angina or ischemia. Revascularization combined with 

aggressive medical anti-ischemia treatment will be compared to aggressive medical anti-ischemia treatment alone; 

simultaneously, researchers will determine whether 

insulin-sensitizing drugs like metformin and the glitazones 

for controlling blood sugar levels offer any survival 

advantage over drugs that increase insulin levels. Twenty 

percent of the patients are from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2002—$8,642,339

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$10,457,477

Total Funding to Date—$19,099,816
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

87

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-61744

2. St. Louis University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-61746

3. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-61748

4. University of Vermont

Burlington, Vermont —HL-63804

Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this Center is to provide expertise, 

sources, and resources to NHLBI-supported investigators who wish to evaluate viral and nonviral gene transfer strategies in nonhuman primates.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$705,445

Fiscal Year 2001—$529,898

Total Funding to Date—$1,235,343

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —HL-69748

Ecologically Guided Bioprospecting in Panama, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The objective of this study is to promote conservation 

and sustainable bioprospecting in Panama via ecological 

research and to discover new products for medicine and 

agriculture.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$50,000

Fiscal Years 1999–2001—$150,000

Total Funding to Date—$200,000

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Smithsonian Institution

Washington, DC —TW-01021

Family Blood Pressure Program, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1995

The objectives of this program are to identify major 

genes associated with high blood pressure and to investigate the interactions between genetic and environmental 

determinants of hypertension in defined populations, 

many of which consist of specific minority groups. The 

study consists of collaborative networks that share technology, data, skills, biological materials, and population 

resources.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$10,082,786

Fiscal Years 1995–2001—$57,418,654

Total Funding to Date—$67,501,440

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-54457

2. University of Mississippi 

Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HL-54463

3. Mayo Foundation

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-54464

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-54466

5. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-54471

6. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-54472

7. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-54473

8. University of Texas

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-54481

9. Loyola University Medical Center

Maywood, Illinois —HL-54485

10. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-54495

11. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-54496

12. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-54497

13. Staub Pacific Health Foundation

Health Research Institute

Honolulu, Hawaii —HL-54498

14. University of Texas

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-54504
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

88

15. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-54508

16. University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-54509

17. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-54512

18. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-54526

19. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-54527

20. University of California, San Diego

San Diego, California —HL-64777

Genetics of Coronary and Aortic Calcification 

(GENCAC), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this program is to examine vascular 

calcification and inflammation in patients who have previously been examined and extensively genotyped by the 

NHLBI Family Heart Study, in order to identify genetic 

factors influencing susceptibility to coronary and aortic 

atherosclerosis and individual variability in the inflammatory response. The study includes approximately 600 

blacks (275 sibships).

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$3,408,710

Fiscal Year 2001—$3,283,532

Total Funding to Date—$6,692,242

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-67893

2. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-67894

3. Wake Forest University

Winston Salem, North Carolina —HL-67895

4. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-67896

5. Wake Forest University

Winston Salem, North Carolina —HL-67897

6. University of Alabama

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-67898 

7. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-67899

8. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-67900 

9. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-67901

10. University of Texas 

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-67902

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaskan 

Natives (GOCADAN), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2000

The purpose of this study is to document CVD and 

CVD risk factors in approximately 40 extended families 

(1,200 members from villages in Northern Alaska). Scientists seek to identify and characterize genes that contribute to CVD in this unique and understudied 

population.

Obligations

Funding History

Fiscal Year 2002—$2,138,227

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$3,417,148

Total Funding to Date—$5,555,375

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. MedStar Research Institute 

Washington, DC —HL-64244

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies 

(GEMS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine which 

hematocrit level—30 versus 20 percent—provides the 

optimal degree of hemodilution during infant open heart 

surgery to repair congenital heart defects. Scientists will 

compare the effects of the two hematocrit levels with 

respect to cardiovascular and neurodevelopmental outcomes in the infants during the immediate postoperative 

period and at 1 year of age.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$595,956

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$1,030,268

Total Funding to Date—$1,626,224

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital, Boston

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-63411
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

89

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial 

(HAT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this trial is to compare standard 

response (call 911 and give cardiopulmonary resuscitation) to sudden cardiac arrest to standard response 

augmented with automatic external defibrillator use provided by spouses or other family members in 7,000 survivors of an anterior wall MI. The primary end-point is 

total mortality. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$3,566,730

Total Funding to Date—$3,566,730

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Seattle Institute for Cardiac Research 

Seattle, Washington —HL-67972

Interaction of Genes and Environment in 

Shaping Risk Factors for Heart, Lung, Blood, 

and Sleep Disorders, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2002

The purpose of this study is to identify novel genes 

that interact with specific environmental exposures to 

modify risk factors for heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders. The genetic aspects of response to environmental 

change, and related biological mechanisms, will be studied using short-term, focused interventions in families. 

Subgroups will be identified based on genotype who are 

most likely to benefit from targeted environmental 

changes designed to reduce the development or progression of heart, lung, blood, or sleep diseases. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$10,727,651

Total Funding to Date—$10,727,651

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Tulane University 

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-72507

2. LSU Pennington Biomedical 

Research Center 

Baton Rouge, Louisiana —HL-72510

3. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-72525

4. The Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-72518

5. University of Minnesota 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-72524

Multidisciplinary Study of Right Ventricular 

Dysplasia, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this multidisciplinary, multicenter 

study is to investigate the cardiac, clinical, and genetic 

aspects of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 

(ARVD). A North American ARVD registry of patients 

and their families will be established. Researchers seek 

to identify chromosomal loci and specific genetic mutations associated with this disorder.

Obligations 

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,642,067

Fiscal Year 2001—$1,703,278

Total Funding to Date—$3,345,345

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-65594

2. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HL-65652

3. University of Rochester

Rochester, New York —HL-65961

Mutations in Developmental Pathways by 

N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea (ENU) Mutagenesis, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this project is to establish a mouse 

mutagenesis center to isolate ENU-induced mutations 

that disrupt developmental pathways. Investigators will 

screen and characterize lethal mutants that disrupt cardiac and central nervous system/axial development.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$200,000

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$400,000

Total Funding to Date—$600,000

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HD-39372
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

90

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1999

The objective of this study is to determine whether 

percutaneous revascularization to open an occluded 

artery within a few days or as long as a month following 

an acute MI in asymptomatic patients improves their outcome. While the benefits of early restoration of blood 

flow following an acute MI have been well established, it 

is not known whether later intervention is also beneficial.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,724,200

Fiscal Years 1999–2001—$12,574,250

Total Funding to Date—$14,298,450

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-62257

2. St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Institute

for Health Science

New York, New York —HL-62509

3. Maryland Medical Research Institute

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-62511

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to establish a network to 

systematically evaluate candidate genes that may influence pharmacologic response to drug treatments for 

arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, and lipid disorders. Investigators seek to identify gene polymorphisms 

capable of predicting drug toxicity and efficacy. One of 

the projects has 50-percent minority participation.

Obligations 

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$8,444,897

Fiscal Year 2001—$8,235,472

Total Funding to Date—$16,680,369

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of California

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-69757

2. University of California, San Diego

San Diego, California —HL-69758

PREMIER: Lifestyle Interventions for Blood 

Pressure Control, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1998

The objective of this study is to evaluate two multicomponent lifestyle interventions to control blood pressure in a patient population consisting of a high 

percentage of blacks. Participants with either Stage 1 

hypertension or high normal blood pressure are assigned 

to usual care, a comprehensive intervention (reduced salt 

intake, increased physical activity, moderation of alcohol 

intake, and weight loss), or the comprehensive intervention plus the “DASH” diet (enhanced fruit and vegetable 

intake, enhanced use of low-fat dairy products, and 

reductions in saturated fats, total fats, and cholesterol).

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,505,073

Fiscal Years 1998–2001—$12,179,443

Total Funding to Date—$13,684,516

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-60570

2. LSU Pennington Biomedical 

Research Center

Baton Rouge, Louisiana —HL-60571

3. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —HL-60573

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-60574

5. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals

Oakland, California —HL-62828

Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of these programs is to create an environment that will enable rapid translation of preclinical 

studies in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic 

diseases into human pilot experiments. In addition, the 

programs are offering training at the interface between 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

91

basic science and clinical application. Six national cores 

provide access to specialized services, such as generating 

vectors for clinical use, performing morphologically based 

studies, producing and processing hematopoietic stem 

cells, and performing primate transplantation studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$13,698,117

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$23,398,893

Total Funding to Date—$37,097,010

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-66947

2. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-66948

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-66949

4. Weill Medical College

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-66952

5. Weill Medical College

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-67738

Programs of Genomic Applications (PGAs) for 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2000

The goal of this program is to develop information, 

tools, and resources to link genes to biological function. 

Specifically, researchers will identify the human genes 

relevant to heart, lung, blood, and sleep functions. In 

addition, the PGAs will establish training programs for 

NHLBI-supported investigators in the use of genomic 

information and technologies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$36,690,489

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$73,676,170

Total Funding to Date—$110,366,659

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-66579

2. Institute for Genomic Research

Rockville, Maryland —HL-66580

3. Harvard University School of Medicine

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-66582

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-66583

5. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-66588

6. University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, California —HL-66590

7. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-66600

8. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-66604

9. Jackson Laboratory

Bar Harbor, Maine —HL-66611

10. The George Washington University

Washington, DC —HL-66613

11. Children’s Research Institute

Washington, DC —HL-66614

12. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-66615

13. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-66617

14. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-66618

15. Institute for Genomic Research

Rockville, Maryland —HL-66619

16. Jackson Laboratory

Bar Harbor, Maine —HL-66620

17. J. David Gladstone Institutes

San Francisco, California —HL-66621

18. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-66623

19. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-66642

20. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-66678

21. University of California

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-66681

22. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-66682

23. University of California

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-66691

24. University of California

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-66713

25. University of California

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-66727

26. University of California

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-66728
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27. University of California

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-66729

28. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-66735

29. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-66795

30. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-66796

31. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-66800

32. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-66801

33. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-66803

34. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-66804

35. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-66805

36. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-66806

37. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-66880

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study 

(SANDS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this study is to compare a treatment of 

aggressively lowering LDL cholesterol (goal less than or 

equal to 75 mg/dL) and blood pressure (goal less than or 

equal to 115/75 mmHg) to usual standard care in a population of diabetic American Indians with CVD, but who 

have relatively low levels of LDL cholesterol and blood 

pressure. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$2,409,835

Total Funding to Date—$2,409,835

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. MedStar Research Institute

Washington, DC —HL-67031

Strong Heart Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1988

The objectives of this study are to survey CVD morbidity and mortality rates among three geographically 

diverse groups of American Indians and to estimate their 

levels of CVD risk factors. Phases II and III of the 

cohort study extended surveillance of community mortality and assessed development of CVD and changes in 

CVD risk factors. In Phase III, investigators added a 

substudy of asthma and a pilot family study. The purpose of Phase IV is to enlarge the family study to 120 

families comprising 3,600 members to investigate 

genetic and environmental contributors of CVD.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2002—$5,788,919

Fiscal Years 1988–2001—$33,066,388

Total Funding to Date—$38,855,307

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. MedStar Research Institute

Washington, DC —HL-41642

2. Missouri Breaks Research, Inc.

Timberlake, South Dakota —HL-41652

3. University of Oklahoma

Health Sciences Center

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-41654

4. Southwest Foundation for

Biomedical Research

San Antonio, Texas —HL-65520

5. Weill Medical College of

Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-65521

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial 

(SCD-HeFT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1997

The purpose of this study is to determine whether survival among heart failure patients is improved by the 

treatment with amiodarone or implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator compared to conventional therapy.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,412,018

Fiscal Years 1997–2001—$8,443,157

Total Funding to Date—$9,855,175

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-55297

2. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-55496

3. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-55766
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Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The objectives of this multicenter, international, randomized trial are twofold: (1) to determine whether coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) plus intensive 

medical therapy compared to medical therapy alone 

improves long-term survival in patients with heart failure 

and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction who have coronary 

artery disease amenable to surgical revascularization; 

and (2) to determine whether CABG plus surgical ventricular restoration to a more normal LV size compared 

to CABG alone improves survival free of subsequent 

hospitalization in patients with anterior LV dysfunction.

Obligations:

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$5,709,397

Total Funding to Date—$5,709,397

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Jefferson Medical College 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-69009

2. Mayo Clinic 

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-69010

3. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-69011

4. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-69012

5. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-69013

6. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-69015

7. University of Southern California 

Los Angeles, California —HL-72683

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to extend the follow-up of 

WISE patients to determine the incremental long-term 

prognostic value of novel testing developed in WISE, 

develop sex-specific incremental outcome models to 

evaluate the prognostic value of female reproductive 

variables, and to maintain a WISE database and infrastructure to facilitate further investigations into the 

mechanisms underlying ischemic syndromes in women.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,506,497

Fiscal Year 2001—$1,502,322

Total Funding to Date—$3,008,819

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-64829

2. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-64914

3. University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida —HL-64924

Lung Diseases

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1993

The objective of this study is to establish a network of 

interactive asthma clinical research groups to rapidly 

assess novel treatment methods and to ensure that findings on optimal management of asthmatic patients are 

rapidly disseminated to practitioners and health care professionals. The minority patient population will be 

approximately 33 percent for each protocol.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$5,862,537

Fiscal Years 1993–2001—$40,562,000

Total Funding to Date—$46,424,537

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Jefferson Medical College

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-51810

2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-51823

3. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-51831

4. National Jewish Center for Immunology

and Respiratory Medicine

Denver, Colorado —HL-51834

5. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-51843

6. Pennsylvania State University

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-51845

7. Columbia University

New York, New York —HL-56443
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Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this study is to establish cooperative 

centers of research to reduce asthma disparities between 

whites and minorities and economically disadvantaged 

populations. The mission of the centers, comprising 

partnerships between minority servicing medical institutions and research-intensive institutions, is to promote 

interdisciplinary investigation of factors that contribute 

to disparities in asthma, accelerate development and 

evaluation of strategies to promote effective asthma 

management among minority and economically disadvantaged populations, encourage training and career 

development for minority clinical research investigators, 

and improve the effectiveness of NHLBI-supported 

research-intensive institutions in developing and sustaining culturally appropriate research and demonstration 

activities on reducing disparities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$5,933,220

Total Funding to Date—$5,933,220

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Meharry Medical College 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-72431

2. Howard University 

Washington, DC —HL-72433

3. Rhode Island Hospital 

Providence, Rhode Island —HL-72438

4. The Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-72455

5. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-72471

6. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-72478

7. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-72494

8. Center for Community Health Education, 

Research, and Service 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-72495

9. Hektoen Institute for Medical Research 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-72496

10. University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences 

San Juan, Puerto Rico —HL-72519

Childhood Asthma Research and Education 

(CARE) Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Collaborative Program in Bronchopulmonary 

Dysplasia, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The objectives of this program are to support a multiinstitutional collaborative research effort—by providing 

a well-defined model of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia to investigators—and to study mechanisms of lung pathobiology that underlie development of 

chronic lung disease of prematurity.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2002—$3,811,393

Fiscal Years 1999–2001—$12,411,885

Total Funding to Date—$16,223,278

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Southwest Foundation for

Biomedical Research

San Antonio, Texas —HL-52636

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-52638

3. University of Texas, Southwestern

Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-52647

4. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-56061

5. National Jewish Medical and

Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-56263

6. Barnes Jewish Hospital

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-63387

7. National Jewish Medical and

Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-63397

8. University of Texas

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-63399

9. University of Rochester

Rochester, New York —HL-63400

Collaborative Studies on the Genetics of Asthma 

(CSGA), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1992

The CSGA is a study to identify genes associated with 

asthma and to elucidate their functional role in development of the disease. The initial genome screen has been 

completed on 237 sibling pairs from three racial/ethnic 

groups (blacks, whites, and Hispanics).

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2002—$27,349

Fiscal Years 1992–2001—$32,846,231

Total Funding to Date—$32,873,580
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Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois —HL-49596

2. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-49602

3. University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-49609

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-49612

5. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-58977

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Prevention of 

Chronic Lung Disease, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2000

The objective of this clinical trial is to determine 

whether low-dose inhaled nitric oxide (NO), administered within the first 48 hours of life to premature newborns (weighing between 500 and 1250 grams) with 

respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, will 

prevent development of chronic lung disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,764,494

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$3,762,198

Total Funding to Date—$5,526,692

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. The Children’s Hospital

University of Colorado

Denver, Colorado —HL-64857

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic 

Lung Disease, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this clinical trial is to determine 

whether low-dose inhaled NO, administered to preterm 

infants (weighing between 500 and 1250 grams) who 

continue to require mechanical ventilation at 14 days of 

age, will reduce the incidence of chronic lung disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,839,151

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$3,289,375

Total Funding to Date—$5,128,526

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-62514

Linkage Study in Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify a group of 

genetic loci that may subsequently prove to contain 

novel genes involved in the development of familial pulmonary fibrosis. Investigators will use standard genetic 

methodology (linkage analysis) to determine the distribution of polymorphisms for genetic markers in families 

with familial pulmonary fibrosis.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$706,592

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$1,340,699

Total Funding to Date—$2,047,291

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-67467

Lung Health Study—Long-Term Follow-up, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1998

The purpose of this study is to perform a long-term 

follow-up to former Lung Health Study participants to 

assess the incidence of morbidity and mortality from respiratory diseases, CVD, and other causes.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2002—$926,580

Fiscal Years 1998–2001—$7,271,408

Total Funding to Date—$8,197,988

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-59274

2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-59275

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-59276

4. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-59277

5. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-59290

6. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-59291

7. University of Manitoba

Winnipeg, Canada —HL-59292

8. University of California

Los Angeles, California —HL-59293
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9. Mayo Foundation

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-59294

10. Oregon Health Sciences University

Portland, Oregon —HL-59320

11. Case Western Reserve University

Detroit, Michigan —HL-59739

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this project is to bring together 

research experts in asthma, epidemiology, statistics, bioinformatics, physiology, clinical trials, genetics, and 

genomics to focus on the pharmacogenetics of asthma 

treatment.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$2,673,360

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$5,333,868

Total Funding to Date—$8,007,228

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-65899

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis-II (PIOPED II), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this multicenter collaborative study is 

to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and 

negative predictive values of spiral computed tomography for diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism; 30 percent of the patients are expected to be from minority 

populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$3,171,660

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$5,856,834

Total Funding to Date—$9,028,494

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-63899

2. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-63928

3. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-63931

4. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-63932

5. University of Calgary

Calgary, Alberta —HL-63940

6. Henry Ford Health Sciences Center

Detroit, Michigan —HL-63941

7. The George Washington University

Washington, DC —HL-63942

8. Weill Medical College of

Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-63981

9. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-63982

10. St. Joseph Mercy-Oakland

Pontiac, Michigan —HL-67453

Sarcoidosis Genetic Linkage Consortium, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this multicenter study is to identify 

sarcoidosis susceptibility genes and determine how these 

genes and environmental risk factors interact to cause 

sarcoidosis.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,600,982

Fiscal Years 1999–2001—$5,493,680

Total Funding to Date—$7,094,662

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Case Western Reserve University,

Henry Ford Health Sciences Center

Detroit, Michigan —HL-60263

Scleroderma Lung Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1999

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cyclophosphamide versus placebo for the prevention and progression 

of symptomatic pulmonary disease in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,501,330

Fiscal Years 1999–2001—$4,301,152

Total Funding to Date—$5,802,482

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Medicine

and Dentistry of New Jersey

Piscataway, New Jersey —HL-60550

2. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-60587
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3. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-60597

4. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-60606

5. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-60682

6. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-60748

7. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HL-60750

8. Georgetown University

Washington, DC —HL-60794

9. University of Texas

Houston, Texas —HL-60839

10. University of Illinois

Chicago, Illinois —HL-60895

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell 

Anemia, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate a transplant 

procedure for SCD that significantly reduces the toxicity 

of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation while 

retaining its therapeutic benefit. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$525,048

Fiscal Year 2001—$489,103

Total Funding to Date—$1,014,151

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital Oakland

Oakland, California —HL-68091

Reference Laboratory to Evaluate Therapies for 

Sickle Cell Disease, Initiated Fiscal Year 1997

The purpose of this study is to establish a reference 

laboratory that will evaluate potentially useful compounds for the treatment of SCD.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$494,568

Fiscal Year 2001*—$433,180

Total Funding to Date—$927,748

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-58930

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and 

Transplantation, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to establish a cord blood 

bank for collecting sibling donor cord blood in families 

that currently have a child with sickle cell anemia or 

thalassemia with the intent of future transplantation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,223,754

Fiscal Year 2001—$1,221,933

Total Funding to Date—$2,445,687

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital Oakland

Oakland, California —HL-61877

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP 

II), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this study is to optimize, in high-risk 

patients with sickle cell anemia, the primary prevention 

strategy proven effective in STOP. Ninety-eight percent 

of the patients are expected to come from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$3,168,445

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$7,658,580

Total Funding to Date—$10,827,025

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New England Research Institutes, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-52016

2. Medical College of Georgia

Augusta, Georgia —HL-52193

* Became U01 in 2001.
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Thalassemia (Cooley's Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy 

Study (APPLES), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 

therapy to provide significant, stable, and long-term 

neurocognitive or other benefits to patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Investigators will identify specific neurocognitive deficits associated with OSA and 

determine which ones are reversible and most sensitive 

to the effects of CPAP therapy.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2002—$3,223,476

Total Funding to Date—$3,223,476

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-68060

Determinants of Compensatory Sleep Phenotype 

in Mice, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The goal of this study is to increase understanding of 

dopaminergic stimulant interactions with sleep homeostasis, compensatory sleep response mechanisms, and 

genetic determinants of phenotypic variation in sleep 

homeostasis.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$277,531

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$510,579

Total Funding to Date—$788,110

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-64243

Sleep Heart Health Study, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1999

The purpose of this multicenter observational study is 

to determine the degree to which sleep apnea is an independent or contributing risk factor for the development 

of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2002—$3,015,542

Fiscal Years 1999–2001—$11,289,289

Total Funding to Date—$14,304,831

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —HL-53916

2. New York University Medical Center

New York, New York —HL-53931

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-53934

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-53937

5. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-53938

6. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-53941

7. Missouri Breaks Research, Inc.

Timberlake, South Dakota —HL63429

8. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL63463

9. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL64360
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NHLBI Research Centers (P50, P60, P30) Programs

Specialized Centers of Research (P50) Program

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) were instituted to advance basic knowledge and to generate the most effective techniques and methods of clinical management and prevention in the areas of arteriosclerosis, hypertension, pulmonary diseases, and thrombosis. Currently, the SCOR Program focuses on 16 active areas of heart, blood vessel, 

lung, blood, and sleep research.

Obligations (Dollars in Thousands)

Area of Concentration

Period of 

Operation

Prior to 

FY 2002 FY 2002

Total to 

Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Gene Transfer Principles for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases 1997– $ 26,428 $ 879 $ 27,307

Ischemic Heart Disease in Blacks 1995– 18,288 3,028 21,316

Ischemic Heart Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, Heart Failure 1995– 98,277 15,492 113,769

Molecular Genetics of Hypertension 1996– 53,836 9,139 62,975

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis 1997– 35,586 7,986 43,572

Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases 1993– 36,894 7,221 44,115

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 269,309 43,745 313,054

Lung Diseases Program

Acute Lung Injury 1994– 65,354 9,932 75,286

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis 1988– 46,262 5,559 51,821

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma 1996– 56,958 15,043 72,001

Pathobiology of Fibrotic Lung Disease 1997– 23,564 4,997 28,561

Pathobiology of Lung Development 1996– 40,978 7,067 48,045

Subtotal, Lung Diseases Program 233,116 42,598 275,714

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology 1995– 28,981 5,452 34,433

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders 1971– 148,191 7,030 155,221

Transfusion Biology and Medicine 1985– 52,464 3,011 55,475

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources Program 229,636 15,493 245,129

National Center for Sleep Disorders Research

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea 1998– 17,879 4,941 22,820

Subtotal, National Center for Sleep Disorders Research 17,879 4,941 22,820

Total, Specialized Centers of Research (P50) $749,940 $106,777 $856,717
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

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Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Gene Transfer Principles for Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Diseases

The purpose of this SCOR is to provide the basic science foundation necessary for gene transfer technology 

and its application to somatic gene transfer.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$879,414

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HL-59314

Ischemic Heart Disease in Blacks

The purpose of this SCOR is to promote interdisciplinary study of issues surrounding ischemic heart disease 

in blacks. Investigators are using a combination of 

approaches, including molecular, cellular, and genetic 

studies; animal experiments; and human studies to 

advance knowledge in this area.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$3,027,522

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Boston University 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-55993

2. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-65203

Ischemic Heart Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, 

Heart Failure

 The purpose of this SCOR is to encourage creative, 

interdisciplinary approaches to elucidation of the etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels and the translation of 

research findings into improved diagnosis, treatment, 

and prevention. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$15,491,649

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. The Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-52307

2. University of Cincinnati 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-52318

3. University of California 

Los Angeles, California —HL-52319

4. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-52320

5. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-52338

6. University of California 

San Diego, California —HL-53773

7. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HL-54313

8. New England Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-63494

9. Harvard University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-63609

Molecular Genetics of Hypertension

The goals of five SCOR projects are to study the 

molecular genetics of hypertension, to provide understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of hypertension, and to apply new knowledge for the improved 

diagnosis and management of the disease.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$9,139,696

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-54998

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-55000

3. Boston University Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-55001

4. University of Iowa Hospitals

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-55006

5. Yale University School of Medicine

New Haven, Connecticut —HL-55007

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis

The goal of this SCOR is to advance understanding of 

the etiology and pathobiology of the atherosclerotic 

lesion at the molecular level through modern methods 

and approaches of molecular medicine. Some of the subprojects have a large minority patient population.
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

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101

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$7,985,891

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Columbia University

New York, New York —HL-56984

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-56985

3. University of California 

San Diego, California —HL-56989

4. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-70128

Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases

The purpose of this SCOR is to apply innovative 

approaches to elucidate the etiology and pathophysiology of pediatric CVD. Research findings will be translated into improved diagnosis, treatment, and prevention 

of CVD in children.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$7,220,750

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-61006

2. University of Texas, 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-61033

3. Harvard University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-61036

4. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-62177

5. University of Iowa 

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-62178

Lung Diseases Program

Acute Lung Injury

The objective of this SCOR is to examine biochemical, immunological, and physiological mechanisms associated with acute lung injury and repair to improve the 

diagnosis, management, and prevention of ARDS.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$9,932,056

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-23584

2. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HL-30542

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-50152

4. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-50153

5. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-60289

6. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-60290

7. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-60316

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic 

Fibrosis

The goals of this SCOR are to investigate the basic 

mechanisms underlying cystic fibrosis, develop new 

hypotheses, and apply innovative strategies for 

approaching clinical and fundamental issues.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$5,559,099

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of North Carolina 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-60280

2. University of California 

San Francisco, California —HL-60288

3. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-60293

4. University of Iowa 

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-61234

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma

The objective of this SCOR program is to apply critical science and technology to increase understanding of 

cellular and molecular mechanisms of asthma, including 

those mechanisms underlying the biological impact of 

environmental factors.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$15,042,935

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HL-56384
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102

2. University of California

San Francisco, California —HL-56385

3. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-56396

4. University of Chicago 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-56399

5. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-56419

6. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-67663

7. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-67664

8. University of Arizona 

Tucson, Arizona —HL-67672

9. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HL-67674

Pathobiology of Fibrotic Lung Disease

The purpose of this SCOR is to study cellular and 

molecular mechanisms involved in transition from 

inflammatory events associated with early fibrotic disease to later processes involving wound healing, repair, 

and fibrosis.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$4,996,473

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-56402

2. National Jewish Medical & Research 

Center for Immunology and 

Respiratory Diseases

Denver, Colorado —HL-56556

3. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —HL-67665

Pathobiology of Lung Development

The objective of this program is to foster multidisciplinary research enabling basic science findings to be 

more rapidly applied to clinical problems related to lung 

development. The program focuses on identification of 

the molecular variables involved in lung development 

and assessment of the impact of injury during critical 

periods.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$7,066,813

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital Medical Center 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-56387

2. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-56401

3. University of Colorado Health 

Science Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-57144

4. Children’s Hospital of Boston 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-67669

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology

The goal of this SCOR is to advance knowledge of 

basic stem cell biology in areas of stem cell isolation, 

quantitation by in vivo assay, in vitro and in vivo growth 

and replication, gene insertion, and engraftment.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$5,452,150

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Dana Farber Cancer Institute 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-54785

2. Children’s Hospital 

Los Angeles, California —HL-54850

3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-54881

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders

The purpose of this SCOR is to investigate pathogenic 

mechanisms involved in human thrombotic disease and 

to develop improved methods for its diagnosis and treatment. One of the studies has a large minority patient 

population.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$7,030,437

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Mt. Sinai School of Medicine

New York, New York —HL-54469

2. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-54500

3. University of Oklahoma 

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-54502

4. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HL-65967
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

103

Transfusion Biology and Medicine

This SCOR has been established to foster new 

approaches for improving the availability, efficacy, 

safety, and quality of blood and blood products for 

therapeutic uses. One of the centers has a large minority 

population.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$3,011,348

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New York Blood Center 

New York, New York —HL-54459

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-54476

National Center for Sleep Disorders 

Research

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea

The objective of this SCOR is to integrate molecular, 

cellular, and genetic approaches to sleep control with 

clinical investigations on the etiology and pathogenesis 

of sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$4,940,951

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-60287

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-60292

3. University of California

Los Angeles, California —HL-60296
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

104

Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers (P60) Program

The Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers (CSCC) were instituted in FY 1972 to bridge the gap between research and 

service by combining basic and clinical research, clinical trials and applications training, and community service 

projects into one program. The patients recruited for the clinical studies are primarily from minority populations.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$17,207,672

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Boston Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-15157

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-20985

3. College of Physicians and Surgeons 

of Columbia University 

New York, New York —HL-28381

4. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-38632

5. University of South Alabama 

Mobile, Alabama —HL-38639

6. Montefiore Medical Center 

New York, New York —HL-38655

7. University of Southern California 

Los Angeles, California —HL-48484

8. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-58418

9. Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-58421

10. Thomas Jefferson University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-62148

Centers for AIDS Research (P30) Program

The NHLBI, along with five other NIH Institutes, contributes to the support of six Centers for AIDS Research 

(CFAR) that were established to provide a multidisciplinary environment that promotes basic, clinical, behavioral, and 

translational research activities in the prevention, detection, and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Almost half of 

the patient population comes from minority groups.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2002—$2,538,133

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —AI-27757

2. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —AI-27767

3. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —AI-28697

4. University of California, San Diego

San Diego, California —AI-36214

5. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —AI-36219

6. Miriam Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island —AI-42853

7. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —CA-79458

8. New York University School 

of Medicine

New York, New York —AI-27742

9. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —AI-42851

10. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —AI-42855

11. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —AI-49366

12. University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —AI-50410

13. University of California, San Francisco 

Givi Center for AIDS Research

San Francisco, California —AI-27763

14. University of Massachusetts Medical School 

Worcester, Massachusetts —AI-42845

15. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —AI-50409
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

105

NHLBI Research and Development Contract Obligations*: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* For detailed data on contract-supported clinical trials, see Chapter 11.

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

A Includes Program Evaluation Assessment of $4,250,000.

B Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $8,986,000.

C Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $12,589,000.

D Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $14,904,000.

E Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $17,944,000.

F Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $24,579,000.

G Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $35,827,000.

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Heart $57,714 $66,717 $67,173 $70,178 $80,373 $84,820 $77,886 $93,270 $98,715 $125,291 $155,234

Lung 16,977 18,552 21,957 15,414 21,032 18,183 13,123 25,432 23,341 10,993 16,874

Blood 32,980 32,280 29,122 40,324 19,522 18,934 25,695 15,436 21,538 24,572 27,078

Sleep — — — — — — — — — — 104

Women’s 

Health 

Initiative

— — — — — — — 63,100 57,700 59,200 59,010

Total $107,671 $117,549 $118,252 $125,916 $120,927A $121,937B $116,704C $197,238D $201,294E $220,056F $258,300G

Dollars in Millions

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

Other R&D Contracts

Major ContractSupported Clinical

Trials*

10. Research and Development Contracts
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

106

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1985

The ARIC program is a large-scale, long-term program that is measuring associations of CHD risk factors 

with atherosclerosis by race, gender, and geographic 

location. It focuses on early detection of CVD before 

symptoms, heart attacks, or strokes occur. The project 

consists of two groups: a community surveillance component and a cohort component from four communities. 

Three of the cohort components represent the racial mix 

of their community, whereas the fourth is exclusively 

black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$2,080,000

Fiscal Years 1985–2001—$110,975,635

Total Funding to Date—$113,055,635

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55015

2. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HC-55016

3. University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55018

4. University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-55019

5. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-55020

6. Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-55021

7. University of Texas

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HC-55022

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1988

The CHS is a population-based, longitudinal study of 

risk factors for the development and progression of CHD 

and stroke in elderly adults. Specific objectives for this 

phase of the project include identifying risk association 

with clinical disease by accumulation of events; determining whether presence or progression of subclinical 

disease (abnormalities detected noninvasively without 

signs or symptoms) are better predictors of clinical disease than traditional risk factors; identifying determinants of change in subclinical disease; and identifying 

characteristics of subgroups at low risk for developing 

Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program*: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* Excludes clinical trials included in Chapter 11.

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2002

Total FY 2002 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) $110,975,635 $2,080,000 $113,055,635

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) 69,224,419 2,272,000 71,496,419

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults 

(CARDIA)

 56,037,130 2,811,816 58,848,946

Framingham Study 37,365,516 6,198,599 43,564,115

Jackson Heart Study (JHS) 9,516,000 2,802,000 12,318,000

Mammalian Genotyping Service (MGS) 16,269,750 5,250,000 21,519,750

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 29,703,000 10,939,999 40,642,999

Proteomics Initiative — 29,477,000 29,477,000

Translational Behavioral Science Research Consortium — 4,185,421 4,185,421

Lung Diseases

A Case-Controlled Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis (ACCESS) 11,372,464 158,683 11,531,147

Blood Diseases and Resources

Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening Study 

(HEIRS)

11,477,577 9,471,775 20,949,352

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository 3,690,565 932,000 4,622,565

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS) 62,229,074 5,567,078 67,796,152
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Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

107

CVD (in whom preventive measures may be unnecessary). Minority representation is sufficient to assess 

black-white differences.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$2,272,000

 Fiscal Years 1988–2001—$69,224,419

Total Funding to Date—$71,496,419

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-15103

2. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HC-75150

3. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-85079

4. Bowman Gray School of Medicine

Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-85080

5. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-85081

6. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HC-85082

7. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —HC-85083

8. University of Vermont

Burlington, Vermont —HC-85086

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young 

Adults (CARDIA), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1984

The purpose of this study is to identify CVD risk factors that contribute to the development of early atherosclerosis in a cohort of black and white young adults 

with a range of attained education, aged 18 to 30 at baseline. The study examines the interrelationships of risk 

factors and lifestyles during the transition from adolescence to middle age. It also compares the evolution of 

risk factors between men and women, blacks and whites, 

and groups of differing SES.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$2,811,816

Fiscal Years 1984–2001—$56,037,130

Total Funding to Date—$58,848,946

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Harbor-UCLA Research and 

Education Institute 

Torrance, California —HC-05187

2. University of California at Irvine

Irvine, California —HC-45134

3. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-48047

4. University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-48048

5. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-48049

6. Kaiser Permanente Division of Research

Oakland, California —HC-48050

7. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-95095

Framingham Study

The orginal Framingham Study was designed as a longitudinal investigation of constitutional and environmental factors influencing the development of CVD in 

individuals free of these conditions at the outset. Of the 

original 5,209 subjects, 700 members still remain. In 

1971, the Framingham Offspring Study was initiated to 

assess familial and genetic factors associated with CHD. 

More than 5,000 offsprings (and their spouses) were 

included. A third-generation cohort (consisting of 3,500 

grandchildren) has been added to permit examination of 

numerous hypotheses about the familial clustering of 

CVD and CVD risk factors. Additional goals include 

identifying new risk factors for cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases and developing new imaging tests that 

can detect very early stages of coronary atherosclerosis 

in otherwise healthy adults.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2002—$6,198,599

 Fiscal Years 1983–2001—$37,365,516

Total Funding to Date—$43,564,115

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Boston University Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-38038

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1998

The JHS is a single-site epidemiologic study of CVD 

in blacks, similar to established studies in Framingham, 

Massachusetts, and Honolulu, Hawaii, with primary 

goals of identifying risk factors for development and 

progression of CVD; enhancing recruitment, cohort 

retention, and scientific productivity of the existing Jackson site of the ARIC study; building research capabilities 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

108

at minority institutions; developing partnerships between 

minority and majority institutions; and expanding minority investigator participation in large-scale epidemiologic 

studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$2,802,000*

Fiscal Years 1998–2001—$9,516,000

Total Funding to Date—$12,318,000

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Jackson State University

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95170

2. Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95171

3. Tougaloo College

Tougaloo, Mississippi —HC-95172

Mammalian Genotyping Service (MGS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1994

The MGS provides genotyping to meritorious projects 

involving humans, mice, rats, zebrafish, and dogs in all 

disease areas. It provides genome-wide screens, using 

short tandem repeat polymorphisms, to assist in finding 

genes associated with health and disease. Currently, the 

capacity of the MGS is 7.7 million genotypes per year.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$5,250,000

Fiscal Years 1994–2001—$16,269,750

Total Funding to Date—$21,519,750

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Marshfield Medical Research and 

Educational Foundation

Marshfield, Wisconsin —HV-48141

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and progression of subclinical CVD, 

i.e., disease detected noninvasively before it has produced clinical signs and symptoms, in a population 

consisting of 40 percent whites, 30 percent blacks, 

20 percent Hispanics, and 10 percent Asians, predominantly of Chinese descent. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$10,939,999

Fiscal Years 1999–2001—$29,703,000

Total Funding to Date—$40,642,999

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-95159

2. University of California

Los Angeles, California —HC-95160

3. Columbia University

New York, New York —HC-95161

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95162

5. University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95163

6. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-95164

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95165

8. University of Vermont

Colchester, Vermont —HC-95166

9. New England Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-95167

10. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95168

11. Harbor-UCLA Research and 

Education Institute

Los Angeles, California —HC-95169

Proteomics Initiative, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2002

The purpose of this program is to establish highly 

interactive, multidisciplinary centers to enhance and 

develop innovative proteomic technologies directed to 

relevant biologic questions associated with heart, lung, 

blood, and sleep health and disease. Scientists will focus 

on the cells’ protein machinery directed towards understanding the molecular basis of the causes and progression of heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders and 

identifying targets for therapeutic interventions.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$29,477,000

Total Funding to Date—$29,477,000

* Additional funding is provided by the NIH Office of Research on Minority Health (ORMH).
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

109

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HV-28178

2. Institute for Systems Biology

Seattle, Washington —HV-28179

3. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HV-28180

4. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HV-28181

5. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HV-28182

6. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HV-28183

7. University of Texas Medical Branch

Galveston, Texas —HV-28184

8. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HV-28185

9. Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut —HV-28186

10. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the

Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. 

Rockville, Maryland —HV-28187

Translational Behavioral Science Research 

Consortium, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium of interdisciplinary basic and applied social scientists to conduct research related to developing and testing 

theories from the behavioral or social sciences concerning cognitive, affective, motivational, developmental, 

and other factors and processes underlying human 

behavior. Acquired knowledge will be used to develop 

and test methods to encourage individuals to adopt and 

maintain a healthy lifestyle and manage behavioral risk 

factors for heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2002—$4,185,421

Total Funding to Date—$4,185,421

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Weill Medical College of Cornell University

New York, New York —HC-25196

2. Mount Sinai School of Medicine

New York, New York —HC-25197

Lung Diseases Program

A Case-Controlled Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis 

(ACCESS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1995

The purpose of this program is to support a multicenter case-control study, in a predominately black population, of potential etiologic factors for sarcoidosis, a 

systemic granulomatous disease that usually produces 

disease in the lung. The study is assessing the role of 

infection, as well as environmental and familial factors 

in the etiology of the disease. The protocol includes 

comprehensive clinical characterization and examination 

of markers of immune responsiveness, as well as banking of blood components for further studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$158,683

Fiscal Years 1995–2001—$11,372,464

Total Funding to Date—$11,531,147

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-56065

2. National Jewish Center for Immunology 

and Respiratory Medicine

Denver, Colorado —HR-56066

3. Case Western Reserve University

Henry Ford Hospital

Detroit, Michigan —HR-56067

4. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HR-56068

5. University of Cincinnati Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —HR-56069

6. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HR-56070

7. Mt. Sinai School of Medicine

New York, New York —HR-56071

8. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-56072

9. Georgetown University

Washington, DC —HR-56073

10. Beth Israel Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-56074

11. Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-56075
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

110

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening 

Study (HEIRS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this project is to determine the prevalence of iron overload and hereditary hemochromatosis 

and to study genetic and environmental determinants and 

potential clinical, personal, and societal impact of the 

disorder.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$9,471,775

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$11,477,577

Total Funding to Date—$20,949,352

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-05185

2. Howard University

Washington, DC —HC-05186

3. University of Alabama

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-05188

4. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —HC-05189

5. University of California

Irvine, California —HC-05190

6. London Health Science Centre

Ontario, Canada —HC-05191

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-05192

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen 

Repository, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1998

The purpose of this project is to establish an NHLBI 

Biological Specimen Repository for blood specimens 

from Institute-supported research. The Repository monitors storage, labeling, and testing of the specimens, as 

well as administers safe shipment of precise sample aliquots to approved investigators for future studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$932,000

Fiscal Years 1998–2001—$3,690,565

Total Funding to Date—$4,622,565

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. BBI-Biotech Research Laboratories, Inc.

Gaithersburg, Maryland —HB-87144

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1989

This program was established to determine the prevalence of retrovirus positivity in blood donors, a majority 

of whom are minority. Researchers are evaluating the 

demographic, risk factor, and behavioral characteristics 

of blood donors with high risks who continue to donate. 

A blood specimen repository is also being established as 

a mechanism for evaluating new tests for known viruses 

and as a sentinel for as-yet-unrecognized viruses.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$5,567,078

Fiscal Years 1989–2001—$62,229,074

Total Funding to Date—$67,796,152

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HB-47114

2. Oklahoma Blood Institute

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HB-97078

3. American Red Cross, Greater

Chesapeake and Potomac Region

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-97079

4. American Red Cross

Southern California

Los Angeles, California —HB-97080

5. American Red Cross

Southeastern Michigan Region

Detroit, Michigan —HB-97081

6. Westat, Inc.

Rockville, Maryland —HB-97082
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

111

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Program on Surgical Control of 

Hyperlipidemias (POSCH)

$ — $ 485 $ 500 $ 538 $ 566 $ 294 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Stanford Coronary Risk Intervention Program 

(SCRIP)

382 — — — — — — — — — —

Electrophysiologic Study vs. Electrocardiographic Monitoring (ESVEM)740 — — — — — — — — — —

Coronary Artery Surgery Study Follow-up 670 — — — — — — — — — —

Emory Angioplasty Versus Surgery Trial 

(EAST)

— 277 288 296 296 — — — — — —

Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Plaque Study 

(ACAPS)

1,255 — — 66 70 — — — — — —

Infant Heart Surgery: Central Nervous System 

Sequelae of Circulatory Arrest

770 756 516 598 699 685 582 584 392 75 —

Lifestyle Heart Trial 524 — — — — — — — — — —

Thrombolysis in Myocardial Ischemia (T3) 636 — — — — — — — — — —

Do Fish Oils Prevent Restenosis PostCoronary Angioplasty?*750 — — — — — — — — — —

Prevention of Early Readmission in Elderly 

Congestive Heart Failure Patients

108 112 77 — — — — — — — —

MRFIT Follow-up and Analysis 387 402 418 — — — — — — — —

Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial* 2,072 2,092 2,095 1,958 504 — — — — — —

Trial of Aspirin and Vitamin E in Nurses 1,170 1,393 1,488 1,426 1,434 1,473 1,536 1,530 1,594 — —

Diet and Exercise for Elevated Risk (DEER) 775 805 703 — — — — — — — —

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the 

Menopause

539 610 601 451 478 494 528 186 — — —

Sodium Sensitivity in African Americans 686 492 97 249 — — — — — — —

Montreal Heart Attack Readjustment Trial 

(M-HART)

271 298 340 — — — — — — — —

Stress Reduction in Elderly Blacks With 

Hypertension

296 321 338 321 — — — — — — —

Trial of Nonpharmacologic Intervention in the 

Elderly (TONE)

749 1,038 796 729 — — — — — — —

CABG Patch Trial* — 3,362 3,117 1,344 988 1,171 — — — — —

Women’s Antioxidant and Cardiovascular 

Study (WACS)

— 586 612 620 643 501 525 540 556 572 598

Oral Calcium in Pregnant Women With 

Hypertension

— 280 290 306 320 332 — — — — —

Stress Reduction and Atherosclerotic CVD in 

Blacks

— — 219 330 403 407 40 326 339 360 376

Enalapril After Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity — — 587 647 707 724 789 — — — —

Stress and Anger Management for Blacks 

With Hypertension

— — 221 232 241 250 — — — — —

Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis 

(ERA) Trial*

— — 1,123 260 1,213 965 1668 1,017 — — —

A clinical trial is defined as a scientific research 

study undertaken with human subjects to evaluate 

prospectively the diagnostic, prophylactic, or therapeutic effect of a drug, device, regimen, or procedure 

used or intended ultimately for use in the practice of 

medicine or the prevention of disease. A clinical trial 

is planned and conducted prospectively and includes 

a concurrent control group or other appropriate comparison group.

11. Clinical Trials

* Paid by U01/U10.
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

112

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

Shock Trial: Should We Emergently 

Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for 

Cardiogenic Shock?

— — 1,070 1,022 1,008 826 874 — 440 362 298

HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study — — 484 480 427 445 340 — 326 — —

Influence of Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) 

Temperature on CABG Morbidity

— — 118 107 118 — — — — — —

Women’s Estrogen/Progestin Lipid Lowering 

Hormone Atherosclerosis Regression Trial 

(WELL-HART)*

— — — 798 508 1,196 1,269 1,131 — 32 —

Mode Selection Trial in Sinus Node 

Dysfunction (MOST)*

— — — 2,163 1,857 2,096 1,700 2,879 1,136 154 —

Antioxidants and Prevention of Early 

Atherosclerosis*

— — — 793 240 603 — — — — —

Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy In 

Unstable Angina

— — — 253 258 264 271 276 — — —

Estrogen and Graft Atherosclerosis Research 

Trial (EAGER)*

— — — — 476 488 305 — 361 371 —

Soy Estrogen Alternative Study (SEA) — — — — 219 217 221 — — — —

REMATCH Trial* — — — — — 1,258 1,798 1,333 825 750 —

Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake, and Blood 

Pressure (DASH Sodium)*† — — — — — 2,233 3,693 3,646 1,247 151 387

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial 

(SCD-HeFT)*

— — — — — 1,571 1,667 1,709 1,698 1,798 1,412

CVD Risk and Health in Post-Menopausal 

Phytoestrogen Users

— — — — — 631 662 574 244 — 304

Treatment of Hypertension With Two Exercise 

Intensities

— — — — — 359 474 473 481 420 —

Prevention of Recurrent Venous 

Thromboembolism (PREVENT)

— — — — — — 1,242 894 521 543 1,272

PREMIER: Lifestyle Interventions for Blood 

Pressure Control*

— — — — — — 2,234 3,425 3,595 2,925 1,505

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study 

(ACES)*

— — — — — — 847 2,663 2,182 720 1,254

Antiarrhythmic Effects of N-3 Fatty Acids — — — — — — — 514 542 529 647

Fatty Acid Antiarrhythmia Trial (FAAT) — — — — — — — 519 605 — —

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT)* — — — — — — — 4,892 5,079 2,604 1,724

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D)*

— — — — — — — — 3,942 6,515 9,342

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery* — — — — — — — — 473 557 596

Angiotensin-II Blockade in Mitral 

Regurgitation

— — — — — — — — — 553 610

Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial 

(HART)

— — — — — — — — — 795 1,617

Reduction of Triglycerides in Women on HRT — — — — — — — — — 708 746

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE)†

— — — — — — — — — 1,502 1,506

ACE Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular 

Risk Factors

— — — — — — — — — — 694

A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of 

Exercise (ACTION)*

— — — — — — — — — — 7,133

Clinical Trial of Dietary Protein on Blood 

Pressure

— — — — — — — — — — 655

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial 

(HAT)*

— — — — — — — — — — 3,567

Perioperative Interventional Neuroprotection 

Trial (POINT)

— — — — — — — — — — 553

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 (continued)

* Paid by U01/U10.

† Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

113

* Paid by U01/U10.

† Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics 

Study (SANDS)*

— — — — — — — — — — 2,410

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH)*

— — — — — — — — — — 5,709

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 12,780 13,309 16,098 15,987 13,673 19,483 23,265 29,111 26,578 22,996 44,915

Lung Diseases

Emphysema: Physiologic Effects of 

Nutritional Support

230 246 155 — — — — — — — —

Cardiopulmonary Effects of Ibuprofen in 

Human Sepsis*

792 886 683 — — — — — — — —

Inhaled Beclomethasone to Prevent Chronic 

Lung Disease*

— 583 690 738 551 436 — — — — —

Lung Health Study II*† — 594 3,307 4,434 3,183 3,508 980 — — — —

Lung Health Study—Long-Term Follow-up*† — — — — — — 1,997 1,986 1,616 1,672 927

Asthma Clinical Research Network 

(ACRN)*†

— — — — — — 4,934 5,399 5,686 5,705 5,863

Fetal Tracheal Occlusion for Severe 

Diaphragmatic Hernia*

— — — — — — — 419 429 181 —

Scleroderma Lung Study* — — — — — — — 1,040 1,501 1,761 1,501

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Prevention of 

Chronic Lung Disease*

— — — — — — — — 1,959 1,803 1,764

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic 

Lung Disease*

— — — — — — — — 1,548 1,742 1,839

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis-II (PIOPED II)*

— — — — — — — — 2,190 3,667 3,388

Randomized Trial to Reduce ETS in Children 

With Asthma

— — — — — — — — 555 545 468

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy 

Study (APPLES)*

— — — — — — — — — — 3,224

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 1,022 2,309 4,835 5,172 3,734 3,944 7,911 8,844 15,484 17,076 18,974

Blood Diseases and Resources

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea in Patients 

With Sickle Cell Anemia—Phase II*

3,139 3,221 3,271 1,238 — — — — — — —

Chelation Therapy of Iron Overload With 

Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone (PIH)

220 218 — — — — — — — — —

Trial to Reduce Alloimmunization to Platelets 

(TRAP)—Extension†

— — 2,510 1,246 263 — — — — — —

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(STOP)*

— — 2,751 3,257 2,435 2,584 2,036 — 293 — —

Pediatric Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(PED HUG)

— — 146 250 260 270 — — — — —

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(STOP II)*

— — — — — — — — 4,493 3,166 3,168

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell 

Anemia

— — — — — — — — — 489 525

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and 

Transplantation

— — — — — — — — — 1,222 1,224

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 3,359 3,439 8,678 5,991 2,958 2,854 2,036 — 4,786 4,877 4,917

Total, NHLBI $17,161 $19,057 $29,611 $27,150 $20,365 $26,281 $33,212 $37,955 $46,848 $44,949 $68,806

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 (continued)
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

114

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2002: Summary by Program

* Indicates paid by U01/U10.

† Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2002

FY 2002 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date 

Heart and Vascular Diseases

ACE Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors $ — $ 693,661 $ 693,661

A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise (ACTION)* — 7,132,993 7,132,993

Angiotensin-II Blockade in Mitral Regurgitation 553,312 610,368 1,163,680

Antiarrhythmic Effects of N-3 Fatty Acids 1,584,363 646,961 2,231,324

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study (ACES)* 6,412,683 1,254,228 7,666,911

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D)* 10,457,477 9,342,339 19,799,816

Clinical Trial of Dietary Protein on Blood Pressure — 655,198 655,198

CVD Risk and Health in Postmenopausal Phytoestrogen Users 2,110,940 304,000 2,414,940

Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake, and Blood Pressure (DASH Sodium)* 10,969,396 386,993 11,356,389

Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial (HART) 794,551 1,616,901 2,411,452

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery* 1,030,268 595,956 1,626,224

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial (HAT)* — 3,566,730 3,566,730

Infant Heart Surgery: Central Nervous System Sequelae of Circulatory Arrest 7,587,435 — 7,587,435

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT)* 12,574,250 1,724,200 14,298,450

Perioperative Interventional Neuroprotection Trial (POINT) — 552,597 552,597

PREMIER: Lifestyle Interventions for Blood Pressure Control* 12,179,443 1,505,073 13,684,516

Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism (PREVENT) 3,200,043 1,272,135 4,472,178

Reduction of Triglycerides in Women on HRT 708,215 746,384 1,454,599

Shock Trial: Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for 

Cardiogenic Shock?

5,600,795 297,352 5,898,147

Stress Reduction and Atherosclerotic CVD in Blacks 2,424,327 375,707 2,800,034

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS)* — 2,409,835 2,409,835

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT)* 8,443,157 1,412,018 9,855,175

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH)* — 5,709,397 5,709,397

Treatment of Hypertension With Two Exercise Intensities 2,206,498 — 2,206,498

Women’s Antioxidant and Cardiovascular Study (WACS) 5,154,013 598,353 5,752,366

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)*† 1,502,322 1,506,497 3,008,819

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 95,493,488 44,915,876 140,409,364

Lung Diseases

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study (APPLES)* — 3,223,476 3,223,476

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN)*† 21,722,002 5,862,537 27,584,539

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease* 3,762,198 1,764,494 5,526,692

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease* 3,289,375 1,839,151 5,128,526

Lung Health Study—Long-Term Follow-up*† 7,271,408 926,580 8,197,988

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis-II (PIOPED II)* 5,856,834 3,388,501 9,245,335

Randomized Trial to Reduce ETS in Children With Asthma 1,099,649 467,698 1,567,347

Scleroderma Lung Study* 4,301,152 1,501,330 5,802,482

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 47,302,618 18,973,767 66,276,385

Blood Diseases and Resources

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell Anemia 489,103 525,048 1,014,151

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and Transplantation 1,221,933 1,223,754 2,445,687

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP II)* 7,658,580 3,168,445 10,827,025

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 9,369,616 4,917,247 14,286,863

Total, NHLBI $152,165,722 $68,806,890 $220,972,612
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

115

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Contracts

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Lipid Research Clinics $ 574 $ 11 $ 622 $ 583 $ 660 $ 650 $ 685 $ — $ — $ — $ —

Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) 404 369 — — — — — — — — —

Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction 

(SOLVD)

 902 — — — — — — — — — —

Cardiac Arrythmia Suppression Trial 

(CAST)

 2,193 — 29 — — — — — — — —

Postcoronary Artery Bypass Graft 

(CABG) Study*

 5,195 213 — — — — — — — — —

Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension Study (PATHS) 564 585 — — — — — — — — —

Effects of Digitalis on Survival in 

Patients With Congestive Heart Failure

 3,272 3,464 270 2,235 — — — — — — —

Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot 

Study (ACIP)

 2,720 630 210 7 — — — — — — —

Psychophysiological Investigations of 

Myocardial Ischemia (PIMI)

 1,400 1,400 433 165 — — — — — — —

Arterial Disease Multifactorial Intervention Trial (ADMIT) 663 2,062 2,341 395 — — — — — — —

Raynaud’s Treatment Study 339 1,131 2,532 1,664 221 19 — — — — —

Antiarrhythmic vs. Implantable Defibrillator (AVID) 250 1,203 1,068 5,348 2,475 — 871 548 — — —

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering 

Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack 

Trial (ALLHAT)

— 2,760 10,914 3,412 9,676 15,943 17,119 — 6,259 7,000 3,980

Activity Counseling Trial (ACT) — — 1,260 5,000 — 2,167 2,439 — — — —

Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin 

Interventions (PEPI)

— — 600 1,305 — 3 170 — — — —

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart 

Disease Patients (ENRICHD)

— — — 1,871 6,993 6,837 5,904 3,303 3,487 596 425

Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up: 

Investigation in Rhythm Management 

(AFFIRM)

— — — 883 2,510 6,330 — 3,785 1,239 2,401 802

Beta-Blocker Evaluation Survival Trial 

(BEST)

— — — 2,500 1,435 2,300 2,448 — — — —

Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and 

Estrogen Trial (WAVE)

— — — — 731 2,891 1,917 3,878 886 756 —

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome 

Evaluation (WISE)

— — — — 1,577 133 2,932 856 1,424 10 50

Prevention of Events With Angiotensin 

Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy 

(PEACE)

— — — — 3,632 2,838 2,836 2,850 5,988 — 2,849

Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) — — — — — — 1,169 2,009 1,243 — 238

Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart 

Failure and Pulmonary Artery 

Catheterization Effectiveness 

(ESCAPE)

— — — — — — — 1,750 1,820 — 1,129

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in 

Diabetes (ACCORD) 

— — — — — — — 4,130 6,590 — 1,750

Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) 

Community Trial

— — — — — — — 2,923 2,414 3,058 1,101

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 18,476 13,828 20,279 25,368 29,910 40,111 38,490 26,032 31,350 13,821 12,324
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

116

 * Gift Fund (unappropriated) used—$4,662,000–FY 94; $1,320,000–FY 95; and $917,720–FY 96. 

Lung Diseases

Lung Health Study I 10,496 — 3,398 650 350 — — — — — —

Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiac 

Complications of HIV Infection 

(P2C2)

6,995 7,814 10,550 2,627 4,033 668 1,979 — 315 — 113

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program (CAMP)

— 11,361 9,745 5,096 7,977 5,695 — 6,551 729 1,330 2,786

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 

Clinical Network (ARDSNET)

— — 1,800 4,170 4,337 4,510 4,880 6,837 5,587 2,667 1,502

National Emphysema Treatment Trial 

(NETT)

— — — — — 2,710 3,367 7,545 4,047 6,989 7,910

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in 

Emphysema (FORTE)

— — — — — — — 884 7,711 — 2,429

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 17,491 19,175 25,493 12,543 16,697 13,583 10,226 21,817 18,389 10,986 14,740

Blood Diseases and Resources

Clinical Course of Sickle Cell Disease 2,161 1,756 2,390 4,375 376 205 2,144 350 106 — —

Penicillin Prophylaxis in Sickle Cell 

Disease (PROPS II)

 1,058 1,095 226 — — — — — — — —

Anti-HIV Immunoglobulin (HIVIG) in 

Prevention of Maternal-Fetal HIV 

Transmission

— — 3,016 1,819 706 — — — — — —

T-Cell Depletion in Unrelated Donor 

Marrow Transplantation

— — 1,310 1,917 1,461 639 2,228 690 1,085 1,144 557

Viral Activation Transfusion Study 

(VATS)

— — — 5,000 5,647 2,353 1,668 — 339 — —

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation 

Study

— — — — 1,419 6,573 12,530 1,456 5,122 1,846 2,166

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea 

(MSH) in Sickle Cell Anemia Adult 

Follow-up

— — — — 703 472 475 469 — — 588

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical 

Trial (BABY HUG)

— — — — — — — — 1,606 405 3,100

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 3,219 2,851 6,942 13,111 10,312 10,242 19,045 2,965 8,258 3,395 6,411

Women’s Health Initiative

Subtotal, Women’s Health Initiative — — — — — — — 59,100 57,700 59,200 59,010

Total, NHLBI Clinical Trials Contracts $39,186 $35,854 $52,714 $51,022 $56,919 $63,936 $67,761 $109,914 $115,697 $87,402 $92,485

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 (continued)

Contracts (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

117

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1992–2002 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Trials of Hypertension Prevention 

(TOHP)

$5,435 $5,111 $4,385 $1,240 $ 649 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Dietary Intervention Study in 

Children (DISC)

2,018 1,686 1,615 1,625 1,625 746 — — — — —

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI)3,952 3,978 3,965 3,882 2,757 2,894 1,360 1,609 1,634 1,549 1,456

Postmenopausal Estrogen/

Progestin Interventions (PEPI)

2,554 1,516 1,109 584 331 — — — — — —

Child and Adolescent Trial for 

Cardiovascular Health (CATCH)

5,501 6,077 2,586 2,342 2,682 3,956 572 210 — — —

Cholesterol Reduction in Seniors 

Program (CRISP)

850 — — — — — —————

Dietary Effects on Lipoproteins 

and Thrombogenic Activity 

(DELTA)

1,950 3,213 3,121 2,485 132 290 — — — — —

Obesity Prevention in American 

Indians (PATHWAYS)

— 1,689 1,814 2,150 3,432 4,119 3,945 4,196 2,459 — —

Dietary Approaches to Stop 

Hypertension (DASH)

— 1,650 2,350 2,513 899 — — — — — —

Rapid Early Action for Coronary 

Treatment (REACT)

— — 2,609 5,091 4,992 2,866 496 — — — —

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite 

Studies (GEMS) 

— — — — — — — 2,282 2,365 2,877 2,713

Trial of Activity for Adolescent 

Girls (TAAG)

— — — — — — — — 5,274 4,831 5,919

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical 

Research Network 

— — — — — — — — — 3,447 4,822

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular 

Diseases

22,260 24,920 23,554 21,912 17,499 14,871 6,373 8,297 11,732 12,704 14,910

Lung Diseases

 Asthma Clinical Research 

Network

— 2,500 3,694 3,640 4,526 4,479 — — — — —

 Asthma and Pregnancy Studies — — 1,000 991 1,000 913 — — — — —

 Childhood Asthma Research and 

Education (CARE) Network

— — — — — — — 4,175 5,002 5,314 6,005

Subtotal, Lung Diseases — 2,500 4,694 4,631 5,526 5,392 — 4,175 5,002 5,314 6,005

Blood Diseases and Resources

Trial to Reduce Alloimmunization to Platelets (TRAP)3,483 1,422 — — — — —————

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) 

Clinical Research Network 

— — — — — — — — 2,192 2,219 2,269

Blood and Marrow Transplant 

Clinical Research Network 

— — — — — — — — — 5,360 5,899

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis 

Clinical Research Network

—————— — — — — 6,053

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and 

Resources

3,483 1,422 — — — — — — 2,192 7,579 14,221

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical 

Trials, Cooperative Agreements 

$25,743 $28,842 $28,248 $26,543 $23,025 $20,263 $6,373 $12,472 $18,926 $25,597 $35,136

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical 

Trials

$64,929 $64,696 $80,962 $77,565 $79,944 $84,199 $74,134 $122,386 $134,623 $112,999 $127,621
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

118

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2002: Summary by Program 

Contracts

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2002

Total FY 2002 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

 Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) $10,720,324 1,749,246 $12,469,570

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack 

Trial (ALLHAT) 

73,083,355 3,980,000 $77,063,355

Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up: Investigation in Rhythm Management 

(AFFIRM) 

17,148,473 801,527 $17,950,000

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) 28,991,922 425,378 $29,417,300

Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery 

Catheterization Effectiveness (ESCAPE) 

3,570,120 1,129,417 $4,699,537

Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) 4,420,650 238,292 $4,658,942

Prevention of Events With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor 

Therapy (PEACE) 

18,143,176 2,849,261 $20,992,437

Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) Community Trial 8,396,224 1,101,479 $9,497,703

Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and Estrogen Trial (WAVE) 11,058,620 — 11,058,620

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) 6,931,798 50,000 $6,981,798

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 182,464,662 12,324,600 $194,789,262

Lung Diseases 

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network (ARDSNET) 34,788,000 1,502,000 36,290,000

Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) 49,772,800 2,786,000 52,558,800

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in Emphysema (FORTE) 8,595,001 2,429,000 11,024,001

National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) 24,658,000 7,910,000 32,568,000

Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiac Complications of HIV Infection (P2C2) 47,315,456 113,101 47,428,557

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 165,129,257 14,740,101 179,869,358

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study 28,945,311 2,165,861 31,111,172

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) in Sickle Cell Anemia Adult 

Follow-up 

2,118,820 588,000 2,706,820

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG) 2,011,192 3,100,000 5,111,192

T-Cell Depletion in Unrelated Donor Marrow Transplantation 10,474,328 556,895 11,031,223

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 43,549,651 6,410,756 49,960,407

Women’s Health Initiative

 Subtotal, Women’s Health Initiative 492,900,000 59,010,108 551,910,108

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Contracts $884,043,570 $92,485,565 $976,529,135

Cooperative Agreements

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2002

Total FY 2002 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) $50,906,906 $1,455,489 $52,362,395

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies (GEMS) 7,523,751 2,713,306 10,237,057

Obesity Prevention in American Indians (PATHWAYS) 23,804,542 — 23,804,542

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research Network 3,447,570 4,822,007 8,269,577

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) 10,105,269 5,919,453 16,024,722

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 95,788,038 14,910,255 110,698,293

Lung Diseases 

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network 14,491,554 6,004,651 20,496,205

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 14,491,554 6,004,651 20,496,205

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 5,360,364 5,899,050 11,259,414

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network 4,410,593 2,269,299 6,679,892

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network — 6,052,717 6,052,717

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 9,770,957 14,221,066 23,992,023

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Cooperative Agreements $120,050,549 $35,135,972 $155,186,521

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials $1,004,094,119 $127,621,537 $1,131,715,656
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

119

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in 

Diabetes (ACCORD), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate three diabetic 

treatment strategies (intensive glycemic control, blood 

pressure control, and fibrate treatment to raise HDLcholesterol and lower triglycerides) to prevent major 

cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes 

mellitus. The primary outcome measure is CVD mortality or major morbidity (MI and stroke). A vanguard 

phase of about 1,000 participants was completed in 

FY 2002, and the main trial will proceed in FY 2003.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,749,246

Fiscal Years 1999–2001—$10,720,324

Total Funding to Date—$12,469,570

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95178

2. McMaster University

Hamilton, Ontario —HC-95179

3. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-95180

4. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HC-95181

5. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95182

6. Minneapolis Medical 

Research Foundation

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95183

7. Trustees of Columbia University

of New York

New York, New York —HC-95184

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment 

to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1993

The ALLHAT is a practice-based, randomized clinical 

trial to determine whether combined incidence of fatal 

CHD and nonfatal MI differs between diuretic-based and 

newer antihypertensive treatments (ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, alpha blocker) in high-risk hypertensive patients. The objective of the lipid-lowering 

component of the study is to determine whether lowering 

serum cholesterol with an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor 

reduces the total mortality in a subset of hypertensive 

patients with moderately elevated LDL cholesterol. 

Because blacks and Hispanics are at high risk for hypertension and CHD, investigators recruited a high percentage of minorities into the study.

In February 2000, the alpha blocker arm of the study 

was discontinued at the recommendation of the Data 

Safety Monitoring Committee and an independant expert 

review committee because the CVD event rate was significantly greater among those patients compared to the 

control group.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$3,980,000 

Fiscal Years 1993–2001—$73,083,355

Total Funding to Date—$77,063,355

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Texas Health 

Science Center

Houston, Texas —HC-35130

Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up: Investigation in 

Rhythm Management (AFFIRM), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1995

This clinical trial compared the impact on total mortality of antiarrhythmic drugs to maintain controlled heart 

rate and sinus rhythm to a strategy of merely controlling 

the heart rate. Important secondary end points included 

quality of life and cost of therapies.

Results of the trial demonstrated that the heart rhythm 

strategy prevented no more deaths than the alternate 

strategy of merely controlling the heart rate and, in fact, 

may contribute to more hospitalizations and adverse 

drug effects.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$801,527

Fiscal Years 1995–2001—$17,148,473

Total Funding to Date—$17,950,000

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Statistics and Epidemiology 

Research Corporation

Seattle, Washington —HC-55139
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

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Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation (BARI), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1987

The BARI assesses the long-term safety and efficacy of 

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) 

and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in 

patients who require revascularization and have coronary 

anatomy suitable for either procedure. The trial has been 

extended through November 2002 to complete the minimum 10-year follow-up on all patients and to determine 

the relative efficacy of PTCA versus CABG in subgroups 

of women, blacks, diabetics, and the elderly.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,455,489

Fiscal Years 1987–2001—$50,906,906

Total Funding to Date—$52,362,395

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-38610

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease 

Patients (ENRICHD), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1995

The objective of this multicenter, randomized clinical 

trial was to test whether treating symptoms of depression 

and low social support with cognitive behavior therapy 

and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors immediately 

after MI reduces morbidity and mortality. The primary 

endpoint was a combination of reinfarction and death. 

Secondary outcomes included changes in cardiovascular 

mortality, depression, social support, and quality of life. 

The cohort included 33 percent minorities. Results 

showed that the treatment did not lower mortality or the 

risk of a second heart attack. However, the intervention 

reduced patients’ depression and increased their level of 

social support.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$425,378

Fiscal Years 1995–2001—$28,991,922

Total Funding to Date—$29,417,300

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55140

2. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-55141

3. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HC-55142

4. University of Miami

Coral Gables, Florida —HC-55143

5. Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s 

Medical Center

Chicago, Illinois —HC-55144

6. Stanford University

Palo Alto, California —HC-55145

7. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HC-55146

8. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-55147

9. Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut —HC-55148

Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure 

and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization 

Effectiveness (ESCAPE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1999

The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of 

pulmonary artery catheterization-directed treatment 

strategy to a noninvasive treatment strategy on morbidity 

and mortality in patients with severe CHF.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,129,417

Fiscal Years 1999–2001—$3,570,120

Total Funding to Date—$4,699,537

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HV-98177

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies 

(GEMS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The objective of this project is to develop and test 

interventions to prevent obesity by decreasing weight 

gain during the high-risk transitional period from prepuberty to puberty in African American girls who are at 

high risk for developing obesity. Phase 1 (developmental and pilot studies) was completed in FY 2002. Two 

sites will begin Phase 2 studies in FY 2003.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$2,713,306

Fiscal Years 1999–2001—$7,523,751

Total Funding to Date—$10,237,057
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

121

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Memphis

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-62662

2. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-62663

3. University of Minnesota, 

Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-62668

4. The George Washington University

Washington, DC —HL-62732

5. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HL-65160

Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1998

The purpose of this multicenter trial is to determine 

whether intravenous magnesium reduces the short-term 

mortality of high-risk patients with suspected acute MI 

when it is administered sufficiently early to reduce reperfusion injury.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$238,292

Fiscal Years 1998–2001—$4,420,650

Total Funding to Date—$4,658,942

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. New England Research Institutes, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HC-85155

Obesity Prevention in Young American Indians 

(PATHWAYS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1993

This trial assesses the effectiveness of a school-based 

intervention in primary prevention of obesity among 

American Indian elementary school children.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$0

Fiscal Years 1993–2001—$23,804,542

Total Funding to Date—$23,804,542

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HL-50867

2. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-50869

3. University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-50885

4. Gila River Indian Community

Sacaton, Arizona —HL-50905

5. Coordinating Center:

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-50907

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The objective of this study is to establish a clinical 

network to evaluate novel treatment methods and management strategies for children with structural congenital 

heart disease, inflammatory heart disease, heart muscle 

disease, and arrhythmias. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$4,822,007 

Fiscal Year 2001—$3,447,570

Total Funding to Date—$8,269,577

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-68269

2. New England Research Institute, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-68270

3. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-68279

4. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HL-68281

5. Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-68285

6. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HL-68288

7. Columbia University

Health Sciences

New York, New York —HL-68290

8. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-68292

Prevention of Events With Angiotensin 

Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy 

(PEACE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1996

The multicenter, randomized trial is determining 

whether addition of an ACE inhibitor to standard therapy in patients with known coronary artery disease and 

preserved left ventricular function will prevent CVD 

mortality and reduce risk of MI and the need for revascularization.
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

122

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$2,849,261

Fiscal Years 1996–2001—$18,143,176

Total Funding to Date—$20,992,437

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. The George Washington University 

Biostatistics Center

Rockville, Maryland —HC-65149

Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) Community 

Trial, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The objective of this trial is to determine whether lay 

volunteers trained in the use of automatic external 

defibrillators for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims 

will significantly increase survival to hospital discharged 

compared with community volunteers trained in standard 

life-saving techniques. One thousand community sites 

are participating in the study.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,101,479

Fiscal Years 1999–2001—$8,396,224

Total Funding to Date—$9,497,703

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-95177

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

This community-based study is testing the effects of a 

school-community linked intervention to prevent decline 

in physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness seen 

during adolescence in girls. The study will be conducted 

in 36 schools; 37 percent of the population will be 

minorities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$5,919,453

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$10,105,269

Total Funding to Date—$16,024,722

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-66845

2. University of South Carolina

Columbia, South Carolina —HL-66852

3. University of North Carolina

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-66853

4. Tulane University

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-66855

5. San Diego State University

San Diego, California —HL-66856

6. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-66857

7. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-66858

Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and Estrogen 

Trial (WAVE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1996

The multicenter, randomized trial is assessing whether 

or not HRT and/or antioxidant treatment stabilize or 

inhibit progression and induce regression of coronary 

plaques in women. The trial is also examining the mechanisms by which these treatments modify atherosclerosis. The primary end points are angiographic changes.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$0

Fiscal Years 1996–2001—$11,058,620

Total Funding to Date—$11,058,620

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. The George Washington University

Washington, DC —HV-68165

2. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HV-68166

3. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HV-68167

4. Medlantic Research Institute

Washington, DC —HV-68168

5. Hartford Hospital

Hartford, Connecticut —HV-68169

6. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HV-68170

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1996

The multicenter trial seeks to improve diagnostic 

reliability of cardiovascular testing in the evaluation of 

ischemic heart disease in women. Secondary objectives 

are to develop safe, efficient, and cost-effective diagnostic approaches for evaluating women with suspected 

ischemic heart disease; determine the frequency of myo-
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

123

cardial ischemia in the absence of significant epicardial 

coronary stenosis; and ascertain the frequency of nonischemic or noncardiac chest pain.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$50,000

Fiscal Years 1996–2001—$6,931,798

Total Funding to Date—$6,981,798

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HV-68161

2. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HV-68162

3. University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida —HV-68163

4. Allegheny Singer Research Institute

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HV-68164

Lung Diseases Program

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical 

Network (ARDSNET), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1994

The objective of this network is to test new therapeutic 

agents with a potential for improving the outcome of 

patients with ARDS and those at risk of developing 

ARDS. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$1,502,000

Fiscal Years 1994–2001—$34,788,000

Total Funding to Date—$36,290,000

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HR-46054

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HR-46055

3. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HR-46056

4. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-46057

5. University of Pennsylvania Hospital

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-46058

6. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HR-46059

7. Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-46060

8. University of Colorado

Denver, Colorado —HR-46061

9. Latter Day Saints Hospital

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-46062

10. University of Maryland

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-46063

11. Coordinating Center: 

Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-46064

12. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HR-16146

13. Baystate Medical Center

Springfield, Massachusetts —HR-16147

14. University of British Columbia

Vancouver, Canada —HR-16148

15. University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois —HR-16149

16. Louisiana State University

New Orleans, Louisiana —HR-16150

17. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-16152

18. University of Texas

San Antonio, Texas —HR-16153

19. University of Virginia

Charlottesville, Virginia —HR-16154

20. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HR-16155

Childhood Asthma Management Program 

(CAMP), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1991

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term 

effects of anti-inflammatory therapy compared to bronchodilator therapy on the course of asthma, particularly 

on lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and 

on physical and psychosocial growth and development. 

Results showed that 4 1⁄2 to 6 years of daily treatment 

with inhaled corticosteroids was safe and provided 

superior control of asthma compared to a different antiinflammatory medication or treatment only when symptoms occurred. The CAMP study will continue to 

observe the children for 5 years to determine the effect of 

early treatment on maximum lung growth and on height.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$2,786,000

Fiscal Years 1991–2001—$49,772,800

Total Funding to Date—$52,558,800
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

124

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-16044

2. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HR-16045

3. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HR-16046

4. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HR-16047

5. National Jewish Center for Immunology

and Respiratory Medicine

Denver, Colorado —HR-16048

6. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-16049

7. Asthma, Inc.

Seattle, Washington —HR-16050

8. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HR-16051

9. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-16052

Childhood Asthma Research and Education 

(CARE) Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate current and 

novel therapies and management strategies for children 

with asthma. Emphasis is on clinical trials that help 

identify optimal therapy for children with different 

asthma phenotypes, genotypes, and ethnic backgrounds 

and children at different developmental stages. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$6,004,651

Fiscal Years 1999–2001—$14,491,554

Total Funding to Date—$20,496,205

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-64287

2. National Jewish Medical and 

Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-64288

3. University of California, San Diego

San Diego, California —HL-64295

4. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-64305

5. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-64307

6. Pennsylvania State University

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-6431

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in Emphysema 

(FORTE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this program is to conduct preliminary 

studies to identify optimal patient populations, drugs and 

dosing schedules, and outcome measures before conducting a larger clinical trial on retinoid treatment for 

emphysema.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$2,429,000

Fiscal Years 1999–2001—$8,595,001

Total Funding to Date—11,024,001

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HR-96140

2 Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-96141

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-96142

4. University of California

Los Angeles, California —HR-96143

5. University of California

San Diego, California —HR-96144

6. Columbia University

New York, New York —HR-96145

National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1997

The NETT is a multicenter trial designed to evaluate 

the efficacy and role of lung volume reduction surgery 

(a procedure in which part of the lung is removed in an 

attempt to improve breathing) in the treatment of severe 

emphysema. If surgery proves to be effective, a major 

secondary objective is to determine which patients are 

most likely to benefit.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$7,910,000

Fiscal Years 1997–2001—$24,658,000

Total Funding to Date—$32,568,000

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HR-76101

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-76102
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

125

3. University of California, San Diego

San Diego, California —HR-76103

4. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Los Angeles, California —HR-76104

5. Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-76105

6. Columbia University

New York, New York —HR-76106

7. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HR-76107

8. University of Maryland

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-76108

9. Mayo Foundation

Rochester, Minnesota —HR-76109

10. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-76110

11. National Jewish Center for Immunology 

and Respiratory Medicine

Denver, Colorado —HR-76111

12. The Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio —HR-76112

13. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-76113

14. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-76114

15. Saint Louis University

St. Louis, Missouri —HR-76115

16. Temple University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-76116

17. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HR-76118

18. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-76119

Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiac Complications 

of HIV Infection (P2C2), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1989

This multicenter natural history study, in a primarily 

minority population, is designed to identify and follow 

the course of lung and cardiovascular diseases that occur 

in pediatric patients with all stages of vertically transmitted HIV infection.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$113,101

Fiscal Years 1989–2001—$47,315,456

Total Funding to Date—$47,428,557

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Cleveland Clinic Foundation 

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-96037

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this network is to promote the efficient 

comparison of novel treatment methods and management strategies of potential benefit for children and 

adults undergoing blood or marrow transplantation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$5,899,050

Fiscal Year 2001—$5,360,364

Total Funding to Date—$11,259,414

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Nebraska Medical Center

Omaha, Nebraska —HL-69233

2. Dana Farber Cancer Institute

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-69249

3. Children’s Mercy Hospital

Kansas City, Missouri —HL-69254

4. University of California San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-69273

5. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-69274

6. City of Hope Medical Center

Duarte, California —HL-69278

7. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-69286

8. University of Minnesota 

Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-69290

9. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-69291

10. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-69294

11. University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida —HL-69301

12. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-69310

13. Sloan Kettering Institute 

for Cancer Research

New York, New York —HL-69315

14. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-69330

15. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-69348
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126

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1996

The multicenter study is designed to show whether 

umbilical cord blood stem cell transplants from unrelated, 

newborn donors are a safe and efficient alternative to bone 

marrow transplantation for children and adults with a variety of cancers, blood diseases, and genetic disorders. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$2,165,861

Fiscal Years 1996–2001—$28,945,311

Total Funding to Date—$31,111,172

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. The EMMES Corporation

Potomac, Maryland —HB-67132

2. Dana-Farber Cancer Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HB-67133

3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HB-67134

4. University of California at Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HB-67135

5. Indiana University

Indianapolis, Indiana —HB-67137

6. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HB-67138

7. University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HB-67139

8. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HB-67141

9. University of California at Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HB-67142

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) in 

Sickle Cell Anemia Adult Follow-up, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1996

The purpose of this trial is to determine the long-term 

effects of hydroxurea. Patients will be examined annually to determine their health status, quality of life, incidence of malignancies, and birth defects in their 

offspring(s). Mortality rates from this cohort will be 

compared to mortality data from the CSSCD cohort and 

the normal black population mortality. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$588,000

Fiscal Year 1996–2001—$2,118,820

Total Funding to Date—$2,706,820

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Maryland Medical Research Institute 

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-67129

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial 

(BABY HUG), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this clinical trial is to determine if 

hydroxyurea therapy is effective in prevention of chronic 

end organ damage in pediatric patients with sickle cell 

anemia.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$3,100,000

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$2,011,192

Total Funding to Date—$5,111,192

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Children’s Research Institute

Washington, DC —HB-07150

2. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HB-07151

3. Howard University

Washington, DC —HB-07152

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07153

5. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HB-07154

6. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee —HB-07155

7. The Research Foundation of SUNY

New York, New York —HB-07156

8. University of Miami

Miami, Florida —HB-07157

9. University of Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HB-07158

10. University of Texas Southwestern 

Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HB-07159

11. Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07160

T-Cell Depletion in Unrelated Donor Marrow 

Transplantation, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1994

The purpose of this randomized multicenter clinical 

trial is to determine whether a reduction in morbidity and 

mortality from acute and chronic graft-versus-host 

disease can be achieved without a counterbalancing 

increase in relapse of leukemia in patients receiving an 

unrelated donor marrow transplant.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

127

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$556,895

Fiscal Years 1994–2001—$10,474,328

Total Funding to Date—$11,031,223

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. The EMMES Corporation

Potomac, Maryland —HB-47094

2. University of Minnesota 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HB-47095

3. University of Kentucky

Lexington, Kentucky —HB-47097

4. Sloan-Kettering Institute for 

Cancer Research

New York, New York —HB-47098

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this network is to accelerate research 

in the management of thalassemia, standardize existing 

treatments, and evaluate new ones in a network of clinical centers.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$2,269,299

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$4,410,593

Total Funding to Date—$6,679,892

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-65232

2. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HL-65233

3. New England Research Institute, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-65238

4. Children’s Hospital Oakland

Oakland, California —HL-65239

5. Weill Medical College of 

Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-65244

6. Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-65260

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this network is to promote the efficient 

comparison of new management strategies for individuals with hemostatic disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 

and to evaluate new and existing blood products and 

cytokines for treatment of hematologic disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$6,052,717

Total Funding to Date—$6,052,717

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-72028

2. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-72033

3. University of Minnesota Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-72072

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-72191

5. Weill Medical College of 

Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-72196

6. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-72248

7. New England Research Institutes, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-72268

8. Tulane Universiity of Louisiana

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-72274

9. University of Oklahoma 

Health Sciences Center

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-72283

10. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-72289

11. Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-72290

12. Children’s Hospital Boston

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-72291

13. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-72299

14. Puget Sound Blood Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-72305

15. University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-72331

16. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-72346

17. University of North Carolina Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-72355

18. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-72359
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

128

Women’s Health Initiative, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1992

The purpose of the WHI is to study cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The 

program consists of three major components: a randomized controlled clinical trial of HRT, dietary modification, and 

calcium/vitamin D supplementation; an observational study to identify predictors of disease; and a study of community 

approaches to developing healthful behaviors.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2002—$59,010,108

Fiscal Years 1992–2001*—$492,900,000

Total Funding to Date—$551,910,108

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-22110

2. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-32100

3. University of Minnesota,

Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —WH-32101

4. University of Iowa 

College of Medicine 

Iowa City, Iowa —WH-32102

5. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —WH-32105

6. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —WH-32106

7. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —WH-32108

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —WH-32109

9. University of Medicine 

and Dentistry of New Jersey

Newark, New Jersey —WH-32110

10. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —WH-32111

11. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —WH-32112

12. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —WH-32113

13. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —WH-32115

14. University of Tennessee 

Memphis, Tennessee —WH-32118

15. Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island

Pawtucket, Rhode Island —WH-32119

16. University of California, San Diego

San Diego, California —WH-32120

17. State University of New York 

at Buffalo 

Buffalo, New York —WH-32122

18. University of California, Irvine

Irvine, California —WH-42107

19. The George Washington University 

Washington, DC —WH-42108

20. Stanford University

Palo Alto, California —WH-42109 

21. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —WH-42110

22. University of Texas 

Health Science Center 

at San Antonio 

San Antonio, Texas —WH-42111

23. The Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —WH-42112

24. University of Nevada 

School of Medicine 

Reno, Nevada —WH-42113

25. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —WH-42114

26. State University of New York 

at Stony Brook 

Stony Brook, New York —WH-42115

27. University of Massachusetts

Medical School 

Worcester, Massachusetts —WH-42116

28. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —WH-42117

29. Wayne State University

Detroit, Michigan —WH-42118

30. Albert Einstein College of Medicine

New York, New York —WH-42119

31. Harbor-UCLA 

Research and Education Institute

Torrance, California —WH-42120

* This figure reflects funding for the clinical trials and observational studies only. From 1992–98, major support was provided through the Office of the Director, 

NIH. The Community Prevention Study receives funding through an interagency agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: $4,000,000 in 

FY 1999 and $12,000,000 from FY 1996–98.
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

129

32. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —WH-42121

33. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —WH-42122

34. Medlantic Research Institute 

Washington, DC —WH-42123

35. Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s 

Medical Center 

Chicago, Illinois —WH-42124

36. UCLA School of Medicine

Los Angeles, California —WH-42125

37. University of Cincinnati 

Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —WH-42126

38. University of Florida 

College of Medicine 

Gainesville, Florida —WH-42129

39. University of Hawaii at Manoa

Honolulu, Hawaii —WH-42130

40. University of Miami

Miami, Florida —WH-42131

41. University of Wisconsin, Madison 

Madison, Wisconsin —WH-42132

NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activites

131

Throughout its history, the NHLBI has been a 

leader in conducting and supporting research to 

eliminate health disparities that exist between various segments of the U.S. population. The Institute 

has not only initiated research projects with significant minority participation in order to compare 

health status between various populations, but also 

has given high priority to programs that focus exclusively on minority health issues. 

Since FY 1991, the Institute has had procedures in 

place to ensure full compliance with the NIH Policy 

on Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in 

Clinical Research. As a result, all NHLBI-supported 

research that involves human subjects includes 

minorities, with the exception of a very few projects 

for which a compelling justification for limited 

diversity in the study population exists. Thus, all 

segments of the population, both minority and nonminority, stand to benefit from the Institute’s 

research programs. 

The NHLBI supports activities that foster 

increased participation by minorities in biomedical 

and behavioral research through outreach to high 

schools, colleges, and universities, especially 

minority-serving institutions. It also actively 

recruits minorities into its training and career development programs (see Chapter 13). 

In FY 2001, the Institute sponsored a workshop to 

develop recommendations for improving recruitment 

and retention of minorities into research. The workshop recommended:

• Establishing a minority coordinator and a 

support infrastructure with the responsibility 

and authority to develop, coordinate, and 

administer training and career development 

programs for underrepresented minorities.

• Exposing young children to science and 

providing them with experiences, skills, and 

knowledge to pursue science education in 

college and beyond.

• Improving the research capabilities and 

resources of minority institutions.

The Institute responded by: 

• Establishing the Office of Minority Health 

Affairs with the mission of improving the health 

of minority populations by fostering racial and 

ethnic representation in research and research 

training programs concerned with diseases of 

the heart, lung, and blood and sleep disorders. 

• Issuing an initiative entitled, Minority K-12 

Initiative for Teachers and Students, to 

encourage NHLBI-funded investigators to 

collaborate with local school districts, K-12 

students and their families, and minorityserving colleges and universities on the 

development and evaluation of programs to 

improve the quality of science education in 

schools that serve underrepresented minority 

students.

• Establishing a Research Scientist Award for 

Minority Institutions program to support 

established scientists with expertise in heart, 

lung, or blood health and disease, transfusion 

medicine, or sleep disorders who are interested 

in developing research programs at minority 

institutions.

The overall aim of these efforts is to ensure that 

highly qualified investigators from various racial and 

ethnic populations are available to conduct future 

research in heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders.

The NHLBI has contributed to an NIH-wide effort 

to formulate a comprehensive plan to address health 

disparities. This plan, which identified ongoing 

Institute activities and described goals and objectives 

for the future, serves as a guide for many NHLBI 

programs targeted to minority communities.

Listed below are selected current projects that 

focus on minority populations and reflect the Institute’s research portfolio related to minority health; 

additional information can be found in Chapters 9 

through 11.

12. Minority Activities
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activites

132

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Risk Factors

Epidemiology

Long-term epidemiologic studies are pivotal in uncovering risk factors that lead to disease. The Institute has 

initiated several major studies of heart disease focused 

significantly or completely on minority populations. 

• CARDIA (see Chapter 10): Determines the 

evolution of CHD risk factors and lifestyle 

characteristics in young adults that may influence 

development of risk factors prior to middle age; 50 

percent of the participants are black. 

• ARIC (see Chapter 10): Investigates the association 

of CHD risk factors with development of atherosclerosis and CVD in an adult population; 38 

percent of the participants are black.

• CHS (see Chapter 10): Examines risk factors for 

CHD and stroke in the elderly; 20 percent of the 

participants are minorities.

• Strong Heart Study (see Chapter 9): Compares risk 

factor levels and morbidity and mortality from CVD 

among American Indians from three different 

geographic locations.

• JHS (see Chapter 10): Identifies environmental and 

genetic factors influencing the evolution and 

progression of CVD in blacks.

• MESA (see Chapter 10): Examines the characteristics of subclinical CVD that predict progression to 

clinically overt CVD and related risk factors that 

predict subclinical disease in blacks, whites, 

Hispanics, and Asians; 62 percent of the participants 

are minorities.

• GOCADAN (see Chapter 9): Documents CVD risk 

factors and measures of subclinical disease in 

approximately 40 extended Alaska Native families. 

Identifies and characterizes genes that contribute to 

CVD.

Several investigator-initiated epidemiological studies 

are examining gene-environment interactions that 

increase CVD risk factors among various racial groups. 

Included among them are one comparing geneenvironment interactions in black populations in Africa, 

the Caribbean, and selected areas of the United States; 

one examining links between DNA sequence variations 

in specific genes associated with key physiological functions involved in CVD development and CVD risk factors among Japanese and Pacific Islanders; and one 

seeking to identify and map specific genes that contribute 

to CVD risk in Mexican-Americans.

A study of the etiology of atherosclerosis focusing on 

diet and oxidative mechanisms examines new risk factors 

that promote or inhibit LDL damage and inflammatory 

responses in the artery wall. Researchers are seeking to 

determine the relationship between longitudinal change 

in atherosclerosis and dietary antioxidants, antioxidant 

enzymes, and genetic polymorphisms; 43 percent of the 

participants are Hispanic.

The NHLBI supports research on the impact of adolescent lifestyle on the development of CVD. One project 

being conducted in youths, half of whom are black, is 

examining the influences of diet and exercise on adiposity and regional fat distribution and the subsequent relationship between these two factors and the development 

of CVD. Another is tracking the development of cardiovascular, behavioral, and physiological risk factors in 

Hispanic children and adolescents.

An ancillary study to the MESA is seeking to determine whether impairment of myocardial perfusion 

reserve can serve as a marker of CHD. Scientists hypothesize that impaired myocardial perfusion reserve indicates the presence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis 

and coronary microvascular disease. Developing a new 

measure of subclinical disease would enable early interventions and lifestyle modifications to prevent CHD; 50 

percent of the population will be Hispanic.

Treatment and Prevention

Many evidence-based guidelines have been developed 

for the treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases, but they are often not adopted in routine clinical 

practice. In addition, recent studies have shown substantial differences in physician decision-making for cardiac 

diagnostic and therapeutic interventions after controlling 

or adjusting for SES and reimbursement system. Differences based on race and sex have been demonstrated, but 

the reasons behind them and possible avenues for modifying them have not been articulated. In 2002, the Institute 

launched a program to identify obstacles to the implementation of national evidence-based guidelines and to 

develop effective interventions to stimulate their use. 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activites

133

Because CVD evolves over decades, early intervention 

programs to reduce multiple risk factors can aid in preventing CVD in later years. To this end, the Institute supports several investigator-initiated intervention studies 

among diverse populations. Included is a project to compare the effectiveness of a community-based intervention 

using neighborhood health care workers to a program 

that provides assistance through referral to primary care 

resources. Individuals are encouraged to lower their 

blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol level, and dietary fat 

intake; increase their physical activity; and stop smoking. 

High-risk siblings of blacks with premature coronary disease are targeted. Another project is using churches to 

promote adoption of a healthy lifestyle among blacks. 

Scientists are evaluating the effectiveness of two nutrition and exercise interventions conducted at several black 

churches in Atlanta. A third project is seeking to determine how demographic and cultural factors contribute to 

diet and sedentary practices that lead to CVD among Hispanic women in order to develop a cardiovascular intervention program tailored to this population.

Education

The NHLBI, through its education programs (see 

Chapter 2), disseminates health information to physicians, health care professionals, patients, and the public 

on ways to prevent or treat diseases within the Institute’s 

mandate. It has developed the following programs to 

combat cardiovascular health disparities among four 

major cultural/ethnic groups—blacks, Asians, Hispanics, 

and American Indians.

• National Physicians’ Network: Provides continuing 

education opportunities and treatment information 

to clinicians and other health professionals who 

provide health care to blacks. A Web-based 

interactive self-study education program for doctors 

and nurses has been developed and is being tested.

• National Asian American and Pacific Islanders 

Heart Health Outreach Project: Develops culturally 

and linguistically appropriate activities to increase 

community awareness of heart disease and its 

associated risk factors and promotes the adoption of 

heart-healthy lifestyles among a diverse Asian 

population.

• Salud para su Corazón: Disseminates information 

on CVD prevention, intervention, and treatment and 

promotes heart-healthy behaviors in Hispanic 

communities.

• Strengthening the Heartbeat of American Indian/ 

Alaska Native Communities: Develops culturally 

appropriate informational material to encourage 

heart-healthy behavior in three tribal communities.

In addition to the activities mentioned above, the Institute prepares publications on CVD prevention for minority populations. Included are:

• Improving Cardiovascular Health in African 

Americans—Package of Seven Easy-To-Read 

Booklets

• Package of Eight Easy-To-Read Booklets in Spanish 

and English on Preventing Heart Disease

• From Heart to Heart: A Bilingual Group Discussion 

Guide (includes videotape) in English and Spanish

• Bringing Heart Health to Latinos: A Guide for 

Building Community Programs

• Photonovella and CVD Prevention Workbook.

High Blood Pressure

Etiology and Pathophysiology

High blood pressure is a serious health problem that is 

especially prevalent and severe among minorities. 

Institute-initiated studies in the etiology and pathophysiology of high blood pressure include:

• Molecular Genetics of Hypertension (see Chapter 

9): Determines the etiology and pathogenesis of 

hypertension and its complications in order to 

improve diagnosis and treatment of the disease. 

Many of the subprojects have a high percentage of 

minority participation; others target blacks or 

Hispanics exclusively.

• Family Blood Pressure Program (see Chapter 9): 

Uses a collaborative network of investigators to 

identify genes associated with high blood pressure 

and to research the interactions between genetic and 

environmental determinants of hypertension in 

specific minority populations.

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated projects to examine antecedents of hypertension 

in children to determine racial differences in blood pressure regulation. Researchers are investigating relationships between cardiovascular reactivity in adolescent 

normotensive blacks and development of pathobiologic 

markers of hypertension risk (i.e., increased resting blood 

pressure, left ventricular mass, and relative wall thickness) later in life. 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activites

134

Nitric oxide (NO) is associated with blood pressure 

regulation and may influence the development of hypertension. A new study assesses the importance of vascular NO production in the regulation of cardiovascular 

responses to stress and racial and gender differences in 

this process.

Impaired sodium regulation also appears to be linked 

to the development of hypertension. Scientists are investigating various kidney proteins that regulate sodium 

reabsorption and have found associations of some 

genetic variants of these proteins with hypertensive 

blacks. Another group of scientists is investigating the 

effects of stress on salt retention and measuring 

hormonal variables known to influence sodium regulation in a population of obese and nonobese black youths. 

They are seeking to determine whether the mechanisms 

regulating sodium retention differ between the two 

groups. A third group is examining the role of sodium 

and obesity in hypertension development among blacks 

living in three different environments: Nigeria, Jamaica, 

and Chicago. 

Investigators have observed that blacks have an augmented blood pressure response to salt. A study has 

been initiated to elucidate the genetic basis and phenotypic characterization of salt-sensitive hypertension in 

blacks. 

Scientists are also examining the influence of SES on 

stress reactivity to determine if it provides a pathophysiologic link to CVD in blacks. One group is studying the 

combined influence of low SES and ethnicity on the 

development of behavioral risk factors and testing the 

extent to which they mediate associations between sociodemographic factors, stress, and cardiovascular markers 

in adolescents. Another group is assessing the relationship between early life exposure to socioeconomic stressors, such as adverse socioeconomic conditions, low 

levels of social integration, and racial discrimination, 

and development of hypertension in blacks.

The role of dietary factors, particularly macronutrients, in the etiology of high blood pressure is another 

area of investigation. Scientists are conducting epidemiologic studies among participants with diverse ethnicity, 

SES, and dietary habits in four countries to determine the 

impact of dietary components (i.e., proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, calcium, magnesium, sodium, 

potassium, antioxidants, fiber, and caffeine) on blood 

pressure.

The NHLBI supports a number of studies to identify 

genes linked to hypertension in blacks, MexicanAmericans, and whites to determine if part of the disparity in prevalence can be attributed to genetic differences 

among the groups. Genes under investigation include 

those associated with the renin-angiotensin system, the 

kallikrein-kinin system, and sodium transport.

Asians living in rural China are the focus of a project 

to identify genes associated with hypertension. By 

selecting an isolated population, researchers expect that 

the genetic factors contributing to the disorder will be 

less heterogeneous and thus more readily detected.

Hypertension associated end-stage renal disease is 

more prevalent among blacks than whites. Researchers 

are seeking to identify genes linked to this disorder 

among blacks. Once the genes are identified, they will 

serve as a genetic basis for detecting high risk individuals and developing prevention interventions and treatment strategies.

Treatment and Prevention

Identifying effective treatment strategies for various 

populations requires large-scale studies with representative populations in sufficient numbers. 

• ALLHAT (see Chapter 11): Compares the 

combined incidence of fatal CHD and nonfatal MI 

among patients receiving ACE inhibitors, calcium 

antagonists, or alpha-1-blockers and patients in a 

control group receiving a diuretic. Also, using a 

subset of these groups, determines whether 

cholesterol-lowering therapy reduces mortality in 

moderately hypercholesterolemic individuals 

compared with a control group; 32 percent of the 

participants are black and 19 percent are Hispanic. 

• PREMIER (see Chapter 9): Compares the 

effectiveness of two multicomponent lifestyle 

interventions on blood pressure control. Interventions include reduced salt intake, increased physical 

activity, moderation of alcohol intake, and weight 

loss. In addition, one of the two interventions 

includes the DASH diet; 40 percent of the 

participants are black.

Understanding racial differences in blood pressure 

control is an area of major interest for the Institute. Scientists are examining whether variation in genes of the 

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system predicts differences in blood pressure response to diuretic therapy 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activites

135

among hypertensive blacks and whites. Another group is 

focusing on variations in the ACE gene between blacks 

and whites to explain racial differences in the antihypertensive responsiveness to ACE inhibitors.

Because stress may be a major contributor to CVD 

among blacks, interventions to reduce stress, such as 

Transcendental Meditation and aerobic activities, are 

being tested in this population to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing blood pressure levels. Another intervention being evaluated involves the ability of emotional 

disclosure writing to lower blood pressure; 71 percent of 

the participants are minorities.

The NHLBI is concerned about the lack of treatment 

adherence in minorities and individuals living in poverty. 

To address this issue, it has initiated a program to evaluate innovative yet practical methods to overcome patient, 

provider, and medical systems barriers that obstruct treatment adherence among racial and ethnic minorities and 

persons living in poverty in the United States. One 

project is determining whether an electronic home monitor that can transmit vital signs from a patient’s home to a 

physician’s office can improve hypertension care among 

a black patient population. Another project is testing the 

effectiveness of a multicomponent adherence promotion 

intervention among low-income blacks. It incorporates 

individual assessment and tailored feedback to help 

patients develop behavior management skills that 

enhance consistent medication use.

Education

The NHBPEP (see Chapter 2) has developed a number 

of outreach programs to inform minority populations of 

the importance of blood pressure control. Included 

among them are a public information center accessible by 

a toll-free number that provides material on hypertension 

in English or Spanish; mini-telenovelas (Más vale prevenir que lamentar), “health moments” to reinforce CVD 

prevention for local Spanish-language television stations; 

a Spanish version of the High Blood Pressure Education 

Month Kit; and several publications for health professionals, patients, and the public. They include:

• Control de la Presión Arterial Alta: Guía Para La 

Mujer de Edad Mayor

• Controlling High Blood Pressure: A Guide for Older 

Women in English and Spanish

• Take Steps—Prevent High Blood Pressure in English 

and Spanish

• Cut Down on Salt and Sodium in English and 

Spanish

• Churches as an Avenue to High Blood Pressure 

Control 

• Working With Religious Congregations: A Guide for 

Health Professionals

• Spice Up Your Life! Eat Less Salt and Sodium

• Protect Your Heart! Prevent High Blood Pressure.

High Serum Cholesterol

Etiology

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated projects to identify genes that influence the lipoprotein profile within various racial and ethnic groups. 

Research findings could offer an explanation for differences in susceptibility to CHD found among these 

populations.

Scientists are also interested in the protective effect of 

high density lipoproteins (HDL). One study is focusing 

on isolating and characterizing native HDL species in 

order to determine their structure and function. Research 

findings could lead to new strategies to prevent and treat 

arteriosclerotic heart disease. Thirty-eight percent of the 

participants are minorities.

Variation in hepatic lipase activity is associated with 

differences in plasma concentrations of HDL and LDL 

synthesis and catabolism. Researchers are investigating 

whether ethnic differences in hepatic lipase activity are 

responsible for the well-known differences in plasma 

HDL concentrations found in blacks and whites. Genetic 

studies are being conducted on a population that is 39 

percent black.

Prevention

The NHLBI is supporting an investigator-initiated 

study among minority preschool children to track the 

long-term effectiveness of nutrition interventions on 

blood cholesterol and diet. Additional potential risk factors, such as increased blood pressure, obesity, and intention to smoke, will also be monitored.

Education

The NCEP (see Chapter 2) has prepared a number of 

publications for minority audiences. Two booklets, in 

Spanish and English, explain what Hispanic families can 

do to reduce their risk of heart attack or stroke. Cookbooks designed for minority audiences are also available; 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 12. Minority Activites

136

they contain recipes that are low in both fats, especially 

saturated fat, and cholesterol:

• Learn Your Cholesterol Number in Spanish and 

English

• Protect Your Heart—Lower Your Blood Cholesterol

in Spanish and English

• Heart-Healthy Home Cooking African American 

Style

• Delicious Heart-Healthy Latino Recipes

• Cut Down on Fat—Not on Taste in Spanish and 

English

• Be Heart Smart! Eat Foods Lower in Saturated Fat 

and Cholesterol

• Empower Yourself! Learn Your Cholesterol Number.

Obesity

Etiology 

The latest NHANES data show a continued rise in the 

proportion of Americans who are overweight and black 

women are especially at risk. To understand the reasons 

for the racial disparity among women, the Institute initiated a long-term program, the NHLBI Growth and 

Health Study (NGHS), to examine the development of 

obesity and CVD risk factors in a biracial cohort of 

young girls. The study, which ended in FY 2000, found 

black girls consumed more calories and a higher percentage of calories from fat and watched more television 

than white girls. An investigator-initiated study using 

the NGHS cohort, starting at ages 18 to 19 years, is 

examining the changes in cardiac output and total 

peripheral resistance that occur with developing obesity 

and the influence of these changes on ethnic difference 

in blood pressure regulation. Another project, using data 

from the NHGS, is examining CHD risk factors in black 

and white girls to identify genes involved in black-white 

differences in lipid metabolism and obesity. 

Pregnancy is often associated with excess weight gain 

and postpartum weight retention that can lead to obesity. 

Understanding the determinants of this weight gain and 

retention is the focus of a project being conducted within 

a predominantly black and Hispanic population of pregnant adolescents.

Prevention

The NHLBI has initiated programs to prevent obesity 

in high-risk children.

• GEMS (see Chapter 11): Tests the effectiveness of 

weight-control interventions (involving diet, 

physical activity, and psychosocial and familial 

influences) administered during the critical 

transition period from prepuberty to puberty in 

black girls at high risk for obesity.

• PATHWAYS (see Chapter 11): Tests school-based 

interventions to prevent obesity in American Indian 

elementary school children.

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies on the effectiveness of obesity prevention and control interventions among diverse populations. Black and Hispanic parents and children at Head 

Start sites are participating in a nutrition education and 

weight-control program; 70 percent of the participants 

will be minorities. 

 A school-based study involving predominately 

minority children is determining whether reduced use of 

television, videotapes, and video games prevents obesity. 

Another project with a subject population consisting of 

Asians, Hispanics, and whites is testing an integrated 

school- and community-based intervention involving 

physical activity and diet to reduce the prevalence of 

obesity. 

Black women are the subjects of a weight management program specifically tailored to their psychosocial, 

sociocultural, and health perspectives and life circumstances. A study is using data from the NHANES III to 

determine whether multiple perceptions and behaviors 

related to weight loss cluster according to sociodemographic characteristics. Its results should provide information that will contribute to the design of culturally 

sensitive intervention strategies for minorities. Blacks 

and Mexican-Americans at various SES levels constituted the major portion of the population surveyed. 

Education

The NHLBI OEI (see Chapter 2) has prepared two 

booklets on losing excess weight targeted to minorities:

• Watch Your Weight in English and Spanish

• Embrace Your Health! Lose Weight If You Are 

Overweight.
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Chapter 12. Minority Activites

137

Physical Inactivity

The Institute has initiated research on the effectiveness 

of intervention programs to encourage greater physical 

activity within selected groups. 

• TAAG (see Chapter 11): Evaluates schoolcommunity linked interventions to prevent the 

decline in physical activity in adolescent girls; 

approximately 37 percent of participants will be 

minorities.

The NHLBI supports several investigator-initiated 

studies on strategies to increase physical activity among 

minority populations. Included among them are studies 

to examine the effect of vigorous exercise on reduction of 

childhood obesity in black girls. Adolescent girls are the 

focus of a number of projects that seek to determine the 

optimal amount of exercise required for primary prevention of CHD, provide culturally relevant physical activities, enhance social support for exercise, and test the 

effects of different amounts and intensities of physical 

activity on CVD risk factors. Hispanic women and 

women with low SES and literacy skills are subjects in 

two intervention projects to encourage sustained 

increases in physical activity among sedentary and 

underserved groups. One of the projects is also seeking 

to determine the degree of generalization of activity from 

mother to husband and children. 

Education

The Institute has prepared two booklets for minorities 

on why physical activity is important and ways to 

become more physically active:

• Stay Active and Feel Better in English and Spanish

• Energize Yourself! Stay Physically Active.

Smoking

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated smoking intervention and follow-up cessation 

maintenance studies that specifically target minorities. 

Two studies are directed toward minority pregnant 

women. One of them will evaluate the effectiveness of a 

smoking cessation program for pregnant smokers delivered as part of routine care by nurses. The other will 

bring together prenatal care providers with researchers to 

assess the effectiveness of three programs to reduce 

smoking among pregnant women; blacks and Hispanics 

will make up a significant portion of the participants.

Investigators are evaluating the effectiveness of two 

smoking cessation programs for smokers who seek treatment at the hospital emergency department. One study 

involves patients who suffer from acute respiratory illness; approximately 35 percent are minorities. The other 

targets Chinese-American patients hospitalized with 

CVD, pulmonary disease, or diabetes mellitus.

Other projects being supported include a tracking 

study of minority youths to assess the extent of smoking 

onset and cessation, identify determinants of smoking 

onset, and determine predictors of cessation; a study of 

elderly smokers—40 percent minority—to evaluate the 

effectiveness of three smoking cessation strategies; and 

an intervention study tailored to an underserved population at risk for smoking relapse, smoking onset, and 

smokeless tobacco use.

Education

The Institute has written two booklets on smoking cessation for minorities:

• Kick the Smoking Habit in English and Spanish

• Refresh Yourself! Stop Smoking.

Psychosocial Factors

The NHLBI has initiated research on the impact of 

depression, anxiety, and lack of social support on prognosis after a CHD event.

• ENRICHD (see Chapter 11): Determines the effects 

of psychosocial interventions on morbidity and 

mortality in post-MI patients who are depressed and 

socially isolated and/or who perceive themselves as 

lacking support from family and friends; 35 percent 

of the participants are minorities.

The Institute also supports investigator-initiated 

research on the role of race and ethnicity, psychosocial 

and environmental factors, and low SES in the development of CHD. Investigators are targeting their efforts on 

the role of biobehavioral factors in the etiology, pathogenesis, and course of CHD. 

Additional areas of interest include the genetic basis of 

aggression and the relationships between behavioral risk-
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promoting variables (psychosocial stress, smoking, poor 

diet, physical inactivity); presumed mediating variables 

(sympathetic nervous system activity and insulin metabolism); and CHD risk factors; 50 to 65 percent of the population within these projects are black or Hispanic.

Ischemic Heart Disease

The NHLBI supports a major multicenter program 

involving basic and clinical research on ischemic heart 

disease in blacks.

• Ischemic Heart Disease in Blacks (see Chapter 9): 

Elucidates the pathophysiological basis for excess 

morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease 

in blacks, and subsequently develops therapeutic 

strategies to address these problems. 

Diabetes

Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians have a high 

prevalence of diabetes. The NHLBI supports research to 

elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the 

relationship between diabetes mellitus and elevated risk 

for CVD. 

Several investigator-initiated studies are examining 

the genetic relationships between noninsulin-dependent 

diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and atherosclerosis. They 

include a study among two sets of Hispanic families with 

NIDDM, one with CHD and one without; a study in 

Mexican Americans to determine common genes linking 

insulin resistance and coronary artery disease; a project 

in Japanese-American families to characterize the 

genetic epidemiology of CHD risk factors (high LDL, 

risk factors that characterize the insulin resistance syndrome and NIDDM, and lipoprotein(a) levels and apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes); and a project in blacks and 

Hispanics to examine genetic determinants of insulin 

resistance and visceral adiposity as intermediate components in the pathways that lead to Type 2 diabetes and 

atherosclerosis.

In addition, the Institute supports research on the role 

of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in the development of vascular disease. A study in American Indians 

with NIDDM is seeking to elucidate these biological 

processes and their interaction in the acceleration of 

atherogenesis. A project in a diverse diabetic patient 

population of blacks, whites, and Hispanics with and 

without carotid atherosclerosis is seeking to understand 

the atherogenicity of hypertriglyceridemia in diabetes by 

focusing on the size and number of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.

Hypertension and diabetes are major contributors to 

CVD and occur disproportionately in blacks. In particular, black women seem to have earlier disease onset and 

poorer outcomes. Scientists are investigating the link 

between hypertension and Type 2 diabetes and will 

determine if the relative excess of androgen found in 

black women contributes to an accelerated disease pathway. Specifically, they are seeking to determine whether 

insulin resistance, excess androgen, and endothelial dysfunction contribute to accelerated vascular injury in 

blacks.

Other investigator-initiated studies on diabetes and 

CVD risk among minority populations include an epidemiologic survey to compare the prevalence of diabetes 

and CVD risk factors among native Mexicans and 

Mexican-Americans and a study among blacks, whites, 

and Hispanics with existing insulin resistance, including 

impaired glucose tolerance and NIDDM, to define dietary 

factors that may contribute to elevated risk for CVD.

Treatment

The NHLBI supports clinical trials to determine the 

benefits of various strategies to reduce CVD among diabetics or treat patients with coronary artery disease and 

diabetes.

• ACCORD (see Chapter 11): Evaluates the benefits 

of different therapies to reduce CVD in adult-onset 

diabetes; 33 percent of the participants are 

minorities.

• BARI 2D (see Chapter 11): Evaluates whether 

urgent revascularization offers an advantage over 

medical therapy in patients with coronary artery 

disease and diabetes. In addition, for a given level 

of glycemic control, determines if insulin-providing 

drugs offer advantages or risks compared to insulinsensitizers (drugs that enhance insulin action); 33 

percent of the participants will be from minority 

populations. 

Lung Diseases

The NHLBI supports research on a number of lung 

diseases, such as asthma, sarcoidosis, and TB, that disproportionately affect minorities. The following section 
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Chapter 12. Minority Activites

139

illustrates research to address health disparities in lung 

diseases. 

Asthma

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by 

inflammation of the airways. Various genetic and environmental factors contribute to the severity of symptoms. 

The Institute has launched a collaborative program to 

investigate the mechanistic basis for severe asthma and to 

determine how it differs from mild-to-moderate asthma.

The NHLBI is supporting a number of investigatorinitiated projects on the etiology and pathophysiology of 

asthma. Two studies are using genomic screening to 

search for the genetic basis of asthma, one in a large sample of Asian siblings who are already known to differ 

widely in their airway responsiveness (sensitivity to histamine) and lung function and another in a homogeneous 

Hispanic population in Costa Rica. Other projects are 

focusing on understanding the mechanisms by which 

environmental factors trigger the onset of asthma. One 

study is investigating the role of viruses in the exacerbation of asthma; 50 percent of the participants are minorities. Another is examining how pulmonary infection 

caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae exacerbates asthma 

and prolongs abnormalities in lung function; 40 percent 

of the participants are minority. A third study is seeking 

to understand the role of gene-environment interactions 

in the development of immune responses in a pediatric 

population that is genetically predisposed to asthma; 40 

percent of the participants are Hispanic.

Occupational or environmental induced asthma is a 

major problem, especially among low-income, urban 

blacks and Hispanics. The NHLBI is supporting a project 

to examine work-related asthma in such a population.

Circadian change in airway function is an important 

aspect of asthma, as more than 70 percent of deaths and 

80 percent of respiratory arrests occur during sleep. 

Focusing on nocturnal asthma, researchers are investigating the mechanisms that cause the changes in airway 

function that lead to exacerbation of symptoms; 36 percent of the participants are minority.

Treatment and Control

The Institute has initiated research to identify optimal 

drug strategies for treatment and management of asthma. 

Because the disorder disproportionately affects minority 

children, it is important for them to be well represented in 

clinical trials.

• ACRN (see Chapter 9): Establishes an interactive 

network of asthma clinical research groups to 

conduct studies of new therapies for asthma and 

disseminate findings to the practicing community. 

Overall, 37 percent of the participants are from 

minority populations.

• CAMP (see Chapter 11): Determined that inhaled 

corticosteroids are safe and effective for long-term 

treatment of children with mild-to-moderate asthma. 

The therapy proved more effective than nonsteroidal 

anti-inflammatory medication and significantly 

reduced airway hyperresponsiveness. The only 

side-effect was a transient slowing in growth rate 

during the first year of treatment; 31 percent of the 

participants were minorities.

• CARE (see Chapter 11): Establishes a network of 

pediatric clinical care centers to determine optimal 

treatment and management strategies for children 

with asthma. The study will attempt to customize 

therapy based on specific asthma phenotypes and 

genotypes; 30 percent of the population will be 

minorities.

• Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities (see 

Chapter 9): Establishes partnerships between 

minority-serving institutions and research-intensive 

institutions to conduct studies on the causes of and 

corrections for disparities in asthma among racial/

ethnic, low SES, and other groups. Reciprocal 

training is encouraged to ensure culturally sensitive 

projects.

The Institute is also supporting an investigatorinitiated study on the effect of steroids on enhanced 

alpha-adrenergic vascular responsiveness in asthma; 

77 percent of the participants are minority.

Translational Activities

Ensuring full use of modern asthma treatment strategies is an important goal of the NHLBI. The Institute 

supports a number of investigator-initiated projects to 

evaluate the effectiveness of various strategies to control 

asthma. One study, conducted in black communities in 

Baltimore, is examining the effectiveness of two asthma 

interventions in reducing emergency room visits, improving adherence to medication schedules, and altering 

asthma morbidity. One strategy provides assistance to 

families in accessing medical care; the other combines 
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Chapter 12. Minority Activites

140

this assistance with a family intervention to encourage 

consistent use of asthma medication. Another study 

examines whether shared decision-making between 

patient and physician in choosing asthma therapy 

improves adherence; 82 percent of the participants are 

minority.

A New York City-based study is establishing a collaboration between school nurses and primary care physicians to form a network of care focused on prevention of 

asthma attacks. The project seeks to identify school children with asthma and work with their families and physicians to develop an asthma management plan that 

includes supervision of drug treatment at school. The 

project is referring children who lack continuing care to 

physicians who follow the NAEPP Guidelines.

In San Diego, scientists are evaluating an intervention 

project to reduce tobacco-related morbidity among low 

SES Hispanic children with asthma. By collaborating 

with Hispanic counselors, researchers have developed a 

behavioral program that seeks to reduce environmental 

tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in children with asthma. 

In Ohio, investigators are testing the effects of reducing indoor ETS on asthma symptoms, pulmonary function, airway inflammation, and health services use; 44 

percent of the participants are minorities. 

Another ETS intervention program is being tested 

among predominately low SES black and Hispanic children in Los Angeles. Researchers are evaluating the 

effectiveness of two low-cost interventions (one involving counseling and booster telephone calls, and the other 

involving a video and household reminder kit) to reduce 

asthma morbidity. 

In St. Louis, a randomized controlled trial is being 

conducted among young black children recruited at the 

time of an emergency department visit for asthma exacerbation. Investigators are testing the effectiveness of an 

intervention strategy that includes case management, 

telephone contacts, and a monetary incentive to increase 

follow-up visits to primary care providers.

Education

The NAEPP (see Chapter 2) has developed easy-toread material on asthma treatment and control directed to 

audiences with low literacy:

• Facts About Controlling Your Asthma

• El asthma: cómo controlar esta enfermedad.

Chronic Lung Disease

The NHLBI supports research on prevention of 

chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm infants.

• Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Prevention of Chronic 

Lung Disease (see Chapter 9): Determines if lowdose inhaled NO will reduce CLD in premature 

newborns (gestational age less than 34 weeks and 

birth weight between 500 and 1250 grams at birth) 

with respiratory failure that required mechanical 

ventilation in the first 48 hours of life; 27 percent of 

the infants will be from minority populations.

• Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic Lung 

Disease (see Chapter 9): Investigates whether lowdose inhaled NO administered to preterm infants 

between 500 and 1250 grams birth weight who 

continue to require mechanical ventilation at 10 

days of age increases survival without CLD at 36 

weeks postmenstrual age; 55 percent of the infants 

will be from minority populations. 

Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown 

etiology that affects the lungs. Institute-initiated 

research directed towards understanding the disproportionate prevalence of sarcoidosis among blacks and 

women include:

• ACCESS (see Chapter 10): Assesses the role of 

environmental and familial factors in the etiology of 

sarcoidosis; 43.5 percent of the study participants 

are minorities.

• Sarcoidosis Genetic Linkage Consortium (see 

Chapter 9): Identifies genes linked to sarcoidosis 

susceptibility and determines how they interact with 

environmental risk factors to cause sarcoidosis; 100 

percent of the participants are black. 

Investigator-initiated studies on the causes of sarcoidosis include a study to identify genes linked to sarcoidosis susceptibility in blacks and to determine if 

hereditary susceptibility predisposes blacks to sarcoidosis and a project to elucidate the mechanisms involved in 

the immunologic and inflammatory processes that ultimately lead to end-stage fibrosis in progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis; 50 percent of the participants are black.
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Chapter 12. Minority Activites

141

Sleep Disorders

The NHLBI supports research on the etiology, pathophysiology, and consequences of sleep-disordered 

breathing (SDB), a condition characterized by repetitive 

interruptions in breathing. Sleep apnea, a common disorder that disproportionately affects blacks, is associated 

with an increased risk of CVD, and is particularly prevalent in heart failure patients. In 2002, the Institute initiated a program to develop new approaches to measure 

the interrelationship between sleep disorders and heart, 

lung, and blood diseases. One study will examine the 

interrelationship between sleep apnea and heart failure 

and the mechanisms leading to cardiovascular stress 

when the two occur together.

The Institute also supports a wide spectrum of 

investigator-initiated projects to elucidate cardiovascular 

and other health consequences of SDB. Ongoing studies 

of SDB in various community settings are assessing its 

health risks within specific ethnic populations, including 

African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and American 

Indians. Characterization of how SDB occurs within 

family groups is helping to identify potential genetic risk 

factors that may allow early identification and treatment 

of high risk individuals. 

Treatment strategies for SDB are another area of interest. A multisite clinical trial initiated in 2002 will determine whether continuous positive airway pressure is an 

effective treatment for excessive daytime sleepiness and 

cognitive impairment associated with moderate-tosevere SDB; 30 percent of the participants are minority. 

Tuberculosis

Since 1993, the NHLBI has funded five annual competitions for Tuberculosis Academic Awards (TBAAs). 

The broad goal of the TBAA program is to improve prevention, management, and control of TB by supporting 

increased opportunities for health-care practitioners to 

learn modern principles and practices. The objectives 

are to promote coordinated clinical approaches to the 

care of patients of various ethnic backgrounds who have 

TB; raise awareness among health care providers of 

unique ethnic cultural, and socioeconomic dimensions of 

TB; focus educational efforts in areas where TB incidence is persistently high (e.g., immigrant communities, 

refugee centers, homeless shelters, correctional facilities); promote development of minority faculty capable 

of providing appropriate instruction in diagnosis and 

management of TB; and enhance TB education programs 

in minority medical schools and in the communities they 

serve. A total of 27 awards have been made since inception; the final cycle of the award ended in June 2002.

In 2001, the Institute initiated a program on Genetic 

Aspects of Tuberculosis in the Lung. Four of the 10 

awards were given to institutions conducting genetic 

studies in humans to characterize genes associated with 

TB susceptibility and host immune responses to infection. Major minority participation is expected.

The NHLBI supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies focused on understanding the relationship of the immune system to TB. Most of the patients 

are from minority populations with HIV. One group is 

seeking to identify the correlates of protective immunity 

in a Mexican population in order to aid development of 

anti-TB vaccines. Another group will conduct a Phase I 

safety trial on a vaccine with a patient population consisting of 85 percent minorities. A third group is examining the role of interferon-gamma in the pathogenesis of 

TB among Hispanics with and without HIV. A fourth 

group is identifying and characterizing host factors that 

predispose Asians to develop TB. 

The NHLBI also supports investigator-initiated 

research to improve TB control among minority populations. Two projects are evaluating educational strategies 

to improve adherence to medication regimes and regular 

clinic visits among TB-infected adolescents from minority communities in California. The program, based in 

San Diego, is specifically directed towards Hispanic adolescents; the Los Angeles program encompasses Hispanic and Asian-American communities. A third project 

has been effective in administering TB prophylaxis to a 

mostly homeless population in San Francisco. In Chicago, investigators are testing a TB community-outreach 

intervention that is modeled after a program previously 

developed for AIDS prevention among injection-drug 

users. Another study, located in the Harlem community 

of New York City, is comparing several methods of 

ensuring completion of treatment among inner-city TB 

patients. An extension of this research has been funded 

to test a new strategy to promote adherence to therapy.
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Blood Diseases

Sickle Cell Disease

SCD affects approximately 72,000 people in the 

United States, most of whom trace their ancestry to 

Africa. The disease occurs in about 1 in every 500 blacks 

born in the United States.

Since 1972, the NHLBI has supported an extensive 

research program to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of SCD and uncover better approaches for its 

diagnosis and treatment and for prevention of complications. Recently, the Institute launched a program to identify and characterize modifier genes responsible for 

variations in clinical progression and outcome of SCD.

• Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers Program (see 

Chapter 9): Provides a multidisciplinary research 

approach to expedite development and application 

of new knowledge for improved diagnosis and 

treatment of SCD and prevention of its 

complications.

The Institute also supports a large portfolio of 

investigator-initiated basic and clinical research in SCD.

Basic Research

The NHLBI sponsors research into gene therapy as a 

possible approach to finding a cure for all SCD patients. 

This technically difficult work is being pursued actively 

by researchers around the country.

Animal models of SCD are being developed and used to 

evaluate new drugs and to study gene regulation, gene 

therapy, blood flow, and pathogenic mechanisms. In 2001 

scientists corrected SCD in mice using gene therapy.

The NHLBI Reference Laboratory to Evaluate Therapies for SCD is using a battery of standardized tests for 

preclinical evaluation of potential new therapeutic agents 

for SCD.

Over the past few years, support has increased for the 

idea that SCD should be viewed as a disease of the blood 

vessels as well as a disease of abnormal hemoglobin. 

Researchers are investigating the effects of blood cells on 

the endothelium (the lining of blood vessels) in SCD 

patients, with the expectation that the findings may ultimately point the way to new therapies.

Clinical Research

Since 1991, the Multicenter Transplantation Study has 

been evaluating the use of bone marrow transplantation for 

children with SCD who have HLA-matched sibling 

donors. Researchers are currently exploring a mixedchimerism protocol for children that would allow a lesstoxic regimen than the one currently used before a transplant. The Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and 

Transplantation study is collecting sibling-donor cord 

blood in families that currently have a child with sickle cell 

anemia. The cord blood will be transplanted into affected 

children. The Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle 

Cell Anemia study is investigating, in a minority population, a transplant procedure that significantly reduces the 

toxicity of hematopoietic cell transplantation, yet retains 

its therapeutic benefit. The novel approach relies upon the 

ability of the host to accept and maintain the cells from the 

donor under conditions achieved by combining less toxic, 

nonmyeloablative, pretransplant therapy with modulated 

postgrafting immunosuppression to control host-versusgraft and graft-versus-host reactions.

An infrastructure for collaboration among U.S. centers 

treating, transplanting, and collecting data on sickle cell 

anemic patients has been established. 

The Cord Blood Transplantation Study has collected 

umbilical cord blood from a diverse population for transplantation; approximately 15 percent have come from 

blacks, 8 percent from Asian/Pacific Islanders, 14 percent from Hispanics, and 5 percent from mixed/other ethnicity. Minorities needing cord blood for transplantation 

should find a match more easily from this diverse pool.

The Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) in 

Sickle Cell Anemia Adult Follow-up is continuing to 

observe the patient cohort that participated in the adult 

hydroxyurea clinical trial that ended successfully in 

1995. In addition to addressing issues of long-term 

safety, the researchers are also looking a the long-term 

efficacy of hydroxyurea in maintaining elevated fetal 

hemoglobin levels.

The Pediatric Hydroxyurea Study Group was established in 1994 to test the safety and efficacy of hydroxyurea use in children and infants with SCD. It showed that 

children respond to the medication in a manner similar to 

adults; fetal hemoglobin levels and total hemoglobin 

increased while complications associated with sickle cell 

anemia decreased. In addition, the study demonstrated 
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Chapter 12. Minority Activites

143

that the drug does not adversely affect growth and development between ages 5 and 15 years. To study the effectiveness of hydroxyurea in preventing onset of chronic 

organ damage in young children with end-stage sickle 

cell anemia, the NHLBI began the Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG) in September 2000. The trial will recruit 200 children between the 

ages of 6 months and 2 years with the disorder.

Several investigators are examining the unusual features of basal nutrient metabolism and resting energy 

expenditure that have been found in children and adults 

with SCD. The studies may improve understanding of 

impaired growth seen in children with SCD and suggest 

changes in nutritional intake that may be required by 

both children and adults with SCD.

The STOP II trial was initiated in 2000 to take advantage of the findings from the original STOP trial, which 

showed that periodic blood transfusions can reduce the 

incidence of stroke in high-risk patients identified with 

transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Investigators are seeking to optimize the treatment in a minority pediatric population.

The role of daily stress, mood, and coping processes 

related to SCD pain is being studied to determine 

whether stress and negative mood are associated with 

more frequent and severe pain. If a causal link is established, researchers will seek to develop an effective pain 

management intervention that can improve the quality of 

life for SCD patients. 

Education

The NHLBI has developed a number of publications 

on SCD that target minorities: 

• Datos Sobre La Anemia Falciforme (Facts About 

Sickle Cell Anemia) 

• Facts About Sickle Cell Anemia

• Management and Therapy of Sickle Cell Disease.

Cooley’s Anemia

Cooley’s anemia is an inherited disorder of the red 

blood cell that affects primarily people of Mediterranean, 

African, Southeast Asian, Chinese, and Asiatic Indian 

origin.

NHLBI research in Cooley’s anemia includes efforts 

to develop oral chelators to remove the iron overload 

caused by repetitive transfusion therapy, exploration of 

hormone therapy for patients surviving into their teens, 

testing of drugs to enhance fetal hemoglobin production 

(hydroxyurea and butyrate), investigation of gene therapy approaches to cure the disease, prevention of bone 

disease, optimum treatment of hepatitis, treatment of 

heart disease and iron overload, noninvasive ways of 

measuring iron burden, development of in utero therapies to treat or cure affected fetuses, and studies to 

improve the safety of the Nation’s blood supply. 

In FY 2000, the Institute initiated a program to establish a network of clinical research centers capable of performing clinical trials of promising new therapeutic 

agents.

• Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research 

Network (see Chapter 11): Establishes a network of 

clinical centers to study the effectiveness of specific 

interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality 

from the disorder. 

Women’s Health Initiative

Coronary heart disease, cancer, and osteoporosis are 

the most common causes of death, disability, and 

impaired quality of life in postmenopausal women. The 

WHI (see Chapters 2 and 11) seeks to answer questions 

on benefits and risks of HRT, changes in dietary patterns, 

and calcium/vitamin D supplements in disease prevention. Several of the centers have recruited primarily 

minority populations: blacks, Hispanics, Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders, and American Indians.

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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

145

NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

* National Research Service Awards (NRSA).

Note: Numbers of awards and trainees may not agree with other tables due to the method of counting supplements.

13. Research Training and Career 

Development Programs

Dollars in Millions

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship

Programs (NRSA)*

Number of Trainees

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

146

Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2002

* Excludes assessment of $1,584,000.

Number of 

Awards 

Obligated

Trainees 

(Full-time 

Training 

Positions) Direct Cost

Indirect 

Cost Total Cost

Percent of 

Total NHLBI 

Training 

Program 

Dollars

Fellowship Programs

Predoctoral Fellowship Award (F31) 18 18 $ 478,255 $ — $ 478,255 0.6%

Individual NRSA (F32) 194 194 8,887,002 — 8,887,002 11.5

Senior Fellowships NRSA (F33) 2 2 84,278 — 84,278 0.1

Subtotal, Fellowships 214 214 9,449,535 9,449,535 12.2

Graduate Training Programs

Institutional NRSA (T32) 207 1,482 58,217,132 4,783,012 62,998,662 81.2

Minority Institutional NRSA (T32) 5 39 1,037,480 54,714 1,092,194 1.4

Off-Quarter Professional Student 

Training NRSA (T34, T35)

22 179 1,827,315 159,792 1,987,107 2.6

Short-Term Training for Minority 

Students (T35M)

30 30 1,866,916 190,420 2,057,336 2.6

Subtotal, Training Grants 264 1,730 62,945,988 5,174,101 68,135,299* 87.8

Total, Training Programs 470 1,944 $72,758,615 $5,174,101 $77,584,834* 100%
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

147

History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

A Excludes Assessment of $466,000.

B Excludes Assessment of $888,000.

C Excludes Assessment of $864,000.

D Excludes Assessment of $964,000.

E Excludes Assessment of $982,000.

F Excludes Assessment of $1,004,000.

G Excludes Assessment of $1,032,000.

H Excludes Assessment of $1,216,000.

I Excludes Assessment of $1,280,000.

J Excludes Assessment of $1,424,000.

K Excludes Assessment of $1,584,000.

Dollars (Thousands)

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Fellowship Programs

Predoctoral Fellowship 

Award (F31)

$ 55 $ 97 $ 199 $ 304 $ 551 $ 388 $ 466 $ 346 $ 248 $ 264 $ 478

Individual NRSA (F32) 6,041 5,867 6,853 6,651 6,483 6,281 6,969 8,807 8,517 8,515 8,887

Senior Fellowships 

NRSA (F33)

141 141 99 99 233 179 125 90 92 147 84

Intramural NRSA (F35) 146 70 69 49 — — — — — — —

Subtotal, Fellowships 6,383 6,175 7,220 7,103 7,267 6,848 7,560 9,243 8,857 8,926 9,449

Graduate Training 

Programs

Institutional NRSA 

(T32)

37,355A 34,846B 36,534C 36,270D 36,718E 38,253F 37,904G 45,551H 50,507I 58,516J 62,999K

Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32)

684 35 735 982 679 898 706 901 1,167 996 1,092

Off-Quarter 

Professional Student 

Training NRSA (T34, 

T35)

1,106 1,744 1,132 951 1,001 1,216 1,435 1,384 966 1,974 1,987

MARC (T36) 22 15 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 —

Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students 

(T35M)

717 573 1,616 1,760 1,834 1,612 1,964 2,494 2,570 1,877 2,057

Subtotal, Training 

Grants

39,884 37,213 40,022 39,968 40,237 41,984 42,014 50,335 55,215 63,368 68,135

Total, Training 

Programs

$46,267A $43,388B $47,242C $47,071D $47,504E $48,832F $49,574G $59,578H $64,072I $72,294J $77,585K
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148

Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Number of Positions

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Fellowship Programs

Predoctoral Fellowship Award 

(F31)

3 4 7 13 21 15 19 13 11 12 18

Individual NRSA (F32) 209 200 229 222 220 210 225 237 225 208 194

Senior Fellowships NRSA 

(F33)

44447542232

Intramural NRSA (F35) 5 3 2 2 ———————

Subtotal, Fellowships 221 211 242 241 248 230 248 252 238 223 214

Graduate Training Programs

Institutional NRSA (T32) 1,240 1,124 1,237 1,201 1,216 1,179 1,423 1,185 1368 1,425 1,482

Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32)

24 1 30 47 30 43 52 53 48 43 39

Off-Quarter Professional 

Student Training NRSA 

(T34, T35)

102 181 100 76 78 68 — — 51 109 179

Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students (T35M)

53 40 102 125 113 75 — — 136 93 30

Subtotal, Training Grants 1,419 1,346 1,469 1,449 1,437 1,365 1,475 1,238 1,603 1,670 1,730

Total, Training Positions 1,640 1,557 1,711 1,690 1,685 1,595 1,723 1,490 1,841 1,893 1,944
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149

NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K01)

— — — — — 5 19 30 29 44 54

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research 

Scientist Development Award (K01)

— — — — — 1 — — 11 9 2

Independent Scientist Award (K02) — — — — 3 8 14 18 27 34 33

Research Career Development Award (K04) 50 40 34 30 25 18 10 6 1 — —

Research Career Award (K06) 7 6 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2

Preventive Cardiology Academic Award (K07) 18 14 11 7 — — — — — — —

Preventive Pulmonary Academic Award (K07) 14 11 8 4 — — — — — — —

Transfusion Medicine Academic Award (K07) 14 12 9 5 2 ——————

Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular Disease Academic 

Award (K07)

6 11 11 15 11 9 3 3 1 — —

Asthma Academic Award (K07) — 3 6 9 9 9 6 3 — — —

Tuberculosis Academic Award (K07) — 6 12 15 19 23 20 13 9 5 —

Sleep Academic Award (K07) — — — — 8 12 20 20 20 12 8

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) — — — — — — 10 10 19 19 19

Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08) 152 180 208 222 254 267 278 262 257 241 236

Physician Scientist Award (K11) 79 60 46 22 12 — — — — — —

Minority School Faculty Development Award (K14) 18 15 12 11 15 9 — — 4 1 —

Research Development Award for Minority 

Faculty (K14)

— — 13 28 36 34 37 22 7 — —

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career 

Development Award (K23)

— — — — — — — 13 36 58 90

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24)

— — — — — — — 11 20 27 37

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development 

Award (K25)

————————— 2 7

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (K30) — — — — — — — 9 16 55 55

Total, Research Career Programs 358 358 373 371 397 398 420 422 459 509 543
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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

150

NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award for Minority 

Faculty (K01)

$ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 460 $ 1,723 $ 2,738 $ 3,650 $ 5,556 $ 5,711

Minority Institution Faculty 

Mentored Research Scientist 

Award (K01)

— — — — — 106 101 905 1,300 1,143 1,703

Independent Scientist Award (K02) — — — — 207 545 933 1,548 2,350 3,202 3,130

Research Career Development 

Award (K04)

3,221 2,595 2,224 2,006 1,693 1,226 684 568 69 — —

Research Career Award (K06) 239 194 102 104 105 103 103 70 70 70 69

Preventive Cardiology Academic 

Award (K07)

2,376 1,801 1,397 957 — — — — — — —

Preventive Pulmonary Academic 

Award (K07)

1,332 1,040 726 309 — — — — — — —

Transfusion Medicine Academic 

Award (K07)

1,452 1,155 868 485 326 — — — — — —

Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular 

Diseases Academic Award (K07)

894 1,820 1,863 2,295 1,715 1,415 386 423 113 — —

Asthma Academic Award (K07) — 233 502 749 740 764 509 248 — — —

Tuberculosis Academic Award (K07) — 454 906 1,155 1,496 1,831 1,566 1,161 745 396 —

Sleep Academic Award (K07) — — — — 699 1,027 1,734 1,736 1,760 1,081 722

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) — — — — — — 1,491 1,480 2,829 2,869 2,906

Clinical Investigator Development 

Award (K08)

11,733 14,125 16,635 18,090 21,093 22,238 23,122 29,741 30,189 29,263 29,295

Physician Scientist Award (K11) 6,598 5,110 3,993 1,903 1,023 — — — — — —

Minority School Faculty 

Development Award (K14)

1,265 1,081 893 810 1,158 729 618 445 862 98 —

Research Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K14)

— — 1,289 2,812 3,607 3,468 3,099 2,093 393 — —

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research 

Career Development Award (K23)

— — — — — — — 1,687 4,619 7,570 11,909

Midcareer Investigator Award in 

Patient-Oriented Research (K24)

— — — — — — — 1,054 2,072 2,877 4,058

Mentored Quantitative Research 

Career Development Award (K25)

— — — — — — — — — 272 921

Clinical Research Curriculum Award 

(K30)

— — — — — — — 1,772 3,163 3,073 3,090

Total, Research Career Program 

Obligations

$29,110 $29,608 $31,398 $31,675 $33,862 $33,912 $36,069 $47,670 $54,184 $57,470 $63,514
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151

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

MARC Summer Research Training 

Program

$ 20 $ 48 $ 31 $ 28 $ 32 $ 17 $ — $ 10 $ 3,873 $ 20 $ 15

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award for 

Minority Faculty

— — — — — 460 1,723 2,738 3,650 5,556 5,711

MARC — — — — 5 5 5 — 5 5 —

Minority Biomedical Research 

Support (MBRS)

2,672 2,540 2,433 2,313 2,503 2,722 2,978 3,423 3,873 3,165 2,793

Minority Institution Faculty 

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award

— — — — — 106 101 905 1,300 1,143 1,703

Minority Institution Research 

Training Program

684 608 735 982 679 898 706 901 1,167 996 1,092

Minority Predoctoral Fellowship 55 114 199 304 551 388 436 345 248 264 278

Minority Research Supplements 

Program

5,368 6,273 6,754 7,264 6,714 7,070 7,043 7,440 8,304 8,587 9,822

Minority School Faculty 

Development Award

1,265 1,081 893 810 1,158 729 618 445 862 98 —

Reentry Supplements — — — — 140 152 249 106 176 384 —

Research Development Award for 

Minority Faculty

— — 1,289 2,812 3,607 3,468 3,099 2,093 393 — —

Short-Term Training for Minority 

Students

717 573 1,616 1,760 1,834 1,612 1,964 2,494 2,570 1,876 2,057

Total, Minority Programs $10,781 $11,237 $13,950 $16,273 $17,223 $17,627 $18,922 $20,900 $22,548 $22,094 $23,471

Dollars in Millions

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

152

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type: 

Fiscal Years 1992–2002

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1992–2002

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Minority Supplements

Investigator 45 51 46 49 42 38 31 32 33 33 46

Postdoctoral 25 29 31 39 49 47 50 47 42 41 33

Graduate 37 45 55 42 37 36 48 53 47 43 45

Undergraduate 22 20 35 27 12 23 25 17 19 12 17

High School 1 5 15 10 8 9 11 6 — 3 3

Post-Master/PostBaccalaureate—————————— 2

Reentry Supplements — — — — 2 2 3 2 1 3—

Disability Supplements — — 843321545

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

130 150 182 167 150 155 168 157 142 135 151

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Minority Supplements

Investigator $2,959 $3,270 $2,894 $3,319 $2,552 $2,412 $2,185 $2,331 $3,262 $3,430 $5,046

Postdoctoral 1,392 1,574 1,882 2,153 2,899 3,172 3,032 3,110 3,053 3,086 2,554

Graduate 843 1,263 1,585 1,402 1,116 1,181 1,527 1,806 1,791 1,818 1,864

Undergraduate 171 150 332 351 120 273 246 166 198 235 260

High School 3 16 61 40 27 32 53 27 — 18 33

Post-Master/PostBaccalaureate— — — — — — — — — — 65

Reentry Supplements — — — — 140 152 249 106 176 384 —

Disability Supplements — — 357 277 194 165 96 72 282 187 474

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

$5,368 $6,273 $7,111 $7,542 $7,048 $7,387 $7,388 $7,618 $8,762 $9,158 $10,926
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

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153

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards:

Fiscal Year 2002

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2002

Dollars in Millions

$67.0 to 265.0 (9)

$38.0 to 66.9 (10)

$16.0 to 37.9 (11)

$4.0 to 15.9 (10)

$0 to 3.9 (11)
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

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154

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2002

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Alabama

Auburn University at Auburn 5 $ 1,423,328 5 $ 1,423,328 — $ — — $ —

CFD Research Corporation 1 413,475 1 413,475 — — — —

Diversified Scientific, Inc. 1 329,611 1 329,611 — — — —

Gem Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 278,764 1 278,764 — — — —

Researchsouth, Inc. 1 98,322 1 98,322 — — — —

Tuskegee University 1 24,000 1 24,000 — — — —

University of Alabama at Birmingham 81 30,335,337 71 25,142,989 6 801,862 4 4,390,486

University of South Alabama 11 5,373,341 11 5,373,341 — — — —

Total Alabama 102 38,276,178 92 33,083,830 6 801,862 4 4,390,486

Arizona

Arete Associates — 13,025 — 13,025 — — — —

Arizona State University 4 1,096,629 4 1,096,629 — — — —

AzERx, LLC 1 95,000 1 95,000 — — — —

ImaRx Therapeutics, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Niadyne, Inc. 1 99,997 1 99,997 — — — —

University of Arizona 42 17,412,718 36 14,914,777 5 743,140 1 1,754,801

Total Arizona 49 18,817,369 43 16,319,428 5 743,140 1 1,754,801

Arkansas

Arkansas Children’s Hospital Research Institute 2 415,114 2 415,114 — — — —

University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff 1 79,713 1 79,713 — — — —

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 

Little Rock

4 918,714 4 918,714 — — — —

Total Arkansas 7 1,413,541 7 1,413,541 — — — —

California

Advanced Brain Monitoring, Inc. 2 978,318 2 978,318 — — — —

American National Red Cross, Los Angeles 1 375,992 — — — — 1 375,992

AntiCancer Inc. 1 451,736 1 451,736 — — — —

Applied Gene Technologies, Inc. 1 154,252 1 154,252 — — — —

Beckman Research Institute 1 350,000 1 350,000 — — — —

Blaufuss Multimedia 1 372,611 1 372,611 — — — —

Burnham Institute 4 1,585,085 4 1,549,500 — 35,585 — —

California Institute of Technology 3 518,638 2 468,522 1 50,116 — —

California State University, Northridge — 130,212 — 130,212 — — — —

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 9 2,962,682 8 2,769,585 — — 1 193,097

Children’s Hospital Los Angeles 9 5,468,040 9 5,468,040 — — — —

Children’s Hospital Oakland 13 7,184,368 11 6,904,738 2 279,630 — —

Children’s Hospital of Orange County 1 261,584 1 261,584 — — — —

Chronomed, Inc. 1 99,864 1 99,864 — — — —

City of Hope National Medical Center 2 1,976,139 2 1,976,139 — — — —

COR Therapeutics, Inc. 2 523,600 2 523,600 — — — —

Diagnostics for the Real World 3 381,465 3 381,465 — — — —

Fallbrook Engineering, Inc. 1 621,835 1 621,835 — — — —

Gen-Probe, Inc. 1 1,000,000 — — — — 1 1,000,000

GenStar Therapeutics 2 475,000 2 475,000 — — — —

Good Samaritan Hospital 3 487,988 3 487,988 — — — —

Harbor-UCLA Research and Education Institute 9 3,567,970 6 1,970,970 — — 3 1,597,000

Ichor Medical Systems 2 621,391 2 621,391 — — — —

Imetrx, Inc. 1 120,000 1 120,000 — — — —
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

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155

Institute of Critical Care Medicine 1 180,093 1 180,093 — — — —

InterMune Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 208,842 1 208,842 — — — —

J. David Gladstone Institutes 14 7,410,189 13 7,360,073 1 50,116 — —

Jaycor 1 310,751 1 310,751 — — — —

KAIROS Scientific Inc. 1 148,431 1 148,431 — — — —

Kaiser Foundation Hospitals 1 302,549 1 302,549 — — — —

Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 8 5,807,317 4 1,838,648 — — 4 3,968,669

La Jolla Bioengineering Institute — 576,226 — 576,226 — — — —

La Jolla Institute for Molecular Medicine 3 1,026,264 3 1,026,264 — — — —

Loma Linda University 7 1,808,816 7 1,808,816 — — — —

Magnesensors, Inc. 1 458,099 1 458,099 — — — —

Mallard Medical, Inc. 1 250,170 1 250,170 — — — —

MedicalWorks Inc. 1 497,617 1 497,617 — — — —

MicroIslet Inc. 1 103,320 1 103,320 — — — —

Northern California Institute for Research and 

Education

6 2,750,918 6 2,750,918 — — — —

Oncosis, Inc. — 1,000,000 — 1,000,000 — — — —

OPTIME Therapeutics Inc. 1 104,325 1 104,325 — — — —

Palo Alto Institute for Research and Education 1 223,200 1 223,200 — — — —

Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute 2 1,260,227 2 1,260,227 — — — —

PharmaSonics, Inc. 2 570,500 2 570,500 — — — —

Philogenesis, Inc. 1 163,350 1 163,350 — — — —

Photon Imaging, Inc. 1 101,361 1 101,361 — — — —

PhytaGenics, Inc. 1 73,771 1 73,771 — — — —

Polymer Technology Group Inc. 1 333,790 1 333,790 — — — —

Rand Corporation 1 665,975 1 665,975 — — — —

Salk Institute for Biological Studies 2 948,409 2 948,409 — — — —

San Diego State University 6 3,235,702 6 3,235,702 — — — —

Sangart, Inc. 1 354,234 1 354,234 — — — —

Scripps Research Institute 45 22,961,679 40 21,973,027 5 988,652 — —

Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center 2 878,175 2 878,175 — — — —

SRI International 1 361,344 1 361,344 — — — —

Stanford University 67 30,473,010 53 24,711,267 12 1,404,981 2 4,356,762

Torrey Pines Institute/Molecular Studies 1 288,134 1 288,134 — — — —

Twenty First Century Medicine, Inc. 1 164,852 1 164,852 — — — —

University of California, Berkeley 9 2,841,340 7 2,626,203 2 215,137 — —

University of California, Davis 26 9,079,778 23 7,238,012 1 151,733 2 1,690,033

University of California, Irvine 16 5,339,585 12 2,866,650 2 72,177 2 2,400,758

University of California, Lawrence Berkeley 

National Laboratory

15 6,253,010 14 6,253,009 1 1 — —

University of California, Los Angeles 65 30,598,800 55 25,753,154 6 602,317 4 4,243,329

University of California, Riverside 4 1,129,958 4 1,129,958 — — — —

University of California, San Diego 88 44,241,798 76 39,091,115 9 2,462,249 3 2,688,434

University of California, San Francisco 90 38,499,392 83 35,593,839 6 1,721,024 1 1,184,529

University of California, Santa Barbara 2 451,385 2 451,385 — — — —

University of Southern California 23 8,542,356 23 8,542,356 — — — —

Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San 

Diego

— 99,999 — 99,999 — — — —

WebSciences International 1 370,125 1 370,125 — — — —

Total California 596 264,117,936 524 232,385,615 48 8,033,718 24 23,698,603

Colorado

Aerophase, Inc. 1 382,500 1 382,500 — — — —

Colorado State University 3 834,000 2 795,698 1 38,302 — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

156

Keystone Symposia 2 40,000 2 40,000 — — — —

Myogen, Inc. 1 576,544 1 576,544 — — — —

National Jewish Medical and Research Center 46 17,854,660 39 17,486,760 5 225,600 2 142,300

Rose Biomedical Development Corporation 1 99,495 1 99,495 — — — —

University of Colorado at Boulder 10 1,864,007 5 1,513,436 5 350,571 — —

University of Colorado Health Sciences Center 62 21,557,832 55 19,765,291 7 1,792,541 — —

Total Colorado 126 43,209,038 106 40,659,724 18 2,407,014 2 142,300

Connecticut

John B. Pierce Laboratory, Inc. 5 1,269,090 4 1,230,770 1 38,320 — —

MGS Research Inc. 1 704,862 1 704,862 — — — —

Standing Stone, Inc. 1 88,043 1 88,043 — — — —

University of Connecticut School of Medicine 

and Dentistry

15 6,035,292 15 6,035,292 — — — —

University of Connecticut, Storrs 2 232,516 1 178,750 1 53,766 — —

US Nanocorp, Inc. 1 320,041 1 320,041 — — — —

Wesleyan University 1 284,000 1 284,000 — — — —

Yale University 65 29,585,793 55 22,574,835 9 1,943,109 1 5,067,849

Total Connecticut 91 38,519,637 79 31,416,593 11 2,035,195 1 5,067,849

Delaware

Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children 1 121,689 1 121,689 — — — —

Compact Membrane Systems, Inc. 2 200,000 2 200,000 — — — —

University of Delaware 2 602,250 2 602,250 — — — —

Total Delaware 5 923,939 5 923,939 — — — —

District of Columbia

American Institutes for Research 1 808,873 — — — — 1 808,873

American National Red Cross 17 6,036,972 16 5,739,301 — — 1 297,671

American Registry of Pathology, Inc. 1 273,836 1 273,836 — — — —

Catholic University of America 1 153,100 1 153,100 — — — —

Children’s National Medical Center 1 427,271 1 427,271 — — — —

Children’s Research Institute 5 2,011,385 3 1,686,960 1 44,212 1 280,213

George Washington University 11 7,008,011 9 2,885,736 — — 2 4,122,275

Georgetown University 16 6,133,999 15 6,085,851 1 48,148 — —

Health Media Lab, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Healthmark Multimedia, LLC 1 116,481 1 116,481 — — — —

Howard University 4 3,511,056 2 1,171,119 — — 2 2,339,937

MedStar Research Institute 4 7,604,964 3 6,063,482 — — 1 1,541,482

Smithsonian Institution — 50,000 — 50,000 — — — —

State of the Art, Inc. 1 696,843 1 696,843 — — — —

U.S. Department of Agriculture 1 175,000 1 175,000 — — — —

U.S. Department of Energy 1 90,000 — — — — 1 90,000

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical 

Center

1 158,837 — — — — 1 158,837

Total District of Columbia 67 35,356,628 55 25,624,980 2 92,360 10 9,639,288

Florida

Alpha-1 Foundation 1 30,000 1 30,000 — — — —

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University — 320,118 — 320,118 — — — —

Florida Institute of Technology 1 243,250 1 243,250 — — — —

Florida International University — 192,326 — 192,326 — — — —

Florida State University 3 885,670 3 885,670 — — — —

Infinite Biomedical Technologies, LLC 2 789,613 2 789,613 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

157

Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach — 3,000,000 — 3,000,000 — — — —

Nanoptics, Inc. 1 709,308 1 709,308 — — — —

Nemours Children’s Clinics 1 179,455 1 179,455 — — — —

University of Central Florida 1 247,405 1 247,405 — — — —

University of Florida 39 12,821,760 35 10,969,695 3 236,264 1 1,615,801

University of Miami 15 5,434,449 12 3,479,042 1 374,919 2 1,580,488

University of Miami, Coral Gables 2 2,205,057 1 2,051,734 1 153,323 — —

University of South Florida 5 1,113,131 5 1,113,131 — — — —

Total Florida 71 28,171,542 63 24,210,747 5 764,506 3 3,196,289

Georgia

Atlanta Cardiovascular Research Institute 2 372,847 2 372,847 — — — —

Clark Atlanta University 1 131,283 1 123,723 — 7,560 — —

Emory University 65 21,581,947 61 19,723,021 3 292,409 1 1,566,517

Georgia Institute of Technology 4 1,947,374 4 1,947,374 — — — —

Georgia State University 1 348,247 1 348,247 — — — —

Medical College of Georgia 26 11,455,519 24 11,141,798 2 313,721 — —

Mercer University Macon 1 159,255 1 159,255 — — — —

Morehouse School of Medicine 8 3,541,128 7 3,333,187 1 207,941 — —

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2 755,000 — — — — 2 755,000

University of Georgia 2 400,512 2 400,512 — — — —

Total Georgia 112 40,693,112 103 37,549,964 6 821,631 3 2,321,517

Hawaii

Pacific Health Research Institute 1 903,262 1 903,262 — — — —

University of Hawaii at Hilo — 299,188 — 299,188 — — — —

University of Hawaii at Manoa 2 1,883,248 1 204,450 — — 1 1,678,798

Total Hawaii 3 3,085,698 2 1,406,900 — — 1 1,678,798

Idaho

Boise State University 1 127,508 1 127,508 — — — —

Total Idaho 1 127,508 1 127,508 — — — —

Illinois

AJ Medical Engineering 1 150,000 1 150,000 — — — —

American Academy of Pediatrics 1 484,359 1 484,359 — — — —

Biomedical Acoustics Research Company 1 353,188 1 353,188 — — — —

BioTechPlex Corporation 2 483,978 2 483,978 — — — —

Children’s Memorial Hospital, Chicago 1 98,010 1 98,010 — — — —

cue BIOtech, Inc. 1 99,888 1 99,888 — — — —

Evanston Northwestern Healthcare Research 

Institute

4 1,104,718 4 1,104,718 — — — —

Finch University of Health Sciences, Chicago 

Medical School

2 557,000 2 557,000 — — — —

Hektoen Institute for Medical Research 1 595,613 1 595,613 — — — —

Illinois Institute of Technology 2 807,754 2 807,754 — — — —

Loyola University Medical Center 20 5,908,062 18 5,852,023 2 56,039 — —

Midwestern University 1 136,720 1 136,720 — — — —

Nanosphere, Inc. 1 421,850 1 421,850 — — — —

Northwestern University, Chicago 41 13,152,303 37 10,384,584 1 52,084 3 2,715,635

Northwestern University, Evanston 10 3,044,022 9 2,825,903 1 218,119 — —

Rush-Presbyterian-St. Lukes Medical Center 11 5,524,451 10 4,290,830 — — 1 1,233,621

SloWave Inc. 1 526,236 1 526,236 — — — —

Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 1 321,749 1 321,749 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

158

Southern Illinois University School of Medicine 2 446,042 2 446,042 — — — —

University of Chicago 42 13,691,689 35 11,775,972 7 1,915,717 — —

University of Illinois at Chicago 44 15,479,564 38 14,224,463 6 1,255,101 — —

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 6 2,195,858 6 2,195,858 — — — —

Total Illinois 196 65,583,054 175 58,136,738 17 3,497,060 4 3,949,256

Indiana

Clarian Health Partners 1 212,491 1 212,491 — — — —

Focus Surgery, Inc. 1 162,683 1 162,683 — — — —

Indiana University Purdue University 

Indianapolis

51 17,798,134 46 16,782,905 5 1,015,229 — —

Indiana University, Bloomington 1 33,161 1 33,161 — — — —

Purdue University, West Lafayette 3 884,110 3 884,110 — — — —

University of Notre Dame 5 1,930,937 5 1,930,937 — — — —

Total Indiana 62 21,021,516 57 20,006,287 5 1,015,229 — —

Iowa

Iowa State University of Science and 

Technology

1 180,625 1 180,625 — — — —

Maharishi University of Management 2 785,781 2 785,781 — — — —

Medical Imaging Applications, LLC 1 378,118 1 378,118 — — — —

University of Iowa 77 34,092,623 68 29,997,311 8 2,091,848 1 2,003,464

Total Iowa 81 35,437,147 72 31,341,835 8 2,091,848 1 2,003,464

Kansas

Kansas State University 5 516,848 2 429,675 3 87,173 — —

University of Kansas, Lawrence 1 451,625 1 451,625 — — — —

University of Kansas Medical Center 9 2,268,922 8 2,224,710 1 44,212 — —

Wichita State University 1 174,220 1 174,220 — — — —

Total Kansas 16 3,411,615 12 3,280,230 4 131,385 — —

Kentucky

Academic Edge, Inc. 1 160,251 1 160,251 — — — —

ApoImmune, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

University of Kentucky 35 8,739,442 33 8,492,270 1 48,192 1 198,980

University of Louisville 31 8,018,262 28 7,879,600 3 138,662 — —

Total Kentucky 68 17,017,955 63 16,632,121 4 186,854 1 198,980

Louisiana

Louisiana State University A&M College, 

Baton Rouge

1 367,500 1 367,500 — — — —

Louisiana State University Health Sciences, 

New Orleans

6 1,125,507 5 1,000,170 — — 1 125,337

Louisiana State University Health Sciences, 

Shreveport

6 1,296,923 6 1,296,923 — — — —

Louisiana State University Pennington 

Biomedical Research Center

3 3,011,804 3 3,011,804 — — — —

Tulane University of Louisiana 18 6,270,030 17 6,247,824 1 22,206 — —

Xavier University of Louisiana — 105,189 — 105,189 — — — —

Total Louisiana 34 12,176,953 32 12,029,410 1 22,206 1 125,337

Maine

Jackson Laboratory 10 7,606,885 10 7,606,885 — — — —

Maine Medical Center 4 1,244,150 4 1,244,150 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

159

University of Maine, Orono 1 445,819 1 445,819 — — — —

University of New England 1 354,833 1 354,833 — — — —

Total Maine 16 9,651,687 16 9,651,687 — — — —

Maryland

Amulet Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 461,000 1 461,000 — — — —

BioSeq, Inc. 1 378,811 1 378,811 — — — —

Biotech Research Laboratories (BTRL) 1 932,000 — — — — 1 932,000

Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation 2 867,441 — — — — 2 867,441

EMMES Corporation 1 1,158,282 — — — — 1 1,158,282

Federation of American Societies for 

Experimental Biology

2 35,000 2 35,000 — — — —

Fogarty International Center 1 300,000 — — — — 1 300,000

Gallup Indian Medical Center 5 38,823,864 — — — — 5 38,823,864

Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the 

Advancement of Military Medicine

6 4,739,410 5 1,555,964 — — 1 3,183,446

IM Systems 2 589,970 2 589,970 — — — —

Johns Hopkins Hospital 1 4,573,542 — — — — 1 4,573,542

Johns Hopkins University 167 70,589,478 148 60,082,993 11 3,504,864 8 7,001,621

Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Inc. 1 270,166 1 270,166 — — — —

Key Technologies, Inc. 1 194,271 1 194,271 — — — —

Maryland Medical Research Institute 2 1,213,106 1 625,106 — — 1 588,000

National Cancer Institute 2 1,100,000 — — — — 2 1,100,000

National Center for Complementary and 

Alternative Medicine

1 200,000 — — — — 1 200,000

National Center for Health Statistics 1 240,000 — — — — 1 240,000

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 1 1,027,346 — — — — 1 1,027,346

National Human Genome Research Institute 1 23,250,000 — — — — 1 23,250,000

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious 

Diseases

1 500,000 — — — — 1 500,000

National Institute of Arthritis and Muscloskeletal 

and Skin Diseases

1 500,000 — — — — 1 500,000

National Institute of Child Health and Human 

Development

1 2,000,000 — — — — 1 2,000,000

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and 

Kidney Diseases

1 4,000,000 — — — — 1 4,000,000

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and 

Stroke

1 1,291,100 — — — — 1 1,291,100

Opto-Gene, Inc. 1 100,007 1 100,007 — — — —

Peace Technology, Inc. 1 2,043,634 — — — — 1 2,043,634

Perinatronics Medical Systems, Inc. 2 890,488 2 890,488 — — — —

Prospect Associates, Ltd. 1 1,290,585 — — — — 1 1,290,585

Quality Biological, Inc. 1 500,882 1 500,882 — — — —

Robin Medical, Inc. 1 611,250 1 611,250 — — — —

Take Aim Productions, Inc. 1 633,089 1 633,089 — — — —

The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) 3 2,743,562 3 2,743,562 — — — —

University of Maryland, Baltimore County 

Campus

2 458,237 2 458,237 — — — —

University of Maryland, College Park Campus 2 1,097,997 2 1,097,997 — — — —

University of Maryland Baltimore Professional 

School

40 13,646,732 37 13,415,678 2 201,115 1 29,939

University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute 3 967,645 3 967,645 — — — —

U.S. Agricultural Research Center 2 850,000 — — — — 2 850,000

U.S. Bureau of the Census 1 360,000 — — — — 1 360,000

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

160

U.S. Health Resources and Services 

Administration

1 150,000 — — — — 1 150,000

U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute 1 77,100 — — — — 1 77,100

U.S. PHS Public Advisory Groups — 2,755,000 — 2,755,000 — — — —

Westat, Inc. 1 2,323,804 — — — — 1 2,323,804

Total Maryland 269 190,734,799 215 88,367,116 13 3,705,979 41 98,661,704

Massachusetts

ACell, Inc. 1 344,536 1 344,536 — — — —

Baystate Medical Center 1 187,997 — — — — 1 187,997

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 55 22,221,276 49 21,451,958 6 769,318 — —

Biomod Surfaces 2 350,533 2 350,533 — — — —

Biophysics Assay Laboratory, Inc. (Biopal, Inc.) 1 302,008 1 302,008 — — — —

Biostream, Inc. 2 334,285 2 334,285 — — — —

Boston Biomedical Research Institute 8 3,613,562 8 3,613,562 — — — —

Boston Medical Center 14 4,446,928 14 4,446,928 — — — —

Boston University 80 43,090,706 70 32,708,266 6 2,120,359 4 8,262,081

Brigham and Women’s Hospital 137 58,469,107 112 52,867,839 22 3,503,780 3 2,097,488

Center for Blood Research 9 9,078,553 9 9,078,553 — — — —

Children’s Hospital Boston 49 16,975,964 43 15,394,223 6 1,581,741 — —

Covalent Associates, Inc. 1 99,999 1 99,999 — — — —

Center for Community Health Education 

Research and Services

1 599,246 1 599,246 — — — —

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 16 5,427,470 15 5,372,154 — — 1 55,316

E.P., Ltd. 1 568,853 1 568,853 — — — —

EIC Laboratories, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Foster-Miller, Inc. 1 386,544 1 386,544 — — — —

Gene Regulation Laboratories 1 450,000 1 450,000 — — — —

Giner, Inc. 2 473,761 2 473,761 — — — —

Gwathmey, Inc. 1 473,773 1 473,773 — — — —

Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc. 2 1,032,144 2 1,032,144 — — — —

Harvard University 1 326,000 1 326,000 — — — —

Harvard University Medical School 18 10,873,675 12 9,591,482 6 1,282,193 — —

Harvard University School of Public Health 19 9,069,804 17 8,431,183 2 638,621 — —

Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged 1 12,618 — — 1 12,618 — —

Implant Sciences Corporation 1 99,917 1 99,917 — — — —

Innovative Chemical/Environmental Technology 1 424,828 1 424,828 — — — —

Inotek Corporation 5 1,275,321 5 1,275,321 — — — —

IQuum, Inc. 2 1,565,088 2 1,565,088 — — — —

Massachusetts General Hospital 79 28,101,600 70 26,088,409 8 1,090,166 1 923,025

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 15 8,747,225 15 8,747,225 — — — —

Massachusetts Mental Health Institute 1 250,550 1 250,550 — — — —

Matrix Engineering 1 247,898 1 247,898 — — — —

New England Medical Center Hospitals 24 7,591,479 22 7,382,652 1 54,352 1 154,475

New England Research Institutes, Inc. 6 4,289,588 5 4,051,296 — — 1 238,292

Newton Scientific, Inc. 1 451,426 1 451,426 — — — —

Northeastern University 2 495,827 2 495,827 — — — —

Physical Sciences, Inc. 1 289,050 1 289,050 — — — —

Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. 1 375,000 1 375,000 — — — —

Science Research Laboratory, Inc. 1 99,974 1 99,974 — — — —

St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center of Boston 8 4,003,186 8 4,003,186 — — — —

Stethographics, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Tufts University, Boston 11 3,366,543 10 3,297,518 1 69,025 — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

161

University of Massachusetts Medical School, 

Worcester

21 7,592,289 18 6,200,161 2 122,639 1 1,269,489

Verax Biomedical, Inc. 1 126,817 1 126,817 — — — —

Whalen Biomedical, Inc. 1 373,336 1 373,336 — — — —

Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research 1 234,750 1 234,750 — — — —

Total Massachusetts 610 259,411,034 536 234,978,059 61 11,244,812 13 13,188,163

Michigan

American National Red Cross SE Michigan 1 540,272 — — — — 1 540,272

Case Western Reserve University, Henry Ford 

Health Sciences

11 4,065,895 11 4,065,895 — — — —

Henry Ford Health System 1 2,202,362 1 2,202,362 — — — —

Hope College 1 102,317 1 102,317 — — — —

Mc-Three, Inc. 4 1,120,263 4 1,120,263 — — — —

MedArray, Inc. 1 160,699 1 160,699 — — — —

Michigan State University 8 1,604,784 8 1,604,784 — — — —

Molecular Innovations, Inc. 1 99,600 1 99,600 — — — —

Nephros Therapeutics, Inc. 1 395,300 1 395,300 — — — —

Oakland University 1 71,000 1 71,000 — — — —

Sentec Corporation 1 373,835 1 373,835 — — — —

St. Joseph Mercy Oakland 1 345,695 1 345,695 — — — —

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 88 32,290,794 81 30,284,992 6 1,549,482 1 456,320

Wayne State University 18 5,475,590 17 4,243,792 — 48,148 1 1,183,650

Western Michigan University 1 256,875 1 256,875 — — — —

Total Michigan 139 49,105,281 130 45,327,409 6 1,597,630 3 2,180,242

Minnesota

Advanced Medical Electronics Corporation 6 1,392,165 6 1,392,165 — — — —

CPR X LLC 1 955,713 1 955,713 — — — —

Mayo Clinic, Rochester 63 19,157,764 55 17,894,517 7 860,873 1 402,374

Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Inc. 3 315,246 2 213,816 — — 1 101,430

Paradigm Pharmaceuticals, LLC 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

St. Olaf College 1 130,210 1 130,210 — — — —

SurModics, Inc. — 30,745 — 30,745 — — — —

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 87 37,622,024 73 31,247,986 7 1,679,415 7 4,694,623

Total Minnesota 162 59,703,867 139 51,965,152 14 2,540,288 9 5,198,427

Mississippi

Tougaloo College — 3,780 — — — 3,780 — —

University of Mississippi 1 52,177 — — 1 52,177 — —

University of Mississippi Medical Center 18 9,001,149 12 5,710,141 3 93,585 3 3,197,423

Total Mississippi 19 9,057,106 12 5,710,141 4 149,542 3 3,197,423

Missouri

Barnes-Jewish Hospital 22 7,083,058 21 7,036,866 1 46,192 — —

Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City 2 412,070 2 412,070 — — — —

Lifeline Technologies, Inc. 1 319,031 1 319,031 — — — —

MRI Institute for Biomedical Research 1 344,499 1 344,499 — — — —

Reliable Biopharmaceutical Corporation 1 134,076 1 134,076 — — — —

St. Louis University 22 5,854,177 21 5,651,697 — — 1 202,480

University of Missouri, Columbia 23 6,063,566 19 5,700,283 4 363,283 — —

University of Missouri, Kansas City 1 346,633 1 346,633 — — — —

University of Missouri, St. Louis 1 234,279 1 234,279 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

162

Washington University 94 36,814,994 83 33,900,193 10 2,851,661 1 63,140

Total Missouri 168 57,606,383 151 54,079,627 15 3,261,136 2 265,620

Montana

Montana State University, Bozeman 2 630,678 2 630,678 — — — —

Total Montana 2 630,678 2 630,678 — — — —

Nebraska

Creighton University 1 37,202 — — 1 37,202 — —

University of Nebraska, Lincoln 1 300,240 1 300,240 — — — —

University of Nebraska Medical Center 13 5,160,882 12 4,958,782 1 202,100 — —

Total Nebraska 15 5,498,324 13 5,259,022 2 239,302 — —

Nevada

Sierra Biomedical Research Corporation 2 795,498 2 795,498 — — — —

University of Nevada at Reno 11 3,616,867 9 2,350,933 1 46,192 1 1,219,742

Total Nevada 13 4,412,365 11 3,146,431 1 46,192 1 1,219,742

New Hampshire

Creare, Inc. 1 361,259 1 361,259 — — — —

Dartmouth College 15 3,510,031 13 3,440,312 2 69,719 — —

University of New Hampshire 2 279,163 2 279,163 — — — —

Total New Hampshire 18 4,150,453 16 4,080,734 2 69,719 — —

New Jersey

Allied Innovative Systems, LLC 1 120,004 1 120,004 — — — —

Collagen Matrix, Inc. 2 811,462 2 811,462 — — — —

Continuum Dynamics, Inc. 1 376,215 1 376,215 — — — —

Menssana Research, Inc. 1 375,000 1 375,000 — — — —

Palatin Technologies, Inc. 1 374,330 1 374,330 — — — —

PortaScience Inc. 1 400,046 1 400,046 — — — —

Princeton Multimedia Technologies Corporation 1 199,127 1 199,127 — — — —

Princeton University 2 603,786 2 603,786 — — — —

Public Health Research Institute 3 1,314,519 3 1,314,519 — — — —

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 

New Brunswick

3 480,956 2 265,367 1 215,589 — —

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New 

Jersey, Newark

15 6,821,472 14 6,729,456 1 92,016 — —

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New 

Jersey, R. W. Johnson Medical School

7 2,289,390 7 2,289,390 — — — —

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New 

Jersey, School of Osteopathic Medicine

1 325,035 1 325,035 — — — —

VueSonix Sensors, Inc. 1 454,426 1 454,426 — — — —

Total New Jersey 40 14,945,768 38 14,638,163 2 307,605 — —

New Mexico

InLight Solutions, Inc. 1 150,000 1 150,000 — — — —

Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental 

Research

2 1,013,880 2 1,013,880 — — — —

New Mexico Resonance 2 741,923 2 741,923 — — — —

Southwest Sciences, Inc. 1 101,383 1 101,383 — — — —

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical 

Center, Albuquerque

1 1,284,168 — — — — 1 1,284,168

University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 13 4,245,036 10 3,682,439 2 351,933 1 210,664

Total New Mexico 20 7,536,390 16 5,689,625 2 351,933 2 1,494,832

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

163

New York

Albany Medical College of Union University 7 1,989,688 6 1,447,142 1 542,546 — —

Angion Biomedica Corporation 1 1,059,850 1 1,059,850 — — — —

Circulatory Technology, Inc. 1 360,916 1 360,916 — — — —

City College of New York 3 952,482 3 952,482 — — — —

Columbia University Health Sciences 79 34,853,513 70 32,645,410 6 805,189 3 1,402,914

Columbia University, New York Morningside 3 1,398,896 3 1,398,896 — — — —

Cornell University, Ithaca 8 1,701,469 6 1,612,262 2 89,207 — —

CUNY Graduate School and University Center 1 312,500 1 312,500 — — — —

Foster-Miller Technologies, Inc. 1 714,266 1 714,266 — — — —

Herbert H. Lehman College — 145,804 — 145,804 — — — —

Hospital for Special Surgery 1 135,540 1 135,540 — — — —

Institute for Basic Research in Developmental 

Disabilities

1 292,692 1 292,692 — — — —

Ithaca College — 3,600 — 3,600 — — — —

Lymphatic Research Foundation, Inc. — 10,000 — 10,000 — — — —

Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Inc. 1 432,500 1 432,500 — — — —

Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc. 1 230,567 1 230,567 — — — —

Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx 2 433,598 2 433,598 — — — —

Mount Sinai School of Medicine 33 18,489,732 30 15,148,140 2 536,155 1 2,805,437

National Hemophilia Foundation 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

New York Blood Center 4 2,252,768 4 2,252,768 — — — —

New York Medical College 25 10,917,813 25 10,917,813 — — — —

New York University 2 511,666 2 511,666 — — — —

New York University School of Medicine 19 6,495,426 18 6,350,076 1 145,350 — —

North Shore University Hospital 1 111,051 1 111,051 — — — —

Queens College, CUNY 2 469,450 2 469,450 — — — —

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1 257,289 1 257,289 — — — —

Rockefeller University 7 3,914,503 7 3,914,503 — — — —

Roswell Park Cancer Institute Corporation 3 1,123,034 3 1,123,034 — — — —

Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research 11 3,391,419 11 3,391,419 — — — —

St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center 1 393,481 1 393,481 — — — —

St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Institute for Health 

Sciences

8 2,558,810 8 2,558,810 — — — —

State University of New York at Albany 1 257,510 1 257,510 — — — —

State University of New York at Buffalo 13 4,681,779 11 3,156,124 1 108,562 1 1,417,093

State University of New York Stony Brook 15 5,650,637 14 4,436,472 — — 1 1,214,165

STS Biopolymers, Inc. 1 396,206 1 396,206 — — — —

SUNY Downstate Medical Center 8 2,244,067 7 1,986,366 — — 1 257,701

Syracuse University 1 226,500 1 226,500 — — — —

Trudeau Institute, Inc. 5 3,207,439 5 3,207,439 — — — —

University of Rochester 52 19,830,365 46 18,439,122 6 1,391,243 — —

Upstate Medical University 6 3,074,815 5 3,020,463 1 54,352 — —

V.I. Technologies, Inc. (Vitex) 1 265,000 1 265,000 — — — —

Weill Medical College of Cornell University 48 26,146,995 43 24,043,672 4 723,339 1 1,379,984

Winthrop-University Hospital 1 455,129 1 455,129 — — — —

Yeshiva University 28 17,148,573 25 14,725,200 2 234,216 1 2,189,157

ZeptoMetrix Corporation 1 379,816 1 379,816 — — — —

Total New York 409 179,889,154 374 164,592,544 26 4,630,159 9 10,666,451

North Carolina

Carolinas Medical Center 1 300,358 1 300,358 — — — —

Clinical Tools, Inc. 2 505,987 2 505,987 — — — —

Duke University 123 53,706,387 110 50,050,858 8 1,113,195 5 2,542,334

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

164

East Carolina University 2 431,600 2 431,600 — — — —

North Carolina Central University 1 371,210 1 371,210 — — — —

North Carolina State University at Raleigh 4 1,003,949 4 1,003,949 — — — —

StemCo Biomedical, Inc. 1 109,485 1 109,485 — — — —

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 94 42,683,002 82 34,366,450 7 1,508,057 5 6,808,495

Wake Forest University 14 9,135,182 8 3,525,237 — — 6 5,609,945

Wake Forest University Health Sciences 34 15,466,553 31 15,024,809 3 441,744 — —

Williams LifeSkills, Inc. 1 369,941 1 369,941 — — — —

Winston-Salem State University 1 112,201 1 112,201 — — — —

ZyCare, Inc. 1 284,187 1 284,187 — — — —

Total North Carolina 279 124,480,042 245 106,456,272 18 3,062,996 16 14,960,774

North Dakota

North Dakota State University 1 141,000 1 141,000 — — — —

Total North Dakota 1 141,000 1 141,000 — — — —

Ohio

BIOMEC, Inc. 4 1,744,737 4 1,744,737 — — — —

CardioEnergetics, Inc. 1 415,479 1 415,479 — — — —

Case Western Reserve University 77 26,280,463 67 24,244,233 9 1,646,620 1 389,610

Celsus Laboratories, Inc. 1 107,000 1 107,000 — — — —

Children’s Hospital Medical Center of Cincinnati 42 16,669,536 37 16,428,493 5 241,043 — —

Children’s Research Institute 2 432,548 2 432,548 — — — —

Cleveland Clinic Foundation 58 18,818,755 52 18,006,288 4 337,031 2 475,436

Cleveland Medical Devices, Inc. 2 992,193 2 992,193 — — — —

Medical College of Ohio at Toledo 9 3,129,129 9 3,129,129 — — — —

Nova-Ther Technologies 1 257,015 1 257,015 — — — —

Ohio State University 33 9,380,324 30 8,644,398 1 203,969 2 531,957

Ohio University, Athens 1 319,861 1 319,861 — — — —

Spectra Research, Inc. 1 441,964 1 441,964 — — — —

The Lam Foundation 1 25,000 1 25,000 — — — —

University of Cincinnati 46 17,728,364 43 16,098,747 2 521,830 1 1,107,787

Wright State University 5 1,053,332 4 973,879 1 79,453 — —

Total Ohio 284 97,795,700 256 92,260,964 22 3,029,946 6 2,504,790

Oklahoma

Ekips Technologies, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Langston University 1 343,782 1 343,782 — — — —

Oklahoma Blood Institute 1 844,810 — — — — 1 844,810

Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation 8 3,925,564 8 3,925,564 — — — —

Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 1 280,094 1 280,094 — — — —

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center 12 4,600,084 10 4,518,709 2 81,375 — —

Total Oklahoma 24 10,094,334 21 9,168,149 2 81,375 1 844,810

Oregon

Dimera, LLC 1 392,500 1 392,500 — — — —

Helix Research Company 1 421,156 — — — — 1 421,156

Oregon Health & Science University 42 13,600,896 34 13,036,846 8 564,050 — —

Oregon Research Institute 1 672,768 1 672,768 — — — —

Oregon State University 3 593,542 2 563,587 1 29,955 — —

University of Oregon 2 668,476 2 668,476 — — — —

Virogenomics Inc. 1 96,845 1 96,845 — — — —

Total Oregon 51 16,446,183 41 15,431,022 9 594,005 1 421,156

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

165

Pennsylvania

Allegheny-Singer Research Institute 2 701,938 2 701,938 — — — —

Carnegie-Mellon University 4 1,277,358 3 1,227,242 1 50,116 — —

Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 34 19,364,347 30 18,380,676 4 983,671 — —

Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh/UPMC Health 

Systems

3 496,800 3 496,800 — — — —

Discovery Laboratories, Inc. 1 453,000 1 453,000 — — — —

Drexel University 2 406,993 2 406,993 — — — —

Eagle Vision Pharmaceutical Corporation 1 373,353 1 373,353 — — — —

Ension Inc. 4 1,433,794 4 1,433,794 — — — —

Fox Chase Cancer Center 1 383,250 1 383,250 — — — —

Genaera Corporation 1 422,306 1 422,306 — — — —

Green Lights, Inc. 1 97,210 1 97,210 — — — —

Guthrie Foundation for Education and Research 2 556,579 2 556,579 — — — —

Industrial Science and Technology Network, Inc. 1 363,349 1 363,349 — — — —

Institute for Cancer Research 1 439,216 1 439,216 — — — —

Lankenau Institute for Medical Research 1 324,512 1 324,512 — — — —

Lehigh University 1 145,051 1 145,051 — — — —

LifeSensors, Inc. 1 174,746 1 174,746 — — — —

Magee-Women’s Health Corporation 2 547,433 2 547,433 — — — —

MCP Hahnemann University 4 1,191,160 4 1,191,160 — — — —

Medical Diagnostic Research Foundation 1 297,452 1 297,452 — — — —

Molecular Targeting Technology, Inc. 1 377,300 1 377,300 — — — —

Octagen Corporation 2 513,000 2 513,000 — — — —

Pennsylvania State University, Milton S. 

Hershey Medical Center

23 9,754,144 22 9,712,459 1 41,685 — —

Pennsylvania State University, University Park 6 1,546,569 6 1,546,569 — — — —

Spectrasonics Imaging, Inc. 1 334,662 1 334,662 — — — —

Temple University 15 5,834,717 12 5,532,400 2 256,557 1 45,760

Thomas Jefferson University 19 6,629,719 17 6,391,573 2 238,146 — —

University of Pennsylvania 146 55,624,137 125 51,996,397 20 3,246,527 1 381,213

University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh 87 39,278,612 76 36,156,540 6 940,730 5 2,181,342

Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic 2 513,749 2 513,749 — — — —

Wistar Institute 4 1,204,697 4 1,204,697 — — — —

Total Pennsylvania 374 151,061,153 331 142,695,406 36 5,757,432 7 2,608,315

Rhode Island

BCR Diagnostics 1 136,210 1 136,210 — — — —

Brown University 6 1,330,117 6 1,330,117 — — — —

Gordon Research Conferences 5 47,000 5 47,000 — — — —

Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island 2 3,063,912 1 707,706 — — 1 2,356,206

Miriam Hospital 7 2,552,828 6 2,514,508 1 38,320 — —

Pro-Change Behavior Systems, Inc. 2 401,272 2 401,272 — — — —

Rhode Island Hospital, Providence 7 2,396,369 7 2,396,369 — — — —

Total Rhode Island 30 9,927,708 28 7,533,182 1 38,320 1 2,356,206

South Carolina

Clemson University 2 473,487 2 473,487 — — — —

Medical University of South Carolina 37 15,323,707 30 12,107,250 5 579,661 2 2,636,796

Organ Recovery Systems, Inc. 3 604,961 3 604,961 — — — —

University of South Carolina at Columbia 9 2,785,506 8 2,763,802 1 21,704 — —

Total South Carolina 51 19,187,661 43 15,949,500 6 601,365 2 2,636,796

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

166

South Dakota

Missouri Breaks Research, Inc. 2 1,131,532 2 1,131,532 — — — —

University of South Dakota 4 740,682 3 740,681 1 1 — —

Total South Dakota 6 1,872,214 5 1,872,213 1 1 — —

Tennessee

East Tennessee State University 4 846,418 4 846,418 — — — —

GeneRx+, Inc. 2 728,915 2 728,915 — — — —

Meharry Medical College 11 2,180,176 8 1,601,664 3 578,512 — —

St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 7 3,572,065 6 3,304,479 — — 1 267,586

TK TX Company 1 124,366 1 124,366 — — — —

University of Memphis 4 1,718,043 4 1,718,043 — — — —

University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center 25 8,441,460 22 6,644,160 2 287,636 1 1,509,664

University of Tennessee at Knoxville 2 361,436 2 344,481 — 16,955 — —

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical 

Center, Memphis

1 316,265 — — — — 1 316,265

Vanderbilt University 73 29,071,445 62 26,621,202 11 2,450,243 — —

Total Tennessee 130 47,360,589 111 41,933,728 16 3,333,346 3 2,093,515

Texas

Ambion, Inc. 1 402,535 1 402,535 — — — —

Baylor College of Medicine 84 35,557,215 72 33,206,984 9 903,702 3 1,446,529

Baylor Research Institute 1 339,750 1 339,750 — — — —

BioTex, Inc. 1 373,338 1 373,338 — — — —

Chrysalis Biotechnology, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research 4 1,593,157 4 1,593,157 — — — —

Lynntech, Inc. 1 362,777 1 362,777 — — — —

Millar Instruments, Inc. 1 106,814 1 106,814 — — — —

Prairie View A&M University — 135,012 — 135,012 — — — —

Rice University 4 1,033,324 4 1,033,324 — — — —

Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research 9 10,474,429 9 10,474,429 — — — —

Texas A&M University Health Science Center 15 3,263,593 12 3,181,060 3 82,533 — —

Texas A&M University System 6 1,459,410 6 1,459,410 — — — —

Texas A&M University, Kingsville — 91,347 — 91,347 — — — —

Texas Southern University 2 391,000 2 391,000 — — — —

Texas Technical University Health Sciences 

Center

4 1,049,975 4 1,049,975 — — — —

University of Houston, University Park 1 251,485 1 251,485 — — — —

University of North Texas Health Sciences 

Center

10 2,150,902 8 2,032,723 2 118,179 — —

University of Texas at Dallas 1 307,464 1 307,464 — — — —

University of Texas Health Center at Tyler 7 1,573,586 7 1,573,586 — — — —

University of Texas Health Sciences Center 

Houston

35 14,006,447 31 9,722,355 2 163,867 2 4,120,225

University of Texas Health Sciences Center 

San Antonio

22 5,608,053 19 3,991,964 1 214,392 2 1,401,697

University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer 

Center

1 587,499 1 587,499 — — — —

University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston 11 4,460,821 10 2,322,343 — — 1 2,138,478

University of Texas Southwestern Medical 

Center at Dallas

63 28,307,892 54 25,104,158 7 958,057 2 2,245,677

University of Texas-Pan American — 356,354 — 356,354 — — — —

Total Texas 285 114,344,179 251 100,550,843 24 2,440,730 10 11,352,606

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

167

Utah

Brigham Young University 1 219,000 1 219,000 — — — —

Thrombodyne, Inc. 1 368,528 1 368,528 — — — —

University of Utah 54 19,898,437 48 19,272,826 6 625,611 — —

Utah Artificial Heart Institute 1 1,062,373 1 1,062,373 — — — —

Total Utah 57 21,548,338 51 20,922,727 6 625,611 — —

Vermont

University of Vermont and State Agricultural 

College

45 17,630,018 39 15,341,987 4 717,553 2 1,570,478

Total Vermont 45 17,630,018 39 15,341,987 4 717,553 2 1,570,478

Virginia

Arete Associates 1 102,362 1 102,362 — — — —

Cottler Technologies, LLC 1 378,785 1 378,785 — — — —

CW Optics, Inc. 1 250,708 1 250,708 — — — —

Eastern Virginia Medical School of the Medical 

College of Hampton Roads

4 662,804 3 646,437 1 16,367 — —

Empirical Technologies Corporation 1 439,154 1 439,154 — — — —

Hampton University — 96,542 — 96,542 — — — —

Personal Improvement Computer Systems 1 284,254 1 284,254 — — — —

Talisman, Ltd. — 347,000 — 347,000 — — — —

University of Virginia, Charlottesville 63 22,590,644 57 21,219,172 6 1,371,472 — —

U.S. National Science Foundation 1 367,000 — — — — 1 367,000

Virginia Commonwealth University 19 4,745,495 15 4,608,998 4 136,497 — —

Total Virginia 92 30,264,748 80 28,373,412 11 1,524,336 1 367,000

Washington

A.S.T.H.M.A., Inc. 1 132,049 — — — — 1 132,049

Avatar Design and Development, Inc. 1 480,129 1 480,129 — — — —

Barlow Scientific 2 451,466 2 451,466 — — — —

Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories 1 478,625 1 478,625 — — — —

Catch, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

EKOS Corporation 1 331,168 1 331,168 — — — —

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 18 10,476,725 15 8,430,811 — — 3 2,045,914

Icogen Corporation 1 195,140 1 195,140 — — — —

Inologic, Inc. 1 96,935 1 96,935 — — — —

Institute for Systems Biology 1 2,093,639 — — — — 1 2,093,639

King County Emergency Medical Service 1 330,265 1 330,265 — — — —

Pathway MRI 1 99,107 1 99,107 — — — —

Phantoms By Design 1 616,394 1 616,394 — — — —

Puget Sound Blood Center 3 685,737 3 685,737 — — — —

Quantigraphics, Inc. 1 255,191 1 255,191 — — — —

Seattle Institute for Cardiac Research 2 3,881,377 2 3,881,377 — — — —

Statistics and Epidemiology Research 

Corporation

1 801,527 — — — — 1 801,527

The Hope Heart Institute 4 764,143 3 754,611 1 9,532 — —

Therus Corporation 1 137,965 1 137,965 — — — —

University of Washington 117 57,791,957 99 48,863,249 12 2,887,094 6 6,041,614

Washington State University 5 1,058,969 4 1,058,968 1 1 — —

Total Washington 165 81,258,508 139 67,247,138 14 2,896,627 12 11,114,743

West Virginia

Marshall University 1 140,000 1 140,000 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

168

West Virginia University 7 1,562,883 6 1,518,671 1 44,212 — —

Total West Virginia 8 1,702,883 7 1,658,671 1 44,212 — —

Wisconsin

Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin 9 4,320,960 7 4,099,227 2 221,733 — —

Eaker Epidemiology Enterprises, LLC 1 62,500 1 62,500 — — — —

Marquette University 2 375,623 2 375,623 — — — —

Marshfield Clinic 1 5,250,000 — — — — 1 5,250,000

Medical College of Wisconsin 59 30,007,411 50 26,197,914 7 566,271 2 3,243,226

Mirus Corporation 2 220,417 2 220,417 — — — —

Spectro Con 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

TMJ Association — 15,000 — 15,000 — — — —

University of Wisconsin, Madison 63 25,235,470 57 23,083,188 5 1,053,034 1 1,099,248

Total Wisconsin 138 65,587,381 120 54,153,869 14 1,841,038 4 9,592,474

Wyoming

University of Wyoming 1 172,970 1 172,970 — — — —

Total Wyoming 1 172,970 1 172,970 — — — —

Puerto Rico

Ponce School of Medicine 1 138,258 1 138,258 — — — —

Universidad Central Del Caribe — 229,354 — 229,354 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences 1 648,385 1 648,385 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras 1 391,789 1 391,789 — — — —

Total Puerto Rico 3 1,407,786 3 1,407,786 — — — —

Total United States 5,611 $2,331,977,050 4,933 $1,997,936,617 473 $77,377,198 205 $256,663,235

Australia

Child Health Research Institute 1 250,000 1 250,000 — — — —

Children’s Hospital at Westmead 1 108,000 1 108,000 — — — —

Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute 1 175,000 1 175,000 — — — —

Royal Melbourne Hospital 1 175,000 1 175,000 — — — —

St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research 1 105,515 1 105,515 — — — —

Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute 2 134,264 1 95,944 1 38,320 — —

Total Australia 7 947,779 6 909,459 1 38,320 — —

Belgium

University of Antwerp 1 120,593 1 120,593 — — — —

Total Belgium 1 120,593 1 120,593 — — — —

Brazil

Federal University of Bahia — 39,000 — 39,000 — — — —

Total Brazil — 39,000 — 39,000 — — — —

Canada

Clinical Research Institute of Montreal 2 449,030 2 449,030 — — — —

Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto 3 963,663 3 963,663 — — — —

Institute de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal 1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

London Health Sciences Center 1 1,396,378 — — — — 1 1,396,378

McGill University 1 300,000 1 300,000 — — — —

McMaster University 1 161,066 — — — — 1 161,066

Ontario Cancer Institute 1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

169

Ottawa Health Research Institute 1 250,000 1 250,000 — — — —

Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health 

Sciences Center

1 193,048 1 193,048 — — — —

University Health Network 1 225,000 1 225,000 — — — —

University of British Columbia 4 878,722 3 798,522 — — 1 80,200

University of Calgary 2 525,763 2 525,763 — — — —

University of Manitoba 2 108,524 2 108,524 — — — —

Total Canada 21 5,851,194 18 4,213,550 — — 3 1,637,644

China

Chinese Center, Disease Control and Prevention — 24,300 — 24,300 — — — —

Total China — 24,300 — 24,300 — — — —

Finland

University of Turku 1 46,192 — — 1 46,192 — —

Total Finland 1 46,192 — — 1 46,192 — —

India

Center for DNA Fingerprinting/Diagnostics — 39,000 — 39,000 — — — —

Total India — 39,000 — 39,000 — — — —

Israel

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 1 44,212 — — 1 44,212 — —

Technion-Israel Institute of Technology 1 125,000 1 125,000 — — — —

Total Israel 2 169,212 1 125,000 1 44,212 — —

Italy

University of Parma 1 371,789 1 371,789 — — — —

Total Italy 1 371,789 1 371,789 — — — —

New Zealand

Canterbury Health Ltd. 1 42,320 — — 1 42,320 — —

Total New Zealand 1 42,320 — — 1 42,320 — —

Russia

Central Institute for Tuberculosis 1 204,000 1 204,000 — — — —

Total Russia 1 204,000 1 204,000 — — — —

Sweden

Migramed 1 446,296 1 446,296 — — — —

Total Sweden 1 446,296 1 446,296 — — — —

Thailand

Chiang Mai University — 16,200 — 16,200 — — — —

Total — 16,200 — 16,200 — — — —

United Kingdom

University of London King’s College London 1 250,000 1 250,000 — — — —

University College London 1 276,611 1 276,611 — — — —

University of Cambridge 1 272,359 1 272,359 — — — —

University of Edinburgh 1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

University of Leicester 1 36,592 — — 1 36,592 — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

170

University of London National Heart and Lung 

Institute

1 325,381 1 325,381 — — — —

University of Sheffield 1 125,000 1 125,000 — — — —

University of Southampton 1 298,954 1 298,954 — — — —

Total United Kingdom 8 1,784,897 7 1,748,305 1 36,592 — —

Total Other 44 $10,102,772 36 $8,257,492 5 $207,636 3 $1,637,644

Grand Total 5,655 $2,342,079,822 4,969 $2,006,194,109 478 $77,584,834 208 $258,300,879

Institution Totals Grants

Research 

Development

Research Training 

and Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
Appendixes

Types of Research Activity

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

Index

NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

173

Research Projects

Research Project Grants (R01): To support discrete and specific projects to be performed by one or 

several investigators in areas of the investigator's 

particular interests and competencies.

Research Projects (Cooperative Agreements) 

(U01): To support discrete, circumscribed projects 

in areas of an investigator's specific interest and 

competency involving substantial programmatic participation by the NHLBI during performance of the 

activity.

Research Program Projects (P01): To support 

broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term 

research projects that have specific major objectives 

or basic themes directed toward a well-defined 

research program goal. Usually, a relatively large, 

organized group of researchers conducts individual 

subprojects, the results of which help achieve objectives of the program project.

Small Research Grants (R03): To provide limited 

support for extended analyses of research data generated by clinical trials, population research, and demonstration and education studies.

Academic Research Enhancement Awards 

(AREA) (R15): To support small-scale research 

projects conducted by faculty in primarily baccalaureate degree-granting domestic institutions. Awards 

are for up to $75,000 for direct costs (plus applicable 

indirect costs) for periods not to exceed 36 months.

Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21): To 

encourage the development of new research activities in heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders program areas.

Resource-Related Research Projects (R24): To 

support research projects that will enhance the capability of resources to serve biomedical research in 

areas related to cardiovascular, lung, and blood health 

and diseases; blood resources; and sleep disorders. 

First Independent Research Support and Transition (FIRST) Award (R29): To provide a sufficient 

initial period of research support for newly independent biomedical investigators to develop their 

research capabilities and demonstrate the merit of 

their research ideas.

Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R33): To provide phase II support for innovative exploratory and 

developmental research activities initiated under the 

R21 mechanism.

Method To Extend Research in Time (MERIT) 

Award (R37): To provide long-term research grant 

support to investigators whose research competency 

and productivity are distinctly superior and thus are 

likely to continue to perform in an outstanding manner. Investigators may not apply for a MERIT 

award; instead, they are selected by the NHLBI on 

the basis of their current grant applications and their 

present and past grant support.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase I (R41): To support cooperative 

R&D projects between small business concerns and 

research institutions, limited in time and amount, to 

establish the technical merit and feasibility of ideas 

that have potential for commercialization. Awards 

are made to small business concerns only.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase II (R42): To support in-depth 

development of cooperative R&D projects between 

small business concerns and research institutions, 

limited in time and amount, whose feasibility has 

been established in Phase I and that have potential 

for commercialization. Awards are made to small 

business concerns only.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) 

Grants, Phase I (R43): To support projects, limited 

in time and amount, to establish the technical merit 

and feasibility of research and development ideas 

that may ultimately lead to commercial products or 

services.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) 

Grants, Phase II (R44): To support research 

project ideas that have been shown to be feasible in 

Phase I and that are likely to result in commercially 

marketable products or services.

Types of Research Activity
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

174

Research Centers

Exploratory Grants (P20): To support planning for 

new programs, expansion or modification of existing 

resources, and feasibility studies to explore various 

approaches to the development of interdisciplinary programs that offer potential solutions to problems of special significance to the mission of the NHLBI.

Center Core Grants (P30): To support shared 

resources and facilities for basic, clinical, behavioral, 

and translational research in the prevention, detection, 

and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. 

Animal (Mammalian and Nonmammalian) Model 

and Animal and Material Resource Grant (P40): To 

develop and support animal models, or animal or biological materials resources. Nonmammalian resources 

include nonmammalian vertebrates, invertebrates, cell 

systems, and nonbiological systems.

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) Grants 

(P50): To support both basic and clinical research 

related to an Institute-identified theme. The spectrum of 

SCOR activities comprises multidisciplinary approaches 

to specific disease entities or biomedical problem areas. 

The SCOR grants differ from research program projects 

in that they are in response to an announcement of programmatic needs of the Institute. Centers may be asked 

to perform additional studies because of urgently needed 

information or may serve as a regional or national 

resource for special purpose research.

Comprehensive Centers Grants (P60): To support a 

multipurpose unit designed to bring together into a common focus divergent but related facilities within a given 

community; to foster biomedical research and development at both the fundamental and clinical levels; to initiate 

and expand community education, screening, and counseling programs; and to educate medical and allied health 

professionals concerning problems of diagnosis and treatment of specific diseases such as sickle cell anemia.

Research Career Programs

Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K01): To support underrepresented 

minority faculty members with varying levels of 

research experience to prepare them for research careers 

as independent investigators.

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01): To support at 

minority institutions faculty members who have the 

interest and potential to conduct state-of-the-art research 

in the areas of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or hematologic disease, or in sleep disorders.

Independent Scientist Award (K02): To enhance the 

research capability of promising individuals in the formative stages of their careers of independent research in 

the sciences related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; 

blood resources; and sleep disorders.

Research Career Development Award (RCDA) 

(K04): To foster the development of young scientists 

with outstanding research potential for careers of independent research in the sciences related to heart, lung, 

and blood diseases and blood resources. New grants are 

no longer awarded.

Research Career Award (RCA) (K06): To assist institutions in supporting established investigators of high 

competency for the duration of their careers. New grants 

are no longer awarded.

Academic Award (K07): To support an individual with 

an academic appointment to introduce or improve a disease curriculum that will enhance the academic or 

research environment of the applicant institution as well 

as further the individual's own career. This award series 

includes the Preventive Cardiology Academic Award, 

the Preventive Pulmonary Academic Award, the Transfusion Medicine Academic Award, and the Systemic 

Pulmonary and Vascular Diseases Academic Awards, the 

Asthma Academic Award, the Tuberculosis Academic 

Award, the Sleep Academic Award, and the Nutrition 

Academic Award. Currently, only the Sleep Academic 

Award and the Nutrition Academic Award programs are 

being supported.

Clinical Investigator Development Award (CIDA) 

(K08): To provide an opportunity for clinically trained 

physicians to develop research skills and gain experience 

in advanced research methods and experimental 

approaches in basic and applied sciences relevant to 

cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematological diseases. 

This award was developed as a means to encourage clinical investigators to engage in research in specific areas 

designated by the Institute.

Physician Scientist Award (PSA) (K11): To encourage 

newly trained clinicians to develop independent research 

skills and experience in one of the fundamental sciences. 

New grants are no longer awarded.

Minority School Faculty Development Award (K14): 

To develop faculty investigators at minority schools and 

to enhance their research capabilities in areas related to 
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

175

heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; and 

sleep disorders. New grants are no longer awarded.

Research Development Award for Minority Faculty 

(K14): To encourage the development of minority faculty investigators and to enhance their research capabilities in areas related to cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

health and disease; transfusion medicine; and sleep disorders. New grants are no longer awarded.

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23): To provide support for career 

development to investigators who have made a commitment to focus their research endeavors on patientoriented research. 

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24): To provide support for clinicians to 

allow them “protected time” to devote to patient-oriented 

research and to act as mentors for beginning clinical 

investigators. 

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (K25): To provide support to investigators 

with quantitative science or engineering backgrounds 

who have made a commitment to focus their research on 

basic or clinical biomedicine, bioengineering, bioimaging, or behavioral sciences.

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (CRCA) 

(K30): To stimulate inclusion of high-quality, multidisciplinary didactic training in fundamental skills, methodology, theories, and conceptualization as part of the 

career development of clinical investigators. 

Other Research Grants

Scientific Evaluation (R09): To provide funds to the 

chairman of an initial review group for operation of the 

review group.

Cooperative Clinical Research (R10) (U10): To support studies and evaluations of relevant clinical problems. These grants usually involve collaborative efforts 

among several institutions and principal investigators 

and are conducted under a formal protocol.

Conference Grants (R13): To support national and 

international scientific meetings, conferences, or workshops at which research is discussed.

Research Demonstration and Education Projects 

(R18): To provide support designed to develop, test, and 

evaluate health-related activities and to foster application 

of existing knowledge to the control of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders.

Education Projects (R25): To provide support for the 

development and implementation of a program as it 

relates to a category in one or more of the areas of education, information, training, technical assistance, coordination, or evaluation.

Minority Biomedical Research Support (MBRS) 

Grants (S06) (S14): To strengthen the biomedical 

research and research training capability of minority 

institutions and to assist in increasing the involvement of 

minority faculty and students in biomedical research.

Biomedical Research Support Grants (S07): To 

strengthen, balance, and stabilize supported biomedical 

and behavioral research programs through flexible funds 

that permit institutions to respond quickly and effectively to emerging needs and opportunities; to enhance 

creativity and innovation, to support pilot studies, and to 

improve research resources.

Continuing Education Training Grant (T15): To 

assist professional schools and other public and nonprofit institutions to establish, expand, or improve programs of continuing professional education, especially 

for programs dealing with new scientific developments.

Scientific Review and Evaluation (U09): To support 

an initial Scientific Review Group responsible for the 

assessment of scientific and technical merit of grant 

applications.

Conference (Cooperative Agreements) (U13): To 

support international, national, or regional meetings; 

conferences; and workshops where substantial programmatic involvement is planned to assist the recipient.

Resource-Related Research Projects (U24): To support research projects contributing to improvement of the 

capability of resources to serve biomedical research.

Historical Black College and University Scientist 

Award (UH1): To strengthen and augment the human 

resources at historically black colleges and universities 

(HBCUs) by recruiting an established research scientist 

into their biomedical or behavioral sciences department; 

to enhance the career of the recruited research scientist; 

and to strengthen other HBCU resources for the conduct 

of biomedical or behavioral research in areas related to 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood health and disease; transfusion medicine; and sleep disorders.
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

176

Individual National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA) 

Predoctoral Individual NRSA (F31): To provide predoctoral individuals with supervised research training in 

areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood 

resources; and sleep disorders leading toward the 

research degree (e.g., Ph.D.).

Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32): To provide 

postdoctoral research training to individuals to broaden 

their scientific background and extend their potential for 

research in areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and blood resources.

NRSA for Senior Fellows (F33): To provide experienced scientists with an opportunity to make major 

changes in the direction of their research careers, to 

broaden their scientific background, to acquire new 

research capabilities, to enlarge their command of an 

allied research field, or to take time from regular professional responsibilities for the purpose of broadening their 

research capabilities.

Intramural NRSA Individual Postdoctoral Program 

Appointee (F35): To offer research health scientists, 

research clinicians, and others the opportunity to receive 

full-time research training in intramural laboratories of 

the NHLBI and of other Institutes of the NIH.

Institutional National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA)

Institutional NRSA (T32): To enable institutions to 

make awards to individuals selected by them for predoctoral and postdoctoral research training in areas related 

to heart, lung, and blood diseases, blood resources, and 

sleep disorders.

Minority Institutional Research Training Program 

(T32M): To support full-time research training for 

investigative careers at minority schools in areas of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic diseases and 

sleep disorders. Graduate students, postdoctoral students, or health professions students may be supported 

under this program.

MARC Undergraduate NRSA Institutional Grants 

(T34): To support institutional training grants for underrepresented minority undergraduates to obtain research 

training and improve their preparation for graduate training in the biomedical and behavioral sciences.

NRSA Short-Term Research Training (T35 and 

T35S): To provide individuals with research training 

during off-quarters or summer periods to encourage 

research careers or to encourage research in areas of 

national need. This program includes the Short-Term 

Training for Minority Students Program and short-term 

training for students in health professional schools.

MARC Visiting Professors for Minority Institutions 

(T36): To increase the number of well-trained minority 

scientists in biomedical disciplines and to strengthen the 

research and teaching capabilities of minority institutions.

Other Support

Research and Development Contracts (N01): To 

develop or apply new knowledge or test, screen, or evaluate a product, material, device, or component for use by 

the scientific community.

Small Business Innovation Research (N43): To support projects, limited in time and amount, to establish the 

technical merit and feasibility of R&D ideas that may 

ultimately lead to a commercial product(s) or services(s).

NIH Interagency Agreements (Y01): To provide a 

source of funds to another Federal agency to acquire specific products, services, or studies.

NIH Intra-Agency Agreements (Y02): To provide a 

source of funds to another NIH component to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

Minority Research Supplements Programs: To 

provide supplemental funds to active NHLBI grants to 

support the research of minority high school, undergraduate, and graduate students; postdoctoral trainees; and 

investigators.
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

177

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACCESS A Case-Controlled Etiologic Study of 

Sarcoidosis

ACCORD Action to Control Cardiovascular 

Complications in Diabetes

ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme

ACES Azithromycin and Coronary Events 

Study

ACRN Asthma Clinical Research Network

ACTION A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of 

Exercise

AFFIRM Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up: 

Investigations in Rhythm Management

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

ALLHAT Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering 

Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial

APPLES Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term 

Efficacy Study

ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome

ARDSNET Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 

Clinical Network

ARIC Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities

ATP III Adult Treatment Panel III

BARI 2D Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics

CAMP Childhood Asthma Management 

Program

CARDIA Coronary Artery Risk Development in 

Young Adults

CARE Childhood Asthma Research and 

Education Network

CF cystic fibrosis

CFAR Centers for AIDS Research

CHD coronary heart disease

CHF congestive heart failure

CHS Cardiovascular Health Study

CMMP Clinical and Molecular Medicine 

Program

COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CSCC Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers

CSGA Collaborative Studies on the Genetics of 

Asthma

CVD cardiovascular diseases

DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop 

Hypertension

DBDR Division of Blood Diseases and 

Resources

DECA Division of Epidemiology and Clinical 

Applications

DHVD Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases

DIR Division of Intramural Research

DLD Division of Lung Diseases

EDUC Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization 

Center

ENRICHD Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart 

Disease

ESCAPE Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart 

Failure and Pulmonary Artery 

Catheterization Effectiveness

ETS environmental tobacco smoke

FIRST First Independent Research Support and 

Transition

FORTE Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in 

Emphysema

FY fiscal year

GEMS Girls Health Enrichment Multisite 

Studies
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

178

GENCAC Genetics of Coronary Aortic 

Calcification

GOCADAN Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in 

Alaskan Natives

GVHD graft versus host disease

HAT Home Automatic External Defibrillator 

Trial

HBCU historically black colleges and 

universities

HDL high-density lipoprotein

HEIRS Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload 

Screen Study

HEW Department of Health, Education, and 

Welfare (now HHS)

HHS Health and Human Services (formerly 

HEW)

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

HRT hormone replacement therapy

ICD International Classification of Diseases; 

also, implantable cardiac defibrillator

JHS Jackson Heart Study

LDL low-density lipoprotein

MAGIC Magnesium in Coronaries

MARC Minority Access to Research Careers

MBRS Minority Biomedical Research Support

MERIT Method to Extend Research in Time

MESA Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

MGS Mammalian Genotyping Service

MI myocardial infarction 

MSH Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea

NAEPP National Asthma Education and 

Prevention Program

NCEP National Cholesterol Education Program

NCHS National Center for Health Statistics

NCSDR National Center on Sleep Disorders 

Research

NETT National Emphysema Treatment Trial

NHAAP National Heart Attack Alert Program

NHANES National Health and Nutrition 

Examination Survey

NHBPEP National High Blood Pressure Education 

Program

NHI National Heart Institute

NHIS National Health Interview Survey

NHLBAC National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Advisory Council

NHLBI National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute (formerly NHI and NHLI)

NHLI National Heart and Lung Institute

NIA National Institute on Aging

NICHD National Institute of Child Health and 

Human Development

NIDDK National Institute of Diabetes and 

Digestive and Kidney Diseases

NIDDM noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

NIH National Institutes of Health

NIMH National Institute of Mental Health

NRSA National Research Service Award

OAR Office of AIDS Research

OAT Occluded Artery Trial

OD Office of the Director

OEI Obesity Education Initiative

OPEC Office of Prevention, Education, and 

Control

OSA obstructive sleep apnea

P2C2 Pediatric Pulmonary Cardiac 

Complication of HIV

PA Program Announcement
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

179

PAD Public Access Defibrillation

PAHI Pan American Hypertension Initiative

PAHO Pan American Health Organization

PEACE Prevention of Events With Angiotensin 

Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy

PEGT Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy

PGA Programs for Genomic Applications

PHS Public Health Service

PIOPED Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis

R&D research and development

REDS Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study

RFA Request for Applications

RFP Request for Proposals

RMS research management and support

RPG research project grant

SANDS Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetic 

Study

SBIR Small Business Innovation Research

SCD sickle cell disease

SCD-HeFT Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure 

Trial

SCOR Specialized Center(s) of Research

SEP Special Emphasis Panel

SES socioeconomic status

SIDS sudden infant death syndrome

STICH Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart 

Failure

STOP Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia

STTR Small Business Technology Transfer

TAAG Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls

TB tuberculosis

WAVE Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and 

Estrogen Trial

WHI Women’s Health Initiative

WHL World Health League

WISE Women’s Ischemia Syndrome 

Evaluation

WHO World Health Organization

NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Index

181

Index

A

A Case-Controlled Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis (ACCESS), 

106, 109, 140

A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise (ACTION), 84, 

86, 112, 114

Abbreviations and Acronyms, 177–179

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD), 

115, 118, 119, 138

Acute Lung Injury, 99, 101

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network 

(ARDSNET), 116, 118, 123

Advisory Council (See National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory 

Council)

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis, 99, 101

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart 

Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 33, 115, 118, 119, 134

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study (APPLES), 

85, 98, 113, 114

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), 32, 84, 93, 113, 114, 

139

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 106, 132

Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up: Investigation in Rhythm 

Management (AFFIRM), 115, 118, 119

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study (ACES), 84, 86, 112, 

114

B

Basic Research to Improve Cardiopulmonary and Neurological 

Outcomes Following Resuscitation From Cardiopulmonary 

Arrest, 58

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network, 85, 97, 

117, 118, 125

Blood diseases (See also Disease statistics), deaths, and economic 

costs, 37, 38, 53

Blood Diseases and Resources Program, obligations by funding 

mechanism, 67

Board of Scientific Counselors, 63–64

Budget History, FY 1950–2002, 69

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI), 32, 

84, 86, 117, 118, 120

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 

Diabetics (BARI 2D), 84, 86–87, 112, 114, 138

C

Cardiovascular Diseases (See Heart and vascular diseases)

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), 106–107, 132

Career development (See Research career programs)

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma, 99, 101–102

Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Diseases, 84, 87

Centers for AIDS Research Program, 65, 67, 77, 104

Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities, 56, 84, 94, 139

Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP), 116, 118, 

123–124, 139

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network, 

84, 94, 117, 118, 124, 139

Clinical Trials (See also individual trials), 111–129

Institute-initiated: contracts, FY 1992–2002, 115–116

cooperative agreements, FY 1992–2002, 117

summary by program, FY 2002, 118

investigator-initiated, FY 1992–2002, 111–113

summary by program, FY 2002, 114

Clinical Trials Review Committee, 62–63

Collaborative Program in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, 84, 94

Collaborative Studies on the Genetics of Asthma (CSGA), 84, 

94–95

Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers Program, 56, 104, 142

Contract obligations (See Research and development contracts)

Cooperative Agreements, 77, 84–98, 111–114, 117, 118, 

120–122, 124, 125, 127, 173

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study, 116, 118, 126

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), 

106, 107, 132

D

Determinants of Compensatory Sleep Phenotype in Mice, 85, 98

Directory of Personnel, 1–9

Disease statistics (See also Blood diseases, Heart and vascular 

diseases, Lung diseases)

adult population with hypertension, 51

change in death rates for selected causes, 45

death rates for cardiovascular diseases, 39, 41

death rates for heart diseases, 39, 41–44

death rates for lung diseases, 45, 47–48

death rates for stroke, 39, 41–42

deaths by major causes, 37

deaths from blood diseases, 37–38

deaths from cardiovascular diseases, 37–39, 46

deaths from congestive heart failure, 41

deaths from lung diseases, 37–38, 46

discharged dead from hospital with cardiovascular and lung 

diseases, 43

economic costs of illness, 53

hospitalization rates for congestive heart failure, 52
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Index

182

physician office visits for sleep disorders, 48

prevalence of asthma, 52

prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, 50

prevalence of common cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases, 49–50, 52

ten leading causes of death among minority groups, 40

ten leading causes of death, 40

E

Ecologically Guided Bioprospecting in Panama, 84, 87

Employment, FY 1992–2002, 72

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients 

(ENRICHD), 115, 118, 120, 137

Environmental Approaches to the Prevention of Obesity, 58

Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, obligations by funding 

mechanism, 66

Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary 

Artery Catheterization Effectiveness (ESCAPE), 115, 118, 120

Extramural research funding:

dollars funded by funding mechanism, FY 1992–2002, 74–75

percentage trends by funding mechanism, FY 1992–2002, 74, 

76

F

Family Blood Pressure Program, 84, 87, 133

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in Emphysema (FORTE), 116, 

118, 124

Framingham Study (Framingham Heart Study), 30, 32, 106, 107

Funding of grants, contracts, and training by:

foreign country and institution, FY 2002:

Australia, 168; Belgium, 168; Brazil, 168; Canada, 168; 

China, 169; Finland, 169; India, 169; Israel, 169; Italy, 169; 

New Zealand, 169; Russia, 169; Sweden, 169; Thailand,169; 

United Kingdom, 169–170

state or territory and institution, FY 2002:

Alabama, 154; Arizona, 154; Arkansas, 154; California, 

154–155; Colorado, 155–156; Connecticut, 156; Delaware, 

156; District of Columbia, 156; Florida, 156–157; Georgia, 

157; Hawaii, 157; Idaho, 157; Illinois, 157–158; Indiana, 

158; Iowa, 158; Kansas, 158; Kentucky, 158; Louisiana, 

158; Maine, 158–159; Maryland, 159–160; Massachusetts, 

160–161; Michigan, 161; Minnesota, 161; Mississippi, 161; 

Missouri, 161–162; Montana, 162; Nebraska, 162; Nevada, 

162; New Hampshire, 162; New Jersey, 162; New Mexico, 

162; New York, 163; North Carolina, 163–164; North 

Dakota, 164; Ohio, 164; Oklahoma, 164; Oregon, 164; 

Pennsylvania, 165; Puerto Rico, 168; Rhode Island, 165; 

South Carolina, 165; South Dakota, 166; Tennessee, 166; 

Texas, 166; Utah, 167; Vermont, 167; Virginia, 167; 

Washington, 167; West Virginia, 167–168; Wisconsin, 168; 

Wyoming, 168

G

Gene Transfer Principles for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 99, 

100

Genetics of Coronary and Aortic Calcification (GENCAC), 84, 88

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaskan Natives 

(GOCADAN), 84, 88, 132

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies (GEMS), 84, 88, 117, 

118, 120–121, 136

H

Heart and vascular diseases (See also Disease statistics), 

cardiovascular diseases, 35–36

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program, obligations by funding 

mechanism, 66

Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Special Emphasis Panel, 55, 63

Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review Committee, 63

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery, 84, 88, 112, 114

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology, 99, 102

Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening Study (HEIRS), 

106, 110

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders, 99, 102

Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue, 58

Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) Cardiovascular 

Toxicities, 58

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial (HAT), 84, 89, 114

I

Important events in NHLBI history, 27–34

Individual National Research Service Awards (NRSA), 145–148, 

176

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell Anemia, 85, 97, 

113, 114, 142

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease, 

84, 95, 113, 114, 140

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease, 84, 

95, 113, 114, 140

Innovative Concepts and Approaches to Developing Functional 

Tissues and Organs for Heart, Vascular, Lung, and Blood 

Applications, 57

Institutional National Research Training Awards (NRSA), 

145–148, 176

Interaction of Genes and Environment in Shaping Risk Factors for 

Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Disorders, 57, 84, 89

International Activities, 25–26

extramural obligations by country and mechanisms, FY 2002, 

168–170
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Index

183

Interrelationship Between Sleep and Diseases of the Heart, Lung, 

and Blood, 58

Ischemic Heart Disease in Blacks, 99, 100, 138

Ischemic Heart Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, Heart Failure, 99, 

100

J

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), 106, 107–108, 132

L

Linkage Study in Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis, 84, 95

Lung diseases (See also Disease Statistics), deaths and economic 

costs, 38, 40, 43, 45–48, 53

Lung Diseases Program, obligations by funding mechanism, 67

Lung Health Study—Long-Term Follow-up, 84, 95–96, 113, 114

M

Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC), 115, 118, 121

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository, 106, 

110

Mammalian Genotyping Service (MGS), 106, 108

Mathematical Models of Cytokine/Chemokine Networks in HIVAssociated Lung Disease, 56

Minority Activities, 131–143

Molecular Genetics of Hypertension, 99, 100, 133

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis, 99, 100

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) in Sickle Cell Anemia 

Adult Follow-up, 56, 116, 118, 126, 142

Multidisciplinary Study of Right Ventricular Dysplasia, 84, 89

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 106, 108, 132

Mutations in Developmental Pathways by N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea 

(ENU) Mutagenesis, 84, 89

N

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (NCSDR), 11, 12, 

19–20, 32

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, obligation by 

funding mechanism, 67

National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT), 116, 118, 124

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council, 59

membership, 60

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Review Committees:

Board of Scientific Counselors, 63–64

Clinical Trials, 62–63

Program Project, 63

Sickle Cell Disease, 61

Sleep Disorders Research, 61–62

Special Emphasis Panel, 63

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea, 99, 103

NHLBI Innovative Research Grant Program, 57

NHLBI Shared Microarray Facilities, 57

Novel Biomarkers of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 

(COPD), 56

O

Obesity Prevention in Young American Indians (PATHWAYS), 

117, 118, 121, 136

Obligations by funding mechanism, FY 2002, 65–68

Obligations by program, FY 2002, 65–68

Obligations trends, FY 1992–2002:

budget category:

constant dollars, 70–71

current dollars, 70–71

budget history, 69

funding mechanism, 72, 74–76

Institute-initiated awards and investigator-initiated awards, 

73–74

Obligations, extramural, by state and institution, FY 2002 (See 

Funding of grants, contracts, and training)

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT), 84, 90, 112, 114

P

Pathobiology of Fibrotic Lung Disease, 99, 102

Pathobiology of Lung Development, 99, 102

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research Network, 84, 90, 117, 

118, 121

Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases, 99, 101

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG), 

116, 118, 126, 143

Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiac Complications of HIV Infection 

(P2C2), 116, 118, 125

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 84, 96

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, 84, 90

Placebo Effects in Clinical Practice, 58

Placebo Effects: Elucidation of Underlying Mechanisms, 58

PREMIER: Lifestyle Interventions for Blood Pressure Control, 

84, 90, 112, 114, 134

Prevention of Events With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 

Inhibitor Therapy (PEACE), 115, 118, 121–122

Program Overview, 11–26

Program Project Grants (P01), 77, 173

Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy, 84, 90–91

Programs of Genomic Applications (PGAs) for Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Diseases, 84, 91–92

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis-II 

(PIOPED II), 84, 96, 113, 114
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Index

184

Proteomics Initiative, 106, 108–109

Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) Community Trial, 115, 118, 

122

Pulmonary diseases (See Lung diseases)

R

Reference Laboratory to Evaluate Therapies for Sickle Cell 

Disease, 85, 97, 142

Research Activity, types of, 173–176

Research and development contracts (See also individual 

programs and studies), 105–110:

by program, FY 2002, 65–68

Institute-initiated clinical trials, 115–116, 118

Research Career Programs, 65–68, 174–175:

awards, FY 1992–2002, 149

minority biomedical research, FY 1992–2002, 151

obligation trends, FY 1992–2002, 150

Research grants:

by category, FY 2002, 77

by funding mechanism, 77

clinical trials, 111–114

investigator-initiated and Institute-initiated, FY 1992–2002, 81

obligation trends, FY 1992–2002, 78

Research project grants:

amount funded, FY 1992–2002, 82

applications reviewed and awarded, FY 1992–2002, 80

average costs, FY 1992–2002, 83

by category, 77

by funding mechanism, 77

by program, 66–68

facility and administrative costs, 82

Research Training and Career Development (See also Research 

Career Programs):

full-time training positions, FY 1992–2002, 145–146, 148

history of training obligations, FY 1992–2002, 147

minority biomedical obligations, 151

research career programs: awards and obligations, FY 1992–

2002, 149–151

supplements program: awards and obligations, FY 1992–2002, 

151–152

Resuscitation: SBIR/STTR Technologies for Monitoring and 

Performing, 57

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS), 106, 110

Role of Infectious Agents in Vascular Diseases, 55

S

Sarcoidosis Genetic Linkage Consortium, 84, 96, 140

Scleroderma Lung Study, 84, 96–97, 113, 114

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and Transplantation, 85, 97, 

113, 114, 142

Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee, 61

Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Children, 58

Sleep Heart Health Study, 85, 98

Specialized Centers of Research (P50) Program, 99

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR):

Acute Lung Injury, 99, 101

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis, 99, 101

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma, 56, 99, 101–

102

Gene Transfer Principles for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

99, 100

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology, 99, 102

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders, 99, 102

Ischemic Heart Disease in Blacks, 99, 100, 138

Ischemic Heart Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, Heart Failure, 

99, 100

Molecular Genetics of Hypertension, 99, 100, 133

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis, 55, 99, 100

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea, 99, 103

Pathobiology of Fibrotic Lung Disease, 56, 99, 102

Pathobiology of Lung Development, 56, 99, 102

Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases, 99, 101

Transfusion Biology and Medicine, 99, 103

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS), 84, 92, 

113, 114

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP II), 85, 97, 113, 

114, 143

Strong Heart Study, 84, 92, 132

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT), 84, 92, 

112, 114

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH), 84, 93, 

113, 114

T

T-Cell Depletion in Unrelated Donor Marrow Transplantation, 

116, 118, 126–127

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network, 85, 

98, 117, 118, 127, 143

Transfusion Biology and Medicine, 99, 103

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network, 

56, 85, 98, 117, 118, 127

Translational Behavioral Science Research Consortium, 106, 109

Treatment of HAART-Associated Metabolic Changes in Patients 

With HIV Infection, 58

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), 84, 93, 117, 118, 

122, 137

Trials Assessing Innovative Strategies to Improve Clinical 

Practice Through Guidelines in Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases, 57
NHLBI FY 2002 Fact Book

Index

185

W

Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and Estrogen Trial (WAVE), 

115, 118, 122

Women’s Health Initiative, 11, 12, 20–21, 33, 34, 68, 116, 118, 

128–129, 143

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE), 84, 93, 112, 

114, 115, 118, 122–123
Discrimination Prohibited:

Under provisions of applicable

public laws enacted by 

Congress since 1964, no person

in the United States shall, on 

the grounds of race, color,

national origin, handicap, or

age, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program

or activity (or, on the basis of

sex, with respect to any education program or activity)

receiving Federal financial

assistance. In addition,

Executive Order 11141 prohibits discrimination on the

basis of age by contractors and

subcontractors in the performance of Federal contracts, 

and Executive Order 11246

states that no federally funded

contractor may discriminate

against any employee or applicant for employment because 

of race, color, religion, sex, or

national origin. Therefore, 

the Heart, Lung, and Blood

Institute must be operated in

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and Executive Orders.
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