As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

California Environmental Protection Agency

AIR RESOURCES BOARD

CALIFORNIA 2015 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL CRITERIA POLLUTANT EXHAUST 

EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES AND 2017 AND SUBSEQUENT 

MODEL GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST 

PROCEDURES FOR PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND 

MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES

Adopted: March 22, 2012
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

NOTE: This document is incorporated by reference in sections 1961.2(d), title 13, California 

Code of Regulations (CCR). It contains the majority of the requirements necessary for 

certification of a passenger car, light-duty truck, or medium-duty vehicle for sale in California, in 

addition to containing the exhaust emission standards and test procedures for these motor 

vehicles. However, reference is made in these test procedures to other ARB documents that 

contain additional requirements necessary to complete an application for certification. These 

other documents are designed to be used in conjunction with this document. They include: 

1. “California 2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures and 2009 through 2016 Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Vehicles” (incorporated by reference in sections 1960.1(k) and 1961(d), title 13, CCR);

2. “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 through 

2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, LightDuty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” (incorporated by reference in section 1962.1, 

title 13, CCR);

3. “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and 

Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, 

Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” (incorporated by reference in section 

1962.2, title 13, CCR);

4. “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and 

Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles” (incorporated by reference in section 1976(c), title 13, CCR);

5. “California Refueling Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and 

Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles” (incorporated by reference in section 1978(b), title 13, CCR);

6. OBD II (section 1968, et seq. title 13, CCR, as applicable);

7. “California Environmental Performance Label Specifications for 2009 and 

Subsequent Model Year Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger 

Vehicles” (incorporated by reference in section 1965, title 13, CCR);

8. Warranty Requirements (sections 2037 and 2038, title 13, CCR);

9. “Specifications for Fill Pipes and Openings of 2015 and Subsequent Motor 

Vehicle Fuel Tanks” (incorporated by reference in section 2235, title 13, CCR); 

10. “Guidelines for Certification of 2003 and Subsequent Model-Year Federally 

Certified Light-Duty Motor Vehicles for Sale in California (incorporated by reference in section 

1960.5, title 13, CCR); 

11. “California Non-Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures,” (incorporated by 

reference in section 1961.2(d), title 13, CCR);
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

12. “California Test Procedures for Evaluating Substitute Fuels and New Clean Fuels 

in 2015 and Subsequent Years,” (incorporated by reference in section 2317, title 13, CCR).

The section numbering conventions for this document are set forth in Part I, section A.3 on 

page A-2.
i

Table of Contents

Section Page No.

PART I: GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR CERTIFICATION AND IN-USE 

VERIFICATION OF EMISSIONS..................................................................... 1

A. GENERAL APPLICABILITY.....................................................................................................1

1. §86.1801 APPLICABILITY.............................................................................................................1

2. CALIFORNIA PROVISIONS..........................................................................................................3

3. §86.1802 SECTION NUMBERING; CONSTRUCTION................................................................3

B. DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS..........................................................1

1. §86.1803 DEFINITIONS..................................................................................................................1

2. CALIFORNIA DEFINITIONS.........................................................................................................1

3. §86.1804 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS. .......................................................................8

C. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATION.........................................................1

1. §86.1805 USEFUL LIFE. .................................................................................................................1

2. §86.1806 ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS. .........................................................................................1

3. §86.1807 VEHICLE LABELING....................................................................................................1

4. §86.1808 MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS...............................................................................4

5. §86.1809 PROHIBITION OF DEFEAT DEVICES. .......................................................................4

D. §86.1810 GENERAL STANDARDS; INCREASE IN EMISSIONS; UNSAFE 

CONDITIONS; WAIVERS ..........................................................................................................1

1. §86.1810-09. ....................................................................................................................................1

2. SUPPLEMENTAL FTP GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR CALIFORNIA. .....................................2

E. CALIFORNIA EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS. ............................................................1

1. EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS. ..........................................................................................2

2. EMISSION STANDARDS PHASE-IN REQUIREMENTS FOR MANUFACTURERS. ............22

3. CALCULATION OF CREDITS/DEBITS......................................................................................61

4. LEV III INTERIM IN-USE COMPLIANCE STANDARDS.........................................................67

5. SEVERABILITY............................................................................................................................70

F. REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR DURABILITY DEMONSTRATION..........1

1. §86.1820 DURABILITY GROUP DETERMINATION..................................................................1

2. §86.1821 EVAPORATIVE/REFUELING EMISSION FAMILY DETERMINATION..................1

3. §86.1822 DURABILITY DATA VEHICLE SELECTION..............................................................1

4. §86.1823 DURABILITY DEMONSTRATION PROCEDURES FOR EXHAUST EMISSIONS. .1

5. §86.1824 DURABILITY DEMONSTRATION PROCEDURES FOR EVAPORATIVE

EMISSIONS. ....................................................................................................................................1

6. §86.1825 DURABILITY DEMONSTRATION PROCEDURES FOR REFUELING EMISSIONS.

..........................................................................................................................................................1

7. §86.1826 ASSIGNED DETERIORATION FACTORS FOR SMALL VOLUME 

MANUFACTURERS AND SMALL VOLUME TEST GROUPS. .................................................1

G. PROCEDURES FOR DEMONSTRATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH EMISSION 

STANDARDS .................................................................................................................................1

1. §86.1827 TEST GROUP DETERMINATION.................................................................................1

2. §86.1828 EMISSION DATA VEHICLE SELECTION ...................................................................1
ii

3. §86.1829 DURABILITY DATA AND EMISSION DATA TESTING REQUIREMENTS; 

WAIVERS. .......................................................................................................................................1

4. §86.1830 ACCEPTANCE OF VEHICLES FOR TESTING............................................................3

5. §86.1831 MILEAGE ACCUMULATION REQUIREMENTS FOR TEST VEHICLES. ...............3

6. §86.1832-01 OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT AND AIR CONDITIONING..........................................4

7. §86.1833-01 ADJUSTABLE PARAMETERS.................................................................................4

8. §86.1834 ALLOWABLE MAINTENANCE....................................................................................4

9. §86.1835 CONFIRMATORY CERTIFICATION TESTING. .........................................................4

10. §86.1836-01 MANUFACTURER-SUPPLIED PRODUCTION VEHICLES FOR TESTING........4

11. §86.1837 ROUNDING OF EMISSION MEASUREMENTS. .........................................................4

12. §86.1838 SMALL VOLUME MANUFACTURERS CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES. ............4

13. §86.1839 CARRYOVER OF CERTIFICATION DATA.................................................................4

14. §86.1840 SPECIAL TEST PROCEDURES. ....................................................................................4

H. CERTIFICATION, INFORMATION AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.....................1

1. §86.1841 COMPLIANCE WITH EMISSION STANDARDS FOR THE PURPOSE OF 

CERTIFICATION ............................................................................................................................1

2. §86.1842 ADDITION OF A VEHICLE AFTER CERTIFICATION; AND CHANGES TO A 

VEHICLE COVERED BY CERTIFICATION. ...............................................................................3

3. §86.1843 GENERAL INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS............................................................3

4. §86.1844 INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS: APPLICATION FOR CERTIFICATION AND 

SUBMITTAL OF INFORMATION UPON REQUEST. .................................................................3

I. IN-USE COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES .......................................1

1. §86.1845 MANUFACTURER IN-USE VERIFICATION TESTING REQUIREMENTS..............1

2. §86.1846 MANUFACTURER IN-USE CONFIRMATORY TESTING REQUIREMENTS..........3

3. §86.1847 MANUFACTURER IN-USE VERIFICATION AND IN-USE CONFIRMATORY 

TESTING; SUBMITTAL OF INFORMATION AND MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS. . ..........3

APPENDICES I, II, AND III TO §86.1845-01 ..............................................................................................4

J. PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................1

1. §86.1848-10 CERTIFICATION. .....................................................................................................1

2. §86.1849-01 RIGHT OF ENTRY.....................................................................................................1

3. §86.1850-01 DENIAL, SUSPENSION OR REVOCATION OF CERTIFICATE OF 

CONFORMITY. ...............................................................................................................................1

4. §86.1851 APPLICATION OF GOOD ENGINEERING JUDGMENT TO MANUFACTURERS' 

DECISIONS......................................................................................................................................1

5. §86.1852 WAIVERS FOR GOOD IN-USE EMISSION PERFORMANCE. ..................................1

6. §86.1853 CERTIFICATION HEARINGS. ......................................................................................1

7. §86.1854-12 PROHIBITED ACTS. .................................................................................................1

8. §§86.1855 - 86.1859. ........................................................................................................................1

9. §86.1860-04 HOW TO COMPLY WITH THE TIER 2 AND INTERIM TIER 2 FLEET 

AVERAGE NOX STANDARDS. ....................................................................................................1

10. §86.1861-04 HOW DO THE TIER 2 AND INTERIM TIER 2 NOX AVERAGING, BANKING 

AND TRADING PROGRAMS WORK? .........................................................................................1

11. §86.1862-04 MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS AND SUBMITTAL OF INFORMATION 

RELEVANT TO COMPLIANCE WITH FLEET AVERAGE NOX STANDARDS......................1

12. §86.1863-07 OPTIONAL CHASSIS CERTIFICATION FOR DIESEL VEHICLES......................1

13. §86.1865-12 HOW TO COMPLY WITH THE FLEET AVERAGE CO2 STANDARDS. .............1

14. §86.1866-12 CO2 FLEET AVERAGE CREDIT PROGRAMS. ......................................................1

15. §86.1867-12 OPTIONAL EARLY CO2 CREDIT PROGRAMS. ....................................................1
iii

PART II: CALIFORNIA EXHAUST AND PARTICULATE EMISSION TEST 

PROCEDURES FOR PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS AND 

MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES............................................................................. 1

A. 40 CFR PART 86, SUBPART B - EMISSION REGULATIONS FOR 1977 AND LATER 

MODEL YEAR NEW LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES AND NEW LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS 

AND NEW OTTO-CYCLE COMPLETE HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES; TEST 

PROCEDURES..............................................................................................................................1

100.1 GENERAL APPLICABILITY. ........................................................................................................1

100.2 EQUIPMENT AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS. ......................................................................1

100.3 CERTIFICATION FUEL SPECIFICATIONS.................................................................................1

100.4 CALIBRATION METHODS AND FREQUENCY.........................................................................9

100.5 TEST PROCEDURES AND DATA REQUIREMENTS...............................................................10

B. SUBPART C - EMISSION REGULATIONS FOR 1994 AND LATER MODEL YEAR 

GASOLINE-FUELED NEW LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES, NEW LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS 

AND NEW MEDIUM-DUTY PASSENGER VEHICLES; COLD TEMPERATURE TEST 

PROCEDURES............................................................................................................................21

200.1 CALIFORNIA APPLICABILITY..................................................................................................21

200.2 CALIFORNIA EQUIPMENT REQUIRED; OVERVIEW. ...........................................................21

C. 50oF EMISSION TEST PROCEDURE. ....................................................................................23

D. UNIFIED CYCLE DRIVING SCHEDULE. .............................................................................24

E. HIGHWAY DRIVING SCHEDULE. ........................................................................................28

F. US06 BAG 2 DRIVING SCHEDULE. .......................................................................................31

G. HOT 1435 UNIFIED CYCLE DRIVING SCHEDULE. ..........................................................33
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

A-1

CALIFORNIA 2015 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL CRITERIA POLLUTANT EXHAUST 

EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES AND 2017 AND SUBSEQUENT 

MODEL GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST 

PROCEDURES FOR

PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES

The provisions of Subparts B, C, and S, Part 86, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as 

adopted or amended on May 4, 1999 or as last amended on such other date set forth next to the 

40 CFR Part 86 section title listed below, and to the extent they pertain to exhaust emission 

standards and test procedures, are hereby adopted as the “California 2015 and Subsequent Model 

Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent 

Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures Passenger Cars, 

Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” with the following exceptions and additions.

PART I: GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR CERTIFICATION AND IN-USE 

VERIFICATION OF EMISSIONS

A. General Applicability

1. §86.1801 Applicability.

1.1 §86.1801-12. [Insert Federal Register for the 2017 and subsequent MY National 

Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75361 (December 1, 2011)]. 

Amend as follows:

1.1.1 Amend subparagraph (a) as follows: Except as otherwise indicated, the 

provisions of this subpart apply to new passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty 

vehicles, including multi-fueled, alternative fueled, hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid electric, 

and electric vehicles. In cases where a provision applies only to a certain vehicle group 

based on its model year, vehicle class, motor fuel, engine type, or other distinguishing 

characteristics, the limited applicability is cited in the appropriate section of this subpart. 

1.1.2 Subparagraph (b) Aftermarket conversions. [n/a]

1.1.3 Amend subparagraph (c) Optional Applicability as follows:

(a) Subparagraph (c)(1) [n/a]

(b) Amend subparagraph (c)(2) as follows: A manufacturer must certify any

heavy-duty complete Otto-cycle vehicle or complete diesel vehicle of 14,000 pounds 

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) or less and any medium-duty passenger vehicle in 

accordance with the medium-duty chassis-standards of section E.1 of these test 

procedures. For the 2015 through 2021 model years, a manufacturer must certify all LEV 

II heavy-duty engines or vehicles of 14,000 pounds GVWR or less, excluding mediumduty passenger vehicles, to the medium-duty engine standards in title 13, CCR, section 

1956.8 (c) or (h), as applicable. For the 2022 and subsequent model years, a 

manufacturer must certify any heavy-duty vehicle of 10,000 pounds GVWR or less, 

including incomplete Otto-cycle vehicles and incomplete heavy-duty diesel vehicles, in 

accordance with the LEV III medium-duty chassis-standards of section E.1 of these test 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

A-2

procedures. A manufacturer must certify any heavy-duty engine and vehicle of 10,001-

14,000 pounds GVWR to the medium-duty engine standards in title 13, CCR, section 

1956.8 (c) or (h), as applicable. A manufacturer may request to certify LEV II heavyduty complete diesel vehicles of 14,000 pounds GVWR or less and LEV III heavy-duty 

complete diesel vehicles of 10,001 - 14,000 pounds GVWR to the chassis-standards in 

section E.1 of these test procedures; heavy-duty engine or heavy-duty vehicle provisions 

of 40 CFR Part 86 subpart A do not apply to such a vehicle or engine. [No change.]

(c) Subparagraph (c)(3) [No change.]

(d) Subparagraph (c)(4) [n/a; aftermarket conversions]

(e) Subparagraph (c)(5) [n/a]

1.1.4 Amend subparagraph (d) as follows: Small volume manufacturers. 

Special certification procedures are available for any manufacturer whose projected or actual 

combined California sales of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, medium-duty vehicles, heavyduty vehicles and heavy-duty engines in its product line are fewer than 4,500 units based on 

the average number of vehicles sold for the three previous consecutive model years for which 

a manufacturer seeks certification. For manufacturers certifying for the first time in 

California, model-year production volume shall be based on projected California sales. The 

small-volume manufacturer's light- and medium-duty vehicle and truck certification 

procedures are described in 40 CFR §86.1838, as modified in section G.12 of these test 

procedures. 

1.1.5 Subparagraph (e). [n/a; NLEVs.] 

1.1.6 Subparagraph (f) [n/a; Tier 2 phase-in provisions]

1.1.7 Subparagraph (g) [n/a; Tier 2 phase-in provisions]

1.1.8 Subparagraph (h) [No change.]

1.1.9 Subparagraph (i) [No change.]

1.1.10 Subparagraph (j) [No change, except that this subparagraph shall only 

apply to vehicles certifying to the 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse gas program 

for the 2012 through 2016 model years, in accordance with the “California 2001 through 

2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2009

through 2016 Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles.”]

1.1.11 Subparagraph (k) [No change, except that this subparagraph shall only 

apply to vehicles certifying to the 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse gas program 

for the 2012 through 2016 model years, in accordance with the “California 2001 through 

2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2009

through 2016 Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles.”]
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

A-3

2. California Provisions.

2.1 References to “light-duty trucks” in 40 CFR 86 shall apply to both “light-duty 

trucks” and “medium-duty vehicles” in these procedures. References to “light-duty vehicles” 

shall apply to “passenger cars” in these procedures. References to dual fuel vehicles shall also 

mean bi-fuel vehicles. 

2.2 Any reference to vehicle sales throughout the United States shall mean vehicle 

sales in California.

2.3 Regulations concerning U.S. EPA hearings, U.S. EPA inspections, specific 

language on the Certificate of Conformity, evaporative emissions, high-altitude vehicles and 

testing, particulate and oxides of nitrogen averaging and test group standards applicable in such 

averaging, alternative useful life, selective enforcement audit, Certification Short Test, and 

heavy-duty engines and vehicles shall not be applicable to these procedures, except where 

specifically noted.

2.4 Regulations both herein and in Title 40, CFR Part 86, Subparts B, C, and S, 

concerning Otto-cycle and diesel-cycle vehicles shall be applicable to ethanol-fueled vehicles, 

including dual fuel, bi-fuel and fuel-flexible vehicles, except where specifically noted otherwise. 

2.5 For engines used in medium-duty vehicles that are not distinctly diesel engines 

nor derived from such, the Executive Officer shall determine whether the engines shall be 

subject to diesel or Otto-cycle engine regulations, in consideration of the relative similarity of the 

engines' torque-speed characteristics and vehicle applications with those of Otto-cycle and diesel 

engines.

2.6 Regulations concerning federal OBD system requirements shall mean the 

California OBD requirements, except where specifically noted otherwise. 

3. §86.1802 Section Numbering; Construction.

3.1 §86.1802-01. [No change.]

3.2 The section numbering convention employed in these test procedures, in order of 

priority, is A.1.1.1. in order to distinguish California procedures and requirements from those of 

the U.S. EPA. References in these test procedures to specific sections of the Code of Federal 

Regulations maintain the same numbering system employed in the Code of Federal Regulations.

3.3 In cases where the entire CFR section is incorporated by reference with no 

modifications, the notation “[No change.]” is used. In cases where there are no changes to the 

CFR language but there are additional California requirements, the notation “[No change.]” is 

used and the additional California requirements are then noted in a separate subsection with the 

numbering convention set forth in subparagraph 3.2, above. 

3.4 The notation “[n/a]” indicates that the subject matter of the federal regulation does 

not apply to California passenger cars, light-duty trucks, or medium-duty vehicles. In some 

cases the subject of the federal regulation is indicated in the bracket for clarity.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

B-1

B. Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations

1. §86.1803 Definitions.

1.1 §86.1803-01. [Insert Federal Register for the 2017 and subsequent MY National 

Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75361 (December 1, 2011)]. 

[No change, except as otherwise noted below.]

2. California Definitions.

“AB 965 vehicle” means a vehicle certified pursuant to section 1960.5, title 13, CCR.

“A/C Direct Emissions” means any refrigerant releases from a motor vehicle's air 

conditioning system.

“Active Aerodynamic Improvements” means technologies that are activated only at 

certain speeds to improve aerodynamic efficiency by a minimum of three percent, while 

preserving other vehicle attributes or functions.

“Active Cabin Ventilation” means devices that mechanically move heated air from the 

cabin interior to the exterior of the vehicle.

“Active Transmission Warmup” means a system that uses waste heat from the exhaust 

system to warm the transmission fluid to an operating temperature range quickly using a heat 

exchanger in the exhaust system, increasing the overall transmission efficiency by reducing 

parasitic losses associated with the transmission fluid, such as losses related to friction and fluid 

viscosity.

“Active Engine Warmup” means a system using waste heat from the exhaust system to 

warm up targeted parts of the engine so that it reduces engine friction losses and enables the 

closed-loop fuel control more quickly. It would allow a faster transition from cold operation to 

warm operation, decreasing CO2 emissions, and increasing fuel economy. 

“Active Seat Ventilation” means a device that draws air from the seating surface which 

is in contact with the occupant and exhausts it to a location away from the seat. 

“Administrator” means the Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board (ARB).

“Air basin” means any California air basin that is described in sections 60100 through 

60114, title 17, CCR.

“Alcohol fuel” means either methanol or ethanol as those terms are defined in these test 

procedures.

“All-Electric Range Test” means a test sequence used to determine the range of an 

electric or hybrid electric vehicle without the use of its auxiliary power unit. The All-Electric 

Range Test is described in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 

2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” and the “California 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model ZeroEmission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and 

Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes.”

“Battery assisted combustion engine vehicle” means any vehicle that allows power to 

be delivered to the driven wheels solely by a combustion engine, but which uses a battery pack to 

store energy which may be derived through remote charging, regenerative braking, and/or a 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

B-2

flywheel energy storage system or other means which will be used by an electric motor to assist 

in vehicle operation.

“Bi-fuel vehicle” is any motor vehicle that is engineered and designed to be capable of 

operating on two fuels wherein the two fuels are stored on board in separate fuel tanks and 

metered separately, but in operation the two fuels are combusted together. 

“Blower motor controls which limit waste energy” means a method of controlling fan 

and blower speeds that does not use resistive elements to decrease the voltage supplied to the 

motor.

“Certificate of Conformity” means Executive Order certifying vehicles for sale in 

California.

“Certification” means certification as defined in section 39018 of the Health and Safety 

Code.

“Certification level” means the official exhaust or evaporative emission result from an 

emission-data vehicle which has been adjusted by the applicable mass deterioration factor and is 

submitted to the Executive Officer for use in determining compliance with an emission standard 

for the purpose of certifying a particular test group.

“Dedicated Ethanol-Fueled Vehicle” means any ethanol-fueled motor vehicle that is 

engineered and designed to be operated solely on ethanol.

“Dedicated Methanol Vehicle” means any methanol-fueled motor vehicle that is 

engineered and designed to be operated solely on methanol.

“Default to recirculated air mode” means that the default position of the mechanism 

which controls the source of air supplied to the air conditioning system shall change from outside 

air to recirculated air when the operator or the automatic climate control system has engaged the 

air conditioning system (i.e., evaporator is removing heat), except under those conditions where 

dehumidification is required for visibility (i.e., defogger mode). In vehicles equipped with 

interior air quality sensors (e.g., humidity sensor, or carbon dioxide sensor), the controls may 

determine proper blend of air supply sources to maintain freshness of the cabin air and prevent 

fogging of windows while continuing to maximize the use of recirculated air. At any time, the 

vehicle operator may manually select the non-recirculated air setting during vehicle operation but 

the system must default to recirculated air mode on subsequent vehicle operations (i.e., next 

vehicle start). The climate control system may delay switching to recirculation mode until the 

interior air temperature is less than the outside air temperature, at which time the system must 

switch to recirculated air mode.

“Diesel Engine” means any engine powered with diesel fuel, gaseous fuel, or alcohol 

fuel for which diesel engine speed/torque characteristics and vehicle applications are retained.

“Dual-fuel vehicle” means any motor vehicle that is engineered and designed to be 

capable of operating on gasoline or diesel and on compressed natural gas or liquefied petroleum 

gas, with separate fuel tanks for each fuel on-board the vehicle. In operation, only one fuel is 

used at a time.

“Electric Heater Circulation Pump” means a pump system installed in a stop-start 

equipped vehicle or in a hybrid electric vehicle or plug-in hybrid electric vehicle that continues 

to circulate hot coolant through the heater core when the engine is stopped during a stop-start 

event. This system must be calibrated to keep the engine off for 1 minute or more when the 

external ambient temperature is 30o F.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

B-3

“Emergency Vehicle” means a motor vehicle manufactured primarily for use as an 

ambulance or combination ambulance-hearse or for use by the United States Government or a 

State or local government for law enforcement.

“Engine Heat Recovery” means a system that captures heat that would otherwise be lost 

through the exhaust system or through the radiator and converting that heat to electrical energy 

that is used to meet the electrical requirements of the vehicle. Such a system must have a 

capacity of at least 100W to achieve 0.7 g/mi of credit. Every additional 100W of capacity will 

result in an additional 0.7 g/mi of credit. 

“Engine Start-Stop” means a technology which enables a vehicle to automatically turn 

off the engine when the vehicle comes to a rest and restart the engine when the driver applies 

pressure to the accelerator or releases the brake.

“EPA Vehicle Simulation Tool" means the "EPA Vehicle Simulation Tool" as 

incorporated by reference in 40 CFR §86.1 in the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for EPA’s 

2017 and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Program, as proposed November 16, 2011 

[Insert Federal Register for the 2017 and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as 

proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75357 (December 1, 2011)], which is incorporated by reference

in section 1961.2, title 13, CCR.

“Ethanol” means any fuel for motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines that is composed 

of either commercially available or chemically pure ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and gasoline as 

specified in Part II, Section A.100.3 (Certification Fuel Specifications) of these test procedures. 

The required fuel blend is based on the type of ethanol-fueled vehicle being certified and the 

particular aspect of the certification procedure being conducted.

“Footprint” means the product of average track width (rounded to the nearest tenth of an 

inch) and wheelbase (measured in inches and rounded to the nearest tenth of an inch), divided by 

144 and then rounded to the nearest tenth of a square foot, where the average track width is the 

average of the front and rear track widths, where each is measured in inches and rounded to the 

nearest tenth of an inch.

“Fuel-fired heater” means a fuel burning device that creates heat for the purpose of 

warming the passenger compartment of a vehicle but does not contribute to the propulsion of the 

vehicle.

“Fuel-Flexible Vehicle” or “FFV” means any motor vehicle engineered and designed to 

be operated on a petroleum fuel and an alcohol fuel, or any mixture of the two. Alcohol-fueled 

vehicles that are only marginally functional when using gasoline (e.g., the engine has a drop in 

rated horsepower of more than 80 percent) are not flexible fuel vehicles.

“Full-size pickup truck” means a light-duty truck that has a passenger compartment and 

an open cargo box and which meets the following specifications:

1. A minimum cargo bed width between the wheelhouses of 48 inches, measured as 

the minimum lateral distance between the limiting interferences (pass-through) of the 

wheelhouses. The measurement shall exclude the transitional arc, local protrusions, and 

depressions or pockets, if present. An open cargo box means a vehicle where the cargo box 

does not have a permanent roof. Vehicles sold with detachable covers are considered “open” 

for the purposes of these criteria.

2. A minimum open cargo box length of 60 inches, where the length is defined by 

the lesser of the pickup bed length at the top of the body and the pickup bed length at the 

floor, where the length at the top of the body is defined as the longitudinal distance from the 

inside front of the pickup bed to the inside of the closed endgate as measured at the cargo 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

B-4

floor surface along vehicle centerline, and the length at the floor is defined as the longitudinal 

distance from the inside front of the pickup bed to the inside of the closed endgate as 

measured at the cargo floor surface along vehicle centerline. 

3. A minimum towing capability of 5,000 pounds, where minimum towing 

capability is determined by subtracting the gross vehicle weight rating from the gross 

combined weight rating, or a minimum payload capability of 1,700 pounds, where minimum 

payload capability is determined by subtracting the curb weight from the gross vehicle 

weight rating.

“Global Warming Potential” or “GWP” means the global warming potential of the 

refrigerant over a 100-year horizon, as specified in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 

(IPCC) 2007: Climate Change 2007 – The Physical Science Basis. S. Solomon et al. (editors), 

Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental 

Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, 

USA, ISBN 0-521-70596-7 or determined by ARB if such information is not available in the 

IPCC Fourth Assessment Report

“Greenhouse gas” means the following gases: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, 

and hydrofluorocarbons. 

“Grid-connected hybrid electric vehicle” means a hybrid electric vehicle that has the 

capacity for the battery to be recharged from an off-board source of electricity and has some allelectric range.

“Heavy-duty engine” means an engine which is used to propel a heavy-duty vehicle.

“Heavy-duty vehicle” means any motor vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle 

weight rating greater than 8,500 pounds, except passenger cars.

“High Efficiency Exterior Lighting” means a lighting technology that, when installed 

on the vehicle, is expected to reduce the total electrical demand of the exterior lighting system by 

a minimum of 60 watts when compared to conventional lighting systems. To be eligible for this 

credit the high efficiency lighting must be installed in the following components: 

parking/position, front and rear turn signals, front and rear side markers, stop/brake lights 

(including the center-mounted location), taillights, backup/reverse lights, and license plate 

lighting.

“High-priced part” means a part determined to be high-priced in accordance with 

section 2037(c), title 13, CCR.

“Highway Test Cycle” means the driving schedule as set forth in Part II, Section F of 

these test procedures.

“Highway Test Procedures” means the Federal Test Procedure as set forth in Subpart B, 

40 CFR Part 86, as modified in Part II of these test procedures, except that emissions shall be 

measured using the Highway Driving Schedule as set forth in Part II, Section F.

“Hybrid electric vehicle” or “HEV” means any vehicle that can draw propulsion energy 

from both of the following on-vehicle sources of stored energy: 1) a consumable fuel and 2) an 

energy storage device such as a battery, capacitor, or flywheel.

“Improved condensers and/or evaporators” means that the coefficient of performance 

(COP) of air conditioning system using improved evaporator and condenser designs is 10 percent 

higher, as determined using the bench test procedures described in SAE J2765 ‘‘Procedure for 

Measuring System COP of a Mobile Air Conditioning System on a Test Bench,’’ when 

compared to a system using standard, or prior model year, component designs. SAE J2765 is 

incorporated by reference herein. The manufacturer must submit an engineering analysis 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

B-5

demonstrating the increased improvement of the system relative to the baseline design, where the 

baseline component(s) for comparison is the version which a manufacturer most recently had in 

production on the same vehicle design or in a similar or related vehicle model. The dimensional 

characteristics (e.g., tube configuration/thickness/spacing, and fin density) of the baseline 

component(s) shall be compared to the new component(s) to demonstrate the improvement in 

coefficient of performance.

“Incomplete vehicle” means any vehicle that does not have the primary load carrying 

device or container attached. In situations where individual marketing relationships makes the 

status of the vehicle questionable, the Executive Officer shall determine whether a specific 

model complies with the definition of incomplete vehicle.

“Large volume manufacturer” means a manufacturer that is not a small volume 

manufacturer.

“LEV II” refers to the standards that were initially adopted by the Board on August 5, 

1999 and are set forth in section E.1.1.1 of these test procedures.

“LEV III” refers to the standards that are set forth in section E.1.1.2 of these test 

procedures.

“Light-duty truck” or “LDT” means any motor vehicle rated at 8,500 pounds gross 

vehicle weight or less, that is designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or is a 

derivative of such a vehicle, or is available with special features enabling off-street or offhighway operation and use.

“LDT1” means a light-duty truck with a loaded vehicle weight of 0-3750 pounds.

“LDT2” means a light-duty truck with a loaded vehicle weight of 3751 to a gross vehicle 

weight of 8500 pounds.

“Low-emission vehicle” means any vehicle certified to low-emission vehicle standards. 

“Medium-duty vehicle” or “MDV” means any heavy-duty vehicle having a 

manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating between 8,501 and 14,000 pounds. 

“Methanol” means any fuel for motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines that is 

composed of either commercially available or chemically pure methanol (CH3OH) and gasoline 

as specified in Part II, Section A.100.3.1 (Certification Fuel Specifications) of these procedures. 

The required fuel blend is based on the type of methanol-fueled vehicle being certified and the 

particular aspect of the certification procedure being conducted.

“Mild hybrid gasoline-electric vehicle” means a vehicle that has start/stop capability 

and regenerative braking capability, where the recaptured braking energy over the FTP is at least 

15 percent but less than 75 percent of the total braking energy, where the percent of recaptured 

braking energy is measured and calculated according to 40 CFR §600.108(g).

“Model Type” means a unique combination of car line, basic engine, and transmission 

class.

“2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse gas program” or “2012 through 2016 

MY National greenhouse gas final rule” means the national program that applies to new 2012 

through 2016 model year passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles 

as adopted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on April 1, 2010 (75 Fed. Reg. 25324, 

25677 (May 7, 2010)), as incorporated in and amended by these test procedures. 

“Natural gas vehicle” means any motor vehicle that is engineered and designed to be 

operated using either compressed natural gas or liquefied natural gas.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

B-6

“Non-methane organic gas” (or “NMOG”) means the sum of non-oxygenated and 

oxygenated hydrocarbons contained in a gas sample as measured in accordance with the 

“California Non-Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures.”

“Off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicle” means a hybrid electric vehicle 

that has the capability to charge a battery from an off-vehicle electric energy source that cannot 

be connected or coupled to the vehicle in any manner while the vehicle is being driven. A gridconnected hybrid electric vehicle is one example of an off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric 

vehicle.

“Oil separator” means a mechanism that removes at least 50 percent of the oil entrained 

in the oil/refrigerant mixture exiting the compressor and returns it to the compressor housing or 

compressor inlet, or a compressor design that does not rely on the circulation of an oil/refrigerant 

mixture for lubrication.

“Organic material non-methane hydrocarbon equivalent” (or “OMNMHCE”) for 

methanol-fueled vehicles means the sum of the carbon mass contribution of non-oxygenated 

hydrocarbons (excluding methane), methanol, and formaldehyde as contained in a gas sample, 

expressed as gasoline-fueled hydrocarbons. For ethanol-fueled vehicles, “organic material 

non-methane hydrocarbon equivalent” (or “OMNMHCE”) means the sum of carbon mass

contribution of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons (excluding methane), methanol, ethanol, 

formaldehyde and acetaldehyde as contained in a gas sample, expressed as gasoline-fueled 

hydrocarbons.

“Ozone deterioration factor” means a factor applied to the mass of NMOG emissions 

from LEVs, LEV630s, LEV395s, LEV160s, ULEVs, ULEV570s, ULEV400s, ULEV340s, 

ULEV270s, ULEV250s, ULEV200s, ULEV125s, ULEV70s, ULEV50s, SULEV230s, 

SULEV200s, SULEV170s, SULEV150s, SULEV30s, or SULEV20s, which accounts for 

changes in the ozone-forming potential of the NMOG emissions from a vehicle as it accumulates 

mileage.

“Passenger car” or “PC” means any motor vehicle designed primarily for transportation 

of persons and having a design capacity of 12 persons or less.

“Passive Cabin Ventilation” means ducts or devices which utilize convective airflow to 

move heated air from the cabin interior to the exterior of the vehicle.

“Reduced reheat, with externally controlled, fixed-displacement or pneumatic 

variable displacement compressor” means a system in which the output of either compressor is 

controlled by cycling the compressor clutch off-and-on via an electronic signal, based on input 

from sensors (e.g., position or setpoint of interior temperature control, interior temperature, 

evaporator outlet air temperature, or refrigerant temperature) and air temperature at the outlet of 

the evaporator can be controlled to a level at 41°F, or higher.

“Reduced reheat, with externally-controlled, variable displacement compressor” 

means a system in which compressor displacement is controlled via an electronic signal, based 

on input from sensors (e.g., position or setpoint of interior temperature control, interior 

temperature, evaporator outlet air temperature, or refrigerant temperature) and air temperature at 

the outlet of the evaporator can be controlled to a level at 41°F, or higher.

“Small volume manufacturer” means any manufacturer whose projected or combined 

California sales of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, medium-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles 

and heavy-duty engines in its product line are fewer than 4,500 units based on the average 

number of vehicles sold for the three previous consecutive model years for which a manufacturer 

seeks certification. A manufacturer's California sales shall consist of all vehicles or engines 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

B-7

produced by the manufacturer and delivered for sale in California, except that vehicles or 

engines produced by the manufacturer and marketed in California by another manufacturer under 

the other manufacturer's nameplate shall be treated as California sales of the marketing 

manufacturer. 

Except as provided in the last paragraph of this definition, for the 2015 through 2017 

model years, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following situations: 

(1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of which is 10% or greater part owned by 

another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership 

of 10% or more in each of the firms; or (3) vehicles produced by two or more firms having a 

common corporate officer(s) who is (are) responsible for the overall direction of the companies; 

or (4) vehicles imported or distributed by any firms where the vehicles are manufactured by the 

same entity and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity.

Except as provided in the last paragraph of this definition, for the 2018 and subsequent 

model years, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following situations: 

(1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of which is 33.4% or greater part owned by 

another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership 

of 33.4% or more in each of the firms; or (3) vehicles produced by two or more firms having a 

common corporate officer(s) who is (are) responsible for the overall direction of the companies; 

or (4) vehicles imported or distributed by any firms where the vehicles are manufactured by the 

same entity and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity.

For the purposes of this paragraph, all manufacturers whose annual sales are aggregated 

together under the provisions of this definition shall be defined as “related manufacturers.” 

Notwithstanding such aggregation, the Executive Officer may make a determination of 

operational independence if all of the following criteria are met for at least 24 months preceding 

the application submittal: (1) for the three years preceding the year in which the initial 

application is submitted, the average California sales for the applicant does not exceed 4,500 

vehicles per year; (2) no financial or other support of economic value is provided by related 

manufacturers for purposes of design, parts procurement, R&D and production facilities and 

operation, and any other transactions between related manufacturers are conducted under normal 

commercial arrangements like those conducted with other parties, at competitive pricing rates to 

the manufacturer; (3) related manufacturers maintain separate and independent research and 

development, testing, and production facilities; (4) related manufacturers do not use any vehicle 

powertrains or platforms developed or produced by related manufacturers; (5) patents are not 

held jointly with related manufacturers; (6) related manufacturers maintain separate business 

administration, legal, purchasing, sales, and marketing departments, as well as autonomous 

decision-making on commercial matters; (7) the overlap of the Board of Directors between 

related manufacturers is limited to 25% with no sharing of top operational management, 

including president, chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and chief operating officer, 

and provided that no individual overlapping director or combination of overlapping directors 

exercises exclusive management control over either or both companies; and (8) parts or 

components supply between related companies must be established through open market process, 

and to the extent that the manufacturer sells parts/components to non-related manufacturers, it 

does so through the open market a competitive pricing. Any manufacturer applying for 

operational independence must submit to ARB an Attestation Engagement from an independent 

certified public accountant or firm of such accountants verifying the accuracy of the information 

contained in the application, as defined by and in accordance with the procedures established in 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

B-8

40 C.F.R. §80.125, as last amended January 19, 2007, which is incorporated by reference in 

section 1900, title 13, CCR. The applicant must submit information to update any of the above 

eight criteria as material changes to any of the criteria occur. If there are no material changes to 

any of the criteria, the applicant must certify that to the Executive Officer annually. With respect 

to any such changes, the Executive Officer may consider extraordinary conditions (e.g., changes 

to economic conditions, unanticipated market changes, etc.) and may continue to find the 

applicant to be operationally independent. In the event that a manufacturer loses eligibility as a 

“small volume manufacturer” after a material change occurs, the manufacturer must begin 

compliance with the primary emissions program in the third model year after the model year in 

which the manufacturer loses its eligibility. The Executive Officer may, in his or her discretion, 

re-establish lost “small volume manufacturer” status if the manufacturer shows that it has met the 

operational independence criteria for three consecutive years.

“Solar Reflective Paint” means a vehicle paint or surface coating which reflects at least 

65 percent of the impinging infrared solar energy, as determined using ASTM standards E903, 

E1918-06, or C1549-09. These ASTM standards are incorporated by reference, herein. 

“Solar Roof Panels” means the installation of solar panels on an electric vehicle or a 

plug-in hybrid electric vehicle such that the solar energy is used to provide energy to the electric 

drive system of the vehicle by charging the battery or directly providing power to the electric 

motor with the equivalent of at least 50 Watts of rated electricity output. 

“Strong hybrid gasoline-electric vehicle” means a vehicle that has start/stop capability 

and regenerative braking capability, where the recaptured braking energy over the Federal Test 

Procedure is at least 75 percent of the total braking energy, where the percent of recaptured 

braking energy is measured and calculated according to 40 CFR §600.108(g).

“Subconfiguration” means 

“Super-ultra-low-emission vehicle” means any vehicle certified to super-ultra-lowemission vehicle standards.

“Ultra-low-emission vehicle” means any vehicle certified to ultra-low-emission vehicle 

standards.

“Unified Cycle” or “UC” means the driving schedule as set forth in Part II, Section D of 

these test procedures.

“Zero-emission vehicle” or “ZEV” means any vehicle certified to the zero-emission 

standards set forth in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 

through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, 

Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” and the “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and 

Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle 

Classes.”

3. §86.1804 Acronyms and Abbreviations.

3.1 §86.1804-01 January 17, 2006. [No change.]

3.2 California Acronyms and Abbreviations.

“ALVW” means adjusted loaded vehicle weight, which is the average of a vehicle's curb 

weight and gross vehicle weight.

“CCR” means California Code of Regulations.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

B-9

“cc” means cubic centimeters.

“CFR” means Code of Federal Regulations.

"CH4" means methane.

"GHG" means greenhouse gas.

“GWP” means Global Warming Potential.

“HEV” means hybrid-electric vehicle.

“LDT” means light-duty truck.

“LDT1” means a light-duty truck with a loaded vehicle weight of 0-3750 pounds.

“LDT2” means a light-duty truck with a loaded vehicle weight of 3751 to a gross vehicle 

weight of 8500 pounds.

“LEV” means LEV II low-emission vehicle.

“LEV II vehicle” means any vehicle certified to the LEV II exhaust standards in section 

E.1.1.1.

“LEV III vehicle” means any vehicle certified to the LEV III exhaust standards in section 

E.1.1.2.

“LEV160” means any light-duty vehicle certified to LEV III low-emission vehicle 160 

standards.

“LEV395” means any medium-duty vehicle certified to LEV III low-emission vehicle

395 standards.

“LEV630” means any medium-duty vehicle certified to LEV III low-emission vehicle 

630 standards.

“LVW” means loaded vehicle weight.

“MDPV” means medium-duty passenger vehicle.

“MDV” means medium-duty vehicle.

“n/a” means not applicable.

“NHTSA” means National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

"N2O" means nitrous oxide.

“Non-Methane Organic Gases” or “NMOG” means the total mass of oxygenated and 

non-oxygenated hydrocarbon emissions.

“OBD” means on-board diagnostic system.

“PC” means passenger car.

“PZEV” means any vehicle that receives partial zero-emission vehicle credit, in 

accordance with the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 

through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, 

Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” and/or the “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and 

Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle 

Classes.”

“SULEV” means LEV II super-ultra-low-emission vehicle.

“SULEV20” means any light-duty vehicle certified to LEV III super-ultra-low-emission 

20 standards.

“SULEV30” means any light-duty vehicle certified to LEV III super-ultra-low-emission 

vehicle 30 standards.

“SULEV150” means any medium-duty vehicle certified to LEV III super-ultra-lowemission vehicle 150 standards.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

B-10

“SULEV170” means any medium-duty vehicle certified to LEV III super-ultra-lowemission vehicle 170 standards.

“SULEV200” means any medium-duty vehicle certified to LEV III super-ultra-lowemission vehicle 200 standards.

“SULEV230” means any medium-duty vehicle certified to LEV III super-ultra-lowemission vehicle 230 standards.

“UC” means Unified Cycle.

“ULEV” means LEV II ultra-low-emission vehicle.

“ULEV50” means any light-duty vehicle certified to LEV III ultra-low-emission vehicle 

50 standards. 

“ULEV70” means any light-duty vehicle certified to LEV III ultra-low-emission vehicle 

70 standards.

“ULEV125” means any light-duty vehicle certified to LEV III ultra-low-emission 

vehicle 125 standards.

“ULEV200” means any medium-duty vehicle certified to LEV III ultra-low-emission 

vehicle 200 standards.

“ULEV250” means any medium-duty vehicle certified to LEV III ultra-low-emission 

vehicle 250 standards.

“ULEV270” means any medium-duty vehicle certified to LEV III ultra-low-emission 

vehicle 270 standards.

“ULEV340” means any medium-duty vehicle certified to LEV III ultra-low-emission 

vehicle 340 standards.

“ULEV400” means any medium-duty vehicle certified to LEV III ultra-low-emission 

vehicle 400 standards.

“ULEV570” means any medium-duty vehicle certified to LEV III ultra-low-emission 

vehicle 570 standards.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

C-1

C. General Requirements for Certification

1. §86.1805 Useful Life. 

1.1 §86.1805-12. May 7, 2010. Amend as follows:

1.1.1 Amend subparagraph (a) as follows: The full useful life of passenger cars, 

light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles certified to the LEV III standards in section 

E.1.1.2 and/or to the SFTP 150,000 mile standards in section E.1.2.2 shall be 15 years or 

150,000 miles, whichever occurs first. These full useful life values apply to all exhaust, 

evaporative, and refueling emission requirements except for standards which are specified to 

only be applicable at the time of certification.

1.1.2 Amend subparagraph (b) as follows: The full useful life of passenger cars, 

light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles certified to the optional LEV II 150,000 mile 

standards in section E.1.1.1 shall be 15 years or 150,000 miles, whichever occurs first.

1.1.3 Subparagraph (c) [No change.]

1.1.4 Subparagraph (d) [No change.]

2. §86.1806 On-Board Diagnostics.

2.1 §86.1806-05. Delete. 

2.2 California On-Board Diagnostic System Requirements.

All vehicles shall be subject to the provisions of section 1968, et seq., title 13, CCR, as 

applicable. No vehicle shall be certified unless the Executive Officer finds that the vehicle 

complies with the requirements of section 1968, et seq., title 13, CCR, as applicable.

3. §86.1807 Vehicle Labeling.

3.1 §86.1807-07. July 13, 2005. Amend as follows:

3.1.1 Subparagraph (a). Add the following sentence to the introductory 

paragraph: The labeling requirements of this section shall apply to all new motor vehicles, 

and new motor vehicle engines certified according to the provisions of California Health and 

Safety Code Section 43100. 

3.1.2 Subparagraphs (a)(1) through (c)(1)(i). [No change.]

3.1.3 Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii): Amend as follows: For passenger cars, lightduty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles, the statement: "This vehicle conforms to California 

regulations applicable to XXX-fueled 20XX model-year new (specify LEV, LEV630, 

LEV395, LEV160, ULEV, ULEV570, ULEV400, ULEV340, ULEV270, ULEV250, 

ULEV200, ULEV125, ULEV70, ULEV50, SULEV, SULEV230, SULEV200, SULEV170, 

SULEV150, SULEV30, SULEV20, or ZEV, as applicable) (specify passenger cars, 

light-duty trucks, medium-duty vehicles)." For federally certified vehicles certified for sale 

in California the statement must include the phrase "conforms to U.S. EPA regulations and is 

certified for sale in California." Such statements shall not be used on labels placed on 

vehicles or engines which, in fact, do not comply with all applicable California regulations, 

including assembly-line test requirements, if any. 

3.1.4 Subparagraphs (c)(1)(iii) through (c)(3): [No change.]
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

C-2

3.1.5 Subparagraph (d): Delete and replace with: Incomplete medium-duty 

vehicles shall have the following statement printed prominently on the label required by 

paragraph (a)(3)(v) of this section: "This vehicle conforms to California regulations 

applicable to new 20xx model-year (specify LEV, LEV630, LEV395, LEV160, ULEV, 

ULEV570, ULEV400, ULEV340, ULEV270, ULEV250, ULEV200, ULEV125, ULEV70, 

ULEV50, SULEV, SULEV230, SULEV200, SULEV170, SULEV150, SULEV30, or 

SULEV20, as applicable) medium-duty vehicles when it does not exceed XXX pounds in 

curb weight, XXX pounds in gross vehicle weight rating, and XXX square feet in frontal 

area." 

3.1.6 Subparagraph (e): [No change.]

3.1.7 Subparagraph (f): [No change.]

3.1.8. Subparagraph (g): Add the following: The manufacturer shall obtain 

approval from the Executive Officer for all emission control label formats and locations prior 

to use. If the Executive Officer finds that the information on the label is vague or subject to 

misinterpretation, or that the location does not comply with these specifications, the 

Executive Officer may require that the label or its location be modified accordingly. 

Samples of all actual production emission control labels used within a test group shall be 

submitted to the Executive Officer within thirty days after the start of production. The 

Executive Officer may approve alternate label locations or may, upon request, waive or 

modify the label content requirements provided that the intent of these requirements is met. 

If the Executive Officer finds any motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine manufacturer using 

emission control labels which are different from those approved or which do not substantially 

comply with the readability or durability requirements set forth in these labeling 

requirements, the Executive Officer may invoke §2109, title 13, CCR.

3.2 California Labeling Requirements.

3.2.1. In addition to the federal requirements set forth in §86.1807, labeling shall 

conform with the requirements specified in section 1965, title 13, CCR and the “California 

Environmental Performance Label Specifications for 2009 and Subsequent Model Year 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles” as incorporated 

by reference in section 1965, title 13, CCR. In cases where there is conflict with the federal 

label specifications, the California requirements shall apply.

3.2.2. For all 2015 and subsequent model-year vehicles (except zero-emission 

vehicles (ZEVs)), the tune-up label shall also contain the following information lettered in 

the English language in block letters and numerals which shall be of a color that contrasts 

with the background of the label: 

(a) “CA OBD II" or "OBD Exempt". 

(b) Identification of the Exhaust Emission Control System, including but not 

limited to: 

AIR - Secondary Air Injection (Pump); 

CAC - Charge Air Cooler; 

CFI - Continuous Fuel Injection; 

CTOX - Continuous (Passive) Trap Oxidizer (Diesel Engine); 

DFI - Direct Fuel Injection; 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

C-3

DOR - Direct Ozone Reduction; 

DPF - Diesel Particulate Filter (Active); 

EGR - Exhaust Gas Recirculation; 

EGRC - EGR Cooler; 

EHOC - Electrically Heated Oxidation Catalyst; 

EHTWC - Electrically Heated Three-Way Catalyst; 

EM - Engine Modification; 

FFS - Flexible Fuel Sensor;

GPF - Particulate Filter for Spark-Ignited Engine;

HAC - Hydrocarbon Adsorbing Catalyst;

HO2S - Heated Oxygen Sensor; 

IFI - Indirect Fuel Injection; 

MFI - Multiport (Electronic) Fuel Injection, (Central) Multiport 

Fuel Injection;

NAC - NOx Adsorber Catalyst;

NH3OC - Ammonia Slip Catalyst;

NH3S - Ammonia Sensor;

NOXS - NOx Sensor; 

OC - Oxidation Catalyst Only; 

O2S - Oxygen Sensor; 

PAIR - Pulsed Secondary Air Injection; 

PMS - Particulate Matter Sensor; 

RDQS - Reductant Quality Sensor;

SC - Supercharger; 

SCRC - Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst (Urea-Based);

SCRC-NH3 - Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst (Ammonia-Based);

SFI - Sequential Multipoint (Electronic) Fuel Injection;

TBI - Throttle Body (Electronic) Fuel Injection; 

TC - Turbocharger; 

TWC - Three-Way Catalyst; 

TWC+OC - Three-Way Catalyst + Oxidation Catalyst; 

WR-HO2S - Wide Range/Linear/Air-Fuel Ratio Heated Oxygen Sensor;

WU-TWC - Warm-Up Catalyst with Three-Way Catalyst; 

WU-OC - Warm-Up Catalyst with Oxidation Catalyst.

Abbreviations used shall be in accordance with SAE J1930, October 2008, 

including the above nomenclature unless the Executive Officer approves a more 

current version of SAE J1930. For components not listed in SAE J1930, the 

manufacturer shall request Executive Officer approval of the abbreviations to be 

used for the components. Executive Officer approval shall be based on the 

consistency of the abbreviation with existing terminology used for the component 

in the applicable industry, ability to provide appropriate distinction from other 

similar components, and ability to be deciphered intuitively by users of the label.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

C-4

3.2.3 Manufacturers may elect to use a supplemental label in addition to the 

original label if there is not sufficient space to include all the required 

information. The supplemental label must conform to all specifications as the 

original label. In the case that a supplemental label is used, the original label shall 

be numbered "1 of 2" and the supplemental label shall be numbered "2 of 2."

3.2.4 Statements shall not be used on labels placed on vehicles or engines 

which, in fact, do not comply with all applicable California regulations, including 

assembly-line test requirements, if any. 

4. §86.1808 Maintenance Instructions.

4.1 §86.1808-07. July 13, 2005. [No change.]

5. §86.1809 Prohibition of Defeat Devices.

5.1 §86-1809-12. May 7, 2010. [No change.]
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

D-1

D. §86.1810 General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions; waivers 

1. §86.1810-09. July 6, 2011. Amend §86.1810-09 as follows:

This section applies to model year 2015 and later light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, 

and medium-duty vehicles fueled by gasoline, diesel, methanol, ethanol, natural gas and 

liquefied petroleum gas fuels. Multi-fueled vehicles (including bi-fueled, dual-fueled and 

flexible-fueled vehicles) shall comply with all requirements established for each consumed fuel 

(or blend of fuels in the case of flexible-fueled vehicles). This section also applies to hybrid 

electric vehicles. The standards of this subpart apply to both certification and in-use vehicles 

unless otherwise indicated. 

(a) through (d) [No change.]

(e) On-board diagnostics. Delete and replace with: 

All passenger cars, light-duty trucks and medium-duty vehicles are subject to the onboard diagnostic system requirements in section 1968 et seq., title 13, CCR, as applicable.

(f) Altitude Requirements. [No change, except that 50o

F standards shall only apply 

at low altitude conditions.]

(g) [No change.]

(h) [Delete; see D.1.1 below.]

(i) Supplemental FTP general provisions. [Delete; see D.2. below] 

(j) Evaporative emissions general provisions. [Delete. (The provisions of this 

section are contained the “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures 

for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, Medium-Duty Vehicles, 

Heavy-Duty Vehicles and Motorcycles.”)] 

(k) through (n) [Delete. (The provisions of these sections are contained the 

“California Refueling Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent 

Model Motor Vehicles.”)] 

(o) [Delete. See D.1.1 below]

(p) Amend as follows: For gasoline and diesel-fueled LEV II and LEV III vehicles,

manufacturers may measure non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in lieu of NMOG. For 

LEV II vehicles that are certified using the California Gasoline Fuel Specifications set forth 

in Part II, section 100.3.1.1, manufacturers must multiply NMHC measurements by an 

adjustment factor of 1.04 before comparing with the NMOG standard to determine 

compliance with the standard. For LEV III vehicles and LEV II vehicles that are certified 

using the California Gasoline Fuel Specifications set forth in Part II, section 100.3.1.2, 

manufacturers must multiply NMHC measurements by an adjustment factor of 1.1 before 

adding it to the measured NOx emissions and comparing with the NMOG+NOx standard to 

determine compliance with that standard. Manufacturers may use other factors to adjust 

NMHC results to more properly represent NMOG results. Such factors must be based upon

comparative testing of NMOG and NMHC emissions and be approved in advance by the 

Administrator. 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

D-2

1.1 Measurement of Hydrocarbon Emissions. 

1.1.1 Except as otherwise indicated in these test procedures, for vehicles fueled 

by gasoline, methanol, ethanol, natural gas, or liquefied petroleum gas and certified to the 

LEV II and LEV III standards, hydrocarbon emissions shall mean non-methane organic gases 

(NMOG) and shall be measured in accordance with the “California Non-Methane Organic 

Gas Test Procedures.” 

1.1.2 For diesel vehicles, NMOG shall mean non-methane hydrocarbons and 

shall be measured in accordance with Part B (Determination of NMHC Emissions by Flame 

Ionization Detection) of the “California Non-Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures.” 

1.1.3 For vehicles certifying to the SFTP standards set forth in section E.1.2 of 

these test procedures, hydrocarbon emissions shall be measured in accordance with Part B 

(Determination of NMHC Emissions by Flame Ionization Detection) of the “California NonMethane Organic Gas Test Procedures.” For alcohol-fueled vehicles certifying to the 

standards in section E.1.2, “Non-Methane Hydrocarbons” shall mean “Organic Material 

Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent.”

2. Supplemental FTP General Provisions for California. 

2.1 Amend 40 CFR §86.1810-09(i) as follows:

2.1.1 Delete subparagraphs (1) through (3) [The implementation schedules for 

SFTP are set forth in section E.2.4 of these test procedures.]

2.1.2 Delete subparagraph (4); replace with: The SFTP standards set forth in 

section E.1.2 of these test procedures apply to PCs, LDTs, and MDVs certified on alternative 

fuels. The standards also apply to the gasoline and diesel fuel operation of fuel-flexible PCs,

LDTs, and MDVs, and dual-fuel PCs, LDTs, and MDVs.

2.1.3 Subparagraph (5) [No change.]

2.1.4 Delete subparagraph (6); replace with: Air to Fuel Ratio Requirement. 

With the exception of cold-start conditions, warm-up conditions and rapid-throttle motion 

conditions (“tip-in” or “tip-out” conditions), the air to fuel ratio shall not be richer at any 

time than, for a given engine operating condition (e.g., engine speed, manifold pressure, 

coolant temperature, air charge temperature, and any other parameters), the leanest air to fuel 

mixture required to obtain maximum torque (lean best torque), with a tolerance of six percent 

of the fuel consumption. The Executive Officer may approve a manufacturer's request for 

approval to use additional enrichment in subsequent testing if the manufacturer demonstrates 

that additional enrichment is needed to protect the vehicle, occupants, engine, or emission 

control hardware.

2.1.5 Delete subparagraph (7); replace with: Single Roll Electric 

Dynamometer Requirement. For all vehicles certified to the SFTP standards, a single-roll 

electric dynamometer or a dynamometer that produces equivalent results, as set forth in 40 

CFR §86.108-00, must be used for all types of emission testing to determine compliance with 

the applicable emission standards. 

2.1.6 Delete subparagraph (8);

2.1.7 Subparagraphs (9) through (12) [No change.] 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

D-3

2.1.8 Subparagraph (13) [No change, except that references to Tier 2 and nonTier 2 vehicles shall mean California LEV II and LEV III vehicles and references to 

NMHC+NOx shall mean NMOG+NOx.]

2.1.9 Subparagraph (14); references to Tier 2 and non-Tier 2 vehicles shall 

mean California LEV II and LEV III vehicles.

Add the following sentence: The above provisions shall not apply to vehicles 

powered by “lean-burn” engines or Diesel-cycle engines. A “lean-burn” engine is defined as 

an Otto-cycle engine designed to run at an air-fuel ratio significantly greater than 

stoichiometry during the large majority of its operation.

2.2 For gasoline and diesel-fueled LEV II and LEV III vehicles, manufacturers may 

measure non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in lieu of NMOG. Manufacturers shall multiply 

NMHC measurements by an adjustment factor of 1.03 before adding it to the measured NOx 

emissions and comparing with the NMOG+NOx standard to determine compliance with that 

standard.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-1

E. California Exhaust Emission Standards.

Delete 40 CFR §§86.1811 through 86.1819. 

Introduction. The following section E. contains the exhaust emission standards and

phase-in requirements applicable to California passenger cars, light-duty trucks and mediumduty vehicles. A manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with the exhaust standards 

applicable to specific test groups, and with the composite phase-in requirements applicable to the 

manufacturer's entire fleet. For model years 2015 and 2016, a manufacturer shall demonstrate 

compliance with the requirements of sections E.2.5 and E.3.2 by demonstrating compliance with 

sections E.2.5 and E.3.2 of the “California 2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2009 through 2016 Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and MediumDuty Vehicles.”

For the 2015 through 2021 model years, a manufacturer has the option of certifying LEV 

II engines used in incomplete Otto-cycle and incomplete diesel medium-duty vehicles with a 

gross vehicle weight rating of greater than 8,500 lbs. GVW to the heavy-duty engine standards 

and test procedures set forth in title 13, CCR, sections 1956.8(c) and (h). All 2015 through 2021 

model LEV II medium-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than or equal to 

8,500 lbs. GVW and all LEV III medium-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of less 

than or equal to 10,000 lbs. GVW, including incomplete Otto-cycle medium-duty vehicles and 

medium-duty vehicles that use diesel cycle engines, must be certified to the chassis standards 

and test procedures set forth in this section E. For the 2022 and subsequent model years, a

manufacturer has the option of certifying LEV III engines used in incomplete Otto-cycle and 

incomplete diesel medium-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of greater than 

10,000 lbs. GVW to the heavy-duty engine standards and test procedures set forth in title 13, 

CCR, sections 1956.8(c) and (h). All 2022 and subsequent model medium-duty vehicles with a 

gross vehicle weight rating of less than or equal to 10,000 lbs. GVW, including incomplete Ottocycle medium-duty vehicles and medium-duty vehicles that use diesel cycle engines, must be 

certified to the LEV III chassis standards and test procedures set forth in this section E.

The procedures for meeting the ZEV phase-in requirements and for earning ZEV credits 

are contained in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 

through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, 

Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” and the “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and 

Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle 

Classes.”
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-2

1. Exhaust Emission Standards. 

1.1 FTP Exhaust Emission Standards for Light- and Medium-Duty Vehicles. 

The exhaust emission standards set forth in this section refer to the exhaust emitted over 

the driving schedule set forth in title 40, CFR, Subparts B and C, except as amended in these test 

procedures. 

1.1.1 LEV II Exhaust Standards. The following LEV II standards are the 

maximum exhaust emissions for the intermediate and full useful life from new 2015 through 

2019 model year LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs, including fuel-flexible, bi-fuel and dual fuel 

vehicles when operating on the gaseous or alcohol fuel they are designed to use, except that 

for the 2015 through 2019 model years, SULEV exhaust standards shall only apply to 

vehicles that receive partial zero-emission vehicle credits according to the criteria set forth in 

section C.3 of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 

through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger 

Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” or the “California Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission 

Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and MediumDuty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 1962.2, title 13, CCR. Vehicles 

that are certified to the particulate standards in section E.1.1.2.1 may not certify to LEV II 

standards.

2015 – 2019 model-year LEV II LEV vehicles may be certified to the NMOG+NOx 

numerical values for LEV160, LEV395, or LEV630, as applicable, in section E.1.1.2 and the 

corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in section E.1.4.2, in lieu of the separate 

NMOG and NOx exhaust emission standards in this section E.1.1.1 and the corresponding 

NMOG+NOx numerical values in section E.1.4.1; LEV II ULEV vehicles may be certified to 

the NMOG+NOx numerical values for ULEV125, ULEV340, or ULEV570, as applicable, in 

section E.1.1.2 and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in section E.1.4.2, in 

lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission standards in this section E.1.1.1 and 

the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in section E.1.4.1; and LEV II SULEV 

vehicles may be certified to the NMOG+NOx numerical values for SULEV30, SULEV170, 

or SULEV230, as applicable, in section E.1.1.2 and the corresponding NMOG+NOx 

numerical values in section E.1.4.2, in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission 

standards in this section E.1.1.1 and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in 

section E.1.4.1.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-3

LEV II Exhaust Mass Emission Standards for New 2015

Through 2019 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicle

Vehicle Type Durability 

Vehicle 

Basis (mi)

Vehicle 

Emission 

Category

NMOG

(g/mi)

Carbon 

Monoxide

(g/mi)

Oxides of 

Nitrogen

(g/mi)

Formaldehyde

(mg/mi)

Particulates 

(g/mi)

All PCs; 

LDTs 8,500 lbs. GVWR

or less

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their loaded 

vehicle weight. 

50,000 LEV 0.075 3.4 0.05 15 n/a

LEV, 

Option 1

0.075 3.4 0.07 15 n/a

ULEV 0.040 1.7 0.05 8 n/a

120,000 LEV 0.090 4.2 0.07 18 0.01

LEV, 

Option 1

0.090 4.2 0.10 18 0.01

ULEV 0.055 2.1 0.07 11 0.01

SULEV 0.010 1.0 0.02 4 0.01

150,000 

(optional)

LEV 0.090 4.2 0.07 18 0.01

LEV, 

Option 1

0.090 4.2 0.10 18 0.01

ULEV 0.055 2.1 0.07 11 0.01

SULEV 0.010 1.0 0.02 4 0.01

MDVs

8,501 - 10,000 lbs. 

GVWR

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their 

adjusted loaded vehicle 

weight.

120,000 LEV 0.195 6.4 0.2 32 0.12

ULEV 0.143 6.4 0.2 16 0.06

SULEV 0.100 3.2 0.1 8 0.06

150,000 

(Optional)

LEV 0.195 6.4 0.2 32 0.12

ULEV 0.143 6.4 0.2 16 0.06

SULEV 0.100 3.2 0.1 8 0.06
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-4

Vehicle Type Durability 

Vehicle 

Basis (mi)

Vehicle 

Emission 

Category

NMOG

(g/mi)

Carbon 

Monoxide

(g/mi)

Oxides of 

Nitrogen

(g/mi)

Formaldehyde

(mg/mi)

Particulates 

(g/mi)

MDVs

10,001-14,000 lbs. 

GVWR

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their 

adjusted loaded vehicle 

weight.

120,000 LEV 0.230 7.3 0.4 40 0.12

ULEV 0.167 7.3 0.4 21 0.06

SULEV 0.117 3.7 0.2 10 0.06

150,000

(Optional)

LEV 0.230 7.3 0.4 40 0.12

ULEV 0.167 7.3 0.4 21 0.06

SULEV 0.117 3.7 0.2 10 0.06
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-5

1.1.2 LEV III Exhaust Standards. The following standards are the maximum 

exhaust emissions for the full useful life from new 2015 and subsequent model year “LEV 

III” passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles, including fuel-flexible, bifuel and dual fuel vehicles when operating on both of the fuels they are designed to use. 

Before the 2015 model year, a manufacturer that produces vehicles meeting these standards 

has the option of certifying the vehicles to the standards, in which case the vehicles will be 

treated as LEV III vehicles for purposes of the fleet-wide phase-in requirements.

LEV III Exhaust Mass Emission Standards for New 2015 and Subsequent Model

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles

Vehicle Type Durability 

Vehicle 

Basis (mi)

Vehicle 

Emission 

Category2

NMOG + 

Oxides of 

Nitrogen

(g/mi)

Carbon 

Monoxide

(g/mi)

Formaldehyde

(mg/mi)

Particulates1

(g/mi)

All PCs;

LDTs 8500 lbs. GVWR or 

less; and

MDPVs

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their loaded 

vehicle weight

150,000

LEV160 0.160 4.2 4 0.01

ULEV125 0.125 2.1 4 0.01

ULEV70 0.070 1.7 4 0.01

ULEV50 0.050 1.7 4 0.01

SULEV30 0.030 1.0 4 0.01

SULEV20 0.020 1.0 4 0.01

MDVs

8501 - 10,000 lbs. GVWR, 

excluding MDPVs

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their adjusted 

loaded vehicle weight

150,000

LEV395 0.395 6.4 6 0.12

ULEV340 0.340 3.2 6 0.06

ULEV250 0.250 2.6 6 0.06

ULEV200 0.200 2.6 6 0.06

SULEV170 0.170 1.5 6 0.06

SULEV150 0.150 1.5 6 0.06

MDVs

10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their adjusted 

loaded vehicle weight

150,000

LEV630 0.630 7.3 6 0.12

ULEV570 0.570 3.7 6 0.06

ULEV400 0.400 3.0 6 0.06

ULEV270 0.270 3.0 6 0.06

SULEV230 0.230 1.7 6 0.06

SULEV200 0.200 1.7 6 0.06

1 These standards shall apply only to vehicles not included in the phase-in of the particulate standards set forth in Section 

E.1.1.2.1. 2 The numeric portion of the category name is the NMOG+NOx value in thousandths of grams per mile.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-6

1.1.2.1 LEV III Particulate Standards. 

1.1.2.1.1 Particulate Standards for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, 

and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. Beginning in the 2017 model year, a 

manufacturer, except a small volume manufacturer, shall certify a percentage of its 

passenger car, light-duty truck, and medium-duty vehicle fleet to the following

particulate standards according to the following phase-in schedule. These standards 

represent the maximum particulate emissions allowed at full useful life. All vehicles 

certifying to these particulate standards must certify to the LEV III exhaust emission 

standards set forth in section E.1.1.2. 

LEV III Particulate Emission Standard Values and 

Phase-in for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, 

and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

Model 

Year

% of vehicles 

certified to a

3 mg/mi standard

% of vehicles 

certified to a

1 mg/mi standard

2017 10 0

2018 20 0

2019 40 0

2020 70 0

2021 100 0

2022 100 0

2023 100 0

2024 100 0

2025 75 25

2026 50 50

2027 25 75

2028 and 

subsequent

0 100

1.1.2.1.2 Particulate Standards for Medium-Duty Vehicles Other than 

Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. 

1.1.2.1.2.1 Beginning in the 2017 model year, a manufacturer, except a 

small volume manufacturer, shall certify a percentage of its medium-duty vehicle 

fleet to the following particulate standards. These standards represent the 

maximum particulate emissions allowed at full useful life. All vehicles certifying 

to these particulate standards must certify to the LEV III exhaust emission 

standards set forth in section E.1.1.2. This section E.1.1.2.1.2.1 shall not apply to 

medium-duty passenger vehicles. 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-7

LEV III Particulate Emission Standard Values 

for Medium-Duty Vehicles, Other than 

Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

Vehicle Type1 Particulates

(mg/mi)

MDVs

8501 - 10,000 lbs. GVWR, 

excluding MDPVs

8

MDVs

10,001 - 14,000 lbs. GVWR 10

1 Vehicles in these categories are tested at their adjusted loaded vehicle weight.

1.1.2.1.2.2 A manufacturer of medium-duty vehicles, except a small 

volume manufacturer, shall certify at least the following percentage of its 

medium-duty vehicle fleet to the particulate standards in section E.1.1.2.1.2.1

according to the following phase-in schedule. This section E.1.1.2.1.2.2 shall not 

apply to medium-duty passenger vehicles.

LEV III Particulate Emission Standard Phase-in for Medium-Duty 

Vehicles, Other than Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

Model Year

Total % of MDVs certified to the 8 mg/mi 

PM Standard or to the 10 mg/mi PM 

Standard, as applicable

2017 10

2018 20

2019 40

2020 70

2021 and subsequent 100

1.1.2.1.3 Particulate Standards for Small Volume Manufacturers. In the 

2021 through 2027 model years, a small volume manufacturer shall certify 100 

percent of its passenger car, light-duty truck, and medium-duty passenger vehicle 

fleet to the 3 mg/mi particulate standard. In the 2028 and subsequent model years, a 

small volume manufacturer shall certify 100 percent of its passenger car, light-duty 

truck, and medium-duty passenger vehicle fleet to the 1 mg/mi particulate standard. 

In the 2021 and subsequent model years, a small volume manufacturer shall certify 

100 percent of its medium-duty vehicles 8501 - 10,000 lbs. GVWR, excluding 

MDPVs, to the 8 mg/mi particulate standard. In the 2021 and subsequent model 

years, a small volume manufacturer shall certify 100 percent of its medium-duty 

vehicles 10,001 - 14,000 lbs. GVWR to the 10 mg/mi particulate standard. These 

standards represent the maximum particulate emissions allowed at full useful life. All 

vehicles certifying to these particulate standards must certify to the LEV III exhaust 

emission standards set forth in section E.1.1.2. 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-8

1.1.2.1.4 Alternative Phase-in Schedule for Particulate Standards. 

1.1.2.1.4.1 Alternative Phase-in Schedules for the 3 mg/mi Particulate 

Standard for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Passenger Vehicles. A manufacturer may use an alternative phase-in schedule to 

comply with the 3 mg/mi particulate standard phase-in requirements as long as 

equivalent PM emission reductions are achieved by the 2021 model year from 

passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles. Model 

year emission reductions shall be calculated by multiplying the percent of 

PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles meeting the 3 mg/mi particulate standard in a given 

model year (based on a manufacturer's projected sales volume of vehicles in each 

category) by 5 for the 2017 model year, 4 for the 2018 model year, 3 for the 2019 

model year, 2 for the 2020 model year, and 1 for the 2021 model year. The yearly 

results for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles shall be summed together to determine a 

cumulative total for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles. The cumulative total must be 

equal to or greater than 490 in the 2021 model year to be considered equivalent. 

A manufacturer may add vehicles introduced before the 2017 model year (e.g., 

the percent of vehicles introduced in 2016 would be multiplied by 5) to the 

cumulative total.

1.1.2.1.4.2 Alternative Phase-in Schedules for the 1 mg/mi Particulate 

Standard for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Passenger Vehicles. A manufacturer may use an alternative phase-in schedule to 

comply with the 1 mg/mi particulate standard phase-in requirements as long as 

equivalent PM emission reductions are achieved by the 2028 model year from 

passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles. Model 

year emission reductions shall be calculated by multiplying the percent of 

PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles meeting the 1 mg/mi particulate standard in a given 

model year (based on a manufacturer's projected sales volume of vehicles in each 

category) by 4 for the 2025 model year, 3 for the 2026 model year, 2 for the 2027 

model year, and 1 for the 2028 model year. The yearly results for 

PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles shall be summed together to determine a cumulative 

total for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles. The cumulative total must be equal to or 

greater than 500 in the 2028 model year to be considered equivalent. A 

manufacturer may add vehicles introduced before the 2025 model year (e.g., the 

percent of vehicles introduced in 2024 would be multiplied by 4) to the 

cumulative total.

1.1.2.1.4.3 Alternative Phase-in Schedules for the Particulate 

Standards for Medium-Duty Vehicles Other than Medium-Duty Passenger 

Vehicles. A manufacturer may use an alternative phase-in schedule to comply 

with the particulate standard phase-in requirements as long as equivalent PM 

emission reductions are achieved by the 2021 model year from medium-duty 

vehicles other than medium-duty passenger vehicles. Model year emission 

reductions shall be calculated by multiplying the total percent of MDVs certified 

to the 8 mg/mi PM standard or to the 10 mg/mi PM standard, as applicable, in a 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-9

given model year (based on a manufacturer's projected sales volume of vehicles in 

each category) by 5 for the 2017 model year, 4 for the 2018 model year, 3 for the 

2019 model year, 2 for the 2020 model year, and 1 for the 2021 model year. The 

yearly results for MDVs shall be summed together to determine a cumulative total 

for MDVs. The cumulative total must be equal to or greater than 490 in the 2021 

model year to be considered equivalent. A manufacturer may add vehicles 

introduced before the 2017 model year (e.g., the percent of vehicles introduced in 

2016 would be multiplied by 5) to the cumulative total.

1.2 Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (“SFTP”) Exhaust Emission 

Standards for Light- and Medium-Duty Vehicles. 

1.2.1 4,000-mile SFTP Exhaust Emission Standards for Light- and 

Medium-Duty Vehicles. The following standards represent the maximum SFTP exhaust 

emissions at 4,000 miles for 2015 through 2020 model year passenger cars, and light-duty 

truck and medium-duty vehicles (less than 8,501 pounds gross vehicle weight rating)

certifying to the LEV II exhaust emission standards in section E.1.1.1:

SFTP Exhaust Emission Standards for

LEV II Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles1,2

Vehicle

Type

Gross Vehicle 

Weight Rating 

(lbs.)

Test Weight3

(lbs.)

US06 Test

(g/mi)

A/C Test

(g/mi)

NMHC + NOx CO NMHC + NOx CO

PC All All 0.14 8.0 0.20 2.7

LDT < 6000 lbs.

0-3750 lbs. 0.14 8.0 0.20 2.7

3751-5750 lbs. 0.25 10.5 0.27 3.5

MDV 6,001-8,500 lbs.

3751-5750 lbs. 0.40 10.5 0.31 3.5

5751-8500 lbs. 0.60 11.8 0.44 4.0

1 For certification purposes, testing shall be conducted at 4000 miles ±250 miles or at the mileage determined by the 

manufacturer for emission-data vehicles.

2 The following definitions apply for purposes of this SFTP standards table only:

“LDT” (light-duty truck) is any motor vehicle rated at 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating or less, which is 

designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or is a derivative of such a vehicle, or is available with special 

features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use.

“MDV” (medium-duty vehicle) is any motor vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of greater than 

6,000 pounds and less than 14,001 pounds, except passenger cars and light-duty trucks. Vehicles with a gross vehicle 

weight rating over 8,500 pounds are exempted from the requirements of this section E.1.2.1. 3 PCs and LDTs are tested at their loaded vehicle weight (curb weight plus 300 lbs.). MDVs are tested at their adjusted 

loaded vehicle weight (average of curb weight and GVWR).
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-10

1.2.2 150,000-mile SFTP Exhaust Emission Standards for Light- and 

Medium-Duty Vehicles. 

1.2.2.1 SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Exhaust Emission Standards for 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. 

Manufacturers shall certify 2015 and subsequent model year LEVs, ULEVs, and 

SULEVs in the PC, LDT, and MDPV classes to either the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO 

Stand-Alone Exhaust Emission Standards set forth in section E.1.2.2.1.1, or in 

accordance with the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Fleet-Average Requirements set forth in section E.1.2.2.1.2. A manufacturer may 

also certify 2014 model LEVs, ULEVs, or SULEVs in the PC, LDT, or MDPV classes to 

LEV III SFTP standards, in which case, the manufacturer shall be subject to the LEV III 

SFTP emission standards and requirements, including the sales-weighted fleet-average 

NMOG+NOx composite emission standard applicable to 2015 model vehicles if 

choosing to comply with the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Fleet-Average Requirements set forth in subsection E.1.2.2.1.2. The

manufacturer shall notify the Executive Officer of its selected emission standard type in 

the Application for Certification of the first test group certifying to SFTP NMOG+NOx 

and CO emission standards on a 150,000 mile durability basis. Once an emission 

standard type for NMOG+NOx and CO is selected for a fleet, and the Executive Officer 

is notified of such selection, the selection must be kept through the 2025 model year for 

the entire fleet, which includes LEV II vehicles if selecting to comply with section 

E.1.2.2.1.2. The manufacturer may not change its selection until the 2026 model year. 

Test groups not certifying to the 150,000-mile SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO emission 

standards pursuant to this section E.1.2.2 shall be subject to the 4,000-mile SFTP 

NMOG+NOx and CO emission standards set forth in section E.1.2.1.

1.2.2.1.1 SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Exhaust Stand-Alone Emission 

Standards. The following standards are the maximum SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO 

exhaust emissions through full useful life from 2015 and subsequent model-year LEV 

III LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs when operating on the same gaseous or liquid fuel 

they use for FTP certification. In the case of fuel-flexible vehicles, SFTP compliance 

shall be demonstrated using the LEV III certification gasoline specified in Part II, 

Section A.100.3.1.2.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-11

SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Stand-Alone Exhaust Emission Standards for

2015 and Subsequent Model LEV III Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and 

Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

Vehicle

Type

Durability 

Vehicle Basis 

(mi)

Vehicle 

Emission 

Category1

US06 Test

(g/mi)

SC03 Test

(g/mi)

NMOG + NOx CO NMOG + NOx CO

All PCs; 

LDTs 0- 8,500 lbs. 

GVWR; and 

MDPVs

Vehicles in these 

categories are tested at 

their loaded vehicle 

weight (curb weight 

plus 300 pounds).

150,000

LEV 0.140 9.6 0.100 3.2

ULEV 0.120 9.6 0.070 3.2

SULEV

(Option A)2 0.060 9.6 0.020 3.2

SULEV 0.050 9.6 0.020 3.2

1 Vehicle Emission Category. Manufacturers must certify all vehicles, which are certifying to a LEV III FTP emission 

category on a 150,000-mile durability basis, to the emission standards of the equivalent, or a more stringent, SFTP emission 

category set forth on this table. That is, all LEV III LEVs certified to 150,000-mile FTP emission standards shall comply 

with the SFTP LEV emission standards in this table, all LEV III ULEVs certified to 150,000-mile FTP emission standards 

shall comply with the SFTP ULEV emission standards in this table, and all LEV III SULEVs certified to 150,000-mile FTP 

emission standards shall comply with the SFTP SULEV emission standards in this table. 2 Optional SFTP SULEV Standards. A manufacturer may certify light-duty truck test groups from 6,001 to 8,500 lbs. GVWR 

and MDPV test groups to the SULEV, option A, emission standards set forth in this table for the 2015 through 2020 model 

year, only if the vehicles in the test group are equipped with a particulate filter and the manufacturer extends the particulate 

filter emission warranty mileage to 200,000 miles. Passenger cars and light-duty trucks 0-6,000 lbs. GVWR are not eligible 

for this option.

1.2.2.1.2 SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust 

Emission Standards. For the 2015 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer 

must certify LEV II and LEV III LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs, such that the 

manufacturer’s sales-weighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx composite emission 

value, does not exceed the applicable NMOG+NOx composite emission standard 

set forth in the following table. In addition, the CO composite emission value of 

any LEV III test group shall not exceed the CO composite emission standard set

forth in the following table. SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the 

same gaseous or liquid fuel used for FTP certification. In the case of fuel-flexible 

vehicles, SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the LEV III certification 

gasoline specified in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2. 

For each test group subject to this subsection, manufacturers shall 

calculate a Composite Emission Value for NMOG+NOx and, for LEV III test 

groups, a separate Composite Emission Value for CO, using the following 

equation:

Composite Emission Value = 0.28 x US06 + 0.37 x SC03 + 0.35 x FTP [Eq. 1]
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-12

where “US06” = the test group’s NMOG+NOx or CO emission value, as 

applicable, determined through the US06 test;

“SC03” = the test group’s NMOG+NOx or CO emission value, as 

applicable, determined through the SC03 test; and 

“FTP” = the test group’s NMOG+NOx or CO emission value, as 

applicable, determined through the FTP test.

If no vehicles in a test group have air conditioning units, the FTP cycle 

emission value can be used in place of the SC03 value in Equation 1. To 

determine compliance with the SFTP NMOG+NOx composite emission standard 

applicable to the model year, manufacturers shall use a sales-weighted fleet 

average of the NMOG+NOx composite emission values of every applicable test 

group. The sales-weighted fleet average shall be calculated using a combination 

of carry-over and new certification SFTP composite emission values (converted to 

NMOG+NOx, as applicable). LEV II test groups will use their emission values in 

the fleet average calculation but will not be considered LEV III test groups. 

Compliance with the CO composite emission standard cannot be demonstrated 

through fleet averaging. The NMOG+NOx sales-weighted fleet-average 

composite emission value for the fleet and the CO composite emission value for 

each test group shall not exceed:

SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Emission Standards for 2015 and Subsequent Model 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

(g/mi) 1

Model Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025+

All PCs; 

LDTs 8,500 lbs.

GVWR or less; 

and

MDPVs3

Vehicles in this 

category are 

tested at their 

loaded vehicle 

weight (curb 

weight plus 300 

pounds).

Sales-Weighted Fleet Average NMOG+NOx Composite Exhaust Emission Standards2,

4,5,6

0.140 0.110 0.103 0.097 0.090 0.083 0.077 0.070 0.063 0.057 0.050

CO Composite Exhaust Emission Standard7

4.2

1 Mileage for Compliance. All test groups certifying to LEV III FTP emission standards on a 150,000-mile durability 

basis shall also certify to the SFTP on a 150,000-mile durability basis, as tested in accordance with these test 

procedures. 2 Determining NMOG+NOx Composite Emission Values of LEV II Test Groups. For test groups certified to LEV II 

FTP emission standards, SFTP emission values shall be converted to NMOG+NOx and projected out to 120,000 

miles or 150,000 miles (depending on LEV II FTP certification) using deterioration factors or aged components. 

NMHC emission values for the US06 and SC03 test cycles shall be converted to NMOG emission values by 

multiplying by a factor of 1.03. In lieu of deriving a deterioration factor specific to SFTP test cycles, carry-over test 

groups may use the applicable deterioration factor from the FTP cycle in order to determine the carry-over composite 

emission values for the purpose of the NMOG+NOx sales-weighted fleet-average calculation. If an SFTP full-useful 

life emission value is used to comply with SFTP 4k standards, that value may be used in the sales-weighted fleetaverage without applying an additional deterioration factor.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-13

3 MDPVs are excluded from SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO emission standards and the sales-weighted fleet average 

until they are certified to LEV III FTP 150,000-mile NMOG+NOx and CO requirements. 4 Test groups shall certify to bins in increments of 0.010 g/mi. Beginning with the 2018 model year, vehicles may not 

certify to bin values above a maximum of 0.180 g/mi. 5 Calculating the sales-weighted average for NMOG+NOx. For each model year, the manufacturer shall calculate its 

sales-weighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx composite emission value as follows. 

( ) ( )

∑( )

∑

=

=





 





×

n

i

i

n

i

i i

number of vehicles in the test group

number of vehicles in the test group composite value of bin

1

1

where "n" = a manufacturer’s total number of PC, LDT, and, if applicable, MDPV certification bins, in a given 

model year including carry-over certification bins, certifying to SFTP composite emission standards in that model 

year;

 “number of vehicles in the test group” = the number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale in California 

in the certification test group; and

 "Composite Value of Bin" = the numerical value selected by the manufacturer for the certification bin that 

serves as the emission standard for the vehicles in the test group with respect to all testing for test groups 

certifying to SFTP on a 150,000-mile durability basis, and the SFTP carry-over composite emission value, as 

described in footnote 7 of this table, for carry-over LEV II test groups. 6 Calculation of Fleet Average Total NMOG+NOx Credits or Debits. A manufacturer shall calculate the total 

NMOG+NOx credits or debits, as follows:

[(NMOG+NOx Composite Emission Standard) – (Manufacturer’s Sales-Weighted Fleet-Average Composite 

Emission Value)]

x (Total Number of Vehicles Produced and Delivered for Sale in California in the 0-8,500 lbs GVWR plus 

MDPVs classes, if applicable) [Eq. 3]

A negative number constitutes total NMOG+NOx debits, and a positive number constitutes total NMOG+NOx 

credits accrued by the manufacturer for the given model year. Total NMOG+NOx credits earned in a given model 

year retain full value through the fifth model year after they are earned. At the beginning of the sixth model year, the 

total NMOG+NOx credits have no value. A manufacturer may trade credits with other manufacturers

A manufacturer shall equalize total NMOG+NOx debits within three model years after they have been incurred by 

earning NMOG+NOx credits in an amount equal to the total NMOG+NOx debits. If total NMOG+NOx debits are 

not equalized within the three model-year period, the manufacturer is subject to the Health and Safety Code section 

43211 civil penalty applicable to a manufacturer which sells a new motor vehicle that does not meet the applicable 

emission standards adopted by the state board. The cause of action shall be deemed to accrue when the total 

NMOG+NOx debits are not equalized by the end of the specified time period. For the purposes of Health and Safety 

Code section 43211, the number of vehicles not meeting the state board’s emission standards is determined by 

dividing the NMOG+NOx debits for the model year by the NMOG+NOx composite emission standard in effect 

during the model year in which the debits were incurred.

7 Calculating the CO composite emission value. Composite emission values for CO shall be calculated in accordance 

with Equation 1 above. Unlike the NMOG+NOx composite emission standards, manufacturers would not be able to 

meet the proposed CO composite emission standard through fleet averaging: each individual test group must comply 

with the standard. Test groups certified to 4,000-mile SFTP emission standards are not subject to this CO emission 

standard.

1.2.2.2 SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards for Passenger Cars, LightDuty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. The following standards are the 

maximum PM exhaust emissions through the full useful life from 2017 and subsequent 

model-year LEV III LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs in the PC, LDT, and MDPV classes 

when operating on the same gaseous or liquid fuel they use for FTP certification. In the 

case of flex-fueled vehicles, SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the LEV III 

certification gasoline specified in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2. 

[Eq. 2]
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-14

SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards for 2017 and Subsequent Model LEV 

III Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger 

Vehicles1

Vehicle Type Test Weight Mileage for 

Compliance

Test 

Cycle

PM 

(mg/mi)

All PCs;

LDTs 0-6,000 lbs GVWR

Loaded vehicle 

weight 150,000 US06 10

LDTs 6,001-8,500 lbs GVWR; 

MDPVs 

Loaded vehicle 

weight 150,000 US06 20

1 All PCs, LDTs, and MDPVs certified to LEV III FTP PM emission standards in section E.1.1.2.1 on a 150,000-mile 

durability basis shall comply with the SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards in this table.

1.2.2.3 SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Exhaust Emission Standards for 

Medium-Duty Vehicles. The following standards are the maximum NMOG+NOx and 

CO composite emission values for full useful life of 2016 and subsequent model-year 

medium-duty LEV III ULEVs and SULEVs from 8,501 through 14,000 pounds GVWR 

when operating on the same gaseous or liquid fuel they use for FTP certification. In the 

case of fuel-flexible vehicles, SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the LEV III 

certification gasoline specified in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2. The following composite 

emission standards do not apply to MDPVs subject to the emission standards set forth in 

sections E.1.2.2.1 and E.1.2.2.2.

SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust Emission Standards for 2016 and 

Subsequent Model ULEVs and SULEVs in the Medium-Duty Vehicle Class

Vehicle Type Mileage for 

Compliance

HP/GVWR2 Test 

Cycle3,4,5

Vehicle 

Emission 

Category6

Composite Emission 

Standard1

(g/mi)

NMOG + 

NOx

Carbon 

Monoxide

MDVs 8,501 -

10,000 lbs GVWR 150,000

≤ 0.024 US06 Bag 2, 

SC03, FTP

ULEV 0.550 22.0

SULEV 0.350 12.0

> 0.024 Full US06, 

SC03, FTP

ULEV 0.800 22.0

SULEV 0.450 12.0

MDVs 10,001-

14,000 lbs GVWR

150,000

n/a

Hot 1435 

UC (Hot 

1435 LA92), 

SC03, FTP

ULEV 0.550 6.0

SULEV 0.350

4.0

1 Manufacturers shall use Equation 1 in subsection E.1.2.2.1.2 to calculate SFTP Composite Emission Values for each test 

group subject to the emission standards in this table. For MDVs 10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR, the emission results from the 

UC test shall be used in place of results from the US06 test. 2 Power to Weight Ratio. If all vehicles in a test group have a power to weight ratio at or below a threshold of 0.024, they 

may opt to run the US06 Bag 2 in lieu of the full US06 cycle. The cutoff is determined by using a ratio of the engine’s 

maximum rated horsepower, as established by the engine manufacturer in the vehicle’s Application for Certification, to 

the vehicle’s GVWR in pounds and does not include any horsepower contributed by electric motors in the case of hybrid

electric or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Manufacturers may opt to test to the full cycle regardless of the calculated 

ratio; in such case, manufacturers shall meet the emission standards applicable to vehicles with power-to-weight ratios 

greater than 0.024.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-15

3 Test Weight. Medium-duty vehicles are tested at their adjusted loaded vehicle weight (average of curb weight and 

GVWR). 4 Road Speed Fan. Manufacturers have the option to use a road speed modulated fan as specified in § 86.107–96(d)(1) 

instead of a fixed speed fan for MDV SFTP testing. 5

 If a manufacturer provides an engineering evaluation for a test group showing that SC03 emissions will be equivalent to or 

lower than FTP emissions, the FTP emission value may be used in place of the SC03 emission value when determining 

the composite emission value for that test group. 6 Vehicle Emission Categories. For MDVs 8,501-10,000 lbs. GVWR, for each model year, the percentage of MDVs 

certified to an SFTP emission category set forth in this section E.1.2.2.3 shall be equal to or greater than the total 

percentage certified to the FTP ULEV250, ULEV200, SULEV170, and SULEV150 emission categories; of these 

vehicles, the percentage of MDVs certified to an SFTP SULEV emission category shall be equal to or greater than the 

total percentage certified to both the FTP SULEV170 and SULEV150 emission categories. For MDVs 10,001-14,000 

lbs. GVWR, for each model year, the percentage of MDVs certified to an SFTP emission category set forth this section 

E.1.2.2.3 shall be equal to or greater than the total percentage certified to the FTP ULEV400, ULEV270, SULEV230, and 

SULEV200 emission categories; of these vehicles, the percentage of MDVs certified to an SFTP SULEV emission 

category shall be equal to or greater than the total percentage certified to both the FTP SULEV230 and SULEV200 

emission categories.

1.2.2.4 SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards for Medium-Duty Vehicles. 

The following standards represent the maximum PM composite emission values for the 

full useful life of 2017 and subsequent model-year LEV III LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs 

when operating on the same gaseous or liquid fuel they use for FTP certification. In the 

case of fuel-flexible vehicles, SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the LEV III 

certification gasoline specified in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2. The following composite 

emission standards do not apply to MDPVs subject to the emission standards set forth in 

sections E.1.2.2.1 and E.1.2.2.2.

SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards for 2017 and Subsequent Model 

Medium-Duty Vehicles1

Vehicle Type Test Weight Mileage for 

Compliance Hp/GVWR2 Test Cycle3,4 PM (mg/mi)

MDVs 8,501-10,000 

lbs GVWR

Adjusted 

loaded vehicle 

weight

150,000

≤ 0.024 US06 Bag 2 7

>0.024 US06 10

MDVs 10,001-

14,000 lbs GVWR

Adjusted 

loaded vehicle 

weight

150,000 n/a

Hot 1435 UC 

(Hot 1435 

LA92)

7

1 Except for MDPVs subject to the emission standards set forth in section E.1.2.2.2, MDVs certified to 

150,000-mile FTP PM emission standards in section E.1.1.2 shall comply with the SFTP PM Exhaust 

Emission Standards in this table. 2 Power to Weight Ratio. If all vehicles in a test group have a power to weight ratio at or below a threshold of 

0.024, they may opt to run the US06 Bag 2 in lieu of the full US06 cycle. The cutoff is determined by using 

a ratio of the engine’s horsepower to the vehicle’s GVWR in pounds and does not include any horsepower 

contributed by electric motors in the case of hybrid electric or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. 

Manufacturers may opt to test to the full cycle regardless of the calculated ratio; in such case, manufacturers 

shall meet the emission standards applicable to vehicles with power-to-weight ratios greater than 0.024. 3 Road Speed Fan. Manufacturers have the option to use a road speed modulated fan as specified in § 86.107–

96(d)(1) instead of a fixed speed fan for MDV SFTP testing. 4 Manufacturers shall use Equation 1 above to calculate SFTP Composite PM Emission Values for each test 

group subject to the emission standards in this table. For MDVs 8,501-10,000 lbs. GVWR certifying to the 

US06 Bag 2 PM emission standard, the emission results from the US06 Bag 2 test shall be used in place of 

results from the full US06 test. For MDVs 10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR, the emission results from the UC test 

shall be used in place of results from the US06 test.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-16

 

1.3 NMOG+NOx Standards for Fuel-Flexible, Bi-Fuel and Dual-Fuel Vehicles.

For fuel-flexible, bi-fuel and dual-fuel PCs, LDTs and MDVs, compliance with the 

NMOG+NOx exhaust mass emission standards must be based on exhaust emission tests both 

when the vehicle is operated on the gaseous or alcohol fuel it is designed to use, and when the 

vehicle is operated on gasoline. A manufacturer may measure NMHC in lieu of NMOG when 

fuel-flexible, bi-fuel and dual-fuel vehicles are operated on gasoline, subject to the requirements 

of section D.1., subparagraph (p). Testing at 50o

F is not required for fuel-flexible, bi-fuel and 

dual-fuel vehicles when operating on gasoline. The applicable CO, NOx, and formaldehyde 

standards are set forth in section E.1.1 above.

1.3.1 For 2015 through 2019 model year LEV II vehicles, a manufacturer must 

demonstrate compliance with the applicable exhaust mass emission standards for NMOG, 

CO, NOx and formaldehyde set forth in the tables in section E.1.1.1 when certifying the 

vehicle for operation on the gaseous or alcohol fuel. If the manufacturer elects to use them, 

the following exhaust mass emission standards represent the maximum NMOG emissions

when certifying the vehicle for operation on gasoline (as specified in Part II, Section A. 

paragraph 100.3.1).

 

LEV II NMOG Standards for Bi-Fuel, Fuel-Flexible and Dual-Fuel 

Vehicles Operating on Gasoline

(g/mi)

Vehicle Type Vehicle 

Emission

Category

Durability Vehicle Basis 

50,000 mi 120,000 mi

All PCs;

LDTs, 0-8500 lbs. GVW

LEV 0.125 0.156

ULEV 0.075 0.090

SULEV 0.010 0.040

MDVs, 8501-10,000 lbs. 

GVW

LEV n/a 0.230

ULEV n/a 0.167

SULEV n/a 0.117

MDVs, 10,001-14,000 lbs. 

GVW

LEV n/a 0.280

ULEV n/a 0.195

SULEV n/a 0.143

1.3.2 For the 2015 and subsequent model year LEV III vehicles, a manufacturer 

must demonstrate compliance with the applicable exhaust mass emission standards for 

NMOG+NOx, CO, and formaldehyde set forth in the tables in section E.1.1.2 when 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-17

certifying the vehicle for operation on both gasoline or diesel, as applicable, and on the 

gaseous or alcohol fuel, as applicable.

1.4 50oF Exhaust Emission Standards.

1.4.1 Standards for Vehicles Certified to the LEV II Standards.

All passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles certified to the 

LEV II exhaust emission standards set forth in subparagraph E.1.1.1 must demonstrate 

compliance with the following exhaust emission standards for NMOG and formaldehyde 

measured on the FTP (40 CFR, Part 86, Subpart B) conducted at a nominal test 

temperature of 50oF, as modified by Part II, Section C of these test procedures. A 

manufacturer may demonstrate compliance with the NMOG and HCHO certification 

standards contained in this subparagraph 1.4.1 by measuring NMHC exhaust emissions in 

accordance with section D.1., subparagraph (p) and section G.3.1.2, respectively, of these 

test procedures. Emissions of CO and NOx measured at 50oF shall not exceed the 

standards set forth in section E.1.1.1 applicable to vehicles of the same emission category 

and vehicle type subject to a cold soak and emission test at 68o to 86oF. Natural gas and 

diesel-fueled vehicles are exempt from the 50o F test requirements.

Vehicle Weight Class

Vehicle Emission Category (g/mi)

LEV ULEV SULEV

NMOG HCHO NMOG HCHO NMOG HCHO

PCs; LDTs 0-8500 lbs. GVW 0.150 0.030 0.080 0.016 0.020 0.008

MDVs 8501-10,000 lbs. GVW 0.390 0.064 0.286 0.032 0.200 0.016

MDVs 10,001-14,000 lbs. GVW 0.460 0.080 0.334 0.042 0.234 0.020

1.4.2 Standards for Vehicles Certified to the LEV III Standards.

All passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles certified to the 

LEV III exhaust emission standards set forth in subparagraph E.1.1.2, other than natural 

gas and diesel fueled vehicles, must demonstrate compliance with the following exhaust 

emission standards for NMOG+NOx and formaldehyde measured on the FTP (40 CFR, 

Part 86, Subpart B) conducted at a nominal test temperature of 50o

F, as modified by Part 

II, Section C of these test procedures. A manufacturer may demonstrate compliance with 

the NMOG+NOx and HCHO certification standards contained in this subparagraph 1.4.2

by measuring NMHC exhaust emissions in accordance with section D.1., subparagraph 

(p) and section G.3.1.2, respectively, of these test procedures. Emissions of CO 

measured at 50oF shall not exceed the standards set forth in section E.1.1.2 applicable to 

vehicles of the same emission category and vehicle type subject to a cold soak and 

emission test at 68o to 86oF. 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-18

1.4.2.1 Standards for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Passenger Vehicles Certified to the LEV III Standards.

50oF Exhaust Emission Standards for LEV III Passenger Cars, 

Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

Vehicle Emission Category NMOG + NOx

(g/mi)

HCHO

(g/mi)

Gasoline Alcohol 

Fuel

Both Gasoline and 

Alcohol Fuel

LEV160 0.320 0.320 0.030

ULEV125 0.250 0.250 0.016

ULEV70 0.140 0.250 0.016

ULEV50 0.100 0.140 0.016

SULEV30 0.060 0.125 0.008

SULEV20 0.040 0.075 0.008
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-19

1.4.2.2 Standards for Medium-Duty Vehicles (Excluding MDPVs) Certified 

to the LEV III Standards.

50oF Exhaust Emission Standards for LEV III Medium-Duty Vehicles 

(Excluding MDPVs)

Vehicle Emission Category NMOG + NOx

(g/mi)

HCHO

(g/mi)

Gasoline Alcohol 

Fuel

Both Gasoline and 

Alcohol Fuel

LEV395 0.790 0.790 0.064

ULEV340 0.680 0.680 0.032

ULEV250 0.500 0.500 0.032

ULEV200 0.400 0.500 0.016

SULEV170 0.340 0.425 0.016

SULEV150 0.300 0.375 0.016

LEV630 1.260 1.260 0.080

ULEV570 1.140 1.140 0.042

ULEV400 0.800 0.800 0.042

ULEV270 0.540 0.675 0.020

SULEV230 0.460 0.575 0.020

SULEV200 0.400 0.500 0.020

1.5 Cold CO Standards. 

The following standards are the maximum 50,000 mile cold temperature exhaust carbon 

monoxide emission levels from new 2015 and subsequent model-year passenger cars, light-duty 

trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles:
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-20

2015 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL-YEAR COLD TEMPERATURE 

CARBON MONOXIDE EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS FOR PASSENGER

CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES

(grams per mile)

Vehicle Type Carbon 

Monoxide

All PCs, LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW 10.0

LDTs 3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. GVW;

MDPVs 10,000 lbs. GVW and less

12.5

These standards apply to vehicles tested in accordance with 40 CFR Part 86 Subpart C, as 

modified in Part II, Section B of these test procedures at a nominal temperature of 20oF (-7oC). 

Natural gas vehicles, diesel-fueled vehicles, and medium-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle 

weight rating greater than 8,500 lbs. are exempt from these standards.

1.6 Highway NMOG + NOx Standard.

The maximum emissions of NMOG+NOx measured on the federal Highway Fuel 

Economy Test (HWFET; 40 CFR 600 Subpart B, which is incorporated herein by reference) 

must not be greater than the applicable LEV III NMOG+NOx standard set forth in section 

E.1.1.2. Both the sum of the NMOG+NOx emissions and the HWFET standard must be rounded 

in accordance with ASTM E29-67 to the nearest 0.001 g/mi before being compared.

1.7 Requirement to Generate Additional NMOG+NOx Fleet Average Credit.

A vehicle that is certified to the LEV III standards in section E.1.1.2, which does not 

generate a partial ZEV allocation according to the criteria set forth in section C.3 of the 

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model 

Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck 

and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” and the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” a 

manufacturer may subtract 5 mg/mi from the NMOG+NOx emission standard value set forth in 

section E.3.1.1 when calculating the manufacturer’s fleet average, provided that the 

manufacturer extends the performance and defects warranty period to 15 years or 150,000 miles, 

whichever occurs first. 

1.8 Requirement to Generate a Partial ZEV Allowance.

For the 2015 through 2017 model years, a manufacturer that certifies to the 150,000 mile 

LEV II SULEV standards, the LEV III SULEV30, or the LEV III SULEV20 standards may also 

generate a partial ZEV allocation according to the criteria set forth in section C.3 of the 

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model 

Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck 

and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes.”
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-21

1.9 Optional LEV II NOx Standard.

For the 2015 through 2019 model years, a manufacturer may certify up to 4% of its lightduty truck fleet from 3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. GVW with a maximum base payload of 2500 

lbs. or more, to the LEV II, option 1, standard set forth in section E.1.1.1 based on projected 

sales of trucks in this category. Passenger cars and light-duty trucks 0-3750 lbs. LVW are not 

eligible for this option.

1.10 NMOG Credit for Direct Ozone Reduction Technology.

A manufacturer that certifies vehicles equipped with direct ozone reduction technologies 

shall be eligible to receive NMOG credits that can be applied to the NMOG exhaust emissions of 

the vehicle when determining compliance with the standard. In order to receive credit, the 

manufacturer must submit the following information for each vehicle model for which it seeks 

credit, including, but not limited to:

(a) a demonstration of the airflow rate through the direct ozone reduction device 

and the ozone-reducing efficiency of the device over the range of speeds 

encountered in the UC as set forth in Part II, Section E of these test 

procedures;

(b) an evaluation of the durability of the device for the full useful life of the 

vehicle; and

(c) a description of the on-board diagnostic strategy for monitoring the 

performance of the device in-use. 

Using the above information, the Executive Officer shall determine the value of the NMOG 

credit based on the calculated change in the one-hour peak ozone level using an approved airshed 

model.

1.11 When a Federally-Certified Vehicle Model is Required in California.

1.11.1 Basic Requirement. Whenever a manufacturer federally-certifies a 2015

or subsequent model-year passenger car, light-duty truck, or medium-duty vehicle model to the 

standards for a particular emissions bin that are more stringent than the standards for an 

applicable California vehicle emissions category, the equivalent California model may only be 

certified to (i) the California standards for a vehicle emissions category that are at least as 

stringent as the standards for the corresponding federal emissions bin, or (ii) the exhaust 

emission standards to which the federal model is certified. However, where the federal exhaust 

emission standards for the particular emissions bin and the California standards for a vehicle 

emissions category are equally stringent, the California model may only be certified to either the 

California standards for that vehicle emissions category or more stringent California standards. 

The federal emission bins are those contained Tables S04-1 and S04-2 of 40 CFR section 

86.1811-04(c) as adopted February 10, 2000. The criteria for applying this requirement are set 

forth in Part I, Section H.1 of these test procedures.

1.11.2 Exception for Clean Fuel Fleet Vehicles. This requirement does not 

apply in the case of a federally-certified vehicle model that is only marketed to fleet operators for 

applications that are subject to clean fuel fleet requirements established pursuant to section 246 

of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. sec. 7586). In addition, the Executive Officer shall 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-22

exclude from the requirements a federally-certified vehicle model where the manufacturer 

demonstrates to the Executive Officer's reasonable satisfaction that the model will primarily be 

sold or leased to clean fuel fleet operators for such applications, and that other sales or leases of 

the model will be incidental to marketing to those clean fuel fleet operators.

1.12 Emission Requirements for Fuel-Fired Heaters. Whenever a manufacturer 

elects to utilize an on-board fuel-fired heater on any passenger car, light-duty truck or mediumduty vehicle, the heater must meet the ULEV125 standards for passenger cars and light-duty 

trucks less than 8,500 pounds GVW set forth in section E.1.1.2 of these test procedures. The 

exhaust emissions from the fuel-fired heater shall be determined in accordance with the 

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model 

Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck 

and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” or the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” as 

applicable. If the on-board fuel-fired heater is capable of operating at ambient temperatures 

above 40o

F, the measured emission levels of the on-board fuel-fired heater shall be added to the 

emissions measured on the FTP (40 CFR, Part 86, Subpart B) to determine compliance with the 

exhaust emission standards in section E.1.1.

1.13 Greenhouse Gas Emission Requirements. The greenhouse gas emission levels 

from new 2017 and subsequent model year passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty 

passenger vehicles shall not exceed the requirements set forth in section E.2.5 of these test 

procedures. Light-duty trucks from 3751 lbs. LVW – 8500 lbs. GVWR with a maximum base 

payload of 2500 lbs. or more that certify to the LEV II LEV Option 1 exhaust standards in 

section E.1.1.1 are exempt from these greenhouse gas emission requirements. Passenger cars, 

light-duty trucks 0-3750 lbs. LVW, and medium-duty passenger vehicles are not eligible for this 

exemption. 

2. Emission Standards Phase-In Requirements for Manufacturers.

2.1 Fleet Average NMOG + NOx Requirements for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles.

2.1.1 The fleet average non-methane organic gas plus oxides of nitrogen exhaust 

mass emission values from the passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger 

vehicles produced and delivered for sale in California each model year by a manufacturer 

other than a small volume manufacturer shall not exceed:
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-23

FLEET AVERAGE NON-METHANE ORGANIC GAS 

PLUS OXIDES OF NITROGEN EXHAUST MASS EMISSION 

REQUIREMENTS FOR PASSENGER CARS,

LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND MEDIUM-DUTY PASSENGER 

VEHICLES

(150,000 mile Durability Vehicle Basis)

Model Year Fleet Average NMOG + NOx

(g/mi)

All PCs;

LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW

LDTs 

3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. 

GVWR;

All MDPVs

20141 0.107 0.128

2015 0.100 0.119

2016 0.093 0.110

2017 0.086 0.101

2018 0.079 0.092

2019 0.072 0.083

2020 0.065 0.074

2021 0.058 0.065

2022 0.051 0.056

2023 0.044 0.047

2024 0.037 0.038

2025+ 0.030 0.030

1 For the 2014 model year, a manufacturer may comply with the fleet average NMOG+NOx values in this table in 

lieu of complying with the NMOG fleet average values in the “California 2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2009 through 2016 Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles.” A manufacturer 

must either comply with the NMOG+NOx fleet average requirements for both its PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV 

fleet or comply with the NMOG fleet average requirements for both its PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet. A 

manufacturer must calculate its fleet average NMOG+NOx values using the applicable full useful life standards.

2.1.1.1 Pooling Provision.

a. For each model year, a manufacturer must demonstrate compliance 

with the fleet average requirements in this section E.2.1.1 based on one of two options 

applicable throughout the model year, either:

Option 1: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and 

medium-duty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California exhaust emission 

standards in section E.1.1, and are produced and delivered for sale in California; or
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-24

Option 2: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and 

medium-duty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California exhaust emission 

standards in section E.1.1, and are produced and delivered for sale in California, the 

District of Columbia, and all states that have adopted California's exhaust emission 

standards in section E.1.1 for that model year pursuant to section 177 of the federal 

Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).

b. If a manufacturer selects Option 2, that manufacturer must demonstrate 

compliance with sections E.1.1.2.1, E.2.1, E.2.2, E.2.3, and E.2.4 based on Option 2. 

c. A manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must notify the Executive 

Officer of that selection in writing prior to the start of the applicable model year or must 

comply with Option 1. Once a manufacturer has selected compliance Option 2, that 

selection applies unless the manufacturer selects Option 1 and notifies the Executive 

Officer of that selection in writing before the start of the applicable model year.

d. When a manufacturer is demonstrating compliance using Option 2 for a 

given model year, the term "in California" as used in sections E.2.1.2 and E.3.1 means 

California, the District of Columbia, and all states that have adopted California's exhaust 

emission standards in section E.1.1 for that model year pursuant to Section 177 of the 

federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).

e. A manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must provide to the 

Executive Officer separate values for the number of vehicles in each test group produced

and delivered for sale in the District of Columbia and for each individual state within the 

average.

2.1.1.2 PZEVs Anti-Backsliding Requirement. In the 2018 and subsequent 

model years, a manufacturer must produce and deliver for sale in California a minimum 

percentage of its passenger car and light-duty truck fleet that certifies to SULEV30 and 

SULEV20 standards. This minimum percentage must be equal to the average percentage 

of PZEVs produced and deliver for sale in California for that manufacturer for the 2015 

through 2017 model year. A manufacturer may calculate this average percentage using 

the projected sales for these model years in lieu of actual sales.

2.1.2 Calculation of Fleet Average NMOG + NOx Value.

2.1.2.1 Basic Calculation.

(a) Each manufacturer's PC and LDT1 fleet average NMOG+NOx value for 

the total number of PCs and LDT1s produced and delivered for sale in California 

shall be calculated as follows:

(Σ [Number of vehicles in a test group excluding off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric 

vehicles x applicable emission standard] +

Σ [Number of off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles in a test group x 

HEV NMOG+NOx contribution factor]) ÷
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-25

Total Number of PCs plus LDT1s Produced and Delivered for sale in California, Including ZEVs 

and HEVs

(b)Each manufacturer's LDT2 and MDPV fleet average NMOG+NOx value 

for the total number of LDT2s and MDPVs produced and delivered for sale in 

California shall be calculated as follows:

(Σ [Number of vehicles in a test group excluding off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric 

vehicles x applicable emission standard] +

Σ [Number of off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles in a test group x 

HEV NMOG+NOx contribution factor]) ÷

Total Number of LDT2s plus MDPVs Produced and Delivered for sale in California, Including 

ZEVs and HEVs

(c)The applicable emission standards to be used in the above equations are as 

follows:
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-26

Model Year Emission 

Category

Emission Standard Value1

(g/mi)

All PCs; 

LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW

LDTs 

3751-5750 lbs. LVW;

All MDPVs

2015 and subsequent 

model year federallycertified vehicles 

All Sum of the full useful life

NMOG and NOx Federal 

Emission Standards to which 

Vehicle is Certified

Sum of the full useful life NMOG

and NOx Federal Emission Standards 

to which Vehicle is Certified

Model Year Emission 

Category

All PCs; 

LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW

LDTs 

3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. GVWR; 

All MDPVs

2015 through 2019

model year vehicles 

certified to the “LEV 

II” standards in E.1.1.1;

2015 and subsequent 

model year vehicles 

certified to the “LEV 

III” standards in E.1.1.2

LEV II LEVs;

LEV160s

0.160 0.160

LEV II ULEVs;

LEV125s

0.125 0.125

ULEV70s 0.070 0.070

ULEV50s 0.050 0.050

LEV II SULEVs;

SULEV30s

0.030 0.030

SULEV20s 0.020 0.020

LEV II LEVs;

LEV395s

n/a 0.395

LEV II ULEVs n/a 0.343

ULEV340s n/a 0.340

ULEV250s n/a 0.250

ULEV200s n/a 0.200

SULEV170s n/a 0.170

SULEV150s n/a 0.150

1 For LEV III vehicle test groups that meet the extended emission warranty requirements in section E.1.7, the 

applicable emission standard value shall be the emission standard value set forth in this table minus 5 mg/mi.

2.1.2.2 NMOG+NOx Contribution Factor for Off-vehicle Charge Capable 

HEVs. The HEV NMOG+NOx contribution factor for light-duty off-vehicle charge 

capable hybrid electric vehicles is calculated as follows:

LEV160 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.160 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.035]

ULEV125 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.125 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.055]

ULEV70 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.070 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.020]

ULEV50 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.050 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.020]

SULEV30 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.030 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.010]

SULEV20 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.020 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.020]
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-27

where the Zero-emission VMT Allowance for off-vehicle charge capable HEVs is 

determined in accordance with section C.3 of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle 

Classes” and the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 

and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” as applicable, 

except that for the purposes of this section E.2.1.2.2, the maximum allowable Zeroemission VMT Allowance that may be used in these equations is 1.0. This section 

E.2.1.2.2 shall only apply to off-vehicle charge capable HEVs certified to the LEV III 

standards set forth in section E.1.1.2.

2.1.3 Phase-in Requirements for Small Volume Manufacturers. 

(a) In the 2015 through 2021 model years, a small volume manufacturer shall 

not exceed a fleet average NMOG+NOx value of 0.160 g/mi for PCs and LDTs from 

0-3750 lbs. LVW or 0.160 g/mi for LDTs from 3751-5750 lbs. LVW calculated in 

accordance with section E.2.1.2. In 2022 through 2024 model years, a small volume 

manufacturer shall not exceed a fleet average NMOG+NOx value of 0.125 g/mi for PCs 

and LDTs from 0-3750 lbs. LVW or 0.125 g/mi for LDTs from 3751 lbs. LVW - 8,500 

lbs. GVW and MDPVs calculated in accordance with section E.2.1.2. In 2025 and 

subsequent model years, a small volume manufacturer shall not exceed a fleet average 

NMOG+NOx value of 0.070 g/mi for PCs and LDTs from 0-3750 lbs. LVW or 0.070 

g/mi for LDTs from 3751 lbs. LVW - 8,500 lbs. GVW and MDPVs calculated in 

accordance with section E.2.1.2. For the 2015 through 2021 model years, a small volume 

manufacturer may certify its vehicles to the LEV II exhaust standards in section E.1.1.1.

All vehicles certified by a small volume manufacturer for the 2022 and subsequent model 

years must meet the LEV III exhaust standards in section E.1.1.2.

(b) If a manufacturer's average California sales exceeds 4500 units of new 

PCs, LDTs, MDVs, heavy-duty vehicles, and heavy-duty engines based on the average 

number of vehicles sold for the three previous consecutive model years, the manufacturer 

shall no longer be treated as a small volume manufacturer. If this is the first time the

manufacturer exceeds the 4500 unit sales limit, the manufacturer must comply with the 

fleet average requirements applicable to a large volume manufacturer, as specified in 

section E.2.1.1 beginning with the fourth model year after the last of the three 

consecutive model years. If during this four year lead time period the manufacturer’s 

sales drop below the 4500 unit sales limit and then increase again above the 4500 unit 

sales limit, the four year lead time period shall be calculated based on the first model year 

in which the manufacturer again exceeds the 4500 unit sales limit. Except as noted above 

– i.e., if this is not the first time the manufacturer has exceeded the 4500 unit sales limit –

the manufacturer shall comply with the fleet average requirements applicable to larger 

manufacturers as specified in section E.2.1.1 beginning with the following model year 

after the last of the three consecutive model years. 

(c) If a manufacturer's average California sales falls below 4500 units of new 

PCs, LDTs, MDVs, heavy-duty vehicles, and heavy duty engines based on the average 

number of vehicles sold for the three previous consecutive model years, the manufacturer 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-28

shall be treated as a small volume manufacturer and shall be subject to the requirements 

for small volume manufacturers beginning with the next model year.

2.1.4 Treatment of ZEVs. ZEVs classified as LDTs (>3750 lbs. LVW) that 

have been counted toward the ZEV requirement for PCs and LDTs (0-3750 lbs. LVW) as 

specified in section C of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 

2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” and the “California 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model ZeroEmission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and 

Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” shall be included in this equation.

2.2 LEV III Phase-In Requirement for Light-Duty Vehicles and Medium-Duty 

Passenger Vehicles.

For the 2015 and 2016 model years, the LEV II SULEV emission standards set 

forth in section E.1.1.1 that are applicable to PCs, LDTs, and MDPVs shall only apply to 

those PCs, LDT1s, LDT2s, and MDPVs that certify to SULEV emission standards using 

“carryover” of emission test data from a previous model year in accordance with U.S. EPA 

OMS Advisory Circular A/C No. 17F, issued November 16, 1982, and last amended January 

21, 1988, incorporated by reference in section 1961.2, title 13, CCR. Beginning in the 2017

model year, the LEV II SULEV emission standards set forth in section E.1.1.1 that are 

applicable to PCs, LDTs, and MDPVs shall only apply to those PCs, LDT1s, LDT2s, and 

MDPVs that receive partial ZEV allowances in accordance with the “California Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission 

Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and MediumDuty Vehicle Classes.” A manufacturer, other than a small volume manufacturer, must 

certify 100 percent of its PC, LDT, and MDPV fleet to the LEV III standards in section 

E.1.1.2 in 2020 and subsequent model years. A small volume manufacturer must certify 100 

percent of its PC, LDT, and MDPV fleet to the LEV III standards in section E.1.1.2 in 2022 

and subsequent model years.

2.3 LEV III Phase-In Requirements for Medium-Duty Vehicles Other than 

Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. 

2.3.1 (a) A manufacturer of MDVs, other than a small volume manufacturer, shall 

certify its MDV fleet according to the following phase-in schedule: 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-29

Model 

Year

Vehicles Certified to Section E.1.1

(%)

Vehicles 

Certified to 

title 13 CCR 

Section 

1956.8(c) or 

(h) (%)

LEV II LEV; 

LEV III

LEV395 or 

LEV630

LEV II ULEV;

LEV III 

ULEV340 or 

ULEV570

LEV III 

ULEV250 or 

ULEV400

LEV III

SULEV170 or 

SULEV230 ULEV

2015 40 60 0 0 100

2016 20 60 20 0 100

2017 10 50 40 0 100

2018 0 40 50 10 100

2019 0 30 40 30 100

2020 0 20 30 50 100

2021 0 10 20 70 100

2022 + 0 0 10 90 100

(b) Requirements for Small Volume Manufacturers. In the 2015 through 

2017 model years, a small volume manufacturer shall certify, produce, and deliver for 

sale in California vehicles or engines certified to the MDV LEV II LEV standards or to 

the LEV III LEV395 or LEV III LEV630 standards, as applicable, in a quantity 

equivalent to 100% of its MDV fleet. In the 2018 through 2021 model years, a small 

volume manufacturer shall certify, produce, and deliver for sale in California vehicles or 

engines certified to the MDV LEV II ULEV standards or to the LEV III ULEV340 or 

LEV III ULEV570 standards, as applicable, in a quantity equivalent to 100% of its MDV 

fleet. In the 2022 and subsequent model years, a small volume manufacturer shall 

certify, produce, and deliver for sale in California vehicles or engines certified to the 

MDV LEV III ULEV250 or LEV III ULEV400 standards, as applicable, in a quantity 

equivalent to 100% of its MDV fleet. Engines certified to these MDV standards are not 

eligible for emissions averaging.

(c) Alternate Phase-In Schedules for LEV III MDVs. For the 2016 and 

subsequent model years, a manufacturer, that produces and delivers for sale in California 

four or fewer medium-duty test groups may comply with the following alternate phase-in 

schedule for LEV III medium-duty vehicles.

1. A manufacturer that produces and delivers for sale in California four 

medium-duty test groups may comply with the following alternate phase-in schedule 

for LEV III medium-duty vehicles.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-30

Model 

Year

Number of Test Groups Certified to Section E.1.1

Vehicles 

Certified to 

§1956.8(c) 

or (h) (%)

LEV II LEV; 

LEV III

LEV395 or 

LEV630

LEV II ULEV;

LEV III 

ULEV340 or 

ULEV570

LEV III 

ULEV250 or 

ULEV400

LEV III

SULEV170 or 

SULEV230 ULEV

2016-2017 1 2 1 0 100

2018 0 2 2 0 100

2019 0 1 2 1 100

2020 0 1 1 2 100

2021 0 0 1 3 100

2022 + 0 0 0 4 100

2. A manufacturer that produces and delivers for sale in California three 

medium-duty test groups may comply with the following alternate phase-in schedule 

for LEV III medium-duty vehicles.

Model 

Year

Number of Test Groups Certified to Section E.1.1

Vehicles 

Certified to 

§1956.8(c) 

or (h) (%)

LEV II LEV; 

LEV III

LEV395 or 

LEV630

LEV II ULEV;

LEV III 

ULEV340 or 

ULEV570

LEV III 

ULEV250 or 

ULEV400

LEV III

SULEV170 or 

SULEV230 ULEV

2016 1 2 0 0 100

2017 0 2 1 0 100

2018 0 1 2 0 100

2019-2020 0 1 1 1 100

2021 0 0 1 2 100

2022 + 0 0 0 3 100

3. A manufacturer that produces and delivers for sale in California two 

medium-duty test groups may comply with the following alternate phase-in schedule 

for LEV III medium-duty vehicles.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-31

Model 

Year

Number of Test Groups Certified to Section E.1.1

Vehicles 

Certified to 

§1956.8(c) 

or (h) (%)

LEV II LEV; 

LEV III

LEV395 or 

LEV630

LEV II ULEV;

LEV III 

ULEV340 or 

ULEV570

LEV III 

ULEV250 or 

ULEV400

LEV III

SULEV170 or 

SULEV230 ULEV

2016 1 1 0 0 100

2017-2019 0 1 1 0 100

2020-2021 0 0 1 1 100

2022 + 0 0 0 2 100

4. A manufacturer that produces and delivers for sale in California one 

medium-duty test groups may comply with the following alternate phase-in schedule 

for LEV III medium-duty vehicles.

Model 

Year

Number of Test Groups Certified to Section E.1.1

Vehicles 

Certified to 

§1956.8(c) 

or (h) (%)

LEV II LEV; 

LEV III

LEV395 or 

LEV630

LEV II ULEV;

LEV III 

ULEV340 or 

ULEV570

LEV III 

ULEV250 or 

ULEV400

LEV III

SULEV170 or 

SULEV230 ULEV

2016-2018 0 1 0 0 100

2019-2021 0 0 1 0 100

2022 + 0 0 0 1 100

2.3.2 Identifying a Manufacturer's MDV Fleet. Each manufacturer's MDV 

fleet shall be defined as the total number of California-certified MDVs produced and

delivered for sale in California. The percentages shall be applied to the manufacturer’s total 

production of California-certified medium-duty vehicles delivered for sale in California. A

manufacturer that elects to certify engines to the optional medium-duty engine standards in 

title 13, CCR, §1956.8(c), or (h) shall not count those engines in the manufacturer’s total 

production of California-certified medium-duty vehicles for purposes of this subparagraph. 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-32

2.4 Implementation Schedules for SFTP Emission Standards.

2.4.1 Phase-In Requirement for PC, LDT, and MDPV Manufacturers. A 

test group certifying to LEV III FTP emission categories on a 150,000-mile durability basis 

shall also certify to SFTP requirements on a 150,000-mile durability basis. 

Manufacturers shall have two options for phase in to the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO 

emission standards. 

(a) Under Option 1, beginning with the 2015 model year, a manufacturer shall 

certify its PCs, LDTs, and MDPVs to the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO emission standards 

in section E.1.2.2.1.1 when the vehicles are also certifying to a LEV III FTP emission 

category at 150,000-mile durability. 

(b) Under Option 2, for 2015 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer 

shall certify its fleet of PCs, LDTs, and MDPVs such that the manufacturer’s salesweighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx composite emission value does not exceed the 

composite emission standard in effect for that model year. During the 150,000-mile 

durability phase-in, the sales-weighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx composite emission 

value shall be calculated using a combination of carry-over values and new-certification 

values. Carry-over test groups shall convert values to NMOG+NOx and may use the 

applicable deterioration factor from the FTP cycle in lieu of deriving a deterioration 

factor specific to SFTP test cycles. Any vehicle certified to SFTP requirements on a 

150,000-mile durability basis shall be subject to the applicable emission standards for the 

full useful life of that vehicle. Compliance with the CO composite emission standard 

cannot be demonstrated through fleet averaging.

Beginning with the 2017 model year, a manufacturer shall certify its PCs, LDTs, and 

MDPVs certifying to LEV III FTP PM emission standards on a 150,000-mile durability 

basis to the SFTP PM emission standards in section E.1.2.2.2.

2.4.2 Phase-In Requirements for MDV Manufacturers. Phase-in for 

NMOG+NOx and CO emission standards begins with the 2016 model year. For MDVs 

8,501-10,000 lbs. GVWR, for each model year, the percentage of MDVs certified to 

150,000-mile SFTP exhaust emission standards shall be equal to or greater than the total 

percentage certified the FTP ULEV250, ULEV200, SULEV170, and SULEV150 emission 

categories; of these vehicles, the percentage of MDVs certified to 150,000-mile SFTP 

SULEV emission standards shall be equal to or greater than the total percentage certified to 

both the FTP SULEV170 and SULEV150 emission categories. For MDVs 10,001-14,000 

lbs. GVWR, for each model year, the percentage of MDVs certified to 150,000-mile SFTP 

exhaust emission standards shall be equal to or greater than the percentage certified to the 

FTP ULEV400, ULEV270, SULEV230, and SULEV200 emission categories, and the 

percentage of MDVs certified to 150,000-mile SFTP SULEV exhaust emission standards

shall be equal to or greater than the total percentage certified to both the FTP SULEV230 and 

SULEV200 emission categories.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-33

In addition, 2017 and subsequent model MDVs certifying to LEV III FTP PM emission 

standards on a 150,000-mile durability basis must also certify to the SFTP emission standards 

set forth in section E.1.2.2.4.

2.4.3 Identifying a Manufacturer's MDV Fleet. For the 2016 and subsequent 

model years, each manufacturer's MDV fleet shall be defined as the total number of 

California-certified MDVs, other than MDPVs, produced and delivered for sale in California. 

For 2016 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer that elects to certify engines to the 

optional medium-duty engine emission standards in title 13, CCR, §1956.8(c) or (h) shall not 

count those engines in the manufacturer’s total production of California-certified mediumduty vehicles for purposes of this subparagraph. 

 

2.5 Greenhouse Gas Requirements for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and 

Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles.

2.5.1 Fleet Average Carbon Dioxide Requirements for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. For the purpose of determining compliance 

with this section E.2.5, the applicable fleet average CO2 mass emissions standards for each 

model year is the sales-weighted average of the calculated CO2 exhaust mass emission target 

values for each manufacturer. For each model year, the sales-weighted fleet average CO2

mass emissions value shall not exceed the sales-weighted average of the calculated CO2

exhaust mass emission target values for that manufacturer. 

2.5.1.1 Fleet Average Carbon Dioxide Target Values for Passenger Cars. 

The fleet average CO2 exhaust mass emission target values for passenger cars that are 

produced and delivered for sale in California each model year shall be determined as 

follows:

2.5.1.1.1 For passenger cars with a footprint of less than or equal to 41 

square feet, the gram per mile CO2 target value shall be selected for the appropriate 

model year from the following table:

Model Year CO2 Target Value

(grams/mile)

2017 195.0

2018 185.0

2019 175.0

2020 166.0

2021 157.0

2022 150.0

2023 143.0

2025 137.0

2025 and subsequent 131.0
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-34

2.5.1.1.2 For passenger cars with a footprint of greater than 56 square feet, 

the gram per mile CO2 target value shall be selected for the appropriate model year 

from the following table:

Model Year CO2 Target Value

(grams/mile)

2017 263.0

2018 250.0

2019 238.0

2020 226.0

2021 215.0

2022 205.0

2023 196.0

2025 188.0

2025 and subsequent 179.0

2.5.1.1.3 For passenger cars with a footprint that is greater than 41 square 

feet and less than or equal to 56 square feet, the gram per mile CO2 target value shall 

be calculated using the following equation and rounded to the nearest 0.1 grams/mile:

Target gCO2/mile = [a x f] + b

Where: f is the vehicle footprint and

coefficients a and b are selected from the following table for the 

applicable model year.

Model year a b

2017 4.53 8.9

2018 4.35 6.5

2019 4.17 4.2

2020 4.01 1.9

2021 3.84 -0.4

2022 3.69 -1.1

2023 3.54 -1.8

2024 3.4 -2.5

2025 and subsequent 3.26 -3.2

2.5.1.2 Fleet Average Carbon Dioxide Target Values for Light-Duty Trucks 

and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. The fleet average CO2 exhaust mass emission 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-35

target values for light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles that are produced 

and delivered for sale in California each model year shall be determined as follows:

2.5.1.2.1 For light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles with a 

footprint of less than or equal to 41 square feet, the gram per mile CO2 target value 

shall be selected from the following table:

Model Year CO2 Target Value

(grams/mile)

2017 238.0

2018 227.0

2019 220.0

2020 212.0

2021 195.0

2022 186.0

2023 176.0

2025 168.0

2025 and subsequent 159.0

2.5.1.2.2 For light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles with a 

footprint of greater than 41 square feet and less than or equal to the maximum 

footprint value specified in the table below for each model year, the gram/mile CO2

target value shall be calculated using the following equation and rounded to the 

nearest 0.1 grams/mile:

Target gCO2/mile = [a x f] + b

Where: f is the vehicle footprint and

coefficients a and b are selected from the following table for the 

applicable model year.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-36

Model year Maximum 

Footprint a b

2017 50.7 4.87 38.3

2018 60.2 4.76 31.6

2019 66.4 4.68 27.7

2020 68.3 4.57 24.6

2021 73.5 4.28 19.8

2022 74.0 4.09 17.8

2023 74.0 3.91 16.0

2024 74.0 3.74 14.2

2025 and subsequent 74.0 3.58 12.5

2.5.1.2.3 For light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles with a 

footprint that is greater than the minimum footprint value specified in the table below 

and less than or equal to the maximum footprint value specified in the table below for 

each model year, the gram/mile CO2 target value shall be calculated using the 

following equation and rounded to the nearest 0.1 grams/mile:

Target gCO2/mile = [a x f] + b

Where: f is the vehicle footprint and

coefficients a and b are selected from the following table for the 

applicable model year.

Model year Minimum Footprint Maximum Footprint a b

2017 50.7 66.0 4.04 80.5

2018 60.2 66.0 4.04 75.0

2.5.1.2.4 For light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles with a 

footprint that is greater than the minimum value specified in the table below for each 

model year, the gram/mile CO2 target value shall be selected for the applicable model 

year from the following table:
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-37

Model year Minimum 

Footprint

CO2 target value

(grams/mile)

2017 66.0 347.0

2018 66.0 342.0

2019 66.4 339.0

2020 68.3 337.0

2021 73.5 335.0

2022 74.0 321.0

2023 74.0 306.0

2024 74.0 291.0

2025 and subsequent 74.0 277.0

2.5.1.3 Calculation of Fleet Average Carbon Dioxide Standards. For each model 

year, a manufacturer must comply with its fleet average CO2 standards for passenger cars 

and for light-duty trucks plus medium-duty passenger vehicles, as applicable, calculated 

for that model year as follows. A manufacturer shall calculate separate fleet average CO2

values for its passenger car fleet and for its combined light-duty truck plus medium-duty 

passenger vehicle fleet.

2.5.1.3.1 A CO2 target value shall be calculated in accordance with 

subparagraph E.2.5.1.1 or E.2.5.1.2, as applicable, for each unique combination of 

model type and footprint value.

2.5.1.3.2 Each CO2 target value, determined for each unique combination of 

model type and footprint value, shall be multiplied by the total production of that 

model type/footprint combination for the applicable model year.

2.5.1.3.3 The resulting products shall be summed, and that sum shall be 

divided by the total production of passenger cars or total combined production of 

light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles, as applicable, in that model 

year. The result shall be rounded to the nearest whole gram per mile. This result 

shall be the applicable fleet average CO2 standard for the manufacturer’s passenger 

car fleet or its combined light-duty truck and medium-duty passenger vehicle fleet, as 

applicable.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-38

2.5.2 Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Methane (CH4) Exhaust Emission Standards for 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. Each 

manufacturer’s fleet of combined passenger automobile, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty 

passenger vehicles must comply with N2O and CH4 standards using either the provisions of 

section E.2.5.2.1, section E.2.5.2.2, or section E.2.5.2.3. Except with prior approval of the 

Executive Officer, a manufacturer may not use the provisions of both section E.2.5.2.1 and 

section E.2.5.2.2 in the same model year. For example, a manufacturer may not use the 

provisions of section E.2.5.2.1 for their passenger automobile fleet and the provisions of 

section E.2.5.2.2 for their light-duty truck and medium-duty passenger vehicle fleet in the 

same model year. The manufacturer may use the provisions of both section E.2.5.2.1 and 

section E.2.5.2.3 in the same model year. For example, a manufacturer may meet the N2O 

standard in section E.2.5.2.1 and an alternative CH4 standard determined under section 

E.2.5.2.3. 

2.5.2.1 Standards Applicable to Each Test Group. 

2.5.2.1.1 Exhaust emissions of N2O shall not exceed 0.010 grams per mile at 

full useful life, as measured on the FTP (40 CFR, Part 86, Subpart B), as amended by 

these test procedures. Manufacturers may optionally determine an alternative N2O 

standard under section E.2.5.2.3. 

2.5.2.1.2 Exhaust emissions of CH4 shall not exceed 0.030 grams per mile at 

full useful life, as measured on the FTP (40 CFR, Part 86, Subpart B), as amended by 

these test procedures. Manufacturers may optionally determine an alternative CH4

standard under section E.2.5.2.3. 

2.5.2.2 Including N2O and CH4 in Fleet Averaging Program. Manufacturers 

may elect to not meet the emission standards in section E.2.5.2.1. Manufacturers making 

this election shall measure N2O and CH4 emissions for each unique combination of 

model type and footprint value on both the FTP test cycle and the Highway Fuel 

Economy test cycle at full useful life, multiply the measured N2O emissions value by 298 

and the measured CH4 emissions value by 25, and include both of these adjusted N2O and 

CH4 full useful life values in the fleet average calculations for passenger automobiles and 

light-duty trucks plus medium-duty passenger vehicles, as calculated in accordance with 

section E.2.5.2.4. 

2.5.2.3 Optional Use of Alternative N2O and/or CH4 Standards. 

Manufacturers may select an alternative standard applicable to a test group, for either 

N2O or CH4, or both. For example, a manufacturer may choose to meet the N2O standard 

in section E.2.5.2.1.1 and an alternative CH4 standard in lieu of the standard in section 

E.2.5.2.1.2. The alternative standard for each pollutant must be less stringent than the 

applicable exhaust emission standard specified in section E.2.5.2.1. Alternative N2O and 

CH4 standards apply to emissions as measured on the FTP (40 CFR, Part 86, Subpart B), 

as amended by these test procedures, for the full useful life, and become the applicable 

certification and in-use emission standard(s) for the test group. Manufacturers using an 

alternative standard for N2O and/or CH4 must calculate emission debits according to the
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-39

provisions of section E.2.5.2.4 for each test group/alternative standard combination. 

Debits must be included in the calculation of total credits or debits generated in a model 

year as required under section E.2.5.2.2. Flexible fuel vehicles (or other vehicles 

certified for multiple fuels) must meet these alternative standards when tested on all

applicable test fuel type. 

2.5.2.4 CO2-Equivalent Debits. CO2-equivalent debits for test groups using an 

alternative N2O and/or CH4 standard as determined under E.2.5.2.3 shall be calculated 

according to the following equation and rounded to the nearest whole gram per mile: 

Debits = GWP × (Production) × (AltStd - Std) 

Where:

Debits = N2O or CH4 CO2-equivalent debits for a test group using an alternative 

N2O or CH4 standard; 

GWP = 25 if calculating CH4 debits and 298 if calculating N2O debits; 

Production = The number of vehicles of that test group produced and delivered 

for sale in California;

AltStd = The alternative standard (N2O or CH4) selected by the manufacturer 

under 1961.3(a)(2)(C); and 

Std = The exhaust emission standard for N2O or CH4 specified in 

1961.3(a)(2)(A).

2.5.3 Alternative Fleet Average Standards for Manufacturers with Limited U.S. 

Sales. Manufacturers meeting the criteria in this section E.2.5.3 may request that the 

Executive Officer establish alternative fleet average CO2 standards that would apply instead 

of the standards in section E.2.5.1. The provisions of this section E.2.5.3 are applicable only 

to the 2017 and subsequent model years. 

2.5.3.1 Eligibility for Alternative Standards. Eligibility as determined in this 

section E.2.5.3 shall be based on the total sales of combined passenger cars, light-duty 

trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles. The terms “sales” and “sold” as used in this 

section E.2.5.3 shall mean vehicles produced and delivered for sale (or sold) in the states 

and territories of the United States. For the purpose of determining eligibility the sales of 

related companies shall be aggregated according to the provisions of title 13, CCR, 

section 1900. To be eligible for alternative standards established under this section 

E.2.5.3, the manufacturer's average sales for the three most recent consecutive model 

years must remain below 5,000. If a manufacturer's average sales for the three most 

recent consecutive model years exceeds 4,999, the manufacturer will no longer be 

eligible for exemption and must meet applicable emission standards as follows. 

2.5.3.1.1 If a manufacturer's average sales for three consecutive model years 

exceeds 4,999, and if the increase in sales is the result of corporate acquisitions, 

mergers, or purchase by another manufacturer, the manufacturer shall comply with 

the emission standards described in sections E.2.5.1 and E.2.5.2, as applicable,
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-40

beginning with the first model year after the last year of the three consecutive model 

years. 

2.5.3.1.2 If a manufacturer's average sales for three consecutive model years 

exceeds 4,999 and is less than 50,000, and if the increase in sales is solely the result 

of the manufacturer's expansion in vehicle production (not the result of corporate 

acquisitions, mergers, or purchase by another manufacturer), the manufacturer shall 

comply with the emission standards described in sections E.2.5.1 and E.2.5.2, as 

applicable, beginning with the second model year after the last year of the three 

consecutive model years. 

2.5.3.2 Requirements for New Entrants into the U.S. Market. New entrants 

are those manufacturers without a prior record of automobile sales in the United States 

and without prior certification to (or exemption from, under 40 CFR §86.1801-12(k))

greenhouse gas emission standards in 40 CFR §86.1818-12 or greenhouse gas standards 

in section 1961.1, title 13, CCR. In addition to the eligibility requirements stated in 

section E.2.5.3.1, new entrants must meet the following requirements:

2.5.3.2.1 In addition to the information required under section E.2.5.3.4, 

new entrants must provide documentation that shows a clear intent by the company to 

actually enter the U.S. market in the years for which alternative standards are 

requested. Demonstrating such intent could include providing documentation that 

shows the establishment of a U.S. dealer network, documentation of work underway 

to meet other U.S. requirements (e.g., safety standards), or other information that 

reasonably establishes intent to the satisfaction of the Executive Officer. 

2.5.3.2.2 Sales of vehicles in the U.S. by new entrants must remain below 

5,000 vehicles for the first two model years in the U.S. market and the average sales 

for any three consecutive years within the first five years of entering the U.S. market 

must remain below 5,000 vehicles. Vehicles sold in violation of these limits will be 

considered not covered by the certificate of conformity and the manufacturer will be 

subject to penalties on an individual-vehicle basis for sale of vehicles not covered by 

a certificate. In addition, violation of these limits will result in loss of eligibility for 

alternative standards until such point as the manufacturer demonstrates two 

consecutive model years of sales below 5,000 automobiles. 

2.5.3.2.3 A manufacturer with sales in the most recent model year of less 

than 5,000 automobiles, but where prior model year sales were not less than 5,000 

automobiles, is eligible to request alternative standards under section E.2.5.3. 

However, such a manufacturer will be considered a new entrant and subject to the 

provisions regarding new entrants in this section E.2.5.3, except that the requirement 

to demonstrate an intent to enter the U.S. market in section E.2.5.3.2 shall not apply.

2.5.3.3 How to Request Alternative Fleet Average Standards. Eligible 

manufacturers may petition for alternative standards for up to five consecutive model 

years if sufficient information is available on which to base such standards.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-41

2.5.3.3.1 To request alternative standards starting with the 2017 model year, 

eligible manufacturers must submit a completed application no later than July 30, 

2013. 

2.5.3.3.2 To request alternative standards starting with a model after 2017, 

eligible manufacturers must submit a completed request no later than 36 months prior 

to the start of the first model year to which the alternative standards would apply.

2.5.3.3.3 The request must contain all the information required in section 

E.2.5.3.4, and must be signed by a chief officer of the company. If the Executive 

Officer determines that the content of the request is incomplete or insufficient, the 

manufacturer will be notified and given an additional 30 days to amend the request. 

2.5.3.4 Data and Information Submittal Requirements. Eligible 

manufacturers requesting alternative standards under section E.2.5.3.3 must submit the 

following information to the California Air Resources Board. The Executive Officer may 

request additional information as s/he deems appropriate. The completed request must be 

sent to the California Air Resources Board at the following address: Chief, Mobile 

Source Operations Division, California Air Resources Board, 9480 Telstar Avenue, Suite 

4, El Monte, California 91731.

2.5.3.4.1 Vehicle Model and Fleet Information. 

a. The model years to which the requested alternative standards would 

apply, limited to five consecutive model years.

b. Vehicle models and projections of production volumes for each model 

year.

c. Detailed description of each model, including the vehicle type, vehicle 

mass, power, footprint, and expected pricing.

d. The expected production cycle for each model, including new model 

introductions and redesign or refresh cycles.

2.5.3.4.2 Technology Evaluation Information. 

a. The CO2 reduction technologies employed by the manufacturer on 

each vehicle model, including information regarding the cost and CO2 -reducing 

effectiveness. Include technologies that improve air conditioning efficiency and 

reduce air conditioning system leakage, and any “off-cycle” technologies that 

potentially provide benefits outside the operation represented by the FTP and the 

HWFET.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-42

b. An evaluation of comparable models from other manufacturers, 

including CO2 results and air conditioning credits generated by the models. 

Comparable vehicles should be similar, but not necessarily identical, in the following 

respects: vehicle type, horsepower, mass, power-to-weight ratio, footprint, retail 

price, and any other relevant factors. For manufacturers requesting alternative 

standards starting with the 2017 model year, the analysis of comparable vehicles 

should include vehicles from the 2012 and 2013 model years, otherwise the analysis 

should at a minimum include vehicles from the most recent two model years.

c. A discussion of the CO2-reducing technologies employed on vehicles 

offered outside of the U.S. market but not available in the U.S., including a discussion 

as to why those vehicles and/or technologies are not being used to achieve CO2

reductions for vehicles in the U.S. market.

d. An evaluation, at a minimum, of the technologies projected by the 

California Air Resources Board in the “Staff Report: Initial Statement of Reasons for 

Proposed Rulemaking, Public Hearing to Consider the “LEV III” Amendments to The 

California Greenhouse Gas and Criteria Pollutant Exhaust and Evaporative Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures and to the On-Board Diagnostic System Requirements 

for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles, and to the 

Evaporative Emission Requirements for Heavy-Duty Vehicles” and the appendices to 

this report, released on December 7, 2011, as those technologies likely to be used to 

meet greenhouse gas emission standards and the extent to which those technologies 

are employed or projected to be employed by the manufacturer. For any technology 

that is not projected to be fully employed, the manufacturer must explain why this is 

the case.

2.5.3.4.3 Information Supporting Eligibility. 

a. U.S. sales for the three previous model years and projected sales for 

the model years for which the manufacturer is seeking alternative standards.

b. Information regarding ownership relationships with other 

manufacturers, including details regarding the application of the provisions of 40 

CFR §86.1838–01(b)(3) and title 13, CCR, section 1900 regarding the aggregation of 

sales of related companies.

2.5.3.5 Alternative Standards. Upon receiving a complete application, the 

Executive Officer will review the application and determine whether an alternative 

standard is warranted. If the Executive Officer judges that an alternative standard is 

warranted, the following standards shall apply. For the purposes of this section E.2.5.3.5, 

an “ultra-small volume manufacturer” shall mean a manufacturer that meets the 

requirements of section E.2.5.3.

2.5.3.5.1 At the beginning of the model year that is three model years prior 

to the model year for which an alternative standard is requested, each ultra-small 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-43

volume manufacturer shall identify all vehicle models from the model year that is 

four model years prior to the model year for which an alternative standard is 

requested, certified by a large volume manufacturer that are comparable to that small 

volume manufacturer’s vehicle models for the model year for which an alternative 

standard is requested, based on model type and footprint value. The ultra-small 

volume manufacturer shall demonstrate to the Executive Officer the appropriateness 

of each comparable vehicle model selected. Upon approval of the Executive Officer, 

s/he shall provide to the ultra-small volume manufacturer the target grams CO2 per 

mile for each vehicle model type and footprint value that is approved. The ultrasmall volume manufacturer shall calculate its fleet average CO2 standard in 

accordance with section E.2.5.1.3 based on these target grams CO2 per mile values 

provided by the Executive Officer. 

2.5.3.5.2 In the 2017 and subsequent model years, an ultra-small volume 

manufacturer shall either:

a. not exceed its fleet average CO2 standard calculated in accordance 

with section E.2.5.1.3 based on the target grams CO2 per mile values provided by 

the Executive Officer; or

b. upon approval of the Executive Officer, if an ultra-small volume 

manufacturer demonstrates a vehicle model uses an engine, transmission, and 

emission control system and has a footprint value that are identical to a 

configuration certified for sale in California by a large volume manufacturer, 

those ultra-small volume manufacturer vehicle models are exempt from meeting 

the requirements in section E.2.5.3.5.2.a. 

2.5.3.6 Restrictions on Credit Trading. Manufacturers subject to alternative 

standards approved by the Executive Officer under this section E.2.5.3 may not trade 

credits to another manufacturer. Transfers of credits between a manufacturer’s car and 

truck fleets are allowed. 

2.5.4 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Values for Electric Vehicles, “Plug-In” Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles, and Fuel Cell Vehicles. 

2.5.4.1 Electric Vehicle Calculations. 

2.5.4.1.1 For each unique combination of model type and footprint value, a 

manufacturer shall calculate the City CO2 Value using the following formula:

City CO2 Value = (270 gCO2e/kWh) * EEV – 0.25 * CO2 target

Where EEV is measured directly from each cycle for each test vehicle of battery 

electric vehicle technology in units of kilowatt-hours per mile (per SAE J1634, 

incorporated by reference in section 1961.2, title 13, CCR). 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-44

2.5.4.1.2 For each unique combination of model type and footprint value, a 

manufacturer shall calculate the Highway CO2 Value using the following formula:

Highway CO2 Value = (270 gCO2e/kWh) * EEV – 0.25 * CO2 target

Where EEV is measured directly from each cycle for each test vehicle of battery 

electric vehicle technology in units of kilowatt-hours per mile (per SAE J1634, 

incorporated herein by reference). 

2.5.4.2 “Plug-In” Hybrid Electric Vehicle Calculations. For each unique 

combination of model type and footprint value, a manufacturer shall calculate the City CO2

Value and the Highway CO2 Value using the following formulas:

City CO2 Value = GHGurban

and

Highway CO2 Value = GHGhighway

Where GHGurban and GHGhighway are measured in accordance with section G.12 of the 

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model 

Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty 

Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” or the “California Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle 

Classes,” as applicable.

2.5.4.3 Fuel Cell Vehicle Calculations. For each unique combination of model 

type and footprint value, a manufacturer shall calculate the City CO2 Value and the Highway 

CO2 Value using the following formulas: 

City CO2 = GHGFCV = (9132 gCO2e/kg H2) * HFCV – Gupstream

and

Highway CO2 = GHGFCV = (9132 gCO2e/kg H2) * HFCV – Gupstream

Where HFCV means hydrogen consumption in kilograms of hydrogen per mile, measured for 

the applicable test cycle, in accordance with SAE J2572 (published October 2008), 

incorporated by reference in section 1961.2, title 13, CCR.

2.5.5 Calculation of Fleet Average Carbon Dioxide Value. 

2.5.5.1 For each unique combination of model type and footprint value, a 

manufacturer shall calculate a combined city/highway CO2 exhaust emission value as 

follows:

0.55 x City CO2 Value + 0.45 x Highway CO2 Value
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-45

“City” CO2 exhaust emissions shall be measured using the FTP test cycle (40 CFR, Part 

86, Subpart B), as amended by the “California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria 

Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent 

Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures Passenger 

Cars, Light Duty Trucks, and Medium Duty Vehicles.” “Highway” CO2 exhaust 

emission shall be measured using the using the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET; 

40 CFR 600 Subpart B). 

2.5.5.2 Each combined city/highway CO2 exhaust emission, determined for 

each unique combination of model type and footprint value, shall be multiplied by the 

total production of that model type/footprint combination for the applicable model year. 

2.5.5.3 The resulting products shall be summed, and that sum shall be divided 

by the total production of passenger cars or total combined production of light-duty 

trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles, as applicable, in that model year. The result 

shall be rounded to the nearest whole gram per mile. This result shall be the 

manufacturer’s actual sales-weighted fleet average CO2 value for the manufacturer’s 

passenger car fleet or its combined light-duty truck and medium-duty passenger vehicle 

fleet, as applicable.

2.5.5.4 For each model year, a manufacturer must demonstrate compliance 

with the fleet average requirements in section E.2.5 based on one of two options 

applicable throughout the model year, either: 

Option 1: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and mediumduty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California exhaust emission standards in 

section E.2.5, and are produced and delivered for sale in California; or 

Option 2: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and mediumduty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California exhaust emission standards in 

section E.2.5, and are produced and delivered for sale in California, the District of 

Columbia, and all states that have adopted California's greenhouse gas emission 

standards for that model year pursuant to Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 

U.S.C. § 7507). 

1. A manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must notify the 

Executive Officer of that selection, in writing, prior to the start of the applicable 

model year or must comply with Option 1. Once a manufacturer has selected 

compliance Option 2, that selection applies unless the manufacturer selects Option 1 

and notifies the Executive Officer of that selection in writing before the start of the 

applicable model year. 

2. When a manufacturer is demonstrating compliance using Option 2 for a 

given model year, the term "in California" as used in sections E.2.5 and E.3.2 means 

California, the District of Columbia, and all states that have adopted California's 

greenhouse gas emission standards for that model year pursuant to Section 177 of the 

federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-46

3. A manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must provide to the 

Executive Officer separate values for the number of vehicles in each model type and 

footprint value produced and delivered for sale in the District of Columbia and for 

each individual state within the average and the City CO2 Value and Highway CO2

exhaust emission values that apply to each model type and footprint value.

2.5.6 Credits for Reduction of Air Conditioning Direct Emissions. Manufacturers 

may generate A/C Direct Emissions Credits by implementing specific air conditioning 

system technologies designed to reduce air conditioning direct emissions over the useful life 

of their vehicles. A manufacturer may only use an A/C Direct Emissions Credit for vehicles 

within a model type upon approval of the A/C Direct Emissions Credit for that model type by 

the Executive Officer. The conditions and requirements for obtaining approval of an A/C 

Direct Emissions Credit are described below.

2.5.6.1 Applications for approval of an A/C Direct Emissions Credit must be 

organized by model type. The applications must also include:

• vehicle make and 

• number of vehicles within the model type that will be equipped with the air 

conditioning system to which the leakage credit shall apply. 

Separate applications must be submitted for any two configurations of an A/C system 

with differences other than dimensional variation. 

2.5.6.2 To obtain approval of the A/C Direct Emissions Credit, the manufacturer 

must demonstrate through an engineering evaluation that the A/C system under 

consideration reduces A/C direct emissions. The demonstration must include all of the 

following elements:

• the amount of A/C Direct Emissions Credit requested, in grams of CO2-equivalent per 

mile (gCO2e/mi); 

• the calculations identified in section 1961.3(a)(6)(C) justifying that credit amount, 

• schematic of the A/C system; 

• specifications of the system components with sufficient detail to allow reproduction 

of the calculation; and

• an explanation describing what efforts have been made to minimize the number of 

fittings and joints and to optimize the components in order to minimize leakage. 

Calculated values must be carried to at least three significant figures throughout the 

calculations, and the final credit value must be rounded to one tenth of a gram of CO2-

equivalent per mile (gCO2e/mi).

2.5.6.3 The calculation of A/C Direct Emissions Credit depends on the refrigerant 

or type of system, and is defined in paragraphs E. 2.5.6.3.1, E. 2.5.6.3.2, and E. 2.5.6.3.3.

2.5.6.3.1 HFC-134a vapor compression systems
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-47

For A/C systems that use HFC-134a refrigerant, the A/C Direct Emissions 

Credit shall be calculated using the following formula:

/ (1 ) Avg LR

LR A C Direct Credit = Direct Credit Baseline × −

Where: 

Direct Credit Baseline = 12.6 gCO2e/mi for passenger cars;

Direct Credit Baseline = 15.6 gCO2e/mi for light-duty trucks and mediumduty passenger vehicles;

Avg LR = 16.6 grams/year for passenger cars;

Avg LR = 20.7 grams/year for light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger 

vehicles;

LR = the larger of SAE LR or Min LR;

Where:

SAE LR = initial leak rate evaluated using SAE International’s Surface 

Vehicle Standard SAE J2727 (Revised August 2008) incorporated by reference in 

section 1961.2, title 13, CCR;

Min LR = 8.3 grams/year for passenger car A/C systems with belt-driven 

compressors;

Min LR = 10.4 grams/year for light-duty truck and medium-duty passenger 

vehicle A/C systems with belt-driven compressors;

Min LR = 4.1 grams/year for passenger car A/C systems with electric 

compressors;

Min LR = 5.2 grams/year for light-duty truck and medium-duty passenger 

vehicle A/C systems with electric compressors.

Note: Initial leak rate is the rate of refrigerant leakage from a newly manufactured 

A/C system in grams of refrigerant per year. The Executive Officer may allow a 

manufacturer to use an updated version of the August 2008 version of SAE J2727 or 

an alternate method if s/he determines that the updated SAE J2727 or the alternate 

method provides more accurate estimates of the initial leak rate of A/C systems than 

the August 2008 version of SAE J2727 does.

2.5.6.3.2 Low-GWP vapor compression systems

For A/C systems that use a refrigerant having a GWP of 150 or less, the 

A/C Direct Emissions Credit shall be calculated using the following formula:

A/C Direct Credit = Low GWP Credit − High Leak Penalty

Where: 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-48

) 1,430 (1 GWP Low GWP Credit = Max Low GWP Credit × −

,

and















≤

< ≤ −

− ×

>

=

0, if .

, if ;

, if ;

SAE LR Min LR

Min LR SAE LR Avg LR

Avg LR Min LR

SAE LR Min LR Max High Leak Penalty

Max High Leak Penalty SAE LR Avg LR

High Leak Penalty

Where: 

Max Low GWP Credit = 13.8 gCO2e/mi for passenger cars;

Max Low GWP Credit = 17.2 gCO2e/mi for light-duty trucks and medium-duty 

passenger vehicles;

GWP = the global warming potential of the refrigerant over a 100-year horizon, as 

specified in section E.2.5.6.6;

Max High Leak Penalty = 1.8 gCO2e/mi for passenger cars;

Max High Leak Penalty = 2.1 gCO2e/mi for light-duty trucks and medium-duty 

passenger vehicles;

Avg LR = 13.1 g/yr for passenger cars;

Avg LR = 16.6 g/yr for light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles;

and where:

SAE LR = initial leak rate evaluated using SAE International’s Surface Vehicle 

Standard SAE J2727 (Revised August 2008);

Min LR = 8.3 g/yr for passenger cars;

Min LR = 10.4 g/yr for light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.

Note: Initial leak rate is the rate of refrigerant leakage from a newly manufactured A/C 

system in grams of refrigerant per year. The Executive Officer may allow a manufacturer 

to use an updated version of SAE J2727 or an alternate applicable test method if s/he 

finds the update or the alternate method provides more accurate estimates of the initial 

leak rate of A/C systems than the August 2008 version of SAE J2727 does.

2.5.6.3.3 Other A/C systems

For an A/C system that uses a technology other than vapor compression cycles, an A/C 

Direct Emissions Credit may be approved by the Executive Officer. The amount of 

credit requested must be based on demonstration of the reduction of A/C direct emissions 

of the technology using an engineering evaluation that includes verifiable laboratory test 

data, and cannot exceed 13.8 gCO2e/mi for passenger cars and 17.2 gCO2e/mi for lightduty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-49

2.5.6.4 The total leakage reduction credits generated by the air conditioning 

system shall be calculated separately for passenger cars and for light-duty trucks and 

medium-duty passenger vehicles according to the following formula: 

Total Credits (g/mi) = A/C Direct Credit × Production

Where:

A/C Direct Credit is calculated as specified in section E.2.5.6.3. 

Production = The total number of passenger cars or light-duty trucks plus 

medium-duty passenger vehicles, whichever is applicable, produced and delivered 

for sale in California, with the air conditioning system to which the A/D Direct 

Credit value from section E.2.5.6.3 applies.

2.5.6.5 The results of section E.2.5.6.4, rounded to the nearest whole gram per 

mile, shall be included in the manufacturer's credit/debit totals calculated in section E.3.2.1.2. 

2.5.6.6 The following values for refrigerant global warming potential (GWP), or 

alternative values as determined by the Administrator, shall be used in the calculations of this 

section E.2.5.6. The Executive Officer shall determine values for refrigerants not included in 

this section E.2.5.6.6 upon request by a manufacturer, based on findings by the 

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) or from other applicable research 

studies. 

Refrigerant GWP

HFC–134a 1,430

HFC–152a 124

HFO–1234yf 4

CO2 1

2.5.7 Credits for Improving Air Conditioning System Efficiency. Manufacturers 

may generate CO2 credits by implementing specific air conditioning system technologies 

designed to reduce air conditioning-related CO2 emissions over the useful life of their 

passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and/or medium-duty passenger vehicles. Credits shall be 

calculated according to this section E.2.5.7 for each air conditioning system that the 

manufacturer is using to generate CO2 credits. The eligibility requirements specified in 

section E.2.5.7.5 must be met before an air conditioning system is allowed to generate 

credits. 

2.5.7.1 Air conditioning efficiency credits are available for the following 

technologies in the gram per mile amounts indicated for each vehicle category in the 

following table:
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-50

Air Conditioning Technology

Passenger 

Cars 

(g/mi)

Light-Duty 

Trucks and 

Medium-Duty 

Passenger 

Vehicles (g/mi)

Reduced reheat, with externally-controlled, variable-displacement 

compressor (e.g. a compressor that controls displacement based on 

temperature setpoint and/or cooling demand of the air conditioning 

system control settings inside the passenger compartment).

1.5 2.2

Reduced reheat, with externally-controlled, fixed-displacement or 

pneumatic variable displacement compressor (e.g. a compressor that 

controls displacement based on conditions within, or internal to, the 

air conditioning system, such as head pressure, suction pressure, or 

evaporator outlet temperature).

1.0 1.4

Default to recirculated air with closed-loop control of the air supply 

(sensor feedback to control interior air quality) whenever the 

ambient temperature is 75 °F or higher: Air conditioning systems 

that operated with closed-loop control of the air supply at different 

temperatures may receive credits by submitting an engineering 

analysis to the Administrator for approval.

1.5 2.2

Default to recirculated air with open-loop control air supply (no 

sensor feedback) whenever the ambient temperature is 75 °F or 

higher. Air conditioning systems that operate with open-loop control 

of the air supply at different temperatures may receive credits by 

submitting an engineering analysis to the Administrator for approval.

1.0 1.4

Blower motor controls which limit wasted electrical energy (e.g. 

pulse width modulated power controller).

0.8 1.1

Internal heat exchanger (e.g. a device that transfers heat from the 

high-pressure, liquid-phase refrigerant entering the evaporator to the 

low-pressure, gas-phase refrigerant exiting the evaporator).

1.0 1.4

Improved condensers and/or evaporators with system analysis on the 

component(s) indicating a coefficient of performance improvement 

for the system of greater than 10% when compared to previous 

industry standard designs).

1.0 1.4

Oil separator. The manufacturer must submit an engineering analysis 

demonstrating the increased improvement of the system relative to 

the baseline design, where the baseline component for comparison is 

the version which a manufacturer most recently had in production on 

the same vehicle design or in a similar or related vehicle model. The 

characteristics of the baseline component shall be compared to the 

new component to demonstrate the improvement.

0.5 0.7

2.5.7.2 Air conditioning efficiency credits are determined on an air 

conditioning system basis. For each air conditioning system that is eligible for a credit 

based on the use of one or more of the items listed in section E.2.5.7.1, the total credit 

value is the sum of the gram per mile values listed in section E.2.5.7.1 for each item that 

applies to the air conditioning system. The total credit value for an air conditioning
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-51

system may not be greater than 5.0 grams per mile for any passenger car or 7.2 grams per 

mile for any light-duty truck or medium-duty passenger vehicle. 

2.5.7.3 The total efficiency credits generated by an air conditioning system 

shall be calculated separately for passenger cars and for light-duty trucks plus mediumduty passenger vehicles according to the following formula: 

Total Credits (g/mi) = Credit × Production

Where:

Credit = the CO2 efficiency credit value in grams per mile determined in 

section E.2.5.7.2 or E. 2.5.7.5, whichever is applicable. 

Production = The total number of passenger cars or light-duty trucks plus 

medium-duty passenger vehicles, whichever is applicable, produced and delivered for 

sale in California, with the air conditioning system to which to the efficiency credit 

value from section E.2.5.7.2 applies.

2.5.7.4 The results of section E.2.5.7.3, rounded to the nearest whole gram per 

mile, shall be included in the manufacturer’s credit/debit totals calculated in section 

E.3.2.1.2. 

2.5.7.5 For the purposes of this section E.2.5.7.5, the AC17 Test Procedure 

shall mean the AC17 Air Conditioning Efficiency Test Procedure set forth in Part II, 

Section A.100.5.6 of these test procedures 

2.5.7.5.1 For each air conditioning system selected by the manufacturer to 

generate air conditioning efficiency credits, the manufacturer shall perform the AC17 

Test Procedure.

2.5.7.5.2 Using good engineering judgment, the manufacturer must select 

the vehicle configuration to be tested that is expected to result in the greatest 

increased CO2 emissions as a result of the operation of the air conditioning system for 

which efficiency credits are being sought. If the air conditioning system is being 

installed in passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles, a 

separate determination of the quantity of credits for passenger cars and for light-duty 

trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles must be made, but only one test vehicle is 

required to represent the air conditioning system, provided it represents the worstcase impact of the system on CO2 emissions.

2.5.7.5.3 For each air conditioning system selected by the manufacturer to 

generate air conditioning efficiency credits, the manufacturer shall perform the AC17 

Test Procedure according to the following requirements. Each air conditioning 

system shall be tested as follows:

a. Perform the AC17 test on a vehicle that incorporates the air 

conditioning system with the credit-generating technologies.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-52

b. Perform the AC17 test on a vehicle which does not incorporate the 

credit-generating technologies. The tested vehicle must be similar to the vehicle 

tested under section E.2.5.7.5.3.a. 

c. Subtract the CO2 emissions determined from testing under section 

E.2.5.7.5.3.a from the CO2 emissions determined from testing under subsection 

E.2.5.7.5.3.b and round to the nearest 0.1 grams/mile. If the result is less than or 

equal to zero, the air conditioning system is not eligible to generate credits. If the 

result is greater than or equal to the total of the gram per mile credits determined 

under section E.2.5.7.2, then the air conditioning system is eligible to generate the 

maximum allowable value determined under section E.2.5.7.2. If the result is 

greater than zero but less than the total of the gram per mile credits determined 

under section E.2.5.7.2, then the air conditioning system is eligible to generate 

credits in the amount determined by subtracting the CO2 emissions determined 

from testing under section E.2.5.7.5.3.a from the CO2 emissions determined from 

testing under section E.2.5.7.5.3.b and rounding to the nearest 0.1 grams/mile.

2.5.7.5.4 For the first model year for which an air conditioning system is 

expected to generate credits, the manufacturer must select for testing the highestselling subconfiguration within each vehicle platform that uses the air conditioning 

system. Credits may continue to be generated by the air conditioning system installed 

in a vehicle platform provided that:

a. The air conditioning system components and/or control strategies do not 

change in any way that could be expected to cause a change in its efficiency;

b. The vehicle platform does not change in design such that the changes 

could be expected to cause a change in the efficiency of the air conditioning 

system; and

c. The manufacturer continues to test at least one sub-configuration within 

each platform using the air conditioning system, in each model year, until all subconfigurations within each platform have been tested. 

2.5.7.5.5 Each air conditioning system must be tested and must meet the 

testing criteria in order to be allowed to generate credits. Using good engineering 

judgment, in the first model year for which an air conditioning system is expected to 

generate credits, the manufacturer must select for testing the highest-selling 

subconfiguration within each vehicle platform using the air conditioning system. 

Credits may continue to be generated by an air conditioning system in subsequent 

model years if the manufacturer continues to test at least one sub-configuration within 

each platform on an annual basis, as long as the air conditioning system and vehicle 

platform do not change substantially.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-53

2.5.8 Off-Cycle Credits. Manufacturers may generate credits for CO2-reducing 

technologies where the CO2 reduction benefit of the technology is not adequately captured on 

the FTP and/or the HWFET. These technologies must have a measurable, demonstrable, and 

verifiable real-world CO2 reduction that occurs outside the conditions of the FTP and the 

HWFET. These optional credits are referred to as “off-cycle” credits. Off-cycle 

technologies used to generate emission credits are considered emission-related components 

subject to applicable requirements, and must be demonstrated to be effective for the full 

useful life of the vehicle. Unless the manufacturer demonstrates that the technology is not 

subject to in-use deterioration, the manufacturer must account for the deterioration in their 

analysis. The manufacturer must use one of the three options specified in this section E.2.5.8 

to determine the CO2 gram per mile credit applicable to an off-cycle technology. The 

manufacturer should notify the Executive Officer in its pre-model year report of its intention 

to generate any credits under this section E.2.5.8. 

2.5.8.1 Credit available for certain off-cycle technologies.

2.5.8.1.1 The manufacturer may generate a CO2 gram/mile credit for certain 

technologies as specified in the following table, provided that each technology is 

applied to the minimum percentage of the manufacturer’s total U.S. production of 

passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles specified in 

the table in each model year for which credit is claimed. Technology definitions are 

in section B. 

Off-Cycle 

Technology

Passenger Cars 

(g/mi)

Light-Duty Trucks 

and Medium-Duty 

Passenger Vehicles 

(g/mi)

Minimum percent 

of U.S. production

Active 

aerodynamics 0.6 1.0 10

High efficiency 

exterior lighting 1.1 1.1 10

Engine heat 

recovery

0.7 per 100W of 

capacity

0.7 per 100W of 

capacity 10

Engine start-stop 

(idle-off) 2.9 4.5 10

Active 

transmission 

warm-up

1.8 1.8 10

Active engine 

warm-up

1.8 1.8 10

Electric heater 

circulation pump 1.0 1.5 n/a

Solar roof panels 3.0 3.0 n/a

Thermal control ≤3.0 ≤4.3 n/a
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-54

a. Credits may also be accrued for thermal control technologies as 

defined in section B in the amounts shown in the following table:

Thermal Control 

Technology

Credit value: 

Passenger Cars 

(g/mi)

Credit Value: Light-Duty 

Trucks and Medium-Duty 

Passenger Vehicles (g/mi)

Glass or glazing ≤2.9 ≤3.9

Active seat 

ventilation 1.0 1.3

Solar reflective paint 0.4 0.5

Passive cabin 

ventilation 1.7 2.3

Active cabin 

ventilation 2.1 2.8

b. The maximum credit allowed for thermal control technologies is 

limited to 3.0 g/mi for passenger cars and to 4.3 g/mi for light-duty trucks and 

medium-duty passenger vehicles. The maximum credit allowed for glass or glazing is 

limited to 2.9 g/mi for passenger cars and to 3.9 g/mi for light-duty trucks and 

medium-duty passenger vehicles.

c. Glass or glazing credits are calculated using the following equation: 

Credit = �Z × �Ti × Gi

G

n

i=1

�

Where:

Credit = the total glass or glazing credits, in grams per mile, for a vehicle, 

which may not exceed 3.0 g/mi for passenger cars or 4.3 g/mi for light-duty trucks 

and medium-duty passenger vehicles; 

Z = 0.3 for passenger cars and 0.4 for light-duty trucks and medium-duty 

passenger vehicles;

Gi = the measured glass area of window i, in square meters and rounded to 

the nearest tenth;

G = the total glass area of the vehicle, in square meters and rounded to the 

nearest tenth;

Ti = the estimated temperature reduction for the glass area of window i, 

determined using the following formula:

Ti = 0.3987 × (Ttsbase−Ttsnew)

Where:

Ttsnew = the total solar transmittance of the glass, measured according to 

ISO 13837, “Safety glazing materials – Method for determination of solar 

transmittance” (incorporated by reference in section 1961.2, title 13, CCR). 

Ttsbase = 62 for the windshield, side-front, side-rear, rear-quarter, and 

backlite locations, and 40 for rooflite locations.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-55

2.5.8.1.2 The maximum allowable decrease in the manufacturer’s combined 

passenger car and light-duty truck plus medium-duty passenger vehicle fleet average 

CO2 emissions attributable to use of the default credit values in section E.2.5.8.1.1 is 

10 grams per mile. If the total of the CO2 g/mi credit values from the table in section 

E.2.5.8.1.1 does not exceed 10 g/mi for any passenger automobile or light truck in a 

manufacturer’s fleet, then the total off-cycle credits may be calculated according to 

section E.2.5.8.4. If the total of the CO2 g/mi credit values from the table in section 

E.2.5.8.1 exceeds 10 g/mi for any passenger car, light-duty truck, or medium-duty 

passenger vehicle in a manufacturer’s fleet, then the gram per mile decrease for the 

combined passenger car and light-duty truck plus medium-duty passenger vehicle 

fleet must be determined according to section E.2.5.8.1.2.a to determine whether the 

10 g/mi limitation has been exceeded.

a. Determine the gram per mile decrease for the combined passenger car 

and light-duty truck plus medium-duty passenger vehicle fleet using the following 

formula:

Decrease = Credits × 1,000,000

[(ProdC × 195,264) + (ProdT × 225,865)]

Where:

Credits = The total of passenger car and light-duty truck plus mediumduty passenger vehicles credits, in Megagrams, determined according to 

section E.2.5.8.4 and limited to those credits accrued by using the default 

gram per mile values in section E.2.5.8.1.1.

ProdC = The number of passenger cars produced by the manufacturer 

and delivered for sale in the U.S.

ProdT = The number of light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger 

vehicles produced by the manufacturer and delivered for sale in the U.S.

b. If the value determined in section E.2.5.8.1.2.a is greater than 10 

grams per mile, the total credits, in Megagrams, that may be accrued by a 

manufacturer using the default gram per mile values in section E.2.5.8.1.1 shall be 

determined using the following formula:

Credit (Megagrams) = �10 × �(ProdC × 195,264) + (ProdT × 225,865)��

1,000,000

Where:

ProdC = The number of passenger cars produced by the manufacturer 

and delivered for sale in the U.S.

ProdT = The number of light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger 

vehicles produced by the manufacturer and delivered for sale in the U.S.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-56

c. If the value determined in section E.2.5.8.1.2.a is not greater than 10 

grams per mile, then the credits that may be accrued by a manufacturer using the 

default gram per mile values in section E.2.5.8.1.1 do not exceed the allowable 

limit, and total credits may be determined for each category of vehicles according 

to section E.2.5.8.4. 

 

d. If the value determined in section E.2.5.8.1.2.a is greater than 10 

grams per mile, then the combined passenger car and light-duty truck plus 

medium-duty passenger vehicle credits, in Megagrams, that may be accrued using 

the calculations in section E.2.5.8.4 must not exceed the value determined in 

section E.2.5.8.1.2.b. This limitation should generally be done by reducing the 

amount of credits attributable to the vehicle category that caused the limit to be 

exceeded such that the total value does not exceed the value determined in section 

E.2.5.8.1.2.b. 

2.5.8.1.3. In lieu of using the default gram per mile values specified in 

section E.2.5.8.1.1 for specific technologies, a manufacturer may determine an 

alternative value for any of the specified technologies. An alternative value must be 

determined using one of the methods specified in section 2.5.8.2 or section 2.5.8.3. 

2.5.8.2 Technology demonstration using EPA 5-cycle methodology. To 

demonstrate an off-cycle technology and to determine a CO2 credit using the EPA 5-

cycle methodology, the manufacturer shall determine the off-cycle city/highway 

combined carbon-related exhaust emissions benefit by using the EPA 5-cycle 

methodology described in 40 CFR Part 600. Testing shall be performed on a 

representative vehicle, selected using good engineering judgment, for each model type 

for which the credit is being demonstrated. The emission benefit of a technology is 

determined by testing both with and without the off-cycle technology operating. Multiple 

off-cycle technologies may be demonstrated on a test vehicle. The manufacturer shall 

conduct the following steps and submit all test data to the Executive Officer.

2.5.8.2.1 Testing without the off-cycle technology installed and/or 

operating. Determine carbon-related exhaust emissions over the FTP, the HWFET, 

the US06, the SC03, and the cold temperature FTP test procedures according to the 

test procedure provisions specified in 40 CFR part 600 subpart B and using the 

calculation procedures specified in §600.113–08 of this chapter. Run each of these 

tests a minimum of three times without the off-cycle technology installed and 

operating and average the per phase (bag) results for each test procedure. Calculate 

the 5-cycle weighted city/highway combined carbon-related exhaust emissions from 

the averaged per phase results, where the 5-cycle city value is weighted 55% and the 

5-cycle highway value is weighted 45%. The resulting combined city/highway value 

is the baseline 5-cycle carbon-related exhaust emission value for the vehicle.

 

2.5.8.2.2 Testing with the off-cycle technology installed and/or operating. 

Determine carbon-related exhaust emissions over the US06, the SC03, and the cold 

temperature FTP test procedures according to the test procedure provisions specified
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-57

in 40 CFR part 600 subpart B and using the calculation procedures specified in 40 

CFR §600.113–08. Run each of these tests a minimum of three times with the offcycle technology installed and operating and average the per phase (bag) results for 

each test procedure. Calculate the 5-cycle weighted city/highway combined carbonrelated exhaust emissions from the averaged per phase results, where the 5-cycle city 

value is weighted 55% and the 5-cycle highway value is weighted 45%. Use the 

averaged per phase results for the FTP and HWFET determined in section E.2.5.8.2.1 

for operation without the off-cycle technology in this calculation. The resulting 

combined city/highway value is the 5-cycle carbon-related exhaust emission value 

showing the off-cycle benefit of the technology but excluding any benefit of the 

technology on the FTP and HWFET. 

 

2.5.8.2.3 Subtract the combined city/highway value determined in section 

E.2.5.8.2.1 from the value determined in section E.2.5.8.2.2. The result is the offcycle benefit of the technology or technologies being evaluated. If this benefit is 

greater than or equal to three percent of the value determined in section E.2.5.8.2.1 

then the manufacturer may use this value, rounded to the nearest tenth of a gram per 

mile, to determine credits under section E.2.5.8.3. 

 

2.5.8.2.4 If the value calculated in section E.2.5.8.2.3 is less than two 

percent of the value determined in section E.2.5.8.2.1, then the manufacturer must 

repeat the testing required under sections E.2.5.8.2.1 and E.2.5.8.2.2, except instead 

of running each test three times they shall run each test two additional times. The offcycle benefit of the technology or technologies being evaluated shall be calculated as 

in section E.2.5.8.2.3 using all the tests conducted under sections E.2.5.8.2.1, 

E.2.5.8.2.2, and E.2.5.8.2.4. If the value calculated in section E.2.5.8.2.3 is less than 

two percent of the value determined in section E.2.5.8.2.1, then the manufacturer 

must verify the emission reduction potential of the off-cycle technology or 

technologies using the EPA Vehicle Simulation Tool, and if the results support a 

credit value that is less than two percent of the value determined in section E.2.5.8.2.1 

then the manufacturer may use the off-cycle benefit of the technology or technologies 

calculated as in section E.2.5.8.2.3 using all the tests conducted under sections 

E.2.5.8.2.1, E.2.5.8.2.2, and E.2.5.8.2.4, rounded to the nearest tenth of a gram per 

mile, to determine credits under section E.2.5.8.3. 

2.5.8.3 Review and approval process for off-cycle credits. 

 

2.5.8.3.1 Initial steps required. 

 

a. A manufacturer requesting off-cycle credits under the provisions of 

section E.2.5.8.2 must conduct the testing and/or simulation described in that 

paragraph. 

 

b. A manufacturer requesting off-cycle credits under section E.2.5.8.2 

must conduct testing and/or prepare engineering analyses that demonstrate the inuse durability of the technology for the full useful life of the vehicle.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-58

 

2.5.8.3.2 Data and information requirements. The manufacturer seeking 

off-cycle credits must submit an application for off-cycle credits determined under 

section E.2.5.8.2. The application must contain the following: 

a. A detailed description of the off-cycle technology and how it functions 

to reduce CO2 emissions under conditions not represented on the FTP and 

HWFET.

b. A list of the vehicle model(s) which will be equipped with the 

technology. 

c. A detailed description of the test vehicles selected and an engineering 

analysis that supports the selection of those vehicles for testing. 

 

d. All testing and/or simulation data required under section 2.5.8.2, as 

applicable, plus any other data the manufacturer has considered in the analysis.

 

e. An estimate of the off-cycle benefit by vehicle model and the 

fleetwide benefit based on projected sales of vehicle models equipped with the 

technology. 

 

f. An engineering analysis and/or component durability testing data or 

whole vehicle testing data demonstrating the in-use durability of the off-cycle 

technology components.

 

2.5.8.3.3 Review of the off-cycle credit application. Upon receipt of an 

application from a manufacturer, the Executive Officer will do the following:

a. Review the application for completeness and notify the manufacturer 

within 30 days if additional information is required. 

b. Review the data and information provided in the application to 

determine if the application supports the level of credits estimated by the 

manufacturer.

2.5.8.3.4 Decision on off-cycle application. The Executive Officer will 

notify the manufacturer in writing of its decision to approve or deny the application 

within 60 days of receiving a complete application, and if denied, the Executive 

Officer will provide the reasons for the denial. 

2.5.8.4 Calculation of total off-cycle credits. Total off-cycle credits in grams 

per mile of CO2 (rounded to the nearest tenth of a gram per mile) shall be calculated 

separately for passenger cars and light-duty trucks plus medium-duty passenger vehicles 

according to the following formula:
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-59

Total Credits (g/mi) = Credit × Production

Where:

Credit = the credit value in grams per mile determined in section E.2.5.8.1 or 

section E.2.5.8.2.

Production = The total number of passenger cars or light-duty trucks plus 

medium-duty passenger vehicles, whichever is applicable, produced and delivered for 

sale in California, produced with the off-cycle technology to which to the credit value 

determined in section E.2.5.8.1 or section E.2.5.8.2 applies.

2.5.9 Credits for certain full-size pickup trucks. Full-size pickup trucks may be 

eligible for additional credits based on the implementation of hybrid technologies or on 

exhaust emission performance, as described in this section E.2.5.9. Credits may be generated 

under either section E.2.5.9.1 or section E.2.5.9.2 for a qualifying pickup truck, but not both.

2.5.9.1 Credits for implementation of gasoline-electric hybrid technology. 

Full-size pickup trucks that implement hybrid gasoline-electric technologies may be 

eligible for an additional credit under this section E.2.5.9.1. Pickup trucks using the 

credits under this section E.2.5.9.1 may not use the credits described in section E.2.5.9.2.

2.5.9.1.1 Full-size pickup trucks that are mild hybrid gasoline-electric 

vehicles and that are produced in the 2017 through 2021 model years are eligible for a 

credit of 10 grams/mile. To receive this credit, the manufacturer must produce a 

quantity of mild hybrid full-size pickup trucks such that the proportion of production 

of such vehicles, when compared to the manufacturer’s total production of full-size 

pickup trucks, is not less than the amount specified in the table below for each model 

year.

Model year Required minimum percent of 

full-size pickup trucks

2017 30%

2018 40%

2019 55%

2020 70%

2021 80%

2..5.9.1.2 Full-size pickup trucks that are strong hybrid gasoline-electric 

vehicles and that are produced in the 2017 through 2025 model years are eligible for a 

credit of 20 grams/mile. To receive this credit, the manufacturer must produce a 

quantity of strong hybrid full-size pickup trucks such that the proportion of 

production of such vehicles, when compared to the manufacturer’s total production of 

full-size pickup trucks, is not less than 10 percent for each model year.

2.5.9.2 Credits for emission reduction performance. Full-size pickup trucks 

that achieve carbon-related exhaust emission values below the applicable target value 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-60

determined in section E.2.5.9.2 may be eligible for an additional credit. Pickup trucks 

using the credits under this section E.2.5.9.2 may not use the credits described in section 

E.2.5.9.1.

2.5.9.2.1 Full-size pickup trucks that achieve carbon-related exhaust 

emissions less than or equal to the applicable target value determined in section 

E.2.5.1.2 multiplied by 0.85 (rounded to the nearest gram per mile) and greater than 

the applicable target value determined in section E.2.5.1.2 multiplied by 0.80 

(rounded to the nearest gram per mile) in a model year are eligible for a credit of 10 

grams/mile. A pickup truck that qualifies for this credit in a model year may claim 

this credit for subsequent model years through the 2021 model year if the carbonrelated exhaust emissions of that pickup truck do not increase relative to the 

emissions in the model year in which the pickup truck qualified for the credit. To 

qualify for this credit in each model year, the manufacturer must produce a quantity 

of full-size pickup trucks that meet the emission requirements of this section 

E.2.5.9.2.1 such that the proportion of production of such vehicles, when compared to 

the manufacturer’s total production of full-size pickup trucks, is not less than the 

amount specified in the table below for each model year.

Model year

Required minimum 

percent of full-size 

pickup trucks

2017 15%

2018 20%

2019 28%

2020 35%

2021 40%

2.5.9.2.2 Full-size pickup trucks that achieve carbon-related exhaust 

emissions less than or equal to the applicable target value determined in section 

E.2.5.1.2 multiplied by 0.80 (rounded to the nearest gram per mile) in a model year 

are eligible for a credit of 20 grams/mile. A pickup truck that qualifies for this credit 

in a model year may claim this credit for a maximum of five subsequent model years 

if the carbon-related exhaust emissions of that pickup truck do not increase relative to 

the emissions in the model year in which the pickup truck first qualified for the credit. 

This credit may not be claimed in any model year after 2025. To qualify for this 

credit, the manufacturer must produce a quantity of full-size pickup trucks that meet 

the emission requirements of section E.2.5.9.2.1 such that the proportion of 

production of such vehicles, when compared to the manufacturer’s total production of 

full-size pickup trucks, is not less than 10 percent in each model year.

 

2.5.9.3 Calculation of total full-size pickup truck credits. Total credits in 

grams per mile of CO2 (rounded to the nearest whole gram per mile) shall be calculated 

for qualifying full-size pickup trucks according to the following formula:

Total Credits (g/mi) = (10 x Production 10) + (20 x Production20)
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-61

Where:

Production10 = The total number of full-size pickup trucks produced and 

delivered for sale in California with a credit value of 10 grams per mile from section 

E.2.5.9.1 and section E.2.5.9.2.

Production20 = The total number of full-size pickup trucks produced and 

delivered for sale in California with a credit value of 20 grams per mile from section 

E.2.5.9.1 and section E.2.5.9.2.

3. Calculation of Credits/Debits

3.1 Calculation of NMOG+NOx Credits/Debits

3.1.1 Calculation of NMOG+NOx Credits and Debits for Passenger Cars,

Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. 

3.1.1.1 In 2015 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer shall calculate its 

credits or debits using the following equation.

[(Fleet Average NMOG+NOx Requirement) - (Manufacturer's Fleet Average 

NMOG+NOx Value)] x 

(Total No. of Vehicles Produced and Delivered for Sale in California, Including 

ZEVs and HEVs).

3.1.1.2 In 2015 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer that achieves 

fleet average NMOG+NOx values lower than the fleet average NMOG+NOx 

requirement for the corresponding model year shall receive credits in units of g/mi 

NMOG+NOx . A manufacturer with 2015 and subsequent model year fleet average 

NMOG+NOx values greater than the fleet average requirement for the corresponding 

model year shall receive debits in units of g/mi NMOG+NOx equal to the amount of 

negative credits determined by the aforementioned equation. The total g/mi 

NMOG+NOx credits or debits earned for PCs and LDTs 0 3750 lbs. LVW, for LDTs 

3751-5750 lbs. LVW and for LDTs 3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. GVWR shall be summed 

together. The resulting amount shall constitute the g/mi NMOG+NOx credits or debits 

accrued by the manufacturer for the model year.

3.1.2 Calculation of Vehicle-Equivalent NMOG+NOx Credits for MediumDuty Vehicles Other than MDPVs. 

3.1.2.1 In 2016 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer that produces and 

delivers for sale in California MDVs, other than MDPVs, in excess of the equivalent 

requirements for LEV III vehicles certified to the exhaust emission standards set forth in 

section E.1 of these test procedures shall receive “Vehicle-Equivalent Credits” (or 

“VECs”) calculated in accordance with the following equation, where the term 

“produced” means produced and delivered for sale in California:
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-62

(1.00) x {[(No. of LEV395s and LEV630s Produced excluding HEVs) + 

(No. of LEV395 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for LEV395s) +

(No. of LEV630 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for LEV630s)] –

(No. of LEV395s and LEV630s Required to be Produced)} + 

(1.14) x {[(No. of ULEV340s and ULEV570s Produced excluding HEVs) + 

(No. of ULEV340 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV340s) +

(No. of ULEV570 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV570s)] –

(No. of ULEV340s and ULEV570s Required to be Produced)} + 

(1.37) x {[(No. of ULEV250s and ULEV400s Produced excluding HEVs) + 

(No. of ULEV250 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV250s) +

(No. of ULEV400 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV400s)] -

(No. of ULEV250s and ULEV400s Required to be Produced)} + 

(1.49) x {[(No. of ULEV200s and ULEV270s Produced excluding HEVs) + 

(No. of ULEV200 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV200s) + 

(No. of ULEV270 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV270s)] -

(No. of ULEV200s and ULEV270s Required to be Produced)} + 

(1.57) x {[(No. of SULEV170s and SULEV230s Produced excluding HEVs) +

(No. of SULEV170 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for SULEV170s) + 

(No. of SULEV230 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for SULEV230s)] -

(No. of SULEV170s and SULEV230s Required to be Produced)} + 

(1.62) x {[(No. of SULEV150s and SULEV200s Produced excluding HEVs) +

(No. of SULEV150 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for SULEV150s) + 

(No. of SULEV200 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for SULEV200s)] -

(No. of SULEV150s and SULEV200s Required to be Produced)} + 

[(2.00) x (No. of ZEVs Certified and Produced as MDVs)].

3.1.2.2 The MDV HEV VEC factor is calculated as follows: 

For LEV395s: 1+�

(LEV395 standard−ULEV340 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

LEV395 standard �;

For ULEV340s: 1+�

(ULEV340 standard−ULEV250 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV340 standard �;

For ULEV250s: 1+�

(ULEV250 standard−ULEV200 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV250 standard �;

 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-63

For ULEV200s: 1+�

(ULEV200 standard−SULEV170 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV3200 standard �;

For SULEV170s: 1+�

(SULEV170 standard−SULEV150 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

SULEV170 standard �;

 

For SULEV150s: 1+�

(SULEV150 standard−ZEV standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

SULEV150 standard �;

For LEV630s: 1+�

(LEV630 standard−ULEV570 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

LEV630 standard �;

For ULEV570s: 1+�

(ULEV570 standard−ULEV400 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV570 standard �;

For ULEV400s: 1+�

(ULEV400 standard−ULEV270 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV400 standard �;

For ULEV270s: 1+�

(ULEV270 standard−SULEV230 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV270 standard �;

 

For SULEV230s: 1+�

(SULEV230 standard−SULEV200 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

SULEV230 standard � 

For SULEV200s: 1+�

(SULEV200 standard−ZEV standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

SULEV200 standard �

where “Zero-emission VMT Allowance” for an HEV is determined in accordance with 

section C of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 

through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” or the “California 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model ZeroEmission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck 

and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” applicable, except that for the purposes of this 

section E.3.1.2.2, the maximum allowable Zero-emission VMT Allowance that may be 

used in these equations is 1.0.

3.1.2.3 A manufacturer that fails to produce and deliver for sale in California 

the equivalent quantity of MDVs certified to LEV III exhaust emission standards, shall 

receive “Vehicle-Equivalent Debits” (or “VEDs”) equal to the amount of negative VECs 

determined by the aforementioned equation.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-64

3.1.2.4 Only ZEVs certified as MDVs and not used to meet the ZEV 

requirement shall be included in the calculation of VECs.

3.1.2.5 For a manufacturer that elects to certify engines to the optional 

medium-duty engine standards in title 13, CCR §1956.8(c) or (h), all such engines used 

in MDVs, including those produced by a small volume manufacturer, shall be subject to 

the emissions averaging provisions applicable to heavy-duty diesel or Otto-cycle engines 

as set forth in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 

and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines,” or the “California Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty 

Diesel Engines, incorporated by reference in title 13, CCR, §1956.8(b) or (d), as 

applicable. 

3.1.3 Procedure for Offsetting NMOG+NOx Debits.

3.1.3.1 A manufacturer shall equalize emission debits by earning g/mi 

NMOG+NOx emission credits or VECs in an amount equal to the g/mi NMOG+NOx

debits or VEDs, or by submitting a commensurate amount of g/mi NMOG+NOx credits 

or VECs to the Executive Officer that were earned previously or acquired from another 

manufacturer. A manufacturer shall equalize NMOG+NOx debits for PCs, LDTs, and 

MDPVs and VEC debits for MDVs within three model years. If emission debits are not 

equalized within the specified time period, the manufacturer shall be subject to the Health 

and Safety Code §43211 civil penalty applicable to a manufacturer which sells a new 

motor vehicle that does not meet the applicable emission standards adopted by the state 

board. The cause of action shall be deemed to accrue when the emission debits are not 

equalized by the end of the specified time period. A manufacturer demonstrating 

compliance under Option 2 in section E.2.1.1.1.a, must calculate the emission debits that 

are subject to a civil penalty under Health and Safety Code section 43211 separately for 

California, the District of Columbia, and for each individual state that is included in the 

fleet average greenhouse gas requirements in section E.2.1.1.1.a. The manufacturer must 

calculate these emission debits separately for California, the District of Columbia, and 

each individual state using the formula in sections E.3.1.1 and E.3.1.2, except that the 

“Total No. of Vehicles Produced and Delivered for Sale in California, Including ZEVs 

and HEVs” shall be calculated separately for the District of Columbia and each 

individual state. 

For the purposes of Health and Safety Code §43211, the number of passenger cars, lightduty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles not meeting the state board's emission 

standards shall be determined by dividing the total amount of g/mi NMOG+NOx

emission debits for the model year by the g/mi NMOG+NOx fleet average requirement 

for PCs and LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW and for LDTs 3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. GVW and 

MDPVs applicable for the model year in which the debits were first incurred; and the 

number of medium-duty vehicles not meeting the state board's emission standards shall 

be equal to the amount of VEDs incurred.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-65

3.1.3.2 The emission credits earned in any given model year shall retain full 

value through five subsequent model years. Credits will have no value if not used by the 

beginning of the sixth model year after being earned.

3.1.4 Changing NMOG Credits and Debits to NMOG+NOx Credits and 

Debits. The value of any emission credits that have not been used prior to the start of the 

2015 model year and any emission debits that have not been equalized prior to the start of the 

2015 model year earned shall be converted to NMOG+NOx credits at the start of the 2015 

model year by multiplying their values by a factor of 3.0. These credits and debits are 

subject to the provisions in subsection 1961(c)(3), title 13, CCR.

3.2 Calculation of Greenhouse Gas Credits/Debits. 

Credits and debits that are earned as part of the 2012 through 2016 MY National 

greenhouse gas program shall not be applicable to California’s greenhouse gas program.

3.2.1 Calculation of Greenhouse Gas Credits for Passenger Cars, LightDuty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. 

3.2.1.1 A manufacturer that achieves fleet average CO2 values lower than the 

fleet average CO2 requirement for the corresponding model year shall receive credits for 

each model year in units of g/mi. A manufacturer that achieves fleet average CO2 values 

higher than the fleet average CO2 requirement for the corresponding model year shall 

receive debits for each model year in units of g/mi. Manufacturers must calculate 

greenhouse gas credits and greenhouse gas debits separately for passenger cars and for 

combined light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles as follows:

CO2 Credits or Debits = (CO2 Standard - Manufacturer’s Fleet Average CO2

Value) × (Total No. of Vehicles Produced and Delivered for Sale in California, Including 

ZEVs and HEVs).

Where:

CO2 Standard = the applicable standard for the model year as determined in section 

E.2.5.1.3;

Manufacturer’s Fleet Average CO2 Value = average calculated according to section 

E.2.5.5;

3.2.1.2 A manufacturer’s total Greenhouse Gas credits or debits generated in a 

model year shall be the sum of its CO2 credits or debits and any of the following credits, 

if applicable. The manufacturer shall calculate, maintain, and report Greenhouse Gas 

credits or debits separately for its passenger car fleet and for its light-duty truck plus 

medium-duty passenger vehicle fleet. 

3.2.1.2.1 Air conditioning leakage credits earned according to the provisions 

of section E.2.5.6;
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-66

3.2.1.2.2 Air conditioning efficiency credits earned according to the 

provisions of section E.2.5.7; 

3.2.1.2.3 Off-cycle technology credits earned according to the provisions of 

section E.2.5.8. 

 

3.2.1.2.4 CO2-equivalent debits earned according to the provisions of 

section E.2.5.2.4. 

3.2.2 A manufacturer with 2017 and subsequent model year fleet average 

Greenhouse Gas values greater than the fleet average CO2 standard applicable for the 

corresponding model year shall receive debits in units of g/mi Greenhouse Gas equal to the 

amount of negative credits determined by the aforementioned equation. For the 2017 and 

subsequent model years, the total g/mi Greenhouse Gas credits or debits earned for passenger 

cars and for light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles shall be summed together. 

The resulting amount shall constitute the g/mi Greenhouse Gas credits or debits accrued by 

the manufacturer for the model year.

3.2.3 Procedure for Offsetting Greenhouse Gas Debits.

3.2.3.1 A manufacturer shall equalize Greenhouse Gas emission debits by 

earning g/mi Greenhouse Gas emission credits in an amount equal to the g/mi 

Greenhouse Gas debits, or by submitting a commensurate amount of g/mi Greenhouse 

Gas credits to the Executive Officer that were earned previously or acquired from another 

manufacturer. A manufacturer shall equalize Greenhouse Gas debits for passenger cars, 

light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles within five model years after they 

are earned. If emission debits are not equalized within the specified time period, the 

manufacturer shall be subject to the Health and Safety Code section 43211 civil penalty 

applicable to a manufacturer which sells a new motor vehicle that does not meet the 

applicable emission standards adopted by the state board. The cause of action shall be 

deemed to accrue when the emission debits are not equalized by the end of the specified 

time period. For a manufacturer demonstrating compliance under Option 2 in section 

E.2.5.5.4, the emission debits that are subject to a civil penalty under Health and Safety 

Code section 43211 shall be calculated separately for California, the District of 

Columbia, and each individual state that is included in the fleet average greenhouse gas 

requirements in section E.2.5.1. These emission debits shall be calculated for each 

individual state using the formula in sections E.3.2.1 and E.3.2.2, except that the “Total 

No. of Vehicles Produced and Delivered for Sale in California, including ZEVs and 

HEVs” shall be calculated separately for the District of Columbia and each individual 

state. 

For the purposes of Health and Safety Code section 43211, the number of passenger cars 

not meeting the state board’s emission standards shall be determined by dividing the total 

amount of g/mi Greenhouse Gas emission debits for the model year calculated for 

California by the g/mi Greenhouse Gas fleet average requirement for passenger car 

applicable for the model year in which the debits were first incurred. For the purposes of
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-67

Health and Safety Code section 43211, the number of light-duty trucks and medium-duty 

passenger vehicles not meeting the state board’s emission standards shall be determined 

by dividing the total amount of g/mi Greenhouse Gas emission debits for the model year 

calculated for California by the g/mi Greenhouse Gas fleet average requirement for lightduty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles, applicable for the model year in which 

the debits were first incurred.

3.2.3.2 Greenhouse Gas emission credits earned in the 2017 and subsequent 

model years shall retain full value through the fifth model year after they are earned, and 

will have no value if not used by the beginning of the sixth model year after being earned.

3.2.4 Use of Greenhouse Gas Emission Credits to Offset a Manufacturer’s ZEV 

Obligations.

3.2.4.1 For a given model year, a manufacturer that has Greenhouse Gas 

credits remaining after equalizing all of its Greenhouse Gas debits may use those 

Greenhouse Gas credits to comply with its ZEV obligations for that model year, in 

accordance with the provisions set forth in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle 

Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 1962.1, title 13, CCR, or the “California 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model ZeroEmission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck 

and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 1962.2, title 13, 

CCR.

3.2.4.2 Any Greenhouse Gas credits used by a manufacturer to comply with 

its ZEV obligations shall retain no value for the purposes of complying with these test 

procedures.

3.2.5 Credits and debits that are earned as part of the 2012 through 2016 MY 

National Greenhouse Gas Program, shall have no value for the purpose of complying with 

these test procedures.

4. LEV III Criteria Pollutant Interim In-Use Compliance Standards.

The following interim in-use compliance standards shall apply for the first two model 

years that a test group is certified to the LEV III standards. 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-68

4.1 LEV III NMOG+NOx Interim In-Use Compliance Standards.

4.1.1 NMOG+NOx Interim In-Use Compliance Standards for Passenger Cars, 

Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. For the 2015 through 2019 

model years, these standards shall apply.

Emission 

Category

Durability 

Vehicle 

Basis

(miles)

LEV III PCs, 

LDTs, and 

MDPVs

NMOG + NOx

(g/mi)

LEV160 150,000 n/a

ULEV125 150,000 n/a

ULEV70 150,000 0.098

ULEV50 150,000 0.070

SULEV30 150,000 0.0421

SULEV20 150,000 0.0281

 1not applicable to test groups that receive PZEV credits

4.1.2 NMOG+NOx Interim In-Use Compliance Standards for Medium-Duty 

Vehicles, Excluding Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. For the 2015 through 2020 model 

years, these standards shall apply.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-69

Emission 

Category

Durability 

Vehicle 

Basis

(miles)

LEV III MDVs

(excluding MDPVs)

8,501 - 10,000 lbs. 

GVW

LEV III MDVs

10,001 - 14,000 lbs. 

GVW

NMOG + NOx

(g/mi)

NMOG + NOx

(g/mi)

LEV395 150,000 n/a n/a

ULEV340 150,000 n/a n/a

ULEV250 150,000 0.370 n/a

ULEV200 150,000 0.300 n/a

SULEV170 150,000 0.250 n/a

SULEV150 150,000 0.220 n/a

LEV630 150,000 n/a n/a

ULEV570 150,000 n/a n/a

ULEV400 150,000 n/a 0.600

ULEV270 150,000 n/a 0.400

SULEV230 150,000 n/a 0.340

SULEV200 150,000 n/a 0.300

 

4.2 LEV III Particulate Interim In-Use Compliance Standards.

4.2.1 LEV III Particulate Interim In-Use Compliance Standards for Passenger 

Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. For the 2017 through 

2021 model years, the interim in-use compliance standard for vehicles certifying to the 3 

mg/mi particulate standard is 6 mg/mi. For the 2025 through 2028 model years, the interim 

in-use compliance standard for vehicles certifying to the 1 mg/mi particulate standard is 2 

mg/mi.

4.2.2 LEV III Particulate Interim In-Use Compliance Standards for MediumDuty Vehicles, excluding Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. For the 2017 through 2021

model years, the interim in-use compliance standard for vehicles certifying to the 8 mg/mi 

particulate standard is 16 mg/mi and the interim in-use compliance standard for vehicles 

certifying to the 10 mg/mi particulate standard is 20 mg/mi.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E-70

4.3 SFTP Interim In-Use Compliance Emission Standards. 

4.3.1 Test groups certified prior to the 2020 model year may use an in-use 

compliance standard for NMOG+NOx for the first two model years that they are certified to 

new standards. 

(a) For light-duty vehicle test groups and medium-duty passenger vehicle test 

groups certifying to the standards in section E.1.2.2.1.1, in-use compliance emission 

standards for NMOG+NOx shall be 1.4 times the applicable certification standard.

(b) For light-duty vehicle test groups and medium-duty passenger vehicle test 

groups certifying to the standards in section E.1.2.2.1.2, in-use compliance emission 

standards for NMOG+NOx shall be 1.4 times the Composite Value of the bin to which a 

test group is certified.

(c) For medium-duty vehicle tests groups certifying to the standards in section 

E.1.2.2.3, in-use compliance emission standards for NMOG+NOx shall be 1.4 times the 

applicable certification standard. 

4.3.2 Test groups certified prior to the 2021 model year will be allowed an inuse compliance standard for PM for the first five model years that they are certified to the 

SFTP PM standard. 

(a) For light-duty vehicle test groups and medium-duty passenger vehicle test 

groups certifying to SFTP PM exhaust emission standards in section E.1.2.2.2, in-use 

compliance emission standards for PM shall be 5.0 mg/mi higher than the applicable 

certification standard.

(b) For medium-duty vehicle test groups certifying to SFTP PM Exhaust 

Emission Standards in section E.1.2.2.4, in-use compliance emission standards for PM 

shall be 5.0 mg/mi higher than the applicable certification standard.

5. LEV III Greenhouse Gas In-Use Compliance Standards.

The in-use exhaust CO2 emission standard shall be the combined city/highway exhaust 

emission value calculated according to the provisions of section E.2.5.5.1 for the vehicle model 

type and footprint value multiplied by 1.1 and rounded to the nearest whole gram per mile. For 

vehicles that are capable of operating on multiple fuels, a separate value shall be determined for 

each fuel that the vehicle is capable of operating on. These standards apply to in-use testing 

performed by the manufacturer pursuant to the regulations at §86.1845-04 and §86.1846-01 and 

to in-use testing performed by the Air Resources Board.

6. Severability. Each provision of these standards and test procedures is severable, and in 

the event that any provision of these standards and test procedures is held to be invalid, the 

remainder of the standards and test procedures remains in full force and effect.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

F-1

F. Requirements and Procedures for Durability Demonstration

1. §86.1820 Durability group determination. 

1.1 §86.1820-01. [No change.] 

2. §86.1821 Evaporative/refueling emission family determination. 

[Delete. (The provisions of this section are set forth in the “California Evaporative 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, LightDuty Trucks, Medium-Duty Vehicles, Heavy-Duty Vehicles and Motorcycles,” and “California 

Refueling Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor 

Vehicles.”)] 

3. §86.1822 Durability data vehicle selection. [No change.]

4. §86.1823 Durability demonstration procedures for exhaust emissions.

4.1 §86.1823-01. February 26, 2007. 

4.2 §86.1823-08. [Insert Federal Register for the 2017 and subsequent MY National 

Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75371 (December 1, 2011)]. 

[No change, except that subparagraph (m) applies only to vehicles certifying to the 2012 through 

2016 MY National greenhouse gas program.] 

4.3 SFTP. These procedures are not applicable to vehicles certified to the SFTP 

standards set forth in section E.1.2.2. 

4.4 HEVs. A manufacturer shall consider expected customer usage as well as 

emissions deterioration when developing its durability demonstration for HEVs. 

5. §86.1824 Durability demonstration procedures for evaporative emissions. 

[Delete. (The provisions of this section are set forth in the “California Evaporative 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, LightDuty Trucks, Medium-Duty Vehicles, Heavy-Duty Vehicles and Motorcycles.”)] 

6. §86.1825 Durability demonstration procedures for refueling emissions. 

[Delete. (The provisions of this section are set forth in the “California Refueling 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles.”)] 

7. §86.1826 Assigned Deterioration Factors for Small Volume Manufacturers and 

Small Volume Test Groups. 

7.1 §86.1826-01. January 17, 2006. [No change.] 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

G-1

G. Procedures for Demonstration of Compliance with Emission Standards 

1. §86.1827 Test Group Determination.

1.1 §86.1827-01. May 7, 2010. [No change, except that for the 2012 through 2016 

MYs, subparagraphs (a)(5) and (f) shall only apply to vehicles certifying to the 2012 through 

2016 MY National greenhouse gas program.]

2. §86.1828 Emission data vehicle selection

2.1 §86.1828-10. February 26, 2007. Amend as follows:

2.1.1 Add the following sentence to (a): Incomplete medium-duty Otto-cycle 

and diesel vehicles 8,501-10,000 lbs. GVW certifying to LEV III standards shall be tested in 

a configuration that represents the maximum curb weight, frontal area, and gross vehicle 

weight rating affecting the emission certification applicable to that vehicle. 

2.2 50o

F Requirements.

2.2.1 Vehicle Selection. A manufacturer shall select at least three emission data 

and/or engineering development vehicles each year from PC or LDT test groups and at least 

three emission data and/or engineering development vehicles from MDV test groups. 

2.2.2 The same test group shall not be selected in the succeeding two years 

unless the manufacturer produces fewer than three test groups. If the manufacturer produces 

more than three LEV, LEV630, LEV395, LEV160, ULEV, ULEV570, ULEV400, 

ULEV340, ULEV270, ULEV250, ULEV200, ULEV125, ULEV70, ULEV50, SULEV, 

SULEV230, SULEV200, SULEV170, SULEV150, SULEV30, or SULEV20 test groups per 

model year, the Executive Officer may request 50oF testing of specific test groups. If the 

manufacturer provides a list of the LEV, LEV630, LEV395, LEV160, ULEV, ULEV570, 

ULEV400, ULEV340, ULEV270, ULEV250, ULEV200, ULEV125, ULEV70, ULEV50, 

SULEV, SULEV230, SULEV200, SULEV170, SULEV150, SULEV30, or SULEV20 test 

groups that it will certify for a model year and provides a description of the technologies used 

on each test group (including the information in section G.2.3.1), the Executive Officer shall 

select the test groups subject to 50o

F testing within a 30 day period after receiving such a list 

and description. The Executive Officer may revise the test groups selected after the 30 day 

period if the information provided by the manufacturer does not accurately reflect the test 

groups actually certified by the manufacturer.

3. §86.1829 Durability data and emission data testing requirements; waivers.

3.1 §86.1829-01. May 7, 2010. Amend as follows:

3.1.1 Delete (b)(1)(ii) and replace with: For Otto-cycle vehicles or hybrid 

vehicles that use Otto-cycle engines, evidence shall be supplied showing that the air/fuel 

metering system or secondary air injection system is capable of providing sufficient oxygen 

to theoretically allow enough oxidation to attain the CO emission standards at barometric 

pressures equivalent to those expected at altitudes ranging from sea level to an elevation of 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

G-2

6000 feet. For fuel injected vehicles or hybrid electric vehicles that use fuel-injected engines, 

compliance may be demonstrated upon a showing by the manufacturer that the fuel injection 

system distributes fuel based on mass air flow, rather than volume flow, and is therefore selfcompensating. All submitted test proposals will be evaluated on their acceptability by the 

Executive Officer. As an alternative to the demonstration described above, a manufacturer 

may demonstrate compliance by testing California vehicle configurations as part of its 

federal high altitude certification requirements. Engine families that meet all the applicable 

California low altitude emission standards when tested at the EPA test elevation are deemed 

to be in compliance. The SFTP standards do not apply to testing at high altitude.

3.1.2 (b)(1)(iii)(E) [No change, except that references to Tier 2 or interim nonTier 2 vehicles shall mean California LEV II and LEV III vehicles.]

3.1.3 (b)(1)(iii)(G) [n/a]

3.1.4 Amend (b)(4)(i) as follows: All 2015 and subsequent model-year 

emission-data vehicles shall be required to be tail-pipe tested at 4,000 miles or at the mileage 

at which the vehicle is stabilized as determined in §86.1827-01 and demonstrate compliance 

with the California Inspection and Maintenance (“I/M”) emission standards as specified in 

the “Mandatory Exhaust Emissions Inspection Standards and Test Procedures,” title 16, 

California Code of Regulations, Section 3340.42. A manufacturer shall have the option of 

using the I/M test procedures in place at the time of certification or, if the I/M test procedures 

have been amended within two years of the time of certification, a manufacturer may use the 

preceding procedures. Test vehicles shall undergo preconditioning procedures prior to the 

tail-pipe test, which consist of idle conditions for a minimum period of ten minutes after the 

thermostat is open. Preconditioning and test procedures shall be conducted at an ambient 

temperature from 68o to 86o F. The manufacturer shall, in accordance with good engineering 

practices, attest that such test vehicles will meet the requirements of this section when 

preconditioned and tested at ambient temperatures from 35o to 68o F. 

3.1.5 Amend (b)(4)(ii) as follows: In lieu of testing vehicles according to the 

provisions of §86.1829(b)(4)(i), a manufacturer may provide a statement in its application for 

certification that, based on the manufacturer's engineering evaluation of such I/M testing as 

the manufacturer deems appropriate, all passenger cars and light-duty trucks comply with the 

I/M emission standards.

3.1.6 Delete (b)(5). Idle CO Testing.

3.2 50o

F Requirements.

A manufacturer shall demonstrate compliance with the 50oF requirement each year by 

testing at least three PC or LDT and three MDV emission data and/or engineering development 

vehicles (with at least 4000 miles) as determined under the provisions of section G.2.3 of these 

test procedures. It is not necessary to apply deterioration factors (DFs) to the 50oF test results to 

comply with this requirement.

3.3 Highway Fuel Economy Test.

The exhaust emissions, including non-methane organic gas emissions, shall be measured 

from all exhaust emission data vehicles tested in accordance with the federal Highway Fuel 

Economy Test (HWFET; 40 CFR Part 600, Subpart B). The oxides of nitrogen emissions 

measured during such tests shall be multiplied by the oxides of nitrogen deterioration factor 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

G-3

computed in accordance with 40 CFR §86.1823 and added to the non-methane organic gas 

emissions. This sum shall be rounded and compared with the NMOG+NOx certification level,

as required in section E.1.6. All data obtained pursuant to this paragraph shall be reported in 

accordance with procedures applicable to other exhaust emissions data required pursuant to these 

procedures. In the event that one or more of the manufacturer's emission data vehicles fail the 

HWFET standard listed in section E of these test procedures, the manufacturer may submit to the 

Executive Officer engineering data or other evidence showing that the system is capable of 

complying with the standard. If the Executive Officer finds, on the basis of an engineering 

evaluation, that the system can comply with the HWFET standard, he or she may accept the 

information supplied by the manufacturer in lieu of vehicle test data.

3.4 SC03 Test.

Except for medium-duty passenger vehicles, in lieu of testing a medium-duty vehicle for 

SC03 emissions for certification, the manufacturer may submit to the Executive Officer 

engineering data or other evidence showing that the system is capable of complying with the 

standard. If the Executive Officer finds, on the basis of an engineering evaluation, that the 

system can comply with the SC03 standard, he or she may accept the information supplied by the 

manufacturer in lieu of vehicle test data. In that event, the manufacturer shall use FTP results in 

lieu of SC03 results when calculating compliance with the composite emission standards.

3.5 LEV III PM Testing Requirements.

For the 2017 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer must submit test data for test 

groups certifying to the LEV III PM standards in section E.1.1.2.1 according to the following 

table. Once a test group has been used to meet the requirements of this section G.3.5 for a model 

year, that same test group shall not be selected in the succeeding two model years unless the 

manufacturer produces fewer than four test groups that are certified to LEV III PM standards. 

For all test groups that are certified to LEV III PM standards for which test data is not submitted, 

the manufacturer must, in accordance with good engineering practices, attest that such test 

groups will comply with the applicable LEV III PM standards.

Number of Test Groups 

Certified to LEV III PM 

Standards

Number of Test Groups That 

Must Be Tested to Demonstrate 

Compliance with LEV III PM 

Standards

1 or 2 All test groups certifying to 

LEV III PM standards

3 2

4 or more 25% of test groups certifying to 

LEV III PM standards

4. §86.1830 Acceptance of Vehicles for Testing.

4.1 §86.1830-01. January 17, 2006. [No change.]
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

G-4

5. §86.1831 Mileage accumulation requirements for test vehicles.

5.1 §86.1831-01. January 17, 2006. [No change.]

6. §86.1832-01 Optional equipment and air conditioning. [No change.]

7. §86.1833-01 Adjustable parameters. [No change.]

8. §86.1834 Allowable maintenance. 

8.1 §86.1834-01. July 13, 2005. [No change except that the first allowable 

maintenance interval under subparagraphs (b)(3)(v) and (b)(4)(ii) shall be at the full useful life of 

the vehicle.]

8.2 HEVs.

The manufacturer shall equip the vehicle with a maintenance indicator consisting 

of a light that shall activate automatically by illuminating the first time the minimum 

performance level is observed for all battery system components. Possible battery system 

components requiring monitoring are: (i) battery water level; (ii) temperature control; (iii) 

pressure control; and (iv) other parameters critical for determining battery condition.

9. §86.1835 Confirmatory certification testing.

9.1 §86.1835-01. May 7, 2010. [No change.]

10. §86.1836-01 Manufacturer-supplied production vehicles for testing. [Delete.]

11. §86.1837 Rounding of emission measurements.

11.1 §86.1837-01. February 10, 2000. [No change.]

11.2 Fleet average NMOG value calculations shall be rounded, in accordance with 

ASTM E29-67, to four significant figures before comparing with fleet average NMOG 

requirements.

12. §86.1838 Small volume manufacturers certification procedures.

12.1 §86.1838-01. January 17, 2006. [No change, except that the reference to 15,000 

units shall mean 4,500 units in California and the reference to 14,999 units shall mean 4,499 

units in California.]

 

13. §86.1839 Carryover of certification data.

13.1 §86.1839-01. January 17, 2006. [No change.]

14. §86.1840 Special test procedures.

14.1 §86.1840-01. August 30, 2006. [No change.]
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

H-1

H. Certification, Information and Reporting Requirements.

1. §86.1841 Compliance with emission standards for the purpose of certification

1.1 §86.1841-01. July 6, 2011. [No Change.]

1.2 Scope of Certification. Certification, if granted, is effective only for the 

vehicle/test group described in the original manufacturer's certification application. 

Modifications by a secondary manufacturer to vehicles/engines shall be deemed not to increase 

emissions above the standards under which those vehicles/engines were certified and to be 

within the original certification if such modifications do not: (1) increase vehicle weight more 

than 10 percent above the curb weight, increase frontal area more than 10 percent, or result in a 

combination increase of weight plus frontal area of more than 14 percent; or (2) include changes 

in axle ratio, tire size, or tire type resulting in changes in the drive train ratio of more than 

5 percent; or (3) include any modification to the emission control system. No originally certified 

vehicle/engine which is modified by a secondary manufacturer in a manner described in items 

(1) through (3) of the preceding sentence may be sold to an ultimate purchaser, offered or 

delivered for sale to an ultimate purchaser, or registered in California unless the modified 

vehicle/engine is certified by the state board in accordance with applicable test procedures to 

meet emission standards for the model year for which the vehicle/engine was originally certified. 

For the purposes of this section, “secondary manufacturer” means any person, other than the 

original manufacturer, who modifies a new motor vehicle prior to sale to the ultimate purchaser.

1.3 SFTP. For vehicles certified to the SFTP standards in section E.1.2, full useful 

life shall mean 15 years or 150,000 miles, whichever occurs first.

1.4 Certification of a Federal Vehicle in California. Whenever a manufacturer 

federally-certifies a 2015 or subsequent model-year passenger car, light-duty truck or mediumduty vehicle model to the standards for a particular emissions bin that are more stringent than the 

standards for an applicable California vehicle emissions category, the equivalent California 

model may only be certified to (i) the California standards for a vehicle emissions category that 

are at least as stringent as the standards for the corresponding federal emissions bin, or (ii) the 

exhaust emission standards to which the federal model is certified. However, where the federal 

exhaust emission standards for the particular emissions bin and the California standards for a 

vehicle emissions category are equally stringent, the California model may only be certified to 

either the California standards for that vehicle emissions category or more stringent California 

standards. The federal emission bins are those contained Tables S04-1 and S04-2 of 40 CFR 

section 86.1811-04(c) as adopted February 10, 2000. A California vehicle model is to be treated 

as equivalent to a federal vehicle model if all of the following characteristics are identical:

(a) Vehicle make and model;

(b) Cylinder block configuration (e.g., L-6, V-8);

(c) Displacement;

(d) Combustion cycle; 

(e) Transmission class;

(f) Aspiration method (e.g., naturally aspirated, turbocharged); and

(g) Fuel (e.g., gasoline, natural gas, methanol).

The comparative stringency of the standards for the federal exhaust emissions bin and for the 

California vehicle emissions category shall be based on a comparison of the sum of the 150,000 

mile federal standards to the LEV III NMOG+NOx standards or the sum of the 120,000 mile 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

H-2

federal standards to the sum of the 120,000 mile LEV II NMOG and NOx standards, as 

applicable.

1.4.1 If a federally-certified vehicle model is certified in California in 

accordance with subparagraph 1.4, the model shall be subject to the federal requirements for 

FTP exhaust emissions and cold CO emissions. The vehicle model shall be subject to all 

other California requirements including evaporative emissions, OBD II, SFTP emissions,

50oF exhaust emissions, highway NMOG+NOx emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, and 

emissions warranty.

1.4.2 Prior to certification of a 2015 or subsequent model-year vehicle, a 

manufacturer must submit information sufficient to enable the Executive Officer to 

determine whether there is a federally-certified vehicle model for that model year that is 

equivalent to the California vehicle model based on the criteria listed in subparagraph 1.5.

1.4.3 If the Executive Officer determines that there is a federally-certified 

vehicle model for that model year that is equivalent to the California vehicle model, the 

following information shall be submitted with the Part I or Part II Application for 

Certification as set forth below:

(a) Part I Application for Certification: (i) Evidence of federal certification 

including, but not limited to, federal certification FTP exhaust emission levels and cold 

CO emission levels; and (ii) evidence of compliance with California evaporative and 

SFTP emission requirements, California 50o

F exhaust emissions, California OBD II 

requirements, California highway NMOG+NOx emissions, and California greenhouse 

gas requirements.

(b) Part II Application for Certification: evidence of a warranty on emissionrelated parts in accordance with sections 2035 et seq., title 13 CCR as they apply to 

vehicles certified under the primary California standard.

1.4.4 For purposes of meeting the California NMOG+NOx fleet average phasein requirements or for determining vehicle equivalent credits, the applicable California 

NMOG+NOx value for passenger cars and light-duty trucks or vehicle equivalent credits for 

medium-duty vehicles shall be the sum of the federal full useful life (150,000 miles or 

120,000 miles, as applicable) NMOG and NOx values.

1.4.5 The vehicle shall be subject to the federal in-use requirements and the 

emission standard applicable for in-use compliance purposes shall be the federal standard to 

which the vehicle was federally-certified.

1.4.6 The tune up label shall meet the federal requirements applicable to such a 

vehicle with an additional sentence which reads: “This vehicle conforms to federal 

regulations and is certified for sale in California.” The value used in the California 

Environmental Performance Label shall be the California emission category to which the 

vehicle was deemed certified for fleet average NMOG purposes.

1.4.7 The requirements in section H.1.4 do not apply in the case of a federallycertified vehicle model that is only marketed to fleet operators for applications that are 

subject to clean fuel fleet requirements established pursuant to section 246 of the federal 

Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. sec. 7586). In addition, the Executive Officer shall exclude from 

the requirements a federally-certified vehicle model where the manufacturer demonstrates to 

the Executive Officer's reasonable satisfaction that the model will primarily be sold or leased 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

H-3

to clean fuel fleet operators for such applications, and that other sales or leases of the model 

will be incidental to marketing to those clean fuel fleet operators.

2. §86.1842 Addition of a vehicle after certification; and changes to a vehicle covered 

by certification. 

2.1 §86.1842-01. Amend as follows: Add the following sentence: Changes 

proposed by a manufacturer in accordance with this section shall be deemed “approved” after 30 

days unless the Executive Officer has requested additional information from the manufacturer or 

has denied the proposed changes. 

3. §86.1843 General information requirements

3.1 §86.1843-01 [No change.]

3.2 Alternative Fuel Information.

For passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles not certified 

exclusively on gasoline or diesel, except for vehicles that use hydrogen fuel, the manufacturer 

shall submit projected California sales and fuel economy data nineteen months prior to January 1 

of the model year for which the vehicles are certified. For vehicles that use hydrogen fuel, the 

manufacturer shall submit projected California sales and leases, fuel economy data, vehicle fuel 

pressure rating, name of air basin(s) where vehicles will be delivered for sale or lease, and 

number of vehicles projected to be delivered to each air basin, thirty-three months prior to 

January 1 of the model year for which the vehicles are certified.

3.3 Credit Reporting.

In order to verify the status of a manufacturer's compliance with the fleet average 

and phase-in requirements in sections E.2.1 through E.2.4, or the greenhouse gas requirements in 

section E.2.5 for a given model year, and in order to confirm the accrual of credits or debits, each 

manufacturer shall submit an annual report to the Executive Officer which sets forth the 

production data used to establish compliance, by no later than March 1 or May 1, respectively, of 

the calendar year following the close of the model year. 

3.4 SFTP. 

Prior to the 2016 model year, a manufacturer that introduces MDVs certified to 

the SFTP requirements set forth in E.1.2.2 must submit the implementation information required 

for vehicles produced in subsequent model years. 

4. §86.1844 Information Requirements: Application for Certification and Submittal of 

Information Upon Request.

4.1 §86.1844-01. September 15, 2011. Amend as follows:

4.1.1 All NMOG test results and certification levels and all NOx test results and 

certification levels must be reported as separate values and as NMOG plus NOx values for 

the purpose of complying with this section H.4.

4.1.2 Modify §86.1844-01(d) as follows:

(a) Delete §86.1844-01(d)(9).

(b) Delete §86.1844-01(d)(15)(ii) and replace it with the following: For vehicles 

with fuel fired heaters, a manufacturer must include the information specified 

in section H.4.4. 

4.1.3 Add the following requirements to §86.1844-01(e): 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

H-4

(a) The information required in sections 2037, 2038 and 2039, title 13, CCR.

(b) The NMOG/NMHC and/or formaldehyde to NMHC ratios established 

according to section I.1.2 of these test procedures.

4.2 OBD Requirements.

For 2015 and subsequent model-year passenger cars, light-duty trucks and 

medium-duty vehicles, information shall be submitted in the application for certification 

according to the requirements of section 1968, et seq., title 13, CCR, as applicable. 

4.3 HEVs.

For HEVs, the information required in the “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and 

Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle 

Classes” and the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and 

Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, 

Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” must be supplied with the Part I 

application for certification.

4.4 Fuel-Fired Heaters.

For vehicles that use fuel-fired heaters, the manufacturer shall provide with the 

Part I application for certification:

(a) a description of the control system logic of the fuel-fired heater, including an 

evaluation of the conditions under which the fuel-fired heater can be operated and an 

evaluation of the possible operational modes and conditions under which evaporative 

emissions can exist; 

(b) the exhaust emissions value per mile produced by the auxiliary fuel-fired heater 

operated between 68o

F and 86oF; and 

(c) the test plan which describes the procedure used to determine the mass emissions 

of the fuel-fired heater. 

 

4.5 Greenhouse Gas Reporting Requirements.

(a) For the purpose of demonstrating compliance with greenhouse gas requirements, 

the manufacturer shall provide by May 1 of the calendar year following the close of the 

model year:

(i) all data in accordance with the reporting requirements as required under 

40 CFR §86.1865-12; and

(ii) final combined and individual state volumes of vehicles produced and 

delivered for sale for each model type and footprint for California, the District of 

Columbia, and all states that have adopted California’s greenhouse gas emission 

standards for that model year pursuant to section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 

U.S.C. § 7507).

(b) All data submitted in accordance with this section H.4.5, must be submitted 

electronically and organized in a format specified by the Executive Officer to clearly 

demonstrate compliance with California’s greenhouse gas exhaust emission requirements in 

section E.2.5. 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

I-1

I. In-Use Compliance Requirements and Procedures

1. §86.1845 Manufacturer in-use verification testing requirements.

1.1 §86.1845-04. May 7, 2010. Amend as follows:

1.1.1 Table S04-5 - California Small Volume Manufacturers and Small Volume 

Test Groups

California only test group 

annual sales1

1-1,500 1,501-4,500

Low Mileage Voluntary 0

High Mileage Voluntary 22

1 Total annual production of groups eligible for testing under small volume sampling plan is 

capped at a maximum of 4,500 California-only production volume per model year, per large 

volume manufacturer. All other remaining large volume manufacturers’ small volume test 

groups shall meet the requirements in Table S04-06 below. 2 Particulate emissions must be measured for one vehicle per test group that certifies to the LEV 

III particulate standards in section E.1.1.2.1.

 

1.1.2 Table S04-6 - California Large Volume Manufacturers

California only test groups -

annual sales

4,500-

15,000

15,001-

25,000

>25,000

Low Mileage 21 32 42

High Mileage 42 53 63

1 Particulate emissions must be measured for one vehicle per test group that certifies to the LEV 

III particulate standards in section E.1.1.2.1.

2 Particulate emissions must be measured for two vehicles per test group that certifies to the LEV 

III particulate standards in section E.1.1.2.1. 3 Particulate emissions must be measured for three vehicles per test group that certifies to the 

LEV III particulate standards in section E.1.1.2.1.

1.1.3 High Mileage Testing. Amend subparagraph (c)(2) of 40 CFR §86.1845-

04 to read as follows: All test vehicles certified to the emission standards in Part I, Section 

E.1.1.1 of these procedures must have a minimum odometer mileage of 50,000 miles. At 

least one vehicle of each test group certified to the emission standards in Part I, Section 

E.1.1.1 of these procedures must have a minimum age and odometer mileage of 75,000 for 

light-duty vehicles and 90,000 miles for medium-duty vehicles. All test vehicles certified to 

the emission standards in Part I, Section E.1.1.2 of these test procedures must have a 

minimum age and odometer mileage of 112,500 miles. See §86.1838-01(c)(2) for small 

volume manufacturer mileage requirements.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

I-2

1.1.4 High Altitude Testing. Amend subparagraph (c)(5)(i) of 40 CFR 

§86.1845-01 to read: Each test vehicle shall be tested in accordance with the Federal Test 

Procedure and the US06 portion of the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (if applicable) 

as described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance with the 

applicable exhaust emission standards under this subpart. High altitude testing shall not 

apply.

1.2 Test Ratios.

(a) As an alternative to measuring the NMOG content, the Executive Officer may 

approve, upon submission of supporting data by a manufacturer, the use of NMOG to 

NMHC ratios. To request the use of NMOG to NMHC ratios, a manufacturer shall 

establish during certification testing the ratio of measured NMOG exhaust emissions to 

measured NMHC exhaust emissions for each emission data vehicle for the applicable test 

group. The results shall be submitted to the Executive Officer in the Part II application 

for certification. A manufacturer may conduct in-use testing on the test group by 

measuring NMHC exhaust emissions rather than NMOG exhaust emissions. After 

approval by the Executive Officer, the measured NMHC exhaust emissions shall be 

multiplied by the NMOG to NMHC ratio submitted in the application for certification for 

the test group to determine the equivalent NMOG exhaust emission values for the test 

vehicle. For LEV II vehicles, the equivalent NMOG exhaust emission value shall be 

compared to the NMOG exhaust emission standard applicable to the vehicle emission 

category (LEV, ULEV, or SULEV) in which the test group was certified. For LEV III 

vehicles, the equivalent NMOG exhaust emission value shall be added to the measured 

NOx exhaust emissions and compared to the NMOG+NOx exhaust emission standard 

applicable to the vehicle emission category (LEV630, LEV395, LEV160, ULEV570, 

ULEV400, ULEV340, ULEV270, ULEV250, ULEV200, ULEV125, ULEV70, 

ULEV50, SULEV230, SULEV200, SULEV170, SULEV150, SULEV30, or SULEV20) 

in which the test group was certified.

(b) For fuel-flexible vehicles certified to NMOG standards or NMOG+NOx 

standards, the manufacturer may request from the Executive Officer the use of a 

methanol (M85) or ethanol (E85) NMOG exhaust emission to gasoline NMHC exhaust 

emission ratio which shall be established during certification testing for each emission 

data vehicle for the applicable test group. The results shall be submitted to the Executive 

Officer in the Part II application for certification. After approval by the Executive 

Officer, the measured gasoline NMHC exhaust emissions shall be multiplied by the M85 

or E85 NMOG to gasoline NMHC ratio submitted in the application for certification for 

the test group to determine the equivalent NMOG exhaust emission values for the test 

vehicle. For LEV II vehicles, the equivalent NMOG exhaust emission value shall be 

compared to the NMOG exhaust emission standard applicable to the vehicle emission 

category (LEV, ULEV, SULEV) in which the test group was certified. For LEV III 

vehicles, the equivalent NMOG exhaust emission value shall be added to the measured 

NOx exhaust emissions and compared to the NMOG+NOx exhaust emission standard 

applicable to the vehicle emission category (LEV630, LEV395, LEV160, ULEV570, 

ULEV400, ULEV340, ULEV270, ULEV250, ULEV200, ULEV125, ULEV70, 

ULEV50, SULEV230, SULEV200, SULEV170, SULEV150, SULEV30, or SULEV20) 

in which the test group was certified. 
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

I-3

(c) As an alternative to measuring the HCHO content, the Executive Officer 

may approve, upon submission of supporting data by a manufacturer, the use of HCHO to 

NMHC ratios. To request the use of HCHO to NMHC ratios, the manufacturer shall 

establish during certification testing the ratio of measured HCHO exhaust emissions to 

measured NMHC exhaust emissions for each emission data vehicle for the applicable test 

group. The results shall be submitted to the Executive Officer in the Part II application 

for certification. Following approval of the application for certification, the manufacturer 

may conduct in-use testing on the test group by measuring NMHC exhaust emissions 

rather than HCHO exhaust emissions. The measured NMHC exhaust emissions shall be 

multiplied by the HCHO to NMHC ratio submitted in the application for certification for 

the test group to determine the equivalent HCHO exhaust emission values for the test 

vehicle. The equivalent HCHO exhaust emission values shall be compared to the HCHO 

exhaust emission standard applicable to the test group. 

2. §86.1846 Manufacturer in-use confirmatory testing requirements. 

2.1 §86.1846-01. May 7, 2010. [No Change.]

2.2 If a gasoline vehicle test group that is certified according to the provisions of 

section D.1 (p) fails in-use verification testing, as set forth in section I, NMOG and 

formaldehyde exhaust emissions must be measured for that test group in accordance with section 

D.1.1 for the purpose of in-use confirmatory testing.

3. §86.1847 Manufacturer in-use verification and in-use confirmatory testing; 

submittal of information and maintenance of records. . 

3.1 §86.1847-01. Amend as follows:

3.1.1 Amend subparagraph (a)(3) of 40 CFR §86.1847-01 to add: Procurement 

documentation. A description of the procurement area, a record of the source(s) of any list(s) 

of vehicles used as a basis for procurement, and a complete record of the number of vehicles

rejected after positive vehicle owner response, reason(s) for manufacturer rejection of each 

rejected vehicles and the method used for random selection of positive owner response 

vehicles. A complete record of the number of vehicle owners/lessees in which attempt to 

contact was made and the number of vehicle owners/lessees actually contacted, the number 

of owners/lessees not contacted and the reasons and number of each for failure to contact, 

and the number of owners contacted who declined to participate. 

3.1.2 Amend subparagraph (b)(1) of 40 CFR §86.1847-01 to read: A complete 

printout of each and every emission test performed, including, but not limited to, all test 

results, the date of each test, the full useful life emission standards to which the test group is 

certified, and the phase mass values for fuel economy, carbon dioxide and each pollutant 

measured by the Federal Test Procedure and Supplemental Test Procedure as prescribed by 

subpart B of this part.

3.1.3 Amend subparagraph (f)(1) of 40 CFR §86.1847-01 to read: A complete 

printout of each and every emission test performed, including, but not limited to, all test 

results, the date of each test, the full useful life emission standards to which the test group is 

certified, and the phase mass values for fuel economy, carbon dioxide and each pollutant 

measured by the Federal Test Procedure and Supplemental Test Procedure as prescribed by 

subpart B of this part.
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

I-4

Appendices I, II, and III to §86.1845-01 [No change.]
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

J-1

J. Procedural Requirements

1. §86.1848-10 Certification. July 6, 2011. [No change.]

2. §86.1849-01 Right of entry. [No change.]

3. §86.1850-01 Denial, Suspension or Revocation of Certificate of Conformity. [No 

change.]

4. §86.1851 Application of good engineering judgment to manufacturers' decisions. [No 

change.]

5. §86.1852 Waivers for good in-use emission performance. [No change.]

6. §86.1853 Certification hearings. [No change.]

7. §86.1854-12 Prohibited acts. May 7, 2010. [No change.]

8. §§86.1855 - 86.1859. [Reserved]

9. §86.1860-04 How to comply with the Tier 2 and interim Tier 2 fleet average NOx 

standards. [n/a]

10. §86.1861-04 How do the Tier 2 and interim Tier 2 NOx averaging, banking and trading 

programs work? [n/a]

11. §86.1862-04 Maintenance of records and submittal of information relevant to compliance 

with fleet average NOx standards. [n/a]

12. §86.1863-07 Optional Chassis Certification for Diesel Vehicles. September 15, 2011. 

[No change]

13. §86.1865-12 How to comply with the fleet average CO2 standards. [Insert Federal 

Register for the 2017 and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as 

proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75371 (December 1, 2011)]. [No change, except that 

this section shall only apply to vehicles certifying under the 2012 through 2016 MY 

National greenhouse gas program.]

14. §86.1866-12 CO2 fleet average credit programs. [Insert Federal Register for the 2017 

and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 

74854, 75372 (December 1, 2011)]. [No change, except that for the 2012 through 2016 

model years this section shall only apply to vehicles certifying under the 2012 through 

2016 MY National greenhouse gas program.]

15. §86.1867-12 Optional early CO2 credit programs. [Insert Federal Register for the 2017 

and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 

74854, 75387 (December 1, 2011)]. [No change, except that this section shall only apply 

to vehicles certifying under the 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse gas 

program.]
II-1

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

PART II: CALIFORNIA EXHAUST AND PARTICULATE EMISSION TEST 

PROCEDURES FOR PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS AND 

MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES 

This part describes the equipment required and the procedures necessary to perform 

gaseous and particulate exhaust emission tests (40 CFR Part 86, Subpart B); cold temperature 

test procedures (40 CFR Part 86, Subpart C); the California 50oF test procedure; and the 

supplemental federal test procedure (40 CFR Part 86, Subpart B) on passenger cars, light-duty 

trucks and medium-duty vehicles. 

A. 40 CFR Part 86, Subpart B - Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year 

New Light-Duty Vehicles and New Light-Duty Trucks and New Otto-Cycle 

Complete Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures.

100.1 General applicability.

86.101 General applicability. October 6, 2000.

86.102 Definitions. March 5, 1980.

86.103 Abbreviations. March 5, 1980.

86.104 Section numbering, construction. September 21, 1994.

86.105 Introduction; structure of subpart. September 21, 1994.

100.2 Equipment and Facility Requirements.

86.106-00 Equipment required; overview. October 22, 1996.

86.107-98 Sampling and analytical system, evaporative emissions. August 23, 1995.

86.108-00 Dynamometer. October 22, 1996. 

86.109-94 Exhaust gas sampling system; Otto-cycle vehicles not requiring particulate 

emission measurements. June 30, 1995. 

86.110-94 Exhaust gas sampling system; diesel-cycle vehicles, and Otto-cycle 

vehicles requiring particulate emissions measurements. June 30, 1995.

86.111-94 Exhaust gas analytical-system. [Insert Federal Register for the 2017 and 

subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 

Fed. Reg. 74854, 75357 (December 1, 2011)].

86.112-91 Weighing chamber (or room) and microgram balance specifications. 

June 5, 1991.

100.3 Certification Fuel Specifications.

86.113-94 Fuel Specifications. February 18, 2000. 

86.113-04 Fuel Specifications. February 10, 2000.

86.113-07 Fuel Specifications. January 18, 2001.

100.3.1 California Certification Gasoline Specification.

100.3.1.1 Certification Gasoline Fuel Specifications for LEV II Light-Duty Vehicles and 

Medium-Duty Vehicles.

Add the following subparagraph which reads: For light-duty vehicles and 

medium-duty vehicles certified to the LEV II exhaust emission standards set forth in section 

E.1.1.1, gasoline having the specifications listed below or gasoline having the specifications 
II-2

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

listed in section 100.3.1.2 may be used in exhaust and evaporative emission testing as an option 

to the specifications referred to in §86.113-04(a)(1). If a manufacturer elects to utilize gasoline

having the specifications listed below for LEV II vehicles, exhaust emission testing shall be 

conducted by the manufacturer with gasoline having the specifications listed below, and the 

Executive Officer shall conduct exhaust emission testing with gasoline having the specifications 

listed below. If a manufacturer elects to utilize gasoline having the specifications listed in 

section 100.3.1.2, exhaust emission testing shall be conducted by the manufacturer with gasoline 

having the specifications listed in section 100.3.1.2, and the Executive Officer shall conduct 

exhaust emission testing with gasoline having the specifications listed in section 100.3.1.2. Use 

of this fuel for evaporative emission testing shall be required as specified in the “California 

Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor 

Vehicles.”

 

California Certification Gasoline Specifications for 

LEV II Light-Duty Vehicles and Medium-Duty Vehicles

Fuel Property(a) Limit Test Method (b)

Octane (R+M)/2 91 (min) D 2699-88, D 2700-88

Sensitivity 7.5 (min) D 2699-88, D 2700-88

Lead 0-0.01g/gal (max); no lead 

added

§2253.4(c), title 13 CCR

Distillation Range: §2263, title 13 CCR(c)

 10% point 130-150 oF

 50% point (d) 200-210 oF

 90% point (e) 290-300 oF

 EP, maximum 390 oF

Residue 2.0 vol. % (max)

Sulfur 30-40 ppm by wt. §2263, title 13 CCR

Phosphorous 0.005 g/gal (max) §2253.4(c), title 13 CCR

RVP 6.7-7.0 psi §2263, title 13 CCR 

Olefins 4.0-6.0 vol. % §2263, title 13 CCR 

Total Aromatic Hydrocarbons 22-25 vol. % §2263, title 13 CCR 

Benzene 0.8-1.0 vol. %(f) §2263, title 13 CCR 

Multi-substituted Alkyl Aromatic 

Hydrocarbons

12-14 vol. %(g)

MTBE 10.8-11.2 vol. % §2263, title 13 CCR 

Additives Sufficient to meet requirements of §2257, title 13 CCR 

Copper Corrosion No. 1 D 130-88
II-3

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

Gum, washed 3.0 mg/100 mL (max) D 381-86

Oxidation Stability 1000 minutes (min) D 525-88

Specific Gravity Report (h)

Heat of Combustion Report (h)

Carbon Report wt. % (h)

Hydrogen Report wt. % (h)

(a) The gasoline must be blended from typical refinery feedstocks.

(b) ASTM specification unless otherwise noted. A test method other than that specified may be used following a 

determination by the Executive Officer that the other method produces results equivalent to the results with the specified method.

(c) Although §2263, title 13, CCR refers to the temperatures of the 50 and 90 percent points, this procedure can be 

extended to the 10 percent and end point temperatures, and to the determination of the residue content.

(d) The range for interlaboratory testing is 195-215o F.

(e) The range for interlaboratory testing is 285-305o F.

(f) The range for interlaboratory testing is 0.7-1.1 percent by volume.

(g) “Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Distillates, Reformates, and Gasoline by Single 

Column High Efficiency (Capillary) Column Gas Chromatography,” by Neil Johansen, 1992, Boulder, CO.

(h) The fuel producer should report this fuel property to the fuel purchaser. Any generally accepted test method may be 

used and shall be identified in the report.

100.3.1.2 Certification Gasoline Fuel Specifications for LEV III Light-Duty Vehicles

and Medium-Duty Vehicles.

Add the following subparagraph which reads: For all light-duty vehicles and 

medium-duty vehicles certifying to the LEV III standards in section E.1.1.2, gasoline having the 

specifications listed below shall be used in exhaust emission testing, and the Executive Officer 

shall conduct exhaust emission testing with gasoline having the specifications listed below. Use 

of this fuel for evaporative emission testing shall be required as specified in the “California 

Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor 

Vehicles.”

California Certification Gasoline Specifications for 

LEV III Light-Duty Vehicles and Medium-Duty Vehicles

Fuel Property(a) Limit Test Method (b)

Octane (R+M)/2 (c) 87-88.4;

91 (min)

D 2699-88, D 2700-88

Sensitivity 7.5 (min) D 2699-88, D 2700-88

Lead 0-0.01g/gal (max); no lead 

added

§2253.4(c), title 13 CCR

Distillation Range: §2263, title 13 CCR(d)

 10% point 130-150 oF

 50% point 205-215 oF

 90% point 310-320 oF
II-4

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

 EP, maximum 390 oF

Residue 2.0 vol. % (max)

Sulfur 8-11 ppm by wt. §2263, title 13 CCR

Phosphorous 0.005 g/gal (max) §2253.4(c), title 13 CCR

RVP 6.9-7.2 psi §2263, title 13 CCR 

Olefins 4.0-6.0 vol. % §2263, title 13 CCR 

Total Aromatic Hydrocarbons 19.5-22.5 vol. % §2263, title 13 CCR 

Benzene 0.6-0.8 vol. % §2263, title 13 CCR 

Multi-substituted Alkyl Aromatic 

Hydrocarbons

13-15 vol. %(e)

MTBE 0.05 vol. % §2263, title 13 CCR 

Ethanol 9.8-10.2 vol. %

Total Oxygen 3.3-3.7 wt. % §2263, title 13 CCR

Additives Sufficient to meet requirements of §2257, title 13 CCR 

Copper Corrosion No. 1 D 130-88

Gum, washed 3.0 mg/100 mL (max) D 381-86

Oxidation Stability 1000 minutes (min) D 525-88

Specific Gravity Report (f)

Heat of Combustion Report (f)

Carbon Report wt. % (f)

Hydrogen Report wt. % (f)

(a) The gasoline must be blended from typical refinery feedstocks.

(b) ASTM specification unless otherwise noted. A test method other than that specified may be used following a 

determination by the Executive Officer that the other method produces results equivalent to the results with the specified method.

(c) For vehicles/engines that require the use of premium gasoline as part of their warranty, the Octane ((R+M)/2) may 

be a 91 minimum. All other certification gasoline specifications, as shown in this table, must be met. For all other 

vehicles/engines, the Octane ((R+M)/2) shall be 87-88.4. (d)

 Although §2263, title 13, CCR refers to the temperatures of the 50 and 90 percent points, this procedure can be 

extended to the 10 percent and end point temperatures, and to the determination of the residue content.

(e)

 “Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Distillates, Reformates, and Gasoline by Single 

Column High Efficiency (Capillary) Column Gas Chromatography,” by Neil Johansen, 1992, Boulder, CO.

(f)

 The fuel producer should report this fuel property to the fuel purchaser. Any generally accepted test method may be 

used and shall be identified in the report.

100.3.2 Certification Diesel Fuel Specifications.

100.3.2.1 Certification Diesel Fuel Specifications for the 2015 and Subsequent Model 

Years.

Amend subparagraphs §86.113-07(b)(2) and (b)(3) as follows:
II-5

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

(b)(2) Except as noted below, petroleum fuel for diesel vehicles meeting the specifications 

referenced in 40 CFR §86.113-07(b)(2), or substantially equivalent specifications approved by 

the Executive Officer, shall be used in exhaust emission testing. The grade of petroleum fuel 

recommended by the engine manufacturer, commercially designated as “Type 2-D” grade diesel, 

shall be used. The petroleum fuel used in exhaust emission testing may meet the specifications 

listed below, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by the Executive Officer, as an 

option to the specifications in 40 CFR §86.113-07(b)(2). Where a manufacturer elects pursuant 

to this subparagraph to conduct exhaust emission testing using the specifications of §86.113-

07(b)(2), or the specifications listed below, the Executive Officer shall conduct exhaust emission 

testing with the diesel fuel meeting the specifications elected by the manufacturer.

California Certification Diesel Fuel Specifications

For the 2015 and Subsequent Model Years

Fuel Property Limit Test Method (a)

Natural Cetane Number 47-55 D 613-86

Distillation Range §2282(g)(3), title 13, 

CCR

 IBP 340-420 oF

 10% point 400-490 oF

 50% point 470-560 oF

 90% point 550-610 oF

 EP 580-660 oF

API Gravity 33-39o D 287-82

Total Sulfur 7-15 ppm §2282(g)(3), title 13, 

CCR

Nitrogen Content 100-500 ppmw §2282(g)(3), title 13, 

CCR

Total Aromatic Hydrocarbons 8-12 vol. % §2282(g)(3), title 13, 

CCR

Polycyclic Aromatic 

Hydrocarbons

1.4 wt. % (max) §2282(g)(3), title 13, 

CCR

Flashpoint 130 oF (max) D 93-80

Viscosity @ 40oF 2.0-4.1 

centistokes

D 445-83

(a) ASTM specifications unless otherwise noted. A reference to a subsection of §2282, title 13, CCR, means the test 

method identified in that subsection for the particular property. A test method other than that specified may be used following a 

determination by the Executive Officer that the other method produces results equivalent to the results of the specified method.

(b)(3) Diesel fuel representative of commercial diesel fuel which will be generally 

available through retail outlets shall be used in service accumulation. 
II-6

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

100.3.3 Alcohol Fuels.

Amend §86.113-94(c) as follows:

1. Delete subparagraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2); replace with:

(c)(1) Emission test fuel. For Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol vehicles and hybrid 

electric vehicles which use Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol engines, methanol or ethanol fuel used 

for exhaust and evaporative emission testing shall meet the specifications set forth in section 

2292.1, title 13, CCR, (Specifications for M-100 Fuel Methanol) or section 2292.3 (Specification 

for E-100 Fuel Ethanol) as modified by the following:

Specification Limit

M-100 Fuel Methanol

Methanol 98.0 ± 0.5 vol. percent

Ethanol 1.0 vol. percent max.

Petroleum fuel meeting the 

specifications of section 100.3.1.1

1.0 ± 0.1 vol. percent

E-100 Fuel Ethanol

Ethanol 98.0 ± 0.5 vol. percent

Methanol 1.0 vol. percent max.

Petroleum fuel meeting the 

specifications of section 100.3.1.1

1.0 ± 0.1 vol. percent

(c)(2) Mileage accumulation fuel. For Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol vehicles and 

hybrid electric vehicles which use Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol engines, methanol or ethanol fuel 

used for service accumulation shall meet the applicable specifications set forth in section 2292.1, 

title 13, CCR, (Specifications for M-100 Fuel Methanol) or section 2292.3 (Specification for E100 Fuel Ethanol). 

2. Subparagraph (c)(3) [No Change.]

3. Add the following subparagraph. Fuel additives and ignition improvers intended 

for use in alcohol test fuels shall be subject to the approval of the Executive Officer. In order for 

such approval to be granted, a manufacturer must demonstrate that emissions will not be 

adversely affected by the use of the fuel additive or ignition improver. 

100.3.4 Mixtures of Petroleum and Alcohol Fuels for Flexible Fuel Vehicles.

Amend §86.113-94(d) as follows:

1. Delete subparagraphs (d)(1) and (d)(2); replace with:

(d)(1) Exhaust emission test fuel for emission-data and durability-data 

vehicles. For Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles which use Ottocycle or diesel alcohol engines, methanol or ethanol fuel used for exhaust emission testing shall 

meet the applicable specifications set forth in section 2292.2, title 13, CCR, (Specifications for 

M-85 Fuel Methanol) or section 2292.4 (Specifications for E-85 Fuel Ethanol) as modified by 

the following:
II-7

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

Specification Limit

M-85 Fuel Methanol

 Petroleum fuel meeting the 

specifications of section 100.3.1.1

13-16 vol. percent

 Reid vapor pressure 8.0-8.5 psi, using common blending 

components from the gasoline stream.

E-85 Fuel Ethanol

 Petroleum fuel meeting the 

specifications of section 100.3.1.1

15-21 vol. percent

 Reid vapor pressure 8.0-8.5 psi, using common blending 

components from the gasoline stream.

(d)(2) Mileage accumulation fuel. For flexible fuel Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol 

vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles that use Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol engines, petroleum fuel 

shall meet the applicable specifications in Part II, Sections A.100.3.1.1 or 100.3.2 and methanol 

or ethanol fuel shall meet the applicable specifications set forth in section 2292.2, title 13, CCR, 

(Specifications for M-85 Fuel Methanol) or section 2292.4 (Specification for E-85 Fuel Ethanol). 

Mileage accumulation procedures shall be subject to the requirements set forth in 

40 CFR §86.1831-01(a) and (b) and are subject to the prior approval of the Executive Officer. A 

manufacturer shall consider expected customer fuel usage as well as emissions deterioration 

when developing its durability demonstration. 

2. Subparagraph (d)(3) [No Change.]

3. Add the following subparagraphs. Evaporative emission test fuel for emissiondata and durability-data vehicles. For Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol vehicles and hybrid electric 

vehicles which use Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol engines, the fuel for evaporative emission testing 

shall be the gasoline set forth in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2 of these test procedures. Alternative 

alcohol-gasoline blends may be used in place of E10 if demonstrated to result in equivalent or 

higher evaporative emissions, subject to prior approval of the Executive Officer.

Additive requirements. Fuel additives and ignition improvers intended for use 

in alcohol test fuels shall be subject to the approval of the Executive Officer. In order for such 

approval to be granted, a manufacturer must demonstrate that emissions will not be adversely 

affected by the use of the fuel additive or ignition improver. 

100.3.5 Natural Gas Fuels.

Amend §86.113-94(e) as follows:

1. Delete subparagraphs (e)(1), (e)(2) and (e)(3); replace with:

(e)(1) Exhaust emission test fuel. For dedicated, dual-fueled or hybrid electric 

vehicles which use natural gas, fuel used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing shall meet 

the specifications listed in section 2292.5, title 13, CCR, (Specifications for Compressed Natural 

Gas) as modified by the following:
II-8

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

Specification Limit

Compressed Natural Gas Certification Test Fuel

 Methane 90.0 ± 1.0 mole percent

 Ethane 4.0 ± 0.5 mole percent

 C3 and higher hydrocarbon content 2.0 ± 0.3 mole percent

 Oxygen 0.5 mole percent maximum

 Inert gases (CO2 + N2) 3.5 ± 0.5 vol. percent

(e)(2) Mileage accumulation fuel. For dedicated, dual-fueled or hybrid electric 

vehicles which use natural gas, fuel used for service accumulation shall meet the specifications 

listed in section 2292.5, title 13, CCR, (Specifications for Compressed Natural Gas).

100.3.6 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Fuels.

Amend §86.113-94(f) as follows:

1. Delete subparagraphs (f)(1) and (f)(2); replace with:

(f)(1) Evaporative and exhaust emission test fuel. For dedicated, dual-fueled 

or hybrid electric vehicles which use liquefied petroleum gas, fuel used for exhaust and 

evaporative emission testing shall meet the specifications listed in section 2292.6, title 13, CCR, 

(Specifications for Liquefied Petroleum Gas) as modified by the following:

Specification Limit

Liquefied Petroleum Gas Certification Test Fuel

 Propane 93.5 ± 1.0 volume percent

 Propene 3.8 ± 0.5 volume percent

 Butane and heavier components 1.9 ± 0.3 volume percent

(f)(2) Mileage accumulation fuel. For dedicated, dual-fueled or hybrid electric 

vehicles which use liquefied petroleum gas, fuel used for service accumulation shall meet the 

specifications listed in section 2292.6, title 13, CCR, (Specifications for Liquefied Petroleum 

Gas).

2. Subparagraph (f)(3). [No Change.]

100.3.7 §86.113-94(g). [No Change.]

100.3.8 §86.113-07(h). [No Change.]
II-9

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

100.3.9 Identification of New Clean Fuels to be Used in Certification Testing.

Any person may petition the state board to establish by regulation certification testing 

specifications for a new clean fuel for which specifications for a new clean fuel are not 

specifically set forth in paragraphs 86.113-94, 86.113-04, or 86.113-07, as amended herein. 

Prior to adopting such specifications, the state board shall consider the relative cost-effectiveness 

of use of the fuel in reducing emissions compared to the use of other fuels. Whenever the state 

board adopts specifications for a new clean fuel for certification testing, it shall also establish by 

regulation specifications for the fuel as it is sold commercially to the public.

(a) If the proposed new clean fuel may be used to fuel existing motor vehicles, the 

state board shall not establish certification specifications for the fuel unless the petitioner has 

demonstrated that:

(1) Use of the new clean fuel in such existing motor vehicles would not 

increase emissions of NMOG, NOx, CO, and the potential risk associated with toxic air 

contaminants, as determined pursuant to the procedures set forth in “California Test 

Procedures for Evaluating Substitute Fuels and New Clean Fuels in 2015 and Subsequent 

Years.” In the case of fuel-flexible vehicles or dual-fuel vehicles which were not 

certified on the new clean fuel but are capable of being operated on it, emissions during 

operation with the new clean fuel shall not increase compared to emissions during vehicle 

operation on gasoline.

(2) Use of the new clean fuel in such existing motor vehicles would not result 

in increased deterioration of the vehicle and would not void the warranties of any such 

vehicles.

(b) Whenever the state board designates a new clean fuel pursuant to this section, the 

state board shall also establish by regulation required specifications for the new clean fuel sold 

commercially in California.

86.114-94 Analytical gases. June 30, 1995.

86.115-00 EPA urban dynamometer driving schedules. October 22, 1996.

100.4 Calibration methods and frequency. 

86.116-94 Calibrations, frequency and overview. June 30, 1995.

86.117-96 Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations. December 8, 2005.

86.118-00 Dynamometer calibrations. October 22, 1996.

86.119-90 CVS calibration. February 18, 2000.

86.120-94 Gas meter or flow instrumentation calibration, particulate, methanol and 

formaldehyde measurement. June 30, 1995.

86.121-90 Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration. July 13, 2005. 

86.122-78 Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration. June 28, 1977.

86.123-78 Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration. June 30, 1995.

86.124-78 Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration. June 28, 1977.

86.125-94 Methane analyzer calibration. June 5, 1991.
II-10

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

86.126-90 Calibration of other equipment. April 11, 1989.

100.5 Test Procedures and Data Requirements.

86.127-12 Test procedures; overview. May 7, 2010.

86.128-00 Transmissions. October 22, 1996.

86.129-00 Road load power, test weight, inertia weight class determination, and fuel 

temperature profile. October 6, 2000.

100.5.1 California Road Load Power, Test Weight and Inertia Weight Class 

Determination.

100.5.1.1 Amend §86.129-00(b) to add the following specifications for medium-duty 

vehicles: Power absorption unit adjustment - medium-duty vehicles.

(1) The power absorption unit shall be adjusted to reproduce road load power at 50 

miles per hour true speed. The dynamometer power absorption shall take into account the 

dynamometer friction, as discussed in paragraph 86.118-78.

(2) The dynamometer road load setting is determined from the loaded test weight, the 

reference frontal area, vehicle protuberances, and an aerodynamic drag coefficient as determined 

appropriate by the Executive Officer. The vehicle manufacturer shall submit the procedure by 

which the aerodynamic drag coefficient was determined in the test vehicle information section in 

the certification application. The dynamometer road load setting shall be determined by the 

following equation.

(i) For medium-duty vehicles to be tested on twin or single large roll 

dynamometers:

Hp = (0.00182)V((0.015)(W)+(0.0375)(Cd)(A)(V2 )/(32.2ft/s2 ))+P

where:

Hp = the dynamometer power absorber setting at 50 mph (horsepower).

0.00182 = conversion factor to horsepower.

V = velocity in feet/sec. 

0.015 = coefficient of rolling resistance. 

W = loaded vehicle weight in pounds. 

0.0375 = air density in lbm/cubic ft. 

Cd = aerodynamic drag coefficient.

A = reference frontal area in square ft. 

32.2 ft/s2 = gravitational acceleration 

P = protuberance power (horsepower)

(ii) The protuberance power, P shall be determined per subparagraph 

86.129-80(c)(2)(i).

(iii) The dynamometer power absorber setting for medium-duty vehicles shall be 

rounded to the nearest 0.1 horsepower.
II-11

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

(3) The road load power calculated above shall be used or the vehicle manufacturer may 

determine the road load power by an alternate procedure requested by the manufacturer and 

approved in advance by the Executive Officer.

(4) Where it is expected that more than 33 percent of a vehicle line within an 

engine-system combination will be equipped with air conditioning, per §86.1828-01, the road 

load power as determined in paragraph (2) or (3) of this section shall be increased by 10 percent 

up to a maximum increment of 1.4 horsepower, for testing all test vehicles of that vehicle line 

within that engine-system combination if those vehicles are intended to be offered with air 

conditioning in production. This power increment shall be added to the indicated dynamometer 

power absorption setting prior to rounding off this value.

86.130-00 Test sequence; general requirements. October 22, 1996.

100.5.2 California test sequence; general requirements.

100.5.2.1 Delete subparagraph (a) of §86.130-00 and replace with:

For purposes of determining conformity with 50oF test requirements, the procedures set 

forth in Part II, Section C. For all hybrid electric vehicles and all 2001 and subsequent 

model-year vehicles certifying to running loss and useful life evaporative emission standards, the 

test sequence specified in “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 

2001 and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles” as incorporated by reference in section 1976, title 

13, CCR shall apply. 

100.5.2.2 Add the following:

A manufacturer has the option of simulating air conditioning operation during testing at 

other ambient test conditions provided it can demonstrate that the vehicle tailpipe exhaust 

emissions are representative of the emissions that would result from the SC03 cycle test 

procedure and the ambient conditions of paragraph 86.161-00. The Executive Officer has 

approved two optional air conditioning test simulation procedures, AC1 and AC2, for the 2001 to 

2003 model years only. If a manufacturer desires to conduct an alternative SC03 test simulation 

other than AC1 and AC2, or the AC1 and AC2 simulations for the 2004 and subsequent model 

years, the simulation test procedure must be approved in advance by the Executive Officer (see 

paragraphs 86.162-00 and 86.162-03).

100.5.2.3 Greenhouse Gas Requirements.

For the purpose of determining conformity with greenhouse gas fleet average 

requirements, the CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from all passenger cars, light-duty trucks and 

medium-duty passenger vehicles shall be measured in accordance with the Federal Test 

Procedure as set forth in Subpart B, 40 CFR Part 86, as modified in Part II of these test 

procedures. Emissions shall be measured using both the EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving 

Schedule as set forth in Appendix I to Part 86, 40 CFR to determine “City” emission values and 

the Highway Driving Schedule as set forth in Part II, Section F of these test procedures to 

determine “Highway” emission values. 

86.131-00 Vehicle preparation. October 22, 1996.

86.132-00 Vehicle preconditioning. October 22, 1996.

100.5.3 California Vehicle Preconditioning Requirements.

100.5.3.1 Add the following subparagraph: For all hybrid electric vehicles and all 2015

and subsequent model-year vehicles subject to running loss and useful life evaporative emission 
II-12

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

standards, the preconditioning sequence for the Federal Test Procedure specified in “California 

Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor 

Vehicles” shall apply. In addition, the preconditioning sequence for the SFTP described in 

subparagraphs (n) and (o) of paragraph 86.132-00 shall apply.

100.5.3.2 Add the following subparagraph: The preconditioning sequence described in 

§86.132-00 shall apply to all vehicles tested for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with 

greenhouse gas requirements with the following addition. The dynamometer procedure used to 

precondition a vehicle being tested to measure “highway” emission values shall consist of one 

cycle of the Highway Driving Schedule followed by 15 seconds of idle prior to initiation of a 

second Highway Driving Schedule, which is driven to test the vehicle. As an alternative, 

emission testing may be conducted using the Highway Driving Schedule within three hours 

following the Federal Test Procedure, if the soak temperature is maintained between 68oF –

86o

F, without additional preconditioning required. 

86.133-96 Diurnal breathing loss test. August 23, 1995.

86.134-96 Running loss test. December 8, 2005.

86.135-12 Dynamometer procedure. [Insert Federal Register for the 2017 and subsequent 

MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 

75357 (December 1, 2011)]. [No change.]

86.136-90 Engine starting and restarting. September 21, 1994. 

86.137-96 Dynamometer test run, gaseous and particulate emissions. March 24, 1993.

86.138-96 Hot soak test. August 23, 1995.

86.139-90 Diesel particulate filter handling and weighing. April 11, 1989.

86.140-94 Exhaust sample analysis. June 30, 1995.

86.142-90 Records required. June 30, 1995. 

86.143-96 Calculations; evaporative emissions. August 23, 1995.

86.144-94 Calculations; exhaust emissions. July 13, 2005.

100.5.4 Calculations; exhaust emissions.

100.5.4.1 The exhaust emission calculations for California are set forth in the 

“California Non-Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures.”

100.5.4.2 Add the following calculation:

Organic material non-methane hydrocarbon equivalent mass for ethanol-fueled vehicles:

OMNMHCEmass = NMHCmass + (13.8756/32.042) x (CH3OH)mass + 

(13.8756/23.035) x (CH3CH2OH)mass + (13.8756/30.0262) x (HCHO)mass + 

(13.8756/22.027) x (CH3CHO)mass

86.145-82 Calculations; particulate emissions. November 2, 1982.

86.146-96 to 85.157-98 [n/a; (ORVR)]

86.158-08 Supplemental Federal Test Procedures; overview. December 27, 2006.

86.159-08 Exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions. December 27, 2006.

100.5.5 California exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions.

100.5.5.1 Amend §86.159-08 as follows: Add the following sentence: The 

exhaust PM emissions shall be measured using equivalent measurement techniques as 

those used to measure exhaust PM emissions on the FTP cycle except that provisions 
II-13

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

accounting for the cold start portion of the FTP cycle (including factors used to weight 

emission values from the different phases) shall be ignored. 

100.5.5.2 Delete subparagraph (b)(9) of §86.159-08 and replace with:

During dynamometer operation, a fixed speed cooling fan or a road speed modulated fan 

as specified in §86.107–96(d)(1) may be used. The fan shall be positioned so as to direct 

cooling air to the vehicle in an appropriate manner. The engine compartment cover shall 

remain open if a fixed speed cooling fan is used and closed if a road speed modulated fan 

is used. In the case of vehicles with front engine compartments, the fan shall be squarely 

positioned within 24 inches (61 centimeters) of the vehicle. In the case of vehicles with 

rear engine compartments (or if special designs make the above impractical), the cooling 

fan shall be placed in a position to provide sufficient air to maintain vehicle cooling. The 

Executive Officer may approve modified cooling configurations or additional cooling if 

necessary to satisfactorily perform the test. In approving requests for additional or 

modified cooling, the Executive Officer will consider such items as actual road cooling 

data and whether such additional cooling is needed to provide a representative test.

100.5.5.3 Hot 1435 LA92 (Hot 1435 Unified Cycle) Test Procedure.

Amend §86.159-08 as follows: Add the following sentences: The exhaust PM 

emissions shall be measured using equivalent measurement techniques as those used to 

measure exhaust PM emissions on the FTP cycle except that provisions accounting for 

the cold start portion of the FTP cycle (including factors used to weight emission values 

from the different phases) shall be ignored. The NMOG, CO, NOx, and formaldehyde 

emissions shall be measured according to the US06 Test Procedure as set forth in Subpart 

B, 40 CFR 86.159-08 with the following modifications:

1. Replace all references to “US06” with “Hot 1435 Unified Cycle.” Where 

§86.159-08 references another section of 40 CFR part 86, replace all mention of “US06” 

with “Hot 1435 Unified Cycle” in referenced sections. 

2. Amend 40 CFR 86.159-08 as follows:

2.1 Delete Paragraph (a); replace with: Overview. 

The dynamometer operation consists of a single test starting from second 

0 and ending at second 1435 in the driving schedule shown in Part II, Section G. 

This cycle will herein be referred to as “Hot 1435 Unified Cycle.” The vehicle is 

preconditioned in accordance with the instructions in this section to bring it up to 

a warmed-up, stabilized condition. This preconditioning is followed by a 1 to 2 

minute idle period that proceeds directly into the Hot 1435 Unified Cycle driving 

schedule during which continuous proportional samples of gaseous emissions are 

collected for analysis. 

2.2 Paragraph (b) 

2.2.1 Subparagraphs (1) through (8) [No change.]

2.2.2 Delete subparagraph (9); replace with: Dynamometer activities. 

During dynamometer operation, a fixed speed cooling fan or a road 

speed modulated fan as specified in §86.107–96(d)(1) may be used. The 

fan shall be positioned so as to direct cooling air to the vehicle in an 

appropriate manner. The engine compartment cover shall remain open if a 
II-14

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

fixed speed cooling fan is used and closed if a road speed modulated fan is 

used. In the case of vehicles with front engine compartments, the fan shall 

be squarely positioned within 24 inches (61 centimeters) of the vehicle. In 

the case of vehicles with rear engine compartments (or if special designs 

make the above impractical), the cooling fan shall be placed in a position 

to provide sufficient air to maintain vehicle cooling. The Executive 

Officer may approve modified cooling configurations or additional 

cooling if necessary to satisfactorily perform the test. In approving 

requests for additional or modified cooling, the Executive Officer will 

consider such items as actual road cooling data and whether such 

additional cooling is needed to provide a representative test.

2.3 Paragraph (c) through (f) [No change.]

100.5.5.4 US06 Bag 2 Test Procedure.

Amend §86.159-08 as follows: Add the following sentences: The exhaust PM emissions 

shall be measured using equivalent measurement techniques as those used to measure 

exhaust PM emissions on the FTP cycle except that provisions accounting for the cold 

start portion of the FTP cycle (including factors used to weight emission values from the 

different phases) shall be ignored. The NMOG, CO, NOx, and formaldehyde emissions 

shall be measured according to the US06 Test Procedure as set forth in Subpart B, 40 

CFR §86.159-08 with the following modifications:

1. Replace all references to “US06” with “US06 Bag 2.” Where §86.159-08 

references another section of 40 CFR part 86, replace all mention of “US06” with “US06 

Bag 2” in referenced sections. 

2. Amend 40 CFR 86.159-08 as follows:

2.1 Delete Paragraph (a); replace with: Overview. 

The dynamometer operation consists of a single, 365 second test starting 

as shown in Part II, Section F. This cycle will herein be referred to as “US06 Bag 

2.” The vehicle is preconditioned in accordance with the instructions in this 

section to bring it up to a warmed-up, stabilized condition. This preconditioning 

is followed by a 1 to 2 minute idle period that proceeds directly into the US06 

Bag 2 driving schedule during which continuous proportional samples of gaseous 

emissions are collected for analysis. 

2.2 Paragraph (b) 

2.2.1 Subparagraphs (1) through (8) [No change.]

2.2.2 Delete subparagraph (9); replace with: Dynamometer activities. 

During dynamometer operation, a fixed speed cooling fan or a road speed 

modulated fan as specified in § 86.107–96(d)(1) may be used. The fan shall be 

positioned so as to direct cooling air to the vehicle in an appropriate manner. The 

engine compartment cover shall remain open if a fixed speed cooling fan is used 

and closed if a road speed modulated fan is used. In the case of vehicles with 

front engine compartments, the fan shall be squarely positioned within 24 inches 

(61 centimeters) of the vehicle. In the case of vehicles with rear engine 

compartments (or if special designs make the above impractical), the cooling fan 

shall be placed in a position to provide sufficient air to maintain vehicle cooling. 
II-15

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

The Executive Officer may approve modified cooling configurations or additional 

cooling if necessary to satisfactorily perform the test. In approving requests for 

additional or modified cooling, the Executive Officer will consider such items as 

actual road cooling data and whether such additional cooling is needed to provide 

a representative test.

2.3 Paragraph (c) through (f) [No change.]

86.160-00 Exhaust emission test procedure for SC03 emissions. December 8, 2005.

86.161-00 Air conditioning environmental test facility ambient requirements. July 13, 2005.

86.162-00 Approval of alternative air conditioning test simulations and descriptions of AC1 

and AC2. October 22, 1996.

86.162-03 Approval of alternative air conditioning test simulations. October 22, 1996.

86.163-00 Spot check correlation procedures for vehicles tested using a simulation of the 

environmental test cell for air conditioning emission testing. October 22, 1996.

86.164-08 Supplemental federal test procedure calculations. December 27, 2006.

86.165-12 Air Conditioning idle test procedure. [Insert Federal Register for the 2017 and 

subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 

74854, 75357 (December 1, 2011)]. [No change, except that for the 2016 model 

years, this section shall only apply to vehicles certifying under the 2012 through 

2016 MY National greenhouse gas program.]

86.166-12 Method for calculating emissions due to air conditioning leakage. [Insert Federal 

Register for the 2017 and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as 

proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75357 (December 1, 2011)]. [No change, except 

that this section shall only apply to vehicles certifying under the 2012 through 

2016 MY National greenhouse gas program.]

86.167-17 AC17 Air Conditioning Efficiency Test Procedure. [Insert Federal Register for 

the 2017 and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 

76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75358 (December 1, 2011)]. [No change, except that for the 

2012 through 2016 model years, this section shall only apply to vehicles 

certifying under the 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse gas program.]

100.5.6 AC17 Air Conditioning Efficiency Test Procedure.

1. Overview. The dynamometer operation consists of four elements: a preconditioning cycle, a 30-minute soak period under simulated solar heat, an SC03 drive 

cycle, and a Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET) drive cycle. The vehicle is 

preconditioned with the UDDS to bring the vehicle to a warmed-up stabilized condition. 

This preconditioning is followed by a 30 minute vehicle soak (engine off) that proceeds 

directly into the SC03 driving schedule, during which continuous proportional samples of 

gaseous emissions are collected for analysis. The SC03 driving schedule is followed 

immediately by the HWFET cycle, during which continuous proportional samples of 

gaseous emissions are collected for analysis. The entire test, including the 

preconditioning driving, vehicle soak, and SC03 and HWFET official test cycles, is 

conducted in an environmental test facility. The environmental test facility must be 

capable of providing the following nominal ambient test conditions of: 77 °F air 

temperature, 50 percent relative humidity, a solar heat load intensity of 850 W/m2, and 
II-16

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

vehicle cooling air flow proportional to vehicle speed. Section §86.161–00 discusses the 

minimum facility requirements and corresponding control tolerances for air conditioning

ambient test conditions. The entire test sequence is run twice; with and without the 

vehicle's air conditioner operating during the SC03 and HFET test cycles. For gasolinefueled Otto-cycle vehicles, the composite samples collected in bags are analyzed for 

THC, CO, CO2, and CH4. For petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles, THC is sampled 

and analyzed continuously according to the provisions of §86.110. Parallel bag samples 

of dilution air are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, and CH4. The following figure shows the 

basic sequence of the test procedure. 

2. Dynamometer requirements. 

Time [min]

4 Hours

45

23

30

10

13

15

23

30

10

13

30

Drain and Fill

Preperation Cycle

Soak for 12 to 36 Hours

Preconditioning - EPA 74

Solar Soak

Bag 1 - SC03 - A/C ON

Vehicle/Site Preperation

Bag 2 - HWY - A/C ON

Soak

Preconditioning - EPA 74

Soak

Bag 3 - SC03 - A/C OFF

Bag 4 - HWY - A/C OFF

Analyze Data
II-17

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

2.1 Tests shall be run on a large single roll electric dynamometer or an 

equivalent dynamometer configuration that satisfies the requirements of §86.108–00.

2.2 Position (vehicle can be driven) the test vehicle on the dynamometer and 

restrain.

2.3 Required dynamometer inertia weight class selections are determined by 

the test vehicle’s test weight basis and corresponding equivalent weight as listed in the 

tabular information of §86.129–00(a) and discussed in §86.129–00 (e) and (f).

2.4 Set the dynamometer test inertia weight and roadload horsepower 

requirements for the test vehicle (see §86.129–00 (e) and (f)). The dynamometer's 

horsepower adjustment settings shall be set such that the force imposed during 

dynamometer operation matches actual road load force at all speeds.

2.5 The vehicle speed as measured from the dynamometer rolls shall be used. 

A speed vs. time recording, as evidence of dynamometer test validity, shall be supplied at 

request of the Executive Officer.

2.6 The drive wheel tires may be inflated up to a gauge pressure of 45 psi (310 

kPa), or the manufacturer's recommended pressure if higher than 45 psi, in order to 

prevent tire damage. The drive wheel tire pressure shall be reported with the test results.

2.7 The driving distance, as measured by counting the number of 

dynamometer roll or shaft revolutions, shall be determined for the test.

2.8 Four-wheel drive and all-wheel drive vehicles may be tested either in a 

four-wheel drive or a two-wheel drive mode of operation. In order to test in the twowheel drive mode, four-wheel drive and all-wheel drive vehicles may have one set of 

drive wheels disengaged; four-wheel and all-wheel drive vehicles which can be shifted to 

a two-wheel mode by the driver may be tested in a two-wheel drive mode of operation.

3. Test cell ambient conditions. 

3.1 Ambient air temperature.

3.1.1 Ambient air temperature is controlled, within the test cell, during all 

phases of the test sequence to 77 ±2 °F on average and 77 ±5 °F as an instantaneous 

measurement.

3.1.2 Air temperature is recorded continuously at a minimum of 30 second 

intervals. Records of cell air temperatures and values of average test temperatures are 

maintained by the manufacturer for all certification related programs.

3.2 Ambient humidity.

3.2.1 Ambient humidity is controlled, within the test cell, during all phases of 

the test sequence to an average of 69 ±5 grains of water/pound of dry air.

3.2.2 Humidity is recorded continuously at a minimum of 30 second intervals. 

Records of cell humidity and values of average test humidity are maintained by the 

manufacturer for all certification related programs.

3.3 Solar heat loading. The requirements of 86.161-00(d) regarding solar 

heat loading specifications shall apply. The solar load of 850 W/m2 is applied only 

during specified portions of the test sequence. 

4. Interior temperature measurement. The interior temperature of the 

vehicle shall be measured during the emission sampling phases of the test(s). 
II-18

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

4.1 Interior temperatures shall be measured by placement of thermocouples at 

the following locations:

4.1.1 The outlet of the center duct on the dash.

4.1.2 Behind the driver and passenger seat headrests. The location of the 

temperature measuring devices shall be 30 mm behind each headrest and 330 mm below 

the roof. 

4.2 The temperature at each location shall be recorded a minimum of every 5 

seconds. 

5. Air conditioning system settings. For the portion of the test where the 

air conditioner is required to be operating the settings shall be as follows:

5.1 Automatic systems shall be set to automatic and the temperature control 

set to 72 °F. 

5.2 Manual systems shall be set at the start of the SC03 drive cycle to full cool 

with the fan on the highest setting and the airflow setting to “recirculation.” Within the 

first idle period of the SC03 drive cycle (186 to 204 seconds) the fan speed shall be 

reduced to the setting closest to 6 volts at the motor, the temperature setting shall be 

adjusted to provide 55 °F at the center dash air outlet, and the airflow setting changed to 

“outside air.” 

6. Vehicle and test activities. The AC17 air conditioning test in an 

environmental test cell is composed of the following sequence of activities. 

6.1 Drain and fill the vehicle's fuel tank to 40 percent capacity with test fuel. 

If a vehicle has gone through the drain and fuel sequence less than 72 hours previously 

and has remained under laboratory ambient temperature conditions, this drain and fill 

operation can be omitted (see §86.132–00(c)(2)(ii)).

6.2.1 Position the variable speed cooling fan in front of the test vehicle with the 

vehicle's hood down. This air flow should provide representative cooling at the front of 

the test vehicle (air conditioning condenser and engine) during the driving cycles. See 

§86.161–00(e) for a discussion of cooling fan specifications.

6.2.2 In the case of vehicles with rear engine compartments (or if this front 

location provides inadequate engine cooling), an additional cooling fan shall be placed in 

a position to provide sufficient air to maintain vehicle cooling. The fan capacity shall 

normally not exceed 5300 cfm (2.50 m3

/s). If, however, it can be demonstrated that 

during road operation the vehicle receives additional cooling, and that such additional 

cooling is needed to provide a representative test, the fan capacity may be increased or 

additional fans used if approved in advance by the Executive Officer.

6.3 Open all vehicle windows.

6.4 Connect the emission test sampling system to the vehicle's exhaust tail 

pipe(s).

6.5 Set the environmental test cell ambient test conditions to the conditions 

defined in paragraph (c) of this section, except that the solar heat shall be off.

6.6 Set the air conditioning system controls to off. 

6.7 Start the vehicle (with air conditioning system off) and conduct a 

preconditioning EPA urban dynamometer driving cycle (§86.115).
II-19

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

6.7.1 If engine stalling should occur during any air conditioning test cycle 

operation, follow the provisions of §86.136–90 (Engine starting and restarting).

6.7.2 For manual transmission vehicles, the vehicle shall be shifted according 

the provisions of §86.128–00.

6.8 Following the preconditioning cycle, the test vehicle and cooling fan(s) 

are turned off, all windows are rolled up, and the vehicle is allowed to soak in the 

ambient conditions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section for 30 ±1 minutes. The solar heat 

system must be turned on and generating 850 W/m2 within 1 minute of turning the engine 

off. 

6.9 Air conditioning on test.

6.9.1 Start engine (with air conditioning system also running). Fifteen seconds 

after the engine starts, place vehicle in gear.

6.9.2 Eighteen seconds after the engine starts, begin the initial vehicle 

acceleration of the SC03 driving schedule.

6.9.3 Operate the vehicle according to the SC03 driving schedule, as described 

in 40 CFR Part 86 Appendix I, paragraph (h), while sampling the exhaust gas. 

6.9.4 At the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to occur at 594 seconds, 

simultaneously switch the sample flows from the SC03 bags and samples to the 

“HWFET” bags and samples, switch off gas flow measuring device No. 1, switch off the 

No. 1 petroleum-fueled diesel hydrocarbon integrator, mark the petroleum-fueled diesel 

hydrocarbon recorder chart, and start gas flow measuring device No. 2, and start the 

petroleum-fueled diesel hydrocarbon integrator No. 2. 

6.9.5 Allow the vehicle to idle for 14-16 seconds. Before the end of this idle 

period, record the measured roll or shaft revolutions and reset the counter or switch to a 

second counter. As soon as possible transfer the SC03 exhaust and dilution air samples to 

the analytical system and process the samples according to §86.140 obtaining a stabilized 

reading of the bag exhaust sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes of the end of the 

sample collection phase of the test. Obtain methanol and formaldehyde sample analyses, 

if applicable, within 24 hours of the end of the sample collection phase of the test.

6.9.6 Operate the vehicle according to the HWFET driving schedule, as 

described in 40 CFR 600.109-08, while sampling the exhaust gas.

6.9.7 Turn the engine off 2 seconds after the end of the last deceleration. 

6.9.8 Five seconds after the engine stops running, simultaneously turn off gas 

flow measuring device No. 2 and if applicable, turn off the petroleum-fueled diesel 

hydrocarbon integrator No. 2, mark the hydrocarbon recorder chart, and position the 

sample selector valves to the “standby” position. Record the measured roll or shaft 

revolutions (both gas meter or flow measurement instrumentation readings), and re-set 

the counter. As soon as possible, transfer the HWFET exhaust and dilution air samples to 

the analytical system and process the samples according to §86.140, obtaining a 

stabilized reading of the exhaust bag sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes of the end 

of the sample collection phase of the test. Obtain methanol and formaldehyde sample 

analyses, if applicable, within 24 hours of the end of the sample period. 

6.10 Air conditioning off test. The air conditioning off test is identical to the 

steps identified in paragraphs 6.1 through 6.9 of this section, except that the air 

conditioning system and fan speeds are set to complete off or the lowest. It is preferred 
II-20

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

that the air conditioning off test be conducted sequentially after the air conditioning on 

test, following a 10-15 minute soak. 
II-21

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

B. Subpart C - Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled

New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty 

Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures.

86.201-11 General applicability. December 27, 2006.

200.1 California applicability.

Amend subparagraph 86.201-94(a) as follows: This subpart describes procedures for 

determining the cold temperature carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from 2015 and later model 

year new passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles (excluding natural gas, 

diesel-fueled, and zero-emission vehicles).

86.202-94 Definitions. July 17, 1992.

86.203-94 Abbreviations. July 17, 1992.

86.204-94 Section number construction. July 17, 1992.

86.205-11 Introduction; structure of subpart. December 27, 2006.

86.206-11 Equipment required; overview. December 27, 2006.

200.2 California Equipment Required; Overview.

Amend §86.206-11, as follows:

This subpart contains procedures for exhaust emission tests on passenger cars, light-duty 

trucks, and medium-duty vehicles (excluding natural gas, diesel-fueled, and zero-emission 

vehicles.) Equipment required and specifications are as follows:

(a)(1) Exhaust emission tests. Exhaust from vehicles (excluding natural gas, 

diesel-fueled, and zero-emission vehicles) is tested for gaseous emissions using the Constant 

Volume Sampler (CVS) concept (§86.209). Equipment necessary and specifications appear in 

40 CFR Part 86, §§86.208 through 86.214.

(a)(2) Fuel, analytical gas, and driving schedule specifications. Fuel specifications for 

exhaust emission testing for gasoline-fueled vehicles are specified in 40 CFR Part 86, §86.213. 

As an option, a manufacturer may utilize the fuel specified in §86.213 with the sulfur content 

limited to 30-40 ppm by weight. Fuel specifications for exhaust emission testing for 

alcohol-fueled vehicles and liquefied petroleum gas vehicles are specified in Part II, Section 

A.100.3 of these test procedures. Analytical gases are specified in 40 CFR Part 86, §86.214. 

The EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) for use in emission tests is specified in 

40 CFR Part 86, §86.215 and appendix I to this part. 

86.208-94 Dynamometer. July 17, 1992.

86.209-94 Exhaust gas sampling system; gasoline-fueled vehicles. July 17, 1992.

86.211-94 Exhaust gas analytical system. December 27, 2006.

86.213-11 Fuel specifications. December 27, 2006.

86.214-94 Analytical gases. July 17, 1992.

86.215-94 EPA urban dynamometer driving schedule. July 17, 1992.

86.216-94 Calibrations, frequency and overview. July 17, 1992.

86.218-94 Dynamometer calibration. July 17, 1992.

86.219-94 CVS calibration. July 17, 1992.
II-22

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

86.221-94 Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration. July 17, 1992.

86.222-94 Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration. July 17, 1992.

86.223-94 Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration. July 17, 1992.

86.224-94 Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration. July 17, 1992.

86.226-94 Calibration of other equipment. July 17, 1992.

86.227-94 Test procedures; overview. July 17, 1992.

86.228-94 Transmissions. July 17, 1992.

86.229-94 Road load force, test weight, and inertia weight class determination. July 17, 

1992.

86.230-94 Test Sequence; general requirements. July 17, 1992.

86.230-11 Test Sequence; general requirements. December 27, 2006.

86.231-94 Vehicle Preparation. July 17, 1992.

86.232-94 Vehicle Preconditioning. July 17, 1992.

86.235-94 Dynamometer procedure. July 17, 1992.

86.236-94 Engine starting and restarting. July 17, 1992.

86.237-08 Dynamometer test run, gaseous emissions. December 27, 2006.

86.240-94 Exhaust sample analysis. July 17, 1992.

86.242-94 Records required. July 17, 1992.

86.244-94 Calculations; exhaust emissions. February 21, 2007.

86.246-94 Intermediate temperature testing. July 17, 1992. 

Appendix I to Part 86 -- Urban Dynamometer Schedules. April 29, 1998.
II-23

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

C. 50oF Emission Test Procedure. 

The NMOG, CO, NOx, and formaldehyde emissions from all light- and medium-duty 

vehicles shall be measured according to the Federal Test Procedure as set forth in Subpart B, 40 

CFR Part 86 at a nominal temperature of 50oF with the following modifications:

(1) Test Procedure.

(a) The test vehicles shall not be subject to a diurnal heat build prior to the 

cold start exhaust test or evaporative emission testing.

(b) Following a 12 to 36 hour cold soak at a nominal temperature of 50oF, the 

nominal preconditioning, soak, and test temperatures shall be maintained within 3oF of 

the nominal temperature on an average basis and within 5o

F of the nominal temperature 

on a continuous basis. The temperature shall be sampled at least once every 15 seconds 

during the preconditioning and test periods and at least once each 5 minutes during the 

soak period. A continuous strip chart recording of the temperature with these minimum 

time resolutions is an acceptable alternative to employing a data acquisition system.

(c) The test site temperature shall be measured at the inlet of the vehicle 

cooling fan used for testing.

(d) The test vehicle may be fueled before the preconditioning procedure in a 

fueling area maintained within a temperature range of 68 to 86o

F. The requirement to 

saturate the evaporative control canister(s) shall not apply.

(e) If a soak area remote from the test site is used, the vehicle may pass 

through an area maintained within a temperature range of 68 to 86o

F during a time 

interval not to exceed 10 minutes. In such cases, the vehicle shall be restabilized to 50oF 

by soaking the vehicle in the nominal 50oF test area for six times as long as the exposure 

time to the higher temperature area, prior to starting the emission test.

(f) The vehicle shall be approximately level during all phases of the test 

sequence to prevent abnormal fuel distribution.
II-24

As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

D. Unified Cycle Driving Schedule.

[This page left intentionally blank for formatting purposes.]
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 II-25

Unified Test Cycle

(Speed vs Time Sequence)

Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed

(sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph)

1 0 74 12.3 147 20 220 0 293 0 366 45.3 439 60.3 512 28

2 0 75 8.1 148 23 221 0 294 0 367 46.5 440 60.3 513 26.5

3 0 76 6.1 149 25.7 222 0 295 0 368 48 441 60.3 514 24.2

4 0 77 9.6 150 28 223 0 296 0 369 48.8 442 59.5 515 22.7

5 0 78 12.7 151 30.7 224 0 297 0 370 49.5 443 58.8 516 20.4

6 0 79 15.7 152 32.6 225 0 298 0 371 49.9 444 59.1 517 17.7

7 0 80 18 153 34.2 226 0 299 0 372 49.9 445 58.8 518 15.7

8 0 81 20.4 154 35.3 227 0 300 0 373 49.9 446 58.8 519 13.1

9 0 82 21.9 155 36.9 228 0 301 0 374 49.5 447 58.8 520 10.8

10 0 83 23.4 156 36.9 229 0 302 0 375 49.5 448 58.4 521 8.4

11 0 84 23.8 157 37.2 230 0 303 0 376 48.8 449 58 522 7.3

12 0 85 24.6 158 37.6 231 0 304 0 377 48.8 450 58 523 5

13 0 86 25 159 37.6 232 0 305 0 378 48.8 451 58 524 3.8

14 0 87 26.1 160 37.6 233 0 306 0 379 48.4 452 58.4 525 3.5

15 0 88 26.1 161 37.2 234 0 307 0 380 48.8 453 59.1 526 1.9

16 0 89 26.9 162 37.2 235 0 308 0 381 49.5 454 59.5 527 0.8

17 0 90 26.9 163 36.9 236 0 309 0 382 50.3 455 59.9 528 0

18 0 91 26.9 164 36.5 237 0 310 0 383 50.7 456 59.9 529 0

19 0 92 26.5 165 36.5 238 1.5 311 0 384 51.8 457 60.3 530 0

20 0 93 25.7 166 34.9 239 5 312 0 385 52.6 458 61.1 531 0.8

21 1.2 94 21.9 167 33.4 240 8.8 313 0.4 386 53.4 459 61.1 532 1.9

22 4.2 95 16.5 168 31.9 241 11.5 314 2.7 387 54.1 460 61.1 533 3.8

23 7.3 96 10 169 29.2 242 14.2 315 7.3 388 55.3 461 61.4 534 6.9

24 8.8 97 4.6 170 25 243 15.4 316 11.5 389 55.3 462 61.4 535 9.6

25 10.8 98 1.5 171 25 244 16.1 317 15.4 390 56.1 463 61.1 536 11.1

26 12.3 99 0.4 172 26.1 245 16.1 318 18.4 391 56.4 464 60.7 537 11.1

27 13.1 100 0 173 27.6 246 16.9 319 20.7 392 56.4 465 59.9 538 10.4

28 12.3 101 0 174 29.2 247 16.5 320 24.2 393 56.4 466 59.1 539 8.8

29 12.3 102 0 175 31.1 248 16.9 321 26.9 394 57.2 467 59.1 540 9.2

30 11.5 103 0 176 32.3 249 18 322 29.6 395 56.8 468 59.1 541 10

31 11.5 104 0 177 34.2 250 19.2 323 31.1 396 57.6 469 59.9 542 10.4

32 11.1 105 0 178 34.9 251 20.4 324 32.6 397 57.6 470 59.5 543 10.4

33 11.1 106 0 179 35.7 252 20.4 325 33.8 398 57.6 471 59.9 544 5.4

34 11.1 107 0 180 36.5 253 21.1 326 34.9 399 58 472 58.8 545 1.9

35 13.1 108 0.4 181 36.9 254 21.1 327 36.9 400 58 473 58 546 0

36 15 109 1.2 182 36.9 255 22.3 328 39.2 401 58.4 474 57.6 547 0

37 16.9 110 1.9 183 37.2 256 23 329 41.1 402 58.4 475 56.8 548 0

38 16.9 111 3.8 184 37.6 257 23.8 330 43 403 58.8 476 56.1 549 0

39 16.1 112 7.7 185 37.2 258 24.2 331 43.8 404 59.1 477 55.3 550 0

40 15.7 113 11.5 186 37.6 259 24.6 332 44.5 405 58.8 478 54.1 551 0

41 15.4 114 14.6 187 38 260 25 333 45.3 406 58.8 479 52.6 552 0

42 15 115 18 188 38.4 261 25.7 334 45.3 407 58 480 49.2 553 0

43 13.8 116 21.5 189 39.2 262 25.7 335 44.9 408 58 481 46.1 554 0

44 10.8 117 25 190 39.6 263 26.5 336 44.5 409 57.6 482 43 555 0

45 8.4 118 28.4 191 39.9 264 27.6 337 43.8 410 57.6 483 37.2 556 0

46 6.1 119 30.7 192 40.7 265 28.4 338 43.4 411 57.6 484 29.6 557 0

47 4.2 120 31.9 193 40.3 266 29.2 339 42.6 412 57.6 485 21.5 558 0

48 3.5 121 32.3 194 41.1 267 30.3 340 41.9 413 57.6 486 16.5 559 0

49 3.5 122 32.3 195 41.1 268 31.1 341 41.5 414 59.1 487 15.7 560 0

50 1.5 123 31.9 196 40.7 269 31.1 342 40.7 415 59.5 488 18.4 561 0

51 0 124 30.3 197 31.9 270 30.7 343 40.3 416 59.9 489 21.5 562 0

52 0 125 28 198 23.9 271 31.1 344 41.1 417 60.3 490 25 563 0

53 0 126 24.2 199 15.9 272 29.6 345 41.5 418 60.3 491 27.3 564 0

54 0 127 20 200 7.9 273 29.2 346 42.6 419 61.1 492 29.2 565 0

55 0 128 16.1 201 2.7 274 29.2 347 43.4 420 60.3 493 30.7 566 0

56 0 129 11.5 202 0.4 275 28.8 348 44.2 421 59.9 494 31.5 567 0

57 0 130 8.1 203 0.4 276 28 349 44.9 422 59.5 495 31.1 568 0

58 0 131 5 204 2.7 277 23 350 45.7 423 59.1 496 31.1 569 0

59 0 132 3.5 205 3.8 278 21.1 351 46.5 424 59.1 497 30.3 570 0

60 0 133 1.9 206 3.8 279 21.5 352 46.8 425 59.5 498 30 571 0

61 0 134 0 207 1.5 280 20.7 353 47.2 426 59.5 499 30 572 0.4

62 0 135 0 208 0 281 20.7 354 48 427 59.5 500 29.6 573 1.5

63 1.2 136 0 209 0 282 19.6 355 47.6 428 59.9 501 30 574 3.5

64 3.5 137 0 210 0 283 16.5 356 48.4 429 60.3 502 28.8 575 6.1

65 7.7 138 0 211 0 284 13.1 357 48 430 60.7 503 28.8 576 10.4

66 11.1 139 0 212 0 285 9.6 358 47.2 431 60.7 504 28 577 14.2

67 13.8 140 0 213 0 286 7.3 359 46.1 432 61.4 505 28.4 578 16.9

68 16.5 141 0 214 0 287 3.8 360 45.7 433 61.8 506 28 579 19.2

69 18.4 142 0 215 0 288 0.8 361 44.9 434 61.8 507 28.4 580 20

70 20.4 143 1.5 216 0 289 0 362 44.2 435 61.8 508 28.4 581 21.5

71 20.7 144 6.9 217 0 290 0 363 43.8 436 61.8 509 28.8 582 23.4

72 19.6 145 12.7 218 0 291 0 364 44.5 437 61.1 510 28.4 583 24.6

73 17.3 146 16.5 219 0 292 0 365 44.9 438 60.7 511 28.4 584 24.2
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

II-21

Unified Test Cycle

(Speed vs Time Sequence)

Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed

(sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph)

585 20 658 33 731 4.2 804 20.4 877 62.2 950 16.5 1023 0.4 1096 9.6

586 16.9 659 34.2 732 1.2 805 18.8 878 62.2 951 15 1024 2.7 1097 8.8

587 13.4 660 34.6 733 0 806 17.3 879 62.6 952 11.9 1025 6.1 1098 10.8

588 13.4 661 35.3 734 0 807 15 880 63.7 953 9.6 1026 9.2 1099 12.7

589 15.7 662 36.1 735 0 808 13.1 881 64.5 954 8.4 1027 11.5 1100 14.2

590 18.4 663 36.1 736 0 809 9.2 882 64.9 955 5.8 1028 14.2 1101 14.6

591 21.1 664 36.9 737 0 810 6.9 883 66 956 1.2 1029 16.1 1102 13.1

592 23.4 665 36.9 738 0 811 4.6 884 66 957 0 1030 18 1103 11.1

593 25.3 666 37.6 739 0 812 4.6 885 66.8 958 0 1031 20 1104 11.1

594 27.6 667 37.6 740 0 813 4.6 886 66.4 959 0 1032 21.5 1105 11.1

595 28.8 668 38.4 741 0 814 4.2 887 66.8 960 1.2 1033 23 1106 13.1

596 30.3 669 38 742 0 815 5.4 888 67.2 961 3.1 1034 24.2 1107 15.7

597 30.7 670 37.6 743 0 816 4.6 889 66.4 962 5 1035 25 1108 18.4

598 31.5 671 37.6 744 0 817 3.5 890 66.4 963 8.4 1036 25.7 1109 20.7

599 31.1 672 37.2 745 0 818 2.3 891 66 964 11.5 1037 26.9 1110 23.8

600 31.1 673 36.9 746 0 819 2.3 892 65.7 965 14.6 1038 27.6 1111 25.7

601 30.3 674 36.1 747 0 820 1.9 893 65.7 966 16.9 1039 27.6 1112 28

602 30.3 675 35.7 748 0 821 3.1 894 66.4 967 18.8 1040 28.4 1113 30

603 30.3 676 36.1 749 0 822 6.1 895 66 968 21.1 1041 29.2 1114 31.1

604 30.7 677 35.7 750 0 823 4.6 896 65.7 969 23.8 1042 29.2 1115 32.3

605 31.1 678 35.7 751 0 824 2.7 897 65.3 970 26.5 1043 30 1116 34.2

606 32.3 679 35.7 752 0 825 2.3 898 65.3 971 28 1044 29.6 1117 35.7

607 32.6 680 36.1 753 0 826 2.3 899 64.5 972 29.6 1045 29.6 1118 36.9

608 32.6 681 36.1 754 0 827 3.1 900 64.5 973 30.7 1046 28.8 1119 38.8

609 32.6 682 35.7 755 0 828 4.2 901 64.1 974 32.6 1047 28 1120 40.3

610 31.1 683 35.7 756 0 829 3.5 902 63.7 975 34.2 1048 23.8 1121 41.5

611 26.9 684 34.9 757 0 830 3.8 903 63.7 976 35.3 1049 18.8 1122 42.2

612 22.3 685 34.6 758 0 831 4.2 904 63.7 977 36.1 1050 11.9 1123 43

613 18 686 34.2 759 0 832 3.5 905 64.5 978 36.9 1051 6.1 1124 43.8

614 13.8 687 33.8 760 0 833 3.5 906 64.5 979 38 1052 1.5 1125 43.8

615 9.6 688 33.4 761 0 834 3.5 907 64.9 980 38 1053 1.5 1126 43.4

616 4.6 689 33 762 0 835 4.6 908 64.5 981 38 1054 4.2 1127 43

617 6.1 690 30.3 763 1.5 836 5.8 909 64.1 982 38 1055 8.1 1128 42.2

618 10 691 29.2 764 5.4 837 3.5 910 64.9 983 38 1056 10.4 1129 41.9

619 14.2 692 28.4 765 9.2 838 0.8 911 65.3 984 37.2 1057 13.1 1130 41.5

620 17.3 693 25 766 11.5 839 3.5 912 65.3 985 36.9 1058 15.4 1131 41.9

621 20 694 21.1 767 14.6 840 3.8 913 65.3 986 36.1 1059 18 1132 41.9

622 21.5 695 16.9 768 17.3 841 2.3 914 64.1 987 35.7 1060 20.4 1133 41.9

623 22.3 696 13.4 769 19.2 842 0 915 63.4 988 34.9 1061 23 1134 42.2

624 22.3 697 13.1 770 21.1 843 1.2 916 63 989 34.9 1062 25.3 1135 42.6

625 22.3 698 12.3 771 20.7 844 6.9 917 63.4 990 33.8 1063 27.3 1136 42.6

626 22.3 699 12.7 772 20.7 845 13.8 918 64.1 991 31.5 1064 28.8 1137 42.6

627 23 700 15.7 773 19.6 846 18.8 919 64.9 992 28.8 1065 30.3 1138 42.6

628 23 701 19.2 774 18.4 847 23.8 920 65.3 993 25.7 1066 31.1 1139 42.6

629 22.7 702 22.3 775 16.9 848 27.3 921 64.5 994 24.6 1067 32.3 1140 42.6

630 22.3 703 24.6 776 16.9 849 30.7 922 64.1 995 23.4 1068 31.9 1141 42.6

631 21.9 704 25.7 777 16.5 850 33.8 923 63.4 996 22.3 1069 32.3 1142 42.2

632 22.7 705 26.5 778 16.9 851 37.6 924 63.7 997 21.5 1070 31.9 1143 43

633 23.8 706 26.5 779 16.9 852 40.7 925 63.4 998 20 1071 31.1 1144 43.4

634 25 707 26.9 780 16.9 853 43.8 926 63.4 999 20 1072 28.8 1145 43

635 25.3 708 27.3 781 17.3 854 46.1 927 63.4 1000 19.2 1073 25 1146 42.6

636 25.7 709 27.3 782 19.2 855 48 928 63.4 1001 19.2 1074 22.7 1147 41.9

637 26.5 710 27.6 783 20.4 856 49.5 929 63.7 1002 18 1075 18.8 1148 40.7

638 26.9 711 28.4 784 21.1 857 51.5 930 64.5 1003 11.9 1076 15.4 1149 36.9

639 27.3 712 28.8 785 22.3 858 53 931 65.3 1004 6.9 1077 13.4 1150 32.6

640 28 713 28.8 786 22.3 859 54.5 932 64.9 1005 2.7 1078 11.9 1151 28

641 29.2 714 29.2 787 22.7 860 55.7 933 63.7 1006 0.8 1079 8.8 1152 23.4

642 30 715 28.8 788 22.3 861 56.8 934 63 1007 0.4 1080 5 1153 18.4

643 30 716 28.8 789 22.7 862 58 935 59.9 1008 0 1081 1.9 1154 14.6

644 29.6 717 28 790 22.3 863 59.1 936 55.3 1009 0 1082 2.3 1155 12.3

645 29.6 718 28 791 23.8 864 60.3 937 50.7 1010 0 1083 2.7 1156 9.2

646 28.8 719 27.6 792 25.7 865 61.1 938 49.2 1011 0 1084 3.5 1157 5.8

647 28.4 720 26.5 793 27.6 866 61.8 939 48 1012 0 1085 6.5 1158 1.9

648 28 721 24.6 794 29.6 867 61.8 940 46.1 1013 0 1086 10.8 1159 0.4

649 27.3 722 20.7 795 30 868 61.8 941 44.2 1014 0 1087 13.8 1160 0

650 25.7 723 16.5 796 29.2 869 61.8 942 41.1 1015 0 1088 16.1 1161 0

651 24.6 724 15 797 27.6 870 62.6 943 39.9 1016 0 1089 18.4 1162 0

652 25 725 14.2 798 25 871 63.4 944 36.1 1017 0 1090 20.4 1163 0

653 26.5 726 14.2 799 23.8 872 63 945 32.6 1018 0 1091 21.9 1164 0

654 28 727 13.8 800 23.4 873 63 946 29.2 1019 0 1092 21.9 1165 0.4

655 29.6 728 13.8 801 24.2 874 62.6 947 24.6 1020 0 1093 20.7 1166 4.2

656 30.7 729 11.9 802 23.4 875 61.8 948 20.7 1021 0 1094 17.3 1167 9.2

657 32.3 730 8.4 803 23 876 61.8 949 19.2 1022 0 1095 13.1 1168 11.9
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

II-27

Unified Test Cycle

(Speed vs Time Sequence)

Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed

(sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph)

1169 14.2 1240 3.5 1311 40.7 1382 2.7 1453 0 1524 26.9 1595 37.6 1666 0

1170 15.7 1241 10.4 1312 40.3 1383 2.3 1454 0 1525 26.9 1596 37.2 1667 0

1171 15 1242 15.4 1313 39.6 1384 1.5 1455 0 1526 26.9 1597 37.2 1668 0

1172 14.2 1243 17.3 1314 39.2 1385 1.2 1456 1.2 1527 26.5 1598 36.9 1669 0

1173 13.4 1244 17.3 1315 38.8 1386 0 1457 4.2 1528 25.7 1599 36.5 1670 0

1174 13.8 1245 18.4 1316 38 1387 1.2 1458 7.3 1529 21.9 1600 36.5 1671 0

1175 14.6 1246 21.5 1317 37.6 1388 4.2 1459 8.8 1530 16.5 1601 34.9 1672 0

1176 14.6 1247 24.6 1318 37.2 1389 7.3 1460 10.8 1531 10 1602 33.4 1673 1.5

1177 14.2 1248 27.3 1319 36.5 1390 8.8 1461 12.3 1532 4.6 1603 31.9 1674 5

1178 16.1 1249 30 1320 34.6 1391 10.8 1462 13.1 1533 1.5 1604 29.2 1675 8.8

1179 15.7 1250 31.5 1321 31.5 1392 12.3 1463 12.3 1534 0.4 1605 25 1676 11.5

1180 15.7 1251 31.9 1322 29.6 1393 13.1 1464 12.3 1535 0 1606 25 1677 14.2

1181 14.6 1252 32.6 1323 29.2 1394 12.3 1465 11.5 1536 0 1607 26.1 1678 15.4

1182 13.1 1253 33.4 1324 28.8 1395 12.3 1466 11.5 1537 0 1608 27.6 1679 16.1

1183 10 1254 34.9 1325 28.8 1396 11.5 1467 11.1 1538 0 1609 29.2 1680 16.1

1184 7.3 1255 36.5 1326 28 1397 11.5 1468 11.1 1539 0 1610 31.1 1681 16.9

1185 3.5 1256 37.6 1327 28 1398 11.1 1469 11.1 1540 0 1611 32.3 1682 16.5

1186 0.8 1257 39.2 1328 28.4 1399 11.1 1470 13.1 1541 0 1612 34.2 1683 16.9

1187 0 1258 40.3 1329 29.6 1400 11.1 1471 15 1542 0 1613 34.9 1684 18

1188 0 1259 40.7 1330 30 1401 13.1 1472 16.9 1543 0.4 1614 35.7 1685 19.2

1189 0 1260 41.1 1331 30.3 1402 15 1473 16.9 1544 1.2 1615 36.5 1686 20.4

1190 0 1261 40.7 1332 29.2 1403 16.9 1474 16.1 1545 1.9 1616 36.9 1687 20.4

1191 0.4 1262 40.7 1333 26.5 1404 16.9 1475 15.7 1546 3.8 1617 36.9 1688 21.1

1192 2.7 1263 40.7 1334 25.3 1405 16.1 1476 15.4 1547 7.7 1618 37.2 1689 21.1

1193 7.3 1264 41.5 1335 25 1406 15.7 1477 15 1548 11.5 1619 37.6 1690 22.3

1194 11.5 1265 42.6 1336 24.6 1407 15.4 1478 13.8 1549 14.6 1620 37.2 1691 23

1195 15.4 1266 43 1337 24.6 1408 15 1479 10.8 1550 18 1621 37.6 1692 23.8

1196 19.2 1267 44.5 1338 25.3 1409 13.8 1480 8.4 1551 21.5 1622 38 1693 24.2

1197 21.9 1268 45.3 1339 26.1 1410 10.8 1481 6.1 1552 25 1623 38.4 1694 24.6

1198 23.8 1269 45.3 1340 27.3 1411 8.4 1482 4.2 1553 28.4 1624 39.2 1695 25

1199 25 1270 44.9 1341 28.4 1412 6.1 1483 3.5 1554 30.7 1625 39.6 1696 25.7

1200 26.1 1271 43.4 1342 29.2 1413 4.2 1484 3.5 1555 31.9 1626 39.9 1697 25.7

1201 27.3 1272 40.3 1343 29.2 1414 3.5 1485 1.5 1556 32.3 1627 40.7 1698 26.5

1202 28.8 1273 38 1344 29.6 1415 3.5 1486 0 1557 32.3 1628 40.3 1699 27.6

1203 30 1274 36.1 1345 30 1416 1.5 1487 0 1558 31.9 1629 41.1 1700 28.4

1204 29.6 1275 36.5 1346 31.1 1417 0 1488 0 1559 30.3 1630 41.1 1701 29.2

1205 29.6 1276 38 1347 32.6 1418 0 1489 0 1560 28 1631 40.7 1702 30.3

1206 28.8 1277 39.2 1348 33.8 1419 0 1490 0 1561 24.2 1632 31.9 1703 31.1

1207 26.1 1278 40.7 1349 34.6 1420 0 1491 0 1562 20 1633 23.9 1704 31.1

1208 22.3 1279 42.2 1350 34.9 1421 0 1492 0 1563 16.1 1634 15.9 1705 30.7

1209 19.2 1280 43.4 1351 34.6 1422 0 1493 0 1564 11.5 1635 7.9 1706 31.1

1210 16.5 1281 44.9 1352 34.9 1423 0 1494 0 1565 8.1 1636 2.7 1707 29.6

1211 12.7 1282 45.7 1353 34.6 1424 0 1495 0 1566 5 1637 0.4 1708 29.2

1212 9.6 1283 46.1 1354 34.9 1425 0 1496 0 1567 3.5 1638 0.4 1709 29.2

1213 6.9 1284 46.8 1355 34.9 1426 0 1497 0 1568 1.9 1639 2.7 1710 28.8

1214 4.2 1285 46.5 1356 34.9 1427 0 1498 1.2 1569 0 1640 3.8 1711 28

1215 2.3 1286 46.5 1357 34.2 1428 0 1499 3.5 1570 0 1641 3.8 1712 23

1216 0.8 1287 46.5 1358 33.8 1429 0 1500 7.7 1571 0 1642 1.5 1713 21.1

1217 0 1288 46.1 1359 32.6 1430 0 1501 11.1 1572 0 1643 0 1714 21.5

1218 0 1289 46.1 1360 31.5 1431 0 1502 13.8 1573 0 1644 0 1715 20.7

1219 0 1290 46.1 1361 30 1432 0 1503 16.5 1574 0 1645 0 1716 20.7

1220 0 1291 46.8 1362 28.8 1433 0 1504 18.4 1575 0 1646 0 1717 19.6

1221 0 1292 47.6 1363 27.3 1434 0 1505 20.4 1576 0 1647 0 1718 16.5

1222 0 1293 48 1364 23.8 1435 0 1506 20.7 1577 0 1648 0 1719 13.1

1223 0 1294 48.4 1365 23 1436 0 1507 19.6 1578 1.5 1649 0 1720 9.6

1224 0 1295 48 1366 23 1437 0 1508 17.3 1579 6.9 1650 0 1721 7.3

1225 0 1296 48 1367 22.3 1438 0 1509 12.3 1580 12.7 1651 0 1722 3.8

1226 0 1297 47.2 1368 20.4 1439 0 1510 8.1 1581 16.5 1652 0 1723 0.8

1227 0 1298 46.5 1369 18.8 1440 0 1511 6.1 1582 20 1653 0 1724 0

1228 0 1299 46.8 1370 17.7 1441 0 1512 9.6 1583 23 1654 0 1725 0

1229 0 1300 47.2 1371 16.1 1442 0 1513 12.7 1584 25.7 1655 0 1726 0

1230 0 1301 48.4 1372 14.6 1443 0 1514 15.7 1585 28 1656 0 1727 0

1231 0 1302 48.4 1373 12.7 1444 0 1515 18 1586 30.7 1657 0 1728 0

1232 0 1303 48.8 1374 11.1 1445 0 1516 20.4 1587 32.6 1658 0 1729 0

1233 0 1304 48.4 1375 9.2 1446 0 1517 21.9 1588 34.2 1659 0 1730 0

1234 0 1305 47.6 1376 8.8 1447 0 1518 23.4 1589 35.3 1660 0 1731 0

1235 0 1306 46.5 1377 7.3 1448 0 1519 23.8 1590 36.9 1661 0 1732 0

1236 0 1307 44.2 1378 6.1 1449 0 1520 24.6 1591 36.9 1662 0 1733 0

1237 0 1308 42.2 1379 5 1450 0 1521 25 1592 37.2 1663 0 1734 0

1238 0 1309 41.5 1380 4.2 1451 0 1522 26.1 1593 37.6 1664 0 1735 0

1239 0 1310 41.1 1381 3.5 1452 0 1523 26.1 1594 37.6 1665 0
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

II-28

E. Highway Driving Schedule.

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As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

II-29

Highway Test Cycle

(Speed vs Time Sequence)

Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed

(sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph)

1 0 74 47.2 147 42 220 43.1 293 30.6 366 56.9 439 58 512 54

2 0 75 47.3 148 43.1 221 43.2 294 29.6 367 56.9 440 57.9 513 54

3 2.0 76 47.2 149 43.7 222 43.4 295 28.8 368 57 441 57.9 514 54

4 4.9 77 47.1 150 44.1 223 43.9 296 28.4 369 57 442 57.9 515 54

5 8.1 78 47 151 44.3 224 44.3 297 28.6 370 57 443 57.9 516 54

6 11.3 79 46.9 152 44.4 225 44.7 298 29.5 371 57 444 57.9 517 54.1

7 14.5 80 46.9 153 44.6 226 45.1 299 31.4 372 57 445 58 518 54.2

8 17.3 81 46.9 154 44.7 227 45.4 300 33.4 373 57 446 58.1 519 54.5

9 19.6 82 47 155 44.9 228 45.8 301 35.6 374 57 447 58.1 520 54.8

10 21.8 83 47.1 156 45.2 229 46.5 302 37.5 375 57 448 58.2 521 54.9

11 24 84 47.1 157 45.7 230 46.9 303 39.1 376 57 449 58.2 522 55

12 25.8 85 47.2 158 45.9 231 47.2 304 40.2 377 56.9 450 58.2 523 55.1

13 27.1 86 47.1 159 46.3 232 47.4 305 41.1 378 56.8 451 58.1 524 55.2

14 28 87 47 160 46.8 233 47.3 306 41.8 379 56.5 452 58 525 55.2

15 29 88 46.9 161 46.9 234 47.3 307 42.4 380 56.2 453 58 526 55.3

16 30 89 46.5 162 47 235 47.2 308 42.8 381 56 454 58 527 55.4

17 30.7 90 46.3 163 47.1 236 47.2 309 43.3 382 56 455 58 528 55.5

18 31.5 91 46.2 164 47.6 237 47.2 310 43.8 383 56 456 58 529 55.6

19 32.2 92 46.3 165 47.9 238 47.1 311 44.3 384 56.1 457 58 530 55.7

20 32.9 93 46.5 166 48 239 47 312 44.7 385 56.4 458 57.9 531 55.8

21 33.5 94 46.9 167 48 240 47 313 45 386 56.7 459 57.9 532 55.9

22 34.1 95 47.1 168 47.9 241 46.9 314 45.2 387 56.9 460 58 533 56

23 34.6 96 47.4 169 47.8 242 46.8 315 45.4 388 57.1 461 58.1 534 56

24 34.9 97 47.7 170 47.3 243 46.9 316 45.5 389 57.3 462 58.1 535 56

25 35.1 98 48 171 46.7 244 47 317 45.8 390 57.4 463 58.2 536 56

26 35.7 99 48.2 172 46.2 245 47.2 318 46 391 57.4 464 58.3 537 56

27 35.9 100 48.5 173 45.9 246 47.5 319 46.1 392 57.2 465 58.3 538 56

28 35.8 101 48.8 174 45.7 247 47.9 320 46.5 393 57 466 58.3 539 56

29 35.3 102 49.1 175 45.5 248 48 321 46.8 394 56.9 467 58.2 540 56

30 34.9 103 49.2 176 45.4 249 48 322 47.1 395 56.6 468 58.1 541 56

31 34.5 104 49.1 177 45.3 250 48 323 47.7 396 56.3 469 58 542 56

32 34.6 105 49.1 178 45 251 48 324 48.3 397 56.1 470 57.8 543 56

33 34.8 106 49 179 44 252 48 325 49 398 56.4 471 57.5 544 56

34 35.1 107 49 180 43.1 253 48.1 326 49.7 399 56.7 472 57.1 545 56

35 35.7 108 49.1 181 42.2 254 48.2 327 50.3 400 57.1 473 57 546 56

36 36.1 109 49.2 182 41.5 255 48.2 328 51 401 57.5 474 56.6 547 55.9

37 36.2 110 49.3 183 41.5 256 48.1 329 51.7 402 57.8 475 56.1 548 55.9

38 36.5 111 49.4 184 42.1 257 48.6 330 52.4 403 58 476 56 549 55.9

39 36.7 112 49.5 185 42.9 258 48.9 331 53.1 404 58 477 55.8 550 55.8

40 36.9 113 49.5 186 43.5 259 49.1 332 53.8 405 58 478 55.5 551 55.6

41 37 114 49.5 187 43.9 260 49.1 333 54.5 406 58 479 55.2 552 55.4

42 37 115 49.4 188 43.6 261 49.1 334 55.2 407 58 480 55.1 553 55.2

43 37 116 49.1 189 43.3 262 49.1 335 55.8 408 58 481 55 554 55.1

44 37 117 48.9 190 43 263 49.1 336 56.4 409 57.9 482 54.9 555 55

45 37 118 48.6 191 43.1 264 49 337 56.9 410 57.8 483 54.9 556 54.9

46 37 119 48.4 192 43.4 265 48.9 338 57 411 57.7 484 54.9 557 54.6

47 37.1 120 48.1 193 43.9 266 48.2 339 57.1 412 57.7 485 54.9 558 54.4

48 37.3 121 47.7 194 44.3 267 47.7 340 57.3 413 57.8 486 54.9 559 54.2

49 37.8 122 47.4 195 44.6 268 47.5 341 57.6 414 57.9 487 54.9 560 54.1

50 38.6 123 47.3 196 44.9 269 47.2 342 57.8 415 58 488 55 561 53.8

51 39.3 124 47.5 197 44.8 270 46.7 343 58 416 58.1 489 55 562 53.4

52 40 125 47.8 198 44.4 271 46.2 344 58.1 417 58.4 490 55 563 53.3

53 40.7 126 47.9 199 43.9 272 46 345 58.4 418 58.9 491 55 564 53.1

54 41.4 127 48 200 43.4 273 45.8 346 58.7 419 59.1 492 55 565 52.9

55 42.2 128 47.9 201 43.2 274 45.6 347 58.8 420 59.4 493 55 566 52.6

56 42.9 129 47.9 202 43.2 275 45.4 348 58.9 421 59.8 494 55.1 567 52.4

57 43.5 130 47.9 203 43.1 276 45.2 349 59 422 59.9 495 55.1 568 52.2

58 44 131 48 204 43 277 45 350 59 423 59.9 496 55 569 52.1

59 44.3 132 48 205 43 278 44.7 351 58.9 424 59.8 497 54.9 570 52

60 44.5 133 48 206 43.1 279 44.5 352 58.8 425 59.6 498 54.9 571 52

61 44.8 134 47.9 207 43.4 280 44.2 353 58.6 426 59.4 499 54.8 572 52

62 44.9 135 47.3 208 43.9 281 43.5 354 58.4 427 59.2 500 54.7 573 52

63 45 136 46 209 44 282 42.8 355 58.2 428 59.1 501 54.6 574 52.1

64 45.1 137 43.3 210 43.5 283 42 356 58.1 429 59 502 54.4 575 52

65 45.4 138 41.2 211 42.6 284 40.1 357 58 430 58.9 503 54.3 576 52

66 45.7 139 39.5 212 41.5 285 38.6 358 57.9 431 58.7 504 54.3 577 51.9

67 46 140 39.2 213 40.7 286 37.5 359 57.6 432 58.6 505 54.2 578 51.6

68 46.3 141 39 214 40 287 35.8 360 57.4 433 58.5 506 54.1 579 51.4

69 46.5 142 39 215 40 288 34.7 361 57.2 434 58.4 507 54.1 580 51.1

70 46.8 143 39.1 216 40.3 289 34 362 57.1 435 58.4 508 54.1 581 50.7

71 46.9 144 39.5 217 41 290 33.3 363 57 436 58.3 509 54 582 50.3

72 47 145 40.1 218 42 291 32.5 364 57 437 58.2 510 54 583 49.8

73 47.1 146 41 219 42.7 292 31.7 365 56.9 438 58.1 511 54 584 49.3
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

II-30

Highway Test Cycle

(Speed vs Time Sequence)

Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed

(sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph)

585 48.7 608 49.1 631 55.1 654 52.2 677 52.1 700 54.2 723 57.7 746 39.2

586 48.2 609 49 632 55.4 655 52.5 678 51.7 701 54.5 724 57.3 747 35.9

587 48.1 610 48.9 633 55.4 656 52.1 679 51.1 702 54.8 725 57.1 748 32.6

588 48 611 48 634 55 657 51.6 680 50.5 703 55 726 56.8 749 29.3

589 48 612 47.1 635 54.5 658 51.1 681 50.1 704 55.5 727 56.5 750 26.8

590 48.1 613 46.2 636 53.6 659 51 682 49.8 705 55.9 728 56.2 751 24.5

591 48.4 614 46.1 637 52.5 660 51 683 49.7 706 56.1 729 55.5 752 21.5

592 48.9 615 46.1 638 50.2 661 51.1 684 49.6 707 56.3 730 54.6 753 19.5

593 49 616 46.2 639 48.2 662 51.4 685 49.5 708 56.4 731 54.1 754 17.4

594 49.1 617 46.9 640 46.5 663 51.7 686 49.5 709 56.5 732 53.7 755 15.1

595 49.1 618 47.8 641 46.2 664 52 687 49.7 710 56.7 733 53.2 756 12.4

596 49 619 49 642 46 665 52.2 688 50 711 56.9 734 52.9 757 9.7

597 49 620 49.7 643 46 666 52.5 689 50.2 712 57 735 52.5 758 7

598 48.9 621 50.6 644 46.3 667 52.8 690 50.6 713 57.3 736 52 759 5

599 48.6 622 51.5 645 46.8 668 52.7 691 51.1 714 57.7 737 51.3 760 3.3

600 48.3 623 52.2 646 47.5 669 52.6 692 51.6 715 58.2 738 50.5 761 2

601 48 624 52.7 647 48.2 670 52.3 693 51.9 716 58.8 739 49.5 762 0.7

602 47.9 625 53 648 48.8 671 52.3 694 52 717 59.1 740 48.5 763 0

603 47.8 626 53.6 649 49.5 672 52.4 695 52.1 718 59.2 741 47.6 764 0

604 47.7 627 54 650 50.2 673 52.5 696 52.4 719 59.1 742 46.8 765 0

605 47.9 628 54.1 651 50.7 674 52.7 697 52.9 720 58.8 743 45.6

606 48.3 629 54.4 652 51.1 675 52.7 698 53.3 721 58.5 744 44.2

607 49 630 54.7 653 51.7 676 52.4 699 53.7 722 58.1 745 42.5
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 II-31

F. US06 Bag 2 Driving Schedule.

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As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 II-32

US06 Bag 2 Driving Schedule

(Speed vs Time Sequence)

Time 

(Sec.)

Speed 

(mph)

Time 

(Sec.)

Speed 

(mph)

Time 

(Sec.)

Speed 

(mph)

Time 

(Sec.)

Speed 

(mph)

Time 

(Sec.)

Speed 

(mph)

1 0 74 62.8 147 62.1 220 65.9 293 70.9

2 0 75 63 148 62 221 66.2 294 70.2

3 0 76 64.1 149 62.4 222 66.1 295 71

4 0 77 63.9 150 62.2 223 67.1 296 70.2

5 0 78 64.1 151 62.2 224 67.4 297 70.3

6 0 79 64.3 152 62.4 225 68.3 298 69.1

7 2.7 80 64.5 153 62.7 226 68.3 299 68.8

8 9.2 81 64.9 154 62.6 227 68.7 300 68.2

9 16.1 82 65.3 155 63.7 228 68.2 301 68.3

10 22.7 83 66 156 64.3 229 68.1 302 68.2

11 29.2 84 66 157 64.8 230 68 303 67.7

12 34.2 85 66.4 158 65.1 231 67.1 304 67.3

13 38.8 86 64.1 159 65.9 232 66.4 305 67.5

14 43 87 63.6 160 66.1 233 66.1 306 67.6

15 45.3 88 63.9 161 67 234 65.7 307 67.6

16 46.8 89 64.1 162 67.2 235 66 308 67.2

17 48 90 63.7 163 67.5 236 66.4 309 67

18 49.5 91 64.3 164 68.3 237 66 310 66.3

19 50.3 92 64.2 165 68.3 238 66.3 311 66.6

20 51.5 93 63.9 166 68.8 239 67 312 66.2

21 52.2 94 64.2 167 69.1 240 67.5 313 66.4

22 52.6 95 63.4 168 69.4 241 67.9 314 65.9

23 53 96 64 169 71.7 242 68.1 315 66.1

24 53.8 97 63.9 170 72.1 243 68.5 316 65.5

25 53.8 98 64 171 74.9 244 68.9 317 62.2

26 53.8 99 63.8 172 72.6 245 68.6 318 62.2

27 54.6 100 64 173 72.2 246 69.4 319 61.4

28 56.3 101 63.3 174 72.2 247 69.4 320 61.1

29 56.9 102 63.4 175 72 248 69.4 321 61.4

30 58.1 103 63.9 176 72.5 249 70 322 61.1

31 58.4 104 64 177 72.8 250 70.4 323 61.4

32 59.6 105 64.3 178 72.7 251 70.6 324 61.4

33 59.9 106 64.8 179 71.8 252 70.9 325 61.8

34 60.2 107 65.1 180 71.4 253 70.3 326 61.8

35 60.5 108 64 181 71.1 254 70.6 327 61.8

36 59.7 109 64.2 182 71.1 255 70.3 328 61.8

37 58.3 110 63.1 183 70.9 256 69.7 329 62.2

38 58.1 111 63.7 184 71 257 69.9 330 61.8

39 57.8 112 63.1 185 71 258 70.1 331 62.2

40 57.3 113 63.7 186 71.2 259 69.6 332 62.6

41 57.5 114 63.5 187 72.1 260 69.3 333 62.2

42 56.6 115 63 188 72.6 261 69.9 334 62.6

43 57 116 63.1 189 73.6 262 69.7 335 62.2

44 56.6 117 63 190 74.8 263 69.5 336 62.6

45 56.5 118 63.3 191 75.7 264 69.9 337 62.6

46 56.2 119 63.4 192 77.3 265 70.2 338 63

47 56.4 120 63.3 193 78.4 266 70.2 339 62.6

48 56.6 121 62.5 194 79.3 267 70.2 340 62.2

49 56.4 122 62.5 195 78.2 268 71 341 61.1

50 56.1 123 62.9 196 76 269 70.8 342 59.5

51 56 124 62.8 197 75.6 270 70.9 343 58.8

52 55.9 125 62.2 198 76.4 271 70.7 344 56.8

53 54.8 126 62.4 199 77.6 272 70.9 345 55.7

54 54.2 127 62.3 200 78 273 71.2 346 54.1

55 54.6 128 62.3 201 79.1 274 71.3 347 51.5

56 52.2 129 62.4 202 79.5 275 70.8 348 49.2

57 54.7 130 62.1 203 79.9 276 71.2 349 48.8

58 55.7 131 62.5 204 79.9 277 71.7 350 47.6

59 57 132 62.8 205 80.3 278 71.9 351 44.9

60 58 133 62.3 206 80.3 279 72.6 352 41.5

61 58.1 134 62.3 207 79.5 280 72.3 353 37.2

62 59.4 135 62.4 208 79.5 281 72.3 354 34.6

63 59.9 136 61.9 209 79.1 282 72.1 355 33

64 61 137 62.8 210 78.7 283 72 356 29.2

65 61.4 138 62.8 211 77.6 284 71.9 357 22.3

66 61.9 139 62.3 212 76.5 285 72.6 358 17.7

67 62.5 140 62.8 213 74.3 286 72.8 359 17.3

68 62.5 141 62.4 214 72.6 287 73.2 360 14

69 62.7 142 62.1 215 70.8 288 72.1 361 10

70 62.2 143 61.9 216 67.6 289 71.5 362 6

71 62.5 144 61.8 217 66.4 290 70.9 363 2

72 63.1 145 62.1 218 66.7 291 70.4 364 0

73 62.7 146 62.1 219 66.1 292 70.5 365 0
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 II-33

G. Hot 1435 Unified Cycle Driving Schedule.

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As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 II-34

Hot 1435 Unified Test Cycle

(Speed vs Time Sequence)

Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed

(sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph)

1 0 74 12.3 147 20 220 0 293 0 366 45.3 439 60.3 512 28

2 0 75 8.1 148 23 221 0 294 0 367 46.5 440 60.3 513 26.5

3 0 76 6.1 149 25.7 222 0 295 0 368 48 441 60.3 514 24.2

4 0 77 9.6 150 28 223 0 296 0 369 48.8 442 59.5 515 22.7

5 0 78 12.7 151 30.7 224 0 297 0 370 49.5 443 58.8 516 20.4

6 0 79 15.7 152 32.6 225 0 298 0 371 49.9 444 59.1 517 17.7

7 0 80 18 153 34.2 226 0 299 0 372 49.9 445 58.8 518 15.7

8 0 81 20.4 154 35.3 227 0 300 0 373 49.9 446 58.8 519 13.1

9 0 82 21.9 155 36.9 228 0 301 0 374 49.5 447 58.8 520 10.8

10 0 83 23.4 156 36.9 229 0 302 0 375 49.5 448 58.4 521 8.4

11 0 84 23.8 157 37.2 230 0 303 0 376 48.8 449 58 522 7.3

12 0 85 24.6 158 37.6 231 0 304 0 377 48.8 450 58 523 5

13 0 86 25 159 37.6 232 0 305 0 378 48.8 451 58 524 3.8

14 0 87 26.1 160 37.6 233 0 306 0 379 48.4 452 58.4 525 3.5

15 0 88 26.1 161 37.2 234 0 307 0 380 48.8 453 59.1 526 1.9

16 0 89 26.9 162 37.2 235 0 308 0 381 49.5 454 59.5 527 0.8

17 0 90 26.9 163 36.9 236 0 309 0 382 50.3 455 59.9 528 0

18 0 91 26.9 164 36.5 237 0 310 0 383 50.7 456 59.9 529 0

19 0 92 26.5 165 36.5 238 1.5 311 0 384 51.8 457 60.3 530 0

20 0 93 25.7 166 34.9 239 5 312 0 385 52.6 458 61.1 531 0.8

21 1.2 94 21.9 167 33.4 240 8.8 313 0.4 386 53.4 459 61.1 532 1.9

22 4.2 95 16.5 168 31.9 241 11.5 314 2.7 387 54.1 460 61.1 533 3.8

23 7.3 96 10 169 29.2 242 14.2 315 7.3 388 55.3 461 61.4 534 6.9

24 8.8 97 4.6 170 25 243 15.4 316 11.5 389 55.3 462 61.4 535 9.6

25 10.8 98 1.5 171 25 244 16.1 317 15.4 390 56.1 463 61.1 536 11.1

26 12.3 99 0.4 172 26.1 245 16.1 318 18.4 391 56.4 464 60.7 537 11.1

27 13.1 100 0 173 27.6 246 16.9 319 20.7 392 56.4 465 59.9 538 10.4

28 12.3 101 0 174 29.2 247 16.5 320 24.2 393 56.4 466 59.1 539 8.8

29 12.3 102 0 175 31.1 248 16.9 321 26.9 394 57.2 467 59.1 540 9.2

30 11.5 103 0 176 32.3 249 18 322 29.6 395 56.8 468 59.1 541 10

31 11.5 104 0 177 34.2 250 19.2 323 31.1 396 57.6 469 59.9 542 10.4

32 11.1 105 0 178 34.9 251 20.4 324 32.6 397 57.6 470 59.5 543 10.4

33 11.1 106 0 179 35.7 252 20.4 325 33.8 398 57.6 471 59.9 544 5.4

34 11.1 107 0 180 36.5 253 21.1 326 34.9 399 58 472 58.8 545 1.9

35 13.1 108 0.4 181 36.9 254 21.1 327 36.9 400 58 473 58 546 0

36 15 109 1.2 182 36.9 255 22.3 328 39.2 401 58.4 474 57.6 547 0

37 16.9 110 1.9 183 37.2 256 23 329 41.1 402 58.4 475 56.8 548 0

38 16.9 111 3.8 184 37.6 257 23.8 330 43 403 58.8 476 56.1 549 0

39 16.1 112 7.7 185 37.2 258 24.2 331 43.8 404 59.1 477 55.3 550 0

40 15.7 113 11.5 186 37.6 259 24.6 332 44.5 405 58.8 478 54.1 551 0

41 15.4 114 14.6 187 38 260 25 333 45.3 406 58.8 479 52.6 552 0

42 15 115 18 188 38.4 261 25.7 334 45.3 407 58 480 49.2 553 0

43 13.8 116 21.5 189 39.2 262 25.7 335 44.9 408 58 481 46.1 554 0

44 10.8 117 25 190 39.6 263 26.5 336 44.5 409 57.6 482 43 555 0

45 8.4 118 28.4 191 39.9 264 27.6 337 43.8 410 57.6 483 37.2 556 0

46 6.1 119 30.7 192 40.7 265 28.4 338 43.4 411 57.6 484 29.6 557 0

47 4.2 120 31.9 193 40.3 266 29.2 339 42.6 412 57.6 485 21.5 558 0

48 3.5 121 32.3 194 41.1 267 30.3 340 41.9 413 57.6 486 16.5 559 0

49 3.5 122 32.3 195 41.1 268 31.1 341 41.5 414 59.1 487 15.7 560 0

50 1.5 123 31.9 196 40.7 269 31.1 342 40.7 415 59.5 488 18.4 561 0

51 0 124 30.3 197 31.9 270 30.7 343 40.3 416 59.9 489 21.5 562 0

52 0 125 28 198 23.9 271 31.1 344 41.1 417 60.3 490 25 563 0

53 0 126 24.2 199 15.9 272 29.6 345 41.5 418 60.3 491 27.3 564 0

54 0 127 20 200 7.9 273 29.2 346 42.6 419 61.1 492 29.2 565 0

55 0 128 16.1 201 2.7 274 29.2 347 43.4 420 60.3 493 30.7 566 0

56 0 129 11.5 202 0.4 275 28.8 348 44.2 421 59.9 494 31.5 567 0

57 0 130 8.1 203 0.4 276 28 349 44.9 422 59.5 495 31.1 568 0

58 0 131 5 204 2.7 277 23 350 45.7 423 59.1 496 31.1 569 0

59 0 132 3.5 205 3.8 278 21.1 351 46.5 424 59.1 497 30.3 570 0

60 0 133 1.9 206 3.8 279 21.5 352 46.8 425 59.5 498 30 571 0

61 0 134 0 207 1.5 280 20.7 353 47.2 426 59.5 499 30 572 0.4

62 0 135 0 208 0 281 20.7 354 48 427 59.5 500 29.6 573 1.5

63 1.2 136 0 209 0 282 19.6 355 47.6 428 59.9 501 30 574 3.5

64 3.5 137 0 210 0 283 16.5 356 48.4 429 60.3 502 28.8 575 6.1

65 7.7 138 0 211 0 284 13.1 357 48 430 60.7 503 28.8 576 10.4

66 11.1 139 0 212 0 285 9.6 358 47.2 431 60.7 504 28 577 14.2

67 13.8 140 0 213 0 286 7.3 359 46.1 432 61.4 505 28.4 578 16.9

68 16.5 141 0 214 0 287 3.8 360 45.7 433 61.8 506 28 579 19.2

69 18.4 142 0 215 0 288 0.8 361 44.9 434 61.8 507 28.4 580 20

70 20.4 143 1.5 216 0 289 0 362 44.2 435 61.8 508 28.4 581 21.5

71 20.7 144 6.9 217 0 290 0 363 43.8 436 61.8 509 28.8 582 23.4

72 19.6 145 12.7 218 0 291 0 364 44.5 437 61.1 510 28.4 583 24.6

73 17.3 146 16.5 219 0 292 0 365 44.9 438 60.7 511 28.4 584 24.2
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 II-35

Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed

(sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph)

585 20 651 24.6 717 28 783 20.4 849 30.7 915 63.4 981 38 1047 28

586 16.9 652 25 718 28 784 21.1 850 33.8 916 63 982 38 1048 23.8

587 13.4 653 26.5 719 27.6 785 22.3 851 37.6 917 63.4 983 38 1049 18.8

588 13.4 654 28 720 26.5 786 22.3 852 40.7 918 64.1 984 37.2 1050 11.9

589 15.7 655 29.6 721 24.6 787 22.7 853 43.8 919 64.9 985 36.9 1051 6.1

590 18.4 656 30.7 722 20.7 788 22.3 854 46.1 920 65.3 986 36.1 1052 1.5

591 21.1 657 32.3 723 16.5 789 22.7 855 48 921 64.5 987 35.7 1053 1.5

592 23.4 658 33 724 15 790 22.3 856 49.5 922 64.1 988 34.9 1054 4.2

593 25.3 659 34.2 725 14.2 791 23.8 857 51.5 923 63.4 989 34.9 1055 8.1

594 27.6 660 34.6 726 14.2 792 25.7 858 53 924 63.7 990 33.8 1056 10.4

595 28.8 661 35.3 727 13.8 793 27.6 859 54.5 925 63.4 991 31.5 1057 13.1

596 30.3 662 36.1 728 13.8 794 29.6 860 55.7 926 63.4 992 28.8 1058 15.4

597 30.7 663 36.1 729 11.9 795 30 861 56.8 927 63.4 993 25.7 1059 18

598 31.5 664 36.9 730 8.4 796 29.2 862 58 928 63.4 994 24.6 1060 20.4

599 31.1 665 36.9 731 4.2 797 27.6 863 59.1 929 63.7 995 23.4 1061 23

600 31.1 666 37.6 732 1.2 798 25 864 60.3 930 64.5 996 22.3 1062 25.3

601 30.3 667 37.6 733 0 799 23.8 865 61.1 931 65.3 997 21.5 1063 27.3

602 30.3 668 38.4 734 0 800 23.4 866 61.8 932 64.9 998 20 1064 28.8

603 30.3 669 38 735 0 801 24.2 867 61.8 933 63.7 999 20 1065 30.3

604 30.7 670 37.6 736 0 802 23.4 868 61.8 934 63 1000 19.2 1066 31.1

605 31.1 671 37.6 737 0 803 23 869 61.8 935 59.9 1001 19.2 1067 32.3

606 32.3 672 37.2 738 0 804 20.4 870 62.6 936 55.3 1002 18 1068 31.9

607 32.6 673 36.9 739 0 805 18.8 871 63.4 937 50.7 1003 11.9 1069 32.3

608 32.6 674 36.1 740 0 806 17.3 872 63 938 49.2 1004 6.9 1070 31.9

609 32.6 675 35.7 741 0 807 15 873 63 939 48 1005 2.7 1071 31.1

610 31.1 676 36.1 742 0 808 13.1 874 62.6 940 46.1 1006 0.8 1072 28.8

611 26.9 677 35.7 743 0 809 9.2 875 61.8 941 44.2 1007 0.4 1073 25

612 22.3 678 35.7 744 0 810 6.9 876 61.8 942 41.1 1008 0 1074 22.7

613 18 679 35.7 745 0 811 4.6 877 62.2 943 39.9 1009 0 1075 18.8

614 13.8 680 36.1 746 0 812 4.6 878 62.2 944 36.1 1010 0 1076 15.4

615 9.6 681 36.1 747 0 813 4.6 879 62.6 945 32.6 1011 0 1077 13.4

616 4.6 682 35.7 748 0 814 4.2 880 63.7 946 29.2 1012 0 1078 11.9

617 6.1 683 35.7 749 0 815 5.4 881 64.5 947 24.6 1013 0 1079 8.8

618 10 684 34.9 750 0 816 4.6 882 64.9 948 20.7 1014 0 1080 5

619 14.2 685 34.6 751 0 817 3.5 883 66 949 19.2 1015 0 1081 1.9

620 17.3 686 34.2 752 0 818 2.3 884 66 950 16.5 1016 0 1082 2.3

621 20 687 33.8 753 0 819 2.3 885 66.8 951 15 1017 0 1083 2.7

622 21.5 688 33.4 754 0 820 1.9 886 66.4 952 11.9 1018 0 1084 3.5

623 22.3 689 33 755 0 821 3.1 887 66.8 953 9.6 1019 0 1085 6.5

624 22.3 690 30.3 756 0 822 6.1 888 67.2 954 8.4 1020 0 1086 10.8

625 22.3 691 29.2 757 0 823 4.6 889 66.4 955 5.8 1021 0 1087 13.8

626 22.3 692 28.4 758 0 824 2.7 890 66.4 956 1.2 1022 0 1088 16.1

627 23 693 25 759 0 825 2.3 891 66 957 0 1023 0.4 1089 18.4

628 23 694 21.1 760 0 826 2.3 892 65.7 958 0 1024 2.7 1090 20.4

629 22.7 695 16.9 761 0 827 3.1 893 65.7 959 0 1025 6.1 1091 21.9

630 22.3 696 13.4 762 0 828 4.2 894 66.4 960 1.2 1026 9.2 1092 21.9

631 21.9 697 13.1 763 1.5 829 3.5 895 66 961 3.1 1027 11.5 1093 20.7

632 22.7 698 12.3 764 5.4 830 3.8 896 65.7 962 5 1028 14.2 1094 17.3

633 23.8 699 12.7 765 9.2 831 4.2 897 65.3 963 8.4 1029 16.1 1095 13.1

634 25 700 15.7 766 11.5 832 3.5 898 65.3 964 11.5 1030 18 1096 9.6

635 25.3 701 19.2 767 14.6 833 3.5 899 64.5 965 14.6 1031 20 1097 8.8

636 25.7 702 22.3 768 17.3 834 3.5 900 64.5 966 16.9 1032 21.5 1098 10.8

637 26.5 703 24.6 769 19.2 835 4.6 901 64.1 967 18.8 1033 23 1099 12.7

638 26.9 704 25.7 770 21.1 836 5.8 902 63.7 968 21.1 1034 24.2 1100 14.2

639 27.3 705 26.5 771 20.7 837 3.5 903 63.7 969 23.8 1035 25 1101 14.6

640 28 706 26.5 772 20.7 838 0.8 904 63.7 970 26.5 1036 25.7 1102 13.1

641 29.2 707 26.9 773 19.6 839 3.5 905 64.5 971 28 1037 26.9 1103 11.1

642 30 708 27.3 774 18.4 840 3.8 906 64.5 972 29.6 1038 27.6 1104 11.1

643 30 709 27.3 775 16.9 841 2.3 907 64.9 973 30.7 1039 27.6 1105 11.1

644 29.6 710 27.6 776 16.9 842 0 908 64.5 974 32.6 1040 28.4 1106 13.1

645 29.6 711 28.4 777 16.5 843 1.2 909 64.1 975 34.2 1041 29.2 1107 15.7

646 28.8 712 28.8 778 16.9 844 6.9 910 64.9 976 35.3 1042 29.2 1108 18.4

647 28.4 713 28.8 779 16.9 845 13.8 911 65.3 977 36.1 1043 30 1109 20.7

648 28 714 29.2 780 16.9 846 18.8 912 65.3 978 36.9 1044 29.6 1110 23.8

649 27.3 715 28.8 781 17.3 847 23.8 913 65.3 979 38 1045 29.6 1111 25.7

650 25.7 716 28.8 782 19.2 848 27.3 914 64.1 980 38 1046 28.8 1112 28
As Adopted: March 22, 2012

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 II-36

Hot 1435 Unified Test Cycle

(Speed vs Time Sequence)

Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed

(sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph)

1113 30 1154 14.6 1195 15.4 1236 0 1277 39.2 1318 37.2 1359 32.6 1400 11.1

1114 31.1 1155 12.3 1196 19.2 1237 0 1278 40.7 1319 36.5 1360 31.5 1401 13.1

1115 32.3 1156 9.2 1197 21.9 1238 0 1279 42.2 1320 34.6 1361 30 1402 15

1116 34.2 1157 5.8 1198 23.8 1239 0 1280 43.4 1321 31.5 1362 28.8 1403 16.9

1117 35.7 1158 1.9 1199 25 1240 3.5 1281 44.9 1322 29.6 1363 27.3 1404 16.9

1118 36.9 1159 0.4 1200 26.1 1241 10.4 1282 45.7 1323 29.2 1364 23.8 1405 16.1

1119 38.8 1160 0 1201 27.3 1242 15.4 1283 46.1 1324 28.8 1365 23 1406 15.7

1120 40.3 1161 0 1202 28.8 1243 17.3 1284 46.8 1325 28.8 1366 23 1407 15.4

1121 41.5 1162 0 1203 30 1244 17.3 1285 46.5 1326 28 1367 22.3 1408 15

1122 42.2 1163 0 1204 29.6 1245 18.4 1286 46.5 1327 28 1368 20.4 1409 13.8

1123 43 1164 0 1205 29.6 1246 21.5 1287 46.5 1328 28.4 1369 18.8 1410 10.8

1124 43.8 1165 0.4 1206 28.8 1247 24.6 1288 46.1 1329 29.6 1370 17.7 1411 8.4

1125 43.8 1166 4.2 1207 26.1 1248 27.3 1289 46.1 1330 30 1371 16.1 1412 6.1

1126 43.4 1167 9.2 1208 22.3 1249 30 1290 46.1 1331 30.3 1372 14.6 1413 4.2

1127 43 1168 11.9 1209 19.2 1250 31.5 1291 46.8 1332 29.2 1373 12.7 1414 3.5

1128 42.2 1169 14.2 1210 16.5 1251 31.9 1292 47.6 1333 26.5 1374 11.1 1415 3.5

1129 41.9 1170 15.7 1211 12.7 1252 32.6 1293 48 1334 25.3 1375 9.2 1416 1.5

1130 41.5 1171 15 1212 9.6 1253 33.4 1294 48.4 1335 25 1376 8.8 1417 0

1131 41.9 1172 14.2 1213 6.9 1254 34.9 1295 48 1336 24.6 1377 7.3 1418 0

1132 41.9 1173 13.4 1214 4.2 1255 36.5 1296 48 1337 24.6 1378 6.1 1419 0

1133 41.9 1174 13.8 1215 2.3 1256 37.6 1297 47.2 1338 25.3 1379 5 1420 0

1134 42.2 1175 14.6 1216 0.8 1257 39.2 1298 46.5 1339 26.1 1380 4.2 1421 0

1135 42.6 1176 14.6 1217 0 1258 40.3 1299 46.8 1340 27.3 1381 3.5 1422 0

1136 42.6 1177 14.2 1218 0 1259 40.7 1300 47.2 1341 28.4 1382 2.7 1423 0

1137 42.6 1178 16.1 1219 0 1260 41.1 1301 48.4 1342 29.2 1383 2.3 1424 0

1138 42.6 1179 15.7 1220 0 1261 40.7 1302 48.4 1343 29.2 1384 1.5 1425 0

1139 42.6 1180 15.7 1221 0 1262 40.7 1303 48.8 1344 29.6 1385 1.2 1426 0

1140 42.6 1181 14.6 1222 0 1263 40.7 1304 48.4 1345 30 1386 0 1427 0

1141 42.6 1182 13.1 1223 0 1264 41.5 1305 47.6 1346 31.1 1387 1.2 1428 0

1142 42.2 1183 10 1224 0 1265 42.6 1306 46.5 1347 32.6 1388 4.2 1429 0

1143 43 1184 7.3 1225 0 1266 43 1307 44.2 1348 33.8 1389 7.3 1430 0

1144 43.4 1185 3.5 1226 0 1267 44.5 1308 42.2 1349 34.6 1390 8.8 1431 0

1145 43 1186 0.8 1227 0 1268 45.3 1309 41.5 1350 34.9 1391 10.8 1432 0

1146 42.6 1187 0 1228 0 1269 45.3 1310 41.1 1351 34.6 1392 12.3 1433 0

1147 41.9 1188 0 1229 0 1270 44.9 1311 40.7 1352 34.9 1393 13.1 1434 0

1148 40.7 1189 0 1230 0 1271 43.4 1312 40.3 1353 34.6 1394 12.3 1435 0

1149 36.9 1190 0 1231 0 1272 40.3 1313 39.6 1354 34.9 1395 12.3

1150 32.6 1191 0.4 1232 0 1273 38 1314 39.2 1355 34.9 1396 11.5

1151 28 1192 2.7 1233 0 1274 36.1 1315 38.8 1356 34.9 1397 11.5

1152 23.4 1193 7.3 1234 0 1275 36.5 1316 38 1357 34.2 1398 11.1

1153 18.4 1194 11.5 1235 0 1276 38 1317 37.6 1358 33.8 1399 11.1