United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

In cooperation with

the Tennessee Agricultural

Experiment Station, the

Tennessee Department of

Agriculture, and the

McMinn County Board of

Commissioners

Soil Survey of

McMinn County,

Tennessee

Detailed maps are available in two formats. Digital copies (SSURGO) that

can be used in a Geographic Information System (GIS) can be accessed at

http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/. (The State Soil Survey Area

ID is TN107). Paper copies of the maps can be obtained from the USDA

Service Center, Athens Field Office/McMinn County Soil Conservation

District, 320 North Congress Parkway, Suite C, P.O. Box 524, Athens, TN

37303 (telephone number 423-745-6300, ext. 3).

General Soil Map

The general soil map, which is a color map, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils called

general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify the name of the map unit in the

area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a general description of

the soils in your area.

Detailed Soil Maps

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and

management of small areas.

To find information about your area

of interest, locate that area on the

Index to Map Sheets. Note the

number of the map sheet and turn

to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on

the map sheet. Note the map unit

symbols that are in that area. Turn

to the Contents, which lists the

map units by symbol and name

and shows the page where each

map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table

has data on a specific land use for

each detailed soil map unit. Also

see the Contents for sections of

this publication that may address

your specific needs.

3

How To Use This Soil Survey
4

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the

Natural Resources Conservation Service home page on the World Wide Web.The

address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The

Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has

leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1996. Soil names and

descriptions were approved in 1997. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this

publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1996. This survey was made

cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Tennessee

Agricultural Experiment Station, the Tennessee Department of Agriculture, and the

McMinn County Board of Commissioners. The survey is part of the technical assistance

furnished to the McMinn County Soil Conservation District.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a

larger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of

its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability,

political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases

apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for

communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should

contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,

Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC

20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity

provider and employer.

Cover: A Jersey dairy herd in an area of Waynesboro clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded.

The corn and grass strips in the background are in areas of Dewey silty clay loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded, on the ridge and Etowah loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on the footslopes.
5

Contents

How To Use This Soil Survey ................................. 3

Contents .................................................................. 5

Foreword ................................................................. 9

General Nature of the County ................................. 11

History and Settlement ....................................... 11

Transportation and Industry ................................ 12

Natural Resources ............................................. 12

Physiography, Drainage, and Geology ................ 13

Climate ............................................................... 14

How This Survey Was Made ................................... 14

Survey Procedures ............................................. 15

General Soil Map Units ........................................ 17

1. Fullerton-Bodine-Rockdell............................ 17

2. Coile-Apison-Sunlight .................................. 18

3. Coile-Corryton-Hamblen-Townley ................ 20

4. Fullerton-Dewey-Waynesboro ...................... 20

5. Tellico-Red Hills-Nonaburg........................... 21

6. Lostcove-Unicoi-Cataska ............................. 22

Detailed Soil Map Units ........................................ 25

AaB2—Alcoa loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 26

AaC2—Alcoa loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 27

AaD2—Alcoa loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 28

AcF—Apison-Coile complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes .......................................................... 30

AsC—Apison-Sunlight complex, 5 to

12 percent slopes ........................................ 31

AsF—Apison-Sunlight complex, 25 to

60 percent slopes, very rocky ...................... 33

At—Atkins-Arkaqua complex, frequently

flooded ......................................................... 34

BeB—Bellamy silt loam, 1 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 36

Bm—Bloomingdale silty clay loam,

occasionally flooded..................................... 37

BoC2—Bodine gravelly silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 39

BoD2—Bodine gravelly silt loam, 12 to

25 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 40

BoF2—Bodine gravelly silt loam, 25 to

60 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 41

BrE—Bradyville-Rock outcrop complex,

5 to 25 percent slopes.................................. 43

BrF—Bradyville-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to

50 percent slopes ........................................ 44

CaF—Cataska very channery loam, 35 to

65 percent slopes, very rocky ...................... 45

CaG—Cataska very channery loam, 65 to

90 percent slopes, very rocky ...................... 47

CgC—Coghill-Apison complex, 5 to

12 percent slopes ........................................ 48

CgD—Coghill-Apison complex, 12 to

25 percent slopes ........................................ 50

CnC2—Coile silt loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 51

CnD2—Coile silt loam, 12 to 25 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 53

CnE3—Coile silt loam, 5 to 35 percent

slopes, gullied .............................................. 54

CoC2—Collegedale silt loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 55

CrB—Corryton-Needmore complex, 2 to

5 percent slopes, rocky ................................ 57

CtB2—Corryton-Townley complex, 2 to

5 percent slopes, eroded ............................. 58

CtC2—Corryton-Townley complex, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 60

CUC—Corryton-Urban land complex, 2 to

12 percent slopes ........................................ 62

DcB2—Decatur silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 63

DcC2—Decatur silt loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 64

DcD2—Decatur silt loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 66

DeB—Dewey silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ..... 67

DwC2—Dewey silty clay loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 68

DwD2—Dewey silty clay loam, 12 to

25 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 69

DX—Dumps, landfills ......................................... 71

DY—Dumps, pulpwood processing waste .......... 71

Ea—Emory silt loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded..................................... 72

Eo—Etowah loam, occasionally flooded,

overwash ..................................................... 73

EtB—Etowah loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .......... 75

EtC—Etowah loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes ........ 76
6

FcB2—Fullerton clay loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 77

FgC2—Fullerton gravelly silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 78

FgD2—Fullerton gravelly silt loam, 12 to

25 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 80

FgE3—Fullerton gravelly silt loam, 5 to

35 percent slopes, gullied ............................ 81

FgF2—Fullerton gravelly silt loam, 25 to

60 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 83

FRC—Fullerton-Urban land complex, 2 to

12 percent slopes ........................................ 84

FRD—Fullerton-Urban land complex,

12 to 25 percent slopes................................ 85

Ha—Hamblen silt loam, occasionally flooded ..... 87

HrC—Harmiller loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes ..... 88

KeC—Keener-Lostcove complex, 3 to

12 percent slopes, very stony ...................... 89

KeF—Keener-Lostcove complex, 35 to

50 percent slopes, very stony ...................... 91

LoD—Lostcove gravelly loam, 12 to

20 percent slopes, stony .............................. 92

LoE—Lostcove gravelly loam, 20 to

35 percent slopes, very stony ...................... 94

McD—McCamy loam, 12 to 25 percent

slopes, rocky ................................................ 95

MfF—Minvale and Fullerton soils, 25 to

45 percent slopes ........................................ 96

MnC—Minvale gravelly silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes ........................................ 98

MnD—Minvale gravelly silt loam, 12 to

25 percent slopes ........................................ 99

NcC—Needmore-Corryton complex, 5 to

12 percent slopes ...................................... 101

Ne—Neubert loam, frequently flooded ............. 102

NnC—Nonaburg-Needmore complex, 5 to

12 percent slopes, very rocky .................... 103

NnD—Nonaburg-Needmore complex,

12 to 25 percent slopes, very rocky ........... 105

NoF—Nonaburg-Needmore-Rock outcrop

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes .............. 107

Pe—Pettyjon silty clay loam, occasionally

flooded ....................................................... 109

PM—Pits, Mines, and Dumps ........................... 110

RhF—Red Hills and Steekee soils, 35 to

80 percent slopes, rocky ............................ 110

Rk—Rockdell gravelly loam, occasionally

flooded ....................................................... 112

RoF—Rock outcrop-Bradyville complex,

5 to 50 percent slopes................................ 114

ShB—Shady loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ......... 115

ShC—Shady loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes ....... 116

St—Steadman silty clay loam, frequently

flooded ....................................................... 117

SuC—Sunlight-Apison complex, 5 to

12 percent slopes, very rocky .................... 118

SuD—Sunlight-Apison complex, 12 to

25 percent slopes, very rocky .................... 120

TaB—Tasso loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .......... 122

TaC—Tasso loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes ........ 123

TeC—Tellico loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes ........ 125

TeE3—Tellico loam, 5 to 35 percent slopes,

gullied ........................................................ 126

ThF—Tellico-Red Hills complex, 25 to

65 percent slopes, rocky ............................ 127

TkD—Tellico-Steekee complex, 12 to

25 percent slopes ...................................... 129

To—Toccoa loam, occasionally flooded ............ 131

TwB2—Townley-Coile complex, 2 to

5 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 132

UDC—Udorthents-Urban land complex,

2 to 12 percent slopes................................ 134

UnE—Unicoi gravelly sandy loam, 10 to

35 percent slopes, very rocky .................... 135

UoG—Unicoi-Rock outcrop complex,

50 to 120 percent slopes ............................ 137

URC—Urban land, 2 to 12 percent slopes ....... 138

UU—Urban land-Udorthents complex,

rarely flooded ............................................. 139

W—Water ......................................................... 140

WaB2—Waynesboro clay loam, 2 to

5 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 140

WaC2—Waynesboro clay loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded ......................... 141

WbB2—Waynesboro silt loam, 2 to

5 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 142
7

WbC2—Waynesboro silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded ......................... 144

WNC—Waynesboro-Urban land complex,

2 to 12 percent slopes................................ 145

WoB—Wolftever silt loam, 1 to 5 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ...................... 146

WoC—Wolftever silt loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes ........................................................ 147

Use and Management of the Soils .................... 151

Crops and Pasture ........................................... 151

Managing Cropland ...................................... 151

Managing Pasture and Hayland ................... 152

Yields per Acre............................................. 154

Land Capability Classification ...................... 154

Prime Farmland ........................................... 155

Woodland Management and Productivity ......... 155

Recreation ........................................................ 157

Wildlife Habitat ................................................. 159

Hydric Soils ...................................................... 162

Engineering ...................................................... 163

Building Site Development ........................... 163

Sanitary Facilities ......................................... 164

Construction Materials ................................. 165

Water Management...................................... 166

Soil Properties .................................................... 169

Engineering Index Properties ........................... 169

Physical and Chemical Properties .................... 170

Soil Features .................................................... 171

Water Features ................................................. 171

Classification of the Soils .................................. 173

Soil Series and Their Morphology ......................... 173

Alcoa Series ..................................................... 173

Apison Series ................................................... 174

Arkaqua Series ................................................ 175

Atkins Series .................................................... 176

Bellamy Series ................................................. 177

Bloomingdale Series ........................................ 178

Bodine Series ................................................... 179

Bradyville Series .............................................. 180

Cataska Series ................................................. 180

Coghill Series ................................................... 181

Coile Series ...................................................... 182

Collegedale Series ........................................... 183

Corryton Series ................................................ 184

Decatur Series ................................................. 187

Dewey Series ................................................... 188

Emory Series ................................................... 189

Etowah Series .................................................. 189

Fullerton Series ................................................ 190

Hamblen Series ................................................ 191

Harmiller Series................................................ 192

Keener Series .................................................. 193

Lostcove Series ................................................ 194

McCamy Series ................................................ 194

Minvale Series .................................................. 195

Needmore Series ............................................. 196

Neubert Series ................................................. 197

Nonaburg Series .............................................. 198

Pettyjon Series ................................................. 199

Red Hills Series................................................ 199

Rockdell Series ................................................ 200

Shady Series .................................................... 201

Steadman Series .............................................. 202

Steekee Series ................................................. 203

Sunlight Series ................................................. 204

Tasso Series .................................................... 204

Tellico Series .................................................... 206

Toccoa Series................................................... 206

Townley Series ................................................. 207

Udorthents ....................................................... 208

Unicoi Series .................................................... 208

Waynesboro Series .......................................... 209

Wolftever Series ............................................... 210

Formation of the Soils........................................ 213

Factors of Soil Formation ................................. 213

Parent Material ............................................. 213

Relief............................................................ 214

Climate......................................................... 214

Living Organisms ......................................... 214

Time ............................................................. 214

Processes of Horizon Differentiation ................ 215

References .......................................................... 217

Glossary .............................................................. 219

Tables .................................................................. 229

Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation .......... 230

Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall........ 231
8

Table 3.—Growing Season ............................... 231

Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent

of the Soils ................................................. 232

Table 5a.—Land Capability and Yields per

Acre of Crops and Silage ........................... 234

Table 5b.—Land Capability and Yields per

Acre of Hay and Pasture ............................ 240

Table 6.—Prime Farmland ................................ 246

Table 7.—Woodland Management and

Productivity ................................................ 247

Table 8.—Recreational Development ............... 265

Table 9.—Wildlife Habitat .................................. 274

Table 10.—Building Site Development .............. 282

Table 11.—Sanitary Facilities ........................... 291

Table 12.—Construction Materials .................... 301

Table 13.—Water Management ........................ 311

Table 14.—Engineering Index Properties ......... 325

Table 15.—Physical and Chemical

Properties of the Soils ................................ 357

Table 16.—Soil Features .................................. 366

Table 17.—Water Features ............................... 373

Table 18.—Classification of the Soils ................ 381

Table 19.—Geologic Systems, Formations,

and Predominant Soils ............................... 382

Issued 2004
9

This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this survey

area. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey also

highlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the

impact of selected land uses on the environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters, and

agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed

for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers,

developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites

for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance.

Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife

management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them

understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose

special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is

intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land

treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users

identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or

user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are

seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too

unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are

poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil

poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil

survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of each

soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described.

Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in using this publication and

additional information are available at the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

James W. Ford

State Conservationist

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

11

MCMINN COUNTY is in the southeastern part of

Tennessee (fig. 1). It is about 139 miles from Nashville,

54 miles from Knoxville, and 50 miles from

Chattanooga. It is bordered on the north by Loudon

and Roane Counties, on the south by Bradley and

Polk Counties, on the west by Meigs County, and on

the east by Monroe County. The Hiwassee River forms

part of the southern border. Athens, the county seat, is

near the geographic center of the county. Etowah,

Englewood, Niota, Calhoun, and Riceville are other

towns in the county. According to census data, the

county had a population of 45,001 in 1995.

The county is roughly triangular in shape and has

an area of 276,700 acres, or about 432 square miles,

of which 2,300 acres is water. The U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service, owns about 2,200 acres in

the county.

This soil survey updates the survey of McMinn

County, Tennessee, published in 1957 (Bacon and

others 1957). It provides additional information about

the soils and has maps that have a photographic

background.

General Nature of the County

This section gives general information about the

county. It describes history and settlement;

transportation and industry; natural resources;

physiography, drainage, and geology; and climate.

History and Settlement

McMinn County was formed from a part of the

Hiwassee District owned by the Cherokee Indians. The

land was ceded to the United States by a treaty that

was signed at Washington, D.C., on February 27,

1819. Under terms of the treaty, those individuals who

chose to become citizens of the United States were

given a reservation of 640 acres. Very few individuals

accepted the offer. A grant of 640 acres also was

made to a few other individuals who were deemed

capable of managing their own affairs. These grants

soon passed into the hands of land speculators

(History of Tennessee 1887).

On November 13, 1819, the Legislature at

Murfreesboro, Tennessee, passed an act to organize

McMinn County. County court was organized on

Soil Survey of

McMinn County, Tennessee

By Richard L. Livingston and Melissa C. Oliver, Natural Resources Conservation

Service

Fieldwork by Melissa C. Oliver and Richard L. Livingston, Natural Resources

Conservation Service, and Billy R. Roach, McMinn County

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,

in cooperation with

Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, the Tennessee Department of Agriculture,

and the McMinn County Board of Commissioners

✪

●

●

Knoxville

Chattanooga

NASHVILLE

Figure 1.—Location of McMinn County in Tennessee.
12 Soil Survey

March 6, 1820, in the home of John Walker at

Calhoun. Justices present were George Colville, John

Walker, Benjamin Griffith, Samuel Dickey, Hambright

Black, Archibald Black, and Jacob Sharp (History of

Tennessee 1887). Judge Charles Fleming Keith

organized the first circuit court in the spring of 1820 at

Calhoun (Byrum 1984). Court was temporarily held in

a log structure erected in Calhoun before it was

transferred to Athens in December 1923 (History of

Tennessee 1887).

The county was named in honor of Joseph McMinn,

who was born in Pennsylvania in 1758 and migrated

to the east Tennessee area in about 1775. He was

active in the 1796 Knoxville Convention, which drafted

the first Tennessee State constitution. McMinn insisted

on the inclusion of a “bill of rights” for the constitution.

Later, he personally carried the State constitution to

George Washington. McMinn was elected governor of

Tennessee in 1815, 1817, and 1819 (Byrum 1984). At

the time of his death, Gov. McMinn was in charge of

the Cherokee Agency across the Hiwassee River. His

body is buried in the yard adjoining the Presbyterian

Church in Calhoun (History of Tennessee 1887).

Transportation played a big role in the location of

towns and villages in the county. Many of the towns

were established along the Hiwassee River or, in later

years, along railroad lines.

Calhoun, which is on the banks of the Hiwassee

River, was the first town established in the county. It

was laid out by Major John Walker and named in

honor of John C. Calhoun.

The need for a more central location for the county

seat prompted the establishment of Athens. The town

was laid out in 1821–22 on land donated by William

Lowry. Courts were moved to Athens in December

1823, and the seat of justice was formally established

by the State Legislature in 1824. The act for organizing

a chancery court at Athens was passed on

January 30, 1844. In 1887, the population of Athens

was estimated at 1,500 and the town was said to be

one of the most prosperous in east Tennessee.

Riceville had its beginning in 1855 on a block of

land that C.N. Rice bought from Native Americans. The

town was established soon after railroad construction

reached the area.

Niota was formerly known as Mouse Creek. J.H.

Gill, who opened the first store in the town, built the

first house in 1855. Upon completion of the railroad,

the citizens of the community erected a large railroad

depot.

In 1870, Englewood began as an industrial

community that was started by three brothers—

James, Mortimer, and Jacob Brient. It was built along

the banks of Chestuee Creek, about 2 miles south of

the present town of Englewood. In 1907, the cotton

mill was moved to a location near Tellico Junction,

where a small community had sprung up near the

railroad junction. The name of Tellico Junction was

changed to Englewood in 1908.

Etowah was founded in 1907. L&N Railroad later

bought 1,500 acres of farmland from Joseph Cobb,

James L. Cooper, William Paris, and William T. Peck in

order to locate a rail yard and service center in the

town. Etowah was chartered in 1909.

In 1950, the population of Athens was 8,618 and

the population of the county was 32,024. By 1990, the

population of Athens had reached 12,573 and the

county population had increased to 43,552.

Transportation and Industry

McMinn County has an excellent network of

highways and roads, almost all with some type of

bituminous surface. Interstate Highway 75 bisects the

county northeast to southwest. U.S. Highway 11 runs

roughly parallel to I–75, and U.S. Highway 411 crosses

the eastern part of the county in a similar fashion. The

major State highways are 68 and 30. State Highway

68 runs east-west across the northern tip of the

county, and State Highway 30 begins in Etowah and

runs roughly from the southeast to the northwest

across the county. Numerous secondary State

highways and county roads supplement the main

arteries.

Two railroads and numerous motor freight

companies serve businesses in the county. One port

facility is available on the Hiwassee River near

Calhoun. Commercial air service is available in

Knoxville and Chattanooga. The McMinn County

Airport is also available for smaller planes and private

transportation.

Industrial enterprises include manufacturers of

textile products, automotive parts, electrical

appliances and parts, wood products, furniture,

chemicals, plastic products, metal and aluminum

fabricated products, dairy products, newsprint, and

farm implements. Farming and the wood industry are

also important enterprises in the county.

Natural Resources

Soils, water, minerals, and forestland are

important natural resources of McMinn County. There

is an abundant supply of fresh water. Year-round

streams are common. The main streams that drain

the county are Rogers, Spring, Oostanaula, Chestuee,

and Conasauga Creeks. On the southern border,

the Hiwassee River is part of the tailwaters of
McMinn County, Tennessee 13

Chickamauga Lake. Springs, small streams, ponds,

and wells are numerous in the county, They furnish

water for domestic use and for livestock. About half of

the county has a State-approved public water supply.

Important mineral resources of the county are

mainly limestone and barite. Limestone for

construction materials and roads is produced from one

active quarry in the county. Several small abandoned

quarries are indicated by a special symbol on the

detailed soil maps. Barite (barium sulfate) is mined in

the northern part of the county. Most of the barite

mines are now abandoned.

About 136,500 acres of McMinn County is forested.

About 2,200 acres of this land is in Cherokee National

Forest. Pulpwood and hardwood production are

important industries in the county.

Physiography, Drainage, and Geology

B.A. Hartman, geologist, Natural Resources Conservation

Service, helped prepare this section.

Topography in the county varies. The highest point

in the county is on Starr Mountain, in the eastern part

of the county. It is about 2,300 feet above mean sea

level (m.s.l.). The lowest point is in the southwestern

part of the county, near the Hiwassee River and

Chickamauga Lake. It is about 690 feet above m.s.l.

Elevation in the rest of the county ranges from 800 to

1,100 feet above m.s.l. In most areas, the difference in

elevation between the valleys and the adjacent ridges

is between 100 and 200 feet. Athens, the county seat,

is about 880 feet above m.s.l.

McMinn County lies in two major land resource

areas—the Southern Appalachian Ridges and Valleys

and the Blue Ridge (USDA 1981). Differences in

topography can be partly attributed to differential

weathering (ease or resistance to weathering) of the

underlying bedrock. Shale, limestone, and dolomite

weather at a faster rate than sandstone, quartzite, and

calcareous (limestone/dolomite) bedrock having a

large content of chert or silica cementation. Intense

folding and faulting of the rocks also influenced the

weathering characteristics and played a large part in

the development of the topography in the county.

The Southern Appalachian Ridges and Valleys

region is characterized by a series of northeastsouthwest oriented ridges and valleys that formed

during the late Protozoic mountain building episode

that formed the Appalachians. In the central part of the

county, cherty dolomite and limestone of Ordovician

age form the ridges. Copper Ridge Dolomite,

Chepultepec Dolomite, and Longview Dolomite are the

principal ridge formers. Bodine, Fullerton, and Dewey

soils are common on these geologic formations. The

less cherty Kingsport Formation and Mascot Dolomite

are generally at the lower elevations (USGS 1952a,

1952b). Dewey and Fullerton soils predominate these

areas. Most of the valleys in the central portion of the

region are underlain by Cambrian-age Conasauga

Shale (USGS 1952a, 1952b). This acid shale bedrock

is parent material for the Coile, Townley, Apison, and

Corryton series. Some areas of Conasauga Shale,

Mascot Dolomite, and the Kingsport Formation are

capped with material that was deposited by ancient

streams, probably during the Pleistocene epoch.

Waynesboro, Etowah, and Tasso soils and the upper

part of the Dewey soils formed in these deposits.

Younger alluvium on the flood plains was deposited

during the Holocene epoch. Hamblen, Steadman,

Pettyjon, Rockdell, and Bloomingdale soils are

dominant on flood plains in this area.

The Ordovician-age Ottosee Shale and Athens

Shale are exposed in a northeast-southwest oriented

area that is southeast of Athens, in part of the

Oostanaula Creek drainage area. These formations

are also exposed near the base of the Red Hills area

north of Etowah. Ottosee Shale and Athens Shale are

the parent materials for the Nonaburg and Needmore

soils. The Red Hills area is highly dissected and has

dark red soils. The Ordovician-age Holston and Lenoir

Limestones underlie two ridges in the central part of

the county and a pronounced lobe north of Etowah.

These formations have considerable amounts of sand

in the bedrock, as well as an appreciable content of

iron. Tellico, Steekee, and Red Hills soils are

predominant in the uplands. Alcoa soils are on stream

terraces and footslopes in the area. Neubert soils are

on flood plains.

In the western part of the county, an area of highly

dissected topography is underlain by the Cambrianage Rome Formation (USGS and Tennessee Division

of Geology 1953). This parent material is a

heterogeneous mixture of yellow, brown, red, purple,

and green siltstone, sandstone, and shale with a few

thin layers of limestone or dolomite. Sunlight and

Apison soils are common in the uplands. Very few

stream terrace deposits are in this area. Hamblen soils

are common on narrow flood plains.

The Blue Ridge land resource region is in the

extreme eastern part of the county, on Starr Mountain.

The Cambrian-age Nebo Sandstone, Nichols Shale,

and Cochran Conglomerate underlie most of the area.

The Precambrian-age Sandsuck Shale is exposed in a

few areas at the base of the mountain (USGS and

Tennessee Division of Geology 1953). McCamy and

Unicoi soils are the predominant soils formed in areas

of arkosic sandstone bedrock. Cataska and Harmiller
14 Soil Survey

soils are the predominant soils formed in areas of

shale bedrock. Lostcove and Keener soils are on the

lower mountainsides and base slopes. They formed in

bouldery and cobbly material that was moved down

the mountain slope by gravity and water. Atkins and

Arkaqua soils are on the flood plain along Bullet

Creek.

Table 19 gives additional information about the

relationships between soils, parent materials, and

geology of the survey area.

Climate

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation

for the survey area as recorded at Athens, Tennessee,

in the period 1962 to 1990. Table 2 shows probable

dates of the first freeze in fall and the last freeze in

spring. Table 3 provides data on length of the growing

season.

In winter, the average temperature is 37.8 degrees

F and the average daily minimum temperature is

26.4 degrees. The lowest temperature on record,

which occurred on January 21, 1985, is -16 degrees.

In summer, the average temperature is 75.1 degrees

and the average daily maximum temperature is

87.2 degrees. The highest recorded temperature,

which occurred on July 17, 1980, is 105 degrees.

Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They

are equivalent to “heat units.” During the month,

growing degree days accumulate by the amount that

the average temperature each day exceeds a base

temperature (40 degrees F). The normal monthly

accumulation is used to schedule single or successive

plantings of a crop between the last freeze in spring

and the first freeze in fall.

The total annual precipitation is about 57 inches. Of

this, about 30 inches, or 53 percent, usually falls in

April through September. The growing season for most

crops falls within this period. The heaviest 1-day

rainfall during the period of record was 5.46 inches on

March 16, 1973. Thunderstorms occur on about

56 days each year, and most occur in summer.

The average seasonal snowfall is about 6.3 inches.

The greatest snow depth at any one time during the

period of record was 14 inches. On the average,

3 days of the year have at least 1 inch of snow on the

ground. The number of such days varies greatly from

year to year.

The average relative humidity in midafternoon is

about 56 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the

average at dawn is about 85 percent. The sun shines

64 percent of the time possible in summer and 46

percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the

southwest. Average windspeed is highest, 8 miles per

hour, in March.

How This Survey Was Made

This survey was made to provide information about

the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area.

The information includes a description of the soils and

miscellaneous areas and their location and a

discussion of their suitability, limitations, and

management for specified uses. Soil scientists

observed the steepness, length, and shape of the

slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of

crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock.

They dug many holes to study the soil profile, which is

the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil.

The profile extends from the surface down into the

unconsolidated material in which the soil formed. The

unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other

living organisms and has not been changed by other

biological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey

area are in an orderly pattern that is related to the

geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural

vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and

miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind

of landform or with a segment of the landform. By

observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the

survey area and relating their position to specific

segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a

concept or model of how they were formed. Thus,

during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist

to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the

kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location

on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge

into one another as their characteristics gradually

change. To construct an accurate soil map, however,

soil scientists must determine the boundaries between

the soils. They can observe only a limited number of

soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,

supplemented by an understanding of the soilvegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to

verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to

determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the

soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color,

texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and

amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots,

reaction, and other features that enable them to

identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey
McMinn County, Tennessee 15

area and determining their properties, the soil

scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes

(units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each

taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with

precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a

basis for comparison to classify soils systematically.

Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification

used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind

and character of soil properties and the arrangement

of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists

classified and named the soils in the survey area, they

compared the individual soils with similar soils in the

same taxonomic class in other areas so that they

could confirm data and assemble additional data

based on experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some

of the soils in the area generally are collected for

laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil

scientists interpret the data from these analyses and

tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and

the soil properties to determine the expected behavior

of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all

of the soils are field tested through observation of the

soils in different uses and under different levels of

management. Some interpretations are modified to fit

local conditions, and some new interpretations are

developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled

from other sources, such as research information,

production records, and field experience of specialists.

For example, data on crop yields under defined levels

of management are assembled from farm records and

from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of

soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only

on soil properties but also on such variables as

climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are

predictable over long periods of time, but they are not

predictable from year to year. For example, soil

scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of

accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table

within certain depths in most years, but they cannot

predict that a high water table will always be at a

specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the

significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area,

they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial

photographs and identified each as a specific map

unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,

roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating

boundaries accurately.

The descriptions, names, and delineations of the

soils in this survey area do not fully agree with those

of the soils in some adjacent survey areas. Differences

are the result of a better knowledge of soils,

modifications in series concepts, or variations in the

intensity of mapping or in the extent of the soils in the

survey areas.

Survey Procedures

The general procedures followed in making this

survey are described in the “National Soil Survey

Handbook” of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service and the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil Survey

Staff 1996; Soil Survey Division Staff 1993). The soil

survey of McMinn County published in 1957 (Bacon

and others 1957), the “Geologic Map of East

Tennessee with Explanatory Text” (USGS and

Tennessee Division of Geology 1953), and other soil

surveys of areas in the Ridges and Valleys and Blue

Ridge provinces were among the references used.

Before fieldwork began, boundaries of slopes and

landforms were plotted on United States Geological

Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute topographic maps at a

scale of 1:24,000. Maps from the 1957 soil survey

were reduced from a scale of 1:15,840 to a scale of

1:24,000 to aid in transferring the boundaries. These

boundaries and soil descriptions were used as a

reference to plan soil observations and complete

transects. Soil examinations were completed with the

aid of a hand auger or spade or a hydraulic soil probe

to a depth of 4 to 6 feet or to bedrock, whichever was

shallower. After summarization of transects, the older

soil series and map units were combined or

reclassified, or both, according to the eighth edition of

“Keys to Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff 1998).

Some soil series were dropped from the legend

because of updates in soil classification. The 1938

United States Department of Agriculture Handbook,

“Soils and Men,” was the classification resource used

for the 1957 survey. Five soil series were established

to fill in gaps caused by the classification conversion

and changes in interpretations of certain soil

properties.

Samples for chemical and physical analyses were

taken from representative sites of several soils in the

survey area. The chemical and physical analyses

were made by the Soil Survey Laboratory (SSL),

Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lincoln,

Nebraska, and the Department of Plant and Soils

Science, University of Tennessee-Knoxville (USDA

1996). The SSL analyses are available in

computerized data files, which can be accessed at the

NRCS Soils Web site at http://soils.usda.gov. The
16

University of Tennessee analyses are included in a

thesis by M.C. Oliver (Oliver 1997).

After completion of the soil mapping on 7.5-minute

topographic maps, map unit delineations were

transferred by hand to orthophotographs at a scale of

1:24,000. The density of the soil map units was

generally decreased as a result of the change in map

scale from 1:15,840 to 1:24,000. Surface drainage and

cultural features were transferred from 7.5-minute

topographic maps.
17

The general soil map in this publication shows

broad areas that have a distinctive pattern of soils,

relief, and drainage. Each map unit on the general soil

map is a unique natural landscape. Typically, it

consists of one or more major soils or miscellaneous

areas and some minor soils or miscellaneous areas. It

is named for the major soils or miscellaneous areas.

The components of one map unit can occur in another

but in a different pattern.

The general soil map can be used to compare the

suitability of large areas for general land uses. Areas

of suitable soils can be identified on the map. Likewise,

areas where the soils are not suitable can be

identified.

Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable

for planning the management of a farm or field or for

selecting a site for a road or building or other structure.

The soils in any one map unit differ from place to place

in slope, depth, drainage, and other characteristics

that affect management.

1. Fullerton-Bodine-Rockdell

Very deep, nearly level to very steep, well drained and

somewhat excessively drained soils that have a clayey

or loamy subsoil; formed in colluvium, residuum, or

alluvium derived from cherty limestone and dolomite

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landform: Ridge crests, shoulder slopes, backslopes,

and side slopes (figs. 2 and 3)

Slope range: 0 to 60 percent

Composition

Extent of map unit: 38 percent of the survey area

Composition of map unit:

Fullerton soils—43 percent

Bodine soils—22 percent

Rockdell soils—5 percent

Minor components—30 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Fullerton

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on landform: Ridge crests, shoulder slopes,

backslopes, and side slopes

Parent material: Cherty limestone or dolomite

residuum; some pedons have 1 to 2 feet of

colluvium overlying the residuum

Surface texture: Gravelly silt loam

Slope: Gently sloping to very steep

Bodine

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Position on landform: Ridge crests, shoulder slopes,

backslopes, and side slopes

Parent material: Cherty limestone and dolomite

residuum; the upper 24 inches of the profile may

have formed in colluvium or creep

Surface texture: Gravelly silt loam

Slope: Sloping to very steep

Rockdell

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on landform: Flood plains and drainageways

near cherty uplands

Parent material: Mixed alluvium derived from cherty

limestone and shale

Surface texture: Gravelly loam

Slope: Nearly level and gently sloping

Minor Components

• Dewey and Waynesboro soils on high stream

terraces

• Minvale, Tasso, and Etowah soils on footslopes, the

lower side slopes, and low stream terraces

• Hamblen, Bloomingdale, and Etowah soils on flood

plains

General Soil Map Units
18 Soil Survey

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland, pasture, hayland, woodland,

and wildlife habitat

Management concerns:

• The hazard of erosion in sloping to very steep

areas

• The low available water capacity in areas of the

Bodine and Rockdell soils

• The equipment limitation in steep and very steep

wooded areas

Management considerations:

• Implementing and maintaining erosion-control

practices in gently sloping to steep areas of

cropland

• Preventing overgrazing and maintaining the

proper fertility level in areas used for pasture or

hay

• Locating roads and trails as closely on the contour

as possible, installing water breaks and culverts,

and closing and seeding roads that are no longer

used

• Controlling undesirable species and replanting after

harvest in areas of woodland

• Providing food, cover, and nesting areas for

wildlife

2. Coile-Apison-Sunlight

Shallow and moderately deep, sloping to very steep,

well drained soils; formed in residuum from

interbedded acid shale, siltstone, or sandstone

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landform: Ridge crests and side slopes (fig. 2)

Slope range: 5 to 65 percent

Composition

Extent of map unit: 10 percent of the survey

area

Composition of map unit:

Coile soils—27 percent

Apison and similar soils—20 percent

Sunlight soils—19 percent

Minor components—34 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Coile

Depth class: Shallow and moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Figure 2.—Relationship of soils and parent material in the Fullerton-Bodine-Rockdell and Coile-Apison-Sunlight general soil map

units.

Sunlight and Apison

Rogers Creek Ridge

Fullerton and Bodine

Fullerton and Dewey

Hamblen

Rogers

Creek

Bloomingdale

Hamblen

Short Creek

Copper Ridge Dolomite

Coile-Apison-Sunlight Fullerton-Bodine-Rockdell

NE

Younger

Alluvium

Fault

Copper

Ridge Dolomite

Older

Alluvium

 Rome Formation

(Interbedded Shale, Siltstone,

and Sandstone)

Waynesboro and Etowah

Coile, Townley, and

Corryton

Hamblen

Conasauga Group
McMinn County, Tennessee 19

Position on landform: Ridge crests and side

slopes

Parent material: Material weathered from tilted and

fractured, fissile, acid shale

Surface texture: Silt loam

Slope: Sloping to very steep

Apison

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on landform: Ridge crests and side

slopes

Parent material: Material weathered from acid shale

and interbedded sandstone

Surface texture: Loam

Slope: Sloping to very steep

Sunlight

Depth class: Shallow

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on landform: Narrow, convex ridge crests,

shoulder slopes, and side slopes

Parent material: Material weathered from tilted,

interbedded siltstone, shale, and sandstone

Surface texture: Channery sandy loam

Slope: Sloping to very steep

Minor Components

• Intermingled areas of Corryton and Townley

soils

• Hamblen and Wolftever soils on flood plains and

along drainageways

Use and Management

Major uses: Pasture, hayland, and woodland

Management concerns:

• The shallow root zone, the depth to bedrock, the low

available water capacity, the hazard of erosion, and

the hazard of windthrow

Management considerations:

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an

adequate vegetative cover in areas used for pasture or

hay

Figure 3.—Relationship of soils and parent material in the Fullerton-Bodine-Rockdell and Fullerton-Dewey-Waynesboro general soil

map units.

Fullerton and Minvale

Fullerton and Bodine

Waynesboro

Waynesboro

Dewey

Dewey

Fullerton

Hamblen

Etowah

Knox Group

Older Alluvium

Knoxville

Fault

Copper 

Ridge 

Dolomite

Copper 

Ridge 

Dolomite

Conasauga

Group

Maynardville

Limestone

SW

Fullerton-Bodine-Rockdell Fullerton-Dewey-Waynesboro

Rockdell

Conasauga

Group

Older

Alluvium

Younger

Alluvium

Fullerton

and

Minvale
20 Soil Survey

• Locating roads and trails as closely to the contour as

possible, installing water breaks and culverts, and

applying a carefully regulated thinning program in

areas of woodland

3. Coile-Corryton-Hamblen-Townley

Shallow, moderately deep, and very deep, nearly level

to very steep, well drained and moderately well

drained soils; formed in acid shale residuum and in

alluvium

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landform: Broad ridge crests and side slopes

Slope range: 0 to 35 percent

Composition

Extent of map unit: 14 percent of the survey area

Composition of map unit:

Coile soils—39 percent

Corryton and similar soils—14 percent

Hamblen and similar soils—10 percent

Townley soils—9 percent

Minor components—28 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Coile

Depth class: Shallow and moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on landform: Broad ridge crests and side

slopes

Parent material: Acid shale residuum

Surface texture: Silt loam

Slope: Gently sloping to very steep

Corryton

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on landform: Broad ridge crests and side

slopes

Parent material: Acid shale residuum

Surface texture: Silt loam

Slope: Gently sloping and sloping

Hamblen

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Position on landform: Flood plains and

drainageways

Parent material: Mixed alluvium derived from

limestone, shale, and sandstone

Surface texture: Silt loam

Slope: Nearly level and gently sloping

Townley

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on landform: Broad ridge crests and side

slopes in valleys

Parent material: Material weathered from tilted and

fractured, acid shale

Surface texture: Silt loam

Slope: Gently sloping and sloping

Minor Components

• Intermingled areas of Udorthents and Waynesboro,

Dewey, and Etowah soils

• Wolftever and Bellamy soils on low terraces and

along drainageways

• Etowah and Bloomingdale soils on flood plains and

along drainageways

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland, pasture, and hayland

Management concerns:

• The hazard of erosion

• The depth to bedrock and the low available water

capacity in areas of the Coile and Townley soils

Management considerations:

• Applying a system of conservation tillage, such as

no-till planting

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and a vegetative

cover

4. Fullerton-Dewey-Waynesboro

Very deep, gently sloping to very steep, well drained

soils; formed in residuum, colluvium, and alluvium

derived from cherty limestone and dolomite and in old,

mixed alluvium

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landform: Broad ridge crests, side slopes, and

terraces (fig. 3)

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Composition

Extent of map unit: 18 percent of the survey area

Composition of map unit:

Fullerton soils—42 percent

Dewey soils—16 percent

Waynesboro soils—13 percent

Minor components—29 percent
McMinn County, Tennessee 21

5. Tellico-Red Hills-Nonaburg

Shallow, moderately deep, and very deep, sloping to

very steep, well drained soils; formed in residuum and

colluvium derived from quartzose limestone and

calcareous sandstone and shale

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (in the Red Hills area)

Landform: Narrow ridge crests, backslopes, and side

slopes (fig. 4)

Slope range: 5 to 80 percent

Composition

Extent of map unit: 17 percent of the survey area

Composition of map unit:

Tellico and similar soils—29 percent

Red Hills and similar soils—20 percent

Nonaburg and similar soils—17 percent

Minor components—34 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Tellico

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on landform: Narrow ridge crests, backslopes,

and side slopes

Parent material: Material weathered from quartzose

limestone and calcareous sandstone and

shale

Surface texture: Loam

Slope: Sloping to very steep

Red Hills

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on landform: Side slopes and backslopes

Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from

quartzose limestone and calcareous sandstone

and shale

Surface texture: Sandy loam

Slope: Steep and very steep

Nonaburg

Depth class: Shallow

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on landform: Narrow ridge crests, shoulder

slopes, and side slopes

Parent material: Material weathered from calcareous

shale and thin interbedded layers of limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Fullerton

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on landform: Broad ridge crests and

side slopes

Parent material: Cherty limestone and dolomite

residuum; some pedons have 1 to 2 feet of

colluvium overlying the residuum

Surface texture: Gravelly silt loam

Slope: Gently sloping to very steep

Dewey

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on landform: Broad ridge crests and

side slopes

Parent material: Old alluvium underlain by

material weathered from limestone or

dolomite

Surface texture: Silt loam and silty clay loam

Slope: Gently sloping to moderately steep

Waynesboro

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on landform: Broad ridge crests and stream

terraces

Parent material: Old alluvium derived from sandstone,

shale, and limestone

Surface texture: Clay loam and silt loam

Slope: Gently sloping to moderately steep

Minor Components

• Etowah, Hamblen, and Rockdell soils on flood plains

and along drainageways

• Tasso and Etowah soils on stream terraces and

benches

• Intermingled areas of Corryton soils

• Scattered areas of Bradyville soils and Rock

outcrop

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland, pasture, and hayland

Management concerns:

• The hazard of erosion in sloping areas

Management considerations:

• Maintaining a proper fertility level and an adequate

vegetative cover

• Using terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and field strips
22 Soil Survey

Surface texture: Silty clay loam

Slope: Sloping to very steep

Minor Components

• Alcoa soils on footslopes, terraces, and the lower

side slopes

• Neubert and Etowah soils on flood plains, along

drainageways, and on low terraces

• Intermingled areas of Steekee, Coghill, Apison, and

Needmore soils

Use and Management

Major uses: Woodland

Management concerns:

• The hazard of erosion, the steepness of slope, and

the depth to bedrock in areas of the Red Hills and

Nonaburg soils

Management considerations:

• Locating roads and trails as closely on the

contour as possible, installing water breaks and

culverts, and closing and seeding roads that are

no longer used

6. Lostcove-Unicoi-Cataska

Shallow and very deep, gently sloping to very steep,

well drained and excessively drained soils; formed in

colluvium on footslopes and in residuum from arkosic

sandstone and metashale on ridge crests and side

slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landform: Footslopes, ridge crests, shoulder slopes,

and side slopes (fig. 4)

Slope range: 2 to 120 percent

Composition

Extent of map unit: 3 percent of the survey area

Composition of map unit:

Lostcove soils—38 percent

Unicoi soils—19 percent

Cataska soils—11 percent

Minor components—32 percent

Figure 4.—Relationship of soils and parent material in the Tellico-Red Hills-Nonaburg and Lostcove-Unicoi-Cataska general soil

map units.

Unicoi and Cataska

Unicoi and McCamy

Etowah 

Alcoa and Tellico

Nonaburg and 

Needmore

Nonaburg and Needmore

Etowah

Neubert

Rock

Outcrop

Tellico

Red Hills, Steekee,

and Tellico

Holston Limestone

 Conasauga Group

 Alluvium

Athens 

Shale

Chilhowee

W and alden Creek

Groups

Lostcove-Unicoi-Cataska Tellico-Red Hills-Nonaburg

SW

Lenoir

Limestone

Colluvium

Holston

Limestone

Sandstone

Cobbly,

Stony,

and Bouldery

Colluvium

 Conasauga

Group Fault

Fault

Starr Mountain

Etowah 

Lostcove and Keener
McMinn County, Tennessee 23

Soil Properties and Qualities

Lostcove

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on landform: Lower side slopes and

footslopes

Parent material: Colluvium derived from arkosic

sandstone

Surface texture: Gravelly loam

Slope: Gently sloping to very steep

Unicoi

Depth class: Shallow

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Position on landform: Ridge crests and the upper

side slopes

Parent material: Arkosic sandstone residuum

Surface texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Slope: Sloping to very steep

Cataska

Depth class: Shallow

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Position on landform: Upper side slopes

Parent material: Material weathered from

tilted metashale and fractured arkosic

sandstone

Surface texture: Very channery loam

Slope: Steep and very steep

Minor Components

• Harmiller and McCamy soils on ridge

crests

• Intermingled areas of Keener soils on the lower side

slopes and footslopes

• Isolated areas of Rock outcrop on ridge crests and

the upper side slopes

• Etowah soils on the higher terraces

• Atkins and Arkaqua soils on flood plains

Use and Management

Major uses: Woodland

Management concerns:

• The equipment limitation and the seedling mortality

rate

• The depth to bedrock and the hazard of windthrow in

areas of the Unicoi and Cataska soils

Management considerations:

• Applying a carefully regulated thinning program and

cabling and winching logs

• Carefully choosing planting sites for seedlings and

reinforcement plantings

• Locating roads and trails as closely on the contour

as possible, installing water breaks and culverts, and

closing and seeding roads that are no longer used

25

The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps

in this survey represent the soils or miscellaneous

areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions in

this section, along with the maps, can be used to

determine the suitability and potential of a unit for

specific uses. They also can be used to plan the

management needed for those uses.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an

area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or

miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and

named according to the taxonomic classification of the

dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are

precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.

On the landscape, however, the soils are natural

phenomena, and they have the characteristic

variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of

some observed properties may extend beyond the

limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a

single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped

without including areas of other taxonomic classes.

Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils

or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and

some minor components that belong to taxonomic

classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of

the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus

they do not affect use and management. These are

called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They

may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit

description. Other minor components, however, have

properties and behavioral characteristics divergent

enough to affect use or to require different

management. These are called contrasting, or

dissimilar, components. They generally are in small

areas and could not be mapped separately because of

the scale used. Some small areas of strongly

contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified

by a special symbol on the maps. The contrasting

components are mentioned in the map unit

descriptions. A few areas of minor components may

not have been observed, and consequently they are

not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where

the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to

make enough observations to identify all the soils and

miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in

no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the

data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure

taxonomic classes but rather to separate the

landscape into landforms or landform segments that

have similar use and management requirements. The

delineation of such segments on the map provides

sufficient information for the development of resource

plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned,

however, onsite investigation is needed to define and

locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name

in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes

general facts about the unit and gives the principal

hazards and limitations to be considered in planning

for specific uses.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make

up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the

surface layer, all the soils of a series have major

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the

surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of

erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use.

On the basis of such differences, a soil series is

divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on

the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The

name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature

that affects use or management. For example, Dewey

silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, is a phase of the

Dewey series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major

soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are

complexes or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils or

miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in

such small areas that they cannot be shown

separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of

the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar

in all areas. Corryton-Townley complex, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded, is an example.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or

more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be

mapped individually but are mapped as one unit

because similar interpretations can be made for use

Detailed Soil Map Units
26 Soil Survey

and management. The pattern and proportion of the

soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not

uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the

major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made

up of all of them. Red Hills and Steekee soils, 35 to 80

percent slopes, rocky, is an undifferentiated group in

this survey area.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such

areas have little or no soil material and support little or

no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.

Table 4 gives the acreage and proportionate extent

of each map unit. Other tables give properties of the

soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials for

many uses. The Glossary defines many of the terms

used in describing the soils or miscellaneous areas.

AaB2—Alcoa loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (in the Red Hills area)

Landscape position: Footslopes and terraces

Size of areas: 5 to 35 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or cropland

Composition

Alcoa soil and similar components: 90 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Tellico soils

• Dewey and Waynesboro soils

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil than the

Alcoa soil

Contrasting components:

• Isolated areas of soils that have bedrock at a depth

of 40 to 60 inches

• Small areas of Neubert soils on narrow flood plains

and along drainageways

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable loam

Subsoil:

3 to 14 inches—dark red, friable sandy clay loam

14 to 33 inches—dark reddish brown, friable clay

33 to 62 inches—dark reddish brown, friable clay with

brownish yellow mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• Terraces, grassed waterways, field borders, and filter

strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.
McMinn County, Tennessee 27

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderate permeability, the clayey subsoil, low

strength, and the shrink-swell potential.

• The moderate permeability and clayey texture in the

subsoil are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities

and building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2e

AaC2—Alcoa loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (in the Red Hills area)

Landscape position: Footslopes and terraces

Size of areas: 5 to 200 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or cropland

Composition

Alcoa soil and similar components: 90 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Dewey and Waynesboro soils

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil than the

Alcoa soil

Contrasting components:

• Isolated areas of soils that have bedrock at a depth

of 40 to 60 inches

• Small areas of Neubert soils on narrow flood plains

and along drainageways

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable

loam

Subsoil:

3 to 14 inches—dark red, friable sandy clay loam

14 to 33 inches—dark reddish brown, friable clay

33 to 62 inches—dark reddish brown, friable clay with

brownish yellow mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.

• Erosion is a moderate hazard if a conventional

tillage system is used.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• The steepness of slope may be a limitation affecting

hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.
28 Soil Survey

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the

plant competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderate permeability, the clayey subsoil, low

strength, the shrink-swell potential, and the steepness

of slope.

• The moderate permeability and clayey texture in the

subsoil are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities

and building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting some

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 3e

AaD2—Alcoa loam, 12 to 25 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (in the Red Hills area)

Landscape position: Footslopes and the lower side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 40 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or woodland

Composition

Alcoa soil and similar components: 90 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Isolated areas of Coghill soils

• Waynesboro soils

• Soils that have yellow colors and less sand in the

subsoil that the Alcoa soil

Contrasting components:

• Intermingled areas of Apison soils

• Small areas of Neubert soils on narrow flood plains

and along drainageways

• Collegedale soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable loam

Subsoil:

3 to 14 inches—dark red, friable sandy clay loam

14 to 33 inches—dark reddish brown, friable clay

33 to 62 inches—dark reddish brown, friable clay with

brownish yellow mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High
McMinn County, Tennessee 29

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern is the hazard of

erosion.

• Erosion is a severe hazard if a conventional tillage

system is used.

• A long-term crop rotation that includes grasses and

legumes helps to control erosion.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• Diversions, grassed waterways, field borders, and

filter strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitation is the steepness of

slope.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of this

soil as hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation,

deferred grazing, and a well planned clipping and

harvesting schedule are important management

practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, and plant

competition.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as

possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are

short enough that conventional equipment can be

used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the

plant competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair, and

the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderate permeability, the clayey subsoil, low

strength, the shrink-swell potential, and the steepness

of slope.
30 Soil Survey

• The moderate permeability and clayey texture in the

subsoil are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities

and building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting some

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 4e

AcF—Apison-Coile complex, 25 to

60 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Narrow ridge crests and

dissected side slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 100 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Apison soil and similar components: 50 to 80 percent

Coile soil and similar components: 20 to 50 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil than the

Apison and Coile soils

• Intermingled areas of soils that have dark red colors

Contrasting components:

• Intermingled areas of Coghill, Corryton, and Townley

soils

• Isolated areas of Rock outcrop near slope breaks

• Soils that have hard bedrock at a depth of 20 to

40 inches

Typical Profile

Apison

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches—yellowish red, friable clay loam with

brown mottles

19 to 22 inches—strong brown, friable channery clay

loam with brownish yellow mottles

Substratum:

22 to 60 inches—brown, friable sandy loam; layers of

olive yellow, soft, sandy shale bedrock in the lower

part

Coile

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark brown, very friable silt loam

Subsoil:

3 to 10 inches—dark yellowish brown and strong

brown, friable very channery silt loam and

channery clay

Substratum:

10 to 18 inches—strong brown, friable channery clay

with light brownish yellow mottles

Soft bedrock:

18 to 24 inches—light olive brown and light yellowish

brown, tilted, acid shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Apison

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Coile

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or moderate

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately

acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 9 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion and the

depth to bedrock.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Unsuited
McMinn County, Tennessee 31

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the steepness of slope, the

moderate available water capacity of the Apison soil,

and the very low available water capacity of the Coile

soil.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, plant competition,

seedling mortality, and the hazard of windthrow.

• The hazard of erosion may be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as

possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are

short enough that conventional equipment can be

used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, seedling

mortality may be a problem because of the very low

available water capacity in the Coile soil.

• Aspect and the depth to bedrock should be carefully

considered when planting sites are selected for

seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone in the Coile soil.

• Stands in areas of the Coile soil should be thinned

less intensively and more frequently than those in

areas where windthrow is less likely.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant on

this map unit.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good in

areas of the Apison soil and fair in areas of the Coile

soil.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The depth to bedrock is a limitation affecting most

building site development.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting most

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 7e

AsC—Apison-Sunlight complex, 5 to

12 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Dissected ridge crests and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 80 acres

Major land use: Woodland, hay, or pasture

Composition

Apison soil and similar components: 50 to 90 percent

Sunlight soil and similar components: 10 to 45 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Coile and Townley soils

Contrasting components:

• Isolated areas of Rock outcrop
32 Soil Survey

• Scattered areas of soils that are more than

40 inches deep over bedrock

Typical Profile

Apison

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches—yellowish red, friable clay loam with

brown mottles

19 to 22 inches—strong brown, friable channery clay

loam with brownish yellow mottles

Substratum:

22 to 60 inches—brown, friable sandy loam; layers of

olive yellow, soft, sandy shale bedrock in the lower

part

Sunlight

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable

channery sandy loam

Subsoil:

3 to 13 inches—reddish brown, friable very channery

loam

Soft bedrock:

13 to 20 inches—fractured and tilted, reddish siltstone,

sandstone, and shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Apison

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Sunlight

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion on both

soils, the depth to bedrock and the very low available

water capacity of the Sunlight soil, and the moderate

available water capacity of the Apison soil.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the moderate available

water capacity of the Apison soil and the very low

available water capacity of the Sunlight soil.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are plant

competition in areas of the Apison soil and seedling

mortality and the hazard of windthrow in areas of the

Sunlight soil.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the shallow

rooting depth and the very low available water capacity

of the Sunlight soil.

• Aspect and the depth to bedrock should be carefully

considered when planting sites are selected for

seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone in the Sunlight soil.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.
McMinn County, Tennessee 33

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good in areas of the Apison soil.

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is fair in

areas of the Sunlight soil.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

depth to bedrock and the steepness of slope.

• The depth to bedrock and the steepness of slope

are limitations affecting most building site development

and sanitary facilities.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Apison—3e;

Sunlight—6e

AsF—Apison-Sunlight complex, 25 to

60 percent slopes, very rocky

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Dissected ridge crests and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to several hundred acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Apison soil and similar components: 40 to 50 percent

Sunlight soil and similar components: 35 to 45 percent

Rock outcrop: 2 to 10 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil than the

Apison and Sunlight soils

• Intermingled areas of Coile and Townley soils

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of soils that are more than

40 inches deep over bedrock

Typical Profile

Apison

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches—yellowish red, friable clay loam with

brown mottles

19 to 22 inches—strong brown, friable channery clay

loam with brownish yellow mottles

Substratum:

22 to 60 inches—brown, friable sandy loam; layers of

olive yellow, soft, sandy shale bedrock in the lower

part

Sunlight

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable

channery sandy loam

Subsoil:

3 to 13 inches—reddish brown, friable very channery

loam

Soft bedrock:

13 to 20 inches—fractured and tilted, reddish siltstone,

sandstone, and shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Apison

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Sunlight

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate
34 Soil Survey

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting cultivated crops are

erosion and the depth to bedrock in areas of the

Sunlight soil.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the steepness of slope, the

moderate available water capacity of the Apison soil,

and the very low available water capacity of the

Sunlight soil.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, seedling mortality,

and the hazard of windthrow on both soils and plant

competition in areas of the Apison soil.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop in

areas of the Apison soil.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the shallow

rooting depth and the very low available water capacity

of the Sunlight soil.

• Aspect and the depth to bedrock should be carefully

considered when planting sites are selected for

seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone in the Sunlight soil.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good in

areas of the Apison soil and fair in areas of the

Sunlight soil.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

depth to bedrock and the steepness of slope.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 7e

At—Atkins-Arkaqua complex, frequently

flooded

Setting

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge (in the southern

part)

Landscape position: Flood plain along Bullet Creek
McMinn County, Tennessee 35

Size of areas: 160 acres

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Atkins soil and similar components: 70 to 90 percent

Arkaqua soil and similar components: 10 to 30 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that are moderately well drained

• Small areas of soils that are ponded for brief

periods

Contrasting components:

• Small areas of Keener soils

• Soils on footslopes

• Intermingled areas of Harmiller and Junaluska soils

at the slightly higher elevations

Typical Profile

Atkins

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches—moderately decomposed hardwood

litter and roots

2 to 6 inches—brown, very friable silt loam

Subsoil:

6 to 30 inches—grayish brown, friable loam with

yellowish brown mottles

30 to 42 inches—grayish brown, friable sandy loam

with yellowish brown mottles

Substratum:

42 to 60 inches—light brownish gray, very friable

sandy loam with strong brown and yellowish

brown mottles

Arkaqua

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches—moderately decomposed leaves, twigs,

and roots

2 to 7 inches—dark grayish brown silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 14 inches—light yellowish brown, friable loam with

brownish gray mottles

14 to 22 inches—light brownish gray, friable loam with

olive yellow mottles

22 to 33 inches—light gray, very friable sandy loam

with brown mottles

Substratum:

33 to 45 inches—light gray, friable very gravelly sandy

loam with brown mottles

45 to 60 inches—gray, friable very gravelly loam with

brown mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Atkins

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Slow to moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At the surface or within a

depth of 12 inches

Flooding: Frequent

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Arkaqua

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: Between depths of 12 and

24 inches

Flooding: Frequent

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the seasonal high water table and

the flooding.

• Better drained soils should be used for cultivated

crops.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the seasonal high water

table and the flooding.

• Deferment of grazing when the soils are wet

minimizes compaction and damage to the stand and

helps to prevent excessive runoff.

• The species that are tolerant of the wetness and the

flooding grow best.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited
36 Soil Survey

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the equipment

limitation, plant competition, and seedling mortality.

• Operating equipment when the soils are wet results

in excessive rutting or miring.

• Equipment should be operated only when the soils

are dry and after gravel or other suitable subgrade

material has been added to the main roads.

• If possible, roads should be constructed in areas of

nearby, better suited soils.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the seasonal

high water table.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Preparing the seedbed so that seedlings can be

planted on ridges helps to overcome the wetness.

• The species that can tolerate the wetness should be

selected for planting.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for wetland and openland wildlife

habitat is fair.

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is fair in

areas of the Atkins soil and good in areas of the

Arkaqua soil.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

flooding and the wetness.

• The flooding and the wetness are difficult to

overcome.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Atkins—4w;

Arkaqua—3w

BeB—Bellamy silt loam, 1 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Low stream terraces and

drainageways

Size of areas: 5 to 40 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hayland, cropland, or

woodland

Composition

Bellamy soil and similar components: 80 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 20 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Shady soils at the slightly higher elevations

• Wolftever soils in landscape positions similar to

those of the Bellamy soil

• Intermingled areas of somewhat poorly drained soils

• Scattered areas of Tasso soils

Contrasting components:

• Small areas of Bloomingdale soils in depressions

• Hamblen and Steadman soils, which are subject to

flooding

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—brown, very friable silt loam

Subsoil:

9 to 17 inches—yellowish brown, very friable silt loam

with yellow mottles

17 to 25 inches—pale brown, friable clay loam with

light brownish gray mottles

25 to 38 inches—yellowish brown, firm clay loam with

light brownish gray mottles

38 to 58 inches—grayish brown, firm clay loam with

brown and brownish yellow mottles

58 to 67 inches—mottled light brownish gray, brown,

and brownish yellow, firm silty clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: Moderate
McMinn County, Tennessee 37

Depth to fragic properties: Between 14 and 24 inches

Seasonal high water table: Between depths of 15 and

24 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the moderately deep root zone,

the moderate available water capacity, and the

wetness.

• The wetness delays planting and harvesting in some

years.

• Crop species that have a short growing season and

can tolerate the wetness should be selected for

planting.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management, and

cover crops help to control erosion, increase the rate

of infiltration, and maintain soil tilth.

• Terraces, grassed waterways, field borders, and filter

strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• The growth of some forage species is limited by the

moderately deep root zone and the moderate available

water capacity.

• The forage species that can tolerate the wetness

and the flooding grow best.

• Deferment of grazing when the soil is wet minimizes

compaction and damage to the stand and helps to

prevent excessive runoff.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

wetness and the moderately slow permeability in the

subsoil.

• Special measures are needed to help overcome

subsurface drainage problems.

• This soil is best suited to dwellings without

basements.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2e

Bm—Bloomingdale silty clay loam,

occasionally flooded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Flood plains and depressions

Size of areas: 4 to 115 acres
38 Soil Survey

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or woodland

Composition

Bloomingdale soil and similar components: 80 to

90 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 20 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of soils that have less clay in the

subsoil than the Bloomingdale soil

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

Contrasting components:

• Intermingled areas of Steadman, Hamblen, and

Bellamy soils at the slightly higher elevations

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—gray, friable silty clay loam

Subsoil:

5 to 14 inches—gray, friable clay with yellowish brown

mottles

Substratum:

14 to 60 inches—gray, friable clay with yellowish

brown mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At the surface or within a

depth of 12 inches

Flooding: Occasional

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to moderately alkaline

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the seasonal high water table and

the flooding.

• The wetness delays planting and harvesting in most

years.

• Crop species that have a short growing season and

can tolerate the wetness should be selected for

planting.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the seasonal high water

table and the flooding.

• The forage species that can tolerate the wetness

and the flooding grow best.

Woodland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the equipment

limitation, plant competition, and seedling mortality.

• Operating equipment when the soil is wet results in

excessive rutting or miring.

• Equipment should be operated only when the soil is

dry and after gravel or other suitable subgrade

material has been added to the main roads.

• If possible, roads should be constructed in areas of

nearby, better suited soils.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the seasonal

high water table.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Preparing the seedbed so that seedlings can be

planted on ridges helps to overcome the wetness.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for wetland wildlife habitat is good, and

the potential for openland and woodland wildlife habitat

is fair.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Buffer zones along streams provide food and cover

as well as erosion control.

• Establishing shallow water areas provides a water

source for upland wildlife and promotes use of the

area by waterfowl, shore birds, and other wetland

wildlife.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

flooding and the wetness.
McMinn County, Tennessee 39

• The flooding and the wetness are difficult to

overcome.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 4w

BoC2—Bodine gravelly silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests and shoulder slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 440 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or woodland

Composition

Bodine soil and similar components: 85 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Fullerton soils

• Minvale soils on footslopes and in coves

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil than the

Bodine soil

Contrasting components:

• Isolated areas of Rock outcrop

• Rockdell soils in narrow drainageways

• Small areas of soils that have limestone bedrock at a

depth of 20 to 40 inches

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch—partially decomposed pine needles and

twigs

1 to 6 inches—brown, very friable gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

6 to 15 inches—yellowish brown, very friable gravelly

silt loam

Subsoil:

15 to 25 inches—yellowish brown, friable very gravelly

silty clay loam

25 to 36 inches—strong brown, friable very gravelly

clay loam with brownish yellow mottles

36 to 50 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly clay

50 to 62 inches—mottled red, strong brown, and

brownish yellow, firm gravelly clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion and the low

available water capacity.

• The gravelly surface layer may restrict tillage.

• Erosion is a moderate hazard if a conventional

tillage system is used.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitation is the low available water

capacity.

• The steepness of slope may be a limitation affecting

hayland.

• The plant species that can withstand droughtiness

grow best.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.
40 Soil Survey

• The seedling mortality rate may be high because of

the gravelly surface layer and the low available water

capacity.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until a

desirable stand is attained.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is fair.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

pebbles and cobbles throughout the soil and the

steepness of slope.

• The gravel in the surface layer and the pebbles,

cobbles, and stones throughout the soil may cause

problems in areas used for lawns or when the soil is

landscaped or excavated.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 4s

BoD2—Bodine gravelly silt loam, 12 to

25 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Side slopes, shoulder slopes, and

ridge crests

Size of areas: 5 to 295 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or woodland

Composition

Bodine soil and similar components: 85 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Fullerton soils

• Minvale soils on footslopes and in coves

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil than the

Bodine soil

Contrasting components:

• Isolated areas of Rock outcrop

• Rockdell soils in narrow drainageways

• Small areas of soils that have limestone bedrock at a

depth of 20 to 40 inches

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch—partially decomposed pine needles and

twigs

1 to 6 inches—brown, very friable gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

6 to 15 inches—yellowish brown, very friable gravelly

silt loam

Subsoil:

15 to 25 inches—yellowish brown, friable very gravelly

silty clay loam

25 to 36 inches—strong brown, friable very gravelly

clay loam with brownish yellow mottles

36 to 50 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly clay

50 to 62 inches—mottled red, strong brown, and

brownish yellow, firm gravelly clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for
McMinn County, Tennessee 41

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the

steepness of slope, and the low available water

capacity.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the low available water

capacity and the steepness of slope.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of this

soil as hayland.

• The plant species that can withstand droughtiness

grow best.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, plant competition,

and seedling mortality.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the low

available water capacity and the gravelly surface layer.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to

plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is fair.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

pebbles, cobbles, and stones throughout the soil and

the steepness of slope.

• The gravel in the surface layer and the pebbles,

cobbles, and stones throughout the soil may cause

problems in areas used for lawns or when the soil is

landscaped or excavated.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 6s

BoF2—Bodine gravelly silt loam, 25 to

60 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Side slopes, shoulder slopes, and

backslopes
42 Soil Survey

Size of areas: 5 to 275 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Bodine soil and similar components: 85 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Fullerton soils

• Minvale soils on footslopes and in coves

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil than the

Bodine soil

• Soils that have a very gravelly or extremely gravelly

surface layer

Contrasting components:

• Isolated areas of Rock outcrop

• Rockdell soils in narrow drainageways

• Small areas of soils that have limestone bedrock at a

depth of 20 to 40 inches

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch—partially decomposed pine needles and

twigs

1 to 6 inches—brown, very friable gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

6 to 15 inches—yellowish brown, very friable gravelly

silt loam

Subsoil:

15 to 25 inches—yellowish brown, friable very gravelly

silty clay loam

25 to 36 inches—strong brown, friable very gravelly

clay loam with brownish yellow mottles

36 to 50 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly clay

50 to 62 inches—mottled red, strong brown, and

brownish yellow, firm gravelly clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern in areas used for

cultivated crops is the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope limits the use of most

equipment.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the low available water

capacity and the steepness of slope.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of this

soil as hayland.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, plant competition,

and seedling mortality.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as

possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the low

available water capacity and the gravelly surface layer.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited
McMinn County, Tennessee 43

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is

fair.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

pebbles, cobbles, and stones throughout the soil and

the steepness of slope.

• The gravel in the surface layer and the pebbles,

cobbles, and stones throughout the soil may cause

problems in areas used for lawns or when the soil is

landscaped or excavated.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting most

urban uses.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 7s

BrE—Bradyville-Rock outcrop complex,

5 to 25 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Side slopes and ridges

Size of areas: 5 to 65 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Bradyville soil and similar components: 40 to

80 percent

Rock outcrop and similar components: 20 to

60 percent

Contrasting components: 0 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have limestone bedrock at a depth of 20 to

40 inches

• Dewey and Fullerton soils in landscape positions

similar to those of the Bradyville soil

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of soils that have limestone bedrock

within a depth of 20 inches

Typical Profile

Bradyville

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable gravelly

silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 20 inches—strong brown, friable clay

20 to 44 inches—yellowish red, firm clay

Bedrock:

44 to 48 inches—hard, gray limestone

Rock outcrop

The Rock outcrop occurs as areas of exposed

limestone or dolomite or in areas where less than 2 or

3 inches of soil material overlies the bedrock. Most

outcrops protrude from a few inches to about 2 feet

above the surface. The Rock outcrop supports little or

no vegetation.

Soil Properties and Qualities

Bradyville

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral

Depth to hard bedrock: 40 to 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the Rock

outcrop, and the steepness of slope.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the Rock outcrop and the

steepness of slope.

• The Rock outcrop and the steepness of slope

increase the difficulty of properly managing pastures

and limit the use of this map unit as hayland.
44 Soil Survey

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, and plant

competition.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• The depth to bedrock should be carefully considered

when planting sites are selected for seedlings.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair, and

the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

Rock outcrop and the steepness of slope.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Bradyville—4e; Rock

outcrop—8s

BrF—Bradyville-Rock outcrop complex,

25 to 50 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Side slopes and ridges

Size of areas: 5 to 40 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Bradyville soil and similar components: 45 to

80 percent

Rock outcrop and similar components: 20 to

55 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 20 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Moderately deep soils

• Soils that have more gravel throughout than the

Bradyville soil

• Dewey and Fullerton soils in landscape positions

similar to those of the Bradyville soil

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of soils that have limestone bedrock

within a depth of 20 inches

Typical Profile

Bradyville

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable gravelly

silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 20 inches—strong brown, friable clay

20 to 44 inches—yellowish red, firm clay

Bedrock:

44 to 48 inches—hard, gray limestone

Rock outcrop

The Rock outcrop occurs as areas of exposed

limestone or dolomite or in areas where less than 2 or
McMinn County, Tennessee 45

3 inches of soil material overlies the bedrock. Most

outcrops protrude from a few inches to about 2 feet

above the surface, but some are on nearly vertical

bluffs that are up to 10 feet tall. The Rock outcrop

supports little or no vegetation.

Soil Properties and Qualities

Bradyville

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral

Depth to hard bedrock: 40 to 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the Rock

outcrop, and the steepness of slope.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the Rock outcrop and the

steepness of slope.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, plant competition,

and seedling mortality.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• The depth to bedrock should be carefully considered

when planting sites are selected for seedlings.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair, and

the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

Rock outcrop and the steepness of slope.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Bradyville—7e; Rock

outcrop—8s

CaF—Cataska very channery loam, 35 to

65 percent slopes, very rocky

Setting

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Steep side slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Cataska soil and similar components: 75 to 80 percent

Rock outcrop: 2 to 10 percent

Contrasting components: 20 to 25 percent
46 Soil Survey

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have more clay and fewer shale channers

in the subsoil than the Cataska soil

Contrasting components:

• Lostcove soils in coves

• Intermingled areas of Harmiller soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch—moderately decomposed leaf litter and

pine needles

1 to 6 inches—brown, very friable very channery

loam

Subsoil:

6 to 11 inches—yellowish brown, friable extremely

channery loam with strong brown mottles

Bedrock:

11 to 48 inches—soft, fractured metashale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the shallow

root zone, the depth to bedrock, the low available

water capacity, and the steepness of slope.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the low available water

capacity, the depth to bedrock, and the steepness of

slope.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, plant competition,

seedling mortality, and the hazard of windthrow.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are short enough that conventional

equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the shallow

rooting depth, the low available water capacity, and the

stoniness.

• Aspect, the depth to bedrock, and the stoniness

should be carefully considered when planting sites are

selected for seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is very

poor.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.
McMinn County, Tennessee 47

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

depth to bedrock and the steepness of slope.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 7s

CaG—Cataska very channery loam, 65 to

90 percent slopes, very rocky

Setting

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Steep side slopes

Size of areas: 10 to 370 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Cataska soil and similar components: 90 to 95 percent

Rock outcrop: 2 to 10 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Unicoi soils

• Soils that have clay and fewer rock fragments in the

subsoil than the Cataska soil

Contrasting components:

• Lostcove soils in coves

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch—moderately decomposed leaf litter and

pine needles

1 to 6 inches—brown, very friable very channery loam

Subsoil:

6 to 11 inches—yellowish brown, friable extremely

channery loam with strong brown mottles

Bedrock:

11 to 48 inches—soft, fractured metashale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the shallow

root zone, the depth to bedrock, the low available

water capacity, and the steepness of slope.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the low available water

capacity, the shallow root zone, the depth to bedrock,

and the steepness of slope.

Woodland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, plant competition,

seedling mortality, and the hazard of windthrow.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough that

conventional equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate can be high because of the shallow

rooting depth and the low available water capacity.

• Aspect and the depth to bedrock should be carefully
48 Soil Survey

considered when planting sites are selected for

seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is very

poor.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

depth to bedrock and the steepness of slope.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 7s

CgC—Coghill-Apison complex, 5 to

12 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Dissected ridges and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 100 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or woodland

Composition

Coghill soil and similar components: 30 to 65 percent

Apison soil and similar components: 30 to 60 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil than the

Coghill and Apison soils

• Eroded and severely eroded soils

• Small areas of Corryton and Townley soils

Contrasting components:

• Intermingled areas of Nonaburg and Coile soils

• A few areas of disturbed soils

Typical Profile

Coghill

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch—partially decomposed hardwood and

evergreen litter

1 to 5 inches—brown, very friable sandy

loam

Subsurface layer:

5 to 7 inches—dark yellowish brown, very friable

sandy loam

Subsoil:

7 to 29 inches—yellowish red, friable clay with brown

and yellow mottles

29 to 38 inches—yellowish red, friable sandy clay

loam with yellowish brown mottles

Substratum:

38 to 58 inches—brownish yellow, friable sandy loam

with yellowish red mottles

58 to 78 inches—brownish yellow, friable loamy sand

with yellowish red mottles

Apison

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches—yellowish red, friable clay loam with

brown mottles

19 to 22 inches—strong brown, friable channery clay

loam with brownish yellow mottles

Substratum:

22 to 60 inches—brown, friable sandy loam; layers of

olive yellow, soft, sandy shale bedrock in the lower

part

Soil Properties and Qualities

Coghill

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None
McMinn County, Tennessee 49

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately

acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Apison

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern in areas used for

cultivated crops is the hazard of erosion.

• The moderate available water capacity in areas of

the Apison soil is an additional limitation.

• Erosion is a moderate hazard if a conventional

tillage system is used.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation helps to control erosion in most

areas.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderate permeability, the clayey subsoil, the shrinkswell potential, and the depth to bedrock in areas of

the Apison soil.

• The moderate permeability and clayey texture in the

subsoil are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities

and building site development.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed.

• The depth to bedrock in areas of the Apison soil is a

limitation affecting some building site development.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 3e
50 Soil Survey

CgD—Coghill-Apison complex, 12 to

25 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Dissected narrow ridges and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 100 acres

Major land use: Woodland, hay, or pasture

Composition

Coghill soil and similar components: 30 to 65 percent

Apison soil and similar components: 20 to 50 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil than the

Coghill and Apison soils

• Corryton and Townley soils

Contrasting components:

• Intermingled areas of Coile soils

• Isolated areas of Rock outcrop on shoulder slopes

and near slope breaks

Typical Profile

Coghill

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch—partially decomposed hardwood and

evergreen litter

1 to 5 inches—brown, very friable sandy loam

Subsurface layer:

5 to 7 inches—dark yellowish brown, very friable

sandy loam

Subsoil:

7 to 29 inches—yellowish red, friable clay with brown

and yellow mottles

29 to 38 inches—yellowish red, friable sandy clay

loam with yellowish brown mottles

Substratum:

38 to 58 inches—brownish yellow, friable sandy loam

with yellowish red mottles

58 to 78 inches—brownish yellow, friable loamy sand

with yellowish red mottles

Apison

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches—yellowish red, friable clay loam with

brown mottles

19 to 22 inches—strong brown, friable channery clay

loam with brownish yellow mottles

Substratum:

22 to 60 inches—brown, friable sandy loam; layers of

olive yellow, soft, sandy shale bedrock in the lower

part

Soil Properties and Qualities

Coghill

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately

acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Apison

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern in areas used for

cultivated crops is the hazard of erosion.

• The moderate available water capacity in areas of

the Apison soil is an additional limitation.

• Erosion is a severe hazard if a conventional tillage

system is used.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A long-term crop rotation helps to control erosion in

most areas.

• Diversions, grassed waterways, field borders, and

filter strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited
McMinn County, Tennessee 51

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the moderate available

water capacity of the Apison soil and the steepness of

slope.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of

these soils as hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, and plant

competition.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as

possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair, and

the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderate permeability, the clayey subsoil, the shrinkswell potential, and the steepness of slope in areas of

the Coghill and Apison soils. The depth to bedrock is

an additional limitation in areas of the Apison soil.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities and

building site development.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting most

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 4e

CnC2—Coile silt loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (in the Broad Valleys area)

Landscape position: Broad ridge crests and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to several hundred acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or woodland

Composition

Coile soil and similar components: 85 to 100 percent

Contrasting components: 0 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Apison and Townley soils
52 Soil Survey

Contrasting components:

• Intermingled areas of Corryton soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark brown, very friable silt loam

Subsoil:

3 to 10 inches—dark yellowish brown and strong

brown, friable very channery silt loam and

channery clay

Substratum:

10 to 18 inches—strong brown, friable channery clay

with light brownish yellow mottles

Soft bedrock:

18 to 24 inches—light olive brown and light yellowish

brown, tilted, acid shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or moderate

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 9 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used

for cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the

shallow root zone, and the very low available water

capacity.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation helps to control erosion in most

areas.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitation is the very low available water

capacity.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, plant competition, seedling mortality, and the

hazard of windthrow.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the very low or

low available water capacity.

• The depth to bedrock should be carefully considered

when planting sites are selected for seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is poor,

and the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is fair.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.
McMinn County, Tennessee 53

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderately slow permeability and the depth to

bedrock.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 4e

CnD2—Coile silt loam, 12 to 25 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Narrow ridges and side slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 175 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or woodland

Composition

Coile soil and similar components: 75 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 25 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Apison and Townley soils

• Severely eroded soils

Contrasting components:

• Intermingled areas of Corryton soils

• Small areas of Waynesboro and Etowah soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark brown, very friable silt loam

Subsoil:

3 to 10 inches—dark yellowish brown and strong

brown, friable very channery silt loam and

channery clay

Substratum:

10 to 18 inches—strong brown, friable channery clay

with light brownish yellow mottles

Soft bedrock:

18 to 24 inches—light olive brown and light yellowish

brown, tilted, acid shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or moderate

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 9 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the shallow

root zone, the very low available water capacity, and

the depth to bedrock.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the very low available water

capacity and the steepness of slope.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

proper pasture management and limits the use of this

soil as hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, plant competition,

seedling mortality, and the hazard of windthrow.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.
54 Soil Survey

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are short enough that conventional

equipment can be used.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is fair.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderately slow permeability, the depth to bedrock,

and the steepness of slope.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 6e

CnE3—Coile silt loam, 5 to 35 percent

slopes, gullied

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Narrow ridge crests and side

slopes

Size of areas: 10 to 105 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or woodland

Composition

Coile soil and similar components: 75 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 25 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Apison and Townley soils

Contrasting components:

• Intermingled areas of Corryton soils

• Soils that have redder colors in the subsoil than the

Coile soil

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark brown, very friable silt loam

Subsoil:

3 to 10 inches—dark yellowish brown and strong

brown, friable very channery silt loam and

channery clay

Substratum:

10 to 18 inches—strong brown, friable channery clay

with light brownish yellow mottles

Soft bedrock:

18 to 24 inches—light olive brown and light yellowish

brown, tilted, acid shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or moderate

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 9 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the very

low available water capacity, the shallow root zone, the

depth to bedrock, and the gullies.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitation is the very low available water

capacity.
McMinn County, Tennessee 55

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of this

soil as hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, plant competition,

seedling mortality, and the hazard of windthrow.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are short enough that conventional

equipment can be used.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is fair.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderately slow permeability, the depth to bedrock,

and the steepness of slope.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 7e

CoC2—Collegedale silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Convex ridge crests and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 40 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or woodland.

Composition

Collegedale soil and similar components: 85 to

90 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Corryton, Decatur, Fullerton,

Minvale, and Waynesboro soils

Contrasting components:

• Hamblen Steadman, and Toccoa soils along streams

and narrow drainageways

• Intermingled areas of Apison, Coile, and Townley

soils that are predominantly underlain by shale

bedrock

• Isolated areas of Bradyville soils

• Isolated areas of Rock outcrop

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches—yellowish brown, friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

6 to 17 inches—yellowish red, firm clay

17 to 26 inches—strong brown, firm clay with yellowish

red mottles
56 Soil Survey

26 to 45 inches—yellowish red, firm clay with brown

and yellow mottles

45 to 53 inches—mottled yellowish red, yellowish

brown, strong brown, and white, firm silty clay

53 to 65 inches—yellowish red, firm clay with white

and yellowish brown mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern is the hazard of

erosion.

• Erosion is a moderate hazard if a conventional

tillage system is used.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to

plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Trees and brush along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations for urban uses are the

moderately slow permeability, the clayey subsoil, low

strength, the shrink-swell potential, and the steepness

of slope.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities and

building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be

a problem when footers and basements are

constructed.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting most

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 4e
McMinn County, Tennessee 57

CrB—Corryton-Needmore complex, 2 to

5 percent slopes, rocky

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Dissected ridge crests and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, cropland, or woodland

Composition

Corryton soil and similar components: 40 to

80 percent

Needmore soil and similar components: 20 to

60 percent

Rock outcrop: 0.1 to 2 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have less clay and more rock fragments in

the subsoil than the Corryton and Needmore soils

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of soils that are less than 20 inches

deep over bedrock

Typical Profile

Corryton

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

9 to 17 inches—strong brown, friable silty clay loam

17 to 26 inches—yellowish brown, friable silty clay with

pale yellow and yellowish red mottles

26 to 41 inches—yellowish brown, friable clay with

pale yellow and yellowish red mottles

Substratum:

41 to 75 inches—brownish yellow, firm channery silty

clay loam with pale yellow and yellowish red

mottles

Needmore

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark yellowish brown, very friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

7 to 12 inches—yellowish brown, friable silty clay loam

12 to 26 inches—strong brown, friable clay loam with

yellowish brown mottles

26 to 31 inches—strong brown, firm clay with yellowish

brown mottles

31 to 35 inches—strong brown, firm channery clay

Soft bedrock:

35 to 40 inches—soft, brownish shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Corryton

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Needmore

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern in areas used for

cultivated crops is the hazard of erosion.

• The moderate available water capacity in areas of

the Needmore soil is an additional limitation.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• Terraces, grassed waterways, field borders, and filter

strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitation is the moderate available water

capacity in areas of the Needmore soil.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.
58 Soil Survey

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderately slow permeability, the clayey subsoil, the

shrink-swell potential, and the depth to bedrock.

• The moderately slow permeability and the clayey

subsoil are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities

and building site development.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed.

• The depth to bedrock is a limitation affecting some

building site development and sanitary facilities in

areas of the Needmore soil.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Corryton—2e;

Needmore—3e

CtB2—Corryton-Townley complex, 2 to

5 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Broad ridge crests and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 100 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or cropland

Composition

Corryton soil and similar components: 70 to

95 percent

Townley soil and similar components: 5 to 20 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of soils that have less clay in the

subsoil than the Corryton and Townley soils

Contrasting components:

• Severely eroded Coile soils

Typical Profile

Corryton

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

9 to 17 inches—strong brown, friable silty clay loam

17 to 26 inches—yellowish brown, friable silty clay with

pale yellow and yellowish red mottles

26 to 41 inches—yellowish brown, friable clay with

pale yellow and yellowish red mottles

Substratum:

41 to 75 inches—brownish yellow, firm channery silty

clay loam with pale yellow and yellowish red

mottles

Townley

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—strong brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

5 to 24 inches—yellowish red, friable clay with

brownish yellow mottles

Substratum:

24 to 28 inches—yellowish red, firm silty clay loam

with brownish yellow and strong brown mottles
McMinn County, Tennessee 59

Soft bedrock:

28 to 44 inches—yellowish red, firm silty clay loam

and light olive brown sandy shale

44 to 50 inches—light olive brown, tilted and fractured,

sandy shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Corryton

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Townley

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow

Available water capacity: Low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.

• The low available water capacity in areas of the

Townley soil may adversely affect some crops.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• Terraces, grassed waterways, field borders, and filter

strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• The low available water capacity in areas of the

Townley soil is a limitation.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are plant

competition and the hazard of windthrow.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas of the Townley

soil because of the moderately deep root zone.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderately slow permeability of the Corryton soil; the

depth to bedrock and the slow permeability of the

Townley soil; and the clayey subsoil, low strength, and

shrink-swell potential of both soils.
60 Soil Survey

• The moderately slow and slow permeability and the

clayey subsoil are limitations affecting some sanitary

facilities and building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soils are used as a

source of roadfill.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed.

• The depth to bedrock in areas of the Townley soil is

a limitation affecting some building site development.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Corryton—2e;

Townley—3e

CtC2—Corryton-Townley complex, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests and side slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 145 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or cropland; some areas

used as woodland or for pine plantations

Composition

Corryton soil and similar components: 45 to

70 percent

Townley soil and similar components: 30 to 55 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Apison soils

• Area of soils that have red colors in the subsoil

Contrasting components:

• Coile soils near slope breaks and in severely eroded

areas

Typical Profile

Corryton

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

9 to 17 inches—strong brown, friable silty clay loam

17 to 26 inches—yellowish brown, friable silty clay with

pale yellow and yellowish red mottles

26 to 41 inches—yellowish brown, friable clay with

pale yellow and yellowish red mottles

Substratum:

41 to 75 inches—brownish yellow, firm channery silty

clay loam with pale yellow and yellowish red

mottles

Townley

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—strong brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

5 to 24 inches—yellowish red, friable clay with

brownish yellow mottles

Substratum:

24 to 28 inches—yellowish red, firm silty clay loam

with brownish yellow and strong brown mottles

Bedrock:

28 to 44 inches—yellowish red, firm silty clay loam

with layers of light olive brown sandy shale

44 to 50 inches—light olive brown, tilted and fractured,

sandy shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Corryton

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Townley

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow

Available water capacity: Low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern in areas used for

cultivated crops is the hazard of erosion.

• The low available water capacity is an additional

limitation in areas of the Townley soil.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control
McMinn County, Tennessee 61

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation helps to control erosion in most

areas.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• The low available water capacity in areas of the

Townley soil is a limitation.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices (fig. 5).

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are plant

competition and the hazard of windthrow.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas of the Townley

soil because of the moderately deep root zone.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

Figure 5.—An area of Corryton-Townley complex, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded. A well planned clipping and harvesting schedule

helps to maintain a healthy stand of hay and pasture plants.
62 Soil Survey

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to

plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are

needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderately slow permeability in the Corryton soil; the

slow permeability and the depth to bedrock in areas of

the Townley soil; and the clayey subsoil, low strength,

the shrink-swell potential, and the steepness of slope

in areas of both soils.

• The moderately slow and slow permeability and the

clayey subsoil are limitations affecting some sanitary

facilities and building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soils are used as a

source of roadfill.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be

a problem when footers and basements are

constructed.

• The depth to bedrock in areas of the Townley soil

is a limitation affecting some building site

development.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting most

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Corryton—3e;

Townley—4e

CUC—Corryton-Urban land complex, 2 to

12 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests and side slopes

Size of areas: 245 acres

Major land use: Urban areas—homesites, lawns,

industrial parks, schools, roads, parking lots, and

streets

Composition

Corryton soil and similar components: 60 to

75 percent

Urban land and similar components: 25 to 40 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Apison soils

• Soils that have redder colors than the Corryton soil

Contrasting components:

• Coile soils near slope breaks and in severely eroded

areas

Typical Profile

Corryton

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

9 to 17 inches—strong brown, friable silty clay loam

17 to 26 inches—yellowish brown, friable silty clay with

pale yellow and yellowish red mottles

26 to 41 inches—yellowish brown, friable clay with

pale yellow and yellowish red mottles

Substratum:

41 to 75 inches—brownish yellow, firm channery silty

clay loam with pale yellow and yellowish red

mottles

Urban land

The Urban land mostly consists of areas where the

surface is covered by roads, streets, parking lots,

commercial buildings, houses, and other types of

impervious ground cover. In places the natural

drainage pattern has been altered by a system of

ditches and storm drains. The underlying soil material
McMinn County, Tennessee 63

is not observable. A typical profile of Urban land is not

given.

Soil Properties and Qualities

Corryton

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The hazard of erosion is a major management

concern during construction.

• A well designed erosion-control plan is needed.

• Erosion barriers, diversions, and rocklined or

vegetated waterways are important management

practices.

• Timely revegetation of bare areas should be a

priority.

• Plant species that can tolerate a wide range of soil

conditions grow best.

• Providing a good seedbed, maintaining the proper

fertility level, and mulching seeded areas help to

establish a protective cover of vegetation.

• Intensive revegetation measures, such as

hydroseeding or sodding, may be needed in problem

areas.

• A layer of concrete, asphalt, coarse gravel, gabion

stone, or riprap helps to control erosion in areas where

vegetation cannot be established.

• Differential settling is a management concern in

areas of fill material.

• The load-bearing strength, the shrink-swell potential,

surface runoff, and storm drainage management are

concerns affecting urban development.

• The steepness of slope and the shrink-swell

potential in the subsoil of the Corryton soil are the

major limitations on sites for dwellings.

• Designing buildings and structures so that they

conform to the natural slope of the land reduces the

need for land shaping.

• Footers and basement walls of dwellings may need

additional reinforcement.

• The steepness of slope and the moderately slow

permeability in the subsoil of the Corryton soil are

moderate limitations on sites for septic tank absorption

fields.

• Designing septic tank systems so that they conform

to the existing slope and installing specially designed

systems help to overcome the limitations.

• The steepness of slope is a moderate limitation in

areas used for lawns or when the soil is landscaped.

• The steepness of slope and the shrink-swell

potential are moderate limitations on sites for small

commercial buildings.

• Land shaping helps to overcome the slope in areas

used for lawns, in landscaped areas, and on sites for

small commercial buildings.

• Footers and concrete floors of small commercial

buildings may need additional reinforcement.

• Low strength, the shrink-swell potential, and the

steepness of slope are moderate limitations on sites

for local roads and streets.

• Adding gravel or other suitable subgrade material

helps to prevent the road damage caused by low

strength and by shrinking and swelling.

• Designing roads so that they follow the natural

contour and land shaping help to overcome the slope.

• Onsite investigation is needed to determine the

limitations affecting any proposed use.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Corryton—3e; Urban

land—none assigned

DcB2—Decatur silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests

Size of areas: 5 to 120 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or cultivated crops

Composition

Decatur soil and similar components: 85 to 90 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Dewey, Fullerton, Collegedale,

and Waynesboro soils

• Scattered areas of soils that have less clay in the

subsoil than the Decatur soil

Contrasting components:

• Emory, Hamblen, and Pettyjon soils in depressions

and along drainageways
64 Soil Survey

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches—dark reddish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

6 to 28 inches—dark red, friable clay

28 to 67 inches—dark red, firm clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• Terraces, grassed waterways, field borders, and filter

strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Trees and brush along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the moderate permeability,

the clayey subsoil, low strength, and the shrink-swell

potential.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities and

building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2e

DcC2—Decatur silt loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests and side slopes
McMinn County, Tennessee 65

Size of areas: 5 to 60 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or cultivated crops

Composition

Decatur soil and similar components: 85 to

90 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Collegedale, Dewey, Etowah,

and Waynesboro soils

Contrasting components:

• Emory, Hamblen, and Pettyjon soils in depressions

and along drainageways

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches—dark reddish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

6 to 28 inches—dark red, friable clay

28 to 67 inches—dark red, firm clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern is the hazard of

erosion.

• Erosion is a moderate hazard if a conventional

tillage system is used.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Trees and brush along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the moderate permeability,

the clayey subsoil, low strength, the shrink-swell

potential, and the steepness of slope.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil
66 Soil Survey

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities and

building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting most

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 3e

DcD2—Decatur silt loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests and side slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 60 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or cultivated crops

Composition

Decatur soil and similar components: 85 to 90 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Collegedale and Waynesboro

soils

• Scattered areas of soils that have less clay in the

subsoil than the Decatur soil

Contrasting components:

• Emory soils in depressions and along drainageways

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches—dark reddish brown, friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

6 to 28 inches—dark red, friable clay

28 to 67 inches—dark red, firm clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern is the hazard of

erosion.

• Erosion is a severe hazard if a conventional tillage

system is used.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Grassed waterways, field borders, and filter strips

help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitation is the steepness of slope.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of this

soil as hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, and plant

competition.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as

possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.
McMinn County, Tennessee 67

• Slopes generally are short enough that conventional

equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species

may be a problem when establishing a new forest

crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cutting or by

applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to

plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair,

and the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is

good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Trees and brush along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the moderate permeability,

the clayey subsoil, low strength, the shrink-swell

potential, and the steepness of slope.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 4e

DeB—Dewey silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Broad ridge crests

Size of areas: 5 to 45 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or cropland

Composition

Dewey soil and similar components: 85 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Waynesboro, Decatur, and

Etowah soils

• Dewey soils that have a surface layer of loam, silty

clay loam, or clay loam

Contrasting components:

• Narrow strips of Hamblen and Pettyjon soils along

drainageways and in depressions

• Isolated areas of Bradyville soils intermingled with

areas of Rock outcrop

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

9 to 35 inches—red, friable clay

35 to 61 inches—red, friable clay with strong brown

and reddish yellow mottles

61 to 72 inches—yellowish red, friable clay with

reddish yellow mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.
68 Soil Survey

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• Terraces, grassed waterways, field borders, and filter

strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect urban uses.

• The moderate permeability, the shrink-swell

potential, and the clayey subsoil are limitations

affecting some sanitary facilities and building site

development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2e

DwC2—Dewey silty clay loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Broad ridge crests and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 155 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or cropland

Composition

Dewey soil and similar components: 85 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Waynesboro, Decatur, and

Etowah soils

• Dewey soils that have a surface layer of silt loam,

loam, or clay loam

Contrasting components:

• Narrow strips of Hamblen and Pettyjon soils along

drainageways and in depressions

• Isolated areas of Bradyville soils intermingled with

areas of Rock outcrop

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches—reddish brown, friable silty clay loam

Subsoil:

6 to 48 inches—red, friable clay

48 to 60 inches—dark red, friable clay
McMinn County, Tennessee 69

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern is the hazard of

erosion.

• Erosion is a moderate hazard if a conventional

tillage system is used.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the moderate permeability,

the clayey subsoil, low strength, and the steepness of

slope.

• The moderate permeability, the shrink-swell

potential, and the clayey subsoil are limitations

affecting some sanitary facilities and building site

development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting most

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 3e

DwD2—Dewey silty clay loam, 12 to

25 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests and side slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 105 acres
70 Soil Survey

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or cultivated crops

Composition

Dewey soil and similar components: 85 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Waynesboro, Decatur, and

Etowah soils

• Dewey soils that have a surface layer of silt loam,

loam, or clay loam

Contrasting components:

• Narrow strips of Hamblen and Pettyjon soils along

drainageways and in depressions

• Isolated areas of Bradyville soils intermingled with

areas of Rock outcrop

• Scattered areas of Collegedale soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches—reddish brown, friable silty clay

loam

Subsoil:

6 to 48 inches—red, friable clay

48 to 60 inches—dark red, friable clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern is the hazard of

erosion.

• Erosion is a severe hazard if a conventional tillage

system is used.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A long-term crop rotation that includes grasses and

legumes helps to control erosion.

• Diversions, grassed waterways, field borders, and

filter strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitation is the steepness of slope.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of this

soil as hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, and plant

competition.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair, and

the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.
McMinn County, Tennessee 71

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are

needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the moderate permeability,

the clayey subsoil, low strength, and the steepness of

slope.

• The moderate permeability, the shrink-swell

potential, and the clayey subsoil are limitations

affecting some sanitary facilities and building site

development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting most

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 4e

DX—Dumps, landfills

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Varies

Size of areas: 40 to 80 acres

Major land use: Storage and disposal of domestic

waste

Composition

Dumps, landfills and similar components: 70 to

90 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 30 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Fullerton and Dewey soils

• Udorthents in landscape positions similar to those of

the Dumps, landfills

Contrasting components:

• Hamblen and Rockdell soils along drainageways and

on narrow flood plains

Typical Profile

A typical profile is not given for this map unit.

Soil Properties and Qualities

The soil materials in this map unit are disturbed and

vary greatly. In most areas the original soil material

was removed and stockpiled to create a place to

dispose of domestic solid waste. The stockpiled soil

material was then used to cover the deposited waste

material. An onsite investigation is needed to

determine the limitations affecting any proposed use.

Use and Management

• The hazard of erosion is the major management

concern.

• A well designed erosion-control plan is needed.

• Erosion barriers, diversions, and rocklined or

vegetated waterways are important management

practices.

• Timely revegetation of inactive areas should be a

priority.

• Plant species that can tolerate a wide range of soil

conditions grow best.

• Providing a good seedbed, maintaining the proper

fertility level, and mulching seeded areas help to

establish a protective cover of vegetation.

• Intensive revegetation measures, such as

hydroseeding or sodding, may be needed in problem

areas.

• A layer of coarse gravel, gabion stone, or riprap

helps to control erosion in areas where vegetation

cannot be established.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: None assigned

DY—Dumps, pulpwood processing waste

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Size of areas: 40 to 70 acres

Major land use: Disposal of organic waste material

containing some tree bark and other woody
72 Soil Survey

materials from the paper production process at the

nearby paper mill

Composition

Dumps, pulpwood processing waste and similar

components: 90 to 100 percent

Contrasting components: 0 to 10 percent

Minor Components

Contrasting components:

• Areas where the water table is at a depth of more

than 2 feet

• Udorthents

• Small areas of water

Similar components:

• Bloomingdale soils

Typical Profile

A typical profile is not given for this map unit.

Soil Properties and Qualities

Some of the soils in the two areas of this map unit

are hydric. In both places the map unit contains small

areas of standing water. Depth to the seasonal high

water table varies greatly, depending on rainfall and on

the use of the map unit at specific times. The soil

material consists mostly of organic material containing

fibrous material and tree bark that is waste from the

paper production process. An onsite investigation is

needed to determine the limitations affecting any

proposed use.

Use and Management

• Extensive reclamation and intensive engineering

practices are needed for most uses other than

dumps.

• This map unit is best suited to wetland wildlife

habitat.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: None assigned

Ea—Emory silt loam, 0 to 4 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Flood plains, narrow

drainageways, and upland depressions

Size of areas: 5 to 20 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or row crops

Composition

Emory soil and similar components: 80 to 90 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 20 percent

Minor Components

Contrasting components:

• Areas of soils that are not flooded and are at the

slightly higher elevations

• Isolated areas of Decatur, Collegedale, and

Waynesboro soils

Similar components:

• Soils that have lighter colors in the surface layer than

the Emory soil

• Moderately well drained soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—dark reddish brown, friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

8 to 23 inches—dark reddish brown, friable silty clay

loam

Buried surface layer:

23 to 32 inches—dark reddish brown, friable silt

loam

Buried subsoil:

32 to 38 inches—reddish brown, friable silty clay loam

38 to 46 inches—strong brown, friable silty clay loam

46 to 60 inches—strong brown, firm clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: Between depths of 60 and

72 inches

Flooding: Occasional

Soil reaction: Strongly acid or moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The flooding is the main hazard.

• Some crops may be damaged by the flooding in

winter and early spring.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.
McMinn County, Tennessee 73

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to

plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Trees and brush along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern affecting urban

uses is the flooding.

• The flooding is difficult to overcome.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2w

Eo—Etowah loam, occasionally flooded,

overwash

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (in the Conasauga Creek area)

Landscape position: Flood plains and intermittent

drainageways

Size of areas: 10 to several hundred acres

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or row crops

Composition

Etowah soil and similar components: 85 to

100 percent

Contrasting components: 0 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Hamblen soils

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil than the

Etowah soil

• Soils that are subject to rare flooding

Contrasting components:

• Small areas of Bloomingdale soils in depressions

• Scattered areas of soils that are not subject to

flooding

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—brown, friable loam

7 to 21 inches—strong brown, friable loam

21 to 30 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

30 to 47 inches—strong brown, friable clay loam

47 to 65 inches—yellowish red, friable clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: Occasional

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited (fig. 6)

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.
74 Soil Survey

• Some crops may be damaged by the flooding in

winter and early spring.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management, and

cover crops help to control erosion, increase the rate

of infiltration, and maintain soil tilth.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Deferment of grazing when the soil is wet minimizes

compaction and damage to the stand and helps to

prevent excessive runoff.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair, and

the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

Figure 6.—An area of Etowah loam, occasionally flooded, overwash, in the foreground. This soil is suited to cultivated crops. Dewey

soils are in the background where the barn is located.
McMinn County, Tennessee 75

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern affecting urban

uses is the flooding.

• The flooding is difficult to overcome.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2w

EtB—Etowah loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Stream terraces and footslopes

Size of areas: 5 to 440 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or cropland

Composition

Etowah soil and similar components: 85 to

95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Dewey and Waynesboro soils

• A few areas of moderately well drained soils

• Intermingled areas of Shady soils

Contrasting components:

• Narrow strips of Hamblen and Pettyjon soils along

drainageways and in depressions

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

10 to 57 inches—yellowish red, friable clay loam

57 to 70 inches—yellowish red, friable clay loam with

strong brown mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• Terraces, grassed waterways, field borders, and filter

strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.
76 Soil Survey

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect urban uses.

• The moderate permeability in the subsoil is a

limitation affecting some sanitary facilities and building

site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2e

EtC—Etowah loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Stream terraces

Size of areas: 5 to 35 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or cropland

Composition

Etowah soil and similar components: 85 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Dewey and Waynesboro soils

• Shady soils in landscape positions similar to those

of the Etowah soil

• Moderately well drained soils

Contrasting components:

• Narrow strips of Hamblen and Pettyjon soils along

drainageways and in depressions

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

10 to 57 inches—yellowish red, friable clay loam

57 to 70 inches—yellowish red, friable clay loam with

strong brown mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately

acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern is the hazard of

erosion.

• Erosion is a moderate hazard if a conventional

tillage system is used.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Terraces, grassed waterways, field borders, and filter

strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.
McMinn County, Tennessee 77

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the moderate permeability,

low strength, and the steepness of slope.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities and

building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting most

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 3e

FcB2—Fullerton clay loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Smooth ridge crests and the

upper side slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 25 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or cropland

Composition

Fullerton soil and similar components: 80 to

95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 20 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Dewey, Etowah, and Waynesboro soils in landscape

positions similar to those of the Fullerton soil

• Minvale soils on side slopes and footslopes

Contrasting components:

• Intermingled areas of Bodine soils in landscape

positions similar to those of the Fullerton soil

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches—dark brown, friable clay loam

Subsoil:

4 to 18 inches—yellowish red, friable gravelly clay

18 to 60 inches—yellowish red, friable gravelly clay

with very pale brown mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.
78 Soil Survey

• This soil is somewhat difficult to till.

• The moisture range for cultivation has been

narrowed because the surface layer consists partly of

subsoil material.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and improve

soil tilth.

• Terraces, grassed waterways, field borders, and filter

strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the moderate permeability,

the clayey subsoil, low strength, and the shrink-swell

potential.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities and

building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2e

FgC2—Fullerton gravelly silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Narrow ridge crests, shoulder

slopes, and the upper side slopes

Size of areas: 5 to several hundred acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or cropland

Composition

Fullerton soil and similar components: 85 to

95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Dewey soils

• Minvale soils on footslopes

• Scattered areas of Collegedale soils

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of Bodine soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—brown, friable gravelly silt loam
McMinn County, Tennessee 79

Subsurface layer:

5 to 11 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly silt

loam

Subsoil:

11 to 19 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly silty

clay loam

19 to 33 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly clay

with yellowish red mottles

33 to 44 inches—yellowish red, friable very gravelly

clay with strong brown mottles

44 to 63 inches—yellowish red, firm extremely gravelly

clay with brownish yellow mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.

• Erosion is a moderate hazard if a conventional

tillage system is used.

• The gravelly surface layer restricts tillage in some

areas.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of

pasture.

• The steepness of slope may be a limitation affecting

hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the moderate permeability,

the clayey subsoil, low strength, the shrink-swell

potential, and the steepness of slope.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities and

building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.
80 Soil Survey

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting some

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 3e

FgD2—Fullerton gravelly silt loam, 12 to

25 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Narrow ridge crests, shoulder

slopes, backslopes, and side slopes

Size of areas: 5 to several hundred acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or woodland

Composition

Fullerton soil and similar components: 85 to

90 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Dewey soils

• Minvale soils on footslopes

• Scattered areas of Collegedale soils

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of Bodine soils

• Isolated areas of Rock outcrop

• Small areas of soils that have limestone bedrock at a

depth of 20 to 40 inches

• Rockdell soils in narrow drainageways and on flood

plains

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—brown, friable gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

5 to 11 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly silt loam

Subsoil:

11 to 19 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly silty

clay loam

19 to 33 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly clay

with yellowish red mottles

33 to 44 inches—yellowish red, friable very gravelly

clay with strong brown mottles

44 to 63 inches—yellowish red, firm extremely gravelly

clay with brownish yellow mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern in areas used for

cultivated crops is the hazard of erosion.

• Erosion is a severe hazard if a conventional tillage

system is used.

• The gravelly surface layer restricts tillage in some

areas.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A long-term crop rotation that includes grasses and

legumes helps to control erosion.

• Diversions, grassed waterways, field borders, and

filter strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitation is the steepness of slope.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of this

soil as hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, plant competition,

and seedling mortality.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by
McMinn County, Tennessee 81

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the moderate

available water capacity and the gravelly surface layer.

• Aspect should be carefully considered when planting

sites are selected for seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair, and

the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the moderate permeability,

the clayey subsoil, low strength, the shrink-swell

potential, and the steepness of slope.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities and

building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting most

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 4e

FgE3—Fullerton gravelly silt loam, 5 to

35 percent slopes, gullied

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Narrow ridge crests, shoulder

slopes, backslopes, and side slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 40 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or woodland

Composition

Fullerton soil and similar components: 80 to

90 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 20 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Dewey soils

• Minvale soils on footslopes

• Scattered areas of Collegedale soils

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of Bodine soils

• Isolated areas of Rock outcrop

• Rockdell soils in narrow drainageways and on flood

plains

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—brown, friable gravelly silt loam
82 Soil Survey

Subsurface layer:

5 to 11 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly silt loam

Subsoil:

11 to 19 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly silty

clay loam

19 to 33 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly clay

with yellowish red mottles

33 to 44 inches—yellowish red, friable very gravelly

clay with strong brown mottles

44 to 63 inches—yellowish red, firm extremely gravelly

clay with brownish yellow mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion and gullies.

• Intensive erosion-control measures are needed if

this soil is used for cultivated crops.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the steepness of slope and

the gullies.

• The gullied areas and the steepness of slope

increase the difficulty of properly managing pastures

and limit the use of this soil as hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, plant competition,

and seedling mortality.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the moderate

available water capacity and the gravelly surface layer.

• Aspect should be carefully considered when planting

sites are selected for seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair, and

the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.
McMinn County, Tennessee 83

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the moderate permeability,

the clayey subsoil, low strength, the shrink-swell

potential, and the steepness of slope.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities and

building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be

a problem when footers and basements are

constructed.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting most

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 6e

FgF2—Fullerton gravelly silt loam, 25 to

60 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Side slopes, backslopes, and

shoulder slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 390 acres

Major land use: Woodland and pasture

Composition

Fullerton soil and similar components: 80 to

95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 20 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Dewey and Etowah soils

• Minvale soils on footslopes

• Scattered areas of Collegedale soils

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of Bodine soils

• Isolated areas of Rock outcrop

• Rockdell soils in drainageways and on narrow flood

plains

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—brown, friable gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

5 to 11 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly silt

loam

Subsoil:

11 to 19 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly silty

clay loam

19 to 33 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly clay

with yellowish red mottles

33 to 44 inches—yellowish red, friable very gravelly

clay with strong brown mottles

44 to 63 inches—yellowish red, firm extremely gravelly

clay with brownish yellow mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern in areas used for

cultivated crops is the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope prevents the use of most

tillage equipment.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitation is the steepness of slope.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of this

soil as hayland.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, plant competition,

and seedling mortality.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.
84 Soil Survey

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the moderate

available water capacity and the gravelly surface layer.

• Aspect should be carefully considered when planting

sites are selected for seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the moderate permeability,

the clayey subsoil, low strength, the shrink-swell

potential, and the steepness of slope.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 7e

FRC—Fullerton-Urban land complex, 2 to

12 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Narrow ridge crests, shoulder

slopes, and the upper side slopes

Size of areas: 20 to several hundred acres

Major land use: Urban areas—homesites, lawns,

industrial parks, schools, roads, parking lots, and

streets

Composition

Fullerton soil and similar components: 55 to

70 percent

Urban land and similar components: 30 to 45 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Dewey soils

• Minvale soils on footslopes

• Scattered areas of Collegedale soils

Contrasting components:

• Isolated areas of Bodine soils

Typical Profile

Fullerton

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—brown, friable gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

5 to 11 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly silt

loam

Subsoil:

11 to 19 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly silty

clay loam

19 to 33 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly clay

with yellowish red mottles

33 to 44 inches—yellowish red, friable very gravelly

clay with strong brown mottles

44 to 63 inches—yellowish red, firm extremely gravelly

clay with brownish yellow mottles

Urban land

The Urban land consists of areas where the surface

is covered by roads, streets, parking lots, commercial
McMinn County, Tennessee 85

buildings, houses, and other types of impervious

ground cover. In places the natural drainage pattern

has been altered by a system of ditches and storm

drains. The underlying soil material is not observable.

A typical profile of Urban land is not given.

Soil Properties and Qualities

Fullerton

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The hazard of erosion is a major management

concern during construction.

• A well designed erosion-control plan is needed.

• Erosion barriers, diversions, and rocklined or

vegetated waterways are important management

practices.

• Timely revegetation of bare areas should be a

priority.

• Plant species that can tolerate a wide range of soil

conditions grow best.

• Providing a good seedbed, maintaining the proper

fertility level, and mulching seeded areas help to

establish a protective cover of vegetation.

• Intensive revegetation measures, such as

hydroseeding and sodding, may be needed in problem

areas.

• A layer of concrete, asphalt, coarse gravel, gabion

stone, or riprap helps to control erosion in areas where

vegetation cannot be established.

• Differential settling is a management concern in

areas of fill material.

• The load-bearing strength, the shrink-swell potential,

surface runoff, and storm drainage management are

concerns affecting urban development.

• The steepness of slope and the shrink-swell

potential in the subsoil are the major limitations on

sites for dwellings.

• Designing buildings and structures so that they

conform to the natural slope of the land reduces the

need for land shaping.

• Footers and basement walls of dwellings may need

additional reinforcement.

• The steepness of slope and the moderate

permeability in the subsoil are moderate limitations on

sites for septic tank absorption fields.

• Designing septic tank systems so that they conform

to the existing slope and installing specially designed

systems help to overcome the limitations.

• The stoniness of the Fullerton soil is a limitation in

areas used for lawns or golf fairways and when the soil

is landscaped.

• Providing a good seedbed, maintaining the proper

fertility level, and mulching seeded areas help to

establish ground cover.

• The steepness of slope and the shrink-swell

potential are moderate limitations on sites for small

commercial buildings.

• Land shaping may be needed to overcome the slope

on sites for small commercial buildings.

• Footers and concrete floors of small commercial

buildings may need additional reinforcement.

• Low strength, the shrink-swell potential, and the

steepness of slope are moderate limitations on sites

for local roads and streets.

• Adding gravel or other suitable subgrade material

helps to prevent the road damage caused by low

strength and by shrinking and swelling.

• Designing roads so that they follow the natural

contour and land shaping help to overcome the slope.

• Onsite investigation is needed to determine the

limitations affecting any proposed use.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Fullerton—3e; Urban

land—none assigned

FRD—Fullerton-Urban land complex,

12 to 25 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Narrow ridge crests, shoulder

slopes, backslopes, and the upper side slopes

Size of areas: 10 to several hundred acres

Major land use: Urban areas—homesites, lawns,

industrial parks, schools, roads, parking lots, and

streets

Composition

Fullerton soil and similar components: 55 to

70 percent

Urban land and similar components: 30 to 45 percent
86 Soil Survey

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Dewey soils

• Minvale soils on footslopes

• Scattered areas of Collegedale soils

Contrasting components:

• Isolated areas of Bodine soils

Typical Profile

Fullerton

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—brown, friable gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

5 to 11 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly silt

loam

Subsoil:

11 to 19 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly silty

clay loam

19 to 33 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly clay

with yellowish red mottles

33 to 44 inches—yellowish red, friable very gravelly

clay with strong brown mottles

44 to 63 inches—yellowish red, firm extremely gravelly

clay with brownish yellow mottles

Urban land

The Urban land mostly consists of areas where the

surface is covered by roads, streets, parking lots,

commercial buildings, houses, and other types of

impervious ground cover. In places the natural

drainage pattern has been altered by a system of

ditches and storm drains. The underlying soil material

is not observable. A typical profile of Urban land is not

given.

Soil Properties and Qualities

Fullerton

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The hazard of erosion is a major management

concern during construction.

• A well designed erosion-control plan is needed.

• Erosion barriers, diversions, and rocklined or

vegetated waterways are important management

practices.

• Timely revegetation of bare areas should be a

priority.

• Plant species that can tolerate a wide range of soil

conditions grow best.

• Providing a good seedbed, maintaining the proper

fertility level, and mulching seeded areas help to

establish a protective cover of vegetation.

• Intensive revegetation measures, such as

hydroseeding and sodding, may be needed in problem

areas.

• A layer of concrete, asphalt, coarse gravel, gabion

stone, or riprap helps to control erosion in areas where

vegetation cannot be established.

• Differential settling is a management concern in

areas of fill material.

• The load-bearing strength, the shrink-swell

potential, surface runoff, and storm drainage

management are additional concerns affecting

urban development.

• The steepness of slope and the shrink-swell

potential in the subsoil are the major limitations on

sites for dwellings.

• Designing buildings and structures so that they

conform to the natural slope of the land reduces the

need for land shaping.

• Footers and basement walls of dwellings may need

additional reinforcement.

• The steepness of slope and the moderate

permeability in the subsoil are moderate limitations on

sites for septic tank absorption fields.

• Designing septic tank systems so that they conform

to the existing slope and installing specially designed

systems help to overcome the slope and the restricted

permeability.

• The stoniness of the Fullerton soil is a severe

limitation in areas used for lawns or golf fairways and

when the soil is landscaped.

• Providing a good seedbed, maintaining the proper

fertility level, and mulching seeded areas help to

establish ground cover.

• The steepness of slope is a severe limitation and the

shrink-swell potential is a moderate limitation on sites

for small commercial buildings.

• Land shaping helps to overcome the slope on sites

for small commercial buildings.

• Footers and concrete floors of small commercial

buildings may need additional reinforcement.
McMinn County, Tennessee 87

• Low strength, the shrink-swell potential, and the

steepness of slope are moderate limitations on sites

for local roads and streets.

• Adding gravel or other suitable subgrade material

helps to prevent the road damage caused by low

strength and by shrinking and swelling.

• Designing roads so that they follow the natural

contour and land shaping help to overcome the slope.

• Onsite investigation is needed to determine the

limitations affecting any proposed use.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Fullerton—4e; Urban

land—none assigned

Ha—Hamblen silt loam, occasionally

flooded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Flood plains and drainageways

Size of areas: 5 to several hundred acres

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or cropland

Composition

Hamblen soil and similar components: 85 to

95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Well drained soils on natural levees and at the

slightly higher elevations

• Etowah soils on footslopes and stream terraces that

are not subject to flooding

Contrasting components:

• Small areas of Bloomingdale soils in depressions

and old meander channels

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—brown, very friable silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 14 inches—yellowish brown, friable silt loam

14 to 21 inches—light olive brown, friable silt loam with

grayish brown mottles

21 to 30 inches—yellowish brown, friable silt loam with

grayish brown mottles

Substratum:

30 to 37 inches—yellowish brown, friable loam with

olive gray and yellowish brown mottles

37 to 52 inches—yellowish brown, friable loam with

strong brown and grayish brown mottles

52 to 60 inches—gray, firm very gravelly clay with

strong brown mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: Between depths of 21 and

36 inches

Flooding: Occasional

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.

• The wetness delays planting and harvesting in some

years.

• Some crops may be damaged by the flooding in

winter and early spring.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management, and

cover crops help to control erosion, increase the rate

of infiltration, and maintain soil tilth.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Deferment of grazing when the soil is wet minimizes

compaction and damage to the stand and helps to

prevent excessive runoff.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the high water

table.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.
88 Soil Survey

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

flooding and the wetness.

• The flooding and the wetness are difficult to

overcome.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2w

HrC—Harmiller loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Narrow ridge crests above the

flood plain along Bullet Creek

Size of areas: 10 to 330 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Harmiller soil and similar components: 85 to

95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of deep soils and soils that have

more clay in the subsoil than the Harmiller soil

Contrasting components:

• Keener soils on footslopes and along saddles

between narrow, low ridges

• Cataska soils on ridges

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

5 to 14 inches—yellowish brown, friable clay loam

14 to 23 inches—brownish yellow, friable clay loam

with strong brown and light gray mottles

Bedrock:

23 to 30 inches—soft, sandy, fractured shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the depth to

bedrock, and the low available water capacity.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern is the low available

water capacity.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.
McMinn County, Tennessee 89

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

moderately deep root zone.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is good,

and the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is fair.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderate permeability, low strength, and the depth to

bedrock.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The depth to bedrock is a limitation affecting some

building site development.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 4e

KeC—Keener-Lostcove complex, 3 to

12 percent slopes, very stony

Setting

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Lower side slopes and footslopes

Size of areas: 10 to 65 acres

Major land use: Woodland and pasture

Composition

Keener soil and similar components: 40 to 70 percent

Lostcove soil and similar components: 15 to

30 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 20 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil than the

Keener and Lostcove soils

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of Cataska soils

• Areas where the slopes are less than 3 percent or

more than 12 percent

• Intermingled areas of Waynesboro and Etowah

soils

Typical Profile

Keener

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—brown, very friable gravelly sandy loam

Subsoil:

3 to 15 inches—brownish yellow, friable gravelly sandy

clay loam

15 to 36 inches—yellowish brown, friable gravelly clay

loam

36 to 60 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly sandy

clay loam with yellowish red and brownish yellow

mottles

Lostcove

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch—moderately decomposed hardwood leaf

litter and pine needles

1 to 5 inches—yellowish brown, very friable gravelly

loam
90 Soil Survey

Subsoil:

5 to 19 inches—yellowish brown, friable very cobbly

clay loam

19 to 50 inches—yellowish brown, friable very cobbly

clay loam with strong brown mottles

50 to 76 inches—yellowish brown, friable very cobbly

clay with yellowish red and brownish yellow

mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Keener

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Stoniness: 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface covered by

stones

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Lostcove

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Stoniness: 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface covered by

stones

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion and the

large stones.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management, and

cover crops help to control erosion, increase the rate

of infiltration, and maintain soil tilth.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion and the large stones.

• The large stones increase the difficulty of properly

managing pastures and limit the use of these soils as

hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern is plant competition.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cutting or by

applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderate permeability and the large stones.

• The moderate permeability in the subsoil is a

limitation affecting some sanitary facilities and building

site development.
McMinn County, Tennessee 91

• The gravel in the surface layer and the pebbles,

cobbles, and stones throughout the soil may cause

problems in areas used for lawns or as sites for

sanitary facilities or when the soils are landscaped or

excavated.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Keener—3e;

Lostcove—7s

KeF—Keener-Lostcove complex, 35 to

50 percent slopes, very stony

Setting

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Lower side slopes and footslopes

Size of areas: 10 to several hundred acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Keener soil and similar components: 40 to 70 percent

Lostcove soil and similar components: 15 to

30 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 25 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of soils that have more clay in

the subsoil than the Keener and Lostcove soils

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of Cataska soils

• Isolated areas of Rock outcrop

• Areas that have slopes of less than 35 percent

Typical Profile

Keener

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—brown, very friable gravelly sandy loam

Subsoil:

3 to 15 inches—brownish yellow, friable gravelly sandy

clay loam

15 to 36 inches—yellowish brown, friable gravelly clay

loam

36 to 60 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly sandy

clay loam with yellowish red and brownish yellow

mottles

Lostcove

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch—moderately decomposed hardwood leaf

litter and pine needles

1 to 5 inches—yellowish brown, very friable gravelly

loam

Subsoil:

5 to 19 inches—yellowish brown, friable very cobbly

clay loam

19 to 50 inches—yellowish brown, friable very cobbly

clay loam with strong brown mottles

50 to 76 inches—yellowish brown, friable very cobbly

clay with yellowish red and brownish yellow

mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Keener

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Stoniness: 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface covered by

stones

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Lostcove

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Stoniness: 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface covered by

stones

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the

steepness of slope, and the large stones.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard

of erosion, the steepness of slope, and the large

stones.

• The steepness of slope and the large stones
92 Soil Survey

increase the difficulty of properly managing pastures

and limit the use of these soils as hayland.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, plant competition,

and the hazard of windthrow.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

steepness of slope.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is

good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderate permeability, the steepness of slope, and

the large stones.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Keener—7e;

Lostcove—7s

LoD—Lostcove gravelly loam, 12 to

20 percent slopes, stony

Setting

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Lower side slopes and footslopes

Size of areas: 10 to several hundred acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Lostcove soil and similar components: 85 to

95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Keener soils

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil than the

Lostcove soil

Contrasting components:

• Soils that have slopes of more than 20 percent

• Scattered areas of Cataska, Harmiller, and McCamy

soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch—moderately decomposed hardwood leaf

litter and pine needles

1 to 5 inches—yellowish brown, very friable gravelly

loam

Subsoil:

5 to 19 inches—yellowish brown, friable very cobbly

clay loam

19 to 50 inches—yellowish brown, friable very cobbly

clay loam with strong brown mottles

50 to 76 inches—yellowish brown, friable very cobbly

clay with yellowish red and brownish yellow

mottles
McMinn County, Tennessee 93

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Stoniness: Up to 0.1 percent of the surface covered by

stones

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the low

available water capacity, the large stones, and the

steepness of slope.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the low available water

capacity, the steepness of slope, and the large stones.

• The steepness of slope and the large stones

increase the difficulty of properly managing pastures

and limit the use of this soil as hayland.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, and plant

competition.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are short enough that conventional

equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair, and

the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderate permeability, the large stones, and the

steepness of slope.

• The moderate permeability in the subsoil is a

limitation affecting some sanitary facilities.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting some

urban uses.

• The cobbles and stones throughout the soil may

cause problems in areas used for lawns or as sites for

sanitary facilities or when the soil is landscaped or

excavated.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 7s
94 Soil Survey

LoE—Lostcove gravelly loam, 20 to

35 percent slopes, very stony

Setting

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Lower side slopes and

footslopes

Size of areas: 10 to several hundred acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Lostcove soil and similar components: 85 to

90 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have slopes of less than 20 percent or

more than 35 percent

• Keener soils

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil than the

Lostcove soil

Contrasting components:

• Harmiller soils

• Scattered areas of Cataska soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch—moderately decomposed hardwood leaf

litter and pine needles

1 to 5 inches—yellowish brown, very friable gravelly

loam

Subsoil:

5 to 19 inches—yellowish brown, friable very cobbly

clay loam

19 to 50 inches—yellowish brown, friable very cobbly

clay loam with strong brown mottles

50 to 76 inches—yellowish brown, friable very cobbly

clay with yellowish red and brownish yellow

mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Stoniness: 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface covered by

stones

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the low

available water capacity, the steepness of slope, and

the large stones.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the low available water

capacity, the large stones, and the steepness of slope.

• The steepness of slope and the large stones

increase the difficulty of properly managing pastures

and limit the use of this soil as hayland.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, and plant

competition.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are short enough that conventional

equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to

plant.
McMinn County, Tennessee 95

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderate permeability, the steepness of slope, and

the large stones.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 7s

McD—McCamy loam, 12 to 25 percent

slopes, rocky

Setting

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Side slopes

Size of areas: 10 to 250 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

McCamy soil and similar components: 85 to

95 percent

Rock outcrop: 0.1 to 2 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of more than

40 inches

• Scattered areas of soils that have redder colors than

the McCamy soil

Contrasting components:

• Unicoi soils

• Soils that have more rock fragments throughout than

the McCamy soil

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—moderately and highly decomposed

organic material

3 to 5 inches—brown, very friable loam

Subsoil:

5 to 11 inches—yellowish brown, very friable loam

11 to 24 inches—yellowish brown, friable clay loam

Bedrock:

24 to 31 inches—soft, brownish metasandstone

31 to 34 inches—hard metasandstone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

Depth to hard bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the shallow

root zone, the depth to bedrock, and the steepness of

slope.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the depth to bedrock and

the steepness of slope.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of this

soil as hayland.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, the hazard of

windthrow, seedling mortality, and plant competition.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be
96 Soil Survey

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

moderately deep root zone.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the gravelly

surface layer.

• Aspect and the content of gravel in the surface layer

should be carefully considered when planting sites are

selected for seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair, and

the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

depth to bedrock and the steepness of slope.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 6e

MfF—Minvale and Fullerton soils, 25 to

45 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Lower side slopes, backslopes,

fans, and footslopes

Size of areas: 10 to 133 acres

Major land use: Pasture or woodland

Composition

Minvale soil and similar components: 35 to 65 percent

Fullerton soil and similar components: 35 to

65 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Dewey soils

• Scattered areas of Collegedale soils

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of Bodine soils

• Isolated areas of Rock outcrop

• Rockdell soils in drainageways and on narrow flood

plains

Typical Profile

Minvale

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark grayish brown, very friable

gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

3 to 13 inches—light yellowish brown, friable gravelly

silt loam

Subsoil:

13 to 21 inches—yellowish brown, friable gravelly silty

clay loam

21 to 28 inches—strong brown, firm gravelly silty clay

loam
McMinn County, Tennessee 97

28 to 39 inches—mottled red, strong brown, and

yellowish brown, firm gravelly clay

39 to 68 inches—mottled yellowish red, strong brown,

yellowish brown, and very pale brown, firm very

gravelly clay

Fullerton

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—brown, friable gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

5 to 11 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly silt

loam

Subsoil:

11 to 19 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly silty

clay loam

19 to 33 inches—strong brown, friable gravelly clay

with yellowish red mottles

33 to 44 inches—yellowish red, friable very gravelly

clay with strong brown mottles

44 to 63 inches—yellowish red, firm extremely gravelly

clay with brownish yellow mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Minvale

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Fullerton

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern in areas used for

cultivated crops is the hazard of erosion.

• Erosion is a severe hazard if a conventional tillage

system is used.

• The steepness of slope prevents the use of most

tillage equipment.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitation is the slope.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of

these soils as hayland.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, plant competition,

and seedling mortality.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the moderate

available water capacity and the gravelly surface layer.

• Aspect and the stoniness should be carefully

considered when planting sites are selected for

seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited
98 Soil Survey

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is

good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are

needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderate permeability, low strength, and the

steepness of slope.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 7e

MnC—Minvale gravelly silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Upland footslopes and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 120 acres

Major land use: Woodland, hay, or pasture

Composition

Minvale soil and similar components: 85 to

95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Collegedale and Waynesboro

soils

Contrasting components:

• Hamblen and Toccoa soils along streams and

drainageways

• Small areas of Apison and Armuchee soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark grayish brown, very friable

gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

3 to 13 inches—light yellowish brown, friable gravelly

silt loam

Subsoil:

13 to 21 inches—yellowish brown, friable gravelly silty

clay loam

21 to 28 inches—strong brown, firm gravelly silty clay

loam

28 to 39 inches—mottled red, strong brown, and

yellowish brown, firm gravelly clay

39 to 68 inches—mottled yellowish red, strong brown,

yellowish brown, and very pale brown, firm very

gravelly clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern is the hazard of

erosion.

• Erosion is a moderate hazard if a conventional

tillage system is used.

• The gravelly surface layer may restrict tillage.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.
McMinn County, Tennessee 99

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Trees and brush along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect urban uses.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting most

urban uses.

• The gravelly surface layer may cause problems in

areas used for lawns or when the soil is landscaped.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 3e

MnD—Minvale gravelly silt loam, 12 to

25 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Upland footslopes and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 120 acres

Major land use: Woodland, hay, or pasture

Composition

Minvale soil and similar components: 85 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Collegedale and Waynesboro

soils

Contrasting components:

• Hamblen and Toccoa soils along streams and

drainageways

• Small areas of Apison, Coile, Corryton, and Townley

soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark grayish brown, very friable

gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

3 to 13 inches—light yellowish brown, friable gravelly

silt loam

Subsoil:

13 to 21 inches—yellowish brown, friable gravelly silty

clay loam

21 to 28 inches—strong brown, firm gravelly silty clay

loam

28 to 39 inches—mottled red, strong brown, and

yellowish brown, firm gravelly clay

39 to 68 inches—mottled yellowish red, strong brown,

yellowish brown, and very pale brown, firm very

gravelly clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches
100 Soil Survey

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern is the hazard of

erosion.

• Erosion is a severe hazard if a conventional tillage

system is used.

• The gravelly surface layer may restrict tillage.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Grassed waterways, field borders, and filter strips

help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitation is the steepness of slope.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of this

soil as hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, seedling mortality,

and plant competition.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as

possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the gravelly

surface layer.

• Aspect and the content of gravel in the surface layer

should be carefully considered when planting sites are

selected for seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cutting or by

applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair, and

the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Trees and brush along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitation affecting urban uses is the

steepness of slope.

• The gravelly surface layer may cause problems in

areas used for lawns or when the soil is landscaped.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.
McMinn County, Tennessee 101

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 4e

NcC—Needmore-Corryton complex, 5 to

12 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Dissected ridge crests and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 130 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Needmore soil and similar components: 40 to

70 percent

Corryton soil and similar components: 30 to

60 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have less clay and more rock fragments in

the subsoil than the Needmore and Corryton soils

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of soils that are less than 40 inches

deep over bedrock

• Intermingled areas of Rock outcrop

Typical Profile

Needmore

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark yellowish brown, very friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

7 to 12 inches—yellowish brown, friable silty clay loam

12 to 26 inches—strong brown, friable clay loam with

yellowish brown mottles

26 to 31 inches—strong brown, firm clay with yellowish

brown mottles

31 to 35 inches—strong brown, firm channery clay

Soft bedrock:

35 to 40 inches—soft, brownish shale

Corryton

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

9 to 17 inches—strong brown, friable silty clay loam

17 to 26 inches—yellowish brown, friable silty clay with

pale yellow and yellowish red mottles

26 to 41 inches—yellowish brown, friable clay with

pale yellow and yellowish red mottles

Substratum:

41 to 75 inches—brownish yellow, firm channery silty

clay loam with pale yellow and yellowish red

mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Needmore

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Corryton

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern in areas used for

cultivated crops is the hazard of erosion.

• The moderate available water capacity in areas of

the Needmore soil is an additional limitation.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitation is the moderate available water

capacity of the Needmore soil.
102 Soil Survey

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to

plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

clayey subsoil, the shrink-swell potential, and the

depth to bedrock.

• The moderately slow permeability and the clayey

subsoil are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities

and building site development.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be

a problem when footers and basements are

constructed.

• The depth to bedrock in areas of the Needmore soil

is a limitation affecting some building site development

and sanitary facilities.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Needmore—4e;

Corryton—3e

Ne—Neubert loam, frequently flooded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Narrow flood plains and

intermittent drainageways

Size of areas: 5 to 550 acres

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or woodland

Composition

Neubert soil and similar components: 80 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 20 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Well drained soils on natural levees

• Intermingled areas of Hamblen and Steadman soils

• Soils that are occasionally flooded

Contrasting components:

• Small areas of Alcoa soils, which are not subject to

flooding

• Isolated areas of Bloomingdale soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches—dark reddish brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

6 to 19 inches—dark reddish brown, friable sandy clay

loam

19 to 45 inches—dark reddish brown, friable

loam

Buried surface layer:

45 to 56 inches—dark reddish gray, friable loam

Buried subsoil:

56 to 74 inches—dark grayish brown, friable loam with

reddish brown mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate
McMinn County, Tennessee 103

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: Between depths of 21 and

40 inches

Flooding: Frequent

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern in areas used for

cultivated crops is the flooding.

• The wetness delays planting and harvesting in some

years.

• Some crops may be damaged by the flooding in

winter and early spring.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management, and

cover crops help to control erosion, increase the rate

of infiltration, and maintain soil tilth.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Deferment of grazing when the soil is wet minimizes

compaction and damage to the stand and helps to

prevent excessive runoff.

• The forage species that are tolerant of the wetness

and the flooding grow best.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair, and

the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

flooding and the wetness.

• The flooding and the wetness are difficult to

overcome.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2w

NnC—Nonaburg-Needmore complex, 5 to

12 percent slopes, very rocky

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Dissected ridge crests and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 115 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Nonaburg soil and similar components: 40 to

70 percent

Needmore soil and similar components: 20 to

55 percent

Rock outcrop: 2 to 10 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent
104 Soil Survey

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have less clay and more rock fragments in

the subsoil than the Nonaburg and Needmore soils

• Scattered areas of soils that are 40 to 60 inches

deep over bedrock

• Small areas of soils on ridgetops where the slopes

are less than 5 percent

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of Corryton soils

Typical Profile

Nonaburg

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches—dark brown, friable silty clay loam

Subsoil:

2 to 10 inches—dark yellowish brown, firm clay with

yellowish brown mottles

Soft bedrock:

10 to 39 inches—soft, brownish shale

Needmore

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark yellowish brown, very friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

7 to 12 inches—yellowish brown, friable silty clay loam

12 to 26 inches—strong brown, friable clay loam with

yellowish brown mottles

26 to 31 inches—strong brown, firm clay with yellowish

brown mottles

31 to 35 inches—strong brown, firm channery clay

Soft bedrock:

35 to 40 inches—soft, brownish shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Nonaburg

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Depth to soft bedrock: 8 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Needmore

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting cultivated crops are

erosion and the depth to bedrock in areas of the

Nonaburg soil.

• The very low available water capacity of the

Nonaburg soil and the Rock outcrop are additional

limitations.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the very low available water

capacity of the Nonaburg soil, the moderate available

water capacity of the Needmore soil, and the Rock

outcrop.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are plant

competition, seedling mortality, and the hazard of

windthrow.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the shallow

rooting depth and the very low available water capacity

in areas of the Nonaburg soil.

• Aspect and the depth to bedrock should be carefully

considered when planting sites are selected for

seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone in the Nonaburg soil.
McMinn County, Tennessee 105

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by

applying a carefully regulated thinning and salvage

program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is poor in

areas of the Nonaburg soil and good in areas of the

Needmore soil.

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is fair in

areas of the Nonaburg soil and good in areas of the

Needmore soil.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

clayey subsoil, the shrink-swell potential, and the

depth to bedrock.

• The moderately slow permeability, the clayey

subsoil, and the depth to bedrock are limitations

affecting some sanitary facilities and building site

development.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be

a problem when footers and basements are

constructed.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Nonaburg—6s;

Needmore—4e

NnD—Nonaburg-Needmore complex,

12 to 25 percent slopes, very rocky

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Dissected ridges and side slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 175 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Nonaburg soil and similar components: 40 to

70 percent

Needmore soil and similar components: 20 to

55 percent

Rock outcrop: 2 to 10 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have less clay and more rock fragments in

the subsoil than the Nonaburg and Needmore soils

• Scattered areas of soils that are 40 to 60 inches

deep over bedrock

• Small areas of soils on ridgetops where the slopes

are less than 12 percent

Contrasting components:

• Small areas of Corryton soils

Typical Profile

Nonaburg

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches—dark brown, friable silty clay loam

Subsoil:

2 to 10 inches—dark yellowish brown, firm clay with

yellowish brown mottles

Soft bedrock:

10 to 39 inches—soft, brownish shale

Needmore

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark yellowish brown, very friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

7 to 12 inches—yellowish brown, friable silty clay

loam

12 to 26 inches—strong brown, friable clay loam with

yellowish brown mottles

26 to 31 inches—strong brown, firm clay with yellowish

brown mottles

31 to 35 inches—strong brown, firm channery clay
106 Soil Survey

Soft bedrock:

35 to 40 inches—soft, brownish shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Nonaburg

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Depth to soft bedrock: 8 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Needmore

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting cultivated crops are

erosion and the depth to bedrock in areas of the

Nonaburg soil.

• The very low available water capacity in areas of the

Nonaburg soil and the Rock outcrop are additional

limitations.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the Rock outcrop, the very

low available water capacity of the Nonaburg soil, the

moderate available water capacity of the Needmore

soil, and the steepness of slope on both soils.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of

these soils as hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, plant competition,

seedling mortality, and the hazard of windthrow.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as

possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the shallow

rooting depth and the very low available water capacity

in areas of the Nonaburg soil.

• Aspect and the depth to bedrock should be carefully

considered when planting sites are selected for

seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone in the Nonaburg soil.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is poor in

areas of the Nonaburg soil and good in areas of the

Needmore soil.
McMinn County, Tennessee 107

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is fair in

areas of the Nonaburg and Needmore soils.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

clayey subsoil, the shrink-swell potential, the depth to

bedrock, and the steepness of slope.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Nonaburg—6s;

Needmore—6e

NoF—Nonaburg-Needmore-Rock outcrop

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Dissected ridge crests and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 115 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Nonaburg soil and similar components: 60 to

90 percent

Needmore soil and similar components: 5 to

30 percent

Rock outcrop and similar components: 5 to

20 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have less clay and more rock fragments in

the subsoil than the Nonaburg and Needmore soils

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of soils that are more than

40 inches deep over bedrock

Typical Profile

Nonaburg

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches—dark brown, friable silty clay loam

Subsoil:

2 to 10 inches—dark yellowish brown, firm clay with

yellowish brown mottles

Soft bedrock:

10 to 39 inches—soft, brownish shale

Needmore

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark yellowish brown, very friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

7 to 12 inches—yellowish brown, friable silty clay loam

12 to 26 inches—strong brown, friable clay loam with

yellowish brown mottles

26 to 31 inches—strong brown, firm clay with yellowish

brown mottles

31 to 35 inches—strong brown, firm channery clay

Soft bedrock:

35 to 40 inches—soft, brownish shale

Rock outcrop

The Rock outcrop occurs as areas of exposed

shale or limestone intermingled with areas where less

than 2 or 3 inches of soil material overlies shale or

limestone bedrock. It is in scattered areas throughout

the map unit. Most outcrops protrude from a few

inches to about 2 feet above the surface, but some are

on nearly vertical bluffs. The Rock outcrop supports

little or no vegetation.

Soil Properties and Qualities

Nonaburg

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to slightly alkaline
108 Soil Survey

Depth to soft bedrock: 8 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Needmore

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the depth to

bedrock, and the Rock outcrop.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the Rock outcrop, the

steepness of slope, and the very low or low available

water capacity in areas of the Nonaburg and

Needmore soils.

Woodland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, plant competition,

seedling mortality, and the hazard of windthrow.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as

possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are

short enough that conventional equipment can be

used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the shallow

rooting depth and the very low available water capacity

in areas of the Nonaburg soil.

• Aspect and the depth to bedrock should be carefully

considered when planting sites are selected for

seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone in the Nonaburg soil.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is fair.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

clayey subsoil, the shrink-swell potential, the depth to

bedrock, and the steepness of slope.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Nonaburg—7s;

Needmore—7e; Rock outcrop—8s
McMinn County, Tennessee 109

Pe—Pettyjon silty clay loam, occasionally

flooded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Upland depressions and

drainageways

Size of areas: 5 to 15 acres

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or cropland

Composition

Pettyjon soil and similar components: 85 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Hamblen and Steadman soils in landscape positions

similar to those of the Pettyjon soil

• Etowah soils on footslopes

• Soils that have a very dark brown surface layer

Contrasting components:

• Soils that are not subject to flooding or ponding

• Isolated areas of somewhat poorly drained soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—brown, very friable silty clay loam

Subsoil:

7 to 18 inches—brown, very friable silty clay loam

18 to 33 inches—dark brown, very friable loam

33 to 61 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: Between depths of 60 and

72 inches

Flooding: Occasional

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.

• Some crops may be damaged by flooding or

ponding in the winter and early spring.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management, and

cover crops help to control erosion, increase the rate

of infiltration, and maintain soil tilth.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Deferment of grazing when the soil is wet minimizes

compaction and damage to the stand and helps to

prevent excessive runoff.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair, and

the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.
110 Soil Survey

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

flooding and the ponding.

• The flooding and the ponding are difficult to

overcome.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2w

PM—Pits, Mines, and Dumps

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Size of areas: 20 to 170 acres

Major land use: Mining of limestone and barite

Composition

Pits, Mines, and Dumps and similar components: 85 to

95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Highwalls, spoil piles, strippings, and other debris

Contrasting components:

• Dewey, Fullerton, and Waynesboro soils

Typical Profile

A typical profile is not given for this map unit.

Soil Properties and Qualities

The soil material in this map unit varies greatly.

Use and Management

• Extensive reclamation, land shaping, and intensive

erosion-control measures are needed for most uses.

• Onsite investigation is needed to determine the

limitations affecting any proposed use.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: None assigned

RhF—Red Hills and Steekee soils, 35 to

80 percent slopes, rocky

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Side slopes and backslopes

Size of areas: 10 to several hundred acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Red Hills soil and similar components: 50 to 70

percent

Steekee soil and similar components: 30 to 50 percent

Rock outcrop: 0.1 to 2 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil than the Red

Hills soil

• Soils that have a surface layer of loam or clay loam

Contrasting components:

• Alcoa soils on footslopes and in coves

• Narrow strips of Neubert soils along drainageways

and intermittent streams

• Intermingled areas of Tellico soils

Typical Profile

Red Hills

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable sandy

loam

Subsoil:

4 to 16 inches—dark reddish brown, friable gravelly

sandy loam

16 to 26 inches—dark reddish brown, friable very

gravelly loam

Soft bedrock:

26 to 32 inches—dark reddish brown, soft sandstone

Steekee

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable sandy

loam

Subsoil:

4 to 10 inches—reddish brown, friable gravelly loam

and gravelly sandy clay loam

Substratum:

10 to 14 inches—intermingled reddish brown, friable

very gravelly sandy clay loam and soft quartzose

sandstone

Bedrock:

14 to 60 inches—interbedded light olive brown, soft

sandstone and reddish brown, soft shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Red Hills

Drainage class: Well drained
McMinn County, Tennessee 111

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Steekee

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 12 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting cultivated crops

are erosion, the depth to bedrock in areas of the

Steekee soil, the Rock outcrop, and the steepness

of slope.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the steepness of slope and

the Rock outcrop.

• Additional limitations are the moderate available

water capacity in the Red Hills soil and the very low

available water capacity in the Steekee soil.

• The steepness of slope and the Rock outcrop

increase the difficulty of properly managing pastures

and limit the use of these soils as hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited (fig. 7)

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, and plant

competition.

• The hazard of windthrow and the seedling mortality

rate are additional limitations in areas of the Steekee

soil.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone in the Steekee soil.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the shallow

rooting depth and the very low available water capacity

in areas of the Steekee soil.

• Aspect and the depth to bedrock should be carefully

considered when planting sites are selected for

seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is fair in

areas of the Red Hills soil and poor in areas of the

Steekee soil.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.
112 Soil Survey

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

depth to bedrock and the steepness of slope.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 7e

Rk—Rockdell gravelly loam, occasionally

flooded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Flood plains and drainageways

near cherty uplands

Size of areas: 5 to 195 acres

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or woodland

Composition

Rockdell soil and similar components: 85 to

100 percent

Contrasting components: 0 to 15 percent

Figure 7.—An area of Red Hills and Steekee soils, 35 to 80 percent slopes, rocky, on the side slopes. These very steep soils are

suited to woodland.
McMinn County, Tennessee 113

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Hamblen soils

• Pettyjon soils on natural levees and at the slightly

higher elevations

• Soils that are subject to rare flooding

Contrasting components:

• Small areas of Minvale soils on footslopes and

stream terraces

• Isolated areas of soils that are moderately well

drained and have a fragipan

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—brown, very friable gravelly

loam

Subsoil:

10 to 18 inches—yellowish brown, friable gravelly

loam

18 to 29 inches—yellowish brown, friable extremely

gravelly loam

Substratum:

29 to 41 inches—light yellowish brown, friable very

gravelly loam

Buried subsoil:

41 to 60 inches—strong brown, friable very cobbly clay

loam with light gray and yellowish red mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: Between depths of 42 and

60 inches

Flooding: Occasional

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.

• Some crops may be damaged by the flooding in

winter and early spring.

• The gravelly surface layer may restrict tillage.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management, and

cover crops help to control erosion, increase the rate

of infiltration, and maintain soil tilth.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Deferment of grazing when the soil is wet minimizes

compaction and damage to the stand and helps to

prevent excessive runoff.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the gravelly

surface layer.

• Aspect and the content of gravel in the surface layer

should be carefully considered when planting sites are

selected for seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to

plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is fair.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.
114 Soil Survey

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

flooding and the wetness.

• The pebbles and cobbles throughout the soil will

cause problems in areas used for lawns and when the

soil is landscaped or used as a source of topsoil

material.

• The flooding and the wetness are difficult to

overcome.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 3w

RoF—Rock outcrop-Bradyville complex,

5 to 50 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Side slopes and ridges

Size of areas: 5 to 100 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Rock outcrop and similar components: 30 to

70 percent

Bradyville soil and similar components: 30 to

60 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 20 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have limestone bedrock at a depth of 20 to

40 inches

• Soils that have more gravel throughout than the

Bradyville soil

• Dewey and Fullerton soils in landscape positions

similar to those of the Bradyville soil

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of soils that have limestone bedrock

within a depth of 20 inches

Typical Profile

Rock outcrop

The Rock outcrop occurs as areas of exposed

limestone or dolomite or in areas that have less than

2 or 3 inches of soil material over the bedrock. Most

outcrops protrude from a few inches to about 2 feet

above the surface, but some are on nearly vertical

bluffs that are up to 10 feet tall. The Rock outcrop

supports little or no vegetation.

Bradyville

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable gravelly

silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 20 inches—strong brown, friable clay

20 to 44 inches—yellowish red, firm clay

Bedrock:

44 to 48 inches—hard, gray limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Bradyville

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral

Depth to hard bedrock: 40 to 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the Rock

outcrop, and the steepness of slope.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the Rock outcrop and the

steepness of slope.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, and plant

competition in areas of the Bradyville soil.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.
McMinn County, Tennessee 115

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• The depth to bedrock should be carefully considered

when planting sites are selected for seedlings.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good in

areas of the Bradyville soil.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

Rock outcrop and the steepness of slope.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Rock outcrop—8s;

Bradyville—7e

ShB—Shady loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Flood plains, drainageways, and

stream terraces, mostly along Conasauga Creek

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or cropland

Composition

Shady soil and similar components: 85 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Hamblen soils in depressions and drainageways

• Etowah soils in landscape positions similar to those

of the Shady soil

• Soils that have more gravel throughout than the

Shady soil

• Soils that are subject to rare flooding

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of 36 to 48 inches

Contrasting components:

• Small areas of Bloomingdale soils in depressions

• Intermingled areas of Townley soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

8 to 22 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable clay

loam

22 to 36 inches—yellowish brown, friable clay loam

36 to 60 inches—yellowish brown, friable loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

60 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management, and

cover crops help to control erosion, increase the rate

of infiltration, and maintain soil tilth.

• Terraces, grassed waterways, field borders, and filter

strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited
116 Soil Survey

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect urban uses.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2e

ShC—Shady loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Stream terraces

Size of areas: 5 to 20 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or cropland

Composition

Shady soil and similar components: 85 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Hamblen soils in depressions and drainageways

• Etowah soils in landscape positions similar to those

of the Shady soil

• Soils that have more gravel throughout than the

Shady soil

• Soils that are subject to rare flooding

• Soils that have more clay in the lower part of the

subsoil than the Shady soil

Contrasting components:

• Small areas of Bloomingdale soils in depressions

• Intermingled areas of Townley soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

8 to 22 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable clay

loam

22 to 36 inches—yellowish brown, friable clay loam

36 to 60 inches—yellowish brown, friable loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

60 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Erosion is a moderate hazard if a conventional

tillage system is used.
McMinn County, Tennessee 117

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management, and

cover crops help to control erosion, increase the rate

of infiltration, and maintain soil tilth.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect urban uses.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting some

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation may

help to overcome the slope.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 3e

St—Steadman silty clay loam, frequently

flooded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (in the Chestuee Creek area)

Landscape position: Flood plains

Size of areas: 5 to 320 acres

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Major land use: Pasture and hay

Composition

Steadman soil and similar components: 90 to

100 percent

Contrasting components: 0 to 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Pettyjon soils at the higher elevations and on natural

levees

• Intermingled areas of Hamblen soils

Contrasting components:

• Bloomingdale soils in depressions and old meander

channels

• Small areas of soils that are not subject to flooding

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable silty clay

loam

Subsoil:

7 to 19 inches—strong brown, friable silty clay loam

19 to 27 inches—brown, friable silty clay loam with

dark grayish brown mottles

27 to 36 inches—brown, friable silty clay loam with

light brownish gray mottles
118 Soil Survey

Substratum:

36 to 50 inches—brown, friable silty clay loam with

light brownish gray mottles

50 to 61 inches—brown, friable silty clay loam with

strong brown and grayish brown mottles

61 to 64 inches—brown, friable loam with light

brownish gray mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: Between depths of 18 and

36 inches

Flooding: Frequent

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to slightly alkaline

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.

• The wetness delays planting and harvesting in some

years.

• Some crops may be damaged by the flooding in

winter and early spring.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management, and

cover crops help to control erosion, increase the rate

of infiltration, and maintain soil tilth.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Deferment of grazing when the soil is wet minimizes

compaction and damage to the stand and helps to

prevent excessive runoff.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair, and

the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

flooding and the wetness.

• The flooding and the wetness are difficult to

overcome.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2w

SuC—Sunlight-Apison complex, 5 to

12 percent slopes, very rocky

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Dissected ridge crests and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 115 acres

Major land use: Woodland
McMinn County, Tennessee 119

Composition

Sunlight soil and similar components: 50 to

80 percent

Apison soil and similar components: 20 to 45 percent

Rock outcrop: 2 to 10 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil than the

Apison soil

• Intermingled areas of Coile and Townley soils

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of soils that are more than

40 inches deep over bedrock

Typical Profile

Sunlight

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable

channery sandy loam

Subsoil:

3 to 13 inches—reddish brown, friable very channery

loam

Soft bedrock:

13 to 20 inches—fractured and tilted, reddish siltstone,

sandstone, and shale

Apison

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches—yellowish red, friable clay loam with

brown mottles

19 to 22 inches—strong brown, friable channery clay

loam with brownish yellow mottles

Substratum:

22 to 60 inches—brown, friable sandy loam; layers of

olive yellow, soft, sandy shale bedrock in the lower

part

Soil Properties and Qualities

Sunlight

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Apison

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting cultivated crops are

erosion and the depth to bedrock in areas of the

Sunlight soil.

• The very low available water capacity in the Sunlight

soil and the moderate available water capacity in the

Apison soil are additional limitations.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the Rock outcrop, the very

low available water capacity of the Sunlight soil, and

the moderate available water capacity of the Apison

soil.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are plant

competition, seedling mortality, and the hazard of

windthrow.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop in

areas of the Apison soil.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the shallow

rooting depth and the very low available water capacity

in areas of the Sunlight soil.
120 Soil Survey

• Aspect and the depth to bedrock should be carefully

considered when planting sites are selected for

seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone in the Sunlight soil.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to

plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is fair in

areas of the Sunlight soil and good in areas of the

Apison soil.

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is good in

areas of the Apison soil.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

depth to bedrock and the steepness of slope.

• The depth to bedrock and the steepness of slope

are limitations affecting most building site development

and sanitary facilities.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Sunlight—6e;

Apison—3e

SuD—Sunlight-Apison complex, 12 to

25 percent slopes, very rocky

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Dissected ridge crests and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 125 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Sunlight soil and similar components: 50 to

80 percent

Apison soil and similar components: 20 to

50 percent

Rock outcrop: 2 to 10 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil than the

Apison soil

• Intermingled areas of Coile and Townley soils

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of soils that are more than 40

inches deep over bedrock

Typical Profile

Sunlight

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable

channery sandy loam

Subsoil:

3 to 13 inches—reddish brown, friable very channery

loam

Soft bedrock:

13 to 20 inches—fractured and tilted, reddish siltstone,

sandstone, and shale

Apison

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches—yellowish red, friable clay loam with

brown mottles

19 to 22 inches—strong brown, friable channery clay

loam with brownish yellow mottles

Substratum:

22 to 60 inches—brown, friable sandy loam; layers of

olive yellow, soft, sandy shale bedrock in the lower

part
McMinn County, Tennessee 121

Soil Properties and Qualities

Sunlight

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly

acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Apison

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly

acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting cultivated crops are

erosion and the depth to bedrock in areas of the

Sunlight soil.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the Rock outcrop, the

steepness of slope, the very low available water

capacity of the Sunlight soil, and the moderate

available water capacity of the Apison soil.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of

these soils as hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the equipment

limitation, the hazard of erosion, plant competition,

seedling mortality, and the hazard of windthrow.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

may be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop in

areas of the Apison soil.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the shallow

rooting depth and the very low available water capacity

in areas of the Sunlight soil.

• Aspect and the depth to bedrock should be carefully

considered when planting sites are selected for

seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone in the Sunlight soil.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is fair in

areas of the Sunlight soil and good in areas of the

Apison soil.

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair in

areas of the Apison soil.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.
122 Soil Survey

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

depth to bedrock and the steepness of slope.

• The depth to bedrock and the steepness of slope

are limitations affecting most building site development

and sanitary facilities.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Sunlight—7e;

Apison—4e

TaB—Tasso loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Footslopes and stream terraces

Size of areas: 5 to 95 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or woodland

Composition

Tasso soil and similar components: 85 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Bellamy soils

• Intermingled areas of Etowah and Shady soils

Contrasting components:

• Bloomingdale soils in depressions

• Small areas of Rockdell soils along streams and

drainageways

• Soils that are ponded for brief periods

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable loam

Subsurface layer:

9 to 15 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable loam

with yellowish brown mottles

Subsoil:

15 to 30 inches—yellowish brown, friable clay loam

30 to 42 inches—yellowish brown, friable but brittle

gravelly clay with strong brown and light gray

mottles

42 to 48 inches—brownish yellow, friable clay with

yellowish red and light brownish gray mottles

48 to 59 inches—strong brown, friable clay loam with

light yellowish brown and light brownish gray

mottles

59 to 62 inches—strong brown, firm gravelly clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part, moderately

slow in the lower part

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: Between depths of 24 and

36 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately

acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the moderately deep root zone,

the moderate available water capacity, and the

wetness.

• The wetness delays planting and harvesting in some

years.

• Crop species that have a short growing season and

can tolerate the wetness should be selected for

planting.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• Terraces, grassed waterways, field borders, and filter

strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited
McMinn County, Tennessee 123

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• The growth of some forage species is limited by the

moderately deep root zone and the moderate available

water capacity.

• Deferment of grazing when the soil is wet minimizes

compaction and damage to the stand and helps to

prevent excessive runoff.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderately slow permeability, the clayey subsoil, low

strength, and the shrink-swell potential.

• The moderately slow permeability and the clayey

subsoil are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities

and building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed.

• Special measures are needed to help overcome

subsurface drainage problems.

• This soil is best suited to dwellings without

basements.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2e

TaC—Tasso loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Footslopes and stream terraces

Size of areas: 5 to 60 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or woodland

Composition

Tasso soil and similar components: 85 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have a higher content of rock fragments

than the Tasso soil

• Intermingled areas of Etowah and Shady soils

• Scattered areas of Bellamy soils

Contrasting components:

• Small areas of somewhat poorly drained soils

• Hamblen and Rockdell soils along streams and in

drainageways

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable loam
124 Soil Survey

Subsurface layer:

9 to 15 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable loam

with yellowish brown mottles

Subsoil:

15 to 30 inches—yellowish brown, friable clay loam

30 to 42 inches—yellowish brown, friable but brittle

gravelly clay with light gray mottles

42 to 48 inches—brownish yellow, friable clay with light

brownish gray mottles

48 to 59 inches—strong brown, friable clay loam with

light yellowish brown and light brownish gray

mottles

59 to 62 inches—strong brown, firm gravelly clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part, moderately

slow in the lower part

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: Between depths of 24 and

36 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the

moderately deep root zone, the moderate available

water capacity, and the wetness.

• The wetness delays planting and harvesting in some

years.

• Crop species that have a short growing season and

can tolerate the wetness should be selected for

planting.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• The growth of some forage species is limited by the

moderately deep root zone and the moderate available

water capacity.

• Deferment of grazing when the soil is wet minimizes

compaction and damage to the stand and helps to

prevent excessive runoff.

• The steepness of slope may be a limitation affecting

hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited
McMinn County, Tennessee 125

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderately slow permeability, the clayey subsoil, low

strength, the shrink-swell potential, and the steepness

of slope.

• The moderately slow permeability and the clayey

subsoil are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities

and building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting some

urban uses.

• Special measures are needed to help overcome

subsurface drainage problems.

• This soil is best suited to dwellings without

basements.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 3e

TeC—Tellico loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests

Size of areas: 5 to 170 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or woodland

Composition

Tellico soil and similar components: 85 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that do not have dark red colors throughout

• Intermingled areas of Needmore and Corryton soils

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of Steekee, Townley, Coile, and

Apison soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable loam

Subsoil:

4 to 11 inches—dark red, friable clay loam

11 to 25 inches—dark red, friable clay

25 to 70 inches—dark red, friable clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern in areas used for

cultivated crops is the hazard of erosion.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation helps to control erosion in most

areas.

• Terraces, grassed waterways, field borders, and filter

strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited
126 Soil Survey

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderate permeability, the clayey subsoil, low

strength, and the shrink-swell potential.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities and

building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be

a problem when footers and basements are

constructed.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 3e

TeE3—Tellico loam, 5 to 35 percent

slopes, gullied

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (in the Red Hills area)

Landscape position: Ridge crests, backslopes, and

side slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 60 acres

Major land use: Pasture or woodland

Composition

Tellico soil and similar components: 80 to 95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 20 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that do not have dark red colors throughout the

subsoil

• Intermingled areas of Corryton soils

Contrasting components:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil than the

Tellico soil

• Scattered areas of Townley, Needmore, and Red

Hills, and Steekee soils

• Isolated areas of Rock outcrop

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable loam

Subsoil:

4 to 11 inches—dark red, friable clay loam

11 to 25 inches—dark red, friable clay

25 to 70 inches—dark red, friable clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to hard bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion and the

gullies.

• Intensive erosion-control measures are needed if

this soil is used for cultivated crops.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the steepness of slope and

the gullies.

• The gullied areas and the steepness of slope

increase the difficulty of properly managing pastures

and limit the use of this soil as hayland.
McMinn County, Tennessee 127

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, and plant

competition.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

may be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair,

and the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is

good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

moderate permeability, the clayey subsoil, low

strength, the shrink-swell potential, and the steepness

of slope.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities and

building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting most

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 6e

ThF—Tellico-Red Hills complex, 25 to

65 percent slopes, rocky

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Side slopes, backslopes, and

shoulder slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 185 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Tellico soil and similar components: 70 to 90 percent

Red Hills soil and similar components: 10 to 30

percent

Rock outcrop: 0.1 to 2 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent
128 Soil Survey

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil than the

Tellico soil

• Tellico soils that have a surface layer of clay loam or

sandy loam

• Scattered areas of soils that are slightly acid or

neutral in the subsoil

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of Steekee soils

Typical Profile

Tellico

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable

loam

Subsoil:

4 to 11 inches—dark red, friable clay loam

11 to 25 inches—dark red, friable clay

25 to 70 inches—dark red, friable clay loam

Red Hills

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable sandy

loam

Subsoil:

4 to 16 inches—dark reddish brown, friable cobbly

sandy loam

16 to 26 inches—dark reddish brown, friable very

cobbly loam

Soft bedrock:

26 to 32 inches—dark reddish brown, soft

sandstone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Tellico

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to hard bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Red Hills

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion and the

steepness of slope.

• The Rock outcrop is an additional limitation.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the steepness of slope and

the Rock outcrop.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of

these soils as hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, and plant

competition.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are broken up enough or are short

enough that conventional equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.
McMinn County, Tennessee 129

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to

plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good in

areas of the Tellico soil and fair in areas of the Red

Hills soil.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses in areas of

the Tellico soil are the moderate permeability, the

clayey subsoil, low strength, and the shrink-swell

potential.

• The depth to bedrock is the main limitation affecting

urban uses in areas of the Red Hills soil.

• The steepness of slope is an additional limitation

affecting most urban uses in areas of the Tellico and

Red Hills soils.

• The moderate permeability in the subsoil, the

clayey subsoil, and the moderate shrink-swell

potential are limitations affecting some sanitary

facilities and building site development in areas of

the Tellico soil.

• The low strength of the Tellico soil may be a problem

on sites for local roads and streets or when the soil is

used as a source of roadfill.

• The depth to bedrock is a limitation affecting some

building site development in areas of the Red Hills soil.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 7e

TkD—Tellico-Steekee complex, 12 to

25 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Narrow ridge crests, backslopes,

and shoulder slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 175 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Tellico soil and similar components: 40 to 70 percent

Steekee soil and similar components: 30 to 60 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil than the

Tellico and Steekee soils

• Alcoa soils

• Soils that are slightly acid or neutral in the subsoil

Contrasting components:

• Rock outcrop near slope breaks

• Scattered areas of soils that are less than 20 inches

deep over bedrock

Typical Profile

Tellico

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable

loam

Subsoil:

4 to 11 inches—dark red, friable clay loam

11 to 25 inches—dark red, friable clay

25 to 70 inches—dark red, friable clay loam

Steekee

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches—dark reddish brown, very friable sandy

loam

Subsoil:

4 to 10 inches—reddish brown, friable gravelly loam

and gravelly sandy clay loam

Substratum:

10 to 14 inches—intermingled reddish brown, friable

very gravelly sandy clay loam and soft quartzose

sandstone

Bedrock:

14 to 60 inches—interbedded light olive brown, soft

sandstone and reddish brown, soft shale
130 Soil Survey

Soil Properties and Qualities

Tellico

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to hard bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Steekee

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately

acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 12 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern in areas used for

cultivated crops is the hazard of erosion.

• The depth to bedrock and the very low available

water capacity are additional limitations in areas of the

Steekee soil.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitation is the low available water

capacity of the Steekee soil.

• The steepness of slope increases the difficulty of

properly managing pastures and limits the use of

these soils as hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, the equipment limitation, and plant

competition.

• The hazard of windthrow and seedling mortality are

additional limitations in areas of the Steekee soil.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are short enough that conventional

equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

may be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone in the Steekee soil.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the gravelly

surface layer.

• Aspect and the content of gravel in the surface layer

should be carefully considered when planting sites are

selected for seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland wildlife habitat is fair and

the potential for woodland wildlife habitat is good in

areas of the Tellico soil.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.
McMinn County, Tennessee 131

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses in areas of

the Tellico soil are the moderate permeability, the

clayey subsoil, and the shrink-swell potential.

• The depth to bedrock is the main limitation affecting

urban uses in areas of the Steekee soil.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting

most urban uses in areas of the Tellico and Steekee

soils.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities

and building site development in areas of the Tellico

soil.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil may be a

problem when footers and basements are constructed

in areas of the Tellico soil.

• The depth to bedrock is a limitation affecting some

building site development in areas of the Steekee soil.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Tellico—4e;

Steekee—6e

To—Toccoa loam, occasionally flooded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (in the Hiwassee River valley)

Landscape position: Flood plains

Size of areas: 5 to 45 acres

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or cropland

Composition

Toccoa soil and similar components: 85 to

100 percent

Contrasting components: 0 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have a surface layer of sandy loam

Contrasting components:

• Soils that have a sandy subsoil and are near the

banks of the Hiwassee River

• Small areas of moderately well drained or somewhat

poorly drained soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—dark yellowish brown, very friable

loam

Substratum:

10 to 26 inches—dark yellowish brown, very friable

loam

Buried surface layer:

26 to 34 inches—dark brown, friable loam

Buried subsoil:

34 to 48 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable

loam

Buried substratum:

48 to 60 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable loam

with very dark grayish brown mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: Between depths of 48 and

72 inches

Flooding: Occasional

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.

• Some crops may be damaged by the flooding in

winter and early spring.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management, and

cover crops help to control erosion, increase the rate

of infiltration, and maintain soil tilth.

• Grassed waterways, field borders, and filter strips

help to control erosion and runoff.
132 Soil Survey

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Deferment of grazing when the soil is wet minimizes

compaction and damage to the stand and helps to

prevent excessive runoff.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitation affecting urban uses is the

flooding.

• The flooding is difficult to overcome.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2w

TwB2—Townley-Coile complex, 2 to

5 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Broad ridge crests

Size of areas: 5 to 125 acres

Major land use: Pasture and hay; a few areas used as

cropland or woodland

Composition

Townley soil and similar components: 65 to

85 percent

Coile soil and similar components: 15 to

35 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have a surface layer of silty clay loam or

channery silt loam

• Scattered areas of Apison soils

• Severely eroded soils

Contrasting components:

• Intermingled areas of Corryton soils

Typical Profile

Townley

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—strong brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

5 to 24 inches—yellowish red, friable clay with

brownish yellow mottles

Substratum:

24 to 28 inches—yellowish red, firm silty clay loam

with brownish yellow and strong brown mottles

Soft bedrock:

28 to 44 inches—yellowish red, firm silty clay loam

and light olive brown sandy shale

Coile

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark brown, very friable silt loam
McMinn County, Tennessee 133

Subsoil:

3 to 10 inches—dark yellowish brown and strong

brown, friable very channery silt loam and

channery clay

Substratum:

10 to 18 inches—strong brown, friable channery clay

with light brownish yellow mottles

Soft bedrock:

18 to 24 inches—light olive brown and light yellowish

brown, tilted, acid shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Townley

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow

Available water capacity: Low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Coile

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or moderate

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately

acid

Depth to soft bedrock: 9 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the shallow root zone and the very

low available water capacity of the Coile soil and the

moderately deep root zone and the low available water

capacity of the Townley soil.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• Field borders and filter strips help to control erosion

and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the low available water

capacity of the Townley soil and the very low available

water capacity of the Coile soil.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are plant

competition in areas of the Townley soil and seedling

mortality and the hazard of windthrow in areas of the

Coile soil.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the low or very

low available water capacity.

• Aspect, the depth to bedrock, and the stoniness

should be carefully considered when planting sites are

selected for seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone in the Coile soil.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good in areas of the Townley soil and fair in

areas of the Coile soil.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.
134 Soil Survey

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

restricted permeability, the clayey subsoil, low

strength, the shrink-swell potential, and the depth to

bedrock.

• The slow permeability in the subsoil, the clayey

subsoil, and the shrink-swell potential of the Townley

soil are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities

and building site development.

• The moderate permeability of the Coile soil may be

a limitation affecting some sanitary facilities.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soils are used as a

source of roadfill.

• The depth to bedrock is a limitation affecting some

building site development.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Townley—3e; Coile—4e

UDC—Udorthents-Urban land complex,

2 to 12 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Uplands

Size of areas: 5 to 5,100 acres

Major land use: Urban development

Composition

Udorthents and similar components: 40 to 50 percent

Urban land and similar components: 45 to 55 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Bodine, Dewey, Fullerton,

Waynesboro, Coile, and Apison soils

Contrasting components:

• Soils that are along drainageways and streams and

are subject to occasional flooding

Typical Profile

Udorthents

A typical profile is not given because Udorthents

vary greatly.

Urban land

The Urban land mostly consists of areas where the

surface is covered by roads, streets, parking lots,

commercial buildings, houses, and other types of

impervious ground cover. In places the natural

drainage pattern has been altered by a system of

ditches and storm drains. The underlying soil material

is not observable. A typical profile of Urban land is not

given.

Soil Properties and Qualities

Udorthents

Drainage class: Well drained to excessively

drained

Permeability: Slow or very slow

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

60 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to neutral

Depth to bedrock: 40 to more than 72 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low to high

Use and Management

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The hazard of erosion is a major management

concern during construction.

• A well designed erosion-control plan is needed.

• Erosion barriers, diversions, and rocklined or

vegetated waterways are important management

practices.

• Timely revegetation of bare areas should be a

priority.

• Plant species that can tolerate a wide range of soil

conditions grow best.

• Providing a good seedbed, maintaining the proper

fertility level, and mulching seeded areas help to

establish a protective cover of vegetation.

• Intensive revegetation measures, such as

hydroseeding and sodding, may be needed in problem

areas.
McMinn County, Tennessee 135

• A layer of concrete, asphalt, coarse gravel, gabion

stone, or riprap helps to control erosion in areas where

vegetation cannot be established.

• The load-bearing strength, the shrink-swell potential,

surface runoff, and storm drainage management are

concerns affecting urban development.

• Differential settling is a management concern in

some areas of fill material used as sites for dwellings,

small commercial buildings, or local roads and streets.

• Proper compaction of fill material minimizes

differential settling.

• The steepness of slope is the major limitation on

sites for dwellings and small commercial buildings.

• Land shaping helps to overcome the slope on sites

for dwellings and small commercial buildings.

• Designing buildings and structures so that they

conform to the natural slope of the land reduces the

need for land shaping.

• The shrink-swell potential of the Udorthents should

be considered when footers and basements are

designed.

• This map unit commonly is not suitable as a site for

onsite subsurface sewage disposal.

• In most places access to a municipal sewage

disposal system will be needed.

• The stoniness may be a limitation in areas used for

lawns or golf fairways and when the soils are

landscaped.

• Adding topsoil and maintaining the proper fertility

level help to establish ground cover.

• The low strength and the steepness of slope are

limitations on sites for local roads and streets.

• Adding gravel or other suitable subgrade material

helps to prevent the road damage caused by low

strength.

• Designing roads so that they follow the natural

contour and land shaping help to overcome the slope.

• The shrink-swell potential in the subsoil material

should be considered when local roads are planned

and designed.

• Onsite investigation is needed to determine the

limitations affecting any proposed use.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: None assigned

UnE—Unicoi gravelly sandy loam, 10 to

35 percent slopes, very rocky

Setting

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Ridge crests and the upper side

slopes

Size of areas: 10 to several hundred acres

Major land use: Woodland (fig. 8)

Composition

Unicoi soil and similar components: 85 to 95 percent

Rock outcrop: 2 to 10 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Soils that have fewer rock fragments than the Unicoi

soil

• Soils that are 20 to 40 inches deep over bedrock

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of Lostcove soils in drainageways

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—brown, very friable gravelly sandy loam

Subsoil:

5 to 15 inches—brownish yellow, friable very gravelly

sandy loam

Bedrock:

15 to 20 inches—hard, fractured, arkosic sandstone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

Depth to hard bedrock: 7 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the shallow

root zone, the depth to bedrock, the low available

water capacity, the stoniness, and the Rock outcrop.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the low

available water capacity, the Rock outcrop, the

stoniness, and the depth to bedrock.

• The steepness of slope, the Rock outcrop, and the

large stones increase the difficulty of properly
136 Soil Survey

managing pastures and limits the use of this soil as

hayland.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion, seedling mortality, the equipment limitation,

and the hazard of windthrow.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as

possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• Slopes generally are short enough that conventional

equipment can be used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

Figure 8.—An area of Unicoi gravelly sandy loam, 10 to 35 percent slopes, very rocky. The Rock outcrop makes up about 2 to

10 percent of the map unit. The map unit is severely limited for most uses because of the Rock outcrop and the steepness

of slope.
McMinn County, Tennessee 137

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the shallow

rooting depth, the low available water capacity, and the

Rock outcrop.

• Aspect and the depth to bedrock should be carefully

considered when planting sites are selected for

seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by

applying a carefully regulated thinning and salvage

program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to

plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is very poor.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing

small areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are

the depth to bedrock, the stoniness, and the Rock

outcrop.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 7s

UoG—Unicoi-Rock outcrop complex,

50 to 120 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Steep side slopes

Size of areas: 10 to 370 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Composition

Unicoi soil and similar components: 70 to

90 percent

Rock outcrop and similar components: 10 to

30 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Harmiller and McCamy soils

Contrasting components:

• Scattered areas of Cataska soils

Typical Profile

Unicoi

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—brown, very friable gravelly sandy loam

Subsoil:

5 to 15 inches—brownish yellow, friable very gravelly

sandy loam

Bedrock:

15 to 20 inches—hard, fractured, arkosic

sandstone

Rock outcrop

The Rock outcrop occurs as areas of exposed

arkosic sandstone or metasandstone or in areas

where less than 2 or 3 inches of soil material overlies

the bedrock. Most outcrops protrude from a few inches

above the surface to nearly vertical bluffs in some

areas. The Rock outcrop supports little or no

vegetation.

Soil Properties and Qualities

Unicoi

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Very low

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

Depth to bedrock: 7 to 20 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low
138 Soil Survey

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas used for

cultivated crops are the hazard of erosion, the shallow

root zone, the depth to bedrock, the low available

water capacity, the Rock outcrop, and the steepness

of slope.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the low

available water capacity, the shallow root zone, the

depth to bedrock, the Rock outcrop, and the

steepness of slope.

Woodland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns in areas of the

Unicoi soil are the hazard of erosion, the equipment

limitation, seedling mortality, and the hazard of

windthrow.

• The hazard of erosion can be reduced by locating

roads and trails as closely on the contour as

possible.

• Permanent access roads can be protected by

spreading gravel on the road surface and by installing

water breaks and culverts.

• Temporary roads that are no longer used can be

closed and protected by seeding and by installing

water breaks.

• Logging methods that minimize disturbance of the

surface layer reduce the hazard of erosion.

• The steepness of slope generally is a limitation only

when large, specialized equipment is used.

• In areas where slopes are long and unbroken, logs

can be cabled or winched to adjacent areas that have

smoother slopes and seedlings can be planted by

hand.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the shallow

rooting depth, the low available water capacity, and the

gravelly surface layer

• Aspect and the depth to bedrock should be carefully

considered when planting sites are selected for

seedlings.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Windthrow is a hazard in some areas because of the

shallow root zone.

• The windthrow hazard can be reduced by applying a

carefully regulated thinning and salvage program.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for woodland and openland wildlife

habitat is very poor.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

Rock outcrop, the depth to bedrock, and the

steepness of slope.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Unicoi—7s; Rock

outcrop—8s

URC—Urban land, 2 to 12 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Uplands

Size of areas: 10 to several hundred acres

Major land use: Urban development

Composition

Urban land and similar components: 90 to

95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Udorthents

Contrasting components:

• Fullerton, Waynesboro, and Corryton soils
McMinn County, Tennessee 139

Typical Profile

The Urban land mostly consists of areas where the

surface is covered by roads, streets, parking lots,

commercial buildings, houses, and other types of

impervious ground cover. In places the natural

drainage pattern has been altered by a system of

ditches and storm drains. The underlying soil material

is not observable. A typical profile of Urban land is not

given.

Use and Management

Urban uses

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The hazard of erosion is a major management

concern during construction.

• A well designed erosion-control plan is needed.

• Timely revegetation of bare areas should be a

priority.

• Plant species that can tolerate a wide range of soil

conditions grow best.

• Providing a good seedbed, maintaining the proper

fertility level, and mulching seeded areas help to

establish a protective cover of vegetation.

• Intensive revegetation measures, such as

hydroseeding and sodding, may be needed in problem

areas.

• A layer of concrete, asphalt, coarse gravel, gabion

stone, or riprap helps to control erosion in areas where

vegetation cannot be established.

• Differential settling is a management concern in

areas of fill material.

• The load-bearing strength, the shrink-swell potential,

surface runoff, and storm drainage management are

additional concerns affecting urban development.

• Onsite investigation is needed to determine the

limitations affecting any proposed use.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: None assigned

UU—Urban land-Udorthents complex,

rarely flooded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Flood plains and drainageways

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Size of areas: 10 to 185 acres

Major land use: Urban development

Composition

Urban land and similar components: 45 to 65 percent

Udorthents and similar components: 35 to 55 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Hamblen, Steadman,

Bloomingdale, and Rockdell soils

Contrasting components:

• Soils that are on adjacent uplands and stream

terraces and are not subject to flooding

Typical Profile

Urban land

The Urban land mostly consists of areas where the

surface is covered by roads, streets, parking lots,

commercial buildings, houses, and other types of

impervious ground cover. In places the natural

drainage pattern has been altered by a system of

ditches and storm drains. The underlying soil material

is not observable. A typical profile of Urban land is not

given.

Udorthents

A typical profile is not given because Udorthents

vary greatly.

Soil Properties and Qualities

Udorthents

Drainage class: Poorly drained to well drained

Permeability: Moderate to very slow

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of 12 to more

than 60 inches

Flooding: Rare

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to neutral

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low to high

Use and Management

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• Land uses in areas of this map unit have already

being dictated.

• The flooding is a major management concern in

most areas.

• The load-bearing strength, the shrink-swell potential,

surface runoff, and storm drainage management are

additional concerns affecting urban development.
140 Soil Survey

• The guidelines and restrictions for building dwellings

and small commercial buildings on flood plains should

be followed.

• The soil material varies widely in areas of the

Udorthents.

• This map unit commonly is not suitable as a site for

onsite subsurface sewage disposal

• In most places access to a municipal sewage

disposal system will be needed.

• Providing a good seedbed, maintaining the proper

fertility level, and mulching seeded areas help to

establish ground cover.

• Differential settling is a management concern in

some areas of fill material used as sites for small

commercial buildings or for local roads and streets.

• Proper compaction of fill material minimizes

differential settling.

• Low strength is a limitation on sites for local roads

and streets.

• Adding gravel or other suitable subgrade material

helps to prevent the road damage caused by low

strength.

• Onsite investigation is needed to determine the

limitations affecting any proposed use.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: None assigned

W—Water

This map unit consists of areas inundated with

water for most of the year. It generally includes rivers,

lakes, and ponds. The Hiwassee River and the

tailwaters of Chickamauga Lake are the largest

areas of water. No interpretations are given for this

map unit.

WaB2—Waynesboro clay loam, 2 to

5 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Broad ridge crests and

terraces

Size of areas: 5 to 160 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or cropland

Composition

Waynesboro soil and similar components: 85 to

95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Decatur, Dewey, and Fullerton

soils on ridge crests and side slopes

• Scattered areas of Corryton and Etowah soils in

landscape positions similar to those of the

Waynesboro soil

• Waynesboro soils that have a surface layer of silt

loam or loam

Contrasting components:

• Narrow strips of Hamblen and Pettyjon soils along

drainageways and in depressions

• Isolated areas of Bradyville soils

• Small areas of Rock outcrop

• Intermingled areas of Coile and Townley soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—reddish brown, friable clay loam

Subsoil:

7 to 28 inches—yellowish red, friable clay

28 to 79 inches—red, friable clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately

acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• Terraces, grassed waterways, field borders, and filter

strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.
McMinn County, Tennessee 141

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect urban uses.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities and

building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2e

WaC2—Waynesboro clay loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Broad ridge crests and side

slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 150 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or cropland

Composition

Waynesboro soil and similar components: 85 to

95 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Decatur, Dewey, and Fullerton

soils on ridge crests and side slopes

• Etowah soils in landscape positions similar to those

of the Waynesboro soil

• Waynesboro soils that have a surface layer of loam

or silt loam

Contrasting components:

• Narrow strips of Hamblen and Pettyjon soils along

drainageways and in depressions

• Isolated areas of Bradyville soils

• Small areas of Rock outcrop

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—reddish brown, friable clay loam

Subsoil:

7 to 28 inches—yellowish red, friable clay

28 to 79 inches—red, friable clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low
142 Soil Survey

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.

• Erosion is a moderate hazard if a conventional

tillage system is used.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the moderate permeability,

the clayey subsoil, low strength, and the steepness of

slope.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities and

building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting most

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 3e

WbB2—Waynesboro silt loam, 2 to

5 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Broad ridge crests and terraces

Size of areas: 5 to 55 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or cropland

Composition

Waynesboro soil and similar components: 85 to

95 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Intermingled areas of Decatur, Dewey, and Fullerton

soils on ridge crests and terraces
McMinn County, Tennessee 143

• Etowah soils in landscape positions similar to those

of the Waynesboro soil

• Waynesboro soils that have a surface layer of loam

or clay loam

Contrasting components:

• Narrow strips of Hamblen and Pettyjon soils along

drainageways and in depressions

• Isolated areas of Rock outcrop intermingled with

soils that have limestone bedrock at a depth of 20 to

40 inches

• Scattered areas of Coile and Townley soils

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—reddish brown, very friable silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches—yellowish red, friable clay

14 to 60 inches—red, friable clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect cropland.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• Terraces, grassed waterways, field borders, and filter

strips help to control erosion and runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after

planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect urban uses.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities and

building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2e
144 Soil Survey

WbC2—Waynesboro silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Broad ridge crests, terraces, and

side slopes

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or cropland

Composition

Waynesboro soil and similar components: 85 to

90 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Decatur, Dewey, and Fullerton

soils on ridge crests, terraces, and side slopes

• Etowah soils in landscape positions similar to those

of the Waynesboro soil

• Waynesboro soils that have a surface layer of loam

or clay loam

Contrasting components:

• Narrow strips of Hamblen and Pettyjon soils along

drainageways and in depressions

• Isolated areas of Bradyville soils

• Small areas of Rock outcrop

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—reddish brown, very friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches—yellowish red, friable clay

14 to 60 inches—red, friable clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately

acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concern is the hazard of

erosion.

• Erosion is a moderate hazard if a conventional

tillage system is used.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management,

contour farming, and cover crops help to control

erosion, increase the rate of infiltration, and maintain

soil tilth.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.
McMinn County, Tennessee 145

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the moderate permeability,

the clayey subsoil, low strength, and the steepness of

slope.

• The moderate permeability and the clayey subsoil

are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities and

building site development.

• Low strength may be a problem on sites for local

roads and streets or when the soil is used as a source

of roadfill.

• The steepness of slope is a limitation affecting most

urban uses.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 3e

WNC—Waynesboro-Urban land complex,

2 to 12 percent slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Broad ridge crests, terraces, and

side slopes

Size of areas: 10 to 280 acres

Major land use: Urban areas—homesites, lawns,

industrial parks, schools, roads, parking lots, and

streets

Composition

Waynesboro soil and similar components: 45 to

55 percent

Urban land and similar components: 45 to

55 percent

Contrasting components: 5 to 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Scattered areas of Dewey and Decatur soils

• Etowah soils in landscape positions similar to those

of the Waynesboro soil

Contrasting components:

• Narrow strips of Hamblen and Pettyjon soils along

drainageways and in depressions

• Isolated areas of Bradyville soils intermingled with

areas of Rock outcrop

Typical Profile

Waynesboro

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—reddish brown, very friable silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches—yellowish red, friable clay

14 to 60 inches—red, friable clay

Urban land

The Urban land mostly consists of areas where the

surface is covered by roads, streets, parking lots,

commercial buildings, houses, and other types of

impervious ground cover. In places the natural

drainage pattern has been altered by a system of

ditches and storm drains. The underlying soil material

is not observable. A typical profile of Urban land is not

given.

Soil Properties and Qualities

Waynesboro

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: At a depth of more than

72 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Use and Management

Urban uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The hazard of erosion is a major management

concern during construction.

• A well designed erosion-control plan is needed.

• Erosion barriers, diversions, and rocklined or

vegetated waterways are important management

practices.

• Timely revegetation of bare areas should be a

priority.

• Plant species that can tolerate a wide range of soil

conditions grow best.
146 Soil Survey

• Providing a good seedbed, maintaining the proper

fertility level, and mulching seeded areas help to

establish a protective cover of vegetation.

• Intensive revegetation measures, such as

hydroseeding and sodding, may be needed in problem

areas.

• A layer of concrete, asphalt, coarse gravel, gabion

stone, or riprap helps to control erosion in areas where

vegetation cannot be established.

• Differential settling is a management concern in

areas of fill material.

• The load-bearing strength, the shrink-swell potential,

surface runoff, and storm drainage management are

additional concerns affecting urban development.

• The steepness of slope is a moderate limitation on

sites for dwellings and small commercial buildings, in

areas used for lawns, and when the soil is landscaped.

• Land shaping helps to overcome the slope.

• Designing buildings and structures so that they

conform to the natural slope of the land reduces the

need for land shaping.

• The steepness of slope and the moderate

permeability in the subsoil are moderate limitations on

sites for septic tank absorption fields.

• Designing septic tank systems so that they conform

to the existing slope and installing specially designed

systems help to overcome the slope and the restricted

permeability.

• Providing a good seedbed, maintaining the proper

fertility level, and mulching seeded areas help to

establish ground cover.

• Low strength and the slope are moderate limitations

on sites for local roads and streets.

• Adding gravel or other suitable subgrade material

helps to prevent the road damage caused by low

strength.

• Designing roads so that they follow the natural

contour and land shaping help to overcome the slope.

• Onsite investigation is needed to determine the

limitations affecting any proposed use.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: Waynesboro—3e; Urban

land—none assigned

WoB—Wolftever silt loam, 1 to 5 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Intermittent drainageways and

flood plains

Size of areas: 5 to 80 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or woodland

Composition

 Wolftever soil and similar components: 75 to

90 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 25 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Hamblen, Steadman, and Pettyjon soils along

drainageways and in landscape positions similar to

those of the Wolftever soil

• Soils that are either moderately acid, slightly acid, or

neutral

Contrasting components:

• Small areas of Bloomingdale soils in depressions

• Isolated areas of Apison, Corryton, and Townley

soils

• A few areas of Tasso soils

• Intermingled areas of somewhat poorly drained soils

that have less clay in the subsoil than the Wolftever

soil

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—brown, very friable silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 16 inches—strong brown, very friable silt loam

16 to 30 inches—brownish yellow, firm silty clay with

light gray mottles

30 to 60 inches—olive yellow, firm silty clay with light

greenish gray mottles

Substratum:

60 to 72 inches—pale yellow, firm silty clay with light

greenish gray mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: Between depths of 25 and

41 inches

Flooding: Occasional in the lower lying areas

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations are the wetness and the

flooding.
McMinn County, Tennessee 147

• The wetness delays planting and harvesting in some

years.

• Some crops may be damaged by the flooding in

winter and early spring.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management, and

cover crops help to control erosion, increase the rate

of infiltration, and maintain soil tilth.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Deferment of grazing when the soil is wet minimizes

compaction and damage to the stand and helps to

prevent excessive runoff.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the high water

table.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

flooding, the wetness, and the moderately slow

permeability.

• The flooding and the wetness are difficult to

overcome.

• A suitable alternative site should be selected.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 2w

WoC—Wolftever silt loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes

Setting

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Intermittent drainageways and

low stream terraces

Size of areas: 5 to 25 acres

Major land use: Pasture, hay, or woodland

Composition

Wolftever soil and similar components: 75 to

90 percent

Contrasting components: 10 to 25 percent

Minor Components

Similar components:

• Isolated areas of Apison, Corryton, and Townley

soils

• Soils that are either moderately acid, slightly acid, or

neutral

• Intermingled areas of somewhat poorly drained soils

that have less clay in the subsoil than the Wolftever

soil

Contrasting components:

• Small areas of Bloomingdale soils in depressions
148 Soil Survey

• A few areas of Tasso soils

• Hamblen, Steadman, and Pettyjon soils along

drainageways and in landscape positions similar to

those of the Wolftever soil

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—brown, very friable silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 16 inches—strong brown, very friable silt loam

16 to 30 inches—brownish yellow, firm silty clay with

light gray mottles

30 to 60 inches—olive yellow, firm silty clay with light

greenish gray mottles

Substratum:

60 to 72 inches—pale yellow, firm silty clay with light

greenish gray mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: High

Seasonal high water table: Between depths of 25 and

41 inches

Flooding: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The main management concerns are the hazard of

erosion and the wetness.

• The wetness delays planting and harvesting in some

years.

• Crop species that have a short growing season and

can tolerate the wetness should be selected for

planting.

• Conservation tillage, crop residue management, and

cover crops help to control erosion, increase the rate

of infiltration, and maintain soil tilth.

• A crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes

helps to control erosion.

• Terraces, diversions, grassed waterways, field

borders, and filter strips help to control erosion and

runoff.

Pasture and hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect the management of pasture

and hayland.

• Deferment of grazing when the soil is wet minimizes

compaction and damage to the stand and helps to

prevent excessive runoff.

• Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, deferred

grazing, and a well planned clipping and harvesting

schedule are important management practices.

• Maintaining the proper fertility level and an adequate

stand can help to increase production and reduce the

runoff rate.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect forest management.

• When establishing a new forest crop, the seedling

mortality rate may be high because of the seasonal

high water table.

• Reinforcement plantings can be made until the

desired stand is attained.

• Plant competition from undesirable species may be

a problem when establishing a new forest crop.

• Proper site preparation helps to control the plant

competition that may occur immediately after planting.

• Undesirable plants can be controlled by cultivating,

cutting, or applying herbicides.

• See table 7 for specific information concerning

potential productivity and suggested trees to plant.

Wildlife habitat

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The potential for openland and woodland wildlife

habitat is good.

• Habitat can be maintained or improved by providing

food, cover, nesting areas, and den sites.

• Field borders and filter strips provide good wildlife

habitat.

• Trees or shrubs in small areas and along fence rows

can break up large, open areas and provide food and

cover.

• Buffer zones along streams provide benefits to

wildlife as well as erosion control.

• Brushy thickets can be established by clearing small

areas in large tracts of mature woodland.

• Food plots or areas of green browse can be

established along logging roads and trails.

• The habitat in areas of native plants can be

improved by applying and incorporating lime and

fertilizer.

• Den trees should not be harvested.

• Brush piles or other nesting sites are needed.

Urban uses

Suitability: Poorly suited
McMinn County, Tennessee 149

Management considerations:

• The main limitations affecting urban uses are the

wetness and the moderately slow permeability in the

subsoil.

• Special measures are needed to help overcome

subsurface drainage problems.

• This soil is best suited to dwellings without

basements.

• The moderately slow permeability and the clayey

subsoil are limitations affecting some sanitary facilities

and building site development.

• Proper design, installation, and site preparation help

to overcome some of the limitations.

Interpretive Group

Land capability classification: 3e

151

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of

the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust

land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural

resources and the environment. Also, it can help to

prevent soil-related failures in land uses.

In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists,

conservationists, engineers, and others collect

extensive field data about the nature and behavioral

characteristics of the soils. They collect data on

erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that

affect various soil uses and management. Field

experience and collected data on soil properties and

performance are used as a basis in predicting soil

behavior.

Information in this section can be used to plan the

use and management of soils for crops and pasture;

as woodland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities,

highways and other transportation systems, and parks

and other recreational facilities; and for wildlife habitat.

It can be used to identify the limitations of each soil for

specific land uses and to help prevent construction

failures caused by unfavorable soil properties.

Planners and others using soil survey information

can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on

productivity and on the environment in all or part of the

survey area. The survey can help planners to maintain

or create a land use pattern in harmony with the

natural soil.

Contractors can use this survey to locate sources

of sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use

it to identify areas where bedrock, wetness, or very

firm soil layers can cause difficulty in excavation.

Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and

others may also find this survey useful. The survey

can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and

locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds,

playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.

Crops and Pasture

Gregory L. Brann, agronomist, Natural Resources Conservation

Service, helped prepare this section.

General management needed for crops and pasture

is suggested in this section. The estimated yields of

the main crops and pasture plants are listed for each

soil, the system of land capability classification used

by the Natural Resources Conservation Service is

explained, and prime farmland is described.

Planners of management systems for individual

fields or farms should consider the detailed

information given in the description of each soil under

the heading “Detailed Soil Map Units.” Specific

information can be obtained from the local office of the

Natural Resources Conservation Service or the

Cooperative Extension Service.

In 1995, more than 33,000 acres in McMinn County

was used as cropland or for hay (Tennessee

Department of Agriculture 1995). The field crops

suited to the soils and climate of McMinn County

include burley tobacco, soybeans, corn, and wheat.

The nearly level to sloping soils in the survey area

generally are well suited to row crops. Most of the row

crops are grown on uplands and old stream terraces

because the acreage of bottom land is limited. The

broad ridges and more nearly level areas are suited to

grain crops. Very deep, well drained soils, such as

Etowah, Waynesboro, Dewey, and Fullerton soils, are

suited to tobacco and alfalfa. The more sloping areas

of Bodine, Fullerton, Townley, and Coile soils are

commonly used for hay and pasture. In addition to the

land currently being cropped, some land that is idle,

wooded, or pastured has good potential for use as

cropland. Food production could be increased

considerably by applying the latest technology to all of

the cropland in the survey area. The information in this

soil survey can facilitate the application of such

technology.

Managing Cropland

The management systems needed on cropland are

those that help to protect or improve the soils, control

erosion, and minimize the water pollution caused by

nutrients, soil particles, and plant residue carried by

runoff. Water erosion is a major hazard on most of the

soils used for crops or pasture in the county. It is a

hazard on soils that have slopes of more than

2 percent. Examples of these soils include the Dewey,

Fullerton, Waynesboro, and Corryton soils. As the

Use and Management of the Soils
152 Soil Survey

slope increases, the hazard of erosion and the

difficulty in controlling erosion also increase.

Loss of the surface layer through erosion is

damaging for two reasons. First, productivity is

reduced as the surface layer is lost and part of the

subsoil is incorporated into the plow layer. Loss of the

surface layer is especially damaging on soils that have

a clayey subsoil, such as the Dewey, Waynesboro, and

Corryton soils, and on soils that have a layer below the

subsoil that limits the depth of the root zone, such as

the Townley, Bradyville, and Coile soils. Second,

erosion on farmland results in the sedimentation of

streams. Control of erosion minimizes this pollution

and improves the quality of water for municipal and

recreational uses and for fish and wildlife.

In many sloping areas of clayey soils, preparing a

good seedbed is difficult because the original friable

surface layer has been eroded. This degree of erosion

is common in areas of the Dewey, Waynesboro,

Etowah, and Fullerton soils. Erosion-control practices

help to provide a protective surface cover, control

runoff, and increase the rate of water infiltration. A

cropping system that keeps a plant cover on the

surface for extended periods generally can keep soil

losses to an amount that does not reduce the

productivity of the soil. In sloping areas on livestock

farms, which require pasture and hay, including forage

crops of grasses and legumes in the cropping system

helps to control erosion. The forage crops also add

nitrogen or organic matter, or both, to the soil and

improve the soil tilth.

Minimizing tillage and leaving crop residue on the

surface increase the rate of water infiltration and

reduce the hazards of runoff and erosion. These

practices can be effective on most of the soils in the

survey area (fig. 9). In the more sloping areas used for

corn or double-cropped soybeans, no-till farming helps

to control erosion. It is effective on most of the soils in

the survey area.

Terraces and diversions reduce the length of slopes

and thus help to control runoff and erosion. They are

most effective on deep or very deep, well drained soils

that have long, uniform slopes.

Contour farming and contour stripcropping also

help to control erosion in the county. They are best

suited to soils that have smooth, uniform slopes. Some

field stripcropping is done in areas that do not have

smooth, uniform slopes. Although this is not as

effective as contour stripcropping, it does help to

reduce the hazard of erosion and the rate of runoff.

Wetness is a management concern on some soils

in the county. Some areas of moderately well drained

soils, such as the Hamblen, Steadman, Bellamy, and

Wolftever soils, are used as cropland, but the wetness

of these soils delays planting or hinders harvest in

some years. Bloomingdale soils, which are poorly

drained, are rarely used for crop production.

Many soils on uplands and stream terraces are

very strongly acid to moderately acid unless they are

limed. Applications of ground limestone are needed to

raise the pH level sufficiently for the production of

some crops. The levels of available phosphorus and

potassium are naturally low in most of these soils.

Additions of lime and fertilizer should be based on the

results of soil tests, the needs of the crop, and a

realistic yield expectation. The Cooperative Extension

Service can help to determine the kind and amount of

fertilizer and lime needed and the proper method of

application.

Some of the soils in the county have a surface layer

that is light in color and low in organic matter. A

surface crust may form on these soils during periods

of heavy rainfall. The crust is hard when dry and

nearly impervious to water. It reduces the rate of water

infiltration and increases the runoff rate. Regular

additions of crop residue, manure, or other organic

material can improve soil structure and minimize

crusting. Most of the cropland in the county consists of

soils that are subject to erosion if they are plowed in

the fall.

Eroded, clayey soils, such as the Waynesboro and

Dewey soils in some areas, become cloddy if they are

plowed outside a narrow range in optimum moisture

content. Fall plowing on such soils generally results in

better tilth in the spring. If fields are plowed in the fall,

plow on the contour and maintain drainageways in

permanent vegetation. Leave plowed ground rough

over winter. The content and size of rock fragments

impairs the tilth of some soils. Bodine, Rockdell, and,

in some areas, Fullerton soils may contain enough

rock fragments that use of tillage implements is

impractical.

Managing Pasture and Hayland

In 1996, there were about 47,000 beef and dairy

cattle and calves in the county. Most of the hayland

and pasture in McMinn County is in a mixture of

grasses and legumes. Much of the hay is grown in

rotation with pasture. Most of the harvested hay is

rolled into round bales. Some of the higher quality hay

is square bailed or preserved as silage.

A successful livestock enterprise depends on a

forage program that provides large quantities of goodquality feed. Such a program can provide most of the

feed for beef and dairy cattle. Renovation, deferred

grazing, pasture rotation, proper fertility levels, and a

well planned clipping and harvesting schedule are

important management practices.
McMinn County, Tennessee 153

The nearly level and gently sloping, deep and very

deep, well drained soils should be planted to the

highest producing crops, such as corn silage, alfalfa,

or a mixture of alfalfa and orchardgrass. Sod-forming

grasses, such as tall fescue, minimize erosion in the

steeper areas. Legumes can be established through

renovation in areas that support sod-forming grasses.

Tall fescue is an important cool-season grass that is

suited to a wide range of soil conditions. It is grown for

both pasture and hay. The growth that occurs from

August through November is commonly permitted to

accumulate in the field and is “stockpiled” for grazing

late in fall and in winter. For maximum production,

nitrogen fertilizer should be applied during the

stockpiling period. The rate of application should be

based on the desired production level.

Warm-season grasses can be planted from April 1

to June 15. They should be planted between June 1

and June 15 if weeds are a potential problem. Warmseason forage plants help to alleviate the “summer

slump” of cool-season grasses. They grow well during

warm periods. Their greatest growth occurs from midJune to September, which is the period when the

growth of cool-season grasses is slow. Examples of

warm-season grasses are eastern gammagrass,

switchgrass, big bluestem, and Caucasian bluestem.

Renovation with legumes can increase forage

yields in areas that have a 50 percent or better stand

of grass. Renovation involves destroying part of the

sod, applying lime and fertilizer, and seeding desirable

forage species into the remaining sod. Adding

legumes to grass stands provides higher quality feed.

The legumes increase summer production and take

nitrogen from the air. Alfalfa can fix an estimated

200 to 300 pounds of nitrogen per acre per year;

red clover, 100 to 200 pounds; ladino clover, 100

to 150 pounds; and Korean lespedeza, 75 to

100 pounds.

Additional information about managing pasture and

hayland can be obtained from the local office of the

Figure 9.—Crop residue in an area of Dewey silty clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded. Crop residue management helps to

control erosion, increase the rate of water infiltration and the available water capacity, and maintain soil tilth.
154 Soil Survey

Natural Resources Conservation Service or the

Cooperative Extension Service.

Yields per Acre

The average yields per acre that can be expected

of the principal crops under a high level of

management are shown in tables 5a and 5b. In any

given year, yields may be higher or lower than those

indicated in the table because of variations in rainfall

and other climatic factors. The land capability

classification of each map unit also is shown in the

tables.

The yields are based mainly on the experience and

records of farmers, conservationists, and extension

agents. Available yield data from nearby counties and

results of field trials and demonstrations are also

considered.

The management needed to obtain the indicated

yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil

and the crop. Management can include drainage,

erosion control, and protection from flooding; the

proper planting and seeding rates; suitable highyielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage;

control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects;

favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each

crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure,

and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures

the smallest possible loss.

The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity

of each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are

likely to increase as new production technology is

developed. The productivity of a given soil compared

with that of other soils, however, is not likely to

change.

Crops other than those shown in tables 5a and 5b

are grown in the survey area, but estimated yields are

not listed because the acreage of such crops is small.

The local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or of the Cooperative Extension

Service can provide information about the

management and productivity of the soils for those

crops.

Land Capability Classification

Land capability classification shows, in a general

way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops.

Crops that require special management are excluded.

The soils are grouped according to their limitations for

field crops, the risk of damage if they are used for

crops, and the way they respond to management. The

criteria used in grouping the soils do not include major

and generally expensive landforming that would

change slope, depth, or other characteristics of the

soils, nor do they include possible but unlikely major

reclamation projects. Capability classification is not a

substitute for interpretations designed to show

suitability and limitations of groups of soils for

woodland and for engineering purposes.

In the capability system, soils are generally grouped

at three levels—capability class, subclass, and unit.

Only class and subclass are used in this survey.

Capability classes, the broadest groups, are

designated by numerals 1 through 8. The numerals

indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower

choices for practical use. The classes are defined as

follows:

Class 1 soils have few limitations that restrict their

use.

Class 2 soils have moderate limitations that reduce

the choice of plants or that require moderate

conservation practices.

Class 3 soils have severe limitations that reduce the

choice of plants or that require special conservation

practices, or both.

Class 4 soils have very severe limitations that

reduce the choice of plants or that require very careful

management, or both.

Class 5 soils are not likely to erode but have other

limitations, impractical to remove, that limit their use.

Class 6 soils have severe limitations that make

them generally unsuitable for cultivation.

Class 7 soils have very severe limitations that make

them unsuitable for cultivation.

Class 8 soils and miscellaneous areas have

limitations that nearly preclude their use for

commercial crop production.

Capability subclasses are soil groups within one

class. They are designated by adding a small letter, e,

w, s, or c, to the class numeral, for example, 2e. The

letter e shows that the main hazard is the risk of

erosion unless close-growing plant cover is

maintained; w shows that water in or on the soil

interferes with plant growth or cultivation (in some soils

the wetness can be partly corrected by artificial

drainage); s shows that the soil is limited mainly

because it is shallow, droughty, or stony; and c, used

in only some parts of the United States, shows that the

chief limitation is climate that is very cold or very dry

(USDA 1961).

In class 1 there are no subclasses because the

soils of this class have few limitations. Class 5

contains only the subclasses indicated by w, s, or c

because the soils in class 5 are subject to little or no

erosion. They have other limitations that restrict their

use to pasture, woodland, wildlife habitat, or

recreation.
McMinn County, Tennessee 155

The capability classification of the map units in this

survey area is given in the section “Detailed Soil Map

Units” and in the yields tables.

Prime Farmland

Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important

farmland defined by the U.S. Department of

Agriculture. It is of major importance in meeting the

Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and

fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is

limited, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes

that responsible levels of government, as well as

individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise

use of our Nation’s prime farmland.

Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S. Department

of Agriculture, is land that has the best combination of

physical and chemical characteristics for producing

food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is

available for these uses. It could be cultivated land,

pastureland, forestland, or other land, but it is not

urban or built-up land or water areas. The soil qualities,

growing season, and moisture supply are those

needed for the soil to economically produce sustained

high yields of crops when proper management,

including water management, and acceptable farming

methods are applied. In general, prime farmland has

an adequate and dependable supply of moisture from

precipitation or irrigation, a favorable temperature and

growing season, acceptable acidity or alkalinity, an

acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no

rocks. It is permeable to water and air. It is not

excessively erodible or saturated with water for long

periods, and it either is not frequently flooded during

the growing season or is protected from flooding.

Slope ranges mainly from 0 to 6 percent. More

detailed information about the criteria for prime

farmland is available at the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service.

About 45,500 acres in the survey area, or nearly

17 percent of the total acreage, meets the soil

requirements for prime farmland (fig. 10). Scattered

areas of this land are throughout the county, but most

are in general soil map units 1, 3, and 4, which are

described under the heading “General Soil Map Units.”

Common crops grown on this land are corn, wheat,

and small grain for grain and silage; soybeans; alfalfa

for hay; and other grasses and legumes for hay and

pasture.

A recent trend in land use in some parts of the

survey area has been the loss of some prime farmland

to industrial and urban uses. The loss of prime

farmland to other uses puts pressure on marginal

lands, which generally are more erodible, droughty,

and less productive and cannot be easily cultivated.

The map units in the survey area that are

considered prime farmland are listed in table 6. This

list does not constitute a recommendation for a

particular land use. On some soils included in the list,

measures that overcome a hazard or limitation, such

as flooding, wetness, and droughtiness, are needed.

Onsite evaluation is needed to determine whether or

not the hazard or limitation has been overcome by

corrective measures. The extent of each listed map

unit is shown in table 4. The location is shown on the

detailed soil maps. The soil qualities that affect use

and management are described under the heading

“Detailed Soil Map Units.”

Woodland Management and Productivity

Originally, all of McMinn County was forested.

As the county was settled, much of the forestland

was cleared for agricultural purposes. About

136,500 acres, or nearly half of the county, was

forested in 1989. Of this total, about 2,200 acres was

in the Cherokee National Forest, about 84,000 acres

was owned by individuals, about 22,400 acres was

part of farms, and about 28,000 acres was owned or

leased by the forest industry (Tennessee Department

of Agriculture 1995).

Soils of the county can produce good or excellent

stands of commercial hardwood and pulpwood

species. In most areas additional management is

needed to achieve the best potential production. On

better sites, plant competition from undesirable

species is a major concern when establishing a new

forest crop. Thinning out mature trees and undesirable

species will improve production on most established

sites. Species conversion and increased stocking are

also needed in some native areas to improve

production. Protection from grazing, fire, and disease

and insect control also can improve the stands.

The largest areas of forestland are in general soil

map units 2, 5, and 6, which are described in the

section “General Soil Map Units.” The common

commercial species in the county are loblolly pine,

shortleaf pine, and Virginia pine. Upland oaks, red

maple, hickory, and yellow poplar are dominant in

native forest areas.

Soils vary in their ability to produce trees. Available

water capacity and depth of the root zone have major

effects on tree growth. In addition to soils, elevation,

aspect, and climate determine the kinds of trees that

can be grown on a site.

The Natural Resources Conservation Service, the

Tennessee Division of Forestry, or the Cooperative

Extension Service can help to determine specific

forestland management needs.
156 Soil Survey

Table 7 can be used by woodland owners or forest

managers in planning the use of soils for wood crops.

Only those soils suitable for wood crops are listed. The

table lists the ordination symbol for each soil. Soils

assigned the same ordination symbol require the

same general management and have about the same

potential productivity.

In the table, slight, moderate, and severe indicate

the degree of the major soil limitations to be

considered in management (USDA 1980).

Erosion hazard is the probability that damage will

occur as a result of site preparation and cutting where

the soil is exposed along roads, skid trails, and fire

lanes and in log-handling areas. Forests that have

been burned or overgrazed are also subject to erosion.

Ratings of the erosion hazard are based on the

percent of the slope. A rating of slight indicates that no

particular prevention measures are needed under

ordinary conditions. A rating of moderate indicates that

erosion-control measures are needed in certain

silvicultural activities. A rating of severe indicates that

special precautions are needed to control erosion in

most silvicultural activities.

Equipment limitation reflects the characteristics and

conditions of the soil that restrict use of the equipment

generally needed in woodland management or

harvesting. The chief characteristics and conditions

considered in the ratings are slope, stones on the

surface, rock outcrops, soil wetness, and texture of the

surface layer. A rating of slight indicates that under

Figure 10.—An area of Hamblen silt loam, occasionally flooded. This soil is considered to be prime farmland. It has few limitations

affecting hayland, pastureland, and cropland.
McMinn County, Tennessee 157

normal conditions the kind of equipment and season

of use are not significantly restricted by soil factors.

Soil wetness can restrict equipment use, but the wet

period does not exceed 1 month. A rating of moderate

indicates that equipment use is moderately restricted

because of one or more soil factors. If the soil is wet,

the wetness restricts equipment use for a period of 1

to 3 months. A rating of severe indicates that

equipment use is severely restricted either as to the

kind of equipment that can be used or the season of

use. If the soil is wet, the wetness restricts equipment

use for more than 3 months.

Seedling mortality refers to the death of naturally

occurring or planted tree seedlings, as influenced by

the kinds of soil, soil wetness, or topographic

conditions. The factors used in rating the soils for

seedling mortality are texture of the surface layer,

depth to a seasonal high water table and the length of

the period when the water table is high, rock

fragments in the surface layer, effective rooting depth,

and slope aspect. A rating of slight indicates that

seedling mortality is not likely to be a problem under

normal conditions. Expected mortality is less than 25

percent. A rating of moderate indicates that some

problems from seedling mortality can be expected.

Extra precautions are advisable. Expected mortality is

25 to 50 percent. A rating of severe indicates that

seedling mortality is a serious problem. Extra

precautions are important. Replanting may be

necessary. Expected mortality is more than 50

percent.

Windthrow hazard is the likelihood that trees will be

uprooted by the wind because the soil is not deep

enough for adequate root anchorage. The main

restrictions that affect rooting are a seasonal high

water table and the depth to bedrock, a fragipan, or

other limiting layers. A rating of slight indicates that

under normal conditions no trees are blown down by

the wind. Strong winds may damage trees, but they do

not uproot them. A rating of moderate indicates that

some trees can be blown down during periods when

the soil is wet and winds are moderate or strong. A

rating of severe indicates that many trees can be

blown down during these periods.

Plant competition ratings indicate the degree to

which undesirable species are expected to invade and

grow when openings are made in the tree canopy. The

main factors that affect plant competition are depth to

the water table and the available water capacity. A

rating of slight indicates that competition from

undesirable plants is not likely to prevent natural

regeneration or suppress the more desirable species.

Planted seedlings can become established without

undue competition. A rating of moderate indicates that

competition may delay the establishment of desirable

species. Competition may hamper stand development,

but it will not prevent the eventual development of fully

stocked stands. A rating of severe indicates that

competition can be expected to prevent regeneration

unless precautionary measures are applied (fig. 11).

The potential productivity of merchantable or

common trees on a soil is expressed as a site index.

The site index is the average height, in feet, that

dominant and codominant trees of a given species

attain in a specified number of years. The site index

applies to fully stocked, even-aged, unmanaged

stands. Commonly grown trees are those that

woodland managers generally favor in intermediate or

improvement cuttings. They are selected on the basis

of growth rate, quality, value, and marketability.

Trees to plant are those that are suitable for

commercial wood production.

Recreation

McMinn County has many outdoor recreational

facilities. The largest area of public land is about

2,200 acres of the Cherokee National Forest, in the

eastern part of the county. Sports fields and picnic

areas are incorporated into seven parks in the area.

The Athens Regional Park has facilities for outdoor

exhibitions in addition to sports fields and picnic areas.

Three golf courses and four public swimming pools are

available. The Hiwassee River, in the southern part of

the county, is part of the tailwaters of Chickamauga

Lake. The opportunity for a variety of water sports is

available. One commercial hunting preserve is located

in the eastern part of the county. Shooting ranges and

facilities are also available.

The area has high potential for most types of

recreational development. Attention should be given to

such soil characteristics as depth, permeability,

texture, slope, and drainage when recreational

enterprises are developed.

The soils of the survey area are rated in table 8

according to limitations that affect their suitability for

recreation. The ratings are based on restrictive soil

features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of the

surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is considered.

Not considered in the ratings, but important in

evaluating a site, are the location and accessibility of

the area, the size and shape of the area and its scenic

quality, vegetation, access to water, potential water

impoundment sites, and access to public sewer lines.

The capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank effluent

and the ability of the soil to support vegetation are also

important. Soils subject to flooding are limited for

recreational uses by the duration and intensity of
158 Soil Survey

Figure 11.—A pine seedling in an area of Alcoa soils. Plant competition is a severe limitation in this area. Even though the soils are

well suited or suited to woodland, plant competition is a management concern.
McMinn County, Tennessee 159

flooding and the season when flooding occurs. In

planning recreational facilities, onsite assessment of

the height, duration, intensity, and frequency of

flooding is essential.

In the table, the degree of soil limitation is

expressed as slight, moderate, or severe. Slight

means that soil properties are generally favorable and

that limitations are minor and easily overcome.

Moderate means that limitations can be overcome or

alleviated by planning, design, or special maintenance.

Severe means that soil properties are unfavorable and

that limitations can be offset only by costly soil

reclamation, special design, intensive maintenance,

limited use, or a combination of these measures.

The information in the table can be supplemented

by other information in this survey, for example,

interpretations for septic tank absorption fields in

table 11 and interpretations for dwellings without

basements and for local roads and streets in table 10.

Camp areas require site preparation, such as

shaping and leveling the tent and parking areas,

stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and

installing sanitary facilities and utility lines. Camp

areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and some

vehicular traffic. The best soils have mild slopes and

are not wet or subject to flooding during the period of

use. The surface has few or no stones or boulders,

absorbs rainfall readily but remains firm, and is not

dusty when dry. Strong slopes and stones or boulders

can greatly increase the cost of constructing

campsites.

Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most

vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and

parking areas. The best soils for picnic areas are firm

when wet, are not dusty when dry, are not subject to

flooding during the period of use, and do not have

slopes or stones or boulders that increase the cost of

shaping sites or of building access roads and parking

areas.

Playgrounds require soils that can withstand

intensive foot traffic. The best soils are almost level

and are not wet or subject to flooding during the

season of use. The surface is free of stones and

boulders, is firm after rains, and is not dusty when dry.

If grading is needed, the depth of the soil over bedrock

or a hardpan should be considered.

Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding

should require little or no cutting and filling. The best

soils are not wet, are firm after rains, are not dusty

when dry, and are not subject to flooding more than

once a year during the period of use. They have

moderate slopes and few or no stones or boulders on

the surface.

Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and

some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be

required. The best soils for use as golf fairways are

firm when wet, are not dusty when dry, and are not

subject to prolonged flooding during the period of use.

They have moderate slopes and no stones or boulders

on the surface. The suitability of the soil for tees or

greens is not considered in rating the soils.

Wildlife Habitat

Michael E. Zeman, biologist, Natural Resources Conservation

Service, helped prepare this section.

Wildlife is an important natural resource of the

county, providing a source of revenues through sport

hunting and recreational opportunities, such as

photography and fishing. Popular game species

include bobwhite quail, cottontail rabbit, whitetail deer,

mourning dove, and gray and fox squirrels.

The whitetail deer is the most popular game animal

in the county. Deer populations are moderate and have

grown considerably over the past 20 years. Harvest

records from the Tennessee Wildlife Resources

Agency (TWRA) indicate that essentially no deer were

harvested in 1976 but nearly 900 deer were harvested

in 1996. The eastern wild turkey was eliminated from

the county by the 1950’s but has since been reintroduced. Turkey populations remain low, but

huntable populations now occur in parts of the county

due to the TWRA restoration program and

management of the habitat. The number of bobwhite

quail in the county is low. The highest populations of

bobwhite quail are in areas where cropland is adjacent

to brushy fence rows or idle areas of native warmseason grasses, which provide cover. The cottontail

rabbit population is low or moderate in the county.

Good numbers occur across the county in areas

where agricultural lands intermixed with low brushy

cover provide the best habitat. The population of

mourning dove is typically low in the county. Fall

migrants of this game bird typically utilize crop fields,

such as corn, grain sorghum, and soybeans, or fields

recently planted to wheat.

There are three species of squirrels in the county

and all occur in good numbers. Both the gray and the

primarily nocturnal southern flying squirrels occur in

good to excellent numbers throughout the hardwood

forests. The fox squirrel typically occurs in lower

numbers and is generally along woodland edges and

woody fence rows near agricultural lands used for crop

production. Squirrel populations vary greatly

depending on the production of hard mast, such as

acorns, hickory nuts, and beech nuts, from year to

year. The Cherokee National Forest is one of the
160 Soil Survey

largest areas that provides suitable habitat for the

black bear in the State. As a result, some, although

mostly transient, black bears are seen in the county.

Waterfowl numbers are low in the county. The most

common species migrating through the county include

the wood duck, mallard, gadwall, and Canada goose.

The highest numbers typically occur along the

Chickamauga Reservoir, or the Hiwassee River, in the

southern part of the county or along the main

watercourses that have associated wetland habitat.

Upland farm ponds and small lakes are often used for

resting and roosting. Several species of furbearers

occur in the county. Wetland furbearers include mink,

muskrat, and beaver. They can be found in moderate

to high numbers along streams, small lakes, and farm

ponds. Upland furbearers are common and abundant

throughout the county. They include bobcat, opossum,

raccoon, gray fox, striped skunk, and coyote.

Many nongame species occur in abundance

throughout the county. Different species of songbirds,

both resident and migratory, are associated with

different plant communities. Woodland birds include

the Carolina chickadee, tufted titmouse, pileated

woodpecker, and warblers. Openland birds include

robins, meadowlarks, and various sparrows. Common

birds of prey include the red-tailed hawk, sparrow

hawk, barred owl, and screech owl. Common reptiles

and amphibians include the eastern box turtle,

hognose snake, copperhead snake, bullfrog, and

dusky salamander. Common small mammals include

hispid cotton rats, moles, shrews, and other rodents.

The relative abundance of nongame species is

dependent upon the type and quality of habitat

available to the species.

State and Federally listed threatened or

endangered wildlife species that may occur in the

county include the snail darter and white fringeless

orchid. Species that may migrate through the county

include the bald eagle, peregrine falcon, osprey,

sharp-shinned hawk, and Cooper’s hawk.

Some of the soils in the county, such as the

Neubert, Wolftever, Tasso, Dewey, Etowah, and, in the

flatter areas, Fullerton soils, have only slight or

moderate limitations affecting the impoundment of

water. Other soils, such as the Toccoa, Rockdell,

Coile, and Bodine soils, may have severe limitations

as sites for ponds because of the excessive slopes or

the susceptibility to seepage. Most of the ponds in the

county are used for livestock water, but many are also

stocked with fish and can be used for recreational

fishing. Common fish species that are stocked include

largemouth bass, bluegill sunfish, and channel catfish.

The water in ponds is typically acidic because of the

pH of the soil, and as a result, the production of fish

may be limited. Few privately owned ponds are being

intensively managed for the production of fish.

McMinn County has a total of about 395 miles of

warmwater streams, in addition to part of

Chickamauga Lake, which is in the southwestern

portion of the county. Major streams of the county and

tributaries to the Tennessee River include Roger’s,

North Mouse, Oostanaula, and Chestuee Creeks.

These and other streams provide about 400 acres of

aquatic habitat and support populations of largemouth

bass, smallmouth bass, rock bass, bluegill, green

sunfish, channel catfish, and several species of

minnows and darters. Most of the streams are

moderately productive with fair populations of

warmwater fish. In the past there has been at least

one commercial aquaculture operation in the county.

Fish species raised included channel catfish and

minnows. Overall, the topography renders much of the

county unsuitable for extensive commercial pond

construction. The most common aquifer that may

provide adequate supplies of good-quality water is the

East Tennessee Aquifer. This aquifer generally

provides drinking water supplies within a depth of

300 feet, but the depth to large quantities of suitable

water that may be needed for aquaculture production

remains unclear. There are some outcrop springs

associated with this aquifer, including one in the town

of Athens.

Excluding artificial wetlands, such as upland farm

ponds, there are several acres of natural wetlands in

the county. In the 1980’s, the State of Tennessee

estimated that there were about 2,000 acres of

wetlands in McMinn County. Most of the natural

wetlands are along stream courses with native plant

communities consisting of bottom-land hardwoods.

These bottom-land hardwood wetlands provide some

of the most productive wildlife habitat in the county.

The bottom-land hardwoods improve water quality of

streams by removing nutrients and trapping sediment

from upland runoff, lowering water temperatures by

shading streams, and providing leaf litter that serves

as the foundation for aquatic food chains.

Conservation practices improve or provide quality

wildlife habitat. On cropland, planned crop rotations

and crop residue management provide food and winter

cover for many species of wildlife. On grasslands,

deferred grazing of livestock and fencing help to

protect food plots and nesting cover and to protect fish

habitat by providing streambank protection. Field

borders and filter strips along streams help to protect

water quality and provide food, cover, and travel lanes

for many species of wildlife. Native, tall, warm-season

grasses provide the best benefits for these types of

areas. Selective thinning of woodlands should be
McMinn County, Tennessee 161

carried out in a manner that protects den trees and the

best mast-producing trees. Other practices that can

improve wildlife habitat include wildlife upland habitat

management, wildlife wetland habitat management,

fishpond management, pasture and hayland

management, livestock exclusion, and woodland

improvement. Conversely, some practices are harmful

to wildlife. Those most often include indiscriminate

burning, indiscriminate use of pesticides, heavy

grazing, complete clean mowing in the growing

(nesting) season, clean fall plowing, extensive

clearcutting of timber, draining and clearing of

wetlands, and removal of den and all mast-producing

trees.

Technical assistance in the planning or application

of wildlife conservation practices can be obtained from

the Natural Resources Conservation Service; the

University of Tennessee, Agricultural Extension

Service; the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency;

and the Tennessee Division of Forestry.

Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that

is available to wildlife as food and cover. They also

affect the construction of water impoundments. The

kind and abundance of wildlife depend largely on the

amount and distribution of food, cover, and water.

Wildlife habitat can be created or improved by planting

appropriate vegetation, by maintaining the existing

plant cover, or by promoting the natural establishment

of desirable plants.

In table 9, the soils in the survey area are rated

according to their potential for providing habitat for

various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used

in planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas,

and other developments for wildlife; in selecting soils

that are suitable for establishing, improving, or

maintaining specific elements of wildlife habitat; and in

determining the intensity of management needed for

each element of the habitat.

The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or

very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element

or kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or

maintained. Few or no limitations affect management,

and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of

fair indicates that the element or kind of habitat can be

established, improved, or maintained in most places.

Moderately intensive management is required for

satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that

limitations are severe for the designated element or

kind of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or

maintained in most places, but management is difficult

and must be intensive. A rating of very poor indicates

that restrictions for the element or kind of habitat are

very severe and that unsatisfactory results can be

expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining habitat

is impractical or impossible.

The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the

following paragraphs.

Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and

seed-producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties

and features that affect the growth of grain and seed

crops are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface

layer, available water capacity, wetness, slope, surface

stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and soil

moisture are also considerations. Examples of grain

and seed crops are corn, wheat, oats, and barley.

Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial

grasses and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties and

features that affect the growth of grasses and legumes

are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer,

available water capacity, wetness, surface stoniness,

flooding, and slope. Soil temperature and soil moisture

are also considerations. Examples of grasses and

legumes are fescue, orchardgrass, switchgrass,

annual lespedeza, clover, and alfalfa.

Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally

established grasses and forbs, including weeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of these

plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the

surface layer, available water capacity, wetness,

surface stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and

soil moisture are also considerations. Examples of wild

herbaceous plants are common ragweed, goldenrod,

beggarweed, partridge pea, common pokeweed, and

broom sedge.

Hardwood trees and woody understory produce

nuts or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and

foliage. Soil properties and features that affect the

growth of hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the

root zone, available water capacity, and wetness.

Examples of these plants are oak, poplar, cherry,

sweetgum, apple, hawthorn, dogwood, hickory,

blackberry, and blueberry. Examples of fruit-producing

shrubs that are suitable for planting on soils rated

good are Russian-olive, southern bush honeysuckle,

autumn-olive, and crabapple.

Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of

coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth

of the root zone, available water capacity, and

wetness. Examples of coniferous plants are pine,

spruce, fir, and cedar.

Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild

herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites.

Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded.

Soil properties and features affecting wetland plants

are texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction,
162 Soil Survey

salinity, slope, and surface stoniness. Examples of

wetland plants are smartweed, wild millet, rushes,

sedges, and cattails.

Shallow water areas have an average depth of less

than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others are

created by dams, levees, or other water-control

structures. Soil properties and features affecting

shallow water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness,

surface stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples

of shallow water areas are marshes, waterfowl feeding

areas, and ponds.

The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described

in the following paragraphs.

Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland,

pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with

grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas

produce grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes,

and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to these

areas include bobwhite quail, meadowlark, field

sparrow, cottontail, and red fox.

Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of

deciduous plants or coniferous plants or both and

associated grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous

plants. Wildlife attracted to these areas include wild

turkey, ruffed grouse, woodcock, thrushes,

woodpeckers, squirrels, gray fox, raccoon, deer,

wild boar, black bear, and a variety of nongame birds.

Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy

or swampy shallow water areas. Some of the wildlife

attracted to such areas are ducks, geese, herons,

shore birds, muskrat, mink, and beaver.

Hydric Soils

In this section, hydric soils are defined and

described and the hydric soils in the survey area are

listed.

The three essential characteristics of wetlands are

hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland

hydrology (Cowardin and others 1979; U.S. Army

Corps of Engineers 1987; National Research Council

1995; Tiner 1985). Criteria for each of the

characteristics must be met for areas to be identified

as wetlands. Undrained hydric soils that have natural

vegetation should support a dominant population of

ecological wetland plant species. Hydric soils that

have been converted to other uses should be capable

of being restored to wetlands.

Hydric soils are defined by the National Technical

Committee for Hydric Soils (NTCHS) as soils that

formed under conditions of saturation, flooding,

or ponding long enough during the growing season

to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part

(Federal Register 1994). These soils are either

saturated or inundated long enough during the

growing season to support the growth and

reproduction of hydrophytic vegetation.

The NTCHS definition identifies general soil

properties that are associated with wetness. In order

to determine whether a specific soil is a hydric soil or

nonhydric soil, however, more specific information,

such as information about the depth and duration of

the water table, is needed. Thus, criteria that identify

those estimated soil properties unique to hydric soils

have been established (Federal Register 1995). These

criteria are used to identify a phase of a soil series

that normally is associated with wetlands. The criteria

used are selected estimated soil properties that are

described in “Keys to Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey

Staff 1998) and in the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil

Survey Division Staff 1993).

If soils are wet enough for a long enough period to

be considered hydric, they should exhibit certain

properties that can be easily observed in the field.

These visible properties are indicators of hydric soils.

The indicators used to make onsite determinations of

hydric soils in this survey area are specified in “Field

Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States” (Hurt

and others 1996).

Hydric soils are identified by examining and

describing the soil to a depth of about 20 inches. This

depth may be greater if determination of an

appropriate indicator so requires. It is always

recommended that soils be excavated and described

to the depth necessary for an understanding of the

redoximorphic processes. Then, using the completed

soil descriptions, soil scientists can compare the soil

features required by each indicator and specify which

indicators have been matched with the conditions

observed in the soil. The soil can be identified as a

hydric soil if at least one of the approved indicators is

present.

The following map units meet the definition of

hydric soils and, in addition, have at least one of the

hydric soil indicators. This list can help in planning

land uses; however, onsite investigation is

recommended to determine the hydric soils on a

specific site (National Research Council 1995; Hurt

and others 1996).

At Atkins-Arkaqua complex, frequently flooded

(Atkins part)

Bm Bloomingdale silty clay loam, occasionally

flooded

Map units that are made up of hydric soils may

have small areas, or inclusions, of nonhydric soils in
McMinn County, Tennessee 163

the higher positions on the landform, and

map units made up of nonhydric soils may have

inclusions of hydric soils in the lower positions

on the landform.

The following map units, in general, do not meet the

definition of hydric soils because they do not have one

of the hydric soil indicators. A portion of these map

units, however, may include hydric soils. Onsite

investigation is recommended to determine whether

hydric soils occur and the location of the included

hydric soils.

Ea Emory silt loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

Eo Etowah loam, occasionally flooded, overwash

Ha Hamblen silt loam, occasionally flooded

Ne Neubert loam, frequently flooded

St Steadman silty clay loam, frequently flooded

WoB Wolftever silt loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

Engineering

This section provides information for planning land

uses related to urban development and to water

management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the

most limiting features are identified. Ratings are given

for building site development, sanitary facilities,

construction materials, and water management. The

ratings are based on observed performance of the

soils and on the estimated data and test data in the

“Soil Properties” section.

Information in this section is intended for land use

planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for

planning site investigations prior to design and

construction. The information, however, has limitations.

For example, estimates and other data generally apply

only to that part of the soil within a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Because of the map scale, small areas of different

soils may be included within the mapped areas of a

specific soil.

The information is not site specific and does not

eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the

soils or for testing and analysis by personnel

experienced in the design and construction of

engineering works.

Government ordinances and regulations that

restrict certain land uses or impose specific design

criteria were not considered in preparing the

information in this section. Local ordinances and

regulations should be considered in planning, in site

selection, and in design.

Soil properties, site features, and observed

performance were considered in determining the

ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this

soil survey, determinations were made about grainsize distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil

reaction, depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock within

5 or 6 feet of the surface, soil wetness, depth to a

seasonal high water table, slope, likelihood of flooding,

natural soil structure aggregation, and soil density.

Data were collected about kinds of clay minerals,

mineralogy of the sand and silt fractions, and the

kinds of adsorbed cations. Estimates were made

for erodibility, permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell

potential, available water capacity, and other

behavioral characteristics affecting engineering

uses.

This information can be used to evaluate the

potential of areas for residential, commercial,

industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary

estimates of construction conditions; evaluate

alternative routes for roads, streets, highways,

pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate

alternative sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank

absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; plan detailed

onsite investigations of soils and geology; locate

potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and topsoil;

plan drainage systems, irrigation systems, ponds,

terraces, and other structures for soil and water

conservation; and predict performance of proposed

small structures and pavements by comparing the

performance of existing similar structures on the same

or similar soils.

The information in the tables, along with the soil

maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided in

this survey, can be used to make additional

interpretations.

Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a

special meaning in soil science and are defined in the

Glossary.

Building Site Development

Table 10 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect shallow excavations, dwellings

with and without basements, small commercial

buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and

landscaping. The limitations are considered slight if

soil properties and site features are generally

favorable for the indicated use and limitations are

minor and easily overcome; moderate if soil properties

or site features are not favorable for the indicated use

and special planning, design, or maintenance is

needed to overcome or minimize the limitations; and

severe if soil properties or site features are so

unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that special

design, significant increases in construction costs, and

possibly increased maintenance are required. Special
164 Soil Survey

feasibility studies may be required where the soil

limitations are severe.

Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a

maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves,

utility lines, open ditches, and other purposes. The

ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and

observed performance of the soils. The ease of

digging, filling, and compacting is affected by the depth

to bedrock or a very firm dense layer, stone content,

soil texture, and slope. The time of the year that

excavations can be made is affected by the depth to a

seasonal high water table and the susceptibility of the

soil to flooding. The resistance of the excavation walls

or banks to sloughing or caving is affected by soil

texture and depth to the water table.

Dwellings and small commercial buildings are

structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed

soil. The load limit is the same as that for single-family

dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are

made for small commercial buildings without

basements, for dwellings with basements, and for

dwellings without basements. The ratings are based

on soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. A high water table, flooding,

and shrinking and swelling can cause the movement

of footings. A high water table, depth to bedrock, large

stones, slope, and flooding affect the ease of

excavation and construction. Landscaping and grading

that require cuts and fills of more than 5 or 6 feet are

not considered.

Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface

and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year.

They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base

of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material; and

a flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills are generally

limited to less than 6 feet. The ratings are based on

soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. Depth to bedrock, a high

water table, flooding, large stones, and slope affect the

ease of excavating and grading. Soil strength (as

inferred from the engineering classification of the soil),

shrink-swell potential, and depth to a high water table

affect the traffic-supporting capacity.

Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf

and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established

and maintained. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Soil reaction, a high water table, depth to

bedrock, and the available water capacity in the upper

40 inches affect plant growth. Flooding, wetness,

slope, stoniness, and the amount of sand, clay, or

organic matter in the surface layer affect trafficability

after vegetation is established.

Sanitary Facilities

Table 11 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields,

sewage lagoons, and sanitary landfills. The limitations

are considered slight if soil properties and site features

are generally favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and easily overcome; moderate if

soil properties or site features are not favorable for the

indicated use and special planning, design, or

maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the

limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features

are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that

special design, significant increases in construction

costs, and possibly increased maintenance are

required.

The table also shows the suitability of the soils for

use as daily cover for landfill. A rating of good

indicates that soil properties and site features are

favorable for the use and good performance and low

maintenance can be expected; fair indicates that soil

properties and site features are moderately favorable

for the use and one or more soil properties or site

features make the soil less desirable than the soils

rated good; and poor indicates that one or more soil

properties or site features are unfavorable for the use

and overcoming the unfavorable properties requires

special design, extra maintenance, or costly alteration.

Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which

effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil

through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that

part of the soil between depths of 24 and 72 inches is

evaluated. The ratings are based on soil properties,

site features, and observed performance of the soils.

Permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock, and

flooding affect absorption of the effluent. Large stones

and bedrock interfere with installation.

Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank

absorption fields, including excessively slow

absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and hillside

seepage, can affect public health. Ground water can

be polluted if highly permeable sand and gravel or

fractured bedrock is less than 4 feet below the base of

the absorption field, if slope is excessive, or if the

water table is near the surface. There must be

unsaturated soil material beneath the absorption field

to filter the effluent effectively. Many local ordinances

require that this material be of a certain thickness.

Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to

hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the

solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly

level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments

of compacted soil. Lagoons generally are designed to
McMinn County, Tennessee 165

hold the sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Nearly

impervious soil material for the lagoon floor and sides

is required to minimize seepage and contamination of

ground water.

The table gives ratings for the natural soil that

makes up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and,

generally, 1 or 2 feet of soil material below the surface

layer are excavated to provide material for the

embankments. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Considered in the ratings are slope,

permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock,

flooding, and large stones.

Excessive seepage resulting from rapid

permeability in the soil or a water table that is high

enough to raise the level of sewage in the lagoon

causes a lagoon to function unsatisfactorily. Pollution

results if seepage is excessive or if floodwater

overtops the lagoon. Slope and bedrock can cause

construction problems, and large stones can hinder

compaction of the lagoon floor.

Sanitary landfills are areas where solid waste is

disposed of by burying it in soil. There are two types

of landfill—trench and area. In a trench landfill, the

waste is placed in a trench. It is spread, compacted,

and covered daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at

the site. In an area landfill, the waste is placed in

successive layers on the surface of the soil. The

waste is spread, compacted, and covered daily

with a thin layer of soil from a source away from the

site.

Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy

vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of groundwater pollution. Ease of excavation and revegetation

should be considered.

The ratings in the table are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Permeability, depth to bedrock, a high water

table, slope, and flooding affect both types of landfill.

Texture, stones and boulders, and soil reaction affect

trench landfills. Unless otherwise stated, the ratings

apply only to that part of the soil within a depth of

about 6 feet. For deeper trenches, a limitation rated

slight or moderate may not be valid. Onsite

investigation is needed.

Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is

used to cover compacted solid waste in an area

sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite,

transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste.

Soil texture, wetness, coarse fragments, and slope

affect the ease of removing and spreading the material

during wet and dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that

are free of large stones or excess gravel are the best

cover for a landfill. Clayey soils are sticky or cloddy

and are difficult to spread; sandy soils are subject to

wind erosion.

After soil material has been removed, the soil

material remaining in the borrow area must be thick

enough over bedrock or the water table to permit

revegetation. The soil material used as the final cover

for a landfill should be suitable for plants. The surface

layer generally has the best workability, more organic

matter, and the best potential for plants. Material from

the surface layer should be stockpiled for use as the

final cover.

Construction Materials

Table 12 gives information about the soils as a

source of roadfill, sand, gravel, and topsoil. The soils

are rated good, fair, or poor as a source of roadfill and

topsoil. They are rated as a probable or improbable

source of sand and gravel. The ratings are based on

soil properties and site features that affect the removal

of the soil and its use as construction material. Normal

compaction, minor processing, and other standard

construction practices are assumed. Each soil is

evaluated to a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one

place and used in road embankments in another

place. In this table, the soils are rated as a source of

roadfill for low embankments, generally less than 6

feet high and less exacting in design than higher

embankments.

The ratings are for the soil material below the

surface layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed

that soil layers will be mixed during excavating and

spreading. Many soils have layers of contrasting

suitability within their profile. The table showing

engineering index properties provides detailed

information about each soil layer. This information can

help to determine the suitability of each layer for use

as roadfill. The performance of soil after it is stabilized

with lime or cement is not considered in the ratings.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site

features, and observed performance of the soils. The

thickness of suitable material is a major consideration.

The ease of excavation is affected by large stones, a

high water table, and slope. How well the soil performs

in place after it has been compacted and drained is

determined by its strength (as inferred from the

engineering classification of the soil) and shrink-swell

potential.

Soils rated good contain significant amounts of

sand or gravel or both. They have at least 5 feet of

suitable material, a low shrink-swell potential, few

cobbles and stones, and slopes of 15 percent or less.

Depth to the water table is more than 3 feet. Soils

rated fair are more than 35 percent silt- and clay-sized
166 Soil Survey

particles and have a plasticity index of less than 10.

They have a moderate shrink-swell potential, slopes of

15 to 25 percent, or many stones. Depth to the water

table is 1 to 3 feet. Soils rated poor have a plasticity

index of more than 10, a high shrink-swell potential,

many stones, or slopes of more than 25 percent. They

are wet and have a water table at a depth of less than

1 foot. They may have layers of suitable material, but

the material is less than 3 feet thick.

Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for

commercial use with a minimum of processing. They

are used in many kinds of construction. Specifications

for each use vary widely. In the table, only the

probability of finding material in suitable quantity is

evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific

purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect

excavation of the material.

The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source

of sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes (as

indicated by the engineering classification of the soil),

the thickness of suitable material, and the content of

rock fragments. Kinds of rock, acidity, and stratification

are given in the soil series descriptions. Gradation of

grain sizes is given in the table on engineering index

properties.

A soil rated as a probable source has a layer of

clean sand or gravel or a layer of sand or gravel that is

up to 12 percent silty fines. This material must be at

least 3 feet thick and less than 50 percent, by weight,

large stones. All other soils are rated as an improbable

source. Coarse fragments of soft bedrock, such as

shale and siltstone, are not considered to be sand and

gravel.

Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation

can be established and maintained. The upper 40

inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also

evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow

area.

Plant growth is affected by such properties as soil

reaction, available water capacity, and fertility. The

ease of excavating, loading, and spreading is affected

by rock fragments, slope, a water table, soil texture,

and thickness of suitable material. Reclamation of the

borrow area is affected by slope, a water table, rock

fragments, and bedrock.

Soils rated good have friable, loamy material to a

depth of at least 40 inches. They are free of stones

and cobbles, have little or no gravel, and have slopes

of less than 8 percent. They are naturally fertile or

respond well to fertilizer and are not so wet that

excavation is difficult.

Soils rated fair are sandy soils, loamy soils that

have a relatively high content of clay, soils that have

only 20 to 40 inches of suitable material, soils that

have an appreciable amount of gravel or stones, or

soils that have slopes of 8 to 15 percent. The soils are

not so wet that excavation is difficult.

Soils rated poor are very sandy or clayey, have less

than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large

amount of gravel or stones, have slopes of more than

15 percent, or have a seasonal high water table at or

near the surface.

The surface layer of most soils is generally

preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter

content. Organic matter greatly increases the

absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for

plant growth.

Water Management

Table 13 gives information on the soil properties

and site features that affect water management. The

degree and kind of soil limitations are given for pond

reservoir areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; and

aquifer-fed excavated ponds. The limitations are

considered slight if soil properties and site features are

generally favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and are easily overcome;

moderate if soil properties or site features are not

favorable for the indicated use and special planning,

design, or maintenance is needed to overcome or

minimize the limitations; and severe if soil properties or

site features are so unfavorable or so difficult to

overcome that special design, significant increase in

construction costs, and possibly increased

maintenance are required.

This table also gives for each soil the restrictive

features that affect drainage, irrigation, terraces and

diversions, and grassed waterways.

Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or

embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low

seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The

seepage potential is determined by the permeability of

the soil and the depth to fractured bedrock or other

permeable material. Excessive slope can affect the

storage capacity of the reservoir area.

Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised

structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet

high, constructed to impound water or to protect land

against overflow. In this table, the soils are rated as a

source of material for embankment fill. The ratings

apply to the soil material below the surface layer to a

depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil layers will

be uniformly mixed and compacted during

construction.

The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural

soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a

depth even greater than the height of the embankment

can affect performance and safety of the embankment.
McMinn County, Tennessee 167

Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to

determine these properties.

Soil material in embankments must be resistant to

seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable

compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features

include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a high

content of stones or boulders. A high water table

affects the amount of usable material. It also affects

trafficability.

Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts

that extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth

below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds

that are fed only by surface runoff and embankment

ponds that impound water 3 feet or more above the

original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by

depth to a permanent water table and permeability of

the aquifer. Depth to bedrock and the content of large

stones affect the ease of excavation.

Drainage is the removal of excess surface and

subsurface water from the soil. How easily and

effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to

bedrock or to other layers that affect the rate of water

movement, permeability, depth to a high water table or

depth of standing water if the soil is subject to

ponding, slope, and susceptibility to flooding.

Excavating and grading and the stability of ditchbanks

are affected by depth to bedrock, large stones, slope,

and the hazard of cutbanks caving. The productivity of

the soil after drainage may be adversely affected by

acidity. Availability of drainage outlets is not considered

in the ratings.

Irrigation is the controlled application of water to

supplement rainfall and support plant growth. The

design and management of an irrigation system are

affected by depth to the water table, the need for

drainage, flooding, available water capacity, intake

rate, permeability, erosion hazard, and slope. The

construction of a system is affected by large stones

and depth to bedrock. The performance of a system is

affected by the depth of the root zone and soil

reaction.

Terraces and diversions are embankments or a

combination of channels and ridges constructed

across a slope to control erosion and conserve

moisture by intercepting runoff. Slope, wetness, large

stones, and depth to bedrock affect the construction of

terraces and diversions. A restricted rooting depth, a

severe hazard of water erosion, an excessively coarse

texture, and restricted permeability adversely affect

maintenance.

Grassed waterways are natural or constructed

channels, generally broad and shallow, that conduct

surface water to outlets at a nonerosive velocity. Large

stones, wetness, slope, and depth to bedrock affect

the construction of grassed waterways. Low available

water capacity, restricted rooting depth, and restricted

permeability adversely affect the growth and

maintenance of the grass after construction.

169

Data relating to soil properties are collected during

the course of the soil survey.

Soil properties are ascertained by field examination

of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some

benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are

followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are

made and examined to identify and classify the soils

and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are

taken from some typical profiles and tested in the

laboratory to determine particle-size distribution,

plasticity, and compaction characteristics.

Estimates of soil properties are based on field

examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the

survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of

similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field

observations, verify properties that cannot be

estimated accurately by field observation, and help to

characterize key soils.

The estimates of soil properties are shown in

tables. They include engineering index properties,

physical and chemical properties, and pertinent soil

and water features.

Engineering Index Properties

Table 14 gives the engineering classifications and

the range of index properties for the layers of each soil

in the survey area.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Texture is given in the standard terms used by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are

defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and

clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than

2 millimeters in diameter. “Loam,” for example, is soil

that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and

less than 52 percent sand. If the content of particles

coarser than sand is 15 percent or more, an

appropriate modifier is added, for example, “gravelly.”

Textural terms are defined in the Glossary.

Classification of the soils is determined according to

the Unified soil classification system (ASTM 1993) and

the system adopted by the American Association of

State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO

1986).

The Unified system classifies soils according to

properties that affect their use as construction

material. Soils are classified according to particle-size

distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in

diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,

and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils

are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and

SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and

OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting

engineering properties of two groups can have a dual

classification, for example, CL-ML.

The AASHTO system classifies soils according to

those properties that affect roadway construction and

maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral

soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified

in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the

basis of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and

plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained

and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other

extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly

organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis of

visual inspection.

If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and

A-7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b,

A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an

additional refinement, the suitability of a soil as

subgrade material can be indicated by a group index

number. Group index numbers range from 0 for

the best subgrade material to 20 or higher for the

poorest.

Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter

and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are indicated as a

percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The

percentages are estimates determined mainly by

converting volume percentage in the field to weight

percentage.

Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated

sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than

3 inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The

sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard

Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and

0.074 millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based

on laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area

and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the

field.

Soil Properties
170 Soil Survey

Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits)

indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The

estimates are based on test data from the survey area

or from nearby areas and on field examination.

The estimates of particle-size distribution, liquid

limit, and plasticity index are generally rounded to the

nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation and

Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2

percentage points) across classification boundaries,

the classification in the marginal zone is generally

omitted in the table.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Table 15 shows estimates of some characteristics

and features that affect soil behavior. These estimates

are given for the layers of each soil in the survey area.

The estimates are based on field observations and on

test data for these and similar soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity.

The pH of each soil horizon is based on many field

tests. For many soils, values have been verified by

laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in

selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating soil

amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in

determining the risk of corrosion.

Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in

diameter. In table 15, the estimated clay content of

each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of

the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in

diameter.

The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and

physical condition of the soil and the ability of the soil

to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They

influence shrink-swell potential, permeability, plasticity,

the ease of soil dispersion, and other soil properties.

The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage

and earthmoving operations.

Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per

unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at

field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at

1

/3- or 1/10-bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension.

Weight is determined after the soil is dried at 105

degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk

density of each soil horizon is expressed in grams per

cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to

compute shrink-swell potential, available water

capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties.

The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore

space available for water and roots. Depending on soil

texture, a bulk density of more than 1.4 can restrict

water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density

is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic

matter, and soil structure.

Permeability refers to the ability of a soil to transmit

water or air. The term “permeability,” as used in soil

surveys, indicates saturated hydraulic conductivity

(Ksat ). The estimates in the table indicate the rate of

water movement, in inches per hour, when the soil is

saturated. They are based on soil characteristics

observed in the field, particularly structure, porosity,

and texture. Permeability is considered in the design of

soil drainage systems and septic tank absorption

fields.

Available water capacity refers to the quantity of

water that the soil is capable of storing for use by

plants. The capacity for water storage is given in

inches of water per inch of soil for each soil layer. The

capacity varies, depending on soil properties that

affect retention of water. The most important

properties are the content of organic matter, soil

texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water

capacity is an important factor in the choice of plants

or crops to be grown and in the design and

management of irrigation systems. Available water

capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of water

actually available to plants at any given time.

Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of

an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased

from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the

volume change between the water content of the clod

at 1/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and

oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the

table as percent change for the whole soil. Volume

change is influenced by the amount and type of clay

minerals in the soil.

Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrinkswell potential of soils. The shrink-swell potential is low

if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than

3 percent; moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to

9 percent; and very high if more than 9 percent. If the

linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and

swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and

other structures and to plant roots. Special design

commonly is needed.

Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in

the soil at various stages of decomposition. In table

15, the estimated content of organic matter is

expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil

material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

The content of organic matter in a soil can be

maintained by returning crop residue to the soil.

Organic matter has a positive effect on available water

capacity, water infiltration, soil organism activity, and
McMinn County, Tennessee 171

tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for

crops and soil organisms.

Erosion factors are shown in table 15 as the K

factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor. Erosion factor K

indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill

erosion by water. Factor K is one of six factors used in

the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the

Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to

predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet

and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The

estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt,

sand, and organic matter and on soil structure and

permeability. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69.

Other factors being equal, the higher the value, the

more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by

water.

Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the

whole soil. The estimates are modified by the

presence of rock fragments.

Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fineearth fraction, or the material less than 2 millimeters in

size.

Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum

average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water

that can occur without affecting crop productivity over

a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per

year.

Soil Features

Table 16 gives estimates of various soil features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

A restrictive layer is a nearly continuous layer that

has one or more physical or chemical properties that

significantly impede the movement of water and air

through the soil or that restrict roots or otherwise

provide an unfavorable root environment. Examples

are bedrock, cemented layers, and dense layers. The

table indicates the hardness and thickness of the

restrictive layer, both of which significantly affect the

ease of excavation. Depth to top is the vertical

distance from the soil surface to the upper boundary of

the restrictive layer.

Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced

electrochemical or chemical action that corrodes or

weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of

corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors

as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and

electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion

of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium

content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the

soil. Special site examination and design may be

needed if the combination of factors results in a severe

hazard of corrosion. The steel or concrete in

installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers

is more susceptible to corrosion than the steel or

concrete in installations that are entirely within one

kind of soil or within one soil layer.

For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed

as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage

class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field

capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation

extract.

For concrete, the risk of corrosion also is expressed

as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture,

acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation

extract.

Water Features

Table 17 gives estimates of various water features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of

runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four

groups according to the rate of water infiltration when

the soils are not protected by vegetation, are

thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from longduration storms.

The four hydrologic soil groups are:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low

runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist

mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained

sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate

of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of

moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or

well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to

moderately coarse texture. These soils have a

moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils

having a layer that impedes the downward movement

of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine

texture. These soils have a slow rate of water

transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate

(high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These

consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell

potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that

have a clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that

are shallow over nearly impervious material. These

soils have a very slow rate of water transmission.

The months in the table indicate the portion of the

year in which the feature is most likely to be a

concern.
172

Water table refers to a saturated zone in the soil.

The table indicates, by month, depth to the top (upper

limit) and base (lower limit) of the saturated zone in

most years. Estimates of the upper and lower limits

are based mainly on observations of the water table

at selected sites and on evidence of a saturated

zone, namely grayish colors or mottles (redoximorphic

features) in the soil. A saturated zone that lasts

for less than a month is not considered a water

table.

Ponding is standing water in a closed depression.

Unless a drainage system is installed, the water is

removed only by percolation, transpiration, or

evaporation. The table indicates surface water depth

and the duration and frequency of ponding. Duration is

expressed as very brief if less than 2 days, brief if 2 to

7 days, long if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than

30 days. Frequency is expressed as none, rare,

occasional, and frequent. None means that ponding is

not probable; rare that it is unlikely but possible under

unusual weather conditions (the chance of ponding is

nearly 0 percent to 5 percent in any year); occasional

that it occurs, on the average, once or less in 2 years

(the chance of ponding is 5 to 50 percent in any year);

and frequent that it occurs, on the average, more than

once in 2 years (the chance of ponding is more than

50 percent in any year).

Flooding is the temporary inundation of an area

caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from

adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short

periods after rainfall or snowmelt is not considered

flooding, and water standing in swamps and marshes

is considered ponding rather than flooding.

Duration and frequency are estimated. Duration is

expressed as extremely brief if 0.1 hour to 4 hours,

very brief if 4 hours to 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, long

if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than 30 days.

Frequency is expressed as none, very rare, rare,

occasional, frequent, and very frequent. None means

that flooding is not probable; very rare that it is very

unlikely but possible under extremely unusual weather

conditions (the chance of flooding is less than 1

percent in any year); rare that it is unlikely but possible

under unusual weather conditions (the chance of

flooding is 1 to 5 percent in any year); occasional that

it occurs infrequently under normal weather conditions

(the chance of flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any year);

frequent that it is likely to occur often under normal

weather conditions (the chance of flooding is more

than 50 percent in any year but is less than 50 percent

in all months in any year); and very frequent that it is

likely to occur very often under normal weather

conditions (the chance of flooding is more than

50 percent in all months of any year).

The information is based on evidence in the soil

profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay

deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic

matter content with increasing depth; and little or no

horizon development.

Also considered are local information about the

extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each

soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on

the extent of flooding based on soil data is less

specific than that provided by detailed engineering

surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific

flood frequency levels.
173

The system of soil classification used by the

National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories

(Soil Survey Staff 1975, 1998). Beginning with the

broadest, these categories are the order, suborder,

great group, subgroup, family, and series.

Classification is based on soil properties observed in

the field or inferred from those observations or from

laboratory measurements. Table 18 shows the

classification of the soils in the survey area. The

categories are defined in the following paragraphs.

ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The

differences among orders reflect the dominant soilforming processes and the degree of soil formation.

Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An

example is Ultisol.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders

primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil

genesis and are important to plant growth or

properties that reflect the most important variables

within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a

suborder indicates the order. An example is Udult (Ud,

meaning humid, plus ult, from Ultisol).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into

great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind,

arrangement, and degree of development of

pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature

regimes; type of saturation; and base status. Each

great group is identified by the name of a suborder

and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil. An

example is Paleudults (Pale, meaning old, plus udult,

the suborder of the Ultisols that has a udic moisture

regime).

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic

subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or

extragrades. The typic subgroup is the central concept

of the great group; it is not necessarily the most

extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other orders,

suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have some

properties that are not representative of the great

group but do not indicate transitions to any other

taxonomic class. Each subgroup is identified by one or

more adjectives preceding the name of the great

group. The adjective Typic identifies the subgroup that

typifies the great group. An example is Typic

Paleudults.

FAMILY. Families are established within a

subgroup on the basis of physical and chemical

properties and other characteristics that affect

management. Generally, the properties are those of

horizons below plow depth where there is much

biological activity. Among the properties and

characteristics considered are particle size, mineral

content, soil temperature regime, soil depth, reaction,

and clay activity. A family name consists of the name

of a subgroup preceded by terms that indicate soil

properties. An example is fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic

Paleudults.

SERIES. The series consists of soils within a

family that have horizons similar in color, texture,

structure, reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical

composition, and arrangement in the profile.

Soil Series and Their Morphology

In this section, each soil series recognized in the

survey area is described. Characteristics of the soil

and the material in which it formed are identified for

each series. A pedon, a small three-dimensional area

of soil, that is typical of the series in the survey area is

described. The detailed description of each soil

horizon follows standards in the “Soil Survey Manual”

(Soil Survey Division Staff 1993). Many of the

technical terms used in the descriptions are defined in

“Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff 1975) and in “Keys

to Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff 1998). Unless

otherwise indicated, colors in the descriptions are for

moist soil. Following the pedon description is the range

of important characteristics of the soils in the series.

Alcoa Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (in the Red Hills area)

Landscape position: Lower side slopes, footslopes,

and terraces

Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium derived from

calcareous sandstone and quartzose limestone

Classification of the Soils
174 Soil Survey

Slope range: 2 to 25 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine, parasesquic, thermic Rhodic

Paleudults

Associated soils: Tellico, Red Hills, and Steekee soils

on adjacent uplands; Neubert soils in adjacent

drainageways and on flood plains

Typical Pedon

Alcoa loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded; 3.1 miles

southwest on State Route 39 from the intersection

with U.S. Highway 411, about 50 feet east of State

Route 39; USGS Englewood topographic quadrangle;

lat. 35 degrees 23 minutes 13 seconds N. and long.

84 degrees 26 minutes 23 seconds W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; slightly decomposed leaves and twigs.

A—0 to 3 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—3 to 14 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; many fine and few medium roots; common

faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—14 to 33 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4)

clay; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and few medium

roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds;

very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—33 to 49 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4)

clay; few fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR

6/6) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct

clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt4—49 to 62 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4)

clay; few fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR

6/6) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 50 to more than 90 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles and

channers of calcareous sandstone, shale, and

quartzose limestone

Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid in

unlimed areas

A horizon:

Hue—10R to 5YR

Value—3

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—10R to 5YR

Value—3

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—in shades of brown or yellow

Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, clay, or

sandy clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Apison Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (fig. 12)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests and side slopes

Parent material: Residuum derived from acid shale

and interbedded sandstone

Slope range: 5 to 60 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive,

thermic Typic Hapludults

Associated soils: Sunlight, Coile, Corryton, Coghill,

and Tellico soils

Typical Pedon

Apison loam, in an area of Apison-Coile complex,

25 to 60 percent slopes; 6.3 miles east of Englewood

on State Route 39 to Yoeder Branch, 820 feet east of

Yoeder Branch, 250 feet south of State Route 39, on

an upper side slope in a mixed forest; USGS Mecca

topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 21 minutes

51 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 25 minutes

49 seconds W.

A—0 to 3 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; moderate

medium granular structure; friable; common fine

and medium roots; moderately acid; clear wavy

boundary.

BA—3 to 8 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay loam;

common medium faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3)

mottles; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and medium roots;

5 percent shale channers; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt—8 to 19 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay

loam; common fine distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3)

mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine and medium roots;

common faint clay films on faces of peds;
McMinn County, Tennessee 175

10 percent shale channers; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

BC—19 to 22 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

channery clay loam; many medium prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; moderate

medium platy structure; friable; few fine roots;

20 percent shale channers; strongly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Cr/C—22 to 42 inches; olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6), soft

sandy shale (Cr part); layers of brown (7.5YR 4/4)

sandy loam with common medium distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles (C part); massive;

friable; few fine roots; 2 percent shale channers;

strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

Cr—42 to 60 inches; olive yellow, sandy shale.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to hard bedrock: More than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Channers and

pebbles of sandstone and shale

Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid in

unlimed areas

A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

BA horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of red, yellow, or

brown

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, silty

clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 20 percent

BC horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of red, yellow, or

brown

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, silty

clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 20 percent

C horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of red, yellow,

brown, or olive

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy loam,

clay loam, sandy clay loam, silt loam, silty clay

loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 30 percent

Cr horizon:

Brown to olive yellow, soft, sandy shale

Arkaqua Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Flood plains

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic

Fluvaquentic Dystrudepts

Associated soils: Atkins soils in landscape positions

similar to those of the Arkaqua soils; Harmiller and

McCamy soils on adjacent uplands

Typical Pedon

Arkaqua silt loam, in an area of Atkins-Arkaqua

complex, frequently flooded; 9 miles east of

Englewood on State Route 39, about 3.9 miles

southwest on USDA Forest Service Road 297, about

1,375 feet south of the road, in a stand of mixed

hardwoods; USGS Mecca topographic quadrangle; lat.

35 degrees 19 minutes 43 seconds N. and long. 84

degrees 25 minutes 26 seconds W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; slightly decomposed hardwood litter

and roots.

Oe—0 to 2 inches; moderately decomposed hardwood

litter and roots.

A—2 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

many fine and common medium roots; very

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw—7 to 14 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine and few medium roots;

common accumulations of manganese; few

medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

depletions in the lower part of the horizon;

extremely acid; clear smooth boundary.
176 Soil Survey

Bg1—14 to 22 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; common medium distinct olive yellow (2.5Y

6/6) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; 2 percent

rounded sandstone pebbles; common fine dark

masses of manganese; extremely acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bg2—22 to 33 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/1) sandy

loam; many coarse prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) and common coarse distinct light

yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) mottles; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; 5 percent

rounded sandstone pebbles; extremely acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Cg1—33 to 45 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/1) very

gravelly sandy loam; many coarse prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and common coarse

distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) mottles;

massive; friable; 40 percent rounded sandstone

pebbles; extremely acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg2—45 to 55 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) very gravelly

loam; common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and few medium distinct light yellowish

brown (2.5Y 6/4) mottles; massive; friable; 50

percent rounded sandstone pebbles; extremely

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Cg3—55 to 60 inches; gray (N 5/0) very gravelly loam;

common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/8) and common medium distinct light yellowish

brown (2.5Y 6/4) mottles; massive; friable; 10

percent shale channers; 40 percent rounded

sandstone pebbles; extremely acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 50 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 12 to 24 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles of arkosic

sandstone and metasandstone

Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silt loam, loam, or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—0 to 2

Mottles—in shades of brown, yellow, or red

Texture—silt loam, loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—0 to 2

Mottles—in shades of brown, yellow, or red

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, sandy

loam, or loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 60 percent

Atkins Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Slow to moderately rapid

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Flood plains

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, acid,

mesic Typic Fluvaquents

Associated soils: Arkaqua soils in landscape

positions similar to those of the Atkins soils;

Harmiller and McCamy soils on adjacent

uplands

Typical Pedon

Atkins silt loam, in an area of Atkins-Arkaqua complex,

frequently flooded; 9 miles east of Englewood on State

Route 39, about 3.9 miles southwest on USDA Forest

Service Road 297, about 1,375 feet south of the road,

in a stand of mixed hardwoods; USGS Mecca

topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 19 minutes

43 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 25 minutes

39 seconds W.

Oe—0 to 2 inches; moderately decomposed hardwood

litter and roots.

A—2 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak

fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and

common medium roots; very strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bg1—6 to 30 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam;

common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine and common medium roots; few
McMinn County, Tennessee 177

accumulations of manganese; extremely acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bg2—30 to 42 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

sandy loam; common medium distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine roots;

common fine dark masses of manganese;

extremely acid; clear smooth boundary.

Cg—42 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

sandy loam; many coarse distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) and common coarse distinct light

yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) mottles; massive; very

friable; 5 percent rounded sandstone pebbles;

extremely acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 25 to 50 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 0 to 12 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles of arkosic

sandstone and metasandstone

Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Mottles—in shades of brown, yellow, or red

Texture—silt loam, loam, sandy loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Mottles—in shades of brown, yellow, or red

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy loam or

loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 60 percent

Bellamy Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Low stream terraces and

drainageways

Parent material: Mixed alluvium

Slope range: 1 to 5 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive,

thermic Fragiaquic Hapludults

Associated soils: Dewey, Fullerton, and Waynesboro

soils on adjacent uplands; Hamblen and

Bloomingdale soils on adjacent flood plains

Typical Pedon

Bellamy silt loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes; 10.75 miles

south of Athens on U.S. Highway 11, about 5.75 miles

northwest on County Road 50, about 1.5 miles

northeast on County Road 51, about 500 feet north of

County Road 51, in a hayfield adjacent to Rogers

Creek; USGS Goodfield topographic quadrangle; lat.

35 degrees 24 minutes 02 seconds N. and long. 84

degrees 46 minutes 32 seconds W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam;

moderate medium granular structure; very friable;

many fine roots; common fine manganese

concretions; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BE—9 to 17 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt

loam; many medium prominent yellow (2.5Y 7/6)

mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common medium roots;

common fine prominent light gray (2.5Y 7/2) iron

depletions in the lower part; common medium

accumulations of iron and manganese; strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt—17 to 25 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay loam;

common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few

clay films on faces of peds; common fine faint light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; common

fine accumulations of iron and manganese;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btx1—25 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots along

vertical faces of peds; 50 to 60 percent fragic

properties; few clay films on faces of peds; many

coarse prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

iron depletions; common fine accumulations of

iron and manganese; 5 percent angular chert

pebbles and rounded sandstone pebbles; strongly

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Btx2—38 to 58 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

loam; common medium prominent brown (10YR

5/3) and few medium prominent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) mottles; strong medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; 40 to 60 percent fragic
178 Soil Survey

properties; few clay films on faces of peds; few

medium accumulations of iron and manganese;

5 percent angular chert pebbles and rounded

sandstone pebbles; strongly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

BC—58 to 67 inches; mottled light brownish gray (2.5Y

6/2), brown (10YR 5/3), and brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) silty clay loam; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; many medium

and coarse accumulations of iron and manganese;

strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 72 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Depth to fragic properties: 14 to 24 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 15 to 24 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles of chert and

sandstone

Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid in

unlimed areas

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

BE horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—in shades of yellow, brown, or gray in the

lower part

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 8

Mottles—in shades of yellow, gray, or brown

Texture—silt loam, loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Btx horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 8

Mottles—in shades of yellow, gray, or brown

Texture—silt loam, clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

BC horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Mottles—in shades of yellow, gray, or brown

Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam, loam, or clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bloomingdale Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Flood plains and depressions

Parent material: Mixed alluvium derived from shale

and limestone

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, semiactive, nonacid,

thermic Typic Endoaquepts

Associated soils: Steadman and Hamblen soils on

adjacent flood plains; Corryton, Townley, Coile,

Dewey, Fullerton, and Bodine soils on adjacent

uplands

Typical Pedon

Bloomingdale silty clay loam, occasionally flooded;

3 miles south of Riceville on U.S. Highway 11, about

3.5 miles west on County Road 50, about 2.4 miles

northwest on County Road 51, about 850 feet north, in

an idle hayfield; USGS Goodfield topographic

quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 24 minutes 04 seconds N.

and long. 84 degrees 46 minutes 37 seconds W.

Ap—0 to 5 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) silty clay loam;

moderate medium granular structure; friable; many

fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bg—5 to 14 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay; common

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

mottles; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; 2 percent

chert gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg1—14 to 28 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay; common

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

mottles; massive; friable; few fine roots; few fine

and medium dark concretions; 2 percent chert

gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Cg2—28 to 60 inches; gray (N 6/0) clay; many medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles;

massive; friable; many fine and medium dark

concretions; 2 percent chert gravel; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 14 to 40 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches
McMinn County, Tennessee 179

Depth to seasonal high water table: 0 to 12 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Mostly rounded

pebbles of chert

Reaction: Moderately acid to moderately

alkaline

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 5Y or neutral

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Mottles—in shades of brown, red, or gray

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Cg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 5Y or neutral

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—0 to 2

Mottles—in shades of brown, red, or gray

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam,

silty clay, or clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 20 percent below

a depth of 40 inches

Bodine Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests, shoulder slopes,

and side slopes

Parent material: Residuum derived from cherty

limestone and dolomite; the upper 24 inches may

have formed in colluvium or creep

Slope range: 5 to 60 percent

Taxonomic class: Loamy-skeletal, siliceous,

semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudults

Associated soils: Fullerton and Dewey soils in

landscape positions similar to those of the Bodine

soils; Minvale soils on footslopes

Typical Pedon

Bodine gravelly silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes,

eroded; 5.2 miles west on State Route 305 from the

intersection with U.S. Highway 11, about 0.4 mile west

on County Road 195, in a loblolly pine plantation;

USGS Tranquillity topographic quadrangle; lat. 35

degrees 31 minutes 40 seconds N. and 84 degrees

39 minutes 32 seconds W.

Oi—2 to 0 inches; slightly decomposed pine needles,

twigs, and hardwood litter.

Oe—0 to 1 inch; partially decomposed pine needles

and twigs.

A—1 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly silt loam;

moderate medium granular structure; very friable;

many fine, common medium, and few coarse

roots; 20 percent chert gravel; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

BE—6 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common fine and medium

roots; 20 percent chert gravel; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—15 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

gravelly silty clay loam; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium

roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; 40

percent chert gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt2—25 to 36 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) very

gravelly clay loam; few fine distinct brownish

yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and

medium roots; common distinct clay films on faces

of peds and in pores; 50 percent angular chert

pebbles; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt3—36 to 50 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

gravelly clay; common medium yellowish red (5YR

5/6) mottles; friable; few fine and medium roots;

many distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; 25 percent angular

chert pebbles; very strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt4—50 to 62 inches; mottled red (2.5YR 4/8), strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8), and brownish yellow (10YR

6/6) gravelly clay; weak medium angular blocky

structure; firm; few fine roots; many distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds and

in pores; 25 percent chert pebbles and cobbles;

very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles and cobbles

of chert

Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid in unlimed

areas

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y
180 Soil Survey

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—20 to 50 percent

BE horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—20 to 50 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—in shades of brown, yellow, or red; in

some pedons the lower part of the Bt horizon is

mottled and has no dominant matrix color

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, loam,

silty clay loam, clay loam, or clay

Content of rock fragments—25 to 85 percent

(ranges from 35 to 65 percent in the control

section)

Bradyville Series

Depth class: Deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests and side slopes

Parent material: Residuum derived from limestone or

dolomite

Slope range: 5 to 50 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic

Typic Hapludalfs

Associated soils: Dewey, Fullerton, Bodine, and

Waynesboro soils

Typical Pedon

Bradyville gravelly silt loam, in an area of BradyvilleRock outcrop complex, 25 to 50 percent slopes;

3.7 miles west on State Route 30 from the intersection

with U.S. Highway 11, about 1.9 miles south on

County Road 110, about 1 mile west on County Road

107, about 400 feet north in a mixed hardwood forest;

USGS Riceville topographic quadrangle; lat. 35

degrees 27 minutes 26 seconds N. and long. 84

degrees 42 minutes 47 seconds W.

Oi—1/2 inch to 0; leaf litter and twigs.

A—0 to 7 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

gravelly silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine and medium roots;

25 percent angular chert pebbles; strongly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—7 to 20 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay;

common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and medium roots;

common distinct clay films on faces of peds and in

pores; 10 percent angular chert pebbles;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—20 to 27 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm;

few fine roots; many distinct clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; 10 percent angular chert

pebbles and cobbles; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt3—27 to 44 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; very few fine roots; common distinct clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; 10 percent

angular chert pebbles; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

R—44 inches; hard, gray limestone.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to hard bedrock: 40 to 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles of chert

Reaction: Strongly acid to neutral

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5YR to 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—in shades of yellow, brown, or red

Texture—clay or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Cataska Series

Depth class: Shallow

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Steep side slopes

Parent material: Residuum derived from tilted

metashale and fractured arkosic sandstone

Slope range: 35 to 90 percent
McMinn County, Tennessee 181

Taxonomic class: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive,

mesic, shallow Typic Dystrudepts

Associated soils: Unicoi soils on crests and steep

side slopes

Typical Pedon

Cataska very channery loam, 65 to 90 percent slopes,

very rocky; 9 miles east of Englewood on State Route

39, about 5.9 miles southwest on USDA Forest

Service Road 297 to iron gate, 2,250 feet north on an

old logging road, in a mixed hardwood forest; USGS

Mecca topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees

19 minutes 19 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees

27 minutes 08 seconds W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; slightly decomposed pine needles and

hardwood leaf litter.

Oe—0 to 1 inch; moderately decomposed leaf litter

and pine needles.

A—1 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very channery

loam; moderate medium granular structure; very

friable; many fine roots; 40 percent metashale

channers; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bw—6 to 11 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

extremely channery loam; common fine distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

roots; 70 percent metashale channers; very

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Cr—11 to 48 inches; soft, tilted metashale.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 7 to 20 inches

Depth to soft bedrock: Less than 20 inches

Depth to hard bedrock: More than 48 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Channers and

pebbles of metashale and arkosic sandstone

Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam or silt

loam

Content of rock fragments—25 to 45 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of brown or

yellow

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam or silt

loam

Content of rock fragments—40 to 80 percent

Cr horizon:

Brown to yellowish brown metashale and soft,

fractured arkosic sandstone

Coghill Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridges and side slopes

Parent material: Interbedded, calcareous sandstone

and shale

Slope range: 5 to 25 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic

Typic Hapludults

Associated soils: Apison, Coile, and Tellico soils

Typical Pedon

Coghill sandy loam, in an area of Coghill-Apison

complex, 5 to 12 percent slopes; 2.25 miles west of

Etowah County Road 660, about 2.3 miles south on

County Road 609, about 875 feet east on County

Road 805, about 1,500 feet northeast along a ridge

crest of Little Mountain, in a mixed forest; USGS

Etowah topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees

18 minutes 06 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees

33 minutes 41 seconds W.

Oe—0 to 1 inch; partially decomposed hardwood and

evergreen litter.

A—1 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam;

moderate medium granular structure; very friable;

many fine and medium and common coarse roots;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

BE—5 to 7 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very

friable; many fine and medium and few coarse

roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—7 to 19 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay;

common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR

5/8) mottles; strong medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; many

distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores;

strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt2—19 to 29 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay;

many medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR

6/8) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; many distinct clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; very strongly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
182 Soil Survey

BCt—29 to 38 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy

clay loam; many coarse prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

common faint yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay films on

faces of peds; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

C1—38 to 58 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

sandy loam; common medium prominent yellowish

red (5YR 5/8) mottles; massive; friable; very

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

C2—58 to 78 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

loamy sand; few medium prominent yellowish red

(5YR 5/8) mottles; massive; friable; very strongly

acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Channers and

pebbles of sandstone and shale

Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

unlimed areas

A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

BE horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture—sandy loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5YR to 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—6 to 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of red, yellow, or

brown

Texture—clay, sandy clay, sandy clay loam, or clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

BCt horizon:

Hue—2.5YR to 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—6 to 8

Mottles—in shades of red, yellow, or brown

Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—6 to 8

Mottles—in shades of red, yellow, or brown

Texture—sandy loam, loam, or loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Coile Series

Depth class: Shallow to moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Broad ridge crests and side

slopes in valleys

Parent material: Residuum derived from tilted and

fractured, fissile, acid shale

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Taxonomic class: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive,

thermic, shallow Ruptic-Ultic Dystrudepts

Associated soils: Corryton, Apison, and Townley

soils

Typical Pedon

Coile silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded;

2.7 miles south of the intersection of State Route 30

with U.S. Highway 11, about 1.9 miles west on County

Road 114 (Coile Road), 875 feet southwest of County

Road 114, and 875 feet due north of a rest area along

Interstate 75, in a pastured area; USGS Riceville

topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 25 minutes

57 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 41 minutes

16 seconds W.

Ap—0 to 3 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

weak fine granular structure; very friable; many

fine roots; 10 percent soft shale channers; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw/Bt—3 to 10 inches; 60 percent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) very channery silt loam (Bw

part); weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; 60 percent soft shale

channers with common prominent coatings of

manganese; strongly acid; 40 percent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) channery clay (Bt part);

common medium prominent light brownish yellow

(2.5Y 6/4) relict mottles; friable; common fine

roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; 30

percent soft shale channers with common

prominent coatings of manganese; moderately

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

C—10 to 18 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

channery clay; many medium prominent light

brownish yellow (2.5Y 6/4) relict mottles from soft
McMinn County, Tennessee 183

shale; massive; friable; very few fine and very fine

roots; common coarse prominent very dark brown

(10YR 2/2) accumulations of manganese; 20

percent soft shale channers; strongly acid; abrupt

irregular boundary.

Cr—18 to 24 inches; thinly bedded, light olive brown

and light yellowish brown, tilted shale; many

coatings of manganese and common strong

brown coatings of clay on rock faces; dip of the

bedrock ranges from about 15 to 40 degrees

within the profile; a few 1- to 3-inch seams of

C material extend between shale layers.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 9 to 20 inches

Depth to soft bedrock: 9 to 20 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Channers and

pebbles of shale and siltstone

Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

unlimed areas

Ap horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—5 to 30 percent

Bw/Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or loam

(Bw part); clay or clay loam (Bt part)

Content of rock fragments—25 to 75 percent

C horizon:

Hue—5YR to 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 8

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay, clay loam,

or loam

Content of rock fragments—15 to 80 percent

Cr horizon:

Brown to olive, tilted, soft, acid shale

Collegedale Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests and side slopes

Parent material: Residuum derived from limestone and

dolomite

Slope range: 5 to 12 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic

Typic Paleudults

Associated soils: Fullerton, Dewey, and Waynesboro

soils

Typical Pedon

Collegedale silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded;

in Polk County, Tennessee; 2.2 miles south of Old Fort

on U.S. Highway 411, about 0.2 mile east of U.S.

Highway 411 on Ladd Springs Road, 125 feet south of

the road:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable;

few fine roots; 10 percent chert gravel; slightly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—6 to 17 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds;

few fine roots; 2 percent chert gravel; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—17 to 26 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay;

common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6)

mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces

of peds; few fine roots; 2 percent chert gravel;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—26 to 38 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay;

common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR

5/8) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and few

medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles;

moderate medium angular and subangular blocky

structure; firm; common distinct clay films of faces

of peds; few fine roots; 5 percent chert gravel;

strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt4—38 to 45 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay;

many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

and white (10YR 8/2) mottles; moderate medium

angular and subangular blocky structure; firm;

common distinct clay films on faces of peds; 5

percent chert gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt5—45 to 53 inches; mottled yellowish red (5YR 5/6),

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), strong brown (7.5YR

5/8), and white (10YR 8/2) silty clay; moderate

medium angular and subangular blocky structure;

firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; 5

percent chert gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt6—53 to 65 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay;

many medium distinct white (10YR 8/2) and

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; moderate

medium angular and subangular blocky structure

with a few seams of relic rock structure that is
184 Soil Survey

massive; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds;

5 percent chert gravel; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles of chert

Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid in

unlimed areas

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5YR to 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—6 or 8

Mottles—in shades of brown or gray and are most

prevalent below a depth of about 25 inches;

some subhorizons are mottled and have no

dominant matrix color

Texture—clay or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Corryton Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Broad ridge crests and side

slopes

Parent material: Residuum derived from acid shale

Slope range: 2 to 12 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic

Typic Hapludults

Associated soils: Apison, Coile, and Townley soils

Typical Pedon

Corryton silt loam, in an area of Corryton-Townley

complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded; 5.75 miles

northeast of the McMinn County Courthouse on State

Route 307, about 1 mile east on County Road 405 to

Isbell Cemetery, 400 feet northeast of Isbell Cemetery,

in a hayfield; USGS Englewood topographic

quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 29 minutes 16 seconds N.

and long. 84 degrees 29 minutes 46 seconds W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine roots; 2 percent shale

gravel; many manganese stains; slightly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—9 to 17 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; many distinct

clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent shale gravel;

many manganese stains; moderately acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bt2—17 to 26 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) silty

clay; many medium distinct pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4)

and many fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6)

mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many distinct clay films on faces

of peds; 2 percent shale gravel; many manganese

stains; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3—26 to 41 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay;

many medium distinct pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) and

many medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6)

mottles; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct clay films on

faces of peds; 2 percent shale gravel; common

manganese stains; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

C—41 to 75 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

channery silty clay loam; many medium prominent

pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) and common medium

prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) mottles; firm;

massive with relict rock structure; firm; few faint

clay films along bedding planes; 15 percent shale

channers; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Channers and

pebbles of siltstone and shale

Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

unlimed areas

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—6 to 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of red or

yellow

Texture—clay loam, silty clay, silty clay loam, or

clay

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent
McMinn County, Tennessee 185

Figure 13.—A typical profile of a Dewey soil. The Dewey soils,

which are very deep and well drained, have few

limitations. Depth is marked in feet.

Figure 12.—A typical profile of an Apison soil. Soft, sandy

shale and loamy soil material are between depths of 22

and 42 inches. Depth is marked in feet.
186 Soil Survey

Figure 14.—A typical profile of a McCamy soil. The McCamy

soils, which are moderately deep and have a moderate

available water capacity, have hard arkosic sandstone

bedrock at a depth of 51 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40

inches). Depth is marked in centimeters.

Figure 15.—A typical profile of a Red Hills soil. The Red Hills

soils, which are moderately deep, have a soft bedrock

contact at a depth of 51 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40

inches). Depth is marked in centimeters.
McMinn County, Tennessee 187

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—6 to 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of red or yellow

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam,

silty clay, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—5 to 30 percent

Decatur Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests and side slopes

Parent material: Old alluvium or colluvium that overlies

residuum derived from limestone or dolomite

Slope range: 2 to 20 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic

Paleudults

Associated soils: Dewey, Waynesboro, and Fullerton

soils in landscape positions similar to those of the

Decatur soils

Typical Pedon

Decatur silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded; in

Polk County, Tennessee; 500 feet east of the

intersection of Conasauga River and Old Federal

Road, 1,000 feet south of Old Patty Road from Old

Columbus Road, 300 feet east in a field:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) silt

loam; strong medium granular structure; friable;

common fine roots; 10 percent quartz and granite

pebbles; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—6 to 15 inches; dark red (10R 3/6) clay; moderate

medium and fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine roots; common distinct clay

films on faces of peds; 5 percent quartz and

granite pebbles and cobbles; moderately acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bt2—15 to 28 inches; dark red (10R 3/6) clay;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine roots; common distinct clay

films on faces of peds; 5 percent quartz and

granite pebbles and cobbles; strongly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bt3—28 to 50 inches; dark red (10R 3/6) clay;

moderate medium angular blocky and subangular

blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common

distinct clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent

Figure 16.—A typical profile of a Steekee soil. The Steekee

soils, which are shallow, have a soft bedrock contact

within a depth of 20 inches. Available water capacity is

very low. Depth is marked in feet.
188 Soil Survey

quartz and granite pebbles and cobbles; strongly

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt4—50 to 67 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay;

moderate medium angular blocky and subangular

blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films

on faces of peds; 5 percent quartz and granite

pebbles and cobbles; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: More than 72 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 72 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Rounded pebbles

and cobbles of igneous, metamorphic, and

sedimentary rocks

Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

unlimed areas

Ap horizon:

Hue—2.5YR or 5YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—10R or 2.5YR

Value—3

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture—clay or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Dewey Series

Depth class: Very deep (fig. 13)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests and side slopes

Parent material: Old alluvium underlain by residuum

derived from limestone or dolomite

Slope range: 2 to 25 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic

Paleudults

Associated soils: Decatur, Fullerton, Bradyville, and

Waynesboro soils

Typical Pedon

Dewey silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; 1.4 miles south

of Niota on U.S. Highway 11, about 875 feet west of

U.S. Highway 11, in a pastured area; USGS Niota

topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 30 minutes

10 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 34 minutes

11 seconds W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) silt

loam; weak medium and coarse granular

structure; very friable; many fine roots; 2 percent

subrounded chert pebbles; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bt1—9 to 22 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; common

medium prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4)

mottles; moderate medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine and

fine roots; common fine pores; common distinct

clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 5 percent

subrounded sandstone pebbles; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bt2—22 to 35 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) clay; strong

medium and coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine roots; common very fine

pores; common prominent clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; 2 percent subrounded chert

pebbles; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—35 to 43 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) clay; common

medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

mottles; strong medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots;

common very fine pores; common prominent clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; 2 percent

angular chert pebbles; very strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bt4—43 to 61 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay;

common medium prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR

6/8) mottles; moderate medium and coarse

angular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; common very fine pores; common

prominent clay films on faces of peds and in

pores; 2 percent angular chert pebbles; very

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt5—61 to 72 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay;

many medium prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR

6/8) mottles; moderate medium and coarse

angular blocky structure; friable; common very fine

pores; common prominent clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; 5 percent angular chert

pebbles; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles of chert and

sandstone

Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

unlimed areas

Ap horizon:

Hue—5YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6
McMinn County, Tennessee 189

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5YR or 5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—6 or 8

Mottles—in shades of yellow or brown

Texture—clay or silty clay; some pedons have silty

clay loam or clay loam in the upper 5 inches of

the horizon

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Emory Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Flood plains, narrow

drainageways, and upland depressions

Parent material: Local alluvium overlying a buried soil

Slope range: 0 to 4 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, siliceous, active, thermic

Fluventic Humic Dystrudepts

Associated soils: Dewey, Fullerton, Waynesboro, and

Dewey soils on adjacent uplands

Typical Pedon

Emory silt loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes, occasionally

flooded; in Polk County, Tennessee; 1 mile east of Old

Patty Road, 0.3 mile east of the intersection of Rahts

Lane and East Patty Road, 300 feet north of the road:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) silt

loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable;

many fine and medium roots; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bw—8 to 23 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4)

silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Ab—23 to 32 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) silt

loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; few

fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Btb1—32 to 38 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silty

clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

some peds; few fine roots; strongly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Btb2—38 to 46 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

some peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

Btb3—46 to 60 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; common distinct clay films on faces of some

peds; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of local alluvium over the buried soil: 20 to

34 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles and cobbles

of various sedimentary rocks

Reaction: Strongly acid or moderately acid in unlimed

areas

Ap horizon:

Hue—5YR or 7.5YR

Value—3

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—5YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Ab horizon:

Hue—5YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Btb horizon:

Hue—2.5YR to 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of brown,

yellow, or red

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, or clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Etowah Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Stream terraces and footslopes

Parent material: Old alluvium or colluvium derived from

sandstone, shale, and limestone
190 Soil Survey

Slope range: 0 to 12 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive,

thermic Typic Paleudults

Associated soils: Waynesboro, Dewey, and

Bradyville soils

Typical Pedon

Etowah loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; 5.7 miles west on

County Road 20 from the intersection with U.S.

Highway 11 in Calhoun, 1.3 miles south on County

Road 4, about 0.6 mile south on Shelton Cemetery

Road, 500 feet west in a hayfield; USGS Charleston

topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 19 minutes 48

seconds N. and 84 degrees 49 minutes 36 seconds W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam;

moderate medium granular structure; friable; many

fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—10 to 34 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; common

distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores;

few fine manganese concretions; few fine flakes of

mica; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—34 to 57 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct

clay films on faces of peds and in pores; strongly

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt3—57 to 70 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay

loam; common medium distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores;

few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles of

sandstone, quartzite, and chert

Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

unlimed areas

Ap horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5YR to 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—6 or 8

Mottles—in shades of red, yellow, or brown

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, or, in the lower

part, clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Fullerton Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests, shoulder slopes,

backslopes, and side slopes

Parent material: Residuum derived from cherty

limestone or dolomite; some pedons have 1 to

2 feet of colluvium overlying residuum

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic

Paleudults

Associated soils: Dewey and Bodine soils in

landscape positions similar to those of the

Fullerton soils; Minvale soils on footslopes

Typical Pedon

Fullerton gravelly silt loam, 25 to 60 percent slopes,

eroded; 2.5 miles north of Niota on U.S. Highway 11,

about 0.4 mile east on County Road 351, about 0.7

mile south through a loblolly pine plantation to a

clearcut, on the upper part of a very steep side slope;

USGS Niota topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees

32 minutes 03 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 30

minutes 47 seconds W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; slightly decomposed hardwood

leaves, twigs, and roots.

Ap—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly silt loam;

moderate medium granular structure; friable; many

fine and medium roots; 15 percent chert gravel;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

BE—5 to 11 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly

silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine and medium roots; 15

percent chert gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—11 to 19 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

gravelly silty clay loam; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium

roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds and in

pores; 25 percent chert gravel; very strongly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—19 to 33 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

gravelly clay; few medium distinct yellowish red

(5YR 5/8) mottles; strong medium subangular
McMinn County, Tennessee 191

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common

distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) and common faint

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; 25 percent chert gravel; very

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—33 to 44 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) very

gravelly clay; few medium distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; very few fine

roots; many prominent clay films on faces of peds

and in pores; 40 percent chert gravel; very

strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt4—44 to 63 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6)

extremely gravelly clay; common medium

prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles;

moderate fine angular blocky structure; firm; many

prominent clay films on faces of peds and in

pores; 70 percent chert gravel; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles and cobbles

of chert

Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid in

unlimed areas

Ap horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, clay

loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—10 to 25 percent

BE horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 6

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of red, yellow, or

brown

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5YR or 5YR; the upper part may have hue

of 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—in shades of brown, yellow, or red

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay or silty clay;

the upper part may be silty clay loam or clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—10 to 45 percent

(ranges from 15 to 35 percent in the control

section and from 10 to 70 percent below a

depth of about 40 inches)

Hamblen Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Flood plains and drainageways

Parent material: Mixed alluvium derived from

limestone, shale, and sandstone

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive,

thermic Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts

Associated soils: Dewey, Fullerton, Bodine,

Corryton, Townley, and Coile soils on adjacent

uplands

Typical Pedon

Hamblen silt loam, occasionally flooded; 4 miles west

on State Highway 30 from the intersection of State

Highway 30 and Interstate 75, about 1.9 miles north

on County Road 180, about 180 feet north-northeast

on a flood plain on the west side of Rogers Creek;

USGS Tranquillity topographic quadrangle; lat.

35 degrees 30 minutes 16 seconds N. and long.

84 degrees 41 minutes 01 seconds W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam;

moderate medium granular structure; very friable;

many fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bw1—7 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; common medium distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

mottles; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; few fine soft

accumulations of manganese on faces of peds;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw2—14 to 21 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam; common medium prominent brown (10YR

4/3) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; few fine soft

accumulations of manganese on faces of peds;

common medium prominent grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bw3—21 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine soft

accumulations of manganese on faces of peds;

few fine dark concretions in the matrix; common

medium prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.
192 Soil Survey

C1—30 to 37 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

loam; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) mottles; massive; friable; few fine roots;

common medium accumulations of manganese;

common fine prominent olive gray (5Y 5/2) iron

depletions throughout; moderately acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

C2—37 to 52 inches; mottled, yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) loam; many medium brown (10YR 4/3) and

few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

mottles; massive; friable; 2 percent subrounded

chert pebbles; common medium accumulations of

manganese in the matrix; many fine and medium

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions

throughout; moderately acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg—52 to 60 inches; gray (N 6/0) very gravelly clay;

common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) mottles; massive; firm; 40 percent

subrounded chert pebbles; many coarse

accumulations of manganese in the matrix;

moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 55 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 21 to 36 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles of chert,

limestone, and, in places, sandstone and

shale

Reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in unlimed areas

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—in shades of brown, yellow, or gray

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam, loam, or clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 8

Mottles—in shades of brown, yellow, red, or gray;

some horizons are mottled and have no

dominant matrix color

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, silty

clay loam, loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 40 percent below

a depth of 40 inches

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR to 5Y or neutral

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Mottles—in shades of brown, yellow, or red

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, silty

clay loam, loam, clay loam, silty clay, or clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 50 percent

Harmiller Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Ridge crests

Parent material: Residuum derived from thinly bedded

arkosic sandstone and sandy shale

Slope range: 5 to 12 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive,

mesic Typic Hapludults

Associated soils: McCamy, Unicoi, and Wallen soils

on adjacent uplands; Keener soils in saddles and

on the lower parts of the slopes

Typical Pedon

Harmiller loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes; 9 miles east of

Englewood on State Route 39, about 5.5 miles

southwest on USDA Forest Service Road 297, about

25 feet north from the road, in a mixed forest; USGS

Mecca topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees

19 minutes 45 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees

26 minutes 16 seconds W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; slightly decomposed hardwood leaf

litter.

A—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; moderate

medium granular structure; friable; many fine,

common medium, and few coarse roots; strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—5 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay

loam; common medium faint brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common

distinct clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent

shale gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—14 to 23 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) clay

loam; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) and common fine distinct light gray (10YR

7/2) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct
McMinn County, Tennessee 193

clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent shale gravel;

very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Cr—23 to 30 inches; soft, sandy shale or thinly

bedded arkosic sandstone; 15 percent brownish

yellow (10YR 6/6) clay in cracks and crevasses.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 15 to 39 inches

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles and cobbles

of arkosic sandstone

Reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—in shades of red, brown, or yellow

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, loam,

or sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 35 percent

Cr horizon:

Soft, sandy shale or thinly bedded, fractured

arkosic sandstone

Keener Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Lower side slopes and

footslopes

Parent material: Colluvium

Slope range: 3 to 50 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive,

mesic Typic Hapludults

Associated soils: Lostcove soils in landscape

positions similar to those of the Keener soils

Typical Pedon

Keener gravelly sandy loam, in an area of KeenerLostcove complex, 35 to 50 percent slopes, very

stony; 7.3 miles east of Englewood on State Route 39

to the intersection with State Route 310 (Mecca Pike),

2 miles west on State Route 310, about 875 feet south

on County Road 876, about 1.75 miles southeast on a

old logging road, on a northwest-facing roadbank in a

mixed forest; USGS Mecca topographic quadrangle;

lat. 35 degrees 20 minutes 23 seconds N. and long.

84 degrees 26 minutes 56 seconds W.

A—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly sandy

loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

common fine and few medium roots; 15 percent

arkosic sandstone gravel; very strongly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—3 to 15 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

gravelly sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine and few

medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; 20 percent arkosic sandstone gravel; very

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—15 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

gravelly clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common

faint clay films on faces of peds; 30 percent

arkosic sandstone gravel; very strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt3—36 to 60 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

gravelly sandy clay loam; common medium faint

yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and common medium

distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

few faint clay films on faces of peds; 25 percent

sandstone pebbles and cobbles; few distinct soft

dark accumulations of manganese; very strongly

acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles and cobbles

of arkosic sandstone

Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy loam or

fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 35 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—6 or 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of red, brown,

or yellow

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam or

sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—5 to 30 percent
194 Soil Survey

Lostcove Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Lower side slopes and footslopes

Parent material: Colluvium derived from arkosic

sandstone

Slope range: 3 to 50 percent

Taxonomic class: Loamy-skeletal, siliceous, active,

mesic Typic Hapludults

Taxadjunct statement: The Lostcove soils in McMinn

County are taxadjuncts to the series because they

have more clay in the lower part of the subsoil

than is typical for the series. This difference,

however, does not significantly affect use and

management of the soils.

Associated soils: Keener soils in landscape positions

similar to those of the Lostcove soils; Unicoi soils

on the upper side slopes and ridges

Typical Pedon

Lostcove gravelly loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes, very

stony; 1.75 miles east on State Route 310 from the

intersection with U.S. Highway 411, about 0.2 mile

south on County Road 491, about 1.6 miles southeast

on County Road 475, about 2.1 miles south on County

Road 880, about 250 feet east on County Road 875,

about 1 mile south on an old logging road with gate,

on a roadbank on the east side of the road; USGS

Mecca topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees

18 minutes 08 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees

29 minutes 20 seconds W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; slightly decomposed hardwood leaf

litter and pine needles.

Oe—0 to 1 inch; moderately decomposed hardwood

leaf litter and pine needles.

A—1 to 5 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly

loam; moderate medium granular structure; very

friable; common fine and few coarse roots; 30

percent arkosic sandstone gravel; extremely acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—5 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) very

cobbly clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few coarse roots; few distinct

patchy clay films on faces of peds; 40 percent

arkosic sandstone cobbles and pebbles; very

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—19 to 50 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) very

cobbly clay loam; common fine faint strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few coarse and few fine

roots; few distinct patchy clay films on faces of

peds; 40 percent arkosic sandstone cobbles and

pebbles; very strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt3—50 to 76 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

very cobbly clay; many coarse distinct yellowish

red (5YR 5/8) and common fine faint brownish

yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

distinct patchy clay films on faces of peds; 55

percent arkosic sandstone cobbles and pebbles;

very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 30 to more than 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Cobbles and pebbles

of arkosic sandstone

Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam or fine

sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—15 to 40 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—6 to 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of red, yellow, or

brown

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, sandy

clay loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—6 to 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of red, yellow, or

brown

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay or clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent

McCamy Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (fig. 14)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Ridge crests and side slopes
McMinn County, Tennessee 195

Parent material: Residuum derived from sandstone

and arkosic sandstone

Slope range: 12 to 25 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive,

mesic Typic Hapludults

Associated soils: Harmiller and Unicoi soils

Typical Pedon

McCamy loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes, rocky; about

7.3 miles east of Englewood on State Route 39 to the

intersection with State Route 310, northeast 1.7 miles

on State Route 310, east 2.25 miles on USDA Forest

Service Road 297, about 2 miles west to USDA Forest

Service Road 11041, about 1,500 feet north on USDA

Forest Service Road 11041, about 375 feet east of the

road, in a mixed forest; USGS Mecca topographic

quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 20 minutes 02 seconds N.

and long. 84 degrees 25 minutes 44 seconds W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; slightly decomposed leaves and

twigs.

Oe—0 to 1 inch; moderately decomposed leaves and

twigs.

Oa—1 to 3 inches; highly decomposed leaves, twigs,

and roots.

A—3 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine

granular structure; very friable; many fine and

medium and few coarse roots; extremely acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

BE—5 to 11 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; very

friable; many fine and medium and few coarse

roots; very strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt1—11 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and medium and

few coarse roots; few faint clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; 5 percent sandstone cobbles;

very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt2—20 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; few

distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 5

percent sandstone cobbles; very strongly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Cr—24 to 31 inches; soft, brownish, fractured

metasandstone that can be removed with difficulty

using a spade.

R—31 to 34 inches; hard metasandstone.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to hard bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles and cobbles

of sandstone

Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam or sandy

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 30 percent

BE horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, fine

sandy loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 30 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of red, brown,

or yellow

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, sandy

clay loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

Cr horizon:

Soft, rotten arkosic sandstone

R horizon:

Hard arkosic sandstone

Minvale Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Lower side slopes, footslopes,

and fans

Parent material: Colluvium derived from cherty

limestone

Slope range: 5 to 45 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive,

thermic Typic Paleudults

Associated soils: Bodine, Dewey, and Fullerton soils

Typical Pedon

Minvale gravelly silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes; in

Polk County, Tennessee; 2.2 miles south of Old Fort

on U.S. Highway 411, about 0.75 mile west of U.S.

Highway 411 on Ladds Springs Road, 550 feet north

of the road:
196 Soil Survey

A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly silt loam; weak medium granular structure;

very friable; common fine and medium roots; 20

percent chert gravel; strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E—3 to 13 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

gravelly silt loam; moderate medium granular

structure; friable; common fine and medium roots;

20 percent chert gravel; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—13 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

gravelly silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay

films on faces of peds; few fine and medium roots;

25 percent chert gravel; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt2—21 to 28 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

gravelly silty clay loam; common fine distinct

yellowish red (5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay

films on faces of peds; few fine and medium roots;

15 percent chert gravel; strongly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bt3—28 to 39 inches; mottled yellowish red (5YR 5/6),

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), and yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) gravelly clay; moderate medium

subangular and angular blocky structure; firm;

common distinct clay films on faces of peds; 20

percent chert gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt4—39 to 68 inches; mottled yellowish red (5YR 5/6),

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), yellowish brown (10YR

5/6), and very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very gravelly

clay; moderate medium subangular and angular

blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films

on faces of peds; 35 percent chert gravel; strongly

acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles and cobbles

of chert

Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid in

unlimed areas

A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

E horizon: (if it occurs)

Hue—10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—in shades of red, brown, yellow, or gray;

no dominant matrix color in some pedons

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam,

silty clay, or clay

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent

(ranges from 20 to 50 percent below a depth of

about 40 inches)

Needmore Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests and side slopes

Parent material: Residuum derived from calcareous

shale

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, active, mesic Ultic

Hapludalfs

Taxadjunct statement: The Needmore soils in

McMinn County are taxadjuncts to the series

because their soil temperature is higher than is

typical for the series. This difference, however,

does not significantly affect use and management

of the soils.

Associated soils: Nonaburg and Corryton soils

Typical Pedon

Needmore silt loam, in an area of Needmore-Corryton

complex, 5 to 12 percent slopes; from Athens,

1.2 miles southwest on Cedar Springs Road from the

intersection with Park Avenue, 500 feet east in a

hayfield; USGS Athens topographic quadrangle;

lat. 35 degrees 25 minutes 33 seconds N. and

long. 84 degrees 36 minutes 26 seconds W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silt loam; moderate fine granular structure; very

friable; many fine roots; 2 percent shale channers;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BE—7 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) silty

clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; few faint clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; 5 percent
McMinn County, Tennessee 197

shale channers; moderately acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt1—12 to 26 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay

loam; many medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) mottles; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium

and few coarse roots; few distinct clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; 5 percent shale

channers; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—26 to 31 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay;

few medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few fine roots; few distinct clay films

on faces of peds and in pores; 5 percent shale

channers; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3—31 to 35 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

channery clay; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; very few fine roots; few

distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores;

15 percent shale channers; slightly acid; abrupt

wavy boundary.

Cr—35 to 40 inches; soft, brownish, fractured, tilted,

calcareous shale.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 18 to 38 inches

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Channers and

pebbles of shale

Reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

BE horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—4 to 8

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of red, brown,

or yellow

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay, clay,

or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 25 percent

Cr horizon:

Brownish or yellowish, calcareous shale that is

tilted at an angle of more than 10 degrees

Neubert Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (in the Red Hills area)

Landscape position: Narrow flood plains and

intermittent drainageways

Parent material: Alluvium derived from quartzose

limestone and calcareous sandstone and shale

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive,

thermic Oxyaquic Eutrudepts

Associated soils: Alcoa, Tellico, Red Hills, and

Steekee soils on adjacent uplands

Typical Pedon

Neubert loam, frequently flooded; 4.5 miles southeast

on County Road 480 from the intersection with U.S.

Highway 411 in Englewood, 65 feet southwest of

County Road 480, in a pine plantation adjacent to

Thompson Branch; USGS Englewood topographic

quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 22 minutes 55 seconds N.

and long. 84 degrees 27 minutes 31 seconds W.

A—0 to 6 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) loam;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and medium roots;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—6 to 10 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4)

sandy clay loam; weak and moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

and medium and few coarse roots; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw2—10 to 19 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/3)

sandy clay loam; weak and moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

and medium roots; few fine black weakly

cemented concentrations; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bw3—19 to 29 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4)

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine and medium roots; moderately

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw4—29 to 38 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4)

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine roots; few fine black weakly

cemented concentrations; moderately acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bw5—38 to 45 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4)

loam; common fine distinct gray (5YR 5/1) mottles;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few

fine roots; common fine black weakly cemented
198 Soil Survey

concentrations; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Agb—45 to 56 inches; dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2)

loam, brown (7.5YR 4/3) when exposed to air;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; few fine red concretions;

common fine and medium weakly cemented black

concentrations; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bgb—56 to 74 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loam; few medium distinct dark reddish brown

(5YR 3/4) mottles; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; many fine black weakly

cemented concretions; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 40 to more than 72 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 21 to 40 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles and

channers of quartzose limestone and calcareous

sandstone and shale

Concretions: Few to many, black or brown concretions

in the subsoil of most pedons

Reaction: Strongly acid to neutral

A horizon:

Hue—2.5YR or 5YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—2.5YR or 5YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—redoximorphic depletions having chroma

of 2 or less below a depth of 24 inches in some

pedons

Texture—dominantly loam, sandy clay loam, or

clay loam; some pedons have thin subhorizons

of silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Agb horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR or neutral

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—0 to 2

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of brown or

red

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bgb horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—0 to 2

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of brown or red

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Nonaburg Series

Depth class: Shallow

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Narrow ridge crests, shoulder

slopes, and side slopes

Parent material: Residuum derived from calcareous

shale and thin interbedded layers of limestone

Slope range: 5 to 60 percent

Taxonomic class: Clayey, mixed, active, thermic,

shallow Inceptic Hapludalfs

Associated soils: Needmore soils; areas of Rock

outcrop

Typical Pedon

Nonaburg silty clay loam, in an area of NonaburgNeedmore complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes, very

rocky; 2.4 miles east of Englewood on State Route 39,

about 0.1 mile southwest on County Road 477, about

0.25 mile southeast to the lower part of a side slope, in

a mixed forest; USGS Englewood topographic

quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 24 minutes 08 seconds N.

and long. 84 degrees 27 minutes 23 seconds W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; partially decomposed hardwood litter

and twigs.

A—0 to 2 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable;

many fine and medium roots; 5 percent shale

channers; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt—2 to 10 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) mottles; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; sticky; plastic; common

medium roots; few distinct clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; 10 percent shale channers;

slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

Cr—10 to 39 inches; soft, brownish, fractured, tilted,

calcareous shale.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to soft bedrock: 8 to 20 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Channers and

pebbles of shale
McMinn County, Tennessee 199

Reaction: Slightly acid to slightly alkaline

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 30 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 8

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay, silty clay,

or silty clay loam

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of red, brown,

or yellow

Content of rock fragments—2 to 30 percent

Cr horizon:

Brownish or yellowish, calcareous shale that is

tilted at an angle of more than 10 degrees

Pettyjon Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Upland depressions and

drainageways

Parent material: Mixed alluvium derived from

limestone, shale, and sandstone

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic

Dystric Fluventic Eutrudepts

Associated soils: Dewey, Etowah, and Waynesboro

soils on adjacent uplands

Typical Pedon

Pettyjon silty clay loam, occasionally flooded; 8.3 miles

south on U.S. Highway 11 from the intersection of

State Route 30 in Athens, 1,200 feet west in a

cornfield; USGS Calhoun topographic quadrangle; lat.

35 degrees 20 minutes 52 seconds N. and long. 84

degrees 43 minutes 20 seconds W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

moderate medium granular structure; very friable;

many very fine and fine roots; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bw1—7 to 18 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

very friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bw2—18 to 33 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;

few fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bw3—33 to 54 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3)

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few fine roots; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt4—54 to 61 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4)

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 40 to more than

60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 60 to 72 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles of chert

Reaction: Slightly acid or neutral

Ap horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of brown,

yellow, or red

Texture—loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

C horizon: (if it occurs)

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Mottles—in shades of brown, yellow, red, or gray

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, silt loam,

or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 20 percent

Red Hills Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (fig. 15)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (in the Red Hills area)

Landscape position: Side slopes and backslopes
200 Soil Survey

Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from

quartzose limestone and calcareous sandstone

and shale

Slope range: 25 to 80 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, parasesquic, thermic

Humic Dystrudepts

Associated soils: Alcoa, Neubert, Steekee, and

Tellico soils

Typical Pedon

Red Hills sandy loam, in an area of Red Hills and

Steekee soils, 35 to 80 percent slopes, rocky; about

6.9 miles east of Englewood on State Route 39, about

400 feet east of State Route 39, in a hardwood forest;

USGS Mecca topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees

21 minutes 38 seconds N. and 84 degrees 25 minutes

18 seconds W.

Oi—0 to 1 inch; undecomposed hardwood litter and

twigs.

A—1 to 4 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/3)

sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; very

friable; many fine and few coarse roots; 10 percent

soft sandstone pebbles; very strongly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bw1—4 to 16 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4)

gravelly sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine and common medium

roots; 15 percent soft sandstone cobbles and

pebbles; very strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bw2—16 to 26 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4)

very gravelly loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine roots; 40 percent soft

sandstone cobbles and pebbles; very strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Cr—26 to 32 inches; dark reddish brown, decalcified

quartzose limestone; many distinct dark red

(2.5YR 3/6) argillans ranging from 0.5 millimeter to

5 millimeters in thickness along relict fracture

planes.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to hard bedrock: More than 40 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Soft pebbles and

channers of decalcified quartzose limestone and

calcareous sandstone and shale

Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

A horizon:

Hue—2.5YR or 5YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy loam or

loam

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10R to 5YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—(if they occur) few or common, in shades

of yellow or brown

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy loam,

loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—5 to 40 percent

BC horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10R to 5YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—(if they occur) few or common, in shades

of yellow or brown

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, sandy

loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—5 to 45 percent

Cr horizon:

Soft, decalcified quartzose limestone, calcareous

sandstone, or shale

Rockdell Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Flood plains and drainageways

near cherty uplands

Parent material: Mixed alluvium derived from cherty

limestone and shale

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic class: Loamy-skeletal, siliceous, active,

thermic Dystric Fluventic Eutrudepts

Associated soils: Dewey, Fullerton, Bodine,

Corryton, Townley, and Coile soils on adjacent

uplands

Typical Pedon

Rockdell gravelly loam, occasionally flooded; about

5.5 miles west of Riceville on County Road 100 to the

intersection with County Road 110, about 600 feet

east and 190 feet south of County Road 110, near an

unnamed tributary of Rogers Creek; USGS Riceville

topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 26 minutes

03 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 43 minutes

55 seconds W.
McMinn County, Tennessee 201

Oi—1 inch to 0; partially decomposed leaves, twigs,

and roots.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loam;

weak fine granular structure; very friable; many

fine and few coarse roots; 20 percent chert gravel;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—10 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

gravelly loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and few coarse

roots; 35 percent chert gravel; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bw2—18 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

extremely gravelly loam; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine and few

medium roots; 60 percent chert gravel; few

coatings of manganese on rock fragments; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

C—29 to 41 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3)

very gravelly loam; few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; massive; friable; few

fine roots; 30 percent pebbles and 25 percent

cobbles of chert; common accumulations of

manganese; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt—41 to 60 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) very

cobbly clay loam; common medium distinct

yellowish red (5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

25 percent cobbles and 20 percent chert pebbles;

few accumulations of manganese; common

medium prominent light gray (2.5Y 7/2) iron

depletions throughout; moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 42 to 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles and cobbles

of mostly chert with some limestone, shale, and

sandstone

Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—10 to 40 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of brown,

yellow, or red

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, clay loam,

silt loam, or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—15 to 70 percent

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—in shades of brown, yellow, red, or gray

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, sandy

loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—15 to 70 percent

2Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5YR to 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—in shades of gray, brown, or yellow

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, loam,

clay, or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—15 to 70 percent

Shady Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Flood plains, drainageways, and

stream terraces, mostly along Conasauga Creek

Parent material: Mixed alluvium derived from

limestone, shale, and sandstone

Slope range: 2 to 12 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, subactive,

thermic Typic Hapludults

Associated soils: Etowah soils in landscape positions

similar to those of the Shady soils; Hamblen soils

on adjacent flood plains; Lostcove, Keener,

Fullerton, Dewey, Coile, Sunlight, and Apison soils

on adjacent uplands

Typical Pedon

Shady loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; 2.7 miles east of

Calhoun on State Route 163, about 1.3 miles south on

County Road 971, about 1.9 miles southeast on

County Road 950, about 1,000 feet south in a hayfield;

USGS Calhoun topographic quadrangle; lat. 35

degrees 15 minutes 33 seconds N. and long. 84

degrees 44 minutes 24 seconds W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak

medium granular structure; friable; many very fine

and fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—8 to 22 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

clay loam; few medium faint yellowish brown
202 Soil Survey

(10YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; common

fine flakes of mica; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—22 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine

flakes of mica; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

BC—36 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; many fine flakes of mica;

strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles and cobbles

of sandstone, limestone, chert, and shale

Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid in unlimed

areas

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 or 4 (horizons with value and chroma

of 3 are less than 6 inches thick)

Texture—loam or fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 or 6

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of brown

Texture—clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

C horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 or 6

Mottles—in shades of brown, yellow, red, or gray

Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

Steadman Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (mostly along Chestuee Creek)

Landscape position: Flood plains

Parent material: Mixed alluvium derived from shale

and limestone

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic

Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts

Associated soils: Bloomingdale soils in depressions;

Hamblen soils in landscape positions similar to

those of the Steadman soils; Corryton, Townley,

Coile, Dewey, Fullerton, and Bodine soils on

adjacent uplands

Typical Pedon

Steadman silty clay loam, frequently flooded; 6.2 miles

east of Etowah on County Road 660 (8th Street) from

the intersection with U.S. Highway 411, about

0.50 mile south on a gravel road to a pastured area,

200 feet west of Chestuee Creek; USGS Etowah

topographic quadrangle; lat. 36 degrees 19 minutes

11 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 37 minutes

12 seconds W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine roots; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bw1—7 to 19 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; few fine faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

and many medium distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bw2—19 to 27 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine soft

accumulations of manganese on faces of peds;

few fine faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bw3—27 to 36 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; many fine soft

accumulations of manganese on faces of peds;

few fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

C1—36 to 50 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) mottles; massive; friable; few fine roots; many

fine accumulations of manganese in the matrix;

common medium distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) iron depletions throughout; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

C2—50 to 61 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) mottles; massive; friable; many fine

accumulations of manganese in the matrix; many
McMinn County, Tennessee 203

fine and medium grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron

depletions throughout; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

C3—61 to 64 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; few

medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles;

massive; friable; many fine accumulations of

manganese in the matrix; common medium

distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron

depletions throughout; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 30 to more than 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 18 to 36 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles of chert

Reaction: Moderately acid to slightly alkaline

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—in shades of gray, brown, yellow, or red

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—in shades of gray, brown, yellow, or red;

some horizons are mottled and have no

dominant matrix color

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, silty

clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent

Steekee Series

Depth class: Shallow (fig. 16)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (in the Red Hills area)

Landscape position: Ridge crests, backslopes, and

side slopes

Parent material: Residuum derived from quartzose

limestone and calcareous sandstone and shale;

soil creep has affected the upper part of most

pedons on steep and very steep side slopes

Slope range: 12 to 80 percent

Taxonomic class: Loamy, parasesquic, thermic,

shallow Ruptic-Ultic Dystrudepts

Associated soils: Alcoa, Red Hills, and Tellico soils

on adjacent uplands; Neubert soils on adjacent

flood plains

Typical Pedon

Steekee sandy loam, in an area of Tellico-Steekee

complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes; 1.3 miles east on

State Route 310 from the intersection of U.S. Highway

411 and State Route 310, about 0.4 mile north on

County Road 536, about 4 miles north on County

Road 489, about 750 feet northeast on a ridge crest,

in a mixed hardwood forest; USGS Mecca topographic

quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 21 minutes 05 seconds N.

and 84 degrees 29 minutes 27 seconds W.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) sandy

loam; weak fine and medium granular structure;

very friable; many fine and medium and few

coarse roots; 5 percent sandstone gravel; very

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw/Bt—4 to 10 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4)

gravelly loam (Bw part); weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium

and common coarse roots; reddish brown (5YR

4/4) gravelly sandy clay loam (Bt part); weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and

medium and common coarse roots; few distinct

clay films on faces of peds; 20 percent sandstone

gravel; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

C/Cr—10 to 14 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) very

gravelly sandy clay loam (C part); moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

and medium and few coarse roots; few distinct

clay films on faces of peds and on faces of rocks;

50 percent sandstone pebbles and channers;

strongly acid; layers of brown, soft sandstone and

reddish brown shale (Cr part); clear wavy

boundary.

Cr—14 to 60 inches; interbedded light olive brown, soft

sandstone and reddish brown, weathered shale;

shale layer only about 1 inch thick.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: Less than 20 inches

Depth to soft bedrock: Less than 20 inches

Depth to hard bedrock: 20 to more than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles and

channers of quartzose limestone and calcareous

sandstone and shale

Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

A horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR
204 Soil Survey

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy loam or

loam

Content of rock fragments—5 to 40 percent

Bw/Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5YR to 7.5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy clay

loam, loam, clay loam, or fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

C horizon:

Hue—2.5YR to 7.5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy clay

loam, clay loam, sandy loam, loam, or, in some

pedons, sandy clay or clay

Content of rock fragments—5 to 50 percent

Cr horizon:

Interbedded layers of olive to brown, rotten

quartzose limestone and red to brown,

weathered argillaceous shale

Sunlight Series

Depth class: Shallow

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Narrow, convex ridge crests,

shoulder slopes, and side slopes

Parent material: Residuum derived from tilted,

interbedded siltstone, shale, and sandstone

Slope range: 5 to 60 percent

Taxonomic class: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive,

thermic, shallow Inceptic Hapludults

Associated soils: Apison soils

Typical Pedon

Sunlight channery sandy loam, in an area of SunlightApison complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes, very rocky; 8

miles west of Riceville on County Road 100, about

0.25 mile southwest on County Road 87, about 1,100

feet northwest to top of ridge, in a hardwood forest;

USGS Goodfield topographic quadrangle; lat. 35

degrees 27 minutes 26 seconds N. and long. 84

degrees 45 minutes 49 seconds W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; slightly decomposed hardwood leaf

litter.

A—0 to 3 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/3)

channery sandy loam; moderate fine granular

structure; very friable; many fine and few coarse

roots; 25 percent shale channers; very strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt—3 to 13 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) very

channery loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and few medium

roots; 45 percent shale channers; very strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Cr—13 to 40 inches; reddish, tilted, interbedded

siltstone, shale, and sandstone.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to soft bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to hard bedrock: 40 to more than

60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Channers

and pebbles of shale, siltstone, and

sandstone

Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

A horizon:

Hue—2.5YR to 10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy loam or

loam

Content of rock fragments—10 to 25 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5YR to 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of brown or

yellow

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, sandy

loam, clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent

Cr horizon:

Reddish to brownish, tilted, interbedded siltstone,

shale, and sandstone

Tasso Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part of the profile

and moderately slow in the lower part

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Footslopes, stream terraces, and

benches

Parent material: Alluvium or colluvium derived from
McMinn County, Tennessee 205

soils formed in cherty limestone or dolomite and in

the underlying residuum or old alluvium

Slope range: 2 to 12 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive,

thermic Fragic Paleudults

Associated soils: Bodine, Fullerton, and Dewey soils

on adjacent uplands; Hamblen soils on adjacent

flood plains

Typical Pedon

Tasso loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; 6.6 miles west on

State Route 30 from the intersection of State Highway

30 and I-75, about 940 feet southwest of State Route

30 and 150 feet northeast of a stream, in a pastured

area; USGS Riceville topographic quadrangle;

lat. 35 degrees 29 minutes 09 seconds N. and long. 84

degrees 44 minutes 54 seconds W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable;

many fine roots; 5 percent fine chert pebbles;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

BA—9 to 15 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

loam; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; 5 percent

fine chert pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt—15 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films

on faces of peds; 10 percent chert gravel;

common medium dark concretions; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btx—30 to 42 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

gravelly clay; few fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium angular blocky

structure; friable; 40 to 50 percent brittleness; very

few fine roots along faces of peds; common

distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay films on

faces of peds; common medium prominent light

gray (2.5Y 7/1) iron depletions on faces of peds;

common medium dark concretions; strongly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

2Bt—42 to 48 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) clay;

few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6)

mottles; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; 10 percent chert gravel; many

medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

iron depletions; few medium dark concretions;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2BC1—48 to 59 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay

loam; many medium prominent light yellowish

brown (2.5Y 6/3) mottles; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

medium prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

iron depletions; 10 percent fine chert pebbles;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2BC2—59 to 62 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

gravelly clay; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; 25 percent subrounded chert

pebbles; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 24 to 36 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles of

subrounded chert

Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

unlimed areas

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

BA horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture—loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 8

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam, loam, or clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Btx horizons:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—in shades of brown, yellow, red, or gray

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam,

loam, clay loam, or clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

2Bt and 2BC horizons:

Hue—2.5YR to 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—6 to 8

Mottles—in shades of brown, yellow, red, or gray

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay, clay loam,

silty clay loam, or, in some pedons, sandy clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent
206 Soil Survey

Tellico Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (in the Red Hills area)

Landscape position: Ridge crests, backslopes, and

side slopes

Parent material: Residuum derived from quartzose

limestone and calcareous sandstone and shale

Slope range: 5 to 65 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine, parasesquic, thermic Typic

Rhodudults

Associated soils: Alcoa and Steekee soils on

adjacent uplands; Neubert soils on adjacent flood

plains

Typical Pedon

Tellico loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes; 6.9 miles east of

Englewood on State Route 39, about 0.5 mile north of

the junction of State Routes 39 and 310 on State

Route 39, about 900 feet east of State Route 39, in a

hardwood forest; USGS Mecca topographic

quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 21 minutes 39 seconds N.

and long. 84 degrees 25 minutes 13 seconds W.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4)

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very

friable; many fine roots throughout; very strongly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—4 to 11 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine and few coarse roots

throughout; common distinct discontinuous clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; very strongly

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt2—11 to 17 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine and few coarse roots

throughout; many distinct continuous clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; very strongly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—17 to 25 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay;

strong medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine roots throughout; many

distinct continuous clay films on faces of peds and

in pores; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt4—25 to 44 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few very fine and fine roots throughout;

common distinct discontinuous clay films on faces

of peds and in pores; 2 percent subrounded

sandstone pebbles; very strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt5—44 to 61 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

few very fine and fine roots throughout; common

distinct discontinuous clay films on faces of peds

and in pores; 2 percent subrounded sandstone

pebbles; very strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

BC—61 to 70 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; very

strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 40 to more than 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles and

channers of quartzose limestone and calcareous

sandstone and shale

Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid in

unlimed areas

A horizon:

Hue—2.5YR or 5YR

Value—3

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—10R to 5YR

Value—3

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of brown or

yellow

Texture—clay, sandy clay, clay loam, or sandy clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

BC horizon:

Hue—2.5YR or 5YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of brown or

yellow

Texture—clay, sandy clay, clay loam, or sandy clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Toccoa Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys (in the Hiwassee River valley)

Landscape position: Flood plains
McMinn County, Tennessee 207

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active,

nonacid, thermic Typic Udifluvents

Associated soils: Shady soils on adjacent stream

terraces

Typical Pedon

Toccoa loam, occasionally flooded; in Polk County,

Tennessee; 1 mile south of the intersection of U.S.

Highway 411 and the Hiwassee River, 1.5 miles west

on a farm road, 0.25 mile west along the Hiwassee

River, 400 feet south of the river:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4)

loam; moderate medium granular structure; very

friable; many fine flakes of mica; slightly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

C—10 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loam; massive; very friable; few fine roots; many

fine flakes of mica; moderately acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Ab—26 to 34 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam;

massive; friable; few fine roots; many fine flakes of

mica; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bwb—34 to 48 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

3/4) loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; few

fine roots; many fine flakes of mica; moderately

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Cb—48 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loam; common fine distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) mottles; massive; friable; many

fine flakes of mica; moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to bedrock: More than 72 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 48 to 72 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles of quartzite

and sandstone

Reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid

Ap horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—4 to 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of brown or gray

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or loamy sand; silt

loam and silty clay loam, if they occur, generally

below a depth of about 40 inches

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Ab horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bwb horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—4 to 6

Mottles—in shades of brown or red

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Cb horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—in shades of brown or gray

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Townley Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Broad ridge crests and side

slopes in valleys

Parent material: Residuum derived from tilted and

fractured, acid shale

Slope range: 2 to 12 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic

Typic Hapludults

Associated soils: Corryton, Apison, and Coile soils

on adjacent uplands

Typical Pedon

Townley silt loam, in an area of Corryton-Townley

complex, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded; 1.6 miles

east of Riceville on County Road 713, about 0.6 mile

north on County Road 700, about 2.1 miles southeast

on County Road 655, about 0.3 mile south on County

Road 651, about 750 feet east of County Road 651,

in a loblolly pine plantation; USGS Calhoun

topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 21 minutes

36 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 37 minutes 52

seconds W.

Ap—0 to 5 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) silt loam;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;
208 Soil Survey

many fine and common medium roots; 2 percent

shale channers; strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—5 to 15 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay;

common medium prominent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/8) mottles; strong medium subangular

blocky and moderate medium angular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; many distinct clay

films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt2—15 to 24 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; few

fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; few

distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Cd—24 to 28 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay

loam; many medium prominent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/8) and many medium distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; massive; firm; few fine

roots; 2 percent shale channers; few manganese

stains on relict rock; very strongly acid; abrupt

irregular boundary.

C/Cr—28 to 44 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty

clay loam (C part); many medium prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and many medium

distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles;

massive; firm; few fine roots; 15 percent shale

channers; few manganese stains on relict rock;

very strongly acid; light olive brown, tilted and

fractured, sandy shale (Cr part); abrupt wavy

boundary.

Cr—44 to 50 inches; light olive brown, sandy shale.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Channers and

pebbles of shale and sandy shale

Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid in

unlimed areas

Ap horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 20 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—6 to 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of red, yellow, or

brown

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay, silty clay,

silty clay loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 20 percent

C horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—6 to 8

Mottles—(if they occur) in shades of red, yellow,

brown, or olive

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay, silty clay,

silty clay loam, clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 20 percent

Cr horizon:

Olive, brown, or yellow, fractured and tilted shale

Udorthents

Depth class: Deep and very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained to excessively drained

Permeability: Very slow to moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Uplands, flood plains, and

drainageways

Parent material: Varies depending upon the underlying

bedrock and source of soil material

Slope range: 0 to 12 percent

Typical Pedon

A typical pedon is not given because these soils vary

greatly. Most areas of these soils have been excavated

or filled. Udorthents have colors in shades of red,

yellow, brown, or gray. Their textures vary.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to bedrock: 40 to more than 60 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Vary; mostly pebbles,

channers, and cobbles of chert, shale, or

sandstone

Reaction: Extremely acid to neutral

Depth to seasonal high water table: 12 to more than

60 inches

Unicoi Series

Depth class: Shallow

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Physiographic area: Blue Ridge

Landscape position: Ridge crests, upper side slopes,

and steep side slopes

Parent material: Residuum derived from arkosic

sandstone
McMinn County, Tennessee 209

Slope range: 10 to 120 percent

Taxonomic class: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive,

mesic Lithic Dystrudepts

Associated soils: Harmiller and McCamy soils

Typical Pedon

Unicoi gravelly sandy loam, in an area of Unicoi-Rock

outcrop complex, 50 to 120 percent slopes; 9 miles

east of Englewood, 1.5 miles east on USDA Forest

Service Road 297, on a roadbank on the west side of

road, in a mixed forest; USGS Mecca topographic

quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 20 minutes 29 seconds N.

and long. 84 degrees 24 minutes 29 seconds W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; slightly decomposed leaves and

twigs.

Oe—0 to 1 inch; partially decomposed hardwood litter,

evergreen litter, and moss.

A—1 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly sandy

loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

common fine and few medium roots; 15 percent

arkosic sandstone gravel; strongly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bw—5 to 15 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) very

gravelly sandy loam; moderate medium granular

structure; friable; few coarse and common medium

roots; 50 percent arkosic sandstone gravel;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

R—15 to 20 inches; arkosic sandstone.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 7 to 20 inches

Depth to hard bedrock: 7 to 20 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Cobbles and pebbles

of arkosic sandstone

Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy loam or

loam

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—4 to 8

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy loam or

loam

Content of rock fragments—35 to 55 percent

R horizon:

Hard sandstone, arkosic sandstone, or

quartzite

Waynesboro Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Ridge crests, stream terraces,

and side slopes

Parent material: Old alluvium derived from sandstone,

shale, and limestone

Slope range: 2 to 12 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic

Paleudults

Associated soils: Dewey and Bradyville soils

Typical Pedon

Waynesboro clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes,

eroded; 0.5 mile east of Etowah on State Route 310,

about 1.1 miles south on County Road 890, about

1 mile east on County Road 882, about 2,000 feet

west of County Road 882, in a pastured area; USGS

Etowah topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 18

minutes 26 seconds N. and 84 degrees 30 minutes 49

seconds W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay loam;

moderate medium granular structure; friable; many

fine roots; 2 percent rounded quartzite pebbles;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—7 to 28 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine roots; common distinct clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; few fine

manganese concretions; 2 percent rounded

quartzite pebbles; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—28 to 44 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) clay; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

few fine roots; many distinct clay films on faces

of peds and in pores; common medium

manganese concretions; 2 percent rounded

quartzite pebbles; very strongly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bt3—44 to 79 inches; red (2.5YR 5/8) clay; strong

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many

distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores;

common fine manganese concretions; 5 percent

rounded quartzite pebbles; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches
210 Soil Survey

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles of

sandstone, quartzite, or chert

Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

unlimed areas

Ap horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5YR or 5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—6 or 8

Mottles—in shades of yellow or brown

Texture—clay or clay loam; sandy clay loam in the

upper part of some pedons

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Wolftever Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Physiographic area: Southern Appalachian Ridges

and Valleys

Landscape position: Low stream terraces, flood plains,

and drainageways

Parent material: Mixed alluvium

Slope range: 1 to 12 percent

Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic

Aquic Hapludults

Associated soils: Coile, Townley, and Corryton soils

on adjacent uplands

Typical Pedon

Wolftever silt loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, occasionally

flooded; 1.4 miles west on State Route 30 from the

intersection with U.S. Highway 11 in Athens,

1.25 miles west on County Road 625, about 625 feet

west in a hayfield; USGS Riceville topographic

quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 28 minutes 14 seconds N.

and 84 degrees 37 minutes 56 seconds W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam;

moderate medium granular structure; very friable;

many fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

BA—8 to 16 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) silt

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few fine roots; few fine manganese

concretions; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—16 to 30 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) silty

clay; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) mottles; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common

distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores;

few medium manganese concretions; common

fine prominent light gray (10YR 7/2) iron

depletions in the lower part; strongly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bt2—30 to 40 inches; olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) silty clay;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; very few fine roots; common distinct clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; common fine

prominent light greenish gray (10BG 7/1) iron

depletions; strongly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

BC—40 to 60 inches; olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) silty clay;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm;

common fine prominent light greenish gray (5BG

8/1) iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

CB—60 to 72 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) silty clay;

many medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR

6/8) mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces

of peds and in pores; common fine prominent light

greenish gray (10GY 7/1) iron depletions; strongly

acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 25 to 41 inches

Size and kind of rock fragments: Pebbles of chert and

sandstone

Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

unlimed areas

Ap horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

BA horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 8

Mottles—in shades of yellow, gray, or brown
McMinn County, Tennessee 211

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

BC horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—in shades of yellow, gray, or brown

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

CB horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—3 to 6

Mottles—in shades of yellow, gray, or brown

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

213

This section relates the factors of soil formation to

the soils in McMinn County and explains the

processes of soil formation.

Factors of Soil Formation

Soil is a three-dimensional natural body consisting

of mineral and organic material that can support plant

growth. The nature and properties of any soil at a

given site are the results of the interaction of five

general factors—parent material, relief, climate, living

organisms, and time. Soils form as distinguishable

horizons, or layers, developed from weathered parent

material. Soil formation is determined by the

interaction of topography, climate, and dying

organisms over a period of time. All five factors are

active in the formation of every soil, but the relative

importance of each factor differs from soil to soil.

Theoretically, if all of these factors were identical at

different sites, the soils at these sites would be

identical. Differences among the soils are caused by

variations in one or more of the factors (Jenny 1941).

The five soil-forming factors and how they interact are

described in the following paragraphs.

Parent Material

Parent material is the unconsolidated material in

which a soil forms. It is a product of the weathering or

decomposition of underlying bedrock or transported

materials. Parent material influences the chemical,

mineral, and textural composition of the soils.

The main types of parent material in McMinn

County are residuum, which formed in place from

rocks similar to those of the underlying bedrock;

alluvium, which was moved and deposited by water;

and colluvium, which was moved by gravity and

deposited at lower elevations. Many soils formed in a

combination of these three types of parent material.

Residuum is the dominant parent material in the

uplands. Soils formed in residuum in McMinn County

generally formed in either cherty dolomite or

limestone; noncherty limestone or dolomite; quartzose

limestone or calcareous sandstone; acid shale;

calcareous shale; or slightly metamorphosed

sandstone, siltstone, or shale. A few examples of soils

and their associated bedrock are Fullerton and Bodine

soils, which formed in cherty limestone or dolomite;

Bradyville soils, which formed in noncherty or pure

beds of limestone or dolomite; Tellico and Red Hills

soils, which formed in quartzose limestone and

calcareous sandstone; Coile and Townley soils, which

formed in acid shale; Nonaburg and Needmore soils,

which formed in calcareous shale; McCamy soils,

which formed in slightly metamorphosed sandstone;

and Harmiller soils, which formed in metamorphosed

siltstone and shale.

Alluvium is the second most extensive parent

material in the county. Evidence of alluvial parent

material includes varying textures within the soil profile

and the presence of rounded or subrounded pebbles

or cobbles.

Soils formed in alluvial parent material can be

grouped into three relative categories—old,

intermediate, and young. These age groups are based

on landscape position and degree of development in

the soils.

Soils formed in old alluvium in the survey area are

on uplands in landscape positions similar to those of

soils formed in residuum. These old alluvial soils

generally have a considerable amount of sand.

Sometimes, the sand grains are rounded as a result of

being moved by water. Waynesboro soils formed in old

alluvium. The soil color, texture, development, and

other soil properties of soils formed in alluvium are

similar to those of many of the soils formed in

residuum. Dewey soils formed in a thin layer of old

alluvium and the underlying limestone or dolomite

residuum.

Soils formed in intermediate-aged alluvium are on

stream terraces along the Hiwassee River and other

major creeks and streams in the county. Most of these

areas are not subject to flooding or are only rarely

flooded. Shady and Bellamy soils formed in

intermediate-aged alluvium.

Young alluvial soils are mostly on flood plains and

along drainageways. Most of these soils are subject to

flooding. Soil material accumulates on the soil surface

during the flooding. Neubert, Hamblen, Steadman, and

Bloomingdale soils formed in young alluvium.

The largest single area of colluvial parent material

Formation of the Soils
214 Soil Survey

in McMinn County is in the eastern part of the county,

at the base of Starr Mountain. Lostcove and Keener

soils formed in this colluvium. Some areas of colluvial

soils are also in the Red Hills area and along the linear

cherty limestone and dolomite ridges that dissect the

county. Identification of the parent material is difficult in

areas that have a high content of chert. Minvale soils

are examples of colluvial soils associated with these

cherty limestone and dolomite ridges. The Fullerton

and Bodine soils in some of these areas possibly

formed mostly in colluvium.

Table 19 provides additional information about the

general relationships of soils in McMinn County and

their associated parent materials as related to the

geology of the area.

Relief

The relief of the landscape influences soil formation

in McMinn County mainly through its effect on

drainage, erosion, plant cover, and soil temperature.

Water moves down through the soil profiles of the

nearly level and gently sloping Hamblen and Etowah

soils. The seasonal high water table in Bloomingdale

soils is partly the result of relief. On steeper soils, such

as Fullerton and Bodine soils, water moves across the

soil surface with little water infiltrating the soil surface.

Relief has a major effect on erosion. On sloping to

very steep, unprotected soils, water runoff carries

away valuable topsoil and nutrients. Erosion or runoff,

or both, can remove soil much faster than it is formed.

On these soils, the infiltration rate is low, thus slowing

the processes of horizon differentiation. Additional

information about the formation of horizons is provided

under the heading “Processes of Horizon

Differentiation,” which is at the end of this section.

Temperature is also affected by relief. Relief

influences temperature mainly by controlling the

exposure and angle of the landscape to the sun. Since

temperature plays a major role in the rate of chemical

reactions, reactions in the soil can be faster or slower,

depending on the amount of sunlight the surface of the

soil receives. North and east exposures tend to be

more moist and cooler than south and west

exposures. As a result, soils on north- or east-facing

slopes generally have a lower degree of soil formation.

Climate

Climate affects the kind and number of plants and

animals on and in the soils, weathering of rocks and

minerals, susceptibility of soils to erosion, and the rate

of soil formation.

The climate of McMinn County is temperate and

humid. The average yearly temperature at a weather

station near Athens is about 57 degrees F. In winter

the average temperature is about 38 degrees F, and in

summer it is about 75 degrees F. Average annual

precipitation is about 57 inches. The precipitation is

fairly well distributed throughout the year.

Past climatic episodes played a large role in

weathering of the present soils. The rate of a chemical

reaction doubles for every 10 degrees C increase in

temperature. An abundance of moisture and warm

temperatures aid in leaching many soluble bases from

the soil and result in the formation of an acid subsoil,

which is common in McMinn County. Water moving

down through the soil profile carries clay minerals from

the surface layer into the subsoil. Most soils have a

higher content of clay in the subsoil than in the surface

layer. Waynesboro and Fullerton soils show

pronounced clay translocation.

For more detailed information about the climate,

see the section “General Nature of the County” and

tables 1, 2, and 3.

Living Organisms

Living organisms actively affect soil formation. They

include vegetation, bacteria, fungi, and animals.

Organisms are generally more active in areas of

grassland and forest. The vegetation in these areas

supplies organic matter, which gives soils a dark color

when it is decomposed. The nutrients are cycled or

transferred from the subsoil to the surface layer by the

vegetation. The bacteria and fungi help to decompose

organic matter and release minerals into the soil.

Worms, insects, and burrowing animals mix the soil

affecting soil tilth, structure, and porosity.

Human activities, such as tillage and other

management practices, affect the physical properties

of soil. The movement of vehicles causes surface

compaction and increases soil density. Applying lime,

fertilizer, insecticides, or herbicides alters the chemical

makeup of soil by increasing or decreasing the pH and

buffering capacity of the soil.

Time

Over time, the forces of climate, living organisms,

and relief help to weather parent material into soil. The

soils of McMinn County range in age from relatively

young to old. Soils formed in residuum range from the

relatively young Red Hills soils to the relatively old

Fullerton soils. Colluvial soils, such as Keener and

Lostcove soils, range in age between the Red Hills

and Fullerton soils. Soils formed in alluvium range

from the relatively young soils on flood plains, such as

Hamblen and Bloomingdale soils, to the older soils on

stream terraces, such as Waynesboro and Etowah

soils.

In younger soils, soil structure is weakly developed
McMinn County, Tennessee 215

and soil development is mostly expressed by soil color.

In older soils, the soil structure is well developed and a

higher degree of soil weathering is expressed by bright

colors and by clay accumulation from overlying

horizons.

Processes of Horizon Differentiation

The results of the factors of soil formation are

different layers, or horizons, in a soil profile. The soil

profile extends from the surface down to material that

shows little evidence of soil-forming processes.

Soil horizons are formed by the accumulation of

organic matter, the leaching of soluble constituents,

the chemical reduction and movement of iron, the

formation of soil structure, and the formation and

translocation of clay minerals. These processes often

take place simultaneously. In old soils they have been

going on for thousands of years. Most soils have three

major horizons—the A, B, and C horizons. Soils under

a forest canopy have an O (organic) horizon at the

surface. The O horizon consists of accumulated

organic material, such as twigs and leaves, or

humified organic material with a small amount of

mineral material. Numbers and letters can be used

within these major horizons. The Bt horizon, for

example, expresses the most strongly developed part

of a B horizon. The “t” represents an accumulation of

clay from overlying horizons (Buol, Hole, and

McCracken 1980).

Accumulation and incorporation of organic material

and decomposed plant residue mix into the soil,

darkening the mineral material to form the A horizon.

An Ap horizon is an A horizon that has been plowed or

has undergone some type of tillage practice. The E

horizon is a layer of maximum leaching, or eluviation,

of clay and iron. If considerable leaching has taken

place, an E horizon is formed. This horizon is normally

the lightest colored horizon in the profile.

The B horizon, which normally underlies the A

horizon, is the subsoil. It is the horizon of maximum

accumulation, or illuviation, of clay, iron, aluminum, or

other compounds. The B horizon commonly has a

blocky structure. It generally is less friable and lighter

in color than the A horizon but is darker in color than

the C or E horizon. Leaching of carbonates and other

soluble minerals forms a distinct subsoil. After

leaching, clay is translocated more easily and is

moved as part of the percolant (Simonson 1959).

In younger soils, such as Hamblen and Steadman

soils, a Bw horizon is formed mainly by the alteration

of the original parent material rather than by illuviation.

The alteration can be caused by physical weathering

of parent material, oxidation of iron to give a brighter

color, or development of soil structure that does not

reflect the original rock or sediment structure.

Tellico and Dewey soils are older soils that have a

Bt horizon. Clay was leached from overlying horizons

and deposited in the B horizon as a result of

flocculation and drying of percolating water. Soils with

Bt horizons that have a dark red color indicate a

presence of iron oxide. In a study by M. Oliver of the

Tellico-Red Hills-Nonaburg general soil map unit, a

direct relationship was found between the amount of

iron oxide, clay content, redder soil colors, and the

degree of soil formation (Oliver 1997). A brighter

colored or brown subsoil is also indicative of naturally

well drained soils in the survey area, such as

Waynesboro and Corryton soils. An imperfectly

drained soil has periods of anaerobic conditions. When

soils become anaerobic, iron reduction occurs which

causes gray or olive colors to develop in the soil

profile. If the gray color is dominant in a soil horizon,

then this horizon is given a designation such as Bg or

Btg.

The C horizon is below the A or B horizon. It

consists of material that has undergone limited soilforming processes but can be modified by weathering.

In young soils, such as Toccoa soils, which formed in

recent alluvium, the C horizon is directly below the A

horizon. Most young soils do not have a B horizon

immediately below the A horizon.

217

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. 1986. Standard

specifications for highway materials and methods of sampling and testing. Ed. 14, 2

vols.

American Society for Testing and Materials. 1993. Standard classification of soils for

engineering purposes. ASTM Stand. D 2487.

Bacon S.R., E.W. Knobel, T.E. Beesley, B.L. Matzek, F. Austin, C. Jenkins, B. Nichols,

E.K. Yates, and A.B. Hamon. 1957. Soil survey of McMinn County, Tennessee. U.S. Dep.

Agric., Soil Conserv. Serv., Ser. 1948, No. 4.

Buol, S.W., F.D. Hole, and R.J. McCracken. 1980. Soil genesis and classification. 3d ed.

Byrum, Steven C. 1984. McMinn County, Tennessee: County history series. Edited by

Frank B. Williams, Jr.

Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands

and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-79/

31.

Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.

Federal Register. February 24, 1995. Hydric soils of the United States.

History of Tennessee. 1887. Goodspeed Publishing Company. (Reprinted in 1972)

Hurt, G.W., P.M. Whited, and R.F. Pringle, editors. 1996. Field indicators of hydric soils

in the United States.

Jenny, Hans. 1941. Factors of soil formation.

National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.

Oliver, M.C. 1997. An investigation of two landscapes on the Holston Limestone

Formation in McMinn County, Tennessee. M.S. thesis, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville.

Simonson, Roy W. 1959. Outline of a generalized theory of soil genesis. Soil Sci. Soc.

Am. Proc. 23: 152-156.

Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 18.

Soil Survey Staff. 1975. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making

and interpreting soil surveys. U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 436. (Revised in 1999)

References
218

Soil Survey Staff. 1996. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. U.S. Dep. Agric.,

Nat. Resour. Conserv. Serv. (Available in the State Office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service at 675 U.S. Courthouse, 801 Broadway, Nashville, TN 37203)

Soil Survey Staff. 1998. Keys to soil taxonomy. 8th edition. U.S. Dep. Agric., Nat. Resour.

Conserv. Serv.

Tennessee Department of Agriculture, Tennessee Agricultural Statistics Service Staff.

1995. Tennessee agriculture: The shape of the state.

Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. and Delaware

Dep. of Nat. Resour. and Environ. Control, Wetlands Sect.

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of

Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterw. Exp. Stn. Tech. Rep. Y-87-1.

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

1996. Soil survey laboratory methods manual. Soil Surv. Invest. Rep. 42.

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land

capability classification. U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 210.

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1980. National

forestry manual. (Available in the State Office of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service at 675 U.S. Courthouse, 801 Broadway, Nashville, TN 37203)

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1981. Land

resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States. U.S. Dep. Agric.

Handb. 296.

United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. 1952a. Geologic map of

the Athens quadrangle, Tennessee. Map GQ-19.

United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. 1952b. Geologic map of

the Niota quadrangle, Tennessee. (no GQ number)

United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, and Tennessee Division of

Geology. 1953. Geologic map of East Tennessee with explanatory text. Bull. 58, Part II.
219

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from

the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is

similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a

poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as

granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods

are aggregates produced by tillage or logging.

Alluvial fan. The fanlike deposit of a stream where it

issues from a gorge upon a plain or of a tributary

stream near or at its junction with its main stream.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage

required by one mature cow of approximately

1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1

month.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized

by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic

features.

Area reclaim (in tables). An area difficult to reclaim

after the removal of soil for construction and other

uses. Revegetation and erosion control are

extremely difficult.

Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by

an accumulation of illuvial clay.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in

inches, in a 40-inch profile or to a limiting layer is

expressed as:

Very low ............................................................ 0 to 2

Low ................................................................... 2 to 4

Moderate .......................................................... 4 to 6

High ........................................................ more than 6

Backslope. The geomorphic component that forms

the steepest inclined surface and principal

element of many hillsides. Backslopes in profile

are commonly steep, are linear, and may or may

not include cliff segments.

Base saturation. The degree to which material having

cation-exchange properties is saturated with

exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K),

expressed as a percentage of the total cationexchange capacity.

Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters

thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, lacustrine,

or marine sediment.

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at

the surface.

Bedrock-controlled topography. A landscape where

the configuration and relief of the landforms are

determined or strongly influenced by the

underlying bedrock.

Bisequum. Two sequences of soil horizons, each of

which consists of an illuvial horizon and the

overlying eluvial horizons.

Bottom land. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to flooding.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60

centimeters) in diameter.

Breast height. An average height of 4.5 feet above

the ground surface; the point on a tree where

diameter measurements are ordinarily taken.

Brush management. Use of mechanical, chemical, or

biological methods to make conditions favorable

for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition

from woody vegetation and thus allow understory

grasses and forbs to recover. Brush management

increases forage production and thus reduces the

hazard of erosion. It can improve the habitat for

some species of wildlife.

Cable yarding. A method of moving felled trees to a

nearby central area for transport to a processing

facility. Most cable yarding systems involve use of

a drum, a pole, and wire cables in an arrangement

similar to that of a rod and reel used for fishing. To

reduce friction and soil disturbance, felled trees

generally are reeled in while one end is lifted or

the entire log is suspended.

Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See

Crown.)

Glossary
220 Soil Survey

Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil

particles and in tiny spaces between particles.

Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds

capillary water in the soil.

Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a

landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent

material but have different characteristics as a

result of differences in relief and drainage.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.

The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,

magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100

grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some

other stated pH value. The term, as applied to

soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity

but is more precise in meaning.

Channery soil material. Soil material that is, by

volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of

sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as

much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) along the

longest axis. A single piece is called a channer.

Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation

through the use of chemicals.

Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or

more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen

hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal

plow depth.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less

than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural

class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,

less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40

percent silt.

Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron, manganese, and clay because of

the chemical reduction of iron and manganese

and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter.

Cobbly soil material. Material that is 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or partially rounded

rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil material

has 35 to 60 percent of these rock fragments, and

extremely cobbly soil material has more than 60

percent.

Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both,

moved by creep, slide, or local wash and

deposited at the base of steep slopes.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or establishing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control structures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil

or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern

or so small in area that it is not practical to map

them separately at the selected scale of mapping.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or

miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all

areas.

Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal

symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a

plane. They typically take the form of concentric

layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium carbonate,

iron oxide, and manganese oxide are common

compounds making up concretions. If formed in

place, concretions of iron oxide or manganese

oxide are generally considered a type of

redoximorphic concentration.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the effects of the soildepleting crops and practices. Cropping systems

are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving

practices in a conservation cropping system

include the use of rotations that contain grasses

and legumes and the return of crop residue to the

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not

invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface throughout the year.

Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion

and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to

deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes

resistance of soil material to rupture and to

penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of

puddled soil material; and the manner in which the

soil material behaves when subject to

compression. Terms describing consistence are

defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing

crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled

crops or summer fallow.

Control section. The part of the soil on which

classification is based. The thickness varies
McMinn County, Tennessee 221

among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that

part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches

and 40 or 80 inches.

Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that dissolves or weakens concrete or

uncoated steel.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Cross-slope farming. Deliberately conducting

farming operations on sloping farmland in such a

way that tillage is across the general slope.

Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including the

living branches and their foliage.

Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI).

The average annual increase per acre in the

volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the total

volume of the stand by its age. As the stand

increases in age, the mean annual increment

continues to increase until mortality begins to

reduce the rate of increase. The point where the

stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth

is called the culmination of the mean annual

increment.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting

grazing land for a prescribed period.

Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over

bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches

deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches;

moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to

20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.

Depth to rock (in tables). Bedrock is too near the

surface for the specified use.

Dip slope. A slope of the land surface, roughly

determined by and approximately conforming to

the dip of the underlying bedrock.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and

duration of wet periods under conditions similar to

those under which the soil formed. Alterations of

the water regime by human activities, either

through drainage or irrigation, are not a

consideration unless they have significantly

changed the morphology of the soil. Seven

classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—

excessively drained, somewhat excessively

drained, well drained, moderately well drained,

somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and

very poorly drained. These classes are defined in

the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material

through eluviation are eluvial; those that have

received material are illuvial.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary of

saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic).—Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated).—Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human

or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature,

such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp.

Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the

soil. The soil does not provide a source of gravel

or sand for construction purposes.

Fallow. Cropland left idle in order to restore

productivity through accumulation of moisture.

Summer fallow is common in regions of limited

rainfall where cereal grain is grown. The soil is

tilled for at least one growing season for weed

control and decomposition of plant residue.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide

plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper

balance, for the growth of specified plants when

light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth

factors are favorable.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a
222 Soil Survey

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3

days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary

capacity.

Fill slope. A sloping surface consisting of excavated

soil material from a road cut. It commonly is on the

downhill side of the road.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

Firebreak. Area cleared of flammable material to stop

or help control creeping or running fires. It also

serves as a line from which to work and to

facilitate the movement of firefighters and

equipment. Designated roads also serve as

firebreaks.

First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to frequent or occasional flooding.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a

stream and is subject to flooding unless protected

artificially.

Fluvial. Of or pertaining to rivers; produced by river

action, as a fluvial plain.

Foothill. A steeply sloping upland that has relief of as

much as 1,000 feet (300 meters) and fringes a

mountain range or high-plateau escarpment.

Footslope. The inclined surface at the base of a hill.

Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.

Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants

(underbrush) covering the ground in a forest.

Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition

and development because of given physical and

biological factors by which it may be differentiated

from other stands.

Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in

porosity and content of organic matter and low or

moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand.

A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots.

When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher

bulk density than the horizon or horizons above.

When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly under

pressure rather than to deform slowly.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming factors

responsible for the formation of the solum, or true

soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6

centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a

pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that is 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of

the material below the water table.

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by

running water and through which water ordinarily

runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a

gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is

an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to

be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser

depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary

tillage.

Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated

except by blasting or by the use of special

equipment that is not commonly used in

construction.

Hardpan. A hardened or cemented soil horizon, or

layer. The soil material is sandy, loamy, or clayey

and is cemented by iron oxide, silica, calcium

carbonate, or other substance.

High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and

corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue

from these crops can be used to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return large amounts of organic

matter to the soil.

Hill. A natural elevation of the land surface, rising as

much as 1,000 feet above surrounding lowlands,

commonly of limited summit area and having a

well defined outline; hillsides generally have

slopes of more than 15 percent. The distinction

between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and is

dependent on local usage.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to

the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation

of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey

Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are as

follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the
McMinn County, Tennessee 223

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was

originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main

feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or

some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A

horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying C

horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4)

a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but

it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less

stable part of the organic matter in mineral

soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff potential. The soil

properties that influence this potential are those

that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on

a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting

when the soil is not frozen. These properties are

depth to a seasonal high water table, the

infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged

wetting, and depth to a very slowly permeable

layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not

considered but are separate factors in predicting

runoff.

Igneous rock. Rock formed by solidification from a

molten or partially molten state. Major varieties

include plutonic and volcanic rock. Examples are

andesite, basalt, and granite.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or

roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is

absolutely impervious to air and water all the time.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement of

water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually

expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be

limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the

rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the

soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial

rate; the rate decreases with application time.

Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not a

constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in

inches per hour, is expressed as follows:

Less than 0.2 ............................................... very low

0.2 to 0.4 .............................................................. low

0.4 to 0.75 ......................................... moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 ................................................ moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ..................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 .......................................................... high

More than 2.5 ............................................. very high

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows for prolonged periods only when it

receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or other

surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay

content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Karst (topography). The relief of an area underlain by

limestone that dissolves in differing degrees, thus

forming numerous depressions or small basins.

Knoll. A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent

landforms.

Landslide. The rapid downhill movement of a mass of

soil and loose rock, generally when wet or

saturated. The speed and distance of movement,

as well as the amount of soil and rock material,

vary greatly.

Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches

(7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or

other material by percolating water.
224 Soil Survey

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for

silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from

these crops is not adequate to control erosion until

the next crop in the rotation is established. These

crops return little organic matter to the soil.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary

with the surrounding soil material and cannot be

removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds

making up masses are calcium carbonate,

gypsum or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide

or manganese oxide generally are considered a

type of redoximorphic concentration.

Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment

for seeding, brush management, and other

management practices.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in

mineralogical composition, chemical composition,

or structure by heat, pressure, and movement.

Nearly all such rocks are crystalline.

Metasedimentary rock. Sedimentary rock, such as

shale, siltstone, or sandstone, that has been

slightly altered by metamorphic processes, such

as heat and pressure. Such rocks retain much of

their original appearance and physical properties

but have altered mineralogic characteristics.

Examples are metasandstone and arkose.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation

and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the

upper part of the subsoil.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as

follows: abundance—few, common, and many;

size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—

faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the

greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5

millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15

millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse,

more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch).

Mountain. A natural elevation of the land surface,

rising more than 1,000 feet above surrounding

lowlands, commonly of restricted summit area

(relative to a plateau) and generally having

steep sides. A mountain can occur as a single,

isolated mass or in a group forming a chain or

range.

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a

color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of

4.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3.

(See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal

structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide are common compounds

making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of

iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered

types of redoximorphic concentrations.

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and

water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in

various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low ................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low .............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ....................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Pan. A compact, dense layer in a soil that impedes the

movement of water and the growth of roots. For
McMinn County, Tennessee 225

example, hardpan, fragipan, claypan, plowpan,

and traffic pan.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Pebble. A rounded or angular fragment of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6

centimeters) in diameter. A collection of pebbles is

referred to as gravel.

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.”

A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to

permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from

about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10

square meters), depending on the variability of the

soil.

Percolation. The downward movement of water

through the soil.

Percs slowly (in tables). The slow movement of water

through the soil adversely affects the specified

use.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water

or air to move downward through the profile. The

rate at which a saturated soil transmits water is

accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil

physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated

hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil

Survey Manual.” In line with conventional usage in

the engineering profession and with traditional

usage in published soil surveys, this rate of flow

continues to be expressed as “permeability.” Terms

describing permeability, measured in inches per

hour, are as follows:

Extremely slow ................................. 0.0 to 0.01 inch

Very slow ........................................ 0.01 to 0.06 inch

Slow.................................................. 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................. 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate ................................ 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid ............................ 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ............................................... 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................. more than 20 inches

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management, such

as slope, stoniness, and flooding.

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels

or pipelike cavities by water moving through the

soil.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil

directly below the plowed layer.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference in

size of the particles, density can be increased only

slightly by compaction.

Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth).

Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content

of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has

no properties restricting the penetration of roots to

this depth.

Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for

specific management purposes, under the

appropriate conditions of weather and soil

moisture and at the proper time of day.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending

through all its horizons and into the parent

material.

Proper grazing use. Grazing at an intensity that

maintains enough cover to protect the soil and

maintain or improve the quantity and quality of the

desirable vegetation. This practice increases the

vigor and reproduction capacity of the key plants

and promotes the accumulation of litter and mulch

necessary to conserve soil and water.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH

7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction

because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Ultra acid .............................................. less than 3.5

Extremely acid ........................................... 3.5 to 4.4

Very strongly acid ...................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid .......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline .......................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ........................................ 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ......................... 9.1 and higher

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron or

manganese oxide. An indication of chemical

reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.
226 Soil Survey

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a combination

of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been

removed. These zones are indications of the

chemical reduction of iron resulting from

saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced

matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alphadipyridyl, and other features indicating the

chemical reduction and oxidation of iron and

manganese compounds resulting from saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in

situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Regolith. The unconsolidated mantle of weathered

rock and soil material on the earth’s surface; the

loose earth material above the solid rock.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,

considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated

erosion. A rill generally is a few inches deep and

not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm

machinery.

Road cut. A sloping surface produced by mechanical

means during road construction. It is commonly on

the uphill side of the road.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a

diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated

by plant roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream

channels from an area. The water that flows off the

surface of the land without sinking into the soil is

called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil

before reaching surface streams is called groundwater runoff or seepage flow from ground water.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in

diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a

soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more

sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly

sand-sized particles.

Saprolite. Unconsolidated residual material

underlying the soil and grading to hard bedrock

below.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive

pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of

saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix

into an unlined auger hole.

Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal

flood plain (or first bottom) of a river.

Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles

deposited from suspension in water. The chief

kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate,

formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from sand;

shale, formed from clay; and limestone, formed

from soft masses of calcium carbonate. There are

many intermediate types. Some wind-deposited

sand is consolidated into sandstone.

Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through

the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified

use.

Sequum. A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon

and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See Eluviation.)

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are

almost alike, except for differences in texture of

the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Shale. Sedimentary rock formed by the hardening of a

clay deposit.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of

soil material from the land surface by the action of

rainfall and surface runoff.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The

mineral form is called quartz.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil

that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12

percent clay.

Siltstone. Sedimentary rock made up of dominantly

silt-sized particles.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,

and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land uses

in the survey area.

Sinkhole. A depression in the landscape where

limestone has been dissolved.

Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site
McMinn County, Tennessee 227

based on the height of the dominant stand at an

arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average

height attained by dominant and codominant trees

in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is

75 feet, the site index is 75.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. In

this survey, classes for simple slopes are as

follows:

Nearly level ......................................... 0 to 2 percent

Gently sloping ..................................... 2 to 5 percent

Sloping .............................................. 5 to 12 percent

Moderately steep ............................ 12 to 20 percent

Steep ............................................... 20 to 30 percent

Very steep .............................. 30 percent and higher

Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special

practices are required to ensure satisfactory

performance of the soil for a specific use.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds,

resulting from restricted permeability in the soil.

Small stones (in tables). Rock fragments less than 3

inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Small stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Soft bedrock. Bedrock that can be excavated with

trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers, and

other equipment commonly used in construction.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has

properties resulting from the integrated effect of

climate and living matter acting on earthy parent

material, as conditioned by relief over periods of

time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2

millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ....................................... 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ........................................... 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ............................................... 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ........................................ 0.10 to 0.05

Silt ........................................................ 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .................................................. less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the material below the solum. The living roots and

plant and animal activities are largely confined to

the solum.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60

centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24

inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are—platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates

longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with

rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular),

and granular. Structureless soils are either single

grained (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or

massive (the particles adhering without any

regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of

the solum below plow depth.

Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth,

ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB,

or EB) below the surface layer.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth

from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons,

considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions

of these horizons.

Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a

series recognized in the classification system.

Such soils are named for a series they strongly

resemble and are designated as taxadjuncts to

that series because they differ in ways too small to

be of consequence in interpreting their use and

behavior. Soils are recognized as taxadjuncts only

when one or more of their characteristics are

slightly outside the range defined for the family of

the series for which the soils are named.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a
228

field generally is built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily

flat or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the

sea.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material

that is too thin for the specified use.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related

to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The outermost inclined surface at the base

of a hill; part of a footslope.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most

favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily

rich in organic matter and is used to topdress

roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example,

zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils

in extremely small amounts. They are essential to

plant growth.

Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than

the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the

lowlands along streams.

Water bars. Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional

areas that are excavated at an angle across a

sloping road. They are used to reduce the

downward velocity of water and divert it off and

away from the road surface. Water bars can easily

be driven over if constructed properly.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by

the wind.
229

Tables
230 Soil Survey

Table 1.--Temperature and Precipitation

 (Recorded in the period 1962-90 at Athens, Tennessee.)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 | Temperature | Precipitation

 |_________________________________________________________|_____________________________________

 | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10|Average|

 | | | | 10 will have-- | Average | | will have-- |number | _______________________ _____________

 Month |Average|Average|Average| | |number of|Average| | |of days|Average

 | daily | daily | | Maximum | Minimum | growing | | Less | More | with | snow-

 |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| degree | |than--|than--| 0.10 | fall

 | | | | higher | lower | days* | | | |inch or|

 | | | | than-- | than-- | | | | | more |

_________|_______|_______|_______|___________|___________|_________|_______|______|______|_______|_______

 | o | o | o | o | o | | | | | |

 | F | F | F | F | F | Units | In | In | In | | In

 | | | | | | | | | | |

January--| 46.3 | 24.4 | 35.4 | 70 | -4 | 72 | 5.67 | 3.40| 7.71| 8 | 3.5

 | | | | | | | | | | |

February-| 50.6 | 26.7 | 38.7 | 74 | 2 | 101 | 4.67 | 2.52| 6.56| 7 | 1.9

 | | | | | | | | | | |

March----| 61.2 | 35.8 | 48.5 | 82 | 14 | 295 | 6.40 | 3.37| 9.05| 8 | .3

 | | | | | | | | | | |

April----| 70.9 | 44.0 | 57.5 | 88 | 25 | 526 | 4.75 | 3.02| 6.32| 7 | .4

 | | | | | | | | | | |

May------| 78.5 | 52.4 | 65.4 | 91 | 34 | 789 | 4.88 | 2.50| 6.95| 7 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

June-----| 85.7 | 60.7 | 73.2 | 96 | 44 | 995 | 3.65 | 1.98| 5.13| 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

July-----| 88.3 | 64.7 | 76.5 | 98 | 53 | 1,132 | 4.96 | 2.60| 7.03| 8 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

August---| 87.5 | 64.0 | 75.7 | 97 | 53 | 1,106 | 4.20 | 2.10| 6.02| 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

September| 81.8 | 57.6 | 69.7 | 94 | 39 | 890 | 4.23 | 2.07| 6.10| 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

October--| 71.5 | 44.2 | 57.8 | 85 | 27 | 553 | 3.60 | 2.19| 5.11| 5 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

November-| 60.6 | 36.0 | 48.3 | 79 | 17 | 277 | 4.83 | 3.19| 6.33| 7 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

December-| 50.3 | 28.1 | 39.2 | 72 | 6 | 115 | 5.22 | 2.76| 7.38| 8 | .3

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average-| 69.4 | 44.9 | 57.2 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Extreme-| 105 | -16 | --- | 99 | -5 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Total---| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6,851 | 57.06 | 44.21| 65.35| 83 | 6.3

_________|_______|_______|_______|___________|___________|_________|_______|______|______|_______|_______

 * A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding

the maximum and minumum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below

which growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (40 degrees. F)
McMinn County, Tennessee 231

Table 2.--Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

(Recorded in the period 1962-90 at Athens, Tennessee.)

_____________________________________________________________

 |

 | Temperature

 |__________________________________________

 Probability | 24o F | 28o F | 32o F

 | or lower | or lower | or lower

__________________|______________|_____________|_____________

 | | |

Last freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 5 | Apr. 15 | Apr. 27

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Mar. 31 | Apr. 10 | Apr. 23

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Mar. 20 | Apr. 1 | Apr. 14

 | | |

First freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Nov. 2 | Oct. 20 | Oct. 8

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Nov. 7 | Oct. 25 | Oct. 13

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Nov. 16 | Nov. 4 | Oct. 22

__________________|______________|_____________|_____________

Table 3.--Growing Season

(Recorded in the period 1962-90 at Athens,

 Tennessee.)

__________________________________________________

 |

 | Daily minimum temperature

 | during growing season

 |___________________________________

 Probability | Higher | Higher | Higher

 | than | than | than

 | 24o F | 28o F | 32o F

______________|____________|___________|__________

 | Days | Days | Days

 | | |

9 years in 10 | 219 | 199 | 171

 | | |

8 years in 10 | 226 | 204 | 177

 | | |

5 years in 10 | 239 | 216 | 190

 | | |

2 years in 10 | 252 | 227 | 202

 | | |

1 year in 10 | 259 | 233 | 209

______________|____________|___________|__________
232 Soil Survey

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | |

_______|_________________________________________________________________________|____________|________

 | | |

AaB2 |Alcoa loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded--------------------------------| 192 | *

AaC2 |Alcoa loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded-------------------------------| 1,546 | 0.6

AaD2 |Alcoa loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes, eroded------------------------------| 442 | 0.2

AcF |Apison-Coile complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes----------------------------| 1,628 | 0.6

AsC |Apison-Sunlight complex, 5 to 12 percent slopes--------------------------| 928 | 0.3

AsF |Apison-Sunlight complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes, very rocky-------------| 5,009 | 1.8

At |Atkins-Arkaqua complex, frequently flooded-------------------------------| 161 | *

BeB |Bellamy silt loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes---------------------------------| 885 | 0.3

Bm |Bloomingdale silty clay loam, occasionally flooded-----------------------| 4,853 | 1.8

BoC2 |Bodine gravelly silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded----------------| 10,753 | 3.9

BoD2 |Bodine gravelly silt loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes, eroded---------------| 10,173 | 3.7

BoF2 |Bodine gravelly silt loam, 25 to 60 percent slopes, eroded---------------| 2,265 | 0.8

BrE |Bradyville-Rock outcrop complex, 5 to 25 percent slopes------------------| 1,414 | 0.5

BrF |Bradyville-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 50 percent slopes-----------------| 365 | 0.1

CaF |Cataska very channery loam, 35 to 65 percent slopes, very rocky----------| 71 | *

CaG |Cataska very channery loam, 65 to 90 percent slopes, very rocky----------| 859 | 0.3

CgC |Coghill-Apison complex, 5 to 12 percent slopes---------------------------| 1,653 | 0.6

CgD |Coghill-Apison complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes--------------------------| 1,207 | 0.4

CnC2 |Coile silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded--------------------------| 14,570 | 5.3

CnD2 |Coile silt loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes, eroded-------------------------| 6,446 | 2.3

CnE3 |Coile silt loam, 5 to 35 percent slopes, gullied-------------------------| 1,427 | 0.5

CoC2 |Collegedale silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded--------------------| 24 | *

CrB |Corryton-Needmore complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes, rocky------------------| 441 | 0.2

CtB2 |Corryton-Townley complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded------------------| 4,176 | 1.5

CtC2 |Corryton-Townley complex, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded-----------------| 7,024 | 2.5

CUC |Corryton-Urban land complex, 2 to 12 percent slopes----------------------| 246 | *

DcB2 |Decatur silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded-------------------------| 626 | 0.2

DcC2 |Decatur silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded------------------------| 546 | 0.2

DcD2 |Decatur silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------| 6 | *

DeB |Dewey silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 603 | 0.2

DwC2 |Dewey silty clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded--------------------| 7,951 | 2.9

DwD2 |Dewey silty clay loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes, eroded-------------------| 4,674 | 1.7

DX |Dumps, landfills---------------------------------------------------------| 162 | *

DY |Dumps, pulpwood processing waste-----------------------------------------| 94 | *

Ea |Emory silt loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes, occasionally flooded-------------| 55 | *

Eo |Etowah loam, occasionally flooded, overwash------------------------------| 7,773 | 2.8

EtB |Etowah loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 1,594 | 0.6

EtC |Etowah loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 586 | 0.2

FcB2 |Fullerton clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------| 377 | 0.1

FgC2 |Fullerton gravelly silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded-------------| 29,686 | 10.7

FgD2 |Fullerton gravelly silt loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes, eroded------------| 27,281 | 9.9

FgE3 |Fullerton gravelly silt loam, 5 to 35 percent slopes, gullied------------| 884 | 0.3

FgF2 |Fullerton gravelly silt loam, 25 to 60 percent slopes, eroded------------| 8,531 | 3.1

FRC |Fullerton-Urban land complex, 2 to 12 percent slopes---------------------| 1,895 | 0.7

FRD |Fullerton-Urban land complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes--------------------| 963 | 0.3

Ha |Hamblen silt loam, occasionally flooded----------------------------------| 10,359 | 3.7

HrC |Harmiller loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 769 | 0.3

KeC |Keener-Lostcove complex, 3 to 12 percent slopes, very stony--------------| 195 | *

KeF |Keener-Lostcove complex, 35 to 50 percent slopes, very stony-------------| 1,517 | 0.5

LoD |Lostcove gravelly loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, stony-------------------| 1,728 | 0.6

LoE |Lostcove gravelly loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes, very stony--------------| 1,696 | 0.6

McD |McCamy loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes, rocky------------------------------| 292 | 0.1

MfF |Minvale and Fullerton soils, 25 to 45 percent slopes---------------------| 588 | 0.2

MnC |Minvale gravelly silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes-----------------------| 123 | *

MnD |Minvale gravelly silt loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes----------------------| 197 | *

NcC |Needmore-Corryton complex, 5 to 12 percent slopes------------------------| 2,404 | 0.9

Ne |Neubert loam, frequently flooded-----------------------------------------| 4,036 | 1.5

NnC |Nonaburg-Needmore complex, 5 to 12 percent slopes, very rocky------------| 2,166 | 0.8

NnD |Nonaburg-Needmore complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes, very rocky-----------| 4,079 | 1.5

NoF |Nonaburg-Needmore-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes----------| 1,191 | 0.4

Pe |Pettyjon silty clay loam, occasionally flooded---------------------------| 151 | *

PM |Pits, Mines, and Dumps---------------------------------------------------| 438 | 0.2

 | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
McMinn County, Tennessee 233

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | |

_______|_________________________________________________________________________|____________|________

 | | |

RhF |Red Hills and Steekee soils, 35 to 80 percent slopes, rocky--------------| 6,258 | 2.3

Rk |Rockdell gravelly loam, occasionally flooded-----------------------------| 7,179 | 2.6

RoF |Rock outcrop-Bradyville complex, 5 to 50 percent slopes------------------| 586 | 0.2

ShB |Shady loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 474 | 0.2

ShC |Shady loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 228 | *

St |Steadman silty clay loam, frequently flooded-----------------------------| 534 | 0.2

SuC |Sunlight-Apison complex, 5 to 12 percent slopes, very rocky--------------| 2,593 | 0.9

SuD |Sunlight-Apison complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes, very rocky-------------| 2,830 | 1.0

TaB |Tasso loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 1,996 | 0.7

TaC |Tasso loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 2,283 | 0.8

TeC |Tellico loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 3,292 | 1.2

TeE3 |Tellico loam, 5 to 35 percent slopes, gullied----------------------------| 1,133 | 0.4

ThF |Tellico-Red Hills complex, 25 to 65 percent slopes, rocky----------------| 5,430 | 2.0

TkD |Tellico-Steekee complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes-------------------------| 3,840 | 1.4

To |Toccoa loam, occasionally flooded----------------------------------------| 161 | *

TwB2 |Townley-Coile complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded---------------------| 3,212 | 1.2

UDC |Udorthents-Urban land complex, 2 to 12 percent slopes--------------------| 5,112 | 1.8

UnE |Unicoi gravelly sandy loam, 10 to 35 percent slopes, very rocky----------| 1,015 | 0.4

UoG |Unicoi-Rock outcrop complex, 50 to 120 percent slopes--------------------| 1,272 | 0.5

URC |Urban land, 2 to 12 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 815 | 0.3

UU |Urban land-Udorthents complex, rarely flooded----------------------------| 299 | 0.1

W |Water--------------------------------------------------------------------| 2,300 | 0.8

WaB2 |Waynesboro clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded----------------------| 4,101 | 1.5

WaC2 |Waynesboro clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded---------------------| 4,147 | 1.5

WbB2 |Waynesboro silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded----------------------| 1,755 | 0.6

WbC2 |Waynesboro silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded---------------------| 1,679 | 0.6

WNC |Waynesboro-Urban land complex, 2 to 12 percent slopes--------------------| 1,137 | 0.4

WoB |Wolftever silt loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, occasionally flooded---------| 5,822 | 2.1

WoC |Wolftever silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes------------------------------| 243 | *

 | |____________|________

 | Total---------------------------------------------------------------| 276,700 | 100.0

_______|_________________________________________________________________________|____________|________

 * Less than 0.05 percent. The combined extent of the soils assigned an asterisk in the “Percent”

column is about 0.9 percent of the survey area.
234 Soil Survey

Table 5a.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Silage

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. They are for nonirrigated

 areas. Absence of a yield indicates that the soil is not suited to the crop or the crop

 generally is not grown on the soil.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn |Corn silage |Small grain | Soybeans | Wheat

 and soil name | capability | | | silage | |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Bu | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu

 | | | | | |

AaB2: | | | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------| 2e | 95.00 | 19.00 | 8.00 | 33.00 | 52.00

 | | | | | |

AaC2: | | | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------| 3e | 80.00 | 16.00 | 7.50 | 29.00 | 48.00

 | | | | | |

AaD2: | | | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------| 4e | 72.00 | 14.00 | 7.00 | 27.00 | 45.00

 | | | | | |

AcF: | | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

AsC: | | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 3e | 80.00 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

AsF: | | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

At: | | | | | |

 Atkins------------------| 4w | 100.00 | 20.00 | --- | 33.00 | ---

 | | | | | |

 Arkaqua-----------------| 3w | 115.00 | 23.00 | --- | 40.00 | 35.00

 | | | | | |

BeB: | | | | | |

 Bellamy-----------------| 2e | 105.00 | 21.00 | 8.50 | 38.00 | 55.00

 | | | | | |

Bm: | | | | | |

 Bloomingdale------------| 4w | 85.00 | --- | --- | 38.00 | ---

 | | | | | |

BoC2: | | | | | |

 Bodine------------------| 4s | 72.00 | 14.00 | 6.00 | 26.00 | 38.00

 | | | | | |

BoD2: | | | | | |

 Bodine------------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

BoF2: | | | | | |

 Bodine------------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

BrE: | | | | | |

 Bradyville--------------| 4e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

BrF: | | | | | |

 Bradyville--------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

CaF: | | | | | |

 Cataska-----------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 235

Table 5a.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Silage--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn |Corn silage |Small grain | Soybeans | Wheat

 and soil name | capability | | | silage | |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Bu | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu

 | | | | | |

CaG: | | | | | |

 Cataska-----------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

CgC: | | | | | |

 Coghill-----------------| 3e | 85.00 | 17.00 | 7.50 | 29.00 | 48.00

 | | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 3e | 80.00 | 16.00 | 7.00 | 25.00 | 45.00

 | | | | | |

CgD: | | | | | |

 Coghill-----------------| 4e | 75.00 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 4e | 70.00 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

CnC2: | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------| 4e | 50.00 | 10.00 | 4.60 | 20.00 | 30.00

 | | | | | |

CnD2: | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

CnE3: | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

CoC2: | | | | | |

 Collegedale-------------| 4e | 75.00 | 15.00 | 7.00 | 30.00 | 45.00

 | | | | | |

CrB: | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------| 2e | 90.00 | 18.00 | 7.00 | 30.00 | 45.00

 | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------| 3e | 60.00 | 12.00 | 5.50 | 24.00 | 35.00

 | | | | | |

CtB2: | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------| 2e | 90.00 | 18.00 | 7.00 | 30.00 | 45.00

 | | | | | |

 Townley-----------------| 3e | 60.00 | 12.00 | 5.50 | 24.00 | 35.00

 | | | | | |

CtC2: | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------| 3e | 80.00 | 16.00 | 7.00 | 30.00 | 45.00

 | | | | | |

 Townley-----------------| 4e | 60.00 | 12.00 | 5.50 | 24.00 | 35.00

 | | | | | |

CUC: | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------| 3e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

DcB2: | | | | | |

 Decatur-----------------| 2e | 115.00 | 23.00 | 8.50 | 35.00 | 55.00

 | | | | | |

DcC2: | | | | | |

 Decatur-----------------| 3e | 90.00 | 18.00 | 6.00 | 30.00 | 40.00

 | | | | | |

DcD2: | | | | | |

 Decatur-----------------| 4e | 80.00 | 16.00 | 6.00 | 30.00 | 40.00

 | | | | | |

DeB: | | | | | |

 Dewey-------------------| 2e | 105.00 | 21.00 | 8.50 | 35.00 | 55.00

 | | | | | |

DwC2: | | | | | |

 Dewey-------------------| 3e | 90.00 | 18.00 | 7.50 | 30.00 | 50.00

 | | | | | |

DwD2: | | | | | |

 Dewey-------------------| 4e | 85.00 | 17.00 | 7.00 | 28.00 | 45.00

 | | | | | |
236 Soil Survey

Table 5a.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Silage--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn |Corn silage |Small grain | Soybeans | Wheat

 and soil name | capability | | | silage | |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Bu | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu

 | | | | | |

DX: | | | | | |

 Dumps, landfills. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

DY: | | | | | |

 Dumps, pulpwood | | | | | |

 processing waste. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

Ea: | | | | | |

 Emory-------------------| 2w | 110.00 | 22.00 | 9.00 | 35.00 | 60.00

 | | | | | |

Eo: | | | | | |

 Etowah------------------| 2w | 110.00 | 22.00 | 8.50 | 35.00 | 55.00

 | | | | | |

EtB: | | | | | |

 Etowah------------------| 2e | 110.00 | 22.00 | 8.50 | 35.00 | 55.00

 | | | | | |

EtC: | | | | | |

 Etowah------------------| 3e | 95.00 | 19.00 | 8.50 | 32.00 | 55.00

 | | | | | |

FcB2: | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 2e | 80.00 | 16.00 | 7.50 | 30.00 | 50.00

 | | | | | |

FgC2: | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 3e | 70.00 | 14.00 | 6.00 | 26.00 | 40.00

 | | | | | |

FgD2: | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 4e | 65.00 | 13.00 | --- | 25.00 | 35.00

 | | | | | |

FgE3: | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

FgF2: | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

FRC: | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 3e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

FRD: | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 4e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

Ha: | | | | | |

 Hamblen-----------------| 2w | 95.00 | 19.00 | 7.50 | 38.00 | 48.00

 | | | | | |

HrC: | | | | | |

 Harmiller---------------| 4e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

KeC: | | | | | |

 Keener------------------| 3e | 95.00 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

KeF: | | | | | |

 Keener------------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

LoD: | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 237

Table 5a.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Silage--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn |Corn silage |Small grain | Soybeans | Wheat

 and soil name | capability | | | silage | |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Bu | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu

 | | | | | |

LoE: | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

McD: | | | | | |

 McCamy------------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

MfF: | | | | | |

 Minvale-----------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

MnC: | | | | | |

 Minvale-----------------| 3e | 80.00 | 16.00 | 7.00 | 30.00 | 45.00

 | | | | | |

MnD: | | | | | |

 Minvale-----------------| 4e | 60.00 | 12.00 | 6.00 | 30.00 | 40.00

 | | | | | |

NcC: | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------| 4e | 60.00 | 12.00 | 5.50 | 24.00 | 35.00

 | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------| 3e | 75.00 | 15.00 | 7.00 | 30.00 | 45.00

 | | | | | |

Ne: | | | | | |

 Neubert-----------------| 2w | 95.00 | 19.00 | 7.50 | 40.00 | 48.00

 | | | | | |

NnC: | | | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------| 4e | 60.00 | 12.00 | 5.50 | 24.00 | 35.00

 | | | | | |

NnD: | | | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

NoF: | | | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Pe: | | | | | |

 Pettyjon----------------| 2w | 120.00 | 24.00 | 7.50 | 42.00 | 50.00

 | | | | | |

PM: | | | | | |

 Pits, Mines, Dumps. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

RhF: | | | | | |

 Red Hills---------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Steekee-----------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Rk: | | | | | |

 Rockdell----------------| 3w | 65.00 | 13.00 | --- | 20.00 | 30.00

 | | | | | |

RoF: | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Bradyville--------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

ShB: | | | | | |

 Shady-------------------| 2e | 120.00 | 24.00 | 9.00 | 45.00 | 60.00

 | | | | | |
238 Soil Survey

Table 5a.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Silage--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn |Corn silage |Small grain | Soybeans | Wheat

 and soil name | capability | | | silage | |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Bu | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu

 | | | | | |

ShC: | | | | | |

 Shady-------------------| 3e | 120.00 | 24.00 | 9.00 | 45.00 | 60.00

 | | | | | |

St: | | | | | |

 Steadman----------------| 2w | 120.00 | 24.00 | 7.50 | 45.00 | 50.00

 | | | | | |

SuC: | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 3e | 80.00 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

SuD: | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 4e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

TaB: | | | | | |

 Tasso-------------------| 2e | 95.00 | 19.00 | 7.00 | 32.00 | 45.00

 | | | | | |

TaC: | | | | | |

 Tasso-------------------| 3e | 95.00 | 19.00 | 7.00 | 32.00 | 45.00

 | | | | | |

TeC: | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------| 3e | 85.00 | 17.00 | 7.00 | 30.00 | 45.00

 | | | | | |

TeE3: | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

ThF: | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Red Hills---------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

TkD: | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------| 4e | 70.00 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Steekee-----------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

To: | | | | | |

 Toccoa------------------| 2w | 110.00 | 22.00 | 8.50 | 40.00 | 55.00

 | | | | | |

TwB2: | | | | | |

 Townley-----------------| 3e | 60.00 | 12.00 | 5.50 | 24.00 | 35.00

 | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------| 4e | 50.00 | 10.00 | 4.60 | 20.00 | 30.00

 | | | | | |

UDC: | | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

UnE: | | | | | |

 Unicoi------------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

UoG: | | | | | |

 Unicoi------------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

URC: | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 239

Table 5a.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Silage--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn |Corn silage |Small grain | Soybeans | Wheat

 and soil name | capability | | | silage | |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Bu | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu

 | | | | | |

UU: | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

W: | | | | | |

 Water. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

WaB2: | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------| 2e | 90.00 | 18.00 | 6.00 | 30.00 | 40.00

 | | | | | |

WaC2: | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------| 3e | 80.00 | 16.00 | 6.00 | 28.00 | 40.00

 | | | | | |

WbB2: | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------| 2e | 100.00 | 20.00 | 7.00 | 35.00 | 45.00

 | | | | | |

WbC2: | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------| 3e | 90.00 | 18.00 | 6.00 | 30.00 | 40.00

 | | | | | |

WNC: | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------| 3e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

WoB: | | | | | |

 Wolftever---------------| 2w | 75.00 | 15.00 | 6.00 | 30.00 | 40.00

 | | | | | |

WoC: | | | | | |

 Wolftever---------------| 3e | 65.00 | 13.00 | 7.00 | 30.00 | 45.00

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________
240 Soil Survey

Table 5b.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Hay and Pasture

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. They are for

 nonirrigated areas. Absence of a yield indicates that the soil is not suited to the

 crop or the crop generally is not grown on the soil.)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Grass hay |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name | capability | | | hay | pasture

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | |

AaB2: | | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------| 2e | 3.50 | 2.70 | 3.20 | 8.10

 | | | | |

AaC2: | | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------| 3e | 3.20 | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

AaD2: | | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------| 4e | --- | 2.00 | 2.40 | 6.10

 | | | | |

AcF: | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Coile-------------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

AsC: | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 3e | --- | 2.20 | 2.50 | 6.00

 | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------| 6e | --- | 1.80 | 2.00 | 5.00

 | | | | |

AsF: | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

At: | | | | |

 Atkins------------------| 4w | --- | 2.50 | 3.00 | 6.50

 | | | | |

 Arkaqua-----------------| 3w | --- | 3.00 | 3.50 | 8.80

 | | | | |

BeB: | | | | |

 Bellamy-----------------| 2e | --- | 3.00 | 3.50 | 8.80

 | | | | |

Bm: | | | | |

 Bloomingdale------------| 4w | --- | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

BoC2: | | | | |

 Bodine------------------| 4s | --- | 1.50 | 1.80 | 4.60

 | | | | |

BoD2: | | | | |

 Bodine------------------| 6s | --- | 1.30 | 1.50 | 3.80

 | | | | |

BoF2: | | | | |

 Bodine------------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | 3.00

 | | | | |

BrE: | | | | |

 Bradyville--------------| 4e | --- | --- | --- | 5.50

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8s | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

BrF: | | | | |

 Bradyville--------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8s | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

CaF: | | | | |

 Cataska-----------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 241

Table 5b.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Hay and Pasture--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Grass hay |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name | capability | | | hay | pasture

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | |

CaG: | | | | |

 Cataska-----------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

CgC: | | | | |

 Coghill-----------------| 3e | --- | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 3e | --- | 2.20 | 2.60 | 6.60

 | | | | |

CgD: | | | | |

 Coghill-----------------| 4e | --- | 2.20 | 2.60 | 6.60

 | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 4e | --- | 2.00 | 2.30 | 5.80

 | | | | |

CnC2: | | | | |

 Coile-------------------| 4e | --- | 1.80 | 2.10 | 5.30

 | | | | |

CnD2: | | | | |

 Coile-------------------| 6e | --- | 1.50 | 1.70 | 4.30

 | | | | |

CnE3: | | | | |

 Coile-------------------| 7e | --- | 1.50 | 1.70 | 4.30

 | | | | |

CoC2: | | | | |

 Collegedale-------------| 4e | 3.20 | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

CrB: | | | | |

 Corryton----------------| 2e | 3.50 | 2.70 | 3.20 | 8.10

 | | | | |

 Needmore----------------| 3e | --- | 2.00 | 2.40 | 6.00

 | | | | |

CtB2: | | | | |

 Corryton----------------| 2e | 3.50 | 2.70 | 3.20 | 8.10

 | | | | |

 Townley-----------------| 3e | --- | 2.00 | 2.40 | 6.00

 | | | | |

CtC2: | | | | |

 Corryton----------------| 3e | 3.20 | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

 Townley-----------------| 4e | --- | 1.80 | 2.10 | 5.30

 | | | | |

CUC: | | | | |

 Corryton----------------| 3e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | |

 | | | | |

DcB2: | | | | |

 Decatur-----------------| 2e | 3.90 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 8.80

 | | | | |

DcC2: | | | | |

 Decatur-----------------| 3e | 3.90 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 8.80

 | | | | |

DcD2: | | | | |

 Decatur-----------------| 4e | --- | 2.70 | 3.20 | 8.10

 | | | | |

DeB: | | | | |

 Dewey-------------------| 2e | 3.90 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 8.80

 | | | | |

DwC2: | | | | |

 Dewey-------------------| 3e | 3.50 | 2.70 | 3.20 | 8.10

 | | | | |

DwD2: | | | | |

 Dewey-------------------| 4e | --- | 2.40 | 2.80 | 7.10

 | | | | |
242 Soil Survey

Table 5b.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Hay and Pasture--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Grass hay |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name | capability | | | hay | pasture

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | |

DX: | | | | |

 Dumps, landfills. | | | | |

 | | | | |

DY: | | | | |

 Dumps, pulpwood | | | | |

 processing waste. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Ea: | | | | |

 Emory-------------------| 2w | --- | 3.00 | 3.50 | 8.80

 | | | | |

Eo: | | | | |

 Etowah------------------| 2w | --- | 3.00 | 3.50 | 8.80

 | | | | |

EtB: | | | | |

 Etowah------------------| 2e | 3.90 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 8.80

 | | | | |

EtC: | | | | |

 Etowah------------------| 3e | 3.50 | 2.70 | 3.20 | 8.10

 | | | | |

FcB2: | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 2e | 3.20 | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

FgC2: | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 3e | 2.90 | 2.20 | 2.60 | 6.60

 | | | | |

FgD2: | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 4e | --- | 1.80 | 2.10 | 5.30

 | | | | |

FgE3: | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | 4.50

 | | | | |

FgF2: | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

FRC: | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 3e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | |

 | | | | |

FRD: | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 4e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Ha: | | | | |

 Hamblen-----------------| 2w | --- | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

HrC: | | | | |

 Harmiller---------------| 4e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

KeC: | | | | |

 Keener------------------| 3e | --- | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | 6.00

 | | | | |

KeF: | | | | |

 Keener------------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

LoD: | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | 5.00

 | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 243

Table 5b.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Hay and Pasture--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Grass hay |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name | capability | | | hay | pasture

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | |

LoE: | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

McD: | | | | |

 McCamy------------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

MfF: | | | | |

 Minvale-----------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | 6.00

 | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | 4.50

 | | | | |

MnC: | | | | |

 Minvale-----------------| 3e | 3.20 | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

MnD: | | | | |

 Minvale-----------------| 4e | --- | 2.20 | 2.60 | 6.60

 | | | | |

NcC: | | | | |

 Needmore----------------| 4e | --- | 1.80 | 2.20 | 5.60

 | | | | |

 Corryton----------------| 3e | 3.20 | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

Ne: | | | | |

 Neubert-----------------| 2w | --- | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

NnC: | | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------| 6s | --- | 1.50 | 1.80 | 4.60

 | | | | |

 Needmore----------------| 4e | --- | 1.80 | 2.20 | 5.60

 | | | | |

NnD: | | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------| 6s | --- | 1.50 | 1.80 | 4.60

 | | | | |

 Needmore----------------| 6e | --- | 1.60 | 1.90 | 4.80

 | | | | |

NoF: | | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Needmore----------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8s | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

Pe: | | | | |

 Pettyjon----------------| 2w | --- | 3.00 | 3.50 | 8.80

 | | | | |

PM: | | | | |

 Pits, Mines, Dumps. | | | | |

 | | | | |

RhF: | | | | |

 Red Hills---------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Steekee-----------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

Rk: | | | | |

 Rockdell----------------| 3w | --- | 2.20 | 2.60 | 6.60

 | | | | |

RoF: | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8s | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Bradyville--------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

ShB: | | | | |

 Shady-------------------| 2e | 3.90 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 8.80

 | | | | |
244 Soil Survey

Table 5b.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Hay and Pasture--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Grass hay |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name | capability | | | hay | pasture

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | |

ShC: | | | | |

 Shady-------------------| 3e | 3.50 | 2.70 | 3.20 | 8.10

 | | | | |

St: | | | | |

 Steadman----------------| 2w | --- | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

SuC: | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------| 6e | --- | 1.80 | 2.10 | 5.30

 | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 3e | --- | 2.20 | 2.60 | 6.60

 | | | | |

SuD: | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------| 7e | --- | 1.50 | 1.80 | 4.50

 | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 4e | --- | 2.00 | 2.40 | 6.10

 | | | | |

TaB: | | | | |

 Tasso-------------------| 2e | --- | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

TaC: | | | | |

 Tasso-------------------| 3e | --- | 2.20 | 2.60 | 6.60

 | | | | |

TeC: | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------| 3e | --- | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

TeE3: | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | 4.50

 | | | | |

ThF: | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | 4.50

 | | | | |

 Red Hills---------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | 3.50

 | | | | |

TkD: | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------| 4e | --- | 2.00 | 2.40 | 6.10

 | | | | |

 Steekee-----------------| 6e | --- | 1.50 | 1.80 | 4.60

 | | | | |

To: | | | | |

 Toccoa------------------| 2w | --- | 2.70 | 3.20 | 8.10

 | | | | |

TwB2: | | | | |

 Townley-----------------| 3e | --- | 2.00 | 2.40 | 6.00

 | | | | |

 Coile-------------------| 4e | --- | 1.80 | 2.10 | 5.30

 | | | | |

UDC: | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | |

 | | | | |

UnE: | | | | |

 Unicoi------------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

UoG: | | | | |

 Unicoi------------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8s | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

URC: | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | |

 | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 245

Table 5b.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Hay and Pasture--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Grass hay |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name | capability | | | hay | pasture

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | |

UU: | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | |

 | | | | |

W: | | | | |

 Water. | | | | |

 | | | | |

WaB2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------| 2e | 3.50 | 2.70 | 3.20 | 8.10

 | | | | |

WaC2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------| 3e | 3.20 | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

WbB2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------| 2e | 3.90 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 8.80

 | | | | |

WbC2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------| 3e | 3.50 | 2.70 | 3.20 | 8.10

 | | | | |

WNC: | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------| 3e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | |

 | | | | |

WoB: | | | | |

 Wolftever---------------| 2w | --- | 2.50 | 3.00 | 7.60

 | | | | |

WoC: | | | | |

 Wolftever---------------| 3e | --- | 2.20 | 2.60 | 6.60

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________
246 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Prime Farmland

(Only the soils considered prime farmland are listed. Urban or built-up areas of the soils listed are

 not considered prime farmland. If a soil is prime farmland only under certain conditions, the

 conditions are specified in parentheses after the soil name.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map | Soil name

symbol |

_______|_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

AaB2 |Alcoa loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded

BeB |Bellamy silt loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes

CtB2 |Corryton-Townley complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded

DcB2 |Decatur silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded

DeB |Dewey silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Ea |Emory silt loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes, occasionally flooded

Eo |Etowah loam, occasionally flooded, overwash

EtB |Etowah loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

FcB2 |Fullerton clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded

Ha |Hamblen silt loam, occasionally flooded

Ne |Neubert loam, frequently flooded (if protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during

 | the growing season)

Pe |Pettyjon silty clay loam, occasionally flooded

ShB |Shady loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

St |Steadman silty clay loam, frequently flooded (if protected from flooding or not frequently

 | flooded during the growing season)

TaB |Tasso loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

To |Toccoa loam, occasionally flooded

WaB2 |Waynesboro clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded

WbB2 |Waynesboro silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded

WoB |Wolftever silt loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, occasionally flooded

_______|_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity (Absence of an entry indicates that the component generally is not used for wood

_______________________________________________________________________________________________ | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | AaB2: | | | | | | |  Alcoa-------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | AaC2: | | | | | | |  Alcoa-------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | AaD2: | | | | | | |  Alcoa-------------------|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Severe |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | AcF: | | | | | | |  Apison------------------|Severe |Severe |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | |  Coile-------------------|Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 6 | | | | | |chestnut oak--------| 5 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 6 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 6 | | | | | | | AsC: | | | | | | |  Apison------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | 
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | AsC: | | | | | | |  Sunlight----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Slight |Virginia pine-------| 6 | | | | | |chestnut oak--------| 5 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | | | AsF: | | | | | | |  Apison------------------|Severe |Severe |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | |  Sunlight----------------|Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Slight |Virginia pine-------| 6 | | | | | |chestnut oak--------| 5 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | | | At: | | | | | | |  Atkins------------------|Slight |Severe |Severe |Moderate|Severe |American sycamore---| -- | | | | | |eastern cottonwood--| 10 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |pin oak-------------| 10 | | | | | |red maple-----------| -- | | | | | |sweetgum------------| 9 | | | | | | |  Arkaqua-----------------|Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Severe |black walnut--------| 10 | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 9 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 10 | | | | | | | BeB: | | | | | | |  Bellamy-----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |sweetgum------------| 9 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | Bm: | | | | | | |  Bloomingdale------------|Slight |Severe |Severe |Slight |Severe |American sycamore---| -- | | | | | |sweetgum------------| 8 | | | | | | | 
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | BoC2: | | | | | | |  Bodine------------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|chestnut oak--------| -- | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| -- | | | | | |red maple-----------| -- | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | | | BoD2: | | | | | | |  Bodine------------------|Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|chestnut oak--------| -- | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| -- | | | | | |red maple-----------| -- | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | | | BoF2: | | | | | | |  Bodine------------------|Severe |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|chestnut oak--------| -- | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| -- | | | | | |red maple-----------| -- | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | | | BrE: | | | | | | |  Bradyville--------------|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| -- | | | | | |eastern redcedar----| 4 | | | | | |hickory-------------| -- | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | BrF: | | | | | | |  Bradyville--------------|Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| -- | | | | | |eastern redcedar----| 4 | | | | | |hickory-------------| -- | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | 
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | CaF: | | | | | | |  Cataska-----------------|Moderate|Severe |Severe |Severe |Moderate|chestnut oak--------| 4 | | | | | |pitch pine----------| 4 | | | | | |scarlet oak---------| 4 | | | | | | | CaG: | | | | | | |  Cataska-----------------|Moderate|Severe |Severe |Severe |Moderate|chestnut oak--------| 4 | | | | | |pitch pine----------| 4 | | | | | |scarlet oak---------| 4 | | | | | | | CgC: | | | | | | |  Coghill-----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|chestnut oak--------| -- | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 8 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  Apison------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | CgD: | | | | | | |  Coghill-----------------|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|chestnut oak--------| -- | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 8 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  Apison------------------|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | CnC2: | | | | | | |  Coile-------------------|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 6 | | | | | |chestnut oak--------| 5 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 6 | | | | | | | 
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | CnD2: | | | | | | |  Coile-------------------|Severe |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 6 | | | | | |chestnut oak--------| 5 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 6 | | | | | | | CnE3: | | | | | | |  Coile-------------------|Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 6 | | | | | |chestnut oak--------| 5 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 6 | | | | | | | CoC2: | | | | | | |  Collegedale-------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | CrB: | | | | | | |  Corryton----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  Needmore----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |eastern redcedar----| 5 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | | | CtB2: | | | | | | |  Corryton----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  Townley-----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | | | 
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | CtC2: | | | | | | |  Corryton----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  Townley-----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6CUC: | | | | | | |  Corryton. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  Urban land. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | DcB2: | | | | | | |  Decatur-----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 8 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | DcC2: | | | | | | |  Decatur-----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 8 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | DcD2: | | | | | | |  Decatur-----------------|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 8 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | DeB: | | | | | | |  Dewey-------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | DwC2: | | | | | | |  Dewey-------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | DwD2: | | | | | | |  Dewey-------------------|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | DX: | | | | | | |  Dumps, landfills. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | DY: | | | | | | |  Dumps, pulpwood | | | | | | |  processing waste. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | Ea: | | | | | | |  Emory-------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |black cherry--------| -- | | | | | |black walnut--------| -- | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 9 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 8 | | | | | |white ash-----------| -- | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 10 | | | | | | | Eo: | | | | | | |  Etowah------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|American sycamore---| -- | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 9 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 8 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | EtB: | | | | | | |  Etowah------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|loblolly pine-------| 9 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 8 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | 
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | EtC: | | | | | | |  Etowah------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|loblolly pine-------| 9 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 8 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | FcB2: | | | | | | |  Fullerton---------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | FgC2: | | | | | | |  Fullerton---------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|chestnut oak--------| -- | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | FgD2: | | | | | | |  Fullerton---------------|Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|chestnut oak--------| -- | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | FgE3: | | | | | | |  Fullerton---------------|Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|chestnut oak--------| -- | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | FgF2: | | | | | | |  Fullerton---------------|Severe |Severe |Severe |Slight |Moderate|chestnut oak--------| -- | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | FRC: | | | | | | |  Fullerton. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  Urban land. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | 
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | FRD: | | | | | | |  Fullerton. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  Urban land. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | Ha: | | | | | | |  Hamblen-----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Severe |loblolly pine-------| 9 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 10 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | HrC: | | | | | | |  Harmiller---------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Virginia pine-------| -- | | | | | |black oak-----------| -- | | | | | |chestnut oak--------| 6 | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 7 | | | | | |hickory-------------| -- | | | | | |pitch pine----------| -- | | | | | |scarlet oak---------| 6 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 5 | | | | | | | KeC: | | | | | | |  Keener------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 8 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 11 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  Lostcove----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|eastern hemlock-----| -- | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 9 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |red maple-----------| -- | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 6 | | | | | |white oak-----------| -- | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 8 | | | | | | | KeF: | | | | | | |  Keener------------------|Severe |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 8 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 11 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | 
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | KeF: | | | | | | |  Lostcove----------------|Severe |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|eastern hemlock-----| -- | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 9 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |red maple-----------| -- | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 6 | | | | | |white oak-----------| -- | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 8 | | | | | | | LoD: | | | | | | |  Lostcove----------------|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|eastern hemlock-----| -- | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 9 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |red maple-----------| -- | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 6 | | | | | |white oak-----------| -- | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 8 | | | | | | | LoE: | | | | | | |  Lostcove----------------|Severe |Severe |Slight |Slight |Moderate|eastern hemlock-----| -- | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 9 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |red maple-----------| -- | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 6 | | | | | |white oak-----------| -- | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 8 | | | | | | | McD: | | | | | | |  McCamy------------------|Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |scarlet oak---------| 6 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 5 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 6 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 8 | | | | | | | MfF: | | | | | | |  Minvale-----------------|Severe |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | | | 
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | MfF: | | | | | | |  Fullerton---------------|Severe |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|chestnut oak--------| -- | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | MnC: | | | | | | |  Minvale-----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | MnD: | | | | | | |  Minvale-----------------|Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | NcC: | | | | | | |  Needmore----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |eastern redcedar----| 5 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | | |  Corryton----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | Ne: | | | | | | |  Neubert-----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |loblolly pine-------| 9 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 10 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | 
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | NnC: | | | | | | |  Nonaburg----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|chestnut oak--------| -- | | | | | |eastern redcedar----| 4 | | | | | | |  Needmore----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |eastern redcedar----| 5 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | | | NnD: | | | | | | |  Nonaburg----------------|Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Moderate|chestnut oak--------| -- | | | | | |eastern redcedar----| 4 | | | | | | |  Needmore----------------|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |eastern redcedar----| 5 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | | | NoF: | | | | | | |  Nonaburg----------------|Severe |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|chestnut oak--------| -- | | | | | |eastern redcedar----| 4 | | | | | | |  Needmore----------------|Severe |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |eastern redcedar----| 5 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | Pe: | | | | | | |  Pettyjon----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |American sycamore---| -- | | | | | |white oak-----------| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 10 | | | | | | | PM: | | | | | | |  Pits, Mines, Dumps. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | RhF: | | | | | | |  Red Hills---------------|Severe |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 6 | | | | | |chestnut oak--------| -- | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 6 | | | | | | | 
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | RhF: | | | | | | |  Steekee-----------------|Severe |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Slight |Virginia pine-------| 6 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 6 | | | | | | | Rk: | | | | | | |  Rockdell----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|American sycamore---| 9 | | | | | |common hackberry----| -- | | | | | |sweetgum------------| 9 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 10 | | | | | | | RoF: | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  Bradyville--------------|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| -- | | | | | |eastern redcedar----| 4 | | | | | |hickory-------------| -- | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | ShB: | | | | | | |  Shady-------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|black walnut--------| -- | | | | | |hickory-------------| -- | | | | | |northern red oak----| 8 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 8 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 10 | | | | | | | ShC: | | | | | | |  Shady-------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|hickory-------------| -- | | | | | |southern red oak----| 8 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 10 | | | | | | | St: | | | | | | |  Steadman----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |black walnut--------| -- | | | | | |northern red oak----| 8 | | | | | |white ash-----------| 8 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | 
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | SuC: | | | | | | |  Sunlight----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Slight |Virginia pine-------| 6 | | | | | |chestnut oak--------| 5 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | | |  Apison------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | SuD: | | | | | | |  Sunlight----------------|Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Slight |Virginia pine-------| 6 | | | | | |chestnut oak--------| 5 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | | |  Apison------------------|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | TaB: | | | | | | |  Tasso-------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | TaC: | | | | | | |  Tasso-------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | TeC: | | | | | | |  Tellico-----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 8 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | TeE3: | | | | | | |  Tellico-----------------|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 8 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | ThF: | | | | | | |  Tellico-----------------|Severe |Severe |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 8 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | |  Red Hills---------------|Severe |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 6 | | | | | |chestnut oak--------| -- | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 7 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 6 | | | | | | | TkD: | | | | | | |  Tellico-----------------|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 8 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |northern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | |  Steekee-----------------|Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Slight |Virginia pine-------| 6 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 6 | | | | | | | To: | | | | | | |  Toccoa------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|American sycamore---| -- | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 9 | | | | | |southern red oak----| -- | | | | | |sweetgum------------| 10 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 10 | | | | | | | 
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | TwB2: | | | | | | |  Townley-----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 7 | | | | | |loblolly pine-------| 7 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | | |  Coile-------------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|Virginia pine-------| 6 | | | | | |chestnut oak--------| 5 | | | | | |shortleaf pine------| 6 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 6 | | | | | | | UDC: | | | | | | |  Udorthents. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  Urban land. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | UnE: | | | | | | |  Unicoi------------------|Moderate|Severe |Moderate|Severe |Slight |Virginia pine-------| 5 | | | | | |chestnut oak--------| 5 | | | | | |pitch pine----------| 4 | | | | | |scarlet oak---------| 5 | | | | | | | UoG: | | | | | | |  Unicoi------------------|Severe |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Slight |Virginia pine-------| 5 | | | | | |chestnut oak--------| 5 | | | | | |pitch pine----------| 4 | | | | | |scarlet oak---------| 5 | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | URC: | | | | | | |  Urban land. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | UU: | | | | | | |  Urban land. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  Udorthents. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | W: | | | | | | |  Water. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | 
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | WaB2: | | | | | | |  Waynesboro--------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | WaC2: | | | | | | |  Waynesboro--------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | WbB2: | | | | | | |  Waynesboro--------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | WbC2: | | | | | | |  Waynesboro--------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | WNC: | | | | | | |  Waynesboro. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  Urban land. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | WoB: | | | | | | |  Wolftever---------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |sweetgum------------| 8 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |willow oak----------| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9 | | | | | | | 
Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Management concerns | Potential productivity  |____________________________________________|________________________ Map symbol and | | Equip- | | | | |  soil name |Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Sit | hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |ind | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___ | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | WoC: | | | | | | |  Wolftever---------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|loblolly pine-------| 8 | | | | | |southern red oak----| 7 | | | | | |sweetgum------------| 8 | | | | | |white oak-----------| 7 | | | | | |willow oak----------| 8 | | | | | |yellow poplar-------| 9_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|___
McMinn County, Tennessee 265

Table 8.--Recreational Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

AaB2: | | | | |

 Alcoa------------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

AaC2: | | | | |

 Alcoa------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

AaD2: | | | | |

 Alcoa------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

AcF: | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | erodes easily |

 | | | | |

 Coile------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

AsC: | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Sunlight---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

AsF: | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | erodes easily |

 | | | | |

 Sunlight---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | small stones | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

At: | | | | |

 Atkins-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | wetness | flooding | wetness | flooding

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Arkaqua----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | flooding | wetness | flooding | wetness | flooding

 | | | | |

BeB: | | | | |

 Bellamy----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

Bm: | | | | |

 Bloomingdale-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |
266 Soil Survey

Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

BoC2: | | | | |

 Bodine-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | small stones | small stones | slope | small stones | small stones

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

BoD2: | | | | |

 Bodine-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | small stones | small stones

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | slope

 | | | | |

BoF2: | | | | |

 Bodine-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | small stones | slope

 | | | | |

BrE: | | | | |

 Bradyville-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | | |

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

BrF: | | | | |

 Bradyville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

CaF: | | | | |

 Cataska----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | slope | small stones | | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

CaG: | | | | |

 Cataska----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | slope | small stones | | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

CgC: | | | | |

 Coghill----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | percs slowly | | |

 | | | | |

CgD: | | | | |

 Coghill----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

CnC2: | | | | |

 Coile------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

CnD2: | | | | |

 Coile------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 267

Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

CnE3: | | | | |

 Coile------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | slope

 | | | | |

CoC2: | | | | |

 Collegedale------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

CrB: | | | | |

 Corryton---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

 Needmore---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

CtB2: | | | | |

 Corryton---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

 Townley----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

CtC2: | | | | |

 Corryton---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

 Townley----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | slope

 | slope | slope | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

CUC: | | | | |

 Corryton---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

DcB2: | | | | |

 Decatur----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

DcC2: | | | | |

 Decatur----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

DcD2: | | | | |

 Decatur----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

DeB: | | | | |

 Dewey------------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

DwC2: | | | | |

 Dewey------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

DwD2: | | | | |

 Dewey------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |
268 Soil Survey

Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

DX: | | | | |

 Dumps, landfills-------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

DY: | | | | |

 Dumps, pulpwood | | | | |

 processing waste------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

Ea: | | | | |

 Emory------------------|Severe: |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | flooding | | flooding | | flooding

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

Eo: | | | | |

 Etowah-----------------|Severe: |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | flooding | | flooding | | flooding

 | | | | |

EtB: | | | | |

 Etowah-----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

EtC: | | | | |

 Etowah-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

FcB2: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

FgC2: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | |

 | | | | |

FgD2: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

FgE3: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | |

 | | | | |

FgF2: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

FRC: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | small stones

 | small stones | small stones | | |

 | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

FRD: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 269

Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

Ha: | | | | |

 Hamblen----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | flooding | wetness | flooding | | flooding

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

HrC: | | | | |

 Harmiller--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

KeC: | | | | |

 Keener-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | slope | | slope

 | | | | | large stones

 | | | | |

 Lostcove---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | slope | | small stones

 | | | | | large stones

 | | | | | slope

 | | | | |

KeF: | | | | |

 Keener-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

 Lostcove---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

LoD: | | | | |

 Lostcove---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

LoE: | | | | |

 Lostcove---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

McD: | | | | |

 McCamy-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

MfF: | | | | |

 Minvale----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | small stones

 | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

MnC: | | | | |

 Minvale----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | small stones | small stones | | | small stones

 | | | | |

MnD: | | | | |

 Minvale----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

NcC: | | | | |

 Needmore---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | slope

 | slope | slope | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Corryton---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | |

 | slope | slope | | |

 | | | | |
270 Soil Survey

Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

Ne: | | | | |

 Neubert----------------|Severe: |Slight |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | flooding | | flooding | wetness | flooding

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

NnC: | | | | |

 Nonaburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

 Needmore---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | slope

 | slope | slope | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

NnD: | | | | |

 Nonaburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Needmore---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

NoF: | | | | |

 Nonaburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Needmore---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Pe: | | | | |

 Pettyjon---------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate:

 | flooding | | | | flooding

 | | | | |

PM: | | | | |

 Pits, Mines, Dumps. | | | | |

 | | | | |

RhF: | | | | |

 Red Hills--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

 Steekee----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | slope

 | | | | |

Rk: | | | | |

 Rockdell---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | flooding | small stones | flooding | | flooding

 | | | | | small stones

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

RoF: | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Bradyville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

ShB: | | | | |

 Shady------------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 271

Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

ShC: | | | | |

 Shady------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

St: | | | | |

 Steadman---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | flooding | wetness | flooding | wetness | flooding

 | | flooding | | flooding |

 | | | | |

SuC: | | | | |

 Sunlight---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

SuD: | | | | |

 Sunlight---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | small stones | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

TaB: | | | | |

 Tasso------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

TaC: | | | | |

 Tasso------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | | slope

 | slope | slope | slope | |

 | | | | |

TeC: | | | | |

 Tellico----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

TeE3: | | | | |

 Tellico----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

ThF: | | | | |

 Tellico----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

 Red Hills--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

TkD: | | | | |

 Tellico----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

 Steekee----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

To: | | | | |

 Toccoa-----------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate:

 | flooding | | | | flooding

 | | | | |
272 Soil Survey

Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

TwB2: | | | | |

 Townley----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Coile------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

UDC: | | | | |

 Udorthents-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

UnE: | | | | |

 Unicoi-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | large stones

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | | slope

 | | | | |

UoG: | | | | |

 Unicoi-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | large stones

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | | slope

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

URC: | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

UU: | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

 Udorthents-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

W: | | | | |

 Water. | | | | |

 | | | | |

WaB2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro-------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

WaC2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

WbB2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro-------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

WbC2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

WNC: | | | | |

 Waynesboro-------------|Slight |Slight |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | | | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 273

Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

WoB: | | | | |

 Wolftever--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | | flooding

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

WoC: | | | | |

 Wolftever--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | slope

 | slope | slope | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________
274 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is

 applicable.)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow|Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | | |

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|________

 | | | | | | | | | |

AaB2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

AaC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

AaD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

AcF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Apison------------------|Very |Very |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------|Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Very |Fair |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | poor | | poor

AsC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Apison------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

AsF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Apison------------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------|Very |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

At: | | | | | | | | | |

 Atkins------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Arkaqua-----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

BeB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bellamy-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Bm: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bloomingdale------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

BoC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bodine------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

BoD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bodine------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

BoF2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bodine------------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

BrE: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bradyville--------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 275

Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow|Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | | |

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|________

 | | | | | | | | | |

BrE: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

BrF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bradyville--------------|Very |Very |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

CaF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cataska-----------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very

 | poor | | | poor | poor | poor | poor | | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CaG: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cataska-----------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very

 | poor | | | poor | poor | poor | poor | | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CgC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Coghill-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Apison------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CgD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Coghill-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Apison------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CnC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CnD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------|Very |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CnE3: | | | | | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------|Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Very |Fair |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | poor | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CoC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Collegedale-------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CrB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CtB2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Townley-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
276 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow|Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | | |

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|________

 | | | | | | | | | |

CtC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Townley-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CUC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

DcB2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Decatur-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

DcC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Decatur-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

DcD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Decatur-----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

DeB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dewey-------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

DwC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dewey-------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

DwD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dewey-------------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

DX: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dumps, landfills. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

DY: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dumps, pulpwood | | | | | | | | | |

 processing waste. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ea: | | | | | | | | | |

 Emory-------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Eo: | | | | | | | | | |

 Etowah------------------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

EtB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Etowah------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

EtC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Etowah------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 277

Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow|Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | | |

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|________

 | | | | | | | | | |

FcB2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

FgC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

FgD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

FgE3: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Very |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

FgF2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

FRC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

FRD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ha: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamblen-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

HrC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Harmiller---------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Good |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

KeC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Keener------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

KeF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Keener------------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------|Very |Very |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Very |Very |Good |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | poor | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

LoD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

LoE: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------|Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
278 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow|Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | | |

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|________

 | | | | | | | | | |

McD: | | | | | | | | | |

 McCamy------------------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

MfF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Minvale-----------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

MnC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Minvale-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

MnD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Minvale-----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

NcC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ne: | | | | | | | | | |

 Neubert-----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

NnC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

NnD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

NoF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------|Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Fair |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | poor | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------|Very |Very |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Pe: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pettyjon----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

PM: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, Mines, Dumps. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 279

Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow|Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | | |

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|________

 | | | | | | | | | |

RhF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Red Hills---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Steekee-----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Rk: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockdell----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

RoF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Bradyville--------------|Very |Very |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

ShB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Shady-------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

ShC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Shady-------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

St: | | | | | | | | | |

 Steadman----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

SuC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Apison------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

SuD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Apison------------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

TaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tasso-------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

TaC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tasso-------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

TeC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

TeE3: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

ThF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
280 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow|Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | | |

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|________

 | | | | | | | | | |

ThF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Red Hills---------------|Very |Very |Good |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

TkD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Steekee-----------------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

To: | | | | | | | | | |

 Toccoa------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

TwB2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Townley-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

UDC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

UnE: | | | | | | | | | |

 Unicoi------------------|Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

UoG: | | | | | | | | | |

 Unicoi------------------|Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

URC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

UU: | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

W: | | | | | | | | | |

 Water. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

WaB2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

WaC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

WbB2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 281

Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow|Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | | |

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|________

 | | | | | | | | | |

WbC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

WNC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

WoB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wolftever---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

WoC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wolftever---------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|________
282 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Building Site Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite

 investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating

 is applicable.)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | |

_________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | | |

AaB2: | | | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | | | | |

AaC2: | | | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | slope | slope | | |

 | | | | | |

AaD2: | | | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

AcF: | | | | | |

 Apison------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | slope | | | depth to rock

 | | | | | |

AsC: | | | | | |

 Apison------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | slope | depth to rock

 | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | | depth to rock |

 | | | | | |

AsF: | | | | | |

 Apison------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | | | |

At: | | | | | |

 Atkins------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | | |

 Arkaqua-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | | | wetness | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

BeB: | | | | | |

 Bellamy-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strength | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

Bm: | | | | | |

 Bloomingdale------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 283

Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | |

_________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | | |

BoC2: | | | | | |

 Bodine------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | slope | large stones | small stones

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope |

 | | | | | |

BoD2: | | | | | |

 Bodine------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | | | | slope

 | | | | | |

BoF2: | | | | | |

 Bodine------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | | | | slope

 | | | | | |

BrE: | | | | | |

 Bradyville--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | depth to rock | shrink-swell | depth to rock | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | slope | slope | | |

 | slope | | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

BrF: | | | | | |

 Bradyville--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

CaF: | | | | | |

 Cataska-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | | | |

CaG: | | | | | |

 Cataska-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | | | |

CgC: | | | | | |

 Coghill-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | |

 Apison------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | slope |

 | | | | | |

CgD: | | | | | |

 Coghill-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

 Apison------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

CnC2: | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | low strength | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | | slope |

 | | | | | depth to rock |

 | | | | | |
284 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | |

_________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | | |

CnD2: | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | | | |

CnE3: | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | slope | | slope | | | slope

 | | | | | |

CoC2: | | | | | |

 Collegedale-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | slope | slope | | |

 | | | | | |

CrB: | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | | |

CtB2: | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | | | | |

 Townley-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | | |

CtC2: | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | slope

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | |

 | | | | | |

 Townley-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | slope | slope | | | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | | |

CUC: | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | | | slope | |

 | | | | | |

 Urban land--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | | |

DcB2: | | | | | |

 Decatur-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

DcC2: | | | | | |

 Decatur-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | slope | slope | | slope |

DcD2: | | | | | |

 Decatur-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 285

Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | |

_________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | | |

DeB: | | | | | |

 Dewey-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | | | | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | |

DwC2: | | | | | |

 Dewey-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | slope

 | slope | slope | slope | | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

DwD2: | | | | | |

 Dewey-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

DX: | | | | | |

 Dumps, landfills--------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | | |

DY: | | | | | |

 Dumps, pulpwood | | | | | |

 processing waste-------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | | |

Ea: | | | | | |

 Emory-------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

Eo: | | | | | |

 Etowah------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | | | | | |

EtB: | | | | | |

 Etowah------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

EtC: | | | | | |

 Etowah------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

FcB2: | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | | | | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | |

FgC2: | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | slope | slope | | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

FgD2: | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

FgE3: | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |
286 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | |

_________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | | |

FgF2: | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

FRC: | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | small stones

 | too clayey | slope | slope | | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

 Urban land--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | | |

FRD: | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

 Urban land--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | | |

Ha: | | | | | |

 Hamblen-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | wetness | | wetness | | |

 | | | | | |

HrC: | | | | | |

 Harmiller---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | | |

KeC: | | | | | |

 Keener------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | slope | large stones | slope

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope | large stones

 | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones | small stones

 | | | | | | large stones

 | | | | | | slope

 | | | | | |

KeF: | | | | | |

 Keener------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones | slope

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope |

 | | | | | |

LoD: | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones | slope

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope |

 | | | | | |

LoE: | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones | slope

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope |

 | | | | | |

McD: | | | | | |

 McCamy------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 287

Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | |

_________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | | |

MfF: | | | | | |

 Minvale-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | | small stones

 | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

MnC: | | | | | |

 Minvale-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | slope | small stones

 | | | | | |

MnD: | | | | | |

 Minvale-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

NcC: | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | slope | slope | | | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | slope | low strength |

 | slope | slope | slope | | |

 | | | | | |

Ne: | | | | | |

 Neubert-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | | | wetness | | |

 | | | | | |

NnC: | | | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | low strength | depth to rock

 | | | | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | slope | slope | | | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | | |

NnD: | | | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

NoF: | | | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |
288 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | |

_________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | | |

Pe: | | | | | |

 Pettyjon----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | | | | | |

PM: | | | | | |

 Pits, Mines, Dumps. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

RhF: | | | | | |

 Red Hills---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

 Steekee-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | | slope

 | | | | | |

Rk: | | | | | |

 Rockdell----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | | | | | | small stones

 | | | | | | droughty

 | | | | | |

RoF: | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Bradyville--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

ShB: | | | | | |

 Shady-------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight

 | | | | | |

ShC: | | | | | |

 Shady-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

St: | | | | | |

 Steadman----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | | | wetness | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

SuC: | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | | depth to rock |

 | | | | | |

 Apison------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | slope | depth to rock

 | | | | | |

SuD: | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | | | |

 Apison------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

TaB: | | | | | |

 Tasso-------------------|Moderate: |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate: |Slight

 | wetness | | wetness | | low strength |

 | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 289

Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | |

_________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | | |

TaC: | | | | | |

 Tasso-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | wetness | slope | low strength | slope

 | wetness | | slope | | slope |

 | | | | | |

TeC: | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | slope | slope | | slope |

 | | | | | |

TeE3: | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

ThF: | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

 Red Hills---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

TkD: | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

 Steekee-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | | | |

To: | | | | | |

 Toccoa------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | flooding | | | | |

 | | | | | |

TwB2: | | | | | |

 Townley-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | low strength | depth to rock

 | | | | | depth to rock |

 | | | | | |

UDC: | | | | | |

 Udorthents--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | | |

 Urban land--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | | |

UnE: | | | | | |

 Unicoi------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | large stones

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | | | slope

 | | | | | |

UoG: | | | | | |

 Unicoi------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | large stones

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | | | slope

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |
290 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | |

_________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | | |

URC: | | | | | |

 Urban land--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | | |

UU: | | | | | |

 Urban land--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | | |

 Udorthents--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | | |

W: | | | | | |

 Water. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

WaB2: | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------|Moderate: |Slight: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight

 | too clayey | slope | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

WaC2: | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too clayey | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | | |

 | | | | | |

WbB2: | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------|Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight

 | too clayey | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

WbC2: | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

WNC: | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too clayey | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | |

 Urban land--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | | |

WoB: | | | | | |

 Wolftever---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | too clayey | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | wetness | | | | |

 | flooding | | | | |

 | | | | | |

WoC: | | | | | |

 Wolftever---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | wetness | slope | low strength | slope

 | wetness | slope | shrink-swell | | |

 | slope | | slope | | |

_________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________
McMinn County, Tennessee 291

Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

AaB2: | | | | |

 Alcoa------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | hard to pack

 | | slope | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

AaC2: | | | | |

 Alcoa------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | slope | hard to pack

 | slope | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

AaD2: | | | | |

 Alcoa------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | | | too clayey | | slope

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

AcF: | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope

 | | | | |

 Coile------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | slope | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

AsC: | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

 Sunlight---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | small stones

 | | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

AsF: | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Sunlight---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | small stones

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

At: | | | | |

 Atkins-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | seepage |

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

 Arkaqua----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

BeB: | | | | |

 Bellamy----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |
292 Soil Survey

Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

Bm: | | | | |

 Bloomingdale-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | hard to pack

 | wetness | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

BoC2: | | | | |

 Bodine-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | | |

BoD2: | | | | |

 Bodine-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | large stones | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | slope | slope | | |

 | | | | |

BoF2: | | | | |

 Bodine-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | | |

BrE: | | | | |

 Bradyville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | depth to rock | hard to pack

 | | | depth to rock | slope | too clayey

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

BrF: | | | | |

 Bradyville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | depth to rock | slope | hard to pack

 | slope | | slope | | too clayey

 | | | too clayey | | slope

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

CaF: | | | | |

 Cataska----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | seepage

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | small stones

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

CaG: | | | | |

 Cataska----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | seepage

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | small stones

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

CgC: | | | | |

 Coghill----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | slope | seepage | seepage | slope

 | slope | seepage | | |

 | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

CgD: | | | | |

 Coghill----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | seepage | slope | slope

 | slope | seepage | slope | seepage |

 | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 293

Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

CgD: | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope

 | | | | |

CnC2: | | | | |

 Coile------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

CnD2: | | | | |

 Coile------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

CnE3: | | | | |

 Coile------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

CoC2: | | | | |

 Collegedale------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | slope | hard to pack

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

CrB: | | | | |

 Corryton---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | | hard to pack

 | | | depth to rock | | too clayey

 | | | | |

 Needmore---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | depth to rock | hard to pack

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | too clayey

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

CtB2: | | | | |

 Corryton---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | | hard to pack

 | | | depth to rock | | too clayey

 | | | | |

 Townley----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | hard to pack

 | percs slowly | | | | too clayey

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

CtC2: | | | | |

 Corryton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | depth to rock | slope | hard to pack

 | | | too clayey | | too clayey

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

 Townley----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | too clayey

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

CUC: | | | | |

 Corryton---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | | hard to pack

 | | | depth to rock | | too clayey

 | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |
294 Soil Survey

Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

DcB2: | | | | |

 Decatur----------------|Slight |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Fair:

 | | seepage | too clayey | | hard to pack

 | | slope | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

DcC2: | | | | |

 Decatur----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | | | too clayey | | slope

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

DcD2: | | | | |

 Decatur----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

DeB: | | | | |

 Dewey------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | hard to pack

 | | slope | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

DwC2: | | | | |

 Dewey------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | slope | | too clayey | | too clayey

 | | | | | slope

 | | | | |

DwD2: | | | | |

 Dewey------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

DX: | | | | |

 Dumps, landfills-------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

DY: | | | | |

 Dumps, pulpwood | | | | |

 processing waste------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

Ea: | | | | |

 Emory------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | too clayey

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

Eo: | | | | |

 Etowah-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | too clayey

 | | | | |

EtB: | | | | |

 Etowah-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | too clayey

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

EtC: | | | | |

 Etowah-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | too clayey

 | slope | | too clayey | |

 | | | | |

FcB2: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | small stones

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 295

Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

FgC2: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | slope | | too clayey | |

 | | | | |

FgD2: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | small stones

 | | | | |

FgE3: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | small stones

 | | | | |

FgF2: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | small stones

 | | | | |

FRC: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | small stones

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

FRD: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | small stones

 | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

Ha: | | | | |

 Hamblen----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

HrC: | | | | |

 Harmiller--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | small stones

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

KeC: | | | | |

 Keener-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | large stones | seepage | seepage | slope | large stones

 | percs slowly | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

 Lostcove---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Poor:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | | large stones

 | | seepage | | |

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

KeF: | | | | |

 Keener-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | slope | slope

 | | slope | slope | |

 | | | | |
296 Soil Survey

Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

KeF: | | | | |

 Lostcove---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | slope | large stones

 | slope | seepage | slope | | slope

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

LoD: | | | | |

 Lostcove---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | slope | large stones

 | | seepage | | |

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

LoE: | | | | |

 Lostcove---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | slope | large stones

 | | seepage | | |

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

McD: | | | | |

 McCamy-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

MfF: | | | | |

 Minvale----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | small stones

 | | | | |

MnC: | | | | |

 Minvale----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | slope | | too clayey | | too clayey

 | | | | |

MnD: | | | | |

 Minvale----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

NcC: | | | | |

 Needmore---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | depth to rock | hard to pack

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | too clayey

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Corryton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | slope | hard to pack

 | | | depth to rock | | too clayey

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

Ne: | | | | |

 Neubert----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

NnC: | | | | |

 Nonaburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | depth to rock | hard to pack

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | too clayey

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 297

Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

NnC: | | | | |

 Needmore---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | depth to rock | hard to pack

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | too clayey

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

NnD: | | | | |

 Nonaburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | slope | depth to rock | too clayey | depth to rock | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Needmore---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | slope | depth to rock | too clayey | depth to rock | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

NoF: | | | | |

 Nonaburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | slope | depth to rock | too clayey | depth to rock | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Needmore---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | slope | depth to rock | too clayey | depth to rock | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Pe: | | | | |

 Pettyjon---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Good

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding |

 | | | | |

PM: | | | | |

 Pits, Mines, Dumps. | | | | |

 | | | | |

RhF: | | | | |

 Red Hills--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

 Steekee----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

Rk: | | | | |

 Rockdell---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | seepage

 | | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | | | | |

RoF: | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Bradyville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | slope | hard to pack

 | slope | | slope | | too clayey

 | | | depth to rock | | slope

 | | | | |
298 Soil Survey

Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

ShB: | | | | |

 Shady------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Good

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | seepage |

 | | | | |

ShC: | | | | |

 Shady------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Good

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | seepage |

 | slope | slope | | |

 | | | | |

St: | | | | |

 Steadman---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

SuC: | | | | |

 Sunlight---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | small stones

 | | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

SuD: | | | | |

 Sunlight---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | small stones

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

TaB: | | | | |

 Tasso------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | too clayey

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

TaC: | | | | |

 Tasso------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | too clayey | | too clayey

 | | | | |

TeC: | | | | |

 Tellico----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | depth to rock | hard to pack

 | slope | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

TeE3: | | | | |

 Tellico----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | | | | | slope

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

ThF: | | | | |

 Tellico----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | | | | | slope

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 299

Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

ThF: | | | | |

 Red Hills--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

TkD: | | | | |

 Tellico----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | | slope

 | | | | |

 Steekee----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

To: | | | | |

 Toccoa-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Good

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding |

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage |

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

TwB2: | | | | |

 Townley----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | hard to pack

 | depth to rock | | | | too clayey

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Coile------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

UDC: | | | | |

 Udorthents-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

UnE: | | | | |

 Unicoi-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | depth to rock | small stones

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

UoG: | | | | |

 Unicoi-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | depth to rock | small stones

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

URC: | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

UU: | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

 Udorthents-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |
300 Soil Survey

Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

W: | | | | |

 Water. | | | | |

 | | | | |

WaB2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | hard to pack

 | | slope | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

WaC2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | slope | | too clayey | | slope

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

WbB2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | hard to pack

 | | slope | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

WbC2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | slope | | too clayey | | slope

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

WNC: | | | | |

 Waynesboro-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | hard to pack

 | | slope | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | | |

WoB: | | | | |

 Wolftever--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | |

WoC: | | | | |

 Wolftever--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | | too clayey

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________
McMinn County, Tennessee 301

Table 12.--Construction Materials

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

AaB2: | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

AaC2: | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

AaD2: | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | |

AcF: | | | |

 Apison------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

 Coile-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock

 | slope | | | small stones

 | | | | slope

 | | | |

AsC: | | | |

 Apison------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Sunlight----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

AsF: | | | |

 Apison------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | |

 Sunlight----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

At: | | | |

 Atkins------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

 Arkaqua-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

BeB: | | | |

 Bellamy-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | too clayey | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

Bm: | | | |

 Bloomingdale------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |
302 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

BoC2: | | | |

 Bodine------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | large stones | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

BoD2: | | | |

 Bodine------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | large stones | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | slope | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

BoF2: | | | |

 Bodine------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

BrE: | | | |

 Bradyville--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | |

 | | | |

BrF: | | | |

 Bradyville--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | slope | | | small stones

 | | | | slope

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | |

 | | | |

CaF: | | | |

 Cataska-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | small stones | thin layer | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

CaG: | | | |

 Cataska-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | small stones | thin layer | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

CgC: | | | |

 Coghill-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

 Apison------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

CgD: | | | |

 Coghill-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | slope | | | slope

 | | | |

 Apison------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 303

Table 12.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

CnC2: | | | |

 Coile-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

CnD2: | | | |

 Coile-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

CnE3: | | | |

 Coile-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

CoC2: | | | |

 Collegedale-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

CrB: | | | |

 Corryton----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |

 Needmore----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

CtB2: | | | |

 Corryton----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |

 Townley-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

CtC2: | | | |

 Corryton----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

 Townley-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

CUC: | | | |

 Corryton----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |

 Urban land--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | |

DcB2: | | | |

 Decatur-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

DcC2: | | | |

 Decatur-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |
304 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

DcD2: | | | |

 Decatur-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

DeB: | | | |

 Dewey-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |

DwC2: | | | |

 Dewey-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |

DwD2: | | | |

 Dewey-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | shrink-swell | | | too clayey

 | slope | | |

 | | | |

DX: | | | |

 Dumps, landfills--------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | |

DY: | | | |

 Dumps, pulpwood | | | |

 processing waste-------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | |

Ea: | | | |

 Emory-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

Eo: | | | |

 Etowah------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

EtB: | | | |

 Etowah------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

EtC: | | | |

 Etowah------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

FcB2: | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | shrink-swell | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

FgC2: | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | shrink-swell | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 305

Table 12.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

FgD2: | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | shrink-swell | | | slope

 | slope | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

FgE3: | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | shrink-swell | | | slope

 | slope | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

FgF2: | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

FRC: | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | shrink-swell | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

 Urban land--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | |

FRD: | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | shrink-swell | | | slope

 | slope | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

 Urban land--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | |

Ha: | | | |

 Hamblen-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

HrC: | | | |

 Harmiller---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

KeC: | | | |

 Keener------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | large stones | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | large stones

 | | | |

 Lostcove----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | area reclaim

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

KeF: | | | |

 Keener------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | large stones

 | | | | slope

 | | | |
306 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

KeF: | | | |

 Lostcove----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | area reclaim

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

LoD: | | | |

 Lostcove----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | area reclaim

 | | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

LoE: | | | |

 Lostcove----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | area reclaim

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

McD: | | | |

 McCamy------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

MfF: | | | |

 Minvale-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Fullerton---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

MnC: | | | |

 Minvale-----------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

MnD: | | | |

 Minvale-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

NcC: | | | |

 Needmore----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

 Corryton----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |

Ne: | | | |

 Neubert-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 307

Table 12.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

NnC: | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | area reclaim | thin layer | thin layer | area reclaim

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | depth to rock | | | too clayey

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Needmore----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

NnD: | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | area reclaim | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | low strength | | | slope

 | depth to rock | | | too clayey

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Needmore----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | too clayey

 | | | |

NoF: | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | area reclaim | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | low strength | | | too clayey

 | slope | | | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

 Needmore----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | too clayey

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | |

 | | | |

Pe: | | | |

 Pettyjon----------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

PM: | | | |

 Pits, Mines, Dumps. | | | |

 | | | |

RhF: | | | |

 Red Hills---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Steekee-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | area reclaim | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | slope | | | thin layer

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

Rk: | | | |

 Rockdell----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Probable |Poor:

 | large stones | small stones | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

RoF: | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | |

 | | | |

 Bradyville--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | slope | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |
308 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

ShB: | | | |

 Shady-------------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

ShC: | | | |

 Shady-------------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

St: | | | |

 Steadman----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

SuC: | | | |

 Sunlight----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Apison------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

SuD: | | | |

 Sunlight----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Apison------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | |

TaB: | | | |

 Tasso-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

TaC: | | | |

 Tasso-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

TeC: | | | |

 Tellico-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | |

TeE3: | | | |

 Tellico-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | |

ThF: | | | |

 Tellico-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | slope | | | slope

 | | | |

 Red Hills---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | |

TkD: | | | |

 Tellico-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 309

Table 12.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

TkD: | | | |

 Steekee-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | area reclaim | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | thin layer

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

To: | | | |

 Toccoa------------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

TwB2: | | | |

 Townley-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

 Coile-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

UDC: | | | |

 Udorthents--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | |

 Urban land--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | |

UnE: | | | |

 Unicoi------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

UoG: | | | |

 Unicoi------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | |

 | | | |

URC: | | | |

 Urban land--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | |

UU: | | | |

 Urban land--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | |

 Udorthents--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | |

W: | | | |

 Water. | | | |

 | | | |

WaB2: | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

WaC2: | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

WbB2: | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |
310 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

WbC2: | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

WNC: | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

 Urban land--------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation:

 | variable | variable | variable | variable

 | | | |

WoB: | | | |

 Wolftever---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

WoC: | | | |

 Wolftever---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________
Table 13.--Water Management (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for on

 See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|_____________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|_______ | | | | | | AaB2: | | | | | |  Alcoa------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope |  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | AaC2: | | | | | |  Alcoa------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | AaD2: | | | | | |  Alcoa------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | AcF: | | | | | |  Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | thin layer | | | depth to rock| erodes  | | | | | erodes easily| depth  | | | | | |  Coile------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | depth to rock| thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | droughty | depth  | | | | | depth to rock| large  | | | | | |  | | | | | | AsC: | | | | | |  Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | thin layer | | | slope | slope  | | | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | |  Sunlight---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| droughty | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | slope |  | | | | | | AsF: | | | | | |  Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | thin layer | | | slope | slope  | | | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|______________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|________ | | | | | | AsF: | | | | | |  Sunlight---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| depth t | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | At: | | | | | |  Atkins-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | slow refill | flooding | flooding | percs s | | wetness | | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness  | | | | | wetness |  | | | | | |  Arkaqua----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | wetness | slow refill | flooding | flooding | wetness  | | | | | wetness |  | | | | | | BeB: | | | | | |  Bellamy----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | slope | erodes easily| erodes  | slope | | | | slope | wetness  | | | | | wetness |  | | | | | | Bm: | | | | | |  Bloomingdale-----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | hard to pack | slow refill | flooding | erodes easily| erodes  | | wetness | | | flooding | wetness  | | | | | wetness |  | | | | | | BoC2: | | | | | |  Bodine-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| large stones | large s | slope | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | BoD2: | | | | | |  Bodine-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| large stones | large s | slope | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | BoF2: | | | | | |  Bodine-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| large stones | large s | slope | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|_____________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|_______ | | | | | | BrE: | | | | | |  Bradyville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | |  | | | | | | BrF: | | | | | |  Bradyville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | |  | | | | | | CaF: | | | | | |  Cataska----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | seepage | no water | deep to water| percs slowly | large  | depth to rock| | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty | depth  | | | | | | CaG: | | | | | |  Cataska----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | seepage | no water | deep to water| percs slowly | large  | depth to rock| | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty | depth  | | | | | | CgC: | | | | | |  Coghill----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | |  Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | thin layer | | | slope | slope  | | | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | | CgD: | | | | | |  Coghill----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | |  Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | thin layer | | | slope | slope  | | | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|______________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|________ | | | | | | CnC2: | | | | | |  Coile------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | large s | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | droughty | depth t | | | | | |  | | | | | | CnD2: | | | | | |  Coile------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | large s | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | droughty | depth t | | | | | |  | | | | | | CnE3: | | | | | |  Coile------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | large s | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | droughty | depth t | | | | | |  | | | | | | CoC2: | | | | | |  Collegedale------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | CrB: | | | | | |  Corryton---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | depth to rock| piping | no water | deep to water| slope |  | | | | | |  Needmore---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | erodes  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | | depth t | | | | | | CtB2: | | | | | |  Corryton---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope |  | depth to rock| | | | |  | | | | | |  Townley----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| percs slowly | erodes  | depth to rock| | | | slope | depth t | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|_____________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|_______ | | | | | | CtC2: | | | | | |  Corryton---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | |  Townley----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| percs slowly | erodes  | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | depth  | | | | | | CUC: | | | | | |  Corryton---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope |  | | | | | |  Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variab | | | | | | DcB2: | | | | | |  Decatur----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope |  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | DcC2: | | | | | |  Decatur----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | DcD2: | | | | | |  Decatur----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | DeB: | | | | | |  Dewey------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope |  | | | | | | DwC2: | | | | | |  Dewey------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | DwD2: | | | | | |  Dewey------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | DX: | | | | | |  Dumps, landfills-------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variab | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|______________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|________ | | | | | | DY: | | | | | |  Dumps, pulpwood | | | | | |  processing waste------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variab | | | | | | Ea: | | | | | |  Emory------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | flooding |  | | | | | | Eo: | | | | | |  Etowah-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | piping | no water | flooding | flooding |  | | | | | | EtB: | | | | | |  Etowah-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope |  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | EtC: | | | | | |  Etowah-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | FcB2: | | | | | |  Fullerton--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | large s | slope | piping | | | |  | | | | | | FgC2: | | | | | |  Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | large s | | piping | | | | slope  | | | | | | FgD2: | | | | | |  Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | large s | | piping | | | | slope  | | | | | | FgE3: | | | | | |  Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | large s | | piping | | | | slope  | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|_____________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|_______ | | | | | | FgF2: | | | | | |  Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | large  | | piping | | | | slope  | | | | | | FRC: | | | | | |  Fullerton--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | large  | slope | piping | | | |  | | | | | |  Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variab | | | | | | FRD: | | | | | |  Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | large  | | piping | | | | slope  | | | | | |  Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variab | | | | | | Ha: | | | | | |  Hamblen----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | slow refill | flooding | flooding | wetnes | | | deep to water| | wetness |  | | | | | | HrC: | | | | | |  Harmiller--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large  | | | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | | depth  | | | | | | KeC: | | | | | |  Keener-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| large stones | large  | | | | | slope |  | | | | | |  Lostcove---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | large stones | no water | deep to water| large stones | large  | | seepage | | | slope |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | KeF: | | | | | |  Keener-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| large stones | large  | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|_____________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|_______ | | | | | | KeF: | | | | | |  Lostcove---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | large stones | no water | deep to water| large stones | large  | | seepage | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | LoD: | | | | | |  Lostcove---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | large stones | no water | deep to water| large stones | large  | | seepage | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | LoE: | | | | | |  Lostcove---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | large stones | no water | deep to water| large stones | large  | | seepage | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | McD: | | | | | |  McCamy-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | | MfF: | | | | | |  Minvale----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | |  Fullerton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | large  | | piping | | | | slope  | | | | | | MnC: | | | | | |  Minvale----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | MnD: | | | | | |  Minvale----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | NcC: | | | | | |  Needmore---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | erodes  | | | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | | depth  | | | | | |  Corryton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope 
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|_____________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|_______ | | | | | | Ne: | | | | | |  Neubert----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | slow refill | flooding | flooding | wetnes | | | deep to water| | wetness |  | | | | | | NnC: | | | | | |  Nonaburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | depth to rock| hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Needmore---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | erodes  | | | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | | depth  | | | | | | NnD: | | | | | |  Nonaburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Needmore---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | erodes  | | | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | | depth  | | | | | | NoF: | | | | | |  Nonaburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Needmore---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | erodes  | | | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | | depth  | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | |  | | | | | | Pe: | | | | | |  Pettyjon---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | flooding | erodes easily| erodes  | | | | deep to water| flooding |  | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|______________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|________ | | | | | | PM: | | | | | |  Pits, Mines, Dumps. | | | | | |  | | | | | | RhF: | | | | | |  Red Hills--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | depth to rock| depth t | | | | | |  Steekee----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth t | | | | | | Rk: | | | | | |  Rockdell---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | large stones | deep to water| flooding | flooding | large s | | seepage | | deep to water| large stones |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | RoF: | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Bradyville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | ShB: | | | | | |  Shady------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope |  | | | | | | ShC: | | | | | |  Shady------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope |  | | | | | | St: | | | | | |  Steadman---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | slow refill | flooding | flooding | erodes  | | wetness | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | SuC: | | | | | |  Sunlight---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| depth t | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|_____________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|_______ | | | | | | SuC: | | | | | |  Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | thin layer | | | slope | slope  | | | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | | SuD: | | | | | |  Sunlight---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Apison-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | thin layer | | | slope | slope  | | | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | | TaB: | | | | | |  Tasso------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | slope | | | | slope |  | | | | | | TaC: | | | | | |  Tasso------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | TeC: | | | | | |  Tellico----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | TeE3: | | | | | |  Tellico----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | ThF: | | | | | |  Tellico----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | |  Red Hills--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | | TkD: | | | | | |  Tellico----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|______________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|________ | | | | | | TkD: | | | | | |  Steekee----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth t | | | | | | To: | | | | | |  Toccoa-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | piping | deep to water| flooding | flooding |  | | | | deep to water| |  | | | | | | TwB2: | | | | | |  Townley----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| percs slowly | erodes  | depth to rock| | | | slope | depth t | | | | | |  Coile------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | depth to rock| thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | large s | | | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | droughty | depth t | | | | | |  | | | | | | UDC: | | | | | |  Udorthents-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variab | | | | | |  Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variab | | | | | | UnE: | | | | | |  Unicoi-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | large stones | no water | deep to water| large stones | large s | depth to rock| | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty | depth t | | | | | | UoG: | | | | | |  Unicoi-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | large stones | no water | deep to water| large stones | large s | depth to rock| | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty | depth t | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | |  | | | | | | URC: | | | | | |  Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variab | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|______________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|________ | | | | | | UU: | | | | | |  Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variab | | | | | |  Udorthents-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variab | | | | | | W: | | | | | |  Water. | | | | | |  | | | | | | WaB2: | | | | | |  Waynesboro-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope |  | slope | piping | | | |  | | | | | | WaC2: | | | | | |  Waynesboro-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | piping | | | |  | | | | | | WbB2: | | | | | |  Waynesboro-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | slope | piping | | | slope |  | | | | | | WbC2: | | | | | |  Waynesboro-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | piping | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | WNC: | | | | | |  Waynesboro-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope |  | slope | piping | | | |  | | | | | |  Urban land-------------|Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | variable | variable | variable | variable | variable | variab | | | | | | WoB: | | | | | |  Wolftever--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | slow refill | slope | erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | slope | wetness  | | | | | wetness |  | | | | | | 
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|_____________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|_______ | | | | | | WoC: | | | | | |  Wolftever--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | slow refill | slope | erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | slope | wetnes | | | | | wetness | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|_______
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties (Absence of an entry indicates that the data were not estimated.) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | AaB2: | | | | | | | | |  Alcoa-----------| 0-3 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML |A-4 | --- | 0-2 |95-100|95-100|90-100 | | loam | | | | | | |  | 3-62 |Sandy clay |CL, ML, CH, |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-3 |95-100|95-100|85-100 | | loam, clay, | MH | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | AaC2: | | | | | | | | |  Alcoa-----------| 0-3 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML |A-4 | --- | 0-2 |95-100|95-100|90-100 | | loam | | | | | | |  | 3-62 |Sandy clay |CL, ML, CH, |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-3 |95-100|95-100|85-100 | | loam, clay, | MH | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | AaD2: | | | | | | | | |  Alcoa-----------| 0-3 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML |A-4 | --- | 0-2 |95-100|95-100|90-100 | | loam | | | | | | |  | 3-62 |Sandy clay |CL, ML, CH, |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-3 |95-100|95-100|85-100 | | loam, clay, | MH | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | AcF: | | | | | | | | |  Apison----------| 0-3 |Loam, silt loam|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|65-90  | 3-22 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|70-95  | | channery clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 22-60 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | AcF: | | | | | | | | |  Coile-----------| 0-3 |Silt loam, loam|CL-ML, ML, CL|A-6, A-4 | --- | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|40-70  | 3-10 |Channery clay, |SC, GC, CL, |A-6, A-2 | --- | 0-20 |50-75 |45-70 |35-60  | | very channery | GC-GM | | | | | |  | | silt loam, | | | | | | |  | | channery loam | | | | | | |  | 10-18 |Very channery |GC, SC, CL |A-6, A-2 | --- | 0-20 |35-75 |30-70 |30-65  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | channery clay,| | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 18-24 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | AsC: | | | | | | | | |  Apison----------| 0-3 |Loam, silt loam|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|65-90  | 3-22 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|70-95  | | channery clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 22-60 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Sunlight--------| 0-3 |Channery sandy |GC-GM, GC, |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |50-85 |50-80 |35-70  | | loam | GM, SM, ML | | | | | |  | 3-13 |Channery loam, |GC, GC-GM, SC|A-2, A-1-b, | 0 | 0-10 |40-65 |35-60 |35-50  | | very channery | | A-4, A-6 | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 13-20 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | AsF: | | | | | | | | |  Apison----------| 0-3 |Loam, silt loam|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|65-90  | 3-22 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|70-95  | | channery clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 22-60 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | AsF: | | | | | | | | |  Sunlight--------| 0-3 |Channery sandy |ML, SM, GC- |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |50-85 |50-80 |35-70  | | loam | GM, GM, GC | | | | | |  | 3-13 |Channery loam, |GC-GM, GC, SC|A-2, A-4, A- | 0 | 0-10 |40-65 |35-60 |35-50  | | very channery | | 1-b, A-6 | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 13-20 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | At: | | | | | | | | |  Atkins----------| 0-6 |Silt loam, loam|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-10 | 6-42 |Loam, silt |ML, SC, CL, |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|65-10 | | loam, sandy | SM, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 42-60 |Sandy loam, |SM, GM, SC-SM|A-4 | 0 | 0 |80-100|65-100|65-10 | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Arkaqua---------| 0-7 |Silt loam, loam|SM, SC-SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |98-100|95-100|60-90  | 7-14 |Loam, silt |MH, ML |A-4, A-7, A- | 0 | 0 |96-100|95-100|80-10 | | loam, silty | | 5, A-6 | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 14-33 |Silt loam, |ML, CL-ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0 |96-100|95-100|60-10 | | sandy loam, | SM, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 33-60 |Very gravelly |ML, GM, SC- |A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0-5 | 3-15 |53-99 |50-97 |30-87  | | sandy loam, | SM, SM | A-4 | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | |  | | sand, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | BeB: | | | | | | | | |  Bellamy---------| 0-9 |Silt loam, loam|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-10 | 9-17 |Loam, silt loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-10 | 17-25 |Loam, clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 25-58 |Loam, clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 58-67 |Loam, clay |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|70-90  | | loam, sandy | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | Bm: | | | | | | | | |  Bloomingdale----| 0-5 |Silty clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 5-60 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | BoC2: | | | | | | | | |  Bodine----------| 0-6 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, GM, |A-1-b, A-2, | --- | 5-25 |30-90 |20-75 |20-67  | | loam, gravelly| GC-GM, ML, | A-4 | | | | |  | | loam | SM, SC-SM | | | | | |  | 6-15 |Gravelly silt |GC-GM, SC, |A-2, A-4, A- | --- |10-35 |30-70 |20-65 |20-55  | | loam, gravelly| SC-SM, GC, | 1, A-6 | | | | |  | | loam, cobbly | GM, SM | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 15-62 |Very gravelly |GM, SC, GC, |A-2 | --- |10-35 |20-70 |15-65 |15-45  | | silty clay | SM, GW-GM, | | | | | |  | | loam, very | GW-GC | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay,| | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | BoD2: | | | | | | | | |  Bodine----------| 0-6 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, SM, |A-1-b, A-2, | --- | 5-25 |30-90 |20-75 |20-67  | | loam, gravelly| GC-GM, GM, | A-4 | | | | |  | | loam | ML, SC-SM | | | | | |  | 6-15 |Gravelly silt |GC-GM, GM, |A-1, A-6, A- | --- |10-35 |30-70 |20-65 |20-55  | | loam, gravelly| GC, SC, SM, | 2, A-4 | | | | |  | | loam, cobbly | SC-SM | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 15-62 |Very gravelly |GM, GW-GC, |A-2 | --- |10-35 |20-70 |15-65 |15-45  | | silty clay | GW-GM, GC, | | | | | |  | | loam, very | SC, SM | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay,| | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | BoF2: | | | | | | | | |  Bodine----------| 0-6 |Gravelly silt |GC-GM, GM, |A-1-b, A-2, | --- | 5-25 |30-90 |20-75 |20-67  | | loam, gravelly| CL-ML, ML, | A-4 | | | | |  | | loam | SM, SC-SM | | | | | |  | 6-15 |Gravelly silt |GC, SM, GC- |A-2, A-1, A- | --- |10-35 |30-70 |20-65 |20-55  | | loam, gravelly| GM, GM, SC, | 4, A-6 | | | | |  | | loam, cobbly | SC-SM | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 15-62 |Very gravelly |GC, GM, SM, |A-2 | --- |10-35 |20-70 |15-65 |15-45  | | silty clay | GW-GC, GW- | | | | | |  | | loam, very | GM, SC | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay,| | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | BrE: | | | | | | | | |  Bradyville------| 0-6 |Gravelly silt |GM, CL-ML, |A-1-b, A-2, | --- | 5-25 |60-94 |45-80 |20-67  | | loam | ML, SC-SM, | A-4 | | | | |  | | | SM, GC-GM | | | | | |  | 6-44 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|65-90  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 44-48 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | BrF: | | | | | | | | |  Bradyville------| 0-6 |Gravelly silt |GC-GM, GM, |A-1-b, A-2, | --- | 5-25 |60-94 |45-80 |20-67  | | loam | ML, CL-ML, | A-4 | | | | |  | | | SC-SM, SM | | | | | |  | 6-44 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|65-90  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 44-48 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | CaF: | | | | | | | | |  Cataska---------| 0-6 |Very channery |CL-ML, SC-SM,|A-4 | 0-2 | 3-15 |55-80 |50-75 |45-70  | | loam, very | GC-GM, GM, | | | | | |  | | channery silt | ML | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 6-11 |Very channery |GC-GM, GM |A-1, A-2 | 0-2 |10-25 |15-50 |10-45 |10-40  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | channery silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | |  | | channery loam | | | | | | |  | 11-48 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | CaG: | | | | | | | | |  Cataska---------| 0-6 |Very channery |GC-GM, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0-2 | 3-15 |55-80 |50-75 |45-70  | | loam, very | GM, SC-SM, | | | | | |  | | channery silt | ML | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 6-11 |Very channery |GC-GM, GM |A-1, A-2 | 0-2 |10-25 |15-50 |10-45 |10-40  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | channery silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | |  | | channery loam | | | | | | |  | 11-48 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | CgC: | | | | | | | | |  Coghill---------| 0-7 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, CL-ML,|A-2, A-4 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|70-95  | | loam | SM, ML | | | | | |  | 7-29 |Sandy clay, |SC, CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|65-10 | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 29-38 |Clay loam, |SC, CL, SM, |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|65-10 | | clay, sandy | ML | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 38-78 |Loam, sandy |CL, SM, SC, |A-2, A-4 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|65-10 | | loam, loamy | SC-SM | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Apison----------| 0-3 |Loam, silt loam|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|65-90  | 3-22 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|70-95  | | channery clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 22-60 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | CgD: | | | | | | | | |  Coghill---------| 0-7 |Sandy loam, |CL-ML, SC-SM,|A-2, A-4 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|70-95  | | loam | ML, SM | | | | | |  | 7-29 |Clay, clay |SC, CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|65-10 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 29-38 |Clay, clay |CL, SC, ML, |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|65-10 | | loam, sandy | SM | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 38-78 |Sandy loam, |SM, CL, SC- |A-2, A-4 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|65-10 | | loamy sand, | SM, SC | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Apison----------| 0-3 |Loam, silt loam|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|65-90  | 3-22 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|70-95  | | channery clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 22-60 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | CnC2: | | | | | | | | |  Coile-----------| 0-3 |Silt loam, loam|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-6, A-4 | --- | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|40-70  | 3-10 |Channery clay, |SC, CL, GC, |A-6, A-2 | --- | 0-20 |50-75 |45-70 |35-60  | | very channery | GC-GM | | | | | |  | | silt loam, | | | | | | |  | | channery loam | | | | | | |  | 10-18 |Very channery |GC, SC, CL |A-6, A-2 | --- | 0-20 |35-75 |30-70 |30-65  | | loam, channery| | | | | | |  | | clay, very | | | | | | |  | | channery clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 18-24 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | CnD2: | | | | | | | | |  Coile-----------| 0-3 |Silt loam, loam|CL-ML, ML, CL|A-6, A-4 | --- | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|40-70  | 3-10 |Channery clay, |GC, GC-GM, |A-6, A-2 | --- | 0-20 |50-75 |45-70 |35-60  | | very channery | SC, CL | | | | | |  | | silt loam, | | | | | | |  | | channery loam | | | | | | |  | 10-18 |Very channery |GC, SC, CL |A-2, A-6 | --- | 0-20 |35-75 |30-70 |30-65  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | |  | | loam, channery| | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 18-24 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | CnE3: | | | | | | | | |  Coile-----------| 0-3 |Silt loam, loam|CL-ML, ML, CL|A-6, A-4 | --- | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|40-70  | 3-10 |Channery clay, |SC, GC, CL, |A-6, A-2 | --- | 0-20 |50-75 |45-70 |35-60  | | channery loam,| GC-GM | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 10-18 |Very channery |GC, SC, CL |A-6, A-2 | --- | 0-20 |35-75 |30-70 |30-65  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | channery clay,| | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 18-24 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | CoC2: | | | | | | | | |  Collegedale-----| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |90-100|85-100|75-95  | 6-65 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | CrB: | | | | | | | | |  Corryton--------| 0-9 |Silt loam, loam|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-96 |75-94  | 9-17 |Silty clay |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-95 |75-94  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 17-41 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|75-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | 41-75 |Channery silty |SC, SM, ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |65-100|55-95 |50-90  | | clay loam, | SC-SM, CL, | | | | | |  | | loam, channery| GC, GM | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | CrB: | | | | | | | | |  Needmore--------| 0-7 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 7-12 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-95 |75-94  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 12-31 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 31-35 |Channery silty |CH, CL, GC |A-7 | --- |10-35 |55-70 |50-70 |45-65  | | clay, channery| | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 35-40 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | | CtB2: | | | | | | | | |  Corryton--------| 0-9 |Silt loam, loam|CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-96 |75-94  | 9-17 |Silty clay |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-95 |75-94  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 17-41 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|75-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | 41-75 |Channery silty |GC, GM, ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |65-100|55-95 |50-90  | | clay loam, | SC, SC-SM, | | | | | |  | | loam, channery| CL, SM | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Townley---------| 0-5 |Silt loam, loam|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0-2 |80-98 |70-95 |65-90  | 5-28 |Silty clay |MH, ML |A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |75-95 |65-95 |60-92  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | 28-50 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | CtC2: | | | | | | | | |  Corryton--------| 0-9 |Silt loam, loam|CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-96 |75-94  | 9-17 |Silty clay |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-95 |75-94  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 17-41 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|75-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | 41-75 |Channery silty |CL, SM, GC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |65-100|55-95 |50-90  | | clay loam, | GM, ML, SC, | | | | | |  | | loam, channery| SC-SM | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | CtC2: | | | | | | | | |  Townley---------| 0-5 |Silt loam, loam|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0-2 |80-98 |70-95 |65-90  | 5-28 |Silty clay |MH, ML |A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |75-95 |65-95 |60-92  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | 28-50 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | CUC: | | | | | | | | |  Corryton--------| 0-9 |Silt loam, loam|CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-96 |75-94  | 9-17 |Silty clay |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-95 |75-94  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 17-41 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|75-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | 41-75 |Channery silty |GC, GM, ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |65-100|55-95 |50-90  | | clay loam, | CL, SC, SM, | | | | | |  | | loam, channery| SC-SM | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Urban land. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | DcB2: | | | | | | | | |  Decatur---------| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-3 |90-100|90-98 |85-98  | 6-67 |Clay |MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-3 |90-100|90-100|88-98  | | | | | | | | | DcC2: | | | | | | | | |  Decatur---------| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-3 |90-100|90-98 |85-98  | 6-67 |Clay |MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-3 |90-100|90-100|88-98  | | | | | | | | | DcD2: | | | | | | | | |  Decatur---------| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-3 |90-100|90-98 |85-98  | 6-67 |Clay |MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-3 |90-100|90-100|88-98  | | | | | | | | | DeB: | | | | | | | | |  Dewey-----------| 0-9 |Silt loam, loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|75-95  | 9-72 |Clay, silty |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|75-95  | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | DwC2: | | | | | | | | |  Dewey-----------| 0-6 |Silty clay |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|75-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 6-48 |Clay, silty |MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |85-100|75-100|70-95  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 48-60 |Clay, silty |MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |65-100|60-100|55-95  | | clay, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | DwD2: | | | | | | | | |  Dewey-----------| 0-6 |Silty clay |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|75-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 6-48 |Clay, silty |MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |85-100|75-100|70-95  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 48-60 |Clay, silty |MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |65-100|60-100|55-95  | | clay, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | DX: | | | | | | | | |  Dumps, | | | | | | | | |  landfills. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | DY: | | | | | | | | |  Dumps, pulpwood | | | | | | | | |  processing | | | | | | | | |  waste. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | Ea: | | | | | | | | |  Emory-----------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | 8-32 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 32-60 |Silty clay |CL |A-4, A-6, A-7| --- | 0-2 |90-100|75-100|70-10 | | loam, clay, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | Eo: | | | | | | | | |  Etowah----------| 0-30 |Loam, silt loam|CL, CL-ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|70-95  | | | SC-SM, ML | | | | | |  | 30-65 |Silty clay |CL, MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|70-95  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | EtB: | | | | | | | | |  Etowah----------| 0-10 |Loam, silt loam|CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|70-95  | | | CL, SC-SM, | | | | | |  | | | SM, SC | | | | | |  | 10-70 |Silty clay |CL, CH, MH, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|70-95  | | loam, clay | ML | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | EtC: | | | | | | | | |  Etowah----------| 0-10 |Loam, silt loam|CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|70-95  | | | SC, CL, SC- | | | | | |  | | | SM, SM | | | | | |  | 10-70 |Silty clay |MH, CL, ML, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|70-95  | | loam, clay | CH | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | FcB2: | | | | | | | | |  Fullerton-------| 0-4 |Clay loam |CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|70-95  | | | SM, CL, SC, | | | | | |  | | | SC-SM | | | | | |  | 4-60 |Gravelly clay, |GM, MH, SM, |A-2, A-7 | --- | 2-18 |60-90 |45-80 |40-75  | | gravelly silty| ML | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | FgC2: | | | | | | | | |  Fullerton-------| 0-11 |Gravelly silt |CL, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | --- | 2-15 |60-94 |45-80 |40-75  | | loam, gravelly| SC-SM, GC, | | | | | |  | | loam | GC-GM, SM, | | | | | |  | | | SC | | | | | |  | 11-19 |Gravelly silty |GC, CL, SC |A-4, A-6, A- | --- | 2-18 |60-90 |45-80 |40-75  | | clay loam, | | 2, A-7 | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 19-33 |Gravelly clay, |MH, GM, ML, |A-2, A-7 | --- | 2-18 |60-90 |45-80 |40-75  | | gravelly silty| SM | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 33-63 |Extremely |GM, GW-GM |A-2 | --- | 2-18 |20-50 |15-50 |10-45  | | gravelly clay,| | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | FgD2: | | | | | | | | |  Fullerton-------| 0-11 |Gravelly silt |CL, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | --- | 2-15 |60-94 |45-80 |40-75  | | loam, gravelly| SC, GC, SM, | | | | | |  | | loam | GC-GM, SC-SM| | | | | |  | 11-19 |Gravelly silty |CL, GC, SC |A-2, A-4, A- | --- | 2-18 |60-90 |45-80 |40-75  | | clay loam, | | 7, A-6 | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 19-33 |Gravelly clay, |GM, MH, SM, |A-2, A-7 | --- | 2-18 |60-90 |45-80 |40-75  | | gravelly silty| ML | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 33-63 |Extremely |GM, GW-GM |A-2 | --- | 2-18 |20-50 |15-50 |10-45  | | gravelly clay,| | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | FgE3: | | | | | | | | |  Fullerton-------| 0-11 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, GC, |A-2, A-4 | --- | 2-15 |60-94 |45-80 |40-75  | | loam, gravelly| CL, GC-GM, | | | | | |  | | loam | SM, SC, SC- | | | | | |  | | | SM | | | | | |  | 11-19 |Gravelly silty |CL, GC, SC |A-2, A-7, A- | --- | 2-18 |60-90 |45-80 |40-75  | | clay loam, | | 4, A-6 | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 19-33 |Gravelly clay, |GM, MH, SM, |A-2, A-7 | --- | 2-18 |60-90 |45-80 |40-75  | | gravelly silty| ML | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 33-63 |Extremely |GM, GW-GM |A-2 | --- | 2-18 |20-50 |15-50 |10-45  | | gravelly clay,| | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | FgF2: | | | | | | | | |  Fullerton-------| 0-11 |Gravelly silt |CL, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | --- | 2-15 |60-94 |45-80 |40-75  | | loam, gravelly| SM, GC, GC- | | | | | |  | | loam | GM, SC, SC- | | | | | |  | | | SM | | | | | |  | 11-19 |Gravelly silty |CL, GC, SC |A-2, A-4, A- | --- | 2-18 |60-90 |45-80 |40-75  | | clay loam, | | 7, A-6 | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 19-33 |Gravelly clay, |GM, MH, SM, |A-2, A-7 | --- | 2-18 |60-90 |45-80 |40-75  | | gravelly silty| ML | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 33-63 |Extremely |GM, GW-GM |A-2 | --- | 2-18 |20-50 |15-50 |10-45  | | gravelly clay,| | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | FRC: | | | | | | | | |  Fullerton-------| 0-11 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, GC, |A-2, A-4 | --- | 2-15 |60-94 |45-80 |40-75  | | loam, gravelly| CL, GC-GM, | | | | | |  | | loam | SM, SC, SC- | | | | | |  | | | SM | | | | | |  | 11-19 |Gravelly silty |CL, GC, SC |A-4, A-6, A- | --- | 2-18 |60-90 |45-80 |40-75  | | clay loam, | | 2, A-7 | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 19-33 |Gravelly clay, |GM, MH, SM, |A-2, A-7 | --- | 2-18 |60-90 |45-80 |40-75  | | gravelly silty| ML | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 33-63 |Extremely |GM, GW-GM |A-2 | --- | 2-18 |20-50 |15-50 |10-45  | | gravelly clay,| | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Urban land. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | FRD: | | | | | | | | |  Fullerton-------| 0-11 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, GC, |A-2, A-4 | --- | 2-15 |60-94 |45-80 |40-75  | | loam, gravelly| CL, GC-GM, | | | | | |  | | loam | SM, SC, SC- | | | | | |  | | | SM | | | | | |  | 11-19 |Gravelly silty |CL, GC, SC |A-4, A-6, A- | --- | 2-18 |60-90 |45-80 |40-75  | | clay loam, | | 2, A-7 | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 19-33 |Gravelly clay, |GM, MH, SM, |A-2, A-7 | --- | 2-18 |60-90 |45-80 |40-75  | | gravelly silty| ML | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 33-63 |Extremely |GM, GW-GM |A-2 | --- | 2-18 |20-50 |15-50 |10-45  | | gravelly clay,| | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Urban land. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | Ha: | | | | | | | | |  Hamblen---------| 0-7 |Silt loam, loam|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-2 |90-100|80-100|65-95  | 7-52 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-2 |80-100|75-100|60-95  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 52-60 |Gravelly clay, |CL, GC, SC |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-5 |55-80 |50-75 |40-70  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | clay, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | HrC: | | | | | | | | |  Harmiller-------| 0-5 |Loam |SC-SM, CL, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|65-85  | | | CL-ML, ML, | | | | | |  | | | SM, SC | | | | | |  | 5-23 |Clay loam, |ML, SM |A-4, A-5, A- | 0-1 | 0-15 |70-100|60-100|55-95  | | loam, gravelly| | 7-6, A-6 | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 23-30 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | KeC: | | | | | | | | |  Keener----------| 0-3 |Gravelly sandy |ML, CL-ML, |A-4 | 0-1 | 1-15 |96-100|86-98 |68-98  | | loam, cobbly | SC-SM, SM | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 3-60 |Cobbly clay |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0-5 |15-35 |95-100|95-100|70-10 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Lostcove--------| 0-5 |Gravelly loam, |SC, GM, SC- |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 5-30 |65-85 |55-75 |30-60  | | very gravelly | SM, SM | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 5-50 |Very cobbly |GC, SC, GC- |A-2, A-4, A- | 0-5 |10-70 |23-72 |22-60 |19-50  | | loam, | GM, SM, GM | 7-6, A-6 | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loam, | | | | | | |  | | cobbly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, cobbly | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | cobbly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 50-76 |Very cobbly |GC, SC, GC- |A-4, A-2, A- | 0-5 |10-70 |23-72 |22-60 |19-50  | | clay, cobbly | GM, SM, GM | 6, A-7-6 | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | very cobbly | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | KeF: | | | | | | | | |  Keener----------| 0-3 |Gravelly sandy |ML, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0-1 | 1-15 |96-100|86-98 |68-98  | | loam, cobbly | CL-ML, SM | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 3-60 |Cobbly clay |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0-5 |15-35 |95-100|95-100|70-10 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | KeF: | | | | | | | | |  Lostcove--------| 0-5 |Gravelly loam, |SC, SC-SM, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 5-30 |65-85 |55-75 |30-60  | | very gravelly | GM, SM | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 5-50 |Very cobbly |GC-GM, GC, |A-4, A-6, A- | 0-5 |10-70 |23-72 |22-60 |19-50  | | loam, | GM, SC, SM | 2, A-7-6 | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loam, | | | | | | |  | | cobbly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, cobbly | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | cobbly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 50-76 |Very cobbly |GC-GM, GM, |A-4, A-6, A- | 0-5 |10-70 |23-72 |22-60 |19-50  | | clay, cobbly | GC, SM, SC | 2, A-7-6 | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | very cobbly | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | LoD: | | | | | | | | |  Lostcove--------| 0-5 |Gravelly loam, |SC, GM, SC- |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 5-30 |65-85 |55-75 |30-60  | | very gravelly | SM, SM | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 5-50 |Very cobbly |GC, SC, GC- |A-2, A-7-6, | 0-5 |10-70 |23-72 |22-60 |19-50  | | loam, | GM, GM, SM | A-4, A-6 | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loam, | | | | | | |  | | cobbly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, cobbly | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | cobbly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 50-76 |Very cobbly |GC-GM, GC, |A-4, A-2, A- | 0-5 |10-70 |23-72 |22-60 |19-50  | | clay, cobbly | GM, SC, SM | 6, A-7-6 | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | very cobbly | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | LoE: | | | | | | | | |  Lostcove--------| 0-5 |Gravelly loam, |SC, GM, SC- |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 5-30 |65-85 |55-75 |30-60  | | very gravelly | SM, SM | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 5-50 |Very cobbly |GC, SC, GC- |A-4, A-2, A- | 0-5 |10-70 |23-72 |22-60 |19-50  | | loam, | GM, GM, SM | 6, A-7-6 | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loam, | | | | | | |  | | cobbly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, cobbly | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | cobbly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 50-76 |Very cobbly |GC-GM, GM, |A-4, A-6, A- | 0-5 |10-70 |23-72 |22-60 |19-50  | | clay, cobbly | SM, GC, SC | 2, A-7-6 | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | very cobbly | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | McD: | | | | | | | | |  McCamy----------| 0-5 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|70-95  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 5-24 |Clay loam, |SC-SM, CL-ML,|A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-10 | | sandy clay | SM, CL, ML, | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | SC | | | | | |  | 24-31 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | 31-34 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | MfF: | | | | | | | | |  Minvale---------| 0-13 |Gravelly silt |CL, CL-ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |55-80 |50-75 |40-70  | | loam, gravelly| GC, ML, GM | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 13-28 |Gravelly silty |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |50-75 |50-75 |40-70  | | clay loam, | GC, GC-GM | | | | | |  | | gravelly silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 28-68 |Gravelly silty |CL-ML, SC, |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-5 |55-80 |50-75 |40-70  | | clay loam, | MH, CH, SC- | | | | | |  | | gravelly silty| SM, SM, CL, | | | | | |  | | clay, gravelly| GC | | | | | |  | | clay, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | MfF: | | | | | | | | |  Fullerton-------| 0-11 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, GC, |A-2, A-4 | --- | 2-15 |60-94 |45-80 |40-75  | | loam, gravelly| GC-GM, SM, | | | | | |  | | loam | CL, SC, SC- | | | | | |  | | | SM | | | | | |  | 11-19 |Gravelly silty |CL, GC, SC |A-4, A-2, A- | --- | 2-18 |60-90 |45-80 |40-75  | | clay loam, | | 6, A-7 | | | | |  | | gravelly silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 19-33 |Gravelly clay, |MH, GM, ML, |A-2, A-7 | --- | 2-18 |60-90 |45-80 |40-75  | | gravelly silty| SM | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 33-63 |Extremely |GM, GW-GM |A-2 | --- | 2-18 |20-50 |15-50 |10-45  | | gravelly clay,| | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | MnC: | | | | | | | | |  Minvale---------| 0-13 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, GC, |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |55-80 |50-75 |40-70  | | loam, gravelly| GM, CL, ML | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 13-28 |Gravelly silty |CL, GC, CL- |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |50-75 |50-75 |40-70  | | clay loam, | ML, GC-GM | | | | | |  | | gravelly silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 28-68 |Gravelly silty |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |55-80 |50-75 |40-70  | | clay loam, | GC, CH, MH, | | | | | |  | | gravelly silty| SM, SC, SC- | | | | | |  | | clay, gravelly| SM | | | | | |  | | clay, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | MnD: | | | | | | | | |  Minvale---------| 0-13 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, GC, |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |55-80 |50-75 |40-70  | | loam, gravelly| GM, CL, ML | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 13-28 |Gravelly silty |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |50-75 |50-75 |40-70  | | clay loam, | GC, GC-GM | | | | | |  | | gravelly silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 28-68 |Gravelly silty |CH, SM, CL, |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0-5 |55-80 |50-75 |40-70  | | clay loam, | CL-ML, GC, | | | | | |  | | gravelly silty| MH, SC, SC- | | | | | |  | | clay, gravelly| SM | | | | | |  | | clay, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | NcC: | | | | | | | | |  Needmore--------| 0-7 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 7-12 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-95 |75-94  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 12-31 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 31-35 |Channery silty |CH, GC, CL |A-7 | --- |10-35 |55-70 |50-70 |45-65  | | clay, channery| | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 35-40 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Corryton--------| 0-9 |Silt loam, loam|CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-96 |75-94  | 9-17 |Silty clay |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-95 |75-94  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 17-41 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|75-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | 41-75 |Channery silty |CL, GC, SM, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |65-100|55-95 |50-90  | | clay loam, | GM, ML, SC, | | | | | |  | | loam, channery| SC-SM | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | Ne: | | | | | | | | |  Neubert---------| 0-6 |Loam, sandy |CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|60-85  | | loam | CL, SM, SC, | | | | | |  | | | SC-SM | | | | | |  | 6-45 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, CL, |A-2, A-7-6, | 0 | 0-2 |90-100|85-100|60-95  | | clay loam, | CL-ML, ML, | A-4, A-6 | | | | |  | | clay loam | SM, SC | | | | | |  | 45-74 |Clay loam, |SC-SM, SM, |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|65-10 | | sandy clay | CL, SC, CL- | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | ML, ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | NnC: | | | | | | | | |  Nonaburg--------| 0-2 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | --- | --- |90-100|85-95 |80-90  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 2-10 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | --- | --- |70-100|65-90 |60-85  | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 10-39 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Needmore--------| 0-7 |Silt loam, |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 7-12 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-95 |75-94  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 12-31 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 31-35 |Channery silty |CH, CL, GC |A-7 | --- |10-35 |55-70 |50-70 |45-65  | | clay, channery| | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 35-40 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | NnD: | | | | | | | | |  Nonaburg--------| 0-2 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | --- | --- |90-100|85-95 |80-90  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 2-10 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | --- | --- |70-100|65-90 |60-85  | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 10-39 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | NnD: | | | | | | | | |  Needmore--------| 0-7 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 7-12 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-95 |75-94  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 12-31 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 31-35 |Channery silty |CH, GC, CL |A-7 | --- |10-35 |55-70 |50-70 |45-65  | | clay, channery| | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 35-40 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | NoF: | | | | | | | | |  Nonaburg--------| 0-2 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | --- | --- |90-100|85-95 |80-90  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 2-10 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | --- | --- |70-100|65-90 |60-85  | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 10-39 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Needmore--------| 0-7 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 7-12 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-95 |75-94  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 12-31 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 31-35 |Channery silty |CH, CL, GC |A-7 | --- |10-35 |55-70 |50-70 |45-65  | | clay, channery| | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 35-40 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | Pe: | | | | | | | | |  Pettyjon--------| 0-7 |Silty clay |ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 7-61 |Loam, silty |ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | PM: | | | | | | | | |  Pits, Mines, | | | | | | | | |  Dumps. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | RhF: | | | | | | | | |  Red Hills-------| 0-4 |Sandy loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0-5 | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|65-90  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 4-26 |Gravelly sandy |CL-ML, CL |A-4 | 0-10 | 0-10 |70-100|70-100|60-85  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 26-32 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Steekee---------| 0-4 |Sandy loam, |SC, SC-SM, |A-4 | --- | 0-5 |85-100|80-95 |60-85  | | loam | SM, ML, CL- | | | | | |  | | | ML, CL | | | | | |  | 4-10 |Gravelly loam, |GC-GM, GC, |A-2, A-1, A- | --- | 0-35 |50-90 |45-90 |35-80  | | gravelly sandy| SC, SC-SM | 4, A-6 | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 10-14 |Very gravelly |GC-GM, GC, |A-1, A-6, A- | --- | 0-40 |35-85 |30-85 |25-80  | | loam, gravelly| SC, SC-SM | 2, A-4 | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 14-60 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | Rk: | | | | | | | | |  Rockdell--------| 0-10 |Gravelly loam, |SC-SM, GM, |A-2, A-4 | --- | 0-20 |50-75 |50-60 |40-55  | | gravelly silt | SM, GC-GM | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 10-41 |Very gravelly |GC, SC, SC-SM|A-2, A-4, A-6| --- | 0-20 |50-75 |20-60 |20-50  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | |  | 41-60 |Cobbly clay |GM, MH, SM |A-7 | --- |35-70 |65-85 |55-75 |45-70  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | cobbly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | RoF: | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Bradyville------| 0-6 |Gravelly silt |GC-GM, CL-ML,|A-1-b, A-4, | --- | 5-25 |60-94 |45-80 |20-67  | | loam | GM, SM, ML, | A-2 | | | | |  | | | SC-SM | | | | | |  | 6-44 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|65-90  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 44-48 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | ShB: | | | | | | | | |  Shady-----------| 0-8 |Loam, fine |ML, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | --- | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|60-95  | | sandy loam | SM, SC-SM | | | | | |  | 8-60 |Clay loam, |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|65-10 | | sandy clay | ML, SC-SM, | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | SC, SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | ShC: | | | | | | | | |  Shady-----------| 0-8 |Loam, fine |CL-ML, SC-SM,|A-2, A-4 | --- | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|60-95  | | sandy loam | ML, SM | | | | | |  | 8-60 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|65-10 | | sandy clay | SC-SM, ML, | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | SC, SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | St: | | | | | | | | |  Steadman--------| 0-7 |Silty clay |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 7-36 |Silty clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 36-64 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | SuC: | | | | | | | | |  Sunlight--------| 0-3 |Channery sandy |GC, SM, GC- |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |50-85 |50-80 |35-70  | | loam | GM, GM, ML | | | | | |  | 3-13 |Channery loam, |GC, GC-GM, SC|A-2, A-4, A- | 0 | 0-10 |40-65 |35-60 |35-50  | | very channery | | 1-b, A-6 | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 13-20 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Apison----------| 0-3 |Loam, silt loam|ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|65-90  | 3-22 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|70-95  | | channery clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 22-60 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | SuD: | | | | | | | | |  Sunlight--------| 0-3 |Channery sandy |GC-GM, GC, |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |50-85 |50-80 |35-70  | | loam | GM, SM, ML | | | | | |  | 3-13 |Channery loam, |GC, GC-GM, SC|A-2, A-4, A- | 0 | 0-10 |40-65 |35-60 |35-50  | | very channery | | 1-b, A-6 | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 13-20 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | SuD: | | | | | | | | |  Apison----------| 0-3 |Loam, silt loam|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|65-90  | 3-22 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|70-95  | | channery clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 22-60 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | TaB: | | | | | | | | |  Tasso-----------| 0-9 |Loam, silt loam|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|80-95 |70-85  | 9-30 |Clay loam, silt|CL |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|80-95 |75-90  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 30-42 |Silty clay |CL |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |70-100|65-95 |60-90  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 42-62 |Gravelly clay, |CH, CL, ML, |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-15 |70-100|65-95 |60-90  | | clay, clay | MH | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | TaC: | | | | | | | | |  Tasso-----------| 0-9 |Loam, silt loam|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|80-95 |70-85  | 9-30 |Clay loam, silt|CL |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|80-95 |75-90  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 30-42 |Silty clay |CL |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |70-100|65-95 |60-90  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 42-62 |Gravelly clay, |CL, MH, CH, |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-15 |70-100|65-95 |60-90  | | clay, clay | ML | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | TeC: | | | | | | | | |  Tellico---------| 0-4 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|65-90  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 4-70 |Sandy clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|70-95  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay, | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | TeE3: | | | | | | | | |  Tellico---------| 0-4 |Loam, sandy |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|65-90  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 4-70 |Sandy clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|70-95  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay, | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | ThF: | | | | | | | | |  Tellico---------| 0-4 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|65-90  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 4-70 |Sandy clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|70-95  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay, | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Red Hills-------| 0-4 |Sandy loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0-5 | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|65-90  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 4-26 |Gravelly sandy |CL-ML, CL |A-4 | 0-10 | 0-10 |70-100|70-100|60-85  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 26-32 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | TkD: | | | | | | | | |  Tellico---------| 0-4 |Loam, sandy |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|65-90  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 4-70 |Sandy clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|70-95  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay, | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | TkD: | | | | | | | | |  Steekee---------| 0-4 |Sandy loam, |SC, SC-SM, |A-4 | --- | 0-5 |85-100|80-95 |60-85  | | loam | ML, SM, CL, | | | | | |  | | | CL-ML | | | | | |  | 4-10 |Gravelly loam, |GC-GM, GC, |A-1, A-6, A- | --- | 0-35 |50-90 |45-90 |35-80  | | sandy loam, | SC, SC-SM | 2, A-4 | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 10-14 |Very gravelly |GC, SC-SM, |A-1, A-6, A- | --- | 0-35 |50-90 |45-90 |35-80  | | loam, sandy | GC-GM, SC | 2, A-4 | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 14-60 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | To: | | | | | | | | |  Toccoa----------| 0-10 |Loam, sandy |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |98-100|95-100|75-90  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 10-60 |Sandy loam, |ML, SC-SM, SM|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|60-10 | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | TwB2: | | | | | | | | |  Townley---------| 0-5 |Silt loam, loam|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4 | 0 | 0-2 |80-98 |70-95 |65-90  | 5-28 |Silty clay |MH, ML |A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |75-95 |65-95 |60-92  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | 28-50 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Coile-----------| 0-3 |Silt loam, loam|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-6, A-4 | --- | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|40-70  | 3-10 |Channery clay, |SC, GC, CL, |A-6, A-2 | --- | 0-20 |50-75 |45-70 |35-60  | | channery loam,| GC-GM | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 10-18 |Very channery |GC, SC, CL |A-6, A-2 | --- | 0-20 |35-75 |30-70 |30-65  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | channery clay,| | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 18-24 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | UDC: | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Urban land. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | UnE: | | | | | | | | |  Unicoi----------| 0-5 |Gravelly sandy |GC-GM, GM, |A-1-b, A-2 | 0-5 |15-50 |60-75 |40-65 |30-50  | | loam, gravelly| SM, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 5-15 |Very cobbly |GC-GM, GM, |A-1-b, A-2 | 0 |20-50 |60-75 |40-65 |30-50  | | loam, very | SM, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | stony loam | | | | | | |  | 15-20 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | UoG: | | | | | | | | |  Unicoi----------| 0-5 |Gravelly sandy |GM, GC-GM, |A-1-b, A-2 | 0-5 |15-50 |60-75 |40-65 |30-50  | | loam, gravelly| SC-SM, SM | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 5-15 |Very cobbly |GC-GM, GM, |A-1-b, A-2 | 0 |20-50 |60-75 |40-65 |30-50  | | loam, very | SM, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | stony loam | | | | | | |  | 15-20 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | URC: | | | | | | | | |  Urban land. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | UU: | | | | | | | | |  Urban land. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | W: | | | | | | | | |  Water. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | WaB2: | | | | | | | | |  Waynesboro------| 0-7 |Clay loam, loam|CL, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|70-95  | | | CL-ML, ML, | | | | | |  | | | SM, SC | | | | | |  | 7-79 |Clay loam, clay|MH, ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-100|70-98  | | | | | | | | | WaC2: | | | | | | | | |  Waynesboro------| 0-7 |Clay loam, loam|CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|70-95  | | | SC, SC-SM, | | | | | |  | | | CL, SM | | | | | |  | 7-79 |Clay loam, clay|MH, ML |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-100|70-98  | | | | | | | | | WbB2: | | | | | | | | |  Waynesboro------| 0-8 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|80-98  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 8-60 |Clay loam, clay|MH, ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-100|70-98  | | | | | | | | | WbC2: | | | | | | | | |  Waynesboro------| 0-8 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|80-98  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 8-60 |Clay loam, clay|MH, ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-100|70-98  | | | | | | | | | WNC: | | | | | | | | |  Waynesboro------| 0-8 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|80-98  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 8-60 |Clay loam, clay|MH, ML |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-100|70-98  | | | | | | | | |  Urban land. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | WoB: | | | | | | | | |  Wolftever-------| 0-8 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 8-16 |Silty clay |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 16-72 |Silty clay, |MH, ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | WoC: | | | | | | | | |  Wolftever-------| 0-8 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 8-16 |Silty clay |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 16-72 |Silty clay, |MH, ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____
McMinn County, Tennessee 357

Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils

(Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not

 estimated.)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |Erosion factors

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic|_______________

 and soil name | |reaction | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- |matter | | |

 | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T

_________________________|_______|_________|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|___

 | In | pH | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

AaB2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .28 | 5

 | 3-62 | 4.5-5.5 | 30-50|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

AaC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .28 | 5

 | 3-62 | 4.5-5.5 | 30-50|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

AaD2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Alcoa-------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .28 | 5

 | 3-62 | 4.5-5.5 | 30-50|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

AcF: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 3-22 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | 22-60 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-6.0 | 7-30|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.33-0.46| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .24 | .32 | 2

 | 3-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-50|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.30| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 10-18 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-50|1.20-1.50| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.30| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 18-24 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

AsC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 3-22 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | 22-60 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------| 0-3 | 4.5-5.5 | 10-27|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.14| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-2.0| .24 | .28 | 2

 | 3-13 | 4.5-5.5 | 18-35|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .17 | .28 |

 | 13-20 | --- | --- | --- | 0.06-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

AsF: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 3-22 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | 22-60 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------| 0-3 | 4.5-5.5 | 10-27|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.14| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-2.0| .24 | .28 | 2

 | 3-13 | 4.5-5.5 | 18-35|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .17 | .28 |

 | 13-20 | --- | --- | --- | 0.06-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

At: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Atkins------------------| 0-6 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |2.0-4.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 6-42 | 4.0-5.5 | 18-35|1.20-1.50| 0.06-2.00 |0.14-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 42-60 | 4.0-5.5 | 3-18|1.20-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.05-0.09| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .10 | .24 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Arkaqua-----------------| 0-7 | 4.5-5.5 | 10-27|1.20-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |2.0-4.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 7-14 | 4.0-5.5 | 15-35|1.20-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .28 |

 | 14-33 | 4.0-5.5 | 10-27|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .28 |

 | 33-60 | 4.0-5.5 | 5-18|1.20-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.13| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .15 | .24 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

BeB: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bellamy-----------------| 0-9 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-25|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-2.0| .37 | .37 | 5

 | 9-17 | 4.5-5.5 | 18-32|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 17-25 | 4.5-5.5 | 18-32|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 25-58 | 4.5-5.5 | 18-32|1.45-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.14-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 58-67 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-50|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Bm: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bloomingdale------------| 0-5 | 5.6-8.4 | 20-35|1.10-1.30| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 5

 | 5-60 | 5.6-8.4 | 35-60|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.22| 3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .37 | .37 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
358 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |Erosion factors

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic|_______________

 and soil name | |reaction | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- |matter | | |

 | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T

_________________________|_______|_________|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|___

 | In | pH | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

BoC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bodine------------------| 0-6 | 3.6-5.5 | 8-20|1.35-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-2.0| .20 | .32 | 5

 | 6-15 | 3.6-5.5 | 20-35|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .15 | .28 |

 | 15-62 | 3.6-5.5 | 23-50|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .15 | .28 |

BoD2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bodine------------------| 0-6 | 3.6-5.5 | 8-20|1.35-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-2.0| .20 | .32 | 5

 | 6-15 | 3.6-5.5 | 20-35|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .15 | .28 |

 | 15-62 | 3.6-5.5 | 23-50|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .15 | .28 |

BoF2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bodine------------------| 0-6 | 3.6-5.5 | 8-20|1.35-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-2.0| .20 | .32 | 5

 | 6-15 | 3.6-5.5 | 20-35|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .15 | .28 |

 | 15-62 | 3.6-5.5 | 23-50|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .15 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

BrE: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bradyville--------------| 0-6 | 5.1-5.5 | 8-20|1.35-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .32 | 3

 | 6-44 | 5.1-7.3 | 40-60|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | 44-48 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.06 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

BrF: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bradyville--------------| 0-6 | 5.1-5.5 | 8-20|1.35-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .32 | 3

 | 6-44 | 5.1-7.3 | 40-60|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | 44-48 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.06 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CaF: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cataska-----------------| 0-6 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-22|1.30-1.40| 2.00-20.00|0.10-0.14| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .15 | .28 | 2

 | 6-11 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-22|1.30-1.45| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.09| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .15 | .28 |

 | 11-48 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CaG: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cataska-----------------| 0-6 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-22|1.30-1.40| 2.00-20.00|0.10-0.14| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .15 | .28 | 2

 | 6-11 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-22|1.30-1.45| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.09| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .15 | .28 |

 | 11-48 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CgC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Coghill-----------------| 0-7 | 4.5-6.0 | 12-27|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .28 | 5

 | 7-29 | 4.5-6.0 | 30-60|1.25-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.09-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .28 | .28 |

 | 29-38 | 4.5-6.0 | 20-60|1.25-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.09-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |0.1-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | 38-78 | 4.5-6.0 | 5-25|1.20-1.40| 0.60-6.00 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 3-22 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | 22-60 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CgD: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Coghill-----------------| 0-7 | 4.5-6.0 | 12-27|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .28 | 5

 | 7-29 | 4.5-6.0 | 30-60|1.25-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.09-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .28 | .28 |

 | 29-38 | 4.5-6.0 | 20-60|1.25-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.09-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |0.1-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | 38-78 | 4.5-6.0 | 5-25|1.20-1.40| 0.60-6.00 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 3-22 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | 22-60 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CnC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-6.0 | 7-30|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.33-0.46| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .24 | .32 | 2

 | 3-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-50|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.30| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 10-18 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-50|1.20-1.50| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.30| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 18-24 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
McMinn County, Tennessee 359

Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |Erosion factors

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic|_______________

 and soil name | |reaction | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- |matter | | |

 | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T

_________________________|_______|_________|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|___

 | In | pH | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CnD2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-6.0 | 7-30|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.33-0.46| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .24 | .32 | 2

 | 3-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-50|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.30| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 10-18 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-50|1.20-1.50| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.30| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 18-24 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

CnE3: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-6.0 | 7-30|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.33-0.46| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .24 | .32 | 2

 | 3-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-50|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.30| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 10-18 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-50|1.20-1.50| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.30| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 18-24 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CoC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Collegedale-------------| 0-6 | 4.5-5.5 | 18-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-2.0| .37 | .37 | 5

 | 6-65 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-60|1.45-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CrB: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------| 0-9 | 4.5-6.0 | 8-25|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.24| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 9-17 | 4.5-6.0 | 27-40|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 17-41 | 4.5-6.0 | 27-55|1.35-1.55| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.22| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 41-75 | 4.5-6.0 | 18-40|1.35-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------| 0-7 | 5.1-6.5 | 18-35|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 7-12 | 5.1-6.5 | 20-40|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 12-31 | 5.1-6.5 | 35-55|1.45-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | 31-35 | 5.6-6.5 | 40-55|1.45-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .32 |

 | 35-40 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CtB2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------| 0-9 | 4.5-6.0 | 8-25|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.24| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 9-17 | 4.5-6.0 | 27-40|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 17-41 | 4.5-6.0 | 27-55|1.35-1.55| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.22| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 41-75 | 4.5-6.0 | 18-40|1.35-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Townley-----------------| 0-5 | 4.5-5.5 | 10-27|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.14| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 5-28 | 4.5-5.5 | 30-60|1.30-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .32 |

 | 28-50 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CtC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------| 0-9 | 4.5-6.0 | 8-25|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.24| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 9-17 | 4.5-6.0 | 27-40|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 17-41 | 4.5-6.0 | 27-55|1.35-1.55| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.22| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 41-75 | 4.5-6.0 | 18-40|1.35-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Townley-----------------| 0-5 | 4.5-5.5 | 10-27|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.14| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 5-28 | 4.5-5.5 | 30-60|1.30-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .32 |

 | 28-50 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CUC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------| 0-9 | 4.5-6.0 | 8-25|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.24| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 9-17 | 4.5-6.0 | 27-40|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 17-41 | 4.5-6.0 | 27-55|1.35-1.55| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.22| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 41-75 | 4.5-6.0 | 18-40|1.35-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

DcB2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Decatur-----------------| 0-6 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-27|1.25-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 6-67 | 4.5-6.0 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

DcC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Decatur-----------------| 0-6 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-27|1.25-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 6-67 | 4.5-6.0 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
360 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |Erosion factors

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic|_______________

 and soil name | |reaction | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- |matter | | |

 | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T

_________________________|_______|_________|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|___

 | In | pH | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

DcD2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Decatur-----------------| 0-6 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-27|1.25-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 6-67 | 4.5-6.0 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

DeB: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dewey-------------------| 0-9 | 4.5-6.0 | 17-27|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 9-72 | 4.5-6.0 | 35-50|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

DwC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dewey-------------------| 0-6 | 4.5-6.0 | 28-45|1.40-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.19| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 6-48 | 4.5-6.0 | 45-60|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.17| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | 48-60 | 4.5-6.0 | 45-60|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.17| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

DwD2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dewey-------------------| 0-6 | 4.5-6.0 | 28-45|1.40-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.19| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 6-48 | 4.5-6.0 | 45-60|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.17| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | 48-60 | 4.5-6.0 | 45-60|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.17| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

DX: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dumps, landfills. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

DY: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dumps, pulpwood | | | | | | | | | | |

 processing waste. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Ea: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Emory-------------------| 0-8 | 5.1-6.0 | 18-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.21| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-4.0| .37 | .37 | 5

 | 8-32 | 5.1-6.0 | 20-35|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.21| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 |

 | 32-60 | 5.1-6.0 | 32-45|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Eo: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Etowah------------------| 0-30 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-3.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 30-65 | 4.5-6.0 | 32-45|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

EtB: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Etowah------------------| 0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-3.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 10-70 | 4.5-6.0 | 32-45|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

EtC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Etowah------------------| 0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-3.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 10-70 | 4.5-6.0 | 32-45|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

FcB2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 0-4 | 4.5-5.5 | 28-35|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .24 | .28 | 5

 | 4-60 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-70|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .24 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

FgC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 0-11 | 4.5-5.5 | 15-27|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .32 | 5

 | 11-19 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 19-33 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-70|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 33-63 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-70|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .15 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

FgD2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 0-11 | 4.5-5.5 | 15-27|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .32 | 5

 | 11-19 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 19-33 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-70|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 33-63 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-70|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .15 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

FgE3: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 0-11 | 4.5-5.5 | 15-27|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .32 | 5

 | 11-19 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 19-33 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-70|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 33-63 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-70|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .15 | .28 |
McMinn County, Tennessee 361

Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |Erosion factors

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic|_______________

 and soil name | |reaction | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- |matter | | |

 | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T

_________________________|_______|_________|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|___

 | In | pH | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

FgF2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 0-11 | 4.5-5.5 | 15-27|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .32 | 5

 | 11-19 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 19-33 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-70|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 33-63 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-70|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .15 | .28 |

FRC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 0-11 | 4.5-5.5 | 15-27|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .32 | 5

 | 11-19 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 19-33 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-70|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 33-63 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-70|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .15 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

FRD: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 0-11 | 4.5-5.5 | 15-27|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .32 | 5

 | 11-19 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 19-33 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-70|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 33-63 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-70|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .15 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Ha: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamblen-----------------| 0-7 | 5.1-7.3 | 15-25|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 7-52 | 5.1-7.3 | 18-32|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 52-60 | 5.1-7.3 | 25-50|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.17| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

HrC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Harmiller---------------| 0-5 | 3.5-6.0 | 8-18|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-4.0| .24 | .24 | 3

 | 5-23 | 3.5-6.0 | 18-35|1.40-1.80| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | 23-30 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

KeC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Keener------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-6.0 | 5-20|1.35-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.14-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .15 | .24 | 5

 | 3-60 | 4.5-6.0 | 20-35|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .17 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------| 0-5 | 3.6-6.0 | 7-20|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.19| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .10 | .24 | 5

 | 5-50 | 3.6-6.0 | 18-35|1.30-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.04-0.09| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .10 | .28 |

 | 50-76 | 3.6-6.0 | 18-40|1.30-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.04-0.09| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .10 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

KeF: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Keener------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-6.0 | 5-20|1.35-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.14-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .15 | .24 | 5

 | 3-60 | 4.5-6.0 | 20-35|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .17 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------| 0-5 | 3.6-5.5 | 7-20|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.19| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .10 | .24 | 5

 | 5-50 | 3.6-5.5 | 18-35|1.30-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.04-0.09| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .10 | .28 |

 | 50-76 | 3.6-5.5 | 18-40|1.30-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.04-0.09| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .10 | .28 |

LoD: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------| 0-5 | 3.6-5.5 | 7-20|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.19| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .10 | .24 | 5

 | 5-50 | 3.6-5.5 | 18-35|1.30-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.04-0.09| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .10 | .28 |

 | 50-76 | 3.6-5.5 | 18-40|1.30-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.04-0.09| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .10 | .28 |

LoE: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lostcove----------------| 0-5 | 3.6-5.5 | 7-20|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.19| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .10 | .24 | 5

 | 5-50 | 3.6-5.5 | 18-35|1.30-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.04-0.09| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .10 | .28 |

 | 50-76 | 3.6-5.5 | 18-40|1.30-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.04-0.09| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .10 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

McD: | | | | | | | | | | |

 McCamy------------------| 0-5 | 3.6-5.5 | 7-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-6.00 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-4.0| .28 | .28 | 2

 | 5-24 | 3.6-5.5 | 18-35|1.25-1.35| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | 24-31 | --- | --- | --- | 0.20-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | 31-34 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
362 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |Erosion factors

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic|_______________

 and soil name | |reaction | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- |matter | | |

 | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T

_________________________|_______|_________|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|___

 | In | pH | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

MfF: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Minvale-----------------| 0-13 | 4.5-5.5 | 15-27|1.30-1.45| 2.00-6.00 |0.14-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .24 | .37 | 5

 | 13-28 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .32 |

 | 28-68 | 4.5-5.5 | 25-45|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.17| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton---------------| 0-11 | 4.5-5.5 | 15-27|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .32 | 5

 | 11-19 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 19-33 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-70|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 33-63 | 4.5-5.5 | 40-70|1.45-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .15 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

MnC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Minvale-----------------| 0-13 | 4.5-5.5 | 15-27|1.30-1.45| 2.00-6.00 |0.14-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .24 | .37 | 5

 | 13-28 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .32 |

 | 28-68 | 4.5-5.5 | 25-45|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.17| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .32 |

MnD: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Minvale-----------------| 0-13 | 4.5-5.5 | 15-27|1.30-1.45| 2.00-6.00 |0.14-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .24 | .37 | 5

 | 13-28 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .32 |

 | 28-68 | 4.5-5.5 | 25-45|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.17| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

NcC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------| 0-7 | 5.1-6.5 | 18-35|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 7-12 | 5.1-6.5 | 20-40|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 12-31 | 5.1-6.5 | 35-55|1.45-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | 31-35 | 5.6-6.5 | 40-55|1.45-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .32 |

 | 35-40 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Corryton----------------| 0-9 | 4.5-6.0 | 8-25|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.24| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .32 | .32 | 4

 | 9-17 | 4.5-6.0 | 27-40|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 17-41 | 4.5-6.0 | 27-55|1.35-1.55| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.22| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 41-75 | 4.5-6.0 | 18-40|1.35-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Ne: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Neubert-----------------| 0-6 | 5.6-6.5 | 12-25|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .28 | .28 | 5

 | 6-45 | 5.1-6.5 | 18-35|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-1.0| .24 | .24 |

 | 45-74 | 5.1-7.3 | 20-35|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-2.0| .28 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

NnC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------| 0-2 | 6.1-7.8 | 20-40|1.50-1.62| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .32 | 1

 | 2-10 | 6.1-7.8 | 35-60|1.55-1.65| 0.20-0.60 |0.09-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .17 | .24 |

 | 10-39 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------| 0-7 | 5.1-6.5 | 18-35|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 7-12 | 5.1-6.5 | 20-40|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 12-31 | 5.1-6.5 | 35-55|1.45-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | 31-35 | 5.6-6.5 | 40-55|1.45-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .32 |

 | 35-40 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

NnD: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------| 0-2 | 6.1-7.8 | 20-40|1.50-1.62| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .32 | 1

 | 2-10 | 6.1-7.8 | 35-60|1.55-1.65| 0.20-0.60 |0.09-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .17 | .24 |

 | 10-39 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------| 0-7 | 5.1-6.5 | 18-35|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 7-12 | 5.1-6.5 | 20-40|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 12-31 | 5.1-6.5 | 35-55|1.45-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | 31-35 | 5.6-6.5 | 40-55|1.45-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .32 |

 | 35-40 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

NoF: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nonaburg----------------| 0-2 | 6.1-7.8 | 20-40|1.50-1.62| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .32 | 1

 | 2-10 | 6.1-7.8 | 35-60|1.55-1.65| 0.20-0.60 |0.09-0.14| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .17 | .24 |

 | 10-39 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 363

Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |Erosion factors

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic|_______________

 and soil name | |reaction | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- |matter | | |

 | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T

_________________________|_______|_________|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|___

 | In | pH | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

NoF: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Needmore----------------| 0-7 | 5.1-6.5 | 18-35|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 7-12 | 5.1-6.5 | 20-40|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 12-31 | 5.1-6.5 | 35-55|1.45-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | 31-35 | 5.6-6.5 | 40-55|1.45-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .32 |

 | 35-40 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Pe: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pettyjon----------------| 0-7 | 6.1-7.3 | 20-35|1.20-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 7-61 | 6.1-7.3 | 18-35|1.20-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

PM: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, Mines, Dumps. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

RhF: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Red Hills---------------| 0-4 | 4.5-6.0 | 10-25|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-4.0| .20 | .24 | 3

 | 4-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-35|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .24 |

 | 26-32 | --- | --- | --- | 0.20-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Steekee-----------------| 0-4 | 4.5-6.0 | 8-18|1.40-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .24 | .24 | 2

 | 4-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 25-40|1.40-1.55| 0.60-6.00 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-1.0| .28 | .28 |

 | 10-14 | 4.5-6.0 | 25-40|1.40-1.55| 0.60-6.00 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | 14-60 | --- | --- | --- | 0.20-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Rk: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockdell----------------| 0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 10-22|1.40-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .32 | 3

 | 10-41 | 4.5-6.5 | 18-35|1.45-1.70| 0.60-6.00 |0.07-0.13| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .15 | .28 |

 | 41-60 | 4.5-6.5 | 27-45|1.45-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.06-0.12| 3.0-5.9 |0.1-0.5| .10 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

RoF: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bradyville--------------| 0-6 | 5.1-5.5 | 8-20|1.35-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .32 | 3

 | 6-44 | 5.1-7.3 | 40-60|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | 44-48 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.06 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

ShB: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Shady-------------------| 0-8 | 4.5-6.5 | 10-25|1.35-1.50| 0.60-6.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .28 | .28 | 5

 | 8-60 | 4.5-6.5 | 20-35|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

ShC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Shady-------------------| 0-8 | 4.5-6.5 | 10-25|1.35-1.50| 0.60-6.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .28 | .28 | 5

 | 8-60 | 4.5-6.5 | 20-35|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

St: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Steadman----------------| 0-7 | 5.6-7.8 | 20-35|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.26| 0.0-2.9 |2.0-4.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 7-36 | 5.6-7.8 | 18-35|1.20-1.40| 0.20-0.60 |0.17-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 36-64 | 5.6-7.8 | 18-35|1.20-1.40| 0.20-0.60 |0.17-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

SuC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------| 0-3 | 4.5-5.5 | 10-27|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.14| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-2.0| .24 | .28 | 2

 | 3-13 | 4.5-5.5 | 18-35|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .17 | .28 |

 | 13-20 | --- | --- | --- | 0.06-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 3-22 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | 22-60 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
364 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |Erosion factors

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic|_______________

 and soil name | |reaction | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- |matter | | |

 | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T

_________________________|_______|_________|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|___

 | In | pH | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

SuD: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sunlight----------------| 0-3 | 4.5-5.5 | 10-27|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.14| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-2.0| .24 | .28 | 2

 | 3-13 | 4.5-5.5 | 18-35|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .17 | .28 |

 | 13-20 | --- | --- | --- | 0.06-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Apison------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-5.5 | 12-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 3-22 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-35|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | 22-60 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

TaB: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Tasso-------------------| 0-9 | 4.5-6.0 | 10-25|1.35-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .32 | 5

 | 9-30 | 4.5-6.0 | 20-35|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 30-42 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-45|1.50-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 42-62 | 4.5-5.5 | 30-45|1.35-1.50| 0.20-2.00 |0.10-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

TaC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Tasso-------------------| 0-9 | 4.5-6.0 | 10-25|1.35-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .32 | 5

 | 9-30 | 4.5-6.0 | 20-35|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 30-42 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-45|1.50-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 42-62 | 4.5-5.5 | 30-45|1.35-1.50| 0.20-2.00 |0.10-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

TeC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------| 0-4 | 4.5-5.5 | 10-25|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .28 | .28 | 3

 | 4-70 | 4.5-5.5 | 30-50|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

TeE3: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------| 0-4 | 4.5-5.5 | 10-25|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .28 | .28 | 3

 | 4-70 | 4.5-5.5 | 30-50|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

ThF: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------| 0-4 | 4.5-5.5 | 10-25|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .28 | .28 | 5

 | 4-70 | 4.5-5.5 | 30-50|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Red Hills---------------| 0-4 | 4.5-6.0 | 10-25|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-4.0| .20 | .24 | 3

 | 4-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-35|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .24 |

 | 26-32 | --- | --- | --- | 0.20-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

TkD: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Tellico-----------------| 0-4 | 4.5-5.5 | 10-25|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .28 | .28 | 3

 | 4-70 | 4.5-5.5 | 30-50|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Steekee-----------------| 0-4 | 4.5-6.0 | 8-18|1.40-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .24 | .24 | 2

 | 4-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 25-40|1.40-1.55| 0.60-6.00 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-1.0| .28 | .28 |

 | 10-14 | 4.5-6.0 | 25-40|1.40-1.55| 0.60-6.00 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | 14-60 | --- | --- | --- | 0.20-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

To: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Toccoa------------------| 0-10 | 5.1-6.5 | 7-17|1.35-1.45| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.12| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-2.0| .24 | .24 | 5

 | 10-60 | 5.1-6.5 | 2-19|1.40-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.12| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .20 | .20 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

TwB2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Townley-----------------| 0-5 | 4.5-5.5 | 10-27|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.14| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 5-28 | 4.5-5.5 | 30-60|1.30-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .32 |

 | 28-50 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Coile-------------------| 0-3 | 4.5-6.0 | 7-30|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.33-0.46| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .24 | .32 | 2

 | 3-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-50|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.30| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 10-18 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-50|1.20-1.50| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.30| 0.0-2.9 |0.1-0.5| .20 | .28 |

 | 18-24 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

UDC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents--------------| --- | 3.6-7.3 | --- | --- | 0.06-2.00 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | -

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 365

Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |Erosion factors

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic|_______________

 and soil name | |reaction | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- |matter | | |

 | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T

_________________________|_______|_________|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|___

 | In | pH | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

UnE: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Unicoi------------------| 0-5 | 3.6-5.5 | 5-20|1.45-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.06-0.09| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .15 | .24 | 1

 | 5-15 | 3.6-5.5 | 5-20|1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.09| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .15 | .24 |

 | 15-20 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

UoG: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Unicoi------------------| 0-5 | 3.6-5.5 | 5-20|1.45-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.06-0.09| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .15 | .24 | 1

 | 5-15 | 3.6-5.5 | 5-20|1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.09| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .15 | .24 |

 | 15-20 | --- | --- | --- | 0.00-0.01 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

URC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

UU: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents--------------| --- | 3.6-7.3 | --- | --- | 0.06-2.00 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | -

 | | | | | | | | | | |

W: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Water. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

WaB2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------| 0-7 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-35|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .28 | 5

 | 7-79 | 4.5-5.5 | 35-50|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

WaC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------| 0-7 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-35|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .28 | 5

 | 7-79 | 4.5-5.5 | 35-50|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

WbB2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------| 0-8 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-27|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 5

 | 8-60 | 4.5-5.5 | 35-50|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

WbC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------| 0-8 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-27|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 5

 | 8-60 | 4.5-5.5 | 35-50|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

WNC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waynesboro--------------| 0-8 | 4.5-6.0 | 15-27|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 5

 | 8-60 | 4.5-5.5 | 35-50|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

WoB: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wolftever---------------| 0-8 | 4.5-6.0 | 18-35|1.35-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 5

 | 8-16 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-40|1.35-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.15-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 16-72 | 4.5-5.5 | 35-55|1.40-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.13-0.17| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

WoC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wolftever---------------| 0-8 | 4.5-6.0 | 18-35|1.35-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 5

 | 8-16 | 4.5-5.5 | 20-40|1.35-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.15-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 16-72 | 4.5-5.5 | 35-55|1.40-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.13-0.17| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

_________________________|_______|_________|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|___
366 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Soil Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that the

 feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated.)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |___________________________________________|_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | Hardness | steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_________________|____________|____________

 | | In | | |

 | | | | |

AaB2: | | | | |

 Alcoa------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

AaC2: | | | | |

 Alcoa------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

AaD2: | | | | |

 Alcoa------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

AcF: | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

 Coile------------------|Bedrock | 9-20 |Moderately |Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

AsC: | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

 Sunlight---------------|Bedrock | 10-20 |Moderately |Low |High

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

AsF: | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Bedrock | 20-40 | --- |Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | | |

 | | | | |

 Sunlight---------------|Bedrock | 10-20 | --- |Low |High

 | (paralithic) | | | |

 | | | | |

At: | | | | |

 Atkins-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

 Arkaqua----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

BeB: | | | | |

 Bellamy----------------|Fragipan | 18-36 |Weakly cemented |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

Bm: | | | | |

 Bloomingdale-----------| --- | --- | --- |High |Low

 | | | | |

BoC2: | | | | |

 Bodine-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |High

 | | | | |

BoD2: | | | | |

 Bodine-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |High

 | | | | |

BoF2: | | | | |

 Bodine-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |High

 | | | | |

BrE: | | | | |

 Bradyville-------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 40-60 |Indurated |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

BrF: | | | | |

 Bradyville-------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 40-60 |Indurated |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 367

Table 16.--Soil Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |___________________________________________|_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | Hardness | steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_________________|____________|____________

 | | In | | |

 | | | | |

CaF: | | | | |

 Cataska----------------|Bedrock | 10-20 |Moderately |Low |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

CaG: | | | | |

 Cataska----------------|Bedrock | 10-20 |Moderately |Low |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

CgC: | | | | |

 Coghill----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

CgD: | | | | |

 Coghill----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

CnC2: | | | | |

 Coile------------------|Bedrock | 9-20 |Weakly cemented |Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | | |

 | | | | |

CnD2: | | | | |

 Coile------------------|Bedrock | 9-20 |Weakly cemented |Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | | |

 | | | | |

CnE3: | | | | |

 Coile------------------|Bedrock | 9-20 |Weakly cemented |Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | | |

 | | | | |

CoC2: | | | | |

 Collegedale------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

CrB: | | | | |

 Corryton---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

 Needmore---------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |High |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

CtB2: | | | | |

 Corryton---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

 Townley----------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |Moderate |High

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

CtC2: | | | | |

 Corryton---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

 Townley----------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |Moderate |High

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

CUC: | | | | |

 Corryton---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | |

 | | | | |

DcB2: | | | | |

 Decatur----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |
368 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Soil Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |___________________________________________|_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | Hardness | steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_________________|____________|____________

 | | In | | |

 | | | | |

DcC2: | | | | |

 Decatur----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

DcD2: | | | | |

 Decatur----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

DeB: | | | | |

 Dewey------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

DwC2: | | | | |

 Dewey------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

DwD2: | | | | |

 Dewey------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

DX: | | | | |

 Dumps, landfills. | | | | |

 | | | | |

DY: | | | | |

 Dumps, pulpwood | | | | |

 processing waste. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Ea: | | | | |

 Emory------------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

Eo: | | | | |

 Etowah-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Moderate

 | | | | |

EtB: | | | | |

 Etowah-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Moderate

 | | | | |

EtC: | | | | |

 Etowah-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Moderate

 | | | | |

FcB2: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

FgC2: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

FgD2: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

FgE3: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

FgF2: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

FRC: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | |

 | | | | |

FRD: | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Ha: | | | | |

 Hamblen----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 369

Table 16.--Soil Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |___________________________________________|_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | Hardness | steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_________________|____________|____________

 | | In | | |

 | | | | |

HrC: | | | | |

 Harmiller--------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |Low |High

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

KeC: | | | | |

 Keener-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |High

 | | | | |

 Lostcove---------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |High

 | | | | |

KeF: | | | | |

 Keener-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |High

 | | | | |

 Lostcove---------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |High

 | | | | |

LoD: | | | | |

 Lostcove---------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |High

 | | | | |

LoE: | | | | |

 Lostcove---------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |High

 | | | | |

McD: | | | | |

 McCamy-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 |Indurated |Moderate |High

 | | | | |

MfF: | | | | |

 Minvale----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Low

 | | | | |

 Fullerton--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

MnC: | | | | |

 Minvale----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Low

 | | | | |

MnD: | | | | |

 Minvale----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Low

 | | | | |

NcC: | | | | |

 Needmore---------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |High |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

 Corryton---------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |High

 | | | | |

Ne: | | | | |

 Neubert----------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Low

 | | | | |

NnC: | | | | |

 Nonaburg---------------|Bedrock | 8-20 |Very strongly |High |Low

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

 Needmore---------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |High |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

NnD: | | | | |

 Nonaburg---------------|Bedrock | 8-20 |Very strongly |High |Low

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

 Needmore---------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |High |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

NoF: | | | | |

 Nonaburg---------------|Bedrock | 8-20 |Very strongly |High |Low

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |
370 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Soil Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |___________________________________________|_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | Hardness | steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_________________|____________|____________

 | | In | | |

 | | | | |

NoF: | | | | |

 Needmore---------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |High |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Pe: | | | | |

 Pettyjon---------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Low

 | | | | |

PM: | | | | |

 Pits, Mines, Dumps. | | | | |

 | | | | |

RhF: | | | | |

 Red Hills--------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

 Steekee----------------|Bedrock | 12-20 |Moderately |Low |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

Rk: | | | | |

 Rockdell---------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Moderate

 | | | | |

RoF: | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Bradyville-------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 40-60 |Indurated |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

ShB: | | | | |

 Shady------------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Moderate

 | | | | |

ShC: | | | | |

 Shady------------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Moderate

 | | | | |

St: | | | | |

 Steadman---------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Low

 | | | | |

SuC: | | | | |

 Sunlight---------------|Bedrock | 10-20 |Moderately |Low |High

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

SuD: | | | | |

 Sunlight---------------|Bedrock | 10-20 |Moderately |Low |High

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

 Apison-----------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

TaB: | | | | |

 Tasso------------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

TaC: | | | | |

 Tasso------------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

TeC: | | | | |

 Tellico----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

TeE3: | | | | |

 Tellico----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 371

Table 16.--Soil Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |___________________________________________|_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | Hardness | steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_________________|____________|____________

 | | In | | |

 | | | | |

ThF: | | | | |

 Tellico----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

 Red Hills--------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

TkD: | | | | |

 Tellico----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

 Steekee----------------|Bedrock | 12-20 |Moderately |Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

To: | | | | |

 Toccoa-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Moderate

 | | | | |

TwB2: | | | | |

 Townley----------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Moderately |Moderate |High

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

 Coile------------------|Bedrock | 9-20 |Moderately |Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | cemented | |

 | | | | |

UDC: | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | |

 | | | | |

UnE: | | | | |

 Unicoi-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 7-20 |Indurated |Low |High

 | | | | |

UoG: | | | | |

 Unicoi-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 7-20 |Indurated |Low |High

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

URC: | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | |

 | | | | |

UU: | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | |

 | | | | |

W: | | | | |

 Water. | | | | |

 | | | | |

WaB2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro-------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High

 | | | | |

WaC2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro-------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High

 | | | | |

WbB2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro-------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High

 | | | | |

WbC2: | | | | |

 Waynesboro-------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High

 | | | | |

WNC: | | | | |

 Waynesboro-------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High

 | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | |

 | | | | |
372 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Soil Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |___________________________________________|_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | Hardness | steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_________________|____________|____________

 | | In | | |

 | | | | |

WoB: | | | | |

 Wolftever--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High

 | | | | |

WoC: | | | | |

 Wolftever--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High

________________________|_________________|_______|_________________|____________|____________
McMinn County, Tennessee 373

Table 17.--Water Features

(Depths of layers are in feet. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Estimates of the frequency of

 ponding and flooding apply to the whole year rather than to individual months. Absence of an entry indicates

 that the feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |_______________|_____________________________|_________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | |

___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|____________|____________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

AaB2: | | | | | | | | |

 Alcoa---------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

AaC2: | | | | | | | | |

 Alcoa---------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

AaD2: | | | | | | | | |

 Alcoa---------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

AcF: | | | | | | | | |

 Apison--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Coile---------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

AsC: | | | | | | | | |

 Apison--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Sunlight------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

AsF: | | | | | | | | |

 Apison--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Sunlight------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

At: | | | | | | | | |

 Atkins--------------------| D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | | | | | | | | |

 Arkaqua-------------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |February |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |March |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |April |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |December |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | | | | | | | | |

BeB: | | | | | | | | |

 Bellamy-------------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.2-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.2-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.2-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |1.2-2.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

Bm: | | | | | | | | |

 Bloomingdale--------------| D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | | | | | | | | |
374 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |_______________|_____________________________|_________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | |

___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|____________|____________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

BoC2: | | | | | | | | |

 Bodine--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

BoD2: | | | | | | | | |

 Bodine--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

BoF2: | | | | | | | | |

 Bodine--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

BrE: | | | | | | | | |

 Bradyville----------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

BrF: | | | | | | | | |

 Bradyville----------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

CaF: | | | | | | | | |

 Cataska-------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

CaG: | | | | | | | | |

 Cataska-------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

CgC: | | | | | | | | |

 Coghill-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Apison--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

CgD: | | | | | | | | |

 Coghill-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Apison--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

CnC2: | | | | | | | | |

 Coile---------------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

CnD2: | | | | | | | | |

 Coile---------------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

CnE3: | | | | | | | | |

 Coile---------------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

CoC2: | | | | | | | | |

 Collegedale---------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

CrB: | | | | | | | | |

 Corryton------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Needmore------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

CtB2: | | | | | | | | |

 Corryton------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Townley-------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

CtC2: | | | | | | | | |

 Corryton------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Townley-------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 375

Table 17.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |_______________|_____________________________|_________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | |

___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|____________|____________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

CUC: | | | | | | | | |

 Corryton------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

DcB2: | | | | | | | | |

 Decatur-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

DcC2: | | | | | | | | |

 Decatur-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

DcD2: | | | | | | | | |

 Decatur-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

DeB: | | | | | | | | |

 Dewey---------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

DwC2: | | | | | | | | |

 Dewey---------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

DwD2: | | | | | | | | |

 Dewey---------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

DX: | | | | | | | | |

 Dumps, landfills. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

DY: | | | | | | | | |

 Dumps, pulpwood processing| | | | | | | | |

 waste--------------------| --- | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-2.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| --- | None

 | |February |0.0-2.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| --- | None

 | |March |0.0-2.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| --- | None

 | |April |0.0-2.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| --- | None

 | |May |0.0-4.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |June |0.0-4.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |July |0.0-4.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |August |0.0-4.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |September |0.0-4.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |October |0.0-4.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |November |0.0-2.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| --- | None

 | |December |0.0-2.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

Ea: | | | | | | | | |

 Emory---------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |5.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |February |5.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |March |5.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |December |5.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | | | | | | | | |

Eo: | | | | | | | | |

 Etowah--------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |February | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |March | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |December | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | | | | | | | | |

EtB: | | | | | | | | |

 Etowah--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

EtC: | | | | | | | | |

 Etowah--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
376 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |_______________|_____________________________|_________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | |

___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|____________|____________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

FcB2: | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

FgC2: | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

FgD2: | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

FgE3: | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

FgF2: | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

FRC: | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

FRD: | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

Ha: | | | | | | | | |

 Hamblen-------------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.7-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |February |1.7-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |March |1.7-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |December |1.7-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | | | | | | | | |

HrC: | | | | | | | | |

 Harmiller-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

KeC: | | | | | | | | |

 Keener--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Lostcove------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

KeF: | | | | | | | | |

 Keener--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Lostcove------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

LoD: | | | | | | | | |

 Lostcove------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

LoE: | | | | | | | | |

 Lostcove------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

McD: | | | | | | | | |

 McCamy--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

MfF: | | | | | | | | |

 Minvale-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Fullerton-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

MnC: | | | | | | | | |

 Minvale-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 377

Table 17.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |_______________|_____________________________|_________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | |

___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|____________|____________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

MnD: | | | | | | | | |

 Minvale-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

NcC: | | | | | | | | |

 Needmore------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Corryton------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

Ne: | | | | | | | | |

 Neubert-------------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.7-3.3| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |February |1.7-3.3| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |March |1.7-3.3| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |December |1.7-3.3| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | | | | | | | | |

NnC: | | | | | | | | |

 Nonaburg------------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Needmore------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

NnD: | | | | | | | | |

 Nonaburg------------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Needmore------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

NoF: | | | | | | | | |

 Nonaburg------------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Needmore------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

Pe: | | | | | | | | |

 Pettyjon------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |5.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |February |5.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |March |5.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |December | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | | | | | | | | |

PM: | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, Mines, Dumps. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

RhF: | | | | | | | | |

 Red Hills-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Steekee-------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

Rk: | | | | | | | | |

 Rockdell------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |3.5-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |February |3.5-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |March |3.5-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |April |3.5-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |3.5-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |3.5-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | | | | | | | | |

RoF: | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

 Bradyville----------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
378 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |_______________|_____________________________|_________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | |

___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|____________|____________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

ShB: | | | | | | | | |

 Shady---------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

ShC: | | | | | | | | |

 Shady---------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

St: | | | | | | | | |

 Steadman------------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |February |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |March |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |April |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |December |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | | | | | | | | |

SuC: | | | | | | | | |

 Sunlight------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Apison--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

SuD: | | | | | | | | |

 Sunlight------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Apison--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

TaB: | | | | | | | | |

 Tasso---------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |2.0-3.0|3.0-4.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |2.0-3.0|3.0-4.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.0|3.0-4.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |2.0-3.0|3.0-4.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

TaC: | | | | | | | | |

 Tasso---------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |2.0-3.0|3.0-4.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |2.0-3.0|3.0-4.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.0|3.0-4.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |2.0-3.0|3.0-4.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

TeC: | | | | | | | | |

 Tellico-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

TeE3: | | | | | | | | |

 Tellico-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

ThF: | | | | | | | | |

 Tellico-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Red Hills-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

TkD: | | | | | | | | |

 Tellico-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Steekee-------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

To: | | | | | | | | |

 Toccoa--------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | | | | | | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 379

Table 17.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |_______________|_____________________________|_________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | |

___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|____________|____________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

TwB2: | | | | | | | | |

 Townley-------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Coile---------------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

UDC: | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

UnE: | | | | | | | | |

 Unicoi--------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

UoG: | | | | | | | | |

 Unicoi--------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

URC: | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

UU: | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land----------------| --- |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Rare

 | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents----------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Rare

 | |February |1.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Rare

 | |March |1.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Rare

 | |April |1.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Rare

 | |May |1.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Rare

 | |June | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Rare

 | |July | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Rare

 | |August | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Rare

 | |September | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Rare

 | |October |1.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Rare

 | |November |1.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Rare

 | |December |1.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Rare

 | | | | | | | | |

WaB2: | | | | | | | | |

 Waynesboro----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

WaC2: | | | | | | | | |

 Waynesboro----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

WbB2: | | | | | | | | |

 Waynesboro----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

WbC2: | | | | | | | | |

 Waynesboro----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

WNC: | | | | | | | | |

 Waynesboro----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

WoB: | | | | | | | | |

 Wolftever-----------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |2.1-3.4| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |February |2.1-3.4| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |March |2.1-3.4| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |April |3.4-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |December |2.1-3.4| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | | | | | | | | |
380 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |_______________|_____________________________|_________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | |

___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|____________|____________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

WoC: | | | | | | | | |

 Wolftever-----------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |2.1-3.4| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |2.1-3.4| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.1-3.4| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |2.1-3.4| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|____________|____________
McMinn County, Tennessee 381

Table 18.--Classification of the Soils

(An asterisk in the first column indicates a taxadjunct to the series. See text for a description of

 those characteristics that are outside the range of the series.)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

__________________________|___________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Alcoa--------------------|Fine, parasesquic, thermic Rhodic Paleudults

 Apison-------------------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults

 Arkaqua------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Fluvaquentic Dystrudepts

 Atkins-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, acid, mesic Typic Fluvaquents

 Bellamy------------------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Fragiaquic Hapludults

 Bloomingdale-------------|Fine, mixed, semiactive, nonacid, thermic Typic Endoaquepts

 Bodine-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudults

 Bradyville---------------|Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludalfs

 Cataska------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive, mesic, shallow Typic Dystrudepts

 Coghill------------------|Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults

 Coile--------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive, thermic, shallow Ruptic-Ultic

 | Dystrudepts

 Collegedale--------------|Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudults

 Corryton-----------------|Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults

 Decatur------------------|Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Paleudults

 Dewey--------------------|Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Paleudults

 Emory--------------------|Fine-silty, siliceous, active, thermic Fluventic Humic Dystrudepts

 Etowah-------------------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudults

 Fullerton----------------|Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Paleudults

 Hamblen------------------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts

 Harmiller----------------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults

 Keener-------------------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults

*Lostcove-----------------|Loamy-skeletal, siliceous, active, mesic Typic Hapludults

 McCamy-------------------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults

 Minvale------------------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Paleudults

*Needmore-----------------|Fine, mixed, active, mesic Ultic Hapludalfs

 Neubert------------------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Oxyaquic Eutrudepts

 Nonaburg-----------------|Clayey, mixed, active, thermic, shallow Inceptic Hapludalfs

 Pettyjon-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Dystric Fluventic Eutrudepts

 Red Hills----------------|Fine-loamy, parasesquic, thermic Humic Dystrudepts

 Rockdell-----------------|Loamy-skeletal, siliceous, active, thermic Dystric Fluventic Eutrudepts

 Shady--------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults

 Steadman-----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts

 Steekee------------------|Loamy, parasesquic, thermic, shallow Ruptic-Ultic Dystrudepts

 Sunlight-----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive, thermic, shallow Inceptic Hapludults

 Tasso--------------------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Fragic Paleudults

 Tellico------------------|Fine, parasesquic, thermic Typic Rhodudults

 Toccoa-------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, thermic Typic Udifluvents

 Townley------------------|Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults

 Udorthents---------------|Udorthents

 Unicoi-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive, mesic Lithic Dystrudepts

 Waynesboro---------------|Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Paleudults

 Wolftever----------------|Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults

__________________________|___________________________________________________________________________
382 Soil Survey

Table 19.--Geologic Systems, Formations, and Predominant Soils

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Period/Epoch | Million years | Geologic formation | Description of parent | Common soil

 |before present | or soil parent | material | series

 | | material | |

________________|_______________|______________________|___________________________|____________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

Quaternary/ | 0.0 to 0.01 |Unconsolidated |Sand, silt, and clay with |Atkins,

 Holocene | | alluvium | some gravel and cobbles | Bloomingdale,

 | | | that washed from upland | Neubert, Hamblen,

 | | | slopes; some materials | Steadman, Toccoa,

 | | | moved long distances by | Shady

 | | | rivers and streams |

________________|_______________|______________________|___________________________|____________________

 | | | |

Quaternary/ | 0.01 to 1.8 |Unconsolidated |Sand, silt, and clay that |Etowah, Waynesboro,

 Pleistocene | | alluvium and | were deposited by ancient | Decatur, Lostcove,

 | | colluvium | streams and rivers or | Keener, Tasso,

 | | | materials that were moved | Minvale, Dewey

 | | | by gravity or mass | Dewey (upper part

 | | | movements; many times, | of the profile),

 | | | materials deposited by | Fullerton (upper

 | | | colluvial forces contain | part of the

 | | | rock fragments that are | profile)

 | | | cobble, stone, or boulder |

 | | | sized |Most of these soils

 | | | | overlie Conasauga

 | | | | Shale in the Ridges

 | | | | and Valleys area

 | | | | of the county; in

 | | | | the Blue Ridge

 | | | | area of the

 | | | | county, these

 | | | | soils overlie the

 | | | | Sandsuck Shale

________________|_______________|______________________|___________________________|____________________

 | | | |

Ordovician | 460 to 500 |Ottosee Shale |Yellow, weathered shale and|Needmore, Nonaburg

 (Middle) | | | shaley limestone; some |

 | | | quartzose limestone |

 | | | lenses; some crystalline |

 | | | limestone (USGS 1952b) |

 | | | |

 | |Holstone Limestone |Red and blue crystalline |Tellico, Skeekee,

 | (Chickamauga | | quartzose limestone | Red Hills,

 | Supergroup) | | (USGS 1952b) | Coghill

 | | | |

 | |Athens Shale |Yellow, weathered, |Needmore, Nonaburg

 | | | calcareous shale and |

 | | | shaley limestone |

 | | | (USGS 1952a) |

 | |______________________|___________________________|____________________

 | | | |

 | |Lenoir Limestone |Blue argillaceous |Tellico, Skeekee,

 | | | limestone, red near base | Red Hill, Coghill,

 | | | (USGS 1952b) | Bradyville

 |_______________|______________________|___________________________|____________________

 | | | |

Ordovician | 485 to 500 |Mascot Dolomite |Gray, well bedded dolomite |Fullerton, Dewey,

 (Early) | | | that has layers of | Bodine

 | | | limestone; sandy layers |

 | | | near base (USGS 1952b) |

 | | | |

 | (Knox Group) |Kingsport Formation |Gray, well bedded dolomite |Fullerton, Dewey

 | | | that has some limestone |

 | | | in the lower part (USGS |

 | | | 1952b); well bedded |

 | | | dolomite that has much |

 | | | chert in residuum (USGS |

 | | | 1952b) |

 | | | |
McMinn County, Tennessee 383

Table 19.--Geologic Systems, Formations, and Predominant Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Period/Epoch | Million years | Geologic formation | Description of parent | Common soil

 |before present | or soil parent | material | series

 | | material | |

________________|_______________|______________________|___________________________|____________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

Ordovician |(Knox Group)-- |Longview Dolomite |Well bedded dolomite that |Bodine, Fullerton

 (Early)--cont. | cont. | | has much chert in |

 | | | residuum (USGS 1952b) |

 | | | |

 | |Chepultepec Dolomite |Gray, well bedded dolomite |Fullerton, Dewey

 | | | that has sandy layers |

 | | | near the base (USGS |

 | | | 1952b) |

________________|_______________|______________________|___________________________|____________________

 | | | |

Cambrian (Late) | 500 to 515 |Copper Ridge Dolomite |Gray, tabular, mostly |Bodine, Fullerton,

 | | | massive dolomite; much | Dewey

 | | | chert in residuum (USGS |

 | | | 1952b) |

 |_______________|______________________|___________________________|____________________

 | | | |

Cambrian | 515 to 540 |Conasauga Group |Greenish, noncalcareous |Coile, Townley,

 (Middle) | | | shale that has a few | Apison, Corryton

 | | | lenses of blue limestone; |

 | | | includes Maynardville |

 | | | Limestone in the upper |

 | | | part (blue and gray |

 | | | limestone and dolomite) |

 | | | (USGS 1952b) |

 | | | |

 | 515 to 570 |Rome Formation |Heterogeneous mixture of |Sunlight, Apison

 | | | yellow and brown |

 | | | sandstone; red, purple, |

 | | | and green siltstone; and |

 | | | silty shale that has thin |

 | | | layers of limestone and |

 | | | dolomite (USGS 1952b) |

 |_______________|______________________|___________________________|___________________

 | | | |

Cambrian (Early)| 540 to 570 |Nebo Sandstone (part |Quartz cemented sandstone |McCamy, Unicoi

 | | of the Erwin | (quartzite)(USGS and |

 | | Formation) | Tennessee Division of |

 | | | Geology 1953) |

 | | | |

 | | | |

 | |Nichols Shale (part of|Dark, silty and sandy |Cataska, Harmiller

 | | the Hampton | shale; some argillaceous |

 | | Formation) | shale; commonly well |

 | | | laminated with mica flakes|

 | | | and detridal mica (USGS |

 | | | and Tennessee Division of |

 | | | Geology 1953) |

 | | | |

 | |Cochran Conglomerate |Highly feldspathic |Unicoi, Harmiller

 | | (part of the Unicoi | sandstone and conglomerate|

 | | Formation)(the Unicoi| (USGS and Tennessee |

 | | Formation and Cochran| Division of Geology |

 | | Conglomerate make up | 1953) |

 | | the Chilhowee Group) | |

 | | | |
384

Table 19.--Geologic Systems, Formations, and Predominant Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Period/Epoch | Million years | Geologic formation | Description of parent | Common soil

 |before present | or soil parent | material | series

 | | material | |

________________|_______________|______________________|___________________________|____________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

Precambrian/ | 570 + |Sandsuck Shale |Silty shale with some |Mostly buried with

 Late Proterozic| | (Ocoee series with | coarse grained rocks that | colluvium

 | | Pigeon Siltstone) | have pebbles and |

 | | | calcareous cement with |Lostcove and Keener

 | | | large slabs of limestone, | in colluvium

 | | | slate, and calcareous | overlying Sandsuck

 | | | sandstone (USGS and | Shale

 | | | Tennessee Division of |

 | | | Geology 1953) |

________________|_______________|______________________|___________________________|____________________