EPA/625/R-03/003 

February 2003 

National Conference on


Urban Storm Water:


Enhancing Programs


at the Local Level


Proceedings


Chicago, IL


February 17-20, 2003


Technology Transfer and Support Division 

National Risk Management Research Laboratory 

Office of Research and Development 

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 
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NOTICE

Mention of trade names or commercial products does not 

constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. 

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FOREWORD

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is charged by Congress with 

protecting the Nation’s land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of 

national environmental laws, the Agency strives to formulate and implement actions leading to a compatible balance between human activities 

and the ability of natural systems to support and nurture life.To meet this 

mandate, EPA’s research program is providing data and technical support 

for solving environmental problems today and building a science knowledge base necessary to manage our ecological resources wisely, understand how pollutants affect our health, and prevent or reduce risks in the 

future. 

The National Risk Management Research Laboratory is the Agency’s 

center for investigation of technological and management approaches for 

reducing risks from threats to human health and the environment.The 

focus of the Laboratory’s research program is on methods for the prevention and control of pollution to air, land, water, and subsurface resources; 

protection of water quality in public water systems, remediation of contaminated sites and groundwater; and prevention and control of indoor air 

pollution. The goal of this research is to catalyze development and implementation of innovative, cost-effective environmental technologies; develop scientific and engineering information needed by EPA to support 

regulatory and policy decisions; and provide technical support and information transfer to ensure effective implementation of environmental regulations and strategies. 

This publication has been produced as part of the Laboratory’s strategic longterm research plan. It is published and made available by EPA’s Office of 

Research and Development to assist the user community and to link researchers with their clients. 

Hugh McKinnon, Acting Director 

National Risk Management Research 

Laboratory 

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TABLE OF ABLE OF ABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS

Source Area and Regional StormWater Treatment Practices: Options forAchieving Phase II Retrofit

Requirements inWisconsin ............................................................................................................................ 1

Management Strategies for Urban Stream Rehabilitation .............................................................................. 20

Remediation of Stormwater Residuals Decant with Hydrocotyle Ranunculoides ............................................ 29

Inappropriate Discharge Detection and Elimination: What Phase I Communities are Doing to Address the

Problem ..................................................................................................................................................... 37

Use of the Clean Water State Revolving Fund for Municipal Storm Water Management Programs ................ 51

Planning andAssessment of Best Management Practices in the Rouge RiverWatershed ............................... 59

The Maryland Stormwater Management Program: A New Approach to Stormwater Design ........................ 76

Enhancing StormWater Infiltration to ReduceWater Temperature Downstream ........................................... 85

Local Solutions to Minimizing the Impact of Land Use Change ..................................................................... 98

Thornton Transitional Reservoir Strom Water Management ........................................................................ 106

Developing Split-Flowtm Stormwater Systems ............................................................................................ 114

Reforest the Bluegrass: Empowerment of the Citizen Watershed Manager .................................................. 123

Storm Water Phase I MS4 Permitting:Writing More Effective, Measurable Permits.................................... 134

Conservation Design Tools for Stormwater Management ........................................................................... 142

Using Technical Data and Marketing Research to Change Behavior ........................................................... 147

Evaluating Innovative StormwaterTreatment Technologies Under the EnvironmentalTechnology

Verification (ETV) Program....................................................................................................................... 156

Using an Indicators Database to Measure Stormwater Program Effectiveness in Hampton Roads ............... 167

Using Incentives and OtherActions to ReduceWatershed Impacts from Existing Development................... 181

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TABLE OF ABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) 

Lessons Learned from In-Field Evaluations of Phase I Municipal Storm Water Programs ........................... 191

EcoRoofs (Greenroofs) - A More Sustainable Infrastructure ...................................................................... 198

Storm Water Management in the City of Chicago ...................................................................................... 215

Regional Facility vs. On-Site Development Regulations: Increasing Flexibility and Effectiveness in

Development Regulation Implementation ................................................................................................... 221

A Regional Approach to Phase II Permitting Encourages Cooperation and Reduces Cost .......................... 236

Fish Community Response in a Rapidly Suburbanizing Landscape .............................................................. 253

Elements of Successful Stormwater Outreach and Education ...................................................................... 263

AConservation Plan for Three Watersheds within the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District

(MMSD) .................................................................................................................................................. 272

Critical Components for Successful Planning, Design, Construction and Maintenance of Stormwater

Best Management Practices ...................................................................................................................... 291

Evaluation of NPDES Phase I Municipal Stormwater Monitoring Data ....................................................... 306

Funding Phase II Storm Water Programs ................................................................................................... 328

Protecting Water Resources with Higher Density Developments ................................................................. 340

Predicting the Impact of Urban Development on StreamTemperature Using aThermal Urban Runoff

Model (TURM) ........................................................................................................................................ 369

Rain Barrels--Truth or Consequences....................................................................................................... 390

The StrangerAmonst Us: Urban Runoff, The Forgotten LocalWater Resource .......................................... 395

AProcess for DeterminingAppropriate Impact Indicators forWatershed Projects ..................................... 409

Dual Function Growth Medium and Structural Soil for Use as Porous Pavement ........................................ 416

The Wash Project--Thinking Outside the Culvert ...................................................................................... 427

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Posters Posters

TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) 

Necessity and Opportunity: Urban Stormwater Management in Rockville, Maryland .................................. 440

Re-Inventing Urban Hydrology in British Columbia: Runoff Volume Management forWatershed

Protection ................................................................................................................................................. 453

Development of the San Diego Creek Natural Treatment System ............................................................... 470

"Sherlocks of Stormwater" Effective InvestigationTechniques for Illicit Connection and Discharge

Detection .................................................................................................................................................. 489

Low Impact Development Strategies for Rural Communities ...................................................................... 497

An Assessment and Proposed Classification of Current Construction and Post Construction Structural

Best Management Practices (BMPs) ......................................................................................................... 502

Overcoming Challenges in Establishing a Regional Public Education and Outreach Partnership .................... 518

The WaterShed Partners:An Education Collaboration thatWorks ............................................................. 526

Educating the LasVegas Community about StormWater Pollution ............................................................. 537

Illicit and Industrial StormWater Controls:AMunicipal Perspective ........................................................... 546

AReassessment of the Expanded EPA/ASCE National BMPDatabase .................................................... 555

Posters 

EPA's Management Measures Guidance to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution fromUrban Areas: It's

Time to Develop and ImplementYour StormWater Management Program....AreYou Ready? ................... 574

Evaluating Innovative StormwaterTreatment Technologies Under the EnvironmentalTechnology

Verification (ETV) Program....................................................................................................................... 580

Managing StormWater inWisconsin: ALocal Partnership Protects the Kinnickinnic River.......................... 582

Duluth Streams: Community Partnership for Understanding Urban Stormwater andWater Quality Issues

at the Head of the Great Lakes ................................................................................................................. 600

Maximum Utility for Minimum Cost: Simple Structural Methods for Stormwater Quality Improvement ........ 601

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ABSTRACT

A wide array of effective storm water management and resource protection

tools have been developed for urban environments, but their implementation

continues to be hampered by a lack of technology transfer opportunities. At 

the national conference Urban Storm Water: Enhancing Programs at the Local Level, attendees learned about state-of-the-art technologies and imple­ mentation programs that have proven success in local communities. 

The timing of this Conference coincided well with the implementation of U.S. EPA’s Phase II NPDES Storm Water Program. Participants learned about 

the most effective tools and technologies for meeting these new NPDES

permit requirements. Attendees included staff and engineers representing

local municipalities, as well as water resource managers, conservation

groups, local officials, researchers, educators, and state agency personnel. 

Conference sessions featured progressive scientists and researchers, along

with managers of successful projects from across the country. Two concurrent sessions—one focusing on tools and technology, the other focusing on 

program implementation—allowed participants to tailor the Conference ex­ perience to fit their personal educational goals. 

This Conference was the fifth in a popular series of water quality specialty

conferences sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Region 5 Water Division office. The Chicago Botanic Garden, which is owned 

by the Forest Preserve District of Cook County and managed by the Chicago

Horticultural Society, was pleased to coordinate the conference. Also cosponsoring the event were the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Wastewater Management and Office of Research and Development, 

as well as Tetra Tech, Inc. The conference was conducted in cooperation 

with the Center for Watershed Protection. Approximately 350 attendees par­ ticipated. 

Three pre-conference workshops were held on February 17. Smart Water­ sheds: Building Municipal Programs to Restore UrbanWatersheds pro­ vided practical and useful advice on how to implement “smart” watershed 

programs, which relate to a group of 17 municipal programs that can be integrated together at the watershed level to improve the quality of runoff and

habitat in urban streams. The workshop was led by staff from the Center for 

Watershed Protection. The second pre-conference workshop, Countdown 

to the Phase II Implementation Deadline: Putting the Final Touches on 

Your Storm Water Permit, presented details that Phase II municipal pro- grams and construction site operators need to know in order to complete

their programs and storm water permit applications. Instructors for this workshop were staff from 

Tetra Tech, Inc.The third pre-conference workshop, Certified Professional 

in StormWater Quality (CPSWQ) Exam Review Course, provided participants with an understanding the CPSWQ exam’s content and format. Instructors for this workshop were from Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control, Inc. 

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This Conference Proceedings includes many of the papers presented during the conference, and a copy has been provided to each attendee. All papers included were peer reviewed. Additional copies, in either paper or CDROM format, are available free of charge from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s National Center for Environmental Publications: telephone 800/490-9198, or visit their Web site at <http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/>. 

Robert J. Kirschner 

Conference Coordinator, Chicago Botanic Garden 

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The success of the conference and the preparation of this proceedings are due 

largely to the efforts of the presenters as well as the following individuals: 

Conference Planning Committee 

Robert J. Kirschner, Conference Coordinator


Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL


Thomas E. Davenport, Project Officer


U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Region 5, Chicago, IL


Scott Minamyer, Proceedings Editor


U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH


Ted Brown, Center for Watershed Protection, Ellicott City, MD


James H. Collins, Tetra Tech, Inc., Fairfax, VA


Alyssa Dodd, Penn State University, University Park, PA


Rod Frederick, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC


Ralph Reznick, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Lansing, MI


Eric W. Strecker, GeoSyntec Consultants, Portland, OR


Peer Reviewers 

Diana Allen, National Park Service, St. Louis, MO


Lisa Austin, GeoSyntec Consultants, Portland, OR


Brian Bohl, Hamilton Soil and Water Conservation District, Cincinnati, OH


Paul Braasch, Clermont County Office of Environmental Quality, Cincinnati, OH


Donald Brown, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, Cincinnati, OH


Ted Brown, Center for Watershed Protection, Ellicott City, MD


Deb Caraco, Center for Watershed Protection, Ellicott City, MD


Thomas Davenport, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Chicago, IL


Jennifer Deaton, Butler Soil and Water Conservation District, Hamilton, OH


Nancy Ellwood, Mill Creek Watershed Council, Cincinnati, OH


Chi-Yuan Fan, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, Edison, NJ


Richard Field, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, Edison, NJ


Rod Frederick, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OW, Washington, DC


Todd Hesse, GeoSyntec Consultants, Portland, OR


Jim Howell, GeoSyntec Consultants, Portland, OR


Sarah Lehmann, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Chicago, IL


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Marc Leisenring, GeoSyntec Consultants, Portland, OR


Peter Manganella, GeoSyntec Consultants, Portland, OR


Nikki McClain, USDA, NRCS, Muncie, IN


John McManus, Clermont County Office of Environmental Quality, Cincinnati, OH


Scott Minamyer, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, Cincinnati, OH


Nhien Pham, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Chicago, IL


Marsha Rolph, Warren County Soil & Water Conservation District, Lebanon, OH


Joyce Perdek, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, Edison, NJ


Asim Ray, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, Edison, NJ


Steven Roy, GeoSyntec Consultants, Portland, OR


Michael Royer, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, Edison, NJ


Marcus Quigley, GeoSyntec Consultants, Portland, OR


Trent Schade, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, Cincinnati, OH


Tom Schueler, Center for Watershed Protection, Ellicott City, MD


William Shuster, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, Cincinnati, OH


Eric Strecker, GeoSyntec Consultants, Portland, OR


Mary Stinson, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, Edison, NJ


Anthony Tafuri, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, Edison, NJ


Paul Thomas, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Chicago, IL


Ariamalar Selvakumar, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, Edison, NJ


Peter Swenson, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Chicago, IL


Jennifer Zielinski, Center for Watershed Protection, Ellicott City, MD


Publishing Support 

Jean Dye and Steve Wilson, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, Cincinnati, 

OH 

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