Cleveland-Akron, OH

National Compensation Survey

February 1999

________________________________________________________________________________________________

U.S. Department of Labor

Alexis M. Herman, Secretary

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner

September 1999

Bulletin 3095-56
iii

Preface

Data shown in this bulletin were collected as part of the

Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) National Compensation

Survey (NCS). The survey could not have been conducted

without the cooperation of the many private firms and government jurisdictions that provided pay data included in

this bulletin. The Bureau thanks these respondents for their

cooperation.

Field economists of the Bureau of Labor Statistics collected and reviewed the survey data. The Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, in cooperation with the

Office of Field Operations and the Office of Technology

and Survey Processing in the BLS National Office, designed the survey, processed the data, and prepared the

survey for publication.

For additional information regarding this survey, please

contact any BLS regional office at the address and telephone number listed on the inside back cover of this bulletin. You may also write to the Bureau of Labor Statistics

at: Division of Compensation Data Analysis and Planning,

2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Room 4175, Washington,

DC 20212-0001, or call (202) 606-6199, or send e-mail to

ocltinfo@bls.gov.

The data contained in this bulletin are also available at

http://stats.bls.gov/comhome.htm, the BLS Internet site.

Data are in three formats: An ASCII file containing the

published table formats; an ASCII file containing positional

columns of data for manipulation as a data base or spreadsheet; and a Portable Document Format (PDF) file containing the entire bulletin.

Results of earlier surveys of this area are also available

from BLS regional offices, the Division of Compensation

Data Analysis, or at the BLS Internet site.

Material in this bulletin is in the public domain and,

with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. This information will be made available to sensory

impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202)

606-7828; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339.
v

Contents

Page

Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 1

Tables:

A-1. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, all workers, all industries........................................... 2

A-2. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, all workers, private industry and

 State and local government........................................................................................................... 6

A-3. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers,

 all industries ................................................................................................................................. 10

A-4. Weekly and annual earnings and hours for selected occupations,

 full-time workers only, all industries ............................................................................................ 14

B-1. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and levels, all industries,

 private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers ............................ 17

B-2. Mean hourly earnings for selected occupations and levels, all industries,

 private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers ............................ 21

C-1. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and selected characteristics,

 all industries ................................................................................................................................. 26

C-2. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and industry division,

 private industry, all workers ......................................................................................................... 27

C-3. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and establishment employment size,

 private industry, all workers ......................................................................................................... 28

C-4. Number of workers represented by occupational group ............................................................... 29

Appendixes:

A. Technical Note................................................................................................................................. A - 1

 Table 1. Number of establishments studied and represented......................................................... A - 5

 Table 2. Relative standard errors................................................................................................... A - 6

 Table 3. Average work levels ........................................................................................................ A-10

B. Occupational Classifications............................................................................................................ B - 1

C. Generic Leveling Criteria................................................................................................................. C - 1

D. Evaluating Your Firm’s Jobs ........................................................................................................... D - 1

E. A Guide for Users of Prior BLS Wage Surveys............................................................................... E - 1
1

Introduction

The tables in this bulletin summarize the NCS survey results for the Cleveland-Akron, OH metropolitan area.

Tabulations provide information on earnings of workers in

a variety of occupations and at a wide range of work levels.

Also contained in this bulletin are information on the program, a technical note describing survey procedures, and

several appendixes with detailed information on occupational classifications and the generic leveling methodology.

NCS products

The National Compensation Survey of the Bureau of Labor

Statistics provides data on the occupational wages and employee benefits for localities, broad geographic regions,

and the Nation as a whole. The Employment Cost Index, a

quarterly measure of the change in employer costs for

wages and benefits, will be derived from the NCS. Another

product, Employer Costs for Employee Compensation,

measures employers’ average hourly costs for total compensation, that is, wages and benefits. Still another NCS

product measures the incidence of benefit plans and their

provisions. This bulletin is limited to data on occupational

wages and salaries.

About the tables

The tables that follow present data on straight-time occupational earnings. Straight-time earnings include wages

and salaries, incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and

hazard pay. These earnings exclude premium pay for

overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and

tips. A total of 480 detailed occupations are used to describe all occupations in the civilian nonfarm economy (excluding the Federal Government and private households).

Table A-1 presents straight-time earnings for detailed

occupations. Data are not shown for any occupations if

they would raise concerns about the confidentiality of the

survey respondent or if the data are insufficient to support

reliable estimates. The earnings shown include the mean

for each occupation, as well as earnings for selected percentiles in each occupation.

Table A-2 compares the type of data and details shown

in table A-1 for the private industry and State and local

government sector.

Table A-3 compares the type of data and details shown

in table A-1 for full-time and part-time workers. The definitions of full-time and part-time workers are those used in

the surveyed establishments.

Table A-4 presents the weekly and annual straight-time

earnings for full-time employees in specific occupations

across all industries. For the weekly and annual earnings,

the mean and median earnings and the mean hours are

shown. The mean hours reflect hours employees are

scheduled to work, excluding overtime hours.

Table B-1 presents mean straight-time hourly earnings

for groups of occupations and for levels of job requirements related to occupations in the group. Separate data

are also shown for private industry and government workers, and for full-time and part-time workers in all industries. (See appendix C, Generic Leveling Criteria, for more

information on job ranking in this survey. Average work

levels for published occupation groups and their component occupations are presented in appendix table 3.)

Table B-2 also presents mean straight-time hourly

earnings, but for detailed occupations at several levels of

job requirements for each detailed occupation.

Table C-1 presents mean straight-time hourly earnings

for occupation groups and selected occupation characteristics. The occupation characteristics include full-time and

part-time status, union and nonunion status, and time or incentive pay status. Union workers’ wages are determined

through collective bargaining. Time workers’ wages are

based solely on hourly rate or salary. Incentive workers’

wages are at least partially based on productivity payments

such as piece rates, commissions and production bonuses.

Table C-2 presents mean straight-time hourly earnings

for occupation groups and industry division of employers;

these are limited to the private sector.

Table C-3 presents mean straight-time hourly earnings

for occupation groups and the employment size of employers; these are also limited to the private sector.

Table C-4 presents the employment scope of this survey. The occupation employment estimates shown relate to

all employers in the area surveyed, not just the surveyed

employers.
Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries,

Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999

Occupation3

All industries

Mean

Percentiles

10 25 Median

50 75 90

All occupations ....................................................................... $16.21 $7.02 $9.73 $14.05 $20.28 $27.40

All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 16.25 7.42 9.95 14.17 20.33 27.21

White-collar occupations ................................................... 19.36 8.41 11.67 16.68 23.74 34.05

White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 19.82 9.35 12.32 17.21 24.38 34.20

Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ 22.97 12.92 16.74 21.03 27.89 35.79

Professional specialty occupations ............................... 24.60 14.83 18.50 22.46 29.89 36.91

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... 27.76 18.76 22.46 27.89 31.73 36.78

Electrical and electronic engineers ....................... 29.67 20.67 24.46 27.89 29.90 46.73

Industrial engineers .............................................. 25.20 19.96 21.09 24.56 27.40 31.29

Mechanical engineers ........................................... 24.28 15.98 21.35 23.70 29.00 30.78

Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. 28.06 18.27 21.66 29.33 32.72 35.95

Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... 27.59 20.51 23.52 27.11 31.21 36.15

Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... 27.97 21.08 24.18 27.40 31.97 36.19

Natural scientists ...................................................... 26.69 17.33 19.11 23.81 34.01 41.15

Health related occupations ....................................... 22.62 16.74 18.50 20.81 23.26 29.57

Physicians ............................................................ 34.62 17.01 17.09 19.75 53.84 65.00

Registered nurses ................................................ 20.61 16.74 18.50 20.67 22.00 23.84

Respiratory therapists ........................................... 17.79 14.66 17.26 18.50 18.81 19.42

Physical therapists ................................................ 29.09 23.67 24.85 30.67 33.33 33.33

Teachers, college and university .............................. 32.95 22.06 26.09 30.28 37.65 45.83

Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. ......................... 36.44 26.16 29.06 34.79 43.08 49.52

Teachers, except college and university .................. 26.50 13.12 19.13 25.51 35.05 40.33

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................ 15.15 6.50 7.50 9.00 21.74 33.42

Elementary school teachers ................................. 29.90 17.47 22.53 31.13 37.17 41.56

Secondary school teachers .................................. 29.74 18.57 20.65 30.65 36.91 42.73

Teachers, special education ................................. 26.73 19.39 21.74 25.75 33.45 36.63

Teachers, N.E.C. .................................................. 26.83 17.21 19.65 25.25 34.17 39.74

Vocational and educational counselors ................ 23.50 17.07 17.80 19.74 25.92 37.76

Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... 25.73 15.21 18.46 21.78 36.01 44.28

Librarians .............................................................. 21.98 15.00 17.83 18.68 22.52 37.20

Social scientists and urban planners ........................ 27.74 20.52 23.87 24.42 29.81 44.71

Social, recreation, and religious workers .................. 16.47 12.25 13.05 15.27 18.93 24.39

Social workers ...................................................... 16.46 12.25 13.05 15.27 18.78 24.39

Lawyers and judges .................................................. 26.77 12.82 20.48 21.63 36.06 42.31

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... 19.88 12.60 14.83 17.56 22.38 31.25

Designers ............................................................. 22.95 16.77 19.61 22.16 26.64 29.21

Professional occupations, N.E.C. ......................... 19.27 12.74 14.83 17.50 22.00 29.32

Technical occupations .................................................. 17.05 11.09 13.25 15.87 19.47 22.44

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians 15.11 10.67 12.56 15.20 17.46 18.61

Radiological technicians ....................................... 17.94 13.93 15.57 18.26 20.35 21.27

Licensed practical nurses ..................................... 14.65 12.25 13.00 14.21 16.00 18.41

Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ....... 15.85 8.50 12.35 14.89 18.95 19.68

Electrical and electronic technicians ..................... 19.08 14.32 15.61 19.35 22.75 22.75

Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ........................... 13.13 8.50 9.83 12.26 15.71 18.55

Drafters ................................................................. 14.01 8.41 11.97 12.53 15.40 21.78

Computer programmers ....................................... 18.01 12.00 13.85 19.33 20.94 22.64

Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. .......... 17.29 11.06 14.50 18.50 19.97 22.00

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... 27.32 14.50 17.60 23.33 33.08 42.79

Executives, administrators, and managers ............... 31.86 15.94 20.97 28.06 37.16 47.13

Administrators and officials, public administration 26.24 12.02 20.50 26.92 36.17 36.17

Financial managers .............................................. 33.17 20.81 22.15 31.48 41.54 48.08

Managers, marketing, advertising and public

relations .......................................................... 40.74 18.33 24.38 33.17 39.79 60.57

Administrators, education and related fields ......... 35.63 21.84 36.46 38.20 38.65 42.50

Managers, medicine and health ........................... 29.03 16.35 21.63 25.09 34.83 35.44

Managers, service organizations, N.E.C. ............. 21.56 11.03 11.91 19.31 22.20 52.68

Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. 31.94 15.40 21.42 26.97 35.33 50.38

Management related occupations ............................ 19.30 13.55 15.75 18.17 22.45 26.63

Accountants and auditors ..................................... 18.95 13.55 16.59 17.79 20.96 26.63

Other financial officers .......................................... 18.80 13.93 15.17 18.09 21.02 25.10

Personnel, training, and labor relations

specialists ....................................................... 19.77 15.55 16.80 19.46 23.12 24.76

Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................ 23.82 15.87 19.90 25.91 27.19 29.75

See footnotes at end of table.

2
Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries,

Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 — Continued

Occupation3

All industries

Mean

Percentiles

10 25 Median

50 75 90

White-collar occupations (-Continued)

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations 

(-Continued)

Management related occupations (-Continued)

Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ $18.81 $12.87 $14.87 $17.78 $22.23 $28.41

Sales occupations ............................................................ 15.61 6.00 6.63 11.00 19.50 28.96

Supervisors, sales occupations ............................ 21.00 9.00 13.40 17.80 24.47 40.50

Advertising and related sales occupations ........... 18.21 13.54 15.96 18.78 21.25 22.17

Sales occupations, other business services ......... 29.59 14.13 14.90 20.46 28.96 40.48

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,

and wholesale ................................................. 30.03 15.33 18.17 26.05 40.83 47.16

Sales workers, other commodities ........................ 8.36 6.00 6.31 6.85 9.20 12.04

Cashiers ............................................................... 7.14 5.45 5.92 6.40 7.50 10.45

Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... 12.03 7.50 9.43 11.50 14.37 16.60

Supervisors, general office ................................... 16.72 12.50 12.50 14.98 18.91 22.24

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and

adjusting clerks ............................................... 13.97 9.35 10.39 12.99 18.12 19.60

Secretaries ........................................................... 13.70 10.00 11.32 13.56 15.63 17.38

Interviewers .......................................................... 11.13 8.50 10.71 11.41 11.82 13.00

Receptionists ........................................................ 10.17 7.25 8.60 10.25 12.00 12.81

Information clerks, N.E.C. ..................................... 11.08 7.75 9.00 10.52 11.83 16.11

Order clerks .......................................................... 12.10 6.40 9.25 11.95 14.39 15.32

Personnel clerks except payroll and timekeeping 15.61 10.35 11.40 15.56 18.16 24.37

Library clerks ........................................................ 9.56 5.67 6.86 9.77 11.12 13.67

Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... 10.25 6.45 7.58 9.75 13.64 14.37

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... 11.60 9.25 10.43 11.36 12.20 14.50

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ............................. 13.15 10.50 11.50 11.75 14.59 17.70

Billing clerks .......................................................... 11.92 8.39 9.23 12.19 14.05 15.67

Telephone operators ............................................ 10.21 8.51 9.08 10.37 10.77 12.35

Mail clerks except postal service .......................... 8.28 6.84 7.03 7.97 9.52 10.49

Dispatchers ........................................................... 10.33 6.30 7.27 9.83 13.96 16.67

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... 12.73 9.50 9.90 11.75 14.80 14.90

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and

investigators ................................................... 13.04 10.33 11.15 13.23 14.23 15.12

Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...... 11.61 8.31 9.25 11.40 13.35 17.02

Bill and account collectors .................................... 11.04 8.94 9.64 10.96 11.54 12.93

General office clerks ............................................. 11.25 7.74 9.11 10.58 12.54 16.61

Data entry keyers ................................................. 9.94 7.51 8.04 9.00 11.51 13.68

Teachers’ aides .................................................... 11.28 7.88 9.43 9.85 14.49 15.73

Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... 12.68 8.60 9.94 13.45 15.25 15.84

Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... 13.92 7.55 9.69 13.00 17.67 21.25

Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... 17.55 11.16 13.79 16.95 20.53 24.59

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ................. 20.70 16.47 16.47 22.30 24.61 26.00

Automobile mechanics ......................................... 15.51 10.15 15.00 16.15 16.73 18.34

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics ....... 17.42 14.78 14.78 17.10 21.29 21.29

Industrial machinery repairers .............................. 17.38 10.68 12.10 18.01 20.42 24.60

Machinery maintenance occupations ................... 11.62 8.75 8.75 10.85 11.79 18.71

Millwrights ............................................................. 22.74 18.14 20.88 24.23 24.28 24.28

Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... 17.56 10.66 14.00 18.19 21.14 24.59

Supervisors, construction trades, N.E.C. .............. 20.80 12.04 14.13 19.58 29.42 34.07

Electricians ........................................................... 21.37 15.91 17.05 19.94 24.60 26.83

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters .................. 17.79 11.34 13.90 14.78 24.28 24.28

Supervisors, production occupations .................... 19.13 11.67 15.00 18.36 24.04 27.26

Tool and die makers ............................................. 19.95 14.48 15.45 20.50 24.60 25.31

Machinists ............................................................. 16.06 13.84 14.52 15.68 16.93 20.53

Miscellaneous precision workers, N.E.C. ............. 16.07 13.84 14.59 16.21 17.37 18.79

Inspectors, testers, and graders ........................... 17.35 11.81 15.40 15.65 19.40 23.24

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. 12.73 7.83 9.13 11.65 15.59 20.88

Punching and stamping press operators .............. 10.89 6.25 8.16 9.25 12.00 20.95

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing

machine operators .......................................... 14.25 9.93 11.25 15.14 16.16 17.23

Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ 15.43 8.50 10.81 15.41 21.49 21.49

Molding and casting machine operators ............... 11.12 7.75 9.05 10.55 11.31 15.75

Printing press operators ....................................... 15.05 9.81 12.71 14.75 18.88 18.98

See footnotes at end of table.

3
Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries,

Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 — Continued

Occupation3

All industries

Mean

Percentiles

10 25 Median

50 75 90

Blue-collar occupations (-Continued)

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 

(-Continued)

Textile sewing machine operators ........................ $9.13 $7.61 $8.31 $8.97 $9.67 $10.74

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators 8.09 6.50 7.00 8.00 8.10 10.75

Packaging and filling machine operators .............. 11.88 8.49 9.00 11.31 12.98 18.64

Painting and paint spraying machine operators ... 13.98 9.36 10.12 13.73 15.68 21.03

Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... 12.74 7.75 9.50 12.47 15.72 17.74

Welders and cutters .............................................. 15.38 9.00 11.61 13.44 21.15 24.36

Assemblers ........................................................... 11.83 7.00 8.78 10.10 13.73 20.88

Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. 12.51 8.34 8.89 14.56 14.96 14.96

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. 12.93 9.00 10.30 12.12 15.21 21.24

Production testers ................................................. 11.82 7.50 8.25 10.49 13.05 18.19

Transportation and material moving occupations ............. 15.89 9.60 12.07 15.17 20.92 21.25

Truck drivers ......................................................... 16.65 11.00 13.70 16.67 21.25 21.25

Bus drivers ............................................................ 14.66 11.79 13.12 14.88 17.06 17.06

Crane and tower operators ................................... 18.15 15.73 16.10 16.81 20.58 22.87

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. 13.59 9.00 11.61 12.00 15.50 20.75

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... 10.34 5.75 7.00 10.09 13.00 15.26

Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm ....... 10.15 6.50 8.00 10.24 12.50 14.06

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, N.E.C. .............................................. 14.99 10.09 10.34 13.17 14.21 28.54

Stock handlers and baggers ................................. 9.24 5.52 6.00 8.51 11.58 13.90

Machine feeders and offbearers ........................... 8.91 6.25 7.00 8.50 10.63 12.43

Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ....... 10.24 7.00 7.42 10.00 11.62 14.59

Hand packers and packagers ............................... 10.69 7.50 7.77 10.60 13.50 14.40

Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... 10.06 5.15 6.00 10.21 13.00 14.23

Service occupations ........................................................... 10.03 5.50 6.75 8.84 12.19 17.16

Protective service occupations ................................. 14.74 7.13 10.95 14.34 17.67 22.69

Firefighting occupations ........................................ 14.85 12.14 12.90 14.34 16.83 17.44

Police and detectives, public service .................... 18.40 16.62 17.04 18.02 19.92 22.50

Guards and police except public service .............. 9.69 5.84 6.93 8.79 12.46 14.29

Food service occupations ......................................... 7.23 2.13 5.50 7.00 9.26 11.79

Supervisors, food preparation and service

occupations .................................................... 11.44 7.50 8.50 11.00 13.28 16.35

Bartenders ............................................................ 6.57 2.13 2.13 5.00 10.00 13.00

Waiters and waitresses ........................................ 3.24 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.48 8.00

Cooks ................................................................... 8.57 6.25 7.50 8.46 9.44 12.19

Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................ 6.51 5.30 5.68 6.00 7.00 8.70

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................ 3.01 2.13 2.13 2.13 3.66 6.12

Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. 8.34 5.78 6.65 8.00 10.23 11.79

See footnotes at end of table.

4
Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries,

Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 — Continued

Occupation3

All industries

Mean

Percentiles

10 25 Median

50 75 90

Service occupations (-Continued)

Health service occupations ....................................... $9.37 $6.85 $7.75 $8.84 $10.60 $12.17

Health aides, except nursing ................................ 10.18 6.25 7.75 9.75 12.14 13.62

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... 8.90 7.03 7.70 8.65 9.84 11.56

Cleaning and building service occupations .............. 9.35 5.92 6.50 8.23 11.36 14.02

Supervisors, cleaning and building service

workers ........................................................... 12.08 7.75 7.95 13.05 15.65 16.11

Maids and housemen ........................................... 7.68 6.41 6.50 7.85 8.36 8.84

Janitors and cleaners ........................................... 9.39 5.80 6.48 8.63 11.49 14.27

Personal service occupations ................................... 12.49 6.50 8.00 11.36 16.65 22.16

Early childhood teachers’ assistants .................... 7.81 5.50 6.58 7.06 9.30 10.51

Service occupations, N.E.C. ................................. 11.29 6.37 8.00 10.39 14.09 18.63

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid

to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living

adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for

overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. 

The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and

dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th,

25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the

earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of

the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown,

and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the

25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or

less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn

the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th

percentiles follow the same logic. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers.

Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a

part-time schedule based on the definition used by each

establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week

schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one

establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a

40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual

occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.

Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major

occupational groups. 

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data

did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and

occupational levels may include data for categories not shown

separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." 

NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this

update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the

positional statistics where averages were collected. This

procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote

level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates

from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean

wages for the occupation.

5
Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government,

Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999

Occupation3

Private industry State and local government

Mean

Percentiles

Mean

Percentiles

10 25 Median

50 75 90 10 25 Median50 75 90

All occupations ..................................................... $15.54 $6.84 $9.14 $13.28 $19.60 $25.91 $19.26 $10.25 $12.75 $16.97 $22.69 $34.50

All occupations excluding sales .......................... 15.54 7.00 9.40 13.42 19.60 25.50 19.27 10.25 12.75 16.99 22.69 34.65

White-collar occupations ................................. 18.62 7.97 11.02 15.87 22.39 31.70 22.16 11.16 14.15 19.81 28.55 37.20

White-collar occupations excluding sales ....... 19.11 9.00 11.75 16.35 22.84 31.73 22.21 11.13 14.13 19.97 28.75 37.31

Professional specialty and technical

occupations .............................................. 21.80 12.60 16.03 20.28 26.04 32.60 25.85 14.17 18.88 23.67 33.16 39.28

Professional specialty occupations ............. 23.52 14.83 18.03 21.76 28.03 34.38 26.73 14.80 19.45 25.25 34.05 40.33

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..... 27.75 18.69 22.21 27.89 31.73 36.94 – –––––

Electrical and electronic engineers ..... 29.67 20.67 24.46 27.89 29.90 46.73 – –––––

Industrial engineers ............................ 25.20 19.96 21.09 24.56 27.40 31.29 – –––––

Mechanical engineers ......................... 24.28 15.98 21.35 23.70 29.00 30.78 – –––––

Engineers, N.E.C. ............................... 28.06 18.27 21.66 29.33 32.72 35.95 – –––––

Mathematical and computer scientists ... 27.75 20.36 23.52 27.53 31.78 36.19 – –––––

Computer systems analysts and

scientists ....................................... 28.18 21.01 24.25 27.53 32.16 36.29 – –––––

Natural scientists .................................... – – – – – – – –––––

Health related occupations ..................... 21.91 16.74 18.50 20.58 22.36 27.21 27.47 16.88 17.35 22.00 29.57 50.49

Physicians .......................................... 32.21 17.09 17.09 19.75 51.20 65.09 – –––––

Registered nurses .............................. 20.32 16.74 18.50 20.45 21.88 23.40 23.11 16.62 18.75 21.71 28.16 29.57

Respiratory therapists ......................... 17.79 14.66 17.26 18.50 18.81 19.42 – –––––

Physical therapists .............................. 29.09 23.67 24.85 30.67 33.33 33.33 – –––––

Teachers, college and university ............ 29.27 21.36 25.96 27.41 31.89 37.65 36.15 26.19 29.43 34.37 42.48 48.96

Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. ....... – – – – – – 36.44 26.16 29.06 34.79 43.08 49.52

Teachers, except college and university 15.00 7.11 8.45 14.97 18.57 24.62 29.22 18.81 21.74 29.54 36.26 40.95

Elementary school teachers ............... – – – – – – 32.32 21.02 25.75 33.45 38.86 42.31

Secondary school teachers ................ 21.54 14.06 17.94 19.35 25.05 32.24 33.34 20.62 26.96 35.42 38.86 43.31

Teachers, special education ............... – – – – – – 26.73 19.39 21.74 25.75 33.45 36.63

Teachers, N.E.C. ................................ 17.66 8.85 16.22 16.22 18.29 21.00 28.04 19.03 20.95 27.61 34.48 40.33

Vocational and educational

counselors .................................... – – – – – – 23.50 17.07 17.80 19.74 25.92 37.76

Librarians, archivists, and curators ......... 26.15 17.83 18.58 21.78 36.01 46.59 25.12 15.00 16.99 21.90 37.20 37.20

Librarians ............................................ 18.74 17.83 17.83 18.58 21.78 21.78 25.25 15.00 16.99 21.91 37.20 37.20

Social scientists and urban planners ...... – – – – – – – –––––

Social, recreation, and religious workers 14.57 11.67 12.87 14.10 16.24 18.27 17.16 12.32 13.20 16.10 19.81 25.57

Social workers .................................... 14.57 11.67 12.87 14.10 16.24 18.27 17.16 12.32 13.20 16.10 19.81 25.57

Lawyers and judges ................................ – – – – – – – –––––

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes,

and professionals, N.E.C. ................. 19.50 12.60 14.83 17.31 22.33 31.25 – –––––

Designers ........................................... 22.95 16.77 19.61 22.16 26.64 29.21 – –––––

Professional occupations, N.E.C. ....... 18.36 12.74 14.83 16.92 20.31 24.52 – –––––

Technical occupations ................................ 17.08 11.21 13.17 15.67 19.33 22.64 16.81 8.50 14.73 16.82 20.40 22.00

Clinical laboratory technologists and

technicians .................................... 15.11 10.67 12.56 15.20 17.46 18.61 – –––––

Radiological technicians ..................... 18.59 14.33 16.64 19.08 20.73 21.73 – –––––

Licensed practical nurses ................... 14.08 12.25 12.91 14.04 15.11 16.25 – –––––

Health technologists and technicians,

N.E.C. ........................................... 16.71 11.43 13.17 15.45 19.02 19.68 – –––––

Electrical and electronic technicians ... 19.27 14.17 15.61 19.66 22.75 22.75 – –––––

Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ......... 13.07 8.50 9.57 12.26 15.90 18.55 – –––––

Drafters ............................................... 14.01 8.41 11.97 12.53 15.51 21.78 – –––––

Computer programmers ..................... 17.80 12.00 13.85 18.75 20.19 22.69 – –––––

Technical and related occupations,

N.E.C. ........................................... 16.98 11.06 13.84 18.50 19.86 20.82 18.09 13.70 14.93 18.00 22.00 22.07

Executive, administrative, and managerial

occupations .............................................. 28.26 15.09 17.78 24.26 33.00 45.66 24.01 12.64 16.92 20.72 36.17 38.10

Executives, administrators, and

managers .......................................... 33.67 17.31 22.15 29.23 39.66 50.38 26.08 12.02 16.98 24.38 36.17 38.20

Administrators and officials, public

administration ............................... – – – – – – 26.24 12.02 20.50 26.92 36.17 36.17

Financial managers ............................ 33.19 20.81 22.15 31.48 41.54 48.08 – –––––

Managers, marketing, advertising and

public relations .............................. 42.78 18.33 25.67 34.12 39.79 73.16 – –––––

Administrators, education and related

fields ............................................. 24.60 11.80 13.32 25.53 36.06 36.46 38.58 37.16 38.10 38.20 40.25 42.50

See footnotes at end of table.

6
Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government,

Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 — Continued

Occupation3

Private industry State and local government

Mean

Percentiles

Mean

Percentiles

10 25 Median

50 75 90 10 25 Median50 75 90

White-collar occupations (-Continued)

Executive, administrative, and managerial

occupations (-Continued)

Executives, administrators, and

managers (-Continued)

Managers, medicine and health ......... $29.03 $16.35 $21.63 $25.09 $34.83 $35.44 – –––––

Managers and administrators, N.E.C. 33.40 16.50 23.56 28.60 36.79 54.96 $20.23 $14.33 $14.33 $18.67 $26.97 $26.97

Management related occupations .......... 19.26 13.55 15.61 17.86 22.60 27.19 19.47 13.41 16.92 19.56 22.45 24.72

Accountants and auditors ................... 18.84 13.55 16.35 17.64 20.24 26.63 – –––––

Other financial officers ........................ 18.83 13.93 15.02 16.86 22.12 27.89 – –––––

Personnel, training, and labor

relations specialists ...................... 19.72 15.15 16.45 19.46 23.12 25.50 19.90 16.48 18.21 19.56 21.05 24.14

Purchasing agents and buyers,

N.E.C. ........................................... 23.82 15.87 19.90 25.91 27.19 29.75 – –––––

Management related occupations,

N.E.C. ........................................... 18.83 13.12 14.87 17.78 19.31 29.81 – –––––

Sales occupations .......................................... 15.59 6.00 6.55 10.75 19.92 29.04 – –––––

Supervisors, sales occupations .......... 21.41 9.00 13.40 20.16 25.38 44.46 – –––––

Advertising and related sales

occupations .................................. 18.26 14.30 17.11 19.01 21.25 22.18 – –––––

Sales occupations, other business

services ........................................ 29.59 14.13 14.90 20.46 28.96 40.48 – –––––

Sales representatives, mining,

manufacturing, and wholesale ...... 30.03 15.33 18.17 26.05 40.83 47.16 – –––––

Sales workers, other commodities ...... 8.36 6.00 6.31 6.85 9.20 12.04 – –––––

Cashiers ............................................. 6.99 5.45 5.90 6.40 7.50 10.45 – –––––

Administrative support occupations, including

clerical ...................................................... 11.85 7.50 9.23 11.20 14.19 16.06 12.93 8.99 10.53 12.81 15.08 17.70

Supervisors, general office ................. 16.56 12.50 12.50 14.12 17.72 30.00 – –––––

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling,

and adjusting clerks ...................... 13.84 9.35 10.39 12.35 18.12 19.60 – –––––

Secretaries ......................................... 13.71 9.80 11.32 13.61 15.59 17.52 13.68 10.21 11.32 13.35 15.63 17.33

Interviewers ........................................ 11.13 8.50 10.71 11.41 11.82 13.00 – –––––

Receptionists ...................................... 9.85 7.25 8.50 10.02 10.62 12.82 – –––––

Information clerks, N.E.C. ................... 11.11 7.75 9.00 10.52 12.65 16.11 – –––––

Order clerks ........................................ 12.10 6.40 9.25 11.95 14.39 15.32 – –––––

Library clerks ...................................... – – – – – – 9.45 5.67 6.86 9.33 11.30 13.67

Records clerks, N.E.C. ....................... 10.19 6.45 7.54 9.42 13.64 14.55 – –––––

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing

clerks ............................................ 11.23 9.14 10.25 11.03 11.88 14.32 – –––––

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ........... 12.49 10.50 11.50 11.60 13.41 14.90 – –––––

Billing clerks ........................................ 11.92 8.39 9.23 12.19 14.05 15.67 – –––––

Telephone operators .......................... 10.21 8.51 9.08 10.37 10.77 12.35 – –––––

Mail clerks except postal service ........ 8.28 6.84 7.03 7.97 9.52 10.49 – –––––

Dispatchers ......................................... 9.96 5.88 8.04 9.83 11.08 16.83 – –––––

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks 12.73 9.50 9.90 11.75 14.80 14.90 – –––––

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and

investigators ................................. 13.04 10.33 11.15 13.23 14.23 15.12 – –––––

Investigators and adjusters except

insurance ...................................... 11.47 8.27 9.25 11.40 12.03 17.02 – –––––

Bill and account collectors .................. 11.04 8.94 9.64 10.96 11.54 12.93 – –––––

General office clerks ........................... 10.45 7.64 8.66 10.00 11.43 13.70 13.61 9.55 10.78 12.54 17.26 18.48

Data entry keyers ............................... 9.21 7.50 8.00 8.63 10.00 12.00 – –––––

Teachers’ aides .................................. – – – – – – 11.33 7.80 9.43 9.85 14.49 15.73

Administrative support occupations,

N.E.C. ........................................... 12.95 9.00 10.30 13.86 15.32 15.84 9.57 5.50 6.50 9.48 11.33 13.83

Blue-collar occupations ................................... 13.78 7.42 9.46 12.47 17.79 21.25 15.52 11.09 13.57 14.88 17.31 20.50

Precision production, craft, and repair

occupations .............................................. 17.86 11.10 13.71 17.50 22.41 24.60 15.85 11.34 13.79 15.44 17.47 21.14

Industrial machinery repairers ............ 17.38 10.68 12.10 18.01 20.42 24.60 – –––––

Millwrights ........................................... 22.74 18.14 20.88 24.23 24.28 24.28 – –––––

Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ........ 17.81 12.15 14.00 18.19 20.51 24.59 – –––––

Electricians ......................................... 22.03 15.86 17.95 24.50 26.79 26.83 – –––––

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters 20.58 10.54 15.51 24.24 24.28 24.28 – –––––

See footnotes at end of table.

7
Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government,

Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 — Continued

Occupation3

Private industry State and local government

Mean

Percentiles

Mean

Percentiles

10 25 Median

50 75 90 10 25 Median50 75 90

Blue-collar occupations (-Continued)

Precision production, craft, and repair

occupations (-Continued)

Supervisors, production occupations .. $19.13 $11.67 $15.00 $18.36 $24.04 $27.26 – –––––

Tool and die makers ........................... 19.95 14.48 15.45 20.50 24.60 25.31 – –––––

Machinists ........................................... 16.06 13.84 14.52 15.68 16.93 20.53 – –––––

Miscellaneous precision workers,

N.E.C. ........................................... 16.07 13.84 14.59 16.21 17.37 18.79 – –––––

Inspectors, testers, and graders ......... 17.10 11.81 13.78 15.46 18.33 23.24 – –––––

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ................................................. 12.70 7.83 9.12 11.61 15.51 20.88 – –––––

Punching and stamping press

operators ...................................... 10.89 6.25 8.16 9.25 12.00 20.95 – –––––

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and

polishing machine operators ......... 14.25 9.93 11.25 15.14 16.16 17.23 – –––––

Fabricating machine operators,

N.E.C. ........................................... 15.43 8.50 10.81 15.41 21.49 21.49 – –––––

Molding and casting machine

operators ...................................... 11.12 7.75 9.05 10.55 11.31 15.75 – –––––

Printing press operators ..................... 15.05 9.81 12.71 14.75 18.88 18.98 – –––––

Textile sewing machine operators ...... 9.13 7.61 8.31 8.97 9.67 10.74 – –––––

Laundering and dry cleaning machine

operators ...................................... 8.09 6.50 7.00 8.00 8.10 10.75 – –––––

Packaging and filling machine

operators ...................................... 11.88 8.49 9.00 11.31 12.98 18.64 – –––––

Painting and paint spraying machine

operators ...................................... 13.98 9.36 10.12 13.73 15.68 21.03 – –––––

Miscellaneous machine operators,

N.E.C. ........................................... 12.56 7.75 9.35 12.47 15.51 17.78 – –––––

Welders and cutters ............................ 15.38 9.00 11.61 13.44 21.15 24.36 – –––––

Assemblers ......................................... 11.83 7.00 8.78 10.10 13.73 20.88 – –––––

Miscellaneous hand working

occupations, N.E.C. ...................... 12.51 8.34 8.89 14.56 14.96 14.96 – –––––

Production inspectors, checkers and

examiners ..................................... 12.93 9.00 10.30 12.12 15.21 21.24 – –––––

Production testers ............................... 11.82 7.50 8.25 10.49 13.05 18.19 – –––––

Transportation and material moving

occupations .............................................. 15.94 9.00 12.00 15.61 21.25 21.25 $15.70 $11.55 $13.71 $14.34 $17.06 $21.63

Truck drivers ....................................... 16.64 10.50 13.47 16.68 21.25 21.25 – –––––

Bus drivers .......................................... – – – – – – 14.72 11.79 13.38 14.88 17.06 17.06

Crane and tower operators ................. 18.15 15.73 16.10 16.81 20.58 22.87 – –––––

Industrial truck and tractor equipment

operators ...................................... 13.59 9.00 11.61 12.00 15.50 20.75 – –––––

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ..................................................... 10.24 5.75 7.00 9.75 12.86 15.26 12.64 10.45 10.45 13.43 13.79 14.65

Groundskeepers and gardeners

except farm ................................... 10.06 6.50 8.00 9.00 12.50 14.06 – –––––

Supervisors, handlers, equipment

cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C. ..... 14.99 10.09 10.34 13.17 14.21 28.54 – –––––

Stock handlers and baggers ............... 9.19 5.52 6.00 8.20 11.58 14.00 – –––––

Machine feeders and offbearers ......... 8.91 6.25 7.00 8.50 10.63 12.43 – –––––

Freight, stock, and material handlers,

N.E.C. ........................................... 10.24 7.00 7.42 10.00 11.62 14.59 – –––––

Hand packers and packagers ............. 10.69 7.50 7.77 10.60 13.50 14.40 – –––––

Laborers except construction, N.E.C. 9.71 5.15 5.75 9.02 13.00 14.23 – –––––

Service occupations ......................................... 8.04 5.15 6.08 7.62 9.50 11.91 14.45 9.08 10.85 13.28 17.27 22.34

Protective service occupations ............... 8.99 5.84 6.86 8.00 11.21 13.33 16.89 11.40 13.12 16.70 18.81 22.92

Firefighting occupations ...................... – – – – – – 14.85 12.14 12.90 14.34 16.83 17.44

Police and detectives, public service .. – – – – – – 18.79 16.97 17.23 18.06 20.86 22.50

Guards and police except public

service .......................................... 9.02 5.84 6.86 8.00 11.26 13.33 – –––––

Food service occupations ....................... 6.81 2.13 5.25 6.50 8.46 10.71 10.48 8.63 9.40 10.38 11.79 12.10

Supervisors, food preparation and

service occupations ...................... 11.44 7.50 8.50 10.58 13.77 16.35 – –––––

See footnotes at end of table.

8
Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government,

Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 — Continued

Occupation3

Private industry State and local government

Mean

Percentiles

Mean

Percentiles

10 25 Median

50 75 90 10 25 Median50 75 90

Service occupations (-Continued)

Food service occupations (-Continued)

Bartenders .......................................... $6.57 $2.13 $2.13 $5.00 $10.00 $13.00 – –––––

Waiters and waitresses ...................... 3.24 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.48 8.00 – –––––

Cooks ................................................. 8.14 6.00 7.00 8.00 8.93 9.94 – –––––

Kitchen workers, food preparation ...... 6.49 5.30 5.68 6.00 7.00 8.80 – –––––

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants .......... 3.01 2.13 2.13 2.13 3.66 6.12 – –––––

Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. 7.35 5.56 6.10 7.31 8.06 9.25 $10.65 $9.38 $10.20 $10.38 $11.79 $12.10

Health service occupations ..................... 9.05 6.75 7.68 8.68 9.97 11.65 11.81 7.56 10.48 12.32 13.40 13.70

Health aides, except nursing .............. 9.33 6.24 7.21 8.60 10.61 12.16 12.84 11.02 11.90 13.05 13.57 14.04

Nursing aides, orderlies and

attendants ..................................... 8.93 7.03 7.79 8.70 9.84 11.60 – –––––

Cleaning and building service

occupations ...................................... 8.61 5.75 6.20 7.22 9.50 13.05 11.30 8.84 9.18 11.22 13.23 15.72

Maids and housemen ......................... 7.68 6.41 6.50 7.85 8.36 8.84 – –––––

Janitors and cleaners ......................... 8.67 5.68 6.08 7.00 9.57 13.47 11.05 8.84 9.18 10.10 12.71 15.20

Personal service occupations ................. 9.19 4.55 6.96 8.19 10.13 12.42 15.06 7.43 11.36 14.09 19.54 22.50

Early childhood teachers’ assistants .. 7.38 5.50 6.34 7.02 8.50 10.17 – –––––

Service occupations, N.E.C. ............... 7.60 3.50 6.37 8.00 8.81 10.26 – –––––

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in

the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive

the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the

rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less

than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than

the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as

working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each

establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be

considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in

another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover

all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine

major occupational groups. 

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for

categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR

SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 

NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A

procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were

collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with

the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by

the average change in mean wages for the occupation.

9
Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Cleveland-Akron, OH,

February 1999

Occupation3

All industries

Full-time Part-time

Mean

Percentiles

Mean

Percentiles

10 25 Median

50 75 90 10 25 Median50 75 90

All occupations ..................................................... $17.16 $8.25 $10.75 $14.93 $20.92 $28.41 $9.28 $5.49 $6.00 $7.10 $10.54 $17.80

All occupations excluding sales .......................... 17.08 8.39 10.79 14.93 20.88 28.12 9.64 5.50 6.10 7.50 11.32 18.61

White-collar occupations ................................. 20.28 9.56 12.60 17.40 24.80 34.83 11.63 6.00 6.50 8.51 15.99 21.38

White-collar occupations excluding sales ....... 20.43 10.00 12.81 17.59 25.16 34.85 13.43 6.50 7.39 10.90 18.61 22.34

Professional specialty and technical

occupations .............................................. 23.35 13.28 16.91 21.26 28.36 36.06 18.97 9.35 14.89 18.92 22.00 26.08

Professional specialty occupations ............. 25.02 15.03 18.54 23.08 30.09 37.20 20.13 9.00 17.29 20.28 22.52 27.21

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..... 27.76 18.76 22.46 27.89 31.73 36.78 – –––––

Electrical and electronic engineers ..... 29.67 20.67 24.46 27.89 29.90 46.73 – –––––

Industrial engineers ............................ 25.20 19.96 21.09 24.56 27.40 31.29 – –––––

Mechanical engineers ......................... 24.28 15.98 21.35 23.70 29.00 30.78 – –––––

Engineers, N.E.C. ............................... 28.06 18.27 21.66 29.33 32.72 35.95 – –––––

Mathematical and computer scientists ... 27.59 20.51 23.52 27.11 31.21 36.15 – –––––

Computer systems analysts and

scientists ....................................... 27.97 21.08 24.18 27.40 31.97 36.19 – –––––

Natural scientists .................................... 26.69 17.33 19.11 23.81 34.01 41.15 – –––––

Health related occupations ..................... 22.80 16.62 18.28 20.44 23.10 29.57 21.79 17.25 19.55 21.13 23.64 26.91

Physicians .......................................... 34.06 17.01 17.09 19.75 52.07 64.90 – –––––

Registered nurses .............................. 20.48 16.62 18.45 20.36 21.88 23.43 21.14 17.29 20.10 21.13 22.34 25.62

Respiratory therapists ......................... 17.57 14.56 16.49 18.42 18.81 19.42 – –––––

Teachers, college and university ............ 32.96 22.06 26.09 30.28 37.65 45.83 – –––––

Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. ....... 36.45 26.16 29.06 34.79 43.26 49.52 – –––––

Teachers, except college and university 27.79 15.53 20.63 28.11 35.79 40.70 17.90 8.00 9.33 17.80 20.00 23.46

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ...... 16.35 6.50 7.25 10.00 25.29 35.79 – –––––

Elementary school teachers ............... 30.10 18.17 22.63 31.23 37.17 41.67 – –––––

Secondary school teachers ................ 29.50 18.57 20.62 30.25 36.91 42.55 – –––––

Teachers, N.E.C. ................................ 28.61 17.47 22.54 28.66 34.50 40.33 19.52 8.27 18.05 19.21 20.00 35.00

Librarians, archivists, and curators ......... 26.27 16.99 18.58 21.78 37.20 46.59 21.65 10.61 14.08 16.62 32.35 33.43

Librarians ............................................ 21.99 16.40 17.83 18.68 21.90 37.20 21.94 10.61 14.08 18.16 32.35 33.43

Social scientists and urban planners ...... 27.74 20.52 23.87 24.42 29.81 44.71 – –––––

Social, recreation, and religious workers 16.48 12.25 13.05 15.27 19.34 24.39 – –––––

Social workers .................................... 16.46 12.25 13.05 15.27 18.78 24.39 – –––––

Lawyers and judges ................................ – – – – – – – –––––

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes,

and professionals, N.E.C. ................. 20.10 12.60 14.83 17.82 23.25 31.25 – –––––

Designers ........................................... 22.95 16.77 19.61 22.16 26.64 29.21 – –––––

Professional occupations, N.E.C. ....... 19.39 13.50 14.83 17.50 22.00 29.32 – –––––

Technical occupations ................................ 17.26 11.09 13.34 16.00 19.86 22.69 14.77 11.38 12.54 14.89 16.35 18.61

Clinical laboratory technologists and

technicians .................................... – – – – – – 17.08 14.18 15.40 18.32 18.61 18.61

Licensed practical nurses ................... 14.75 12.25 13.15 14.25 16.00 19.20 14.19 12.30 12.58 14.11 15.30 16.50

Health technologists and technicians,

N.E.C. ........................................... 16.44 8.50 12.35 15.45 19.02 20.00 13.94 10.09 11.81 14.89 16.06 16.06

Electrical and electronic technicians ... 19.28 15.00 15.61 19.53 22.75 22.75 – –––––

Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ......... 13.13 8.50 9.83 12.26 15.71 18.55 – –––––

Drafters ............................................... 14.01 8.41 11.97 12.53 15.40 21.78 – –––––

Computer programmers ..................... 17.97 12.00 13.85 20.19 20.94 22.69 – –––––

Technical and related occupations,

N.E.C. ........................................... 17.32 11.06 14.50 18.50 19.97 22.00 15.73 9.47 10.81 18.00 18.00 18.00

Executive, administrative, and managerial

occupations .............................................. 27.45 14.48 17.78 23.51 33.26 42.79 19.17 14.50 16.00 17.31 21.27 29.81

Executives, administrators, and

managers .......................................... 31.92 15.94 20.97 28.37 37.16 47.13 – –––––

Administrators and officials, public

administration ............................... 26.24 12.02 20.50 26.92 36.17 36.17 – –––––

Financial managers ............................ 33.55 22.00 22.15 31.48 42.37 48.08 – –––––

Managers, marketing, advertising and

public relations .............................. 40.74 18.33 24.38 33.17 39.79 60.57 – –––––

Administrators, education and related

fields ............................................. 35.63 21.84 36.46 38.20 38.65 42.50 – –––––

Managers, medicine and health ......... 29.03 16.35 21.63 25.09 34.83 35.44 – –––––

See footnotes at end of table.

10
Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Cleveland-Akron, OH,

February 1999 — Continued

Occupation3

All industries

Full-time Part-time

Mean

Percentiles

Mean

Percentiles

10 25 Median

50 75 90 10 25 Median50 75 90

White-collar occupations (-Continued)

Executive, administrative, and managerial

occupations (-Continued)

Executives, administrators, and

managers (-Continued)

Managers, service organizations,

N.E.C. ........................................... $21.56 $11.03 $11.91 $19.31 $22.20 $52.68 – –––––

Managers and administrators, N.E.C. 31.96 15.40 21.47 26.97 35.43 50.38 – –––––

Management related occupations .......... 19.30 13.50 15.74 18.21 22.45 26.63 $19.44 $14.50 $16.00 $16.80 $21.27 $29.81

Accountants and auditors ................... 18.95 13.55 16.59 17.79 20.96 26.63 – –––––

Other financial officers ........................ 18.80 13.93 15.17 18.09 21.02 25.10 – –––––

Personnel, training, and labor

relations specialists ...................... 20.20 15.97 17.90 20.00 23.12 24.76 – –––––

Purchasing agents and buyers,

N.E.C. ........................................... 23.82 15.87 19.90 25.91 27.19 29.75 – –––––

Management related occupations,

N.E.C. ........................................... 18.46 12.87 14.87 17.58 20.19 28.41 – –––––

Sales occupations .......................................... 18.75 6.62 8.79 14.90 21.88 34.64 6.87 5.45 5.77 6.35 7.00 9.10

Supervisors, sales occupations .......... 21.89 12.90 13.40 19.28 25.38 44.46 – –––––

Advertising and related sales

occupations .................................. 18.07 13.54 15.43 18.75 21.25 22.00 – –––––

Sales occupations, other business

services ........................................ 29.59 14.13 14.90 20.46 28.96 40.48 – –––––

Sales representatives, mining,

manufacturing, and wholesale ...... 30.03 15.33 18.17 26.05 40.83 47.16 – –––––

Sales workers, other commodities ...... – – – – – – 6.97 6.00 6.35 6.35 7.00 8.84

Cashiers ............................................. 7.96 6.01 6.46 7.00 8.29 11.62 6.67 5.40 5.65 6.08 6.85 9.33

Administrative support occupations, including

clerical ...................................................... 12.55 8.50 9.98 12.02 14.75 16.98 8.39 6.50 6.50 7.50 9.85 11.40

Supervisors, general office ................. 16.83 12.50 12.50 15.23 18.91 30.00 – –––––

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling,

and adjusting clerks ...................... 14.03 9.35 10.39 12.09 18.12 19.60 – –––––

Secretaries ......................................... 13.79 10.12 11.49 13.68 15.63 17.40 11.94 8.10 10.03 11.40 12.00 16.79

Receptionists ...................................... 10.42 8.00 8.89 10.25 12.75 12.82 8.78 7.25 7.25 8.50 9.88 10.51

Information clerks, N.E.C. ................... 11.31 7.75 9.94 10.52 11.91 16.11 – –––––

Order clerks ........................................ 12.10 6.40 9.25 11.95 14.39 15.32 – –––––

Library clerks ...................................... 11.38 7.57 9.86 11.01 12.52 15.16 7.97 5.66 5.67 7.31 9.33 11.30

Records clerks, N.E.C. ....................... 10.29 6.45 7.67 9.75 13.64 14.37 – –––––

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing

clerks ............................................ 11.64 9.44 10.43 11.36 12.24 14.50 – –––––

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ........... 13.32 10.50 11.50 11.75 14.90 17.70 – –––––

Billing clerks ........................................ 12.24 8.50 10.10 12.19 14.05 15.67 – –––––

Mail clerks except postal service ........ 8.35 6.84 7.03 7.97 9.52 10.50 – –––––

Dispatchers ......................................... 11.03 7.05 8.10 9.83 13.96 16.67 – –––––

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks 12.76 9.50 9.90 11.75 14.80 14.90 – –––––

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and

investigators ................................. 13.04 10.33 11.15 13.23 14.23 15.12 – –––––

Investigators and adjusters except

insurance ...................................... 11.72 8.41 9.25 11.40 12.03 17.02 – –––––

Bill and account collectors .................. 11.04 8.94 9.64 10.96 11.54 12.93 – –––––

General office clerks ........................... 11.45 7.97 9.42 10.75 12.79 16.61 – –––––

Data entry keyers ............................... 10.23 7.51 8.31 9.50 11.51 15.38 8.01 7.00 7.25 8.00 8.25 9.00

Teachers’ aides .................................. – – – – – – 9.18 6.67 8.54 9.72 9.85 10.50

Administrative support occupations,

N.E.C. ........................................... 13.36 9.00 11.03 14.17 15.49 15.84 9.48 6.25 8.00 9.94 10.90 11.52

Blue-collar occupations ................................... 14.29 8.06 10.16 13.46 18.16 21.31 8.17 5.52 6.00 7.42 9.50 12.50

Precision production, craft, and repair

occupations .............................................. 17.55 11.16 13.79 16.96 20.53 24.59 – –––––

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers 20.70 16.47 16.47 22.30 24.61 26.00 – –––––

Automobile mechanics ....................... 15.51 10.15 15.00 16.15 16.73 18.34 – –––––

Bus, truck, and stationary engine

mechanics .................................... 17.42 14.78 14.78 17.10 21.29 21.29 – –––––

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Cleveland-Akron, OH,

February 1999 — Continued

Occupation3

All industries

Full-time Part-time

Mean

Percentiles

Mean

Percentiles

10 25 Median

50 75 90 10 25 Median50 75 90

Blue-collar occupations (-Continued)

Precision production, craft, and repair

occupations (-Continued)

Industrial machinery repairers ............ $17.38 $10.68 $12.10 $18.01 $20.42 $24.60 – –––––

Machinery maintenance occupations 11.63 8.75 8.75 10.85 11.79 18.71 – –––––

Millwrights ........................................... 22.74 18.14 20.88 24.23 24.28 24.28 – –––––

Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ........ 17.58 10.66 14.00 18.19 21.14 24.59 – –––––

Supervisors, construction trades,

N.E.C. ........................................... 20.80 12.04 14.13 19.58 29.42 34.07 – –––––

Electricians ......................................... 21.37 15.91 17.05 19.94 24.60 26.83 – –––––

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters 17.79 11.34 13.90 14.78 24.28 24.28 – –––––

Supervisors, production occupations .. 19.13 11.67 15.00 18.36 24.04 27.26 – –––––

Tool and die makers ........................... 19.95 14.48 15.45 20.50 24.60 25.31 – –––––

Machinists ........................................... 16.06 13.84 14.52 15.68 16.93 20.53 – –––––

Miscellaneous precision workers,

N.E.C. ........................................... 16.07 13.84 14.59 16.21 17.37 18.79 – –––––

Inspectors, testers, and graders ......... 17.35 11.81 15.40 15.65 19.40 23.24 – –––––

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ................................................. 12.80 7.88 9.25 11.80 15.68 20.88 $7.35 $6.20 $6.50 $7.00 $8.00 $9.20

Punching and stamping press

operators ...................................... 10.89 6.25 8.16 9.25 12.00 20.95 – –––––

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and

polishing machine operators ......... 14.25 9.93 11.25 15.14 16.16 17.23 – –––––

Fabricating machine operators,

N.E.C. ........................................... 15.43 8.50 10.81 15.41 21.49 21.49 – –––––

Molding and casting machine

operators ...................................... 11.33 8.02 9.53 10.55 11.31 16.00 – –––––

Printing press operators ..................... 15.05 9.81 12.71 14.75 18.88 18.98 – –––––

Textile sewing machine operators ...... 9.13 7.55 8.20 8.97 9.67 10.81 – –––––

Laundering and dry cleaning machine

operators ...................................... 8.21 6.75 7.25 8.00 8.10 10.75 – –––––

Packaging and filling machine

operators ...................................... 11.88 8.49 9.00 11.31 12.98 18.64 – –––––

Painting and paint spraying machine

operators ...................................... 13.98 9.36 10.12 13.73 15.68 21.03 – –––––

Miscellaneous machine operators,

N.E.C. ........................................... 12.79 7.75 9.60 12.47 15.72 17.74 – –––––

Welders and cutters ............................ 15.38 9.00 11.61 13.44 21.15 24.36 – –––––

Assemblers ......................................... 11.92 7.16 8.86 10.18 14.15 20.88 – –––––

Miscellaneous hand working

occupations, N.E.C. ...................... 12.51 8.34 8.89 14.56 14.96 14.96 – –––––

Production inspectors, checkers and

examiners ..................................... 12.93 9.00 10.30 12.12 15.21 21.24 – –––––

Production testers ............................... 11.82 7.50 8.25 10.49 13.05 18.19 – –––––

Transportation and material moving

occupations .............................................. 16.16 10.00 12.20 15.63 21.25 21.25 12.08 8.30 10.31 12.30 13.70 14.18

Truck drivers ....................................... 16.89 11.65 13.70 16.68 21.25 21.25 – –––––

Bus drivers .......................................... 15.46 11.94 14.50 15.35 17.06 17.06 13.08 11.29 11.84 13.12 14.17 15.17

Crane and tower operators ................. 18.15 15.73 16.10 16.81 20.58 22.87 – –––––

Industrial truck and tractor equipment

operators ...................................... 13.69 9.00 11.75 12.20 15.53 20.75 – –––––

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ..................................................... 11.22 6.25 7.85 10.60 13.33 18.01 7.54 5.45 6.00 7.00 8.50 10.75

Groundskeepers and gardeners

except farm ................................... 10.52 6.75 8.04 10.50 12.85 14.06 – –––––

Supervisors, handlers, equipment

cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C. ..... 15.59 10.09 11.80 13.17 14.27 28.54 – –––––

Stock handlers and baggers ............... 11.45 7.31 10.20 11.35 13.33 15.05 6.53 5.39 5.65 6.00 6.95 8.20

Machine feeders and offbearers ......... 9.07 6.75 7.35 8.70 10.70 12.43 – –––––

Freight, stock, and material handlers,

N.E.C. ........................................... 10.51 7.00 7.00 10.09 11.70 18.01 – –––––

Hand packers and packagers ............. 11.12 7.61 8.32 10.75 13.50 14.40 – –––––

Laborers except construction, N.E.C. 10.62 5.15 5.75 11.64 13.24 15.80 – –––––

See footnotes at end of table.

12
Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Cleveland-Akron, OH,

February 1999 — Continued

Occupation3

All industries

Full-time Part-time

Mean

Percentiles

Mean

Percentiles

10 25 Median

50 75 90 10 25 Median50 75 90

Service occupations ......................................... $11.44 $6.60 $8.00 $10.15 $13.77 $18.20 $6.80 $2.13 $5.65 $6.35 $7.97 $10.58

Protective service occupations ............... 15.00 7.62 11.21 14.34 17.67 22.69 10.95 5.65 6.50 8.00 17.04 17.04

Firefighting occupations ...................... 14.82 12.14 12.90 14.34 16.83 17.44 – –––––

Police and detectives, public service .. 18.45 16.35 17.23 18.06 20.86 22.50 – –––––

Guards and police except public

service .......................................... 9.77 5.84 6.86 8.79 12.46 14.29 9.08 6.26 7.00 7.83 9.25 12.80

Food service occupations ....................... 8.83 2.13 7.40 9.25 10.80 12.98 5.95 2.13 5.25 6.00 7.10 8.80

Supervisors, food preparation and

service occupations ...................... 11.84 7.50 10.33 11.54 13.77 16.35 – –––––

Waiters and waitresses ...................... 3.58 2.13 2.13 2.13 5.25 8.25 2.86 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.13 7.00

Cooks ................................................. 8.78 7.44 7.75 8.63 9.25 11.15 8.35 5.50 6.50 8.01 9.61 12.19

Kitchen workers, food preparation ...... – – – – – – 6.23 5.25 5.68 6.00 6.60 7.39

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants .......... – – – – – – 3.11 2.13 2.13 2.13 3.66 6.12

Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. 9.44 6.85 8.00 9.38 10.38 12.10 7.17 5.56 6.00 7.00 7.96 9.02

Health service occupations ..................... 9.47 7.01 7.84 9.00 10.63 12.30 8.65 6.10 6.85 8.26 10.00 11.93

Health aides, except nursing .............. 10.27 6.50 7.86 9.75 12.14 13.62 9.55 5.65 6.24 10.00 12.42 13.47

Nursing aides, orderlies and

attendants ..................................... 9.01 7.28 7.80 8.74 9.92 11.65 8.12 6.75 7.02 8.18 8.75 10.00

Cleaning and building service

occupations ...................................... 10.29 6.50 7.70 9.18 11.72 15.72 7.39 5.50 5.96 6.40 7.97 12.22

Supervisors, cleaning and building

service workers ............................. 12.08 7.75 7.95 13.05 15.65 16.11 – –––––

Maids and housemen ......................... 7.74 6.41 6.50 8.08 8.60 9.12 – –––––

Janitors and cleaners ......................... 10.54 6.60 7.78 9.23 11.72 15.72 7.39 5.50 5.96 6.35 7.97 12.22

Personal service occupations ................. 14.08 7.70 9.00 12.73 18.16 22.34 7.54 3.50 6.37 6.59 9.00 12.69

Service occupations, N.E.C. ............... 12.87 8.00 8.71 12.50 15.68 19.77 7.01 2.13 5.75 7.25 8.91 10.39

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in

the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive

the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the

rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less

than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than

the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based

on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a

35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one

establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the

minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover

all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine

major occupational groups. 

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for

categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." 

NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A

procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were

collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with

the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by

the average change in mean wages for the occupation.

13
Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries,

Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999

Occupation3

All industries

Mean

weekly

hours4

Weekly earnings Mean

annual

hours

Annual earnings

Mean Median Mean Median

All occupations ....................................................................... 39.7 $681 $595 2,022 $34,698 $30,722

All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 39.7 678 595 2,022 34,528 30,722

White-collar occupations ................................................... 39.5 801 692 1,988 40,317 35,110

White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 39.6 808 698 1,984 40,544 35,547

Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ 39.3 917 838 1,900 44,364 41,850

Professional specialty occupations ............................... 39.2 981 914 1,865 46,667 44,408

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... 40.3 1,119 1,122 2,097 58,204 58,365

Electrical and electronic engineers ....................... 40.0 1,187 1,116 2,080 61,715 58,011

Industrial engineers .............................................. 42.1 1,060 1,035 2,188 55,136 53,830

Mechanical engineers ........................................... 40.0 971 948 2,080 50,510 49,296

Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. 40.2 1,128 1,185 2,090 58,653 61,601

Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... 39.6 1,093 1,073 2,060 56,828 55,779

Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... 39.8 1,113 1,091 2,069 57,873 56,706

Natural scientists ...................................................... 40.0 1,068 952 2,080 55,518 49,525

Health related occupations ....................................... 39.7 905 807 2,055 46,852 41,974

Physicians ............................................................ 40.0 1,362 790 2,080 70,835 41,087

Registered nurses ................................................ 39.6 810 800 2,045 41,875 41,600

Respiratory therapists ........................................... 40.0 703 737 2,080 36,550 38,314

Teachers, college and university .............................. 39.3 1,297 1,196 1,619 53,374 53,976

Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. ......................... 39.5 1,439 1,339 1,520 55,400 54,094

Teachers, except college and university .................. 37.3 1,037 1,053 1,446 40,193 41,059

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................ 37.5 614 400 1,648 26,953 20,800

Elementary school teachers ................................. 36.5 1,098 1,156 1,359 40,921 42,762

Secondary school teachers .................................. 37.9 1,118 1,142 1,431 42,218 43,165

Teachers, N.E.C. .................................................. 37.8 1,083 1,076 1,468 42,004 43,503

Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... 37.9 995 871 1,861 48,896 45,302

Librarians .............................................................. 37.9 833 743 1,831 40,259 38,646

Social scientists and urban planners ........................ 39.6 1,099 977 1,926 53,439 50,794

Social, recreation, and religious workers .................. 39.8 655 611 2,015 33,223 30,243

Social workers ...................................................... 39.8 654 611 2,015 33,159 30,035

Lawyers and judges .................................................. ––––––

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... 39.7 798 713 2,061 41,441 37,062

Designers ............................................................. 40.0 918 886 2,080 47,735 46,093

Professional occupations, N.E.C. ......................... 39.8 771 700 2,064 40,016 36,400

Technical occupations .................................................. 39.6 683 634 2,040 35,208 32,469

Licensed practical nurses ..................................... 39.0 575 568 1,916 28,270 28,600

Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ....... 39.8 655 560 2,071 34,054 29,120

Electrical and electronic technicians ..................... 39.8 767 781 2,069 39,883 40,622

Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ........................... 40.0 525 490 2,080 27,304 25,501

Drafters ................................................................. 40.0 560 501 2,080 29,136 26,062

Computer programmers ....................................... 40.0 719 808 2,080 37,377 41,995

Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. .......... 39.8 689 740 2,069 35,838 38,480

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... 40.0 1,097 940 2,063 56,630 49,090

Executives, administrators, and managers ............... 40.1 1,279 1,145 2,060 65,759 59,904

Administrators and officials, public administration 40.0 1,049 1,077 2,078 54,529 55,994

Financial managers .............................................. 39.7 1,330 1,259 2,062 69,169 65,478

Managers, marketing, advertising and public

relations .......................................................... 40.2 1,638 1,365 2,090 85,167 70,970

Administrators, education and related fields ......... 39.6 1,411 1,528 1,754 62,486 62,648

Managers, medicine and health ........................... 40.0 1,161 1,004 2,080 60,377 52,194

Managers, service organizations, N.E.C. ............. 40.0 862 772 2,080 44,840 40,165

Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. 40.3 1,286 1,117 2,093 66,890 58,074

Management related occupations ............................ 39.8 768 725 2,068 39,914 37,699

Accountants and auditors ..................................... 39.9 756 712 2,074 39,317 37,003

Other financial officers .......................................... 40.0 751 724 2,078 39,068 37,627

Personnel, training, and labor relations

specialists ....................................................... 39.8 803 800 2,067 41,757 41,600

Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................ 40.0 953 1,036 2,080 49,547 53,883

Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ 39.5 729 695 2,054 37,915 36,163

Sales occupations ............................................................ 39.0 731 577 2,028 38,020 30,014

Supervisors, sales occupations ............................ 39.7 868 695 2,062 45,146 36,162

Advertising and related sales occupations ........... 40.0 723 750 2,080 37,588 39,000

Sales occupations, other business services ......... 40.2 1,191 924 2,092 61,909 48,041

See footnotes at end of table.

14
Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries,

Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 — Continued

Occupation3

All industries

Mean

weekly

hours4

Weekly earnings Mean

annual

hours

Annual earnings

Mean Median Mean Median

White-collar occupations (-Continued)

Sales occupations (-Continued)

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,

and wholesale ................................................. 40.0 $1,201 $1,042 2,080 $62,461 $54,184

Cashiers ............................................................... 37.6 300 260 1,958 15,592 13,520

Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... 39.7 498 478 2,056 25,793 24,664

Supervisors, general office ................................... 40.0 673 609 2,080 34,999 31,668

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and

adjusting clerks ............................................... 40.0 561 483 2,080 29,180 25,136

Secretaries ........................................................... 39.6 546 539 2,039 28,112 27,941

Receptionists ........................................................ 39.5 412 406 2,051 21,368 21,133

Information clerks, N.E.C. ..................................... 40.0 453 421 2,080 23,534 21,888

Order clerks .......................................................... 39.7 481 478 2,066 24,992 24,845

Library clerks ........................................................ 38.0 432 413 1,977 22,488 21,470

Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... 38.8 399 390 2,017 20,755 20,280

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... 39.8 463 448 2,069 24,078 23,296

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ............................. 39.9 531 464 2,073 27,608 24,128

Billing clerks .......................................................... 40.0 489 488 2,080 25,451 25,355

Mail clerks except postal service .......................... 39.4 329 316 2,051 17,132 16,432

Dispatchers ........................................................... 40.0 441 393 2,080 22,935 20,437

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... 40.0 510 470 2,080 26,544 24,439

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and

investigators ................................................... 38.4 501 515 1,996 26,033 26,754

Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...... 40.0 469 456 2,080 24,378 23,712

Bill and account collectors .................................... 40.0 442 438 2,080 22,964 22,797

General office clerks ............................................. 39.8 455 430 2,048 23,454 22,006

Data entry keyers ................................................. 40.0 409 380 2,080 21,282 19,760

Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... 39.7 531 566 2,054 27,435 29,266

Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... 39.9 571 536 2,071 29,587 27,786

Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... 40.0 703 678 2,079 36,490 35,168

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ................. 39.5 819 836 2,056 42,563 43,485

Automobile mechanics ......................................... 40.0 621 646 2,080 32,268 33,592

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics ....... 40.0 697 684 2,080 36,226 35,568

Industrial machinery repairers .............................. 40.0 695 720 2,080 36,148 37,463

Machinery maintenance occupations ................... 40.0 465 434 1,925 22,393 22,507

Millwrights ............................................................. 40.0 910 969 2,080 47,307 50,398

Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... 40.0 703 728 2,078 36,544 37,835

Supervisors, construction trades, N.E.C. .............. 40.0 832 783 2,080 43,267 40,726

Electricians ........................................................... 40.0 855 798 2,080 44,451 41,475

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters .................. 40.0 712 591 2,080 37,009 30,742

Supervisors, production occupations .................... 40.6 776 734 2,110 40,351 38,189

Tool and die makers ............................................. 40.0 798 820 2,080 41,498 42,640

Machinists ............................................................. 40.0 642 627 2,080 33,405 32,606

Miscellaneous precision workers, N.E.C. ............. 40.0 643 648 2,080 33,417 33,717

Inspectors, testers, and graders ........................... 40.0 694 626 2,080 36,091 32,559

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. 40.0 512 472 2,078 26,606 24,544

Punching and stamping press operators .............. 40.0 436 370 2,080 22,648 19,240

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing

machine operators .......................................... 40.0 570 606 2,080 29,644 31,491

Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ 39.9 615 578 2,073 31,982 30,050

Molding and casting machine operators ............... 40.0 453 422 2,080 23,564 21,944

Printing press operators ....................................... 39.6 596 590 2,059 30,991 30,680

Textile sewing machine operators ........................ 40.0 365 359 2,080 18,992 18,647

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators 39.0 320 320 2,027 16,642 16,640

Packaging and filling machine operators .............. 40.0 475 452 2,080 24,715 23,526

Painting and paint spraying machine operators ... 40.0 559 549 2,080 29,079 28,558

Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... 40.0 511 499 2,080 26,596 25,938

Welders and cutters .............................................. 40.0 615 538 2,080 31,999 27,955

Assemblers ........................................................... 40.0 477 407 2,080 24,794 21,174

Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. 40.0 500 582 2,080 26,023 30,276

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. 40.0 517 485 2,080 26,889 25,214

Production testers ................................................. 40.0 473 420 2,080 24,580 21,819

Transportation and material moving occupations ............. 39.6 640 619 2,029 32,800 31,720

Truck drivers ......................................................... 39.8 673 667 2,065 34,881 34,694

Bus drivers ............................................................ 36.4 563 580 1,664 25,724 24,835

See footnotes at end of table.

15
Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries,

Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 — Continued

Occupation3

All industries

Mean

weekly

hours4

Weekly earnings Mean

annual

hours

Annual earnings

Mean Median Mean Median

Blue-collar occupations (-Continued)

Transportation and material moving occupations 

(-Continued)

Crane and tower operators ................................... 40.0 $726 $672 2,080 $37,756 $34,965

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. 40.0 548 488 2,080 28,473 25,376

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... 40.0 448 424 2,068 23,198 22,048

Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm ....... 40.0 421 420 2,080 21,892 21,840

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, N.E.C. .............................................. 39.5 615 527 2,053 31,990 27,394

Stock handlers and baggers ................................. 40.0 458 454 2,029 23,227 23,296

Machine feeders and offbearers ........................... 40.0 363 348 2,080 18,874 18,096

Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ....... 40.0 420 404 2,080 21,855 20,987

Hand packers and packagers ............................... 40.0 445 430 2,080 23,130 22,360

Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... 40.0 425 466 2,080 22,083 24,211

Service occupations ........................................................... 39.8 455 395 2,038 23,306 20,218

Protective service occupations ................................. 41.4 621 608 2,153 32,291 31,616

Firefighting occupations ........................................ 46.5 688 698 2,416 35,797 36,275

Police and detectives, public service .................... 40.0 738 722 2,080 38,377 37,565

Guards and police except public service .............. 40.0 391 352 2,080 20,321 18,283

Food service occupations ......................................... 39.7 351 354 2,000 17,655 17,258

Supervisors, food preparation and service

occupations .................................................... 40.3 478 465 2,060 24,406 24,172

Waiters and waitresses ........................................ 39.5 141 92 2,046 7,329 4,784

Cooks ................................................................... 38.8 341 340 2,018 17,722 17,658

Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. 39.6 374 375 1,865 17,607 15,695

Health service occupations ....................................... 38.9 369 352 2,023 19,157 18,246

Health aides, except nursing ................................ 38.1 391 380 1,977 20,308 19,530

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... 39.4 355 346 2,050 18,480 17,992

Cleaning and building service occupations .............. 39.4 405 367 2,045 21,052 19,094

Supervisors, cleaning and building service

workers ........................................................... 40.0 483 522 2,080 25,134 27,144

Maids and housemen ........................................... 37.2 288 280 1,933 14,952 14,560

Janitors and cleaners ........................................... 39.7 419 369 2,061 21,727 19,198

Personal service occupations ................................... 38.3 540 493 1,865 26,255 25,293

Service occupations, N.E.C. ................................. 40.0 515 500 1,948 25,068 25,043

1 Earnings are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are

premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. 

The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the

number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates

position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half

receive the same as or less than the rate shown. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time

schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a

worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time

employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where

a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used

to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified

into one of nine major occupational groups. 

4 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a

week, exclusive of overtime.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet

publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may

include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere

classified." 

NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. 

A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages

were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the

quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the

prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the

occupation.

16
Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry,

State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999

Occupational group3 and level

All workers 4 All industries

All industriesPrivate

industry

State and

local

government

Full-time

workers

Part-time

workers

All occupations ....................................................................... $16.21 $15.54 $19.26 $17.16 $9.28

All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 16.25 15.54 19.27 17.08 9.64

White-collar occupations ................................................... 19.36 18.62 22.16 20.28 11.63

Level 1 .............................................................. 6.75 6.75 6.77 7.47 6.44

Level 2 .............................................................. 8.60 8.44 9.71 9.52 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 10.09 9.68 12.36 10.40 8.24

Level 4 .............................................................. 11.75 11.55 13.02 12.10 8.98

Level 5 .............................................................. 14.99 14.23 18.46 15.11 13.98

Level 6 .............................................................. 16.73 16.97 15.60 16.87 14.80

Level 7 .............................................................. 19.41 19.07 20.59 19.49 17.46

Level 8 .............................................................. 20.82 19.85 22.85 20.77 21.56

Level 9 .............................................................. 24.71 23.51 26.93 24.90 21.31

Level 10 ............................................................ 28.62 29.02 27.19 28.80 –

Level 11 ............................................................ 31.77 31.37 34.14 32.15 24.50

Level 12 ............................................................ 38.82 38.71 39.34 38.82 –

Level 13 ............................................................ 48.09 48.91 – 47.80 –

Level 14 ............................................................ 75.78 77.00 – 75.78 –

Not able to be leveled ....................................... 25.01 23.24 – 25.31 –

White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 19.82 19.11 22.21 20.43 13.43

Level 1 .............................................................. 7.23 7.42 6.77 – 6.89

Level 2 .............................................................. 8.57 8.41 9.71 9.48 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 10.57 10.21 12.25 10.71 9.17

Level 4 .............................................................. 12.09 11.90 13.02 12.28 10.13

Level 5 .............................................................. 14.61 13.58 18.46 14.66 14.24

Level 6 .............................................................. 15.17 15.06 15.61 15.20 14.80

Level 7 .............................................................. 18.84 18.30 20.59 18.90 17.46

Level 8 .............................................................. 20.70 19.32 23.19 20.62 21.56

Level 9 .............................................................. 24.61 23.30 26.93 24.81 21.31

Level 10 ............................................................ 27.90 28.12 27.19 28.05 –

Level 11 ............................................................ 31.75 31.34 34.14 32.15 24.50

Level 12 ............................................................ 38.78 38.66 39.34 38.78 –

Level 13 ............................................................ 48.09 48.91 – 47.80 –

Level 14 ............................................................ 75.78 77.00 – 75.78 –

Not able to be leveled ....................................... 24.88 23.03 – 25.19 –

Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ 22.97 21.80 25.85 23.35 18.97

Professional specialty occupations ............................... 24.60 23.52 26.73 25.02 20.13

Level 5 .............................................................. 17.10 11.68 20.77 17.69 15.70

Level 6 .............................................................. 15.93 14.66 19.00 16.07 14.67

Level 7 .............................................................. 20.74 19.47 24.17 20.80 19.45

Level 8 .............................................................. 22.18 19.91 26.05 22.22 21.89

Level 9 .............................................................. 25.30 23.02 28.08 25.63 21.05

Level 10 ............................................................ 26.11 26.70 24.85 26.20 –

Level 11 ............................................................ 31.07 31.15 30.31 31.75 24.50

Level 12 ............................................................ 35.61 34.46 – 35.61 –

Level 13 ............................................................ 46.64 47.60 – 46.00 –

Not able to be leveled ....................................... 25.01 22.33 – 25.11 –

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... 27.76 27.75 – 27.76 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 25.88 25.83 – 25.88 –

Level 10 ............................................................ 24.55 24.82 – 24.55 –

Level 11 ............................................................ 31.79 31.79 – 31.79 –

Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... 27.59 27.75 – 27.59 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 25.60 25.55 – 25.60 –

Level 11 ............................................................ 31.39 31.39 – 31.39 –

Natural scientists ...................................................... 26.69 – – 26.69 –

Health related occupations ....................................... 22.62 21.91 27.47 22.80 21.79

Level 7 .............................................................. 19.99 19.99 – 19.80 22.12

Level 8 .............................................................. 19.99 19.72 – 19.77 20.69

Level 9 .............................................................. 22.12 22.21 21.66 22.47 20.53

Level 11 ............................................................ 25.51 25.41 – – –

Not able to be leveled ....................................... 26.33 19.35 – 26.33 –

Teachers, college and university .............................. 32.95 29.27 36.15 32.96 –

Level 12 ............................................................ 32.79 28.29 – 32.79 –

Teachers, except college and university .................. 26.50 15.00 29.22 27.79 17.90

See footnotes at end of table.

17
Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry,

State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 —

Continued

Occupational group3 and level

All workers 4 All industries

All industriesPrivate

industry

State and

local

government

Full-time

workers

Part-time

workers

White-collar occupations (-Continued)

Teachers, except college and university 

(-Continued)

Level 5 .............................................................. $20.00 – – $23.27 –

Level 6 .............................................................. 11.40 $9.69 – – $15.18

Level 7 .............................................................. 26.61 19.20 $29.36 27.26 –

Level 8 .............................................................. 27.71 – 28.59 27.31 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 28.48 – 29.83 29.11 20.47

Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... 25.73 26.15 25.12 26.27 21.65

Level 9 .............................................................. 23.76 – – 22.68 –

Level 11 ............................................................ 36.64 – 22.05 36.64 –

Social scientists and urban planners ........................ 27.74 – – 27.74 –

Social, religious, and recreation workers .................. 16.47 14.57 17.16 16.48 –

Level 6 .............................................................. 17.15 ––––

Level 7 .............................................................. 15.49 – – 15.49 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 15.50 16.48 – 15.50 –

Lawyers and judges .................................................. 26.77 ––––

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... 19.88 19.50 – 20.10 –

Not able to be leveled ....................................... 19.48 18.23 – 19.64 –

Technical occupations .................................................. 17.05 17.08 16.81 17.26 14.77

Level 4 .............................................................. 12.76 12.76 – 12.86 –

Level 5 .............................................................. 14.44 14.45 – 14.42 14.79

Level 6 .............................................................. 14.85 15.31 12.66 14.82 15.01

Level 7 .............................................................. 18.37 18.36 – 18.57 15.62

Level 8 .............................................................. 19.31 19.40 18.93 19.35 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 21.80 21.87 – 21.80 –

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... 27.32 28.26 24.01 27.45 19.17

Level 5 .............................................................. 14.60 15.69 – 14.53 –

Level 6 .............................................................. 15.92 15.61 – 15.92 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 18.14 18.37 17.50 18.25 –

Level 8 .............................................................. 18.09 17.27 19.12 18.09 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 23.31 23.89 21.05 23.31 –

Level 10 ............................................................ 28.34 27.14 – 28.34 –

Level 11 ............................................................ 32.17 31.06 – 32.17 –

Level 12 ............................................................ 40.50 41.33 37.51 40.50 –

Level 13 ............................................................ 49.62 50.30 – 49.62 –

Not able to be leveled ....................................... 37.83 37.83 – 37.83 –

Executives, administrators, and managers ............... 31.86 33.67 26.08 31.92 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 17.50 – – 17.57 –

Level 8 .............................................................. 17.40 17.56 – 17.40 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 23.26 24.01 20.78 23.31 –

Level 10 ............................................................ 28.43 26.94 – 28.43 –

Level 11 ............................................................ 32.84 31.75 – 32.84 –

Level 12 ............................................................ 40.50 41.33 37.51 40.50 –

Level 13 ............................................................ 49.62 50.30 – 49.62 –

Management related occupations ............................ 19.30 19.26 19.47 19.30 19.44

Level 5 .............................................................. 15.83 15.77 – 15.81 –

Level 6 .............................................................. 16.12 15.80 – 16.11 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 18.29 18.35 18.05 18.42 –

Level 8 .............................................................. 18.54 17.04 – 18.54 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 23.48 23.59 – 23.32 –

Sales occupations ............................................................ 15.61 15.59 – 18.75 6.87

Level 1 .............................................................. 6.58 6.58 – – 6.37

Level 3 .............................................................. 7.50 7.25 – 7.71 7.23

Level 4 .............................................................. 10.46 10.46 – 11.30 6.98

Level 5 .............................................................. 17.38 17.38 – 17.87 –

Level 6 .............................................................. 28.95 29.12 – 28.95 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 28.37 28.37 – 28.37 –

Level 8 .............................................................. 21.56 22.21 – 21.56 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 27.85 27.85 – 27.85 –

Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... 12.03 11.85 12.93 12.55 8.39

Level 1 .............................................................. 7.23 7.42 6.77 – 6.89

Level 2 .............................................................. 8.57 8.40 9.72 9.51 –

See footnotes at end of table.

18
Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry,

State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 —

Continued

Occupational group3 and level

All workers 4 All industries

All industriesPrivate

industry

State and

local

government

Full-time

workers

Part-time

workers

White-collar occupations (-Continued)

Administrative support occupations, including clerical 

(-Continued)

Level 3 .............................................................. $10.55 $10.18 $12.25 $10.69 $9.13

Level 4 .............................................................. 12.03 11.80 13.02 12.22 10.05

Level 5 .............................................................. 13.56 13.41 15.25 13.76 –

Level 6 .............................................................. 14.54 14.68 13.97 14.58 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 16.74 16.54 17.50 16.72 –

Not able to be leveled ....................................... 17.35 17.35 – 18.13 –

Blue-collar occupations ......................................................... 13.92 13.78 15.52 14.29 8.17

Level 1 .............................................................. 8.51 8.43 – 8.91 7.43

Level 2 .............................................................. 10.59 10.31 14.99 10.71 8.19

Level 3 .............................................................. 12.98 12.97 13.02 13.12 10.35

Level 4 .............................................................. 14.75 14.78 13.94 14.82 10.99

Level 5 .............................................................. 14.60 14.42 15.88 14.65 –

Level 6 .............................................................. 16.26 16.15 – 16.26 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 18.95 19.33 17.07 18.95 –

Level 8 .............................................................. 26.17 26.17 – 26.17 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 27.03 27.08 – 27.03 –

Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... 17.55 17.86 15.85 17.55 –

Level 2 .............................................................. 11.20 11.20 – – –

Level 3 .............................................................. 12.05 11.91 – 12.06 –

Level 4 .............................................................. 13.58 13.70 – 13.58 –

Level 5 .............................................................. 14.11 14.14 14.02 14.11 –

Level 6 .............................................................. 16.68 16.51 – 16.68 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 19.33 19.92 16.59 19.33 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 26.87 26.92 – 26.87 –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. 12.73 12.70 – 12.80 7.35

Level 1 .............................................................. 8.24 8.24 – 8.34 –

Level 2 .............................................................. 9.73 9.73 – 9.76 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 13.12 13.12 – 13.15 –

Level 4 .............................................................. 14.10 14.10 – 14.10 –

Level 5 .............................................................. 14.28 14.28 – 14.28 –

Level 6 .............................................................. 16.00 16.00 – 16.00 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 16.84 16.76 – 16.84 –

Transportation and material moving occupations ............. 15.89 15.94 15.70 16.16 12.08

Level 1 .............................................................. 9.63 ––––

Level 2 .............................................................. 13.37 – 14.99 13.45 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 14.44 14.64 – 14.76 –

Level 4 .............................................................. 16.93 17.20 – 17.22 –

Level 5 .............................................................. 16.88 15.74 – 17.15 –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 10.34 10.24 12.64 11.22 7.54

Level 1 .............................................................. 8.52 8.41 – 9.17 7.48

Level 2 .............................................................. 11.23 11.23 – 11.70 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 11.90 11.86 – 12.53 7.63

Level 4 .............................................................. 11.88 11.72 – 12.00 –

Level 5 .............................................................. 14.29 14.27 – 14.61 –

Service occupations ........................................................... 10.03 8.04 14.45 11.44 6.80

Level 1 .............................................................. 7.09 6.53 9.45 8.44 6.24

Level 2 .............................................................. 7.82 7.06 11.48 8.96 6.15

Level 3 .............................................................. 8.84 8.47 11.26 9.12 7.81

Level 4 .............................................................. 11.05 9.79 12.93 11.17 10.09

Level 5 .............................................................. 12.90 11.84 13.86 12.89 –

Level 6 .............................................................. 15.63 14.04 – 15.63 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 17.56 14.05 18.18 17.57 –

Level 8 .............................................................. 20.18 – 20.62 20.17 –

Protective service occupations ............................... 14.74 8.99 16.89 15.00 10.95

Level 2 .............................................................. 7.30 ––––

Level 3 .............................................................. 11.80 – – 11.73 –

Level 4 .............................................................. 11.19 ––––

Level 5 .............................................................. 13.57 – – 13.44 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 17.76 – 18.05 17.78 –

See footnotes at end of table.

19
Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry,

State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 —

Continued

Occupational group3 and level

All workers 4 All industries

All industriesPrivate

industry

State and

local

government

Full-time

workers

Part-time

workers

Service occupations (-Continued)

Protective service occupations (-Continued)

Level 8 .............................................................. $19.16 – $19.16 – –

Food service occupations ........................................ 7.23 $6.81 10.48 $8.83 $5.95

Level 1 .............................................................. 6.68 6.19 11.11 9.31 6.09

Level 2 .............................................................. 5.44 4.77 – 6.55 4.69

Level 3 .............................................................. 6.85 6.85 – 6.86 6.83

Level 4 .............................................................. 9.11 8.62 – 9.04 –

Level 5 .............................................................. 11.14 10.91 – 10.91 –

Health service occupations ..................................... 9.37 9.05 11.81 9.47 8.65

Level 2 .............................................................. 8.31 8.31 – 8.47 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 9.05 9.08 – 9.15 8.34

Level 4 .............................................................. 9.42 9.22 – 9.01 11.84

Cleaning and building service occupations ............ 9.35 8.61 11.30 10.29 7.39

Level 1 .............................................................. 7.54 7.01 – 8.26 6.20

Level 2 .............................................................. 11.07 10.48 – 12.48 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 9.75 9.27 – 10.31 –

Level 4 .............................................................. 10.98 ––––

Personal service occupations ................................. 12.49 9.19 15.06 14.08 7.54

Level 1 .............................................................. 7.57 – – – 7.42

Level 2 .............................................................. 5.63 5.59 – – 3.61

Level 3 .............................................................. 8.91 8.32 – – 9.06

Level 4 .............................................................. 13.78 11.95 – 14.05 –

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to

employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,

and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations,

holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed

by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of

workers, weighted by hours. 2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an

establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge,

complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the

occupation’s ranking within each factor. The points are summed to

determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for

more information. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual

occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.

Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major

occupational groups. 4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees

are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule

based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a

worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a

full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in

another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time

schedule.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did

not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and

occupational levels may include data for categories not shown

separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. 

ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS

WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 

NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this

update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the

positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure

compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the

same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior

survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the

occupation.

20
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private

industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February

1999

Occupation3 and level

All workers4 All industries

All industriesPrivate

industry

State and

local

government

Full-time

workers

Part-time

workers

White-collar occupations:

Professional specialty and technical occupations:

Professional specialty occupations:

Electrical and electronic engineers ....................... $29.67 $29.67 – $29.67 –

Industrial engineers .............................................. 25.20 25.20 – 25.20 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 25.40 25.40 – 25.40 –

Mechanical engineers ........................................... 24.28 24.28 – 24.28 –

Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. 28.06 28.06 – 28.06 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 28.71 28.71 – 28.71 –

Level 11 ............................................................ 32.70 32.70 – 32.70 –

Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... 27.97 28.18 – 27.97 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 25.31 25.25 – 25.31 –

Level 11 ............................................................ 31.34 31.34 – 31.34 –

Physicians ............................................................ 34.62 32.21 – 34.06 –

Not able to be leveled ....................................... 26.98 – – 26.98 –

Registered nurses ................................................ 20.61 20.32 $23.11 20.48 $21.14

Level 7 .............................................................. 20.04 20.04 – 19.83 22.21

Level 8 .............................................................. 20.06 20.18 – 19.82 20.81

Level 9 .............................................................. 20.47 19.91 22.69 20.54 20.21

Level 11 ............................................................ 25.19 ––––

Respiratory therapists ........................................... 17.79 17.79 – 17.57 –

Physical therapists ................................................ 29.09 29.09 – – –

Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. ......................... 36.44 – 36.44 36.45 –

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................ 15.15 – – 16.35 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 27.38 – – 27.38 –

Elementary school teachers ................................. 29.90 – 32.32 30.10 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 27.71 – 31.36 27.95 –

Secondary school teachers .................................. 29.74 21.54 33.34 29.50 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 25.74 22.68 – – –

Level 9 .............................................................. 30.01 21.57 – 30.01 –

Teachers, special education ................................. 26.73 – 26.73 – –

Teachers, N.E.C. .................................................. 26.83 17.66 28.04 28.61 19.52

Level 9 .............................................................. 29.23 – 29.16 – 22.42

Vocational and educational counselors ................ 23.50 – 23.50 – –

Librarians .............................................................. 21.98 18.74 25.25 21.99 21.94

Level 9 .............................................................. 23.76 – – 22.68 –

Level 11 ............................................................ 22.05 – 22.05 22.05 –

Social workers ...................................................... 16.46 14.57 17.16 16.46 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 15.49 – – 15.49 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 15.50 16.48 – 15.50 –

Designers ............................................................. 22.95 22.95 – 22.95 –

Technical occupations:

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians 15.11 15.11 – – 17.08

Radiological technicians ....................................... 17.94 18.59 – – –

Licensed practical nurses ..................................... 14.65 14.08 – 14.75 14.19

Level 5 .............................................................. 13.57 13.57 – 13.58 –

Level 6 .............................................................. 14.48 14.49 – 14.34 14.91

Level 7 .............................................................. 16.16 ––––

Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ....... 15.85 16.71 – 16.44 13.94

Level 4 .............................................................. 13.17 13.17 – – –

Level 6 .............................................................. 13.38 ––––

Electrical and electronic technicians ..................... 19.08 19.27 – 19.28 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 20.71 20.71 – 21.11 –

Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ........................... 13.13 13.07 – 13.13 –

Drafters ................................................................. 14.01 14.01 – 14.01 –

Level 5 .............................................................. 14.44 14.44 – 14.44 –

Computer programmers ....................................... 18.01 17.80 – 17.97 –

Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. .......... 17.29 16.98 18.09 17.32 15.73

Level 7 .............................................................. 18.14 ––––

Level 8 .............................................................. 20.06 – 18.92 20.14 –

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations:

Administrators and officials, public administration 26.24 – 26.24 26.24 –

Financial managers .............................................. 33.17 33.19 – 33.55 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 22.78 22.78 – 23.05 –

Level 12 ............................................................ 45.88 46.21 – 45.88 –

See footnotes at end of table.

21
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private

industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February

1999 — Continued

Occupation3 and level

All workers4 All industries

All industriesPrivate

industry

State and

local

government

Full-time

workers

Part-time

workers

White-collar occupations: (-Continued)

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations: 

(-Continued)

Managers, marketing, advertising and public

relations .......................................................... $40.74 $42.78 – $40.74 –

Administrators, education and related fields ......... 35.63 24.60 $38.58 35.63 –

Level 12 ............................................................ 38.65 – – 38.65 –

Managers, medicine and health ........................... 29.03 29.03 – 29.03 –

Managers, service organizations, N.E.C. ............. 21.56 – – 21.56 –

Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. 31.94 33.40 20.23 31.96 –

Level 8 .............................................................. 17.91 – – 17.91 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 23.41 24.24 – 23.41 –

Level 10 ............................................................ 29.41 29.41 – 29.41 –

Level 11 ............................................................ 32.44 32.44 – 32.44 –

Level 12 ............................................................ 38.04 38.04 – 38.04 –

Level 13 ............................................................ 52.70 53.76 – 52.70 –

Accountants and auditors ..................................... 18.95 18.84 – 18.95 –

Other financial officers .......................................... 18.80 18.83 – 18.80 –

Personnel, training, and labor relations

specialists ....................................................... 19.77 19.72 19.90 20.20 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 19.82 19.42 – 20.68 –

Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................ 23.82 23.82 – 23.82 –

Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ 18.81 18.83 – 18.46 –

Level 6 .............................................................. 16.50 16.34 – 16.50 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 22.10 21.66 – 21.18 –

Sales occupations:

Supervisors, sales occupations ............................ 21.00 21.41 – 21.89 –

Level 8 .............................................................. 19.80 21.30 – 19.80 –

Advertising and related sales occupations ........... 18.21 18.26 – 18.07 –

Sales occupations, other business services ......... 29.59 29.59 – 29.59 –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,

and wholesale ................................................. 30.03 30.03 – 30.03 –

Sales workers, other commodities ........................ 8.36 8.36 – – $6.97

Level 3 .............................................................. 7.38 7.38 – – –

Cashiers ............................................................... 7.14 6.99 – 7.96 6.67

Level 1 .............................................................. 6.61 6.61 – – 6.44

Level 3 .............................................................. 7.45 7.08 – – 7.27

Administrative support occupations, including clerical:

Supervisors, general office ................................... 16.72 16.56 – 16.83 –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and

adjusting clerks ............................................... 13.97 13.84 – 14.03 –

Secretaries ........................................................... 13.70 13.71 13.68 13.79 11.94

Level 2 .............................................................. 11.15 ––––

Level 3 .............................................................. 11.99 10.68 – 12.23 –

Level 4 .............................................................. 12.07 11.75 12.86 12.11 11.34

Level 5 .............................................................. 13.97 14.11 – 13.97 –

Level 6 .............................................................. 15.11 15.20 – 15.11 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 17.02 16.92 – 16.97 –

Interviewers .......................................................... 11.13 11.13 – – –

Receptionists ........................................................ 10.17 9.85 – 10.42 8.78

Level 2 .............................................................. 8.53 8.41 – – –

Level 3 .............................................................. 10.75 10.35 – 11.11 –

Information clerks, N.E.C. ..................................... 11.08 11.11 – 11.31 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 9.54 9.54 – – –

Order clerks .......................................................... 12.10 12.10 – 12.10 –

Personnel clerks except payroll and timekeeping 15.61 ––––

Library clerks ........................................................ 9.56 – 9.45 11.38 7.97

Level 1 .............................................................. 6.15 – 6.19 – 6.15

Level 4 .............................................................. 10.74 – 10.95 – 8.72

Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... 10.25 10.19 – 10.29 –

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... 11.60 11.23 – 11.64 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 11.30 10.92 – 11.34 –

Level 4 .............................................................. 10.47 10.47 – 10.47 –

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ............................. 13.15 12.49 – 13.32 –

Billing clerks .......................................................... 11.92 11.92 – 12.24 –

See footnotes at end of table.

22
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private

industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February

1999 — Continued

Occupation3 and level

All workers4 All industries

All industriesPrivate

industry

State and

local

government

Full-time

workers

Part-time

workers

White-collar occupations: (-Continued)

Administrative support occupations, including clerical: 

(-Continued)

Telephone operators ............................................ $10.21 $10.21 – – –

Mail clerks except postal service .......................... 8.28 8.28 – $8.35 –

Dispatchers ........................................................... 10.33 9.96 – 11.03 –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... 12.73 12.73 – 12.76 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 12.03 12.03 – – –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and

investigators ................................................... 13.04 13.04 – 13.04 –

Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...... 11.61 11.47 – 11.72 –

Bill and account collectors .................................... 11.04 11.04 – 11.04 –

General office clerks ............................................. 11.25 10.45 $13.61 11.45 –

Level 2 .............................................................. 8.85 8.90 – 9.02 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 9.31 9.28 – 9.31 –

Level 4 .............................................................. 12.18 12.44 – 12.20 –

Level 5 .............................................................. 15.03 – – 15.03 –

Data entry keyers ................................................. 9.94 9.21 – 10.23 $8.01

Level 2 .............................................................. 9.22 9.22 – – –

Teachers’ aides .................................................... 11.28 – 11.33 – 9.18

Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... 12.68 12.95 9.57 13.36 9.48

Level 1 .............................................................. 6.74 ––––

Level 2 .............................................................. 10.53 10.85 – – –

Level 3 .............................................................. 11.03 10.80 – 11.05 –

Level 4 .............................................................. 14.01 14.01 – – –

Level 5 .............................................................. 13.24 13.24 – 14.27 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 15.25 15.25 – 15.25 –

Professional occupations, N.E.C. ......................... 19.27 18.36 – 19.39 –

Not able to be leveled ....................................... 19.95 17.41 – 20.26 –

Blue-collar occupations:

Precision production, craft, and repair occupations:

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ................. 20.70 – – 20.70 –

Automobile mechanics ......................................... 15.51 – – 15.51 –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics ....... 17.42 – – 17.42 –

Industrial machinery repairers .............................. 17.38 17.38 – 17.38 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 20.84 20.88 – 20.84 –

Machinery maintenance occupations ................... 11.62 – – 11.63 –

Millwrights ............................................................. 22.74 22.74 – 22.74 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 22.74 22.74 – 22.74 –

Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... 17.56 17.81 – 17.58 –

Level 5 .............................................................. 12.40 – – 12.40 –

Level 6 .............................................................. 19.26 – – 19.26 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 21.28 – – 21.28 –

Supervisors, construction trades, N.E.C. .............. 20.80 – – 20.80 –

Electricians ........................................................... 21.37 22.03 – 21.37 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 21.41 22.07 – 21.41 –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters .................. 17.79 20.58 – 17.79 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 18.67 22.93 – 18.67 –

Supervisors, production occupations .................... 19.13 19.13 – 19.13 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 16.87 16.87 – 16.87 –

Level 9 .............................................................. 24.23 24.23 – 24.23 –

Tool and die makers ............................................. 19.95 19.95 – 19.95 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 20.12 20.12 – 20.12 –

Machinists ............................................................. 16.06 16.06 – 16.06 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 16.04 16.04 – 16.04 –

Miscellaneous precision workers, N.E.C. ............. 16.07 16.07 – 16.07 –

Inspectors, testers, and graders ........................... 17.35 17.10 – 17.35 –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors:

Punching and stamping press operators .............. 10.89 10.89 – 10.89 –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing

machine operators .......................................... 14.25 14.25 – 14.25 –

Level 4 .............................................................. 13.87 13.87 – 13.87 –

Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ 15.43 15.43 – 15.43 –

Molding and casting machine operators ............... 11.12 11.12 – 11.33 –

See footnotes at end of table.

23
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private

industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February

1999 — Continued

Occupation3 and level

All workers4 All industries

All industriesPrivate

industry

State and

local

government

Full-time

workers

Part-time

workers

Blue-collar occupations: (-Continued)

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors: 

(-Continued)

Printing press operators ....................................... $15.05 $15.05 – $15.05 –

Textile sewing machine operators ........................ 9.13 9.13 – 9.13 –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators 8.09 8.09 – 8.21 –

Packaging and filling machine operators .............. 11.88 11.88 – 11.88 –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators ... 13.98 13.98 – 13.98 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 13.74 13.74 – 13.74 –

Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... 12.74 12.56 – 12.79 –

Level 2 .............................................................. 9.01 9.01 – 9.01 –

Level 4 .............................................................. 13.87 13.87 – 13.87 –

Level 5 .............................................................. 13.82 13.82 – 13.82 –

Level 6 .............................................................. 15.56 15.56 – 15.56 –

Welders and cutters .............................................. 15.38 15.38 – 15.38 –

Assemblers ........................................................... 11.83 11.83 – 11.92 –

Level 1 .............................................................. 7.53 7.53 – 7.63 –

Level 2 .............................................................. 10.71 10.71 – 10.72 –

Level 4 .............................................................. 10.49 10.49 – 10.49 –

Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. 12.51 12.51 – 12.51 –

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. 12.93 12.93 – 12.93 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 12.07 12.07 – 12.07 –

Level 5 .............................................................. 14.96 14.96 – 14.96 –

Production testers ................................................. 11.82 11.82 – 11.82 –

Transportation and material moving occupations:

Truck drivers ......................................................... 16.65 16.64 – 16.89 –

Level 4 .............................................................. 18.00 18.08 – 18.35 –

Level 5 .............................................................. 14.94 15.11 – – –

Bus drivers ............................................................ 14.66 – $14.72 15.46 $13.08

Level 2 .............................................................. 14.99 – 14.99 – –

Crane and tower operators ................................... 18.15 18.15 – 18.15 –

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. 13.59 13.59 – 13.69 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 14.98 14.98 – 15.51 –

Level 4 .............................................................. 13.57 13.57 – 13.57 –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers:

Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm ....... 10.15 10.06 – 10.52 –

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, N.E.C. .............................................. 14.99 14.99 – 15.59 –

Stock handlers and baggers ................................. 9.24 9.19 – 11.45 6.53

Level 1 .............................................................. 7.57 7.57 – 9.79 6.41

Level 2 .............................................................. 12.47 12.47 – 12.61 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 10.93 11.09 – 12.07 –

Machine feeders and offbearers ........................... 8.91 8.91 – 9.07 –

Level 1 .............................................................. 6.95 6.95 – 7.11 –

Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ....... 10.24 10.24 – 10.51 –

Level 1 .............................................................. 8.94 8.94 – – –

Level 2 .............................................................. 11.62 11.62 – 11.96 –

Hand packers and packagers ............................... 10.69 10.69 – 11.12 –

Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... 10.06 9.71 – 10.62 –

Level 1 .............................................................. 9.00 8.36 – 9.00 –

Level 2 .............................................................. 11.05 11.05 – – –

Service occupations:

Protective service occupations:

Firefighting occupations ........................................ 14.85 – 14.85 14.82 –

Police and detectives, public service .................... 18.40 – 18.79 18.45 –

Level 7 .............................................................. 17.79 – 18.56 17.86 –

Guards and police except public service .............. 9.69 9.02 – 9.77 9.08

Food service occupations:

Supervisors, food preparation and service

occupations .................................................... 11.44 11.44 – 11.84 –

Level 5 .............................................................. 11.07 11.07 – – –

Bartenders ............................................................ 6.57 6.57 – – –

Level 2 .............................................................. 3.37 3.37 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

24
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private

industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February

1999 — Continued

Occupation3 and level

All workers4 All industries

All industriesPrivate

industry

State and

local

government

Full-time

workers

Part-time

workers

Service occupations: (-Continued)

Food service occupations: (-Continued)

Waiters and waitresses ........................................ $3.24 $3.24 – $3.58 $2.86

Level 2 .............................................................. 2.37 2.37 – – 2.13

Cooks ................................................................... 8.57 8.14 – 8.78 8.35

Level 3 .............................................................. 7.45 7.45 – 8.06 –

Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................ 6.51 6.49 – – 6.23

Level 1 .............................................................. 6.10 6.10 – – 5.99

Level 3 .............................................................. 7.73 7.73 – – 7.72

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................ 3.01 3.01 – – 3.11

Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. 8.34 7.35 $10.65 9.44 7.17

Level 1 .............................................................. 8.51 7.26 – 10.23 6.82

Level 2 .............................................................. 8.14 7.29 – 8.84 7.28

Health service occupations:

Health aides, except nursing ................................ 10.18 9.33 12.84 10.27 9.55

Level 3 .............................................................. 8.93 8.89 – 8.90 –

Level 4 .............................................................. 10.97 10.70 – 10.42 –

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... 8.90 8.93 – 9.01 8.12

Level 2 .............................................................. 8.77 8.77 – 8.93 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 9.09 9.13 – 9.23 8.24

Level 4 .............................................................. 8.26 ––––

Cleaning and building service occupations:

Supervisors, cleaning and building service

workers ........................................................... 12.08 – – 12.08 –

Maids and housemen ........................................... 7.68 7.68 – 7.74 –

Level 1 .............................................................. 7.89 7.89 – 8.06 –

Janitors and cleaners ........................................... 9.39 8.67 11.05 10.54 7.39

Level 1 .............................................................. 7.50 6.86 – 8.29 6.12

Level 2 .............................................................. 11.40 10.94 – 13.26 –

Level 3 .............................................................. 10.15 9.71 – 11.02 –

Personal service occupations:

Early childhood teachers’ assistants .................... 7.81 7.38 – – –

Service occupations, N.E.C. ................................. 11.29 7.60 – 12.87 7.01

Level 1 .............................................................. 8.23 ––––

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to

employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,

and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations,

holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed

by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of

workers, weighted by hours. 2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an

establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge,

complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the

occupation’s ranking within each factor. The points are summed to

determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for

more information. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual

occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.

Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major

occupational groups. 4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees

are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule

based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a

worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a

full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in

another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time

schedule.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did

not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and

occupational levels may include data for categories not shown

separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. 

ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS

WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 

NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this

update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the

positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure

compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the

same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior

survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the

occupation.

25
Table C-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and selected characteristics, all industries,

Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999

Occupational group2 Full-time

workers3

Part-time

workers3 Union4 Nonunion4 Time5 Incentive5

All occupations ....................................................................... $17.16 $9.28 $17.26 $15.79 $16.02 $20.01

All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 17.08 9.64 17.46 15.74 16.21 17.35

White-collar occupations ................................................... 20.28 11.63 20.64 19.11 19.13 23.34

White-collar excluding sales ............................................. 20.43 13.43 21.69 19.46 19.79 21.20

Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ 23.35 18.97 26.56 21.93 23.01 –

Professional specialty occupations ............................... 25.02 20.13 27.75 23.52 24.59 –

Technical occupations .................................................. 17.26 14.77 17.13 17.03 16.93 –

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... 27.45 19.17 21.21 27.59 26.84 40.20

Sales occupations ............................................................ 18.75 6.87 9.69 16.45 11.75 24.74

Administrative support including clerical occupations ...... 12.55 8.39 12.64 11.92 12.08 –

Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... 14.29 8.17 16.49 11.77 13.83 15.39

Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... 17.55 – 18.77 16.28 17.49 18.67

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. 12.80 7.35 16.25 10.71 12.63 13.95

Transportation and material moving occupations ............. 16.16 12.08 16.89 13.40 15.79 17.49

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 11.22 7.54 12.75 8.61 10.31 –

Service occupations ........................................................... 11.44 6.80 14.02 7.86 10.02 –

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to

employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and

hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,

nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay

of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is

used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are

classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time

schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a

worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time

employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm,

where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 4 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through

collective bargaining. 5 Time workers’ wages are based solely on an hourly rate or salary;

incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on

productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production

bonuses.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet

publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may

include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not

elsewhere classified." 

NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update

survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics

where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality

survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. 

Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in

mean wages for the occupation.

26
Table C-2. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and industry division, private industry, all workers2, Cleveland-Akron,

OH, February 1999

Occupational group3 All private

industries

Goods-producing industries4 Service-producing industries5

Total Mining

ConstructionManufacturing

Total

Transportation

and

public

utilities

Wholesale

and

retail

trade

Finance,

insurance,

and

real

estate

Services

All occupations ........................................................................... $15.54 –––––––– $14.89

All occupations excluding sales ................................................ 15.54 – – – – – – – – 14.78

White-collar occupations ....................................................... 18.62 – – – – – – – – 17.77

White-collar excluding sales ................................................. 19.11 – – – – – – – – 17.75

Professional specialty and technical occupations ................ 21.80 – – – – – – – – 20.35

Professional specialty occupations ................................... 23.52 – – – – – – – – 21.97

Technical occupations ...................................................... 17.08 – – – – – – – – 15.23

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ....... 28.26 – – – – – – – – 25.05

Sales occupations ................................................................ 15.59 – – – – – – – – 18.08

Administrative support, including clerical occupations ......... 11.85 – – – – – – – – 10.75

Blue-collar occupations ......................................................... 13.78 – – – – – – – – 9.06

Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .............. 17.86 – – – – – – – – 15.99

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. 12.70 – – – – – – – – 7.77

Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 15.94 – – – – – – – – 8.14

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... 10.24 – – – – – – – – 7.16

Service occupations ............................................................... 8.04 – – – – – – – – 8.32

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as

working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each

establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be

considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in

another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover

all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine

major occupational groups. 4 Goods-producing industries include mining, construction, and manufacturing. 5 Service-producing industries include transportation and public utilities; wholesale

and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for

categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR

SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 

NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A

procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were

collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with

the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by

the average change in mean wages for the occupation.

27
Table C-3. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and establishment employment size, private

industry, all workers2, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999

Occupational group3

All private

industry

workers

50 - 99

workers

100 workers or more

Total 100 - 499

workers

500

workers or

more

All occupations ....................................................................... $15.54 $13.22 $16.19 $14.39 $18.34

All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 15.54 12.50 16.29 14.41 18.45

White-collar occupations ................................................... 18.62 16.67 19.08 17.98 20.05

White-collar excluding sales ............................................. 19.11 16.50 19.53 18.56 20.31

Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ 21.80 17.45 22.29 20.54 23.33

Professional specialty occupations ............................... 23.52 17.93 24.10 23.35 24.45

Technical occupations .................................................. 17.08 16.47 17.17 15.63 18.82

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... 28.26 30.87 27.86 28.40 27.26

Sales occupations ............................................................ 15.59 16.97 14.21 14.14 14.39

Administrative support, including clerical occupations ..... 11.85 10.71 12.10 11.47 12.71

Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... 13.78 12.30 14.22 12.47 17.04

Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... 17.86 15.95 18.50 16.37 20.78

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. 12.70 10.12 13.44 11.69 17.27

Transportation and material moving occupations ............. 15.94 15.22 16.15 13.86 18.76

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 10.24 10.65 10.13 10.10 10.18

Service occupations ........................................................... 8.04 6.83 8.62 7.79 10.22

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to

employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,

and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations,

holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed

by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of

workers, weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees

are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule

based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a

worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a

full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in

another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time

schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual

occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.

Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major

occupational groups. 

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did

not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and

occupational levels may include data for categories not shown

separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. 

ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS

WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 

NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this

update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the

positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure

compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the

same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior

survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the

occupation.

28
Table C-4. Number of workers1 represented by occupational group, Cleveland-Akron,

OH, February 1999

Occupational group2

All workers

All industries Private

industry

State and

local government

All occupations ....................................................................... 828,143 661,752 166,391

All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 775,787 610,116 165,671

White-collar occupations ................................................... 440,157 334,892 105,265

White-collar excluding sales ............................................. 387,801 283,256 104,545

Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ 185,447 119,748 65,699

Professional specialty occupations ............................... 149,204 87,792 61,413

Technical occupations .................................................. 36,243 31,957 4,286

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... 64,833 50,162 14,671

Sales occupations ............................................................ 52,356 51,636 –

Administrative support including clerical occupations ...... 137,521 113,346 24,175

Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... 249,174 228,210 20,964

Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... 61,565 51,913 9,652

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. 99,691 99,029 –

Transportation and material moving occupations ............. 32,281 23,803 8,478

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 55,637 53,466 2,171

Service occupations ........................................................... 138,812 98,650 40,162

1 Both full-time and part-time workers were included in

the survey. Employees are classified as working either a

full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition

used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a

35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time

employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time

in another establishment, where a 40-hour week is the

minimum full-time schedule. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual

occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian

economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of

nine major occupational groups. 

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that

data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational

groups and occupational levels may include data for

categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not

elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED

REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. 

ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE

RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 

NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in

this update survey. A procedure was put into place to

"move" the positional statistics where averages were

collected. This procedure compares current locality survey

data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior

survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by

the average change in mean wages for the occupation.

29
A-1

Appendix A: Technical Note

This section provides basic information on the procedures

and concepts used to produce the data contained in this

bulletin. It is divided into three parts: Planning for the survey; data collection; and processing and analyzing the data.

Although this section answers some questions commonly

asked by data users, it is not a comprehensive description

of all the steps required to produce the data.

Planning for the survey

The overall design of the survey includes questions of

scope, frame, and sample selection.

Survey scope

This survey covered establishments employing 50 workers

or more in goods-producing industries (mining, construction and manufacturing); service-producing industries

(transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary

services; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance,

and real estate; and services industries); and State and local

governments. Agriculture, private households, and the Federal Government were excluded from the scope of the survey. For purposes of this survey an establishment was an

economic unit which produces goods or services, a central

administrative office, or an auxiliary unit providing support

services to a company. For private industries in this survey, the establishment was usually at a single physical location. For State and local governments, an establishment

was defined as all locations of a government entity.

The Cleveland-Akron, OH, Metropolitan Statistical

Area includes Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain,

Medina, Portage, and Summit Counties.

Sampling frame

The list of establishments from which the survey sample

was selected (sampling frame) was developed from State

unemployment insurance reports. Due to the volatility of

industries within the private sector, sampling frames were

developed using the most recent month of reference available at the time the sample was selected. The sampling

frame was reviewed prior to the survey and, when necessary, missing establishments were added, out-of-business

and out-of-scope establishments were removed, and addresses, employment levels, industry classification, and

other information were updated.

Sample design

The sample for this survey area was selected using a two

stage stratified design with probability proportional to employment sampling at each stage. The first stage of sample

selection was a probability sample of establishments. The

sample of establishments was drawn by first stratifying the

sampling frame by industry and ownership. The number of

sample establishments allocated to each stratum is approximately proportional to the stratum employment. Each

sampled establishment is selected within a stratum with a

probability proportional to its employment. Use of this

technique means that the larger an establishment’s employment, the greater its chance of selection. Weights were

applied to each establishment when the data were tabulated

so that it represents similar units (by industry and employment size) in the economy which were not selected for

collection. See appendix table 1 for a count of establishments in the survey by employment size. The second stage

of sample selection, detailed below, was a probability sample of occupations within a sampled establishment.

Data collection

The collection of data from survey respondents required

detailed procedures. Collection was the responsibility of

the field economists, working out of the Regional Office,

who visited each establishment surveyed. Other contact

methods, such as mail and telephone, were used to followup and update data.

Occupational selection and classification

Identification of the occupations for which wage data were

to be collected was a multi-step process:

1. Probability-proportional-to-size selection of establishment jobs.

2. Classification of jobs into occupations based on the

Census of Population system.

3. Characterization of jobs as full-time v. part-time,

union v. nonunion, and time v. incentive.

4. Determination of the level of work of each job.

For each occupation, wage data were collected for those

workers who met all the criteria identified in the last three

steps. Special procedures were developed for jobs for

which a correct classification or level could not be determined.

In step one, the jobs to be sampled were selected at each

establishment by the BLS field economist during a personal

visit. A complete list of employees was used for sampling,
A-2

with each selected worker representing a job within the establishment.

As with the selection of establishments, the selection of

a job was based on probability proportional to its size in

the establishment. The greater the number of people

working in a job in the establishment, the greater its chance

of selection.

The number of jobs collected in each establishment was

based on an establishment’s employment size as shown in

the following schedule:

Number of employees Number of selected jobs

50-99 8

100-249 10

250-999 12

1000-2,499 16

2,500+ 20

The second step of the process entailed classifying the

selected jobs into occupations based on their duties. The

National Compensation Survey occupational classification

system is based on the 1990 Census of Population. A selected job may fall into any one of about 480 occupational

classifications, from accountant to wood lathe operator. In

cases where a job’s duties overlapped two or more census

classification codes, the duties used to set the wage level

were used to classify the job. Classification by primary

duties was the fallback.

Each occupational classification is an element of a

broader classification known as a major occupational group

(MOG). Occupations can fall into any of the following

MOGs:

· Professional specialty and technical

· Executive, administrative, and managerial

· Sales

· Administrative support including clerical

· Precision production, craft, and repair

· Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

· Transportation and material moving

· Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

· Service occupations

Appendix B contains a complete list of all individual

occupations, classified by the MOG to which they belong.

In step three, certain other job characteristics of the chosen

worker were identified. First, the worker was identified as

holding either a full-time or part-time job, based on the establishment’s definition of those terms. Then the worker

was classified as having a time versus incentive job, depending on whether any part of pay was directly based on

the actual production of the worker, rather than solely on

hours worked. Finally, the worker was identified as being

in a union job or a nonunion job. See the “Definition of

Terms” section on the following page for more detail.

Generic leveling through point factor analysis

In the last step before wage data were collected, the work

level of each selected job was determined using a “generic

leveling” process. Generic leveling ranks and compares all

occupations randomly selected in an establishment using

the same criteria. This is a major departure from the

method used in the past in the Bureau’s Occupational

Compensation Surveys which studied specifically defined

occupations with leveling definitions unique to each occupation.

For this survey, the level of each occupation in an establishment was determined by an analysis of each of 10

leveling factors. Nine of these factors are drawn from the

U.S. Government Office of Personnel Management’s Factor Evaluation System, which is the underlying structure for

evaluation of General Schedule Federal employees. The

tenth factor, supervisory duties, attempts to account for the

effect of supervisory duties. It is considered experimental.

The 10 factors are:

· Knowledge

· Supervision received

· Guidelines

· Complexity

· Scope and effect

· Personal contacts

· Purpose of contacts

· Physical demands

· Work environment

· Supervisory duties

Each factor contains a number of levels and each level

has an associated written description and point value. The

number and range of points differ among the factors. For

each factor, an occupation was assigned a level based on

which written description best matched the job. Within

each occupation, the points for 9 factors (supervisory duties

was excluded) were recorded and totaled. The total determines the overall level of the occupation. Appendix table 3

presents average work levels for published occupational

groups and selected occupations. A description of the levels for each factor is shown in appendix C.

Tabulations of levels of work for occupations in the

survey follow the Federal Government’s white-collar General Schedule. Point ranges for each of the 15 levels are

shown in appendix D. It also includes an example of a leveled job and a guide to help data users evaluate jobs in their

firm.

Wage data collected in prior surveys using the new generic leveling method were evaluated by BLS researchers

using regression techniques. For each of the major occupational groups, wages were compared to the 10 generic

level factors (and levels within those factors). The analysis

showed that several of the generic level factors, most notably knowledge and supervision received, had strong explanatory power for wages. That is, as the levels within a

given factor increased, the wages also increased. Detailed
A-3

research continues in the area. The results of this research

will be published by BLS in the future.

Collection period

The survey data were collected over several months. For

each establishment in the survey, the data reflect the establishment’s most recent information at the time of collection.

The payroll reference month shown in the tables reflects

the average date of this information for all sample units.

Earnings

Earnings were defined as regular payments from the employer to the employee as compensation for straight-time

hourly work, or for any salaried work performed. The following components were included as part of earnings:

· Incentive pay, including commissions, production

bonuses, and piece rates

· Cost-of-living allowances

· Hazard pay

· Payments of income deferred due to participation

in a salary reduction plan

· Deadhead pay, defined as pay given to transportation workers returning in a vehicle without freight

or passengers

The following forms of payments were not considered

part of straight-time earnings:

· Shift differentials, defined as extra payment for

working a schedule that varies from the norm, such

as night or weekend work

· Premium pay for overtime, holidays, and weekends

· Bonuses not directly tied to production (e.g.,

Christmas bonuses, profit-sharing bonuses)

· Uniform and tool allowances

· Free room and board

· Payments made by third parties (e.g., tips, bonuses

given by manufacturers to department store salespeople, referral incentives in real estate)

· On-call pay

In order to calculate earnings for various time periods

(hourly, weekly, and annual), data on work schedules were

also collected. For hourly workers, scheduled hours

worked per day and per week, exclusive of overtime, were

recorded. Annual weeks worked were determined. Because

salaried workers, exempt from overtime provisions, often

work beyond the assigned work schedule, their typical

number of hours actually worked was collected.

Definition of terms

Full-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be full time.

Incentive worker. Any employee whose earnings are tied,

at least in part, to commissions, piece rates, production bonuses, or other incentives based on production or sales.

Level. A ranking of an occupation based on the requirements of the position. (See the description in the technical

note and the example for more details on the leveling process.)

Nonunion worker. An employee in an occupation not

meeting the conditions for union coverage (see below).

Part-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be part-time.

Straight-time. Time worked at the standard rate of pay for

the job.

Time-based worker. Any employee whose earnings are

tied to an hourly rate or salary, and not to a specific level of

production.

Union worker. Any employee is in a union occupation

when all of the following conditions are met:

· A labor organization is recognized as the bargaining

agent for all workers in the occupation

· Wage and salary rates are determined through collective bargaining or negotiations

· Settlement terms, which must include earnings provisions and may include benefit provisions, are embodied in a signed mutually binding collective bargaining

agreement

 Processing and analyzing the data

Data were processed and analyzed at the Bureau’s National

Office following collection.

Weighting and nonresponse

Sample weights were calculated for each establishment and

occupation in the survey. These weights reflected the relative size of the occupation within the establishment and of

the establishment within the sample universe. Weights

were used to aggregate the individual establishments or occupations into the various data series. Some of the establishments surveyed could not supply or refused to supply

information. If data were not provided by a sample member, the weights of responding sample members in the same

or similar “cells” were adjusted to account for the missing

data. This technique assumes that the mean value of the

nonrespondents equals the mean value of the respondents at

some detailed “cell” level. Responding and nonresponding

establishments were classified into these cells according to

industry and employment size. Responding and nonresponding occupations within responding establishments

were classified into cells that were additionally defined by

major occupation group and job level.

Establishments that were determined to be out of busi

ness or outside the scope of the survey had their weights

changed to zero. If only partial data were given by a sample establishment or occupation, or data were missing, the

response was treated as a refusal.
A-4

Survey response

Establishments

 Total in sample 574

Responding 366

Out of business or not in

 survey scope 28

Unable or refused to pro-

 vide data 180

Some surveys may have a high nonresponse rate for the

all industries or private industry iterations. Such instances

are noted in the bulletin table footnotes.

Estimation

The wage series in the tables are computed by combining

the wages for individual establishment/occupations. Before

being combined, individual wage rates are weighted by:

number of workers; the sample weight adjusted for nonresponding establishments and other factors; and the occupation work schedule, varying depending on whether hourly,

weekly, or annual rates are being calculated.

Not all series that were calculated met the criteria for

publication. Before any series was published, it was reviewed to make sure that the number of observations underlying it was sufficient. This review prevented publishing a series that could have revealed information about a

specific establishment.

The number of workers estimates represent the total in

all establishments within the scope of the study and not the

number actually surveyed. Because occupational structures

among establishments differ, estimates of the number of

workers obtained from the sample of establishments serve

only to indicate the relative importance of the occupational

groups studied.

Data reliability

The data in this bulletin are estimates from a scientifically

selected probability sample. There are two types of errors

possible in an estimate based on a sample survey, sampling

and nonsampling.

Sampling errors occur because observations come only

from a sample and not from an entire population. The

sample used for this survey is one of a number of possible

samples of the same size that could have been selected using the sample design. Estimates derived from the different

samples would differ from each other.

A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is called the standard error or sampling error. It indicates the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the average result of all

possible samples. The relative standard error (RSE) is the

standard error divided by the estimate. Appendix table 2

contains RSE data for selected series in this bulletin. RSE

data for all series in this bulletin are available on the Internet web site and by request to the BLS National Office.

The standard error can be used to calculate a “confidence interval” around a sample estimate. As an example,

suppose table A-1 shows that mean hourly earnings for all

workers was $12.79 per hour, and appendix table 2 shows a

relative standard error of 3.6 percent for this estimate. At

the 90-percent level, the confidence interval for this estimate is $13.55 to $12.03 ($12.79 plus and minus 1.645

times 3.6 percent times $12.79). If all possible samples

were selected to estimate the population value, the interval

from each sample would include the true population value

approximately 90 percent of the time.

Nonsampling errors also affect survey results. They

can stem from many sources, such as inability to obtain information for some establishments, difficulties with survey

definitions, inability of the respondents to provide correct

information, or mistakes in recording or coding the data

obtained. A Technical Reinterview Program done in all

survey areas will be used in the development of a formal

quality assessment process to help compute nonsampling

error. Although they were not specifically measured, the

nonsampling errors were expected to be minimal due to the

extensive training of the field economists who gathered the

survey data by personal visit, computer edits of the data,

and detailed data review.
Appendix table 1. Number of establishments studied by industry division and establishment employment size,

and number of establishments represented, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999

Industry

Number of

establishments represented

Number of establishments studied

Total studied 50 - 99

workers

100 workers or more

Total 100 - 499

workers

500 workers

or more

All industries ......................................................... 4,351 354 96 258 156 102

Private industry ................................................. 4,020 306 92 214 137 77

Goods-producing industries .......................... 1,249 102 23 79 49 30

Mining ....................................................... 4 2 1 1 1 –

Construction ............................................. 142 8 6 2 2 –

Manufacturing ........................................... 1,103 92 16 76 46 30

Service-producing industries ........................ 2,771 204 69 135 88 47

Tranportation and public utilities ............... 276 14 4 10 6 4

Wholesale and retail trade ........................ 1,259 57 30 27 22 5

Finance, insurance and real estate .......... 114 12 1 11 5 6

Services .................................................... 1,122 121 34 87 55 32

State and local government .............................. 331 48 4 44 19 25

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported. Overall industry and industry groups may include data for categories not shown separately.

A-5
Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected

occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all

workers2, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999

(in percent)

Occupation3 All industries

Private

industry

State and

local

government

All occupations ....................................................................... 1.7 2.1 2.8

All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 1.7 2.1 2.9

White-collar occupations ................................................... 2.3 2.8 3.8

White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 2.3 2.8 3.8

Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ 1.9 2.3 3.6

Professional specialty occupations ............................... 2.1 2.6 3.6

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... 3.2 3.3 –

Electrical and electronic engineers ....................... 8.6 8.6 –

Industrial engineers .............................................. 5.4 5.4 –

Mechanical engineers ........................................... 7.1 7.1 –

Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. 4.4 4.4 –

Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... 4.6 4.8 –

Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... 5.0 5.2 –

Natural scientists ...................................................... 13.1 – –

Health related occupations ....................................... 4.0 4.0 13.4

Physicians ............................................................ 18.5 24.8 –

Registered nurses ................................................ 1.5 1.3 7.6

Respiratory therapists ........................................... 1.7 1.7 –

Physical therapists ................................................ 6.3 6.3 –

Teachers, college and university .............................. 5.6 5.6 7.3

Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. ......................... 7.5 – 7.5

Teachers, except college and university .................. 4.8 13.8 3.4

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................ 31.6 – –

Elementary school teachers ................................. 3.7 – 3.0

Secondary school teachers .................................. 4.6 6.8 3.6

Teachers, special education ................................. 7.9 – 7.9

Teachers, N.E.C. .................................................. 8.0 11.1 7.4

Vocational and educational counselors ................ 13.7 – 13.7

Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... 9.4 13.3 11.8

Librarians .............................................................. 9.1 6.7 11.8

Social scientists and urban planners ........................ 9.0 – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers .................. 6.0 4.2 7.3

Social workers ...................................................... 6.1 4.2 7.4

Lawyers and judges .................................................. 16.8 – –

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... 5.7 5.9 –

Designers ............................................................. 8.1 8.1 –

Professional occupations, N.E.C. ......................... 7.0 6.6 –

Technical occupations .................................................. 3.4 3.7 7.6

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians 3.3 3.3 –

Radiological technicians ....................................... 8.0 6.7 –

Licensed practical nurses ..................................... 3.8 1.8 –

Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ....... 9.2 8.3 –

Electrical and electronic technicians ..................... 8.3 8.6 –

Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ........................... 12.0 12.2 –

Drafters ................................................................. 8.1 8.2 –

Computer programmers ....................................... 9.8 10.4 –

Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. .......... 4.8 6.3 6.2

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... 4.4 4.9 9.1

Executives, administrators, and managers ............... 5.6 6.2 11.6

Administrators and officials, public administration 23.3 – 23.3

Financial managers .............................................. 9.3 9.4 –

Managers, marketing, advertising and public

relations .......................................................... 21.4 22.2 –

Administrators, education and related fields ......... 5.4 13.9 3.1

Managers, medicine and health ........................... 16.2 16.2 –

Managers, service organizations, N.E.C. ............. 23.7 – –

Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. 7.3 7.5 12.5

Management related occupations ............................ 2.5 2.9 4.8

Accountants and auditors ..................................... 5.9 6.5 –

Other financial officers .......................................... 6.0 7.0 –

Personnel, training, and labor relations

specialists ....................................................... 3.5 4.5 4.6

See footnotes at end of table.

A-6
Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected

occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all

workers2, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 — Continued

(in percent)

Occupation3 All industries

Private

industry

State and

local

government

White-collar occupations (-Continued)

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations 

(-Continued)

Management related occupations (-Continued)

Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................ 7.4 7.4 –

Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ 6.0 7.1 –

Sales occupations ............................................................ 8.3 8.5 –

Supervisors, sales occupations ............................ 10.9 11.5 –

Advertising and related sales occupations ........... 3.1 3.2 –

Sales occupations, other business services ......... 18.3 18.3 –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,

and wholesale ................................................. 6.5 6.5 –

Sales workers, other commodities ........................ 6.9 6.9 –

Cashiers ............................................................... 3.2 2.6 –

Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... 2.6 2.9 3.3

Supervisors, general office ................................... 8.5 11.9 –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and

adjusting clerks ............................................... 14.2 14.4 –

Secretaries ........................................................... 2.6 3.1 5.0

Interviewers .......................................................... 6.2 6.2 –

Receptionists ........................................................ 4.4 4.1 –

Information clerks, N.E.C. ..................................... 7.2 8.3 –

Order clerks .......................................................... 10.1 10.1 –

Personnel clerks except payroll and timekeeping 11.5 – –

Library clerks ........................................................ 5.5 – 6.3

Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... 8.6 10.2 –

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... 3.0 2.9 –

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ............................. 6.5 5.4 –

Billing clerks .......................................................... 4.4 4.4 –

Telephone operators ............................................ 2.3 2.3 –

Mail clerks except postal service .......................... 3.8 3.8 –

Dispatchers ........................................................... 13.3 15.3 –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... 6.9 6.9 –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and

investigators ................................................... 3.2 3.2 –

Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...... 8.9 9.6 –

Bill and account collectors .................................... 4.7 4.7 –

General office clerks ............................................. 4.6 3.8 9.1

Data entry keyers ................................................. 6.7 7.1 –

Teachers’ aides .................................................... 12.1 – 12.1

Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... 4.4 4.4 13.0

Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... 2.0 2.2 4.0

Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... 2.1 2.3 5.1

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ................. 9.6 – –

Automobile mechanics ......................................... 5.2 – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics ....... 6.2 – –

Industrial machinery repairers .............................. 5.3 5.4 –

Machinery maintenance occupations ................... 11.6 – –

Millwrights ............................................................. 3.7 3.7 –

Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... 5.9 4.9 –

Supervisors, construction trades, N.E.C. .............. 15.6 – –

Electricians ........................................................... 5.1 4.9 –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters .................. 9.3 10.3 –

Supervisors, production occupations .................... 6.8 6.8 –

Tool and die makers ............................................. 6.0 6.0 –

Machinists ............................................................. 4.6 4.6 –

Miscellaneous precision workers, N.E.C. ............. 4.3 4.3 –

Inspectors, testers, and graders ........................... 9.4 11.2 –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. 3.1 3.0 –

Punching and stamping press operators .............. 15.9 15.9 –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing

machine operators .......................................... 6.8 6.8 –

Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ 10.8 10.8 –

See footnotes at end of table.

A-7
Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected

occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all

workers2, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 — Continued

(in percent)

Occupation3 All industries

Private

industry

State and

local

government

Blue-collar occupations (-Continued)

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 

(-Continued)

Molding and casting machine operators ............... 6.0 6.0 –

Printing press operators ....................................... 7.6 7.6 –

Textile sewing machine operators ........................ 2.3 2.3 –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators 4.7 4.7 –

Packaging and filling machine operators .............. 10.5 10.5 –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators ... 8.8 8.8 –

Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... 5.8 5.8 –

Welders and cutters .............................................. 10.2 10.2 –

Assemblers ........................................................... 5.4 5.4 –

Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. 11.3 11.3 –

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. 6.9 6.9 –

Production testers ................................................. 13.4 13.4 –

Transportation and material moving occupations ............. 4.4 5.2 7.2

Truck drivers ......................................................... 6.2 6.7 –

Bus drivers ............................................................ 2.3 – 2.3

Crane and tower operators ................................... 5.9 5.9 –

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. 5.6 5.6 –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... 3.6 3.7 5.4

Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm ....... 8.9 9.6 –

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, N.E.C. .............................................. 17.3 17.3 –

Stock handlers and baggers ................................. 5.8 6.0 –

Machine feeders and offbearers ........................... 7.0 7.0 –

Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ....... 6.1 6.1 –

Hand packers and packagers ............................... 8.1 8.1 –

Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... 10.9 12.8 –

Service occupations ........................................................... 4.4 2.5 5.2

Protective service occupations ................................. 7.4 11.6 4.9

Firefighting occupations ........................................ 5.5 – 5.5

Police and detectives, public service .................... 3.5 – 2.8

Guards and police except public service .............. 12.1 12.8 –

Food service occupations ......................................... 4.3 4.4 4.5

Supervisors, food preparation and service

occupations .................................................... 6.6 7.4 –

Bartenders ............................................................ 33.5 33.5 –

Waiters and waitresses ........................................ 13.5 13.5 –

Cooks ................................................................... 6.2 6.0 –

Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................ 3.9 3.9 –

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................ 16.2 16.2 –

Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. 6.1 3.3 5.4

See footnotes at end of table.

A-8
Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected

occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all

workers2, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 — Continued

(in percent)

Occupation3 All industries

Private

industry

State and

local

government

Service occupations (-Continued)

Health service occupations ....................................... 2.4 2.3 6.5

Health aides, except nursing ................................ 5.2 5.5 3.0

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... 2.8 2.8 –

Cleaning and building service occupations .............. 4.8 4.9 6.9

Supervisors, cleaning and building service

workers ........................................................... 12.7 – –

Maids and housemen ........................................... 4.1 4.1 –

Janitors and cleaners ........................................... 5.5 5.9 7.0

Personal service occupations ................................... 16.3 7.0 13.2

Early childhood teachers’ assistants .................... 9.1 7.7 –

Service occupations, N.E.C. ................................. 17.4 8.5 –

1 The relative standard error is the standard error

expressed as a percent of the estimate. Hourly

earnings for these occupations are presented in Tables

A-1 and A-2. Reliable relative standard errors could

not be determined for all occupations. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time

workers. Employees are classified as working either a

full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition

used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with

a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a

full-time employee in one establishment, but classified

as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is

the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480

individual occupations is used to cover all workers in

the civilian economy. Individual occupations are

classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or

that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall

occupational groups and occupational levels may

include data for categories not shown separately. 

N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS

WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 

NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were

collected in this update survey. A procedure was put

into place to "move" the positional statistics where

averages were collected. This procedure compares

current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the

same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates

from the prior survey are moved by the average

change in mean wages for the occupation.

A-9
Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers,

full-time and part-time workers, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999

Occupation1 All

workers

Full-time

workers

Part-time

workers

All occupations ................................................................................. 5 6 3

All occupations excluding sales ...................................................... 5 6 3

White-collar occupations ............................................................. 7 7 5

White-collar occupations excluding sales ................................... 7 7 5

Professional specialty and technical occupations ...................... 8 8 7

Professional specialty occupations ......................................... 8 9 8

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ................................. 10 10 –

Electrical and electronic engineers ................................. 10 10 –

Industrial engineers ........................................................ 9 9 –

Mechanical engineers ..................................................... 10 10 –

Engineers, N.E.C. ........................................................... 9 9 –

Mathematical and computer scientists ............................... 10 10 –

Computer systems analysts and scientists ..................... 10 10 –

Natural scientists ................................................................ 10 10 –

Health related occupations ................................................. 8 8 9

Physicians ...................................................................... 13 13 –

Registered nurses .......................................................... 8 8 8

Respiratory therapists ..................................................... 7 7 –

Physical therapists .......................................................... 10 – –

Teachers, college and university ........................................ 11 11 –

Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. ................................... 10 10 –

Teachers, except college and university ............................ 8 8 7

Prekindergarten and kindergarten .................................. 7 7 –

Elementary school teachers ........................................... 8 8 –

Secondary school teachers ............................................ 8 8 –

Teachers, special education ........................................... 9 – –

Teachers, N.E.C. ............................................................ 8 8 7

Vocational and educational counselors .......................... 6 – –

Librarians, archivists, and curators ..................................... 9 9 8

Librarians ........................................................................ 9 9 8

Social scientists and urban planners .................................. 9 9 –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ............................ 7 7 –

Social workers ................................................................ 7 7 –

Lawyers and judges ............................................................ 10 – –

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals,

N.E.C. ........................................................................... 7 7 –

Designers ....................................................................... 7 7 –

Professional occupations, N.E.C. ................................... 7 7 –

Technical occupations ............................................................ 6 6 6

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians ........... 7 – 6

Radiological technicians ................................................. 7 – –

Licensed practical nurses ............................................... 6 6 6

Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ................. 6 6 6

Electrical and electronic technicians ............................... 7 7 –

Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ..................................... 6 6 –

Drafters ........................................................................... 5 5 –

Computer programmers ................................................. 7 7 –

Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. .................... 7 7 7

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ............. 9 9 7

Executives, administrators, and managers ......................... 10 10 –

Administrators and officials, public administration .......... 9 9 –

Financial managers ........................................................ 11 11 –

Managers, marketing, advertising and public relations .. 11 11 –

Administrators, education and related fields ................... 11 11 –

Managers, medicine and health ..................................... 10 10 –

Managers, service organizations, N.E.C. ....................... 10 10 –

Managers and administrators, N.E.C. ............................ 10 10 –

Management related occupations ...................................... 7 7 7

Accountants and auditors ............................................... 7 7 –

Other financial officers .................................................... 8 8 –

Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ........ 7 7 –

Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. .......................... 8 8 –

Management related occupations, N.E.C. ...................... 7 7 –

Sales occupations ...................................................................... 4 6 2

Supervisors, sales occupations ...................................... 7 7 –

Advertising and related sales occupations ..................... 6 6 –

Sales occupations, other business services ................... 6 6 –

See footnotes at end of table.

A-10
Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers,

full-time and part-time workers, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 —

Continued

Occupation1 All

workers

Full-time

workers

Part-time

workers

White-collar occupations (-Continued)

Sales occupations (-Continued)

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and

wholesale .................................................................. 7 7 –

Sales workers, other commodities .................................. 4 – 3

Cashiers ......................................................................... 2 3 2

Administrative support occupations, including clerical ............... 4 4 3

Supervisors, general office ............................................. 6 6 –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting

clerks ........................................................................ 6 6 –

Secretaries ..................................................................... 5 5 4

Interviewers .................................................................... 3 – –

Receptionists .................................................................. 3 3 3

Information clerks, N.E.C. ............................................... 4 4 –

Order clerks .................................................................... 4 4 –

Personnel clerks except payroll and timekeeping .......... 5 – –

Library clerks .................................................................. 2 4 2

Records clerks, N.E.C. ................................................... 3 3 –

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ................ 4 4 –

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ....................................... 4 4 –

Billing clerks .................................................................... 4 5 –

Telephone operators ...................................................... 2 – –

Mail clerks except postal service .................................... 2 2 –

Dispatchers ..................................................................... 3 4 –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ............................. 4 4 –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators ........ 5 5 –

Investigators and adjusters except insurance ................ 4 4 –

Bill and account collectors .............................................. 4 4 –

General office clerks ....................................................... 4 4 –

Data entry keyers ........................................................... 3 3 2

Teachers’ aides .............................................................. 2 – 2

Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ................... 4 4 4

Blue-collar occupations ............................................................... 4 4 2

Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .................... 6 6 –

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ........................... 8 8 –

Automobile mechanics ................................................... 7 7 –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics ................. 6 6 –

Industrial machinery repairers ........................................ 6 6 –

Machinery maintenance occupations ............................. 4 4 –

Millwrights ....................................................................... 7 7 –

Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .................................... 6 6 –

Supervisors, construction trades, N.E.C. ........................ 7 7 –

Electricians ..................................................................... 7 7 –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ............................ 7 7 –

Supervisors, production occupations .............................. 7 7 –

Tool and die makers ....................................................... 7 7 –

Machinists ....................................................................... 6 6 –

Miscellaneous precision workers, N.E.C. ....................... 6 6 –

Inspectors, testers, and graders ..................................... 6 6 –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........................ 4 4 2

Punching and stamping press operators ........................ 3 3 –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine

operators .................................................................. 4 4 –

Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. .......................... 4 4 –

Molding and casting machine operators ......................... 3 3 –

Printing press operators ................................................. 6 6 –

Textile sewing machine operators .................................. 3 2 –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators ........... 2 2 –

Packaging and filling machine operators ........................ 3 3 –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators ............. 3 3 –

Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ..................... 4 4 –

Welders and cutters ........................................................ 5 5 –

Assemblers ..................................................................... 3 3 –

Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. .......... 5 5 –

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ............ 4 4 –

Production testers ........................................................... 4 4 –

Transportation and material moving occupations ....................... 4 4 3

See footnotes at end of table.

A-11
Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers,

full-time and part-time workers, Cleveland-Akron, OH, February 1999 —

Continued

Occupation1 All

workers

Full-time

workers

Part-time

workers

Blue-collar occupations (-Continued)

Transportation and material moving occupations (-Continued)

Truck drivers ................................................................... 4 4 –

Bus drivers ...................................................................... 3 2 3

Crane and tower operators ............................................. 5 5 –

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ............ 3 3 –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ................ 2 2 2

Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm ................. 2 3 –

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, N.E.C. ........................................................ 6 6 –

Stock handlers and baggers ........................................... 2 2 1

Machine feeders and offbearers ..................................... 2 2 –

Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ................. 2 2 –

Hand packers and packagers ......................................... 2 2 –

Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ............................. 2 2 –

Service occupations ..................................................................... 3 4 2

Protective service occupations ........................................... 5 6 3

Firefighting occupations .................................................. 7 7 –

Police and detectives, public service .............................. 7 7 –

Guards and police except public service ........................ 3 4 3

Food service occupations ................................................... 2 3 2

Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations 5 5 –

Bartenders ...................................................................... 2 – –

Waiters and waitresses .................................................. 2 2 2

Cooks ............................................................................. 3 4 3

Kitchen workers, food preparation .................................. 2 – 1

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ...................................... 2 – 2

Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ........................... 2 2 2

Health service occupations ................................................. 3 3 3

Health aides, except nursing .......................................... 4 4 3

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ......................... 3 3 3

Cleaning and building service occupations ........................ 2 2 2

Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers ....... 5 5 –

Maids and housemen ..................................................... 2 2 –

Janitors and cleaners ..................................................... 2 2 2

Personal service occupations ............................................. 4 5 2

Early childhood teachers’ assistants .............................. 2 – –

Service occupations, N.E.C. ........................................... 3 5 2

1 A classification system including about 480

individual occupations is used to cover all workers in

the civilian economy. Individual occupations are

classified into one of nine major occupational groups.

The occupations titled authors, musicians, actors,

painters, photographers, dancers, artists, athletes, and

legislators cannot be assigned a work level.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or

that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall

occupational groups and occupational levels may

include data for categories not shown separately. 

N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." 

NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were

collected in this update survey. A procedure was put

into place to "move" the positional statistics where

averages were collected. This procedure compares

current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the

same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates

from the prior survey are moved by the average

change in mean wages for the occupation.

A-12