I U C L I D

 D a t a s e t

Existing Chemical Substance ID: 8023–79–8

CAS No. 8023–79–8

EINECS Name Oils, palm kernel

EINECS No. 232–425–4

Structural Formula N.A.

Molecular Formula N.A.

Dataset created by: EUROPEAN COMMISSION – European Chemicals Bureau

This dossier is a compilation based on data reported by the European

Chemicals Industry following ’Council Regulation (EEC) No. 793/93

on the Evaluation and Control of the Risks of Existing Substances’.

All (non–confidential) information from the single datasets, submitted

in the IUCLID/HEDSET format by individual companies, was integrated

to create this document.

The data have not undergone any evaluation by the European Commission.

Creation date: 19–FEB–2000

Number of Pages: 22

Chapters: all

Edition: Year 2000 CD–ROM edition

Flags: non–confidential

 (C) 2000 EUROPEAN COMMISSION

 European Chemicals Bureau
 date: 19–FEB–2000

1. General Information Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

1.0.1 OECD and Company Information

Name: Fina Chemicals

Street: rue de l’Industrie 52

Town: 10400 Brussels

Country: Belgium

Phone: 0032–2–288.91.11

Telefax: 0032–2–288.33.88

Name: Henkel KGaA

Street: Henkelstr. 67

Town: 40589 Duesseldorf

Country: Germany

Name: LEVER BROTHERS LTD

Street: LEVER HOUSE, 3 St JAMES ROAD

Town: KT1 2BA KINGSTON UPON THAMES

Country: United Kingdom

Phone: 0044 51 641 4505

Telefax: 0044 51 641 4308

Name: Lever GmbH

Street: P.O. Box 104180

Town: 20028 Hamburg

Country: Germany

Name: Lusol/Companhia Lusitana de Oleos

Street: RUA DO INDUSTRIAL ALFREDO DA SILVA–QUIMIPARQUE

Town: 2830 BARREIRO

Country: Portugal

Phone: 351–1–2068300

Telefax: 351–1–2068367

Name: Procter & Gamble France (Amiens)

Street: Rue Andre Durouchez, ZONE INDUSTRIELLE, BP 1336

Town: 80013 Amiens Cedex

Country: France

Name: RWE–DEA Aktiengesellschaft für Mineraloel und Chemie

Street: Ueberseering 40

Town: 22297 Hamburg

Country: Germany

Phone: 040–6375–0

Telefax: 040–6375–3496

Telex: 21151320

 – 1/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

1. General Information Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

Name: Unichema Chemicals Ltd.

Street: Bebington, Wirral

Town: L62 4UF Merseyside

Country: United Kingdom

Name: Unichema Chemie B.V.

Street: PO Box 2

Town: 2800 AA Gouda

Country: Netherlands

Name: Unichema Chemie GmbH

Street: Steintor 9

Town: D–46446 Emmerich

Country: Germany

Phone: +49–2822–720

Telefax: +49–2822–72276

1.0.2 Location of Production Site

–

1.0.3 Identity of Recipients

–

1.1 General Substance Information

Substance type: natural substance

Physical status: liquid

Substance type: natural substance

Physical status: solid

Substance type: organic

Physical status: liquid

Substance type: organic

Physical status: solid

1.1.1 Spectra

–

1.2 Synonyms

Elaeis guineensis (INCI)

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

Elaeis guineensis, Fats and glyceridic, palm kernel; oils, palm kernel, Palm nut

oil, Palm seed oil

Source: RWE–DEA Aktiengesellschaft für Mineraloel und Chemie Hamburg

 – 2/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

1. General Information Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

Fats and glyceridic oils, palm kernel

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (1)

Oel, Palmkern

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

Oils, glyceridic, palm kernel (DSL)

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (1)

Oils, palm kernel

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

Oils, palm kernel (EINECS)

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (1)

Palm kernel oil

Source: Unichema Chemie B.V. Gouda

 Unichema Chemicals Ltd. Merseyside

 LEVER BROTHERS LTD KINGSTON UPON THAMES

 Unichema Chemie GmbH Emmerich

 Lever GmbH Hamburg

Palm nut oil

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (2)

Palm seed oil

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (1)

Triglycerides of C8–C18 and C18 unsatd. fatty acids

Source: Unichema Chemie B.V. Gouda

 Unichema Chemicals Ltd. Merseyside

 LEVER BROTHERS LTD KINGSTON UPON THAMES

 Unichema Chemie GmbH Emmerich

 Lever GmbH Hamburg

Remark: see Lead Hedset

Source: Procter & Gamble France (Amiens) Amiens Cedex

1.3 Impurities

–

1.4 Additives

–

1.5 Quantity

Quantity 100 000 – 500 000 tonnes

 – 3/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

1. General Information Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

1.6.1 Labelling

–

1.6.2 Classification

–

1.7 Use Pattern

Type: type

Category: Non dispersive use

Type: type

Category: Use in closed system

Type: type

Category: Wide dispersive use

Type: industrial

Category: Basic industry: basic chemicals

Type: industrial

Category: Chemical industry: used in synthesis

Type: industrial

Category: Personal and domestic use

Type: use

Category: Cleaning/washing agents and disinfectants

Type: use

Category: Food/foodstuff additives

Type: use

Category: Intermediates

Type: use

Category: other: production of fatty acids

1.7.1 Technology Production/Use

–

1.8 Occupational Exposure Limit Values

Type of limit:

 Limit value:

Remark: Not a dangerous substance. Heated vapours, however, should

 be avoided as much as possible, but are not toxic.

Source: Unichema Chemie B.V. Gouda

 Unichema Chemicals Ltd. Merseyside

 Unichema Chemie GmbH Emmerich

 – 4/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

1. General Information Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

Type of limit:

 Limit value:

Remark: Standard industrial hygiene to be observed

 No limit established

Source: Procter & Gamble France (Amiens) Amiens Cedex

Type of limit:

 Limit value:

Remark: no dangerous substance / alimentar use

Source: Lusol/Companhia Lusitana de Oleos BARREIRO

Type of limit:

 Limit value:

Remark: Not a dangerous substance. Heated vapours, however, should

 be avoided as much as possible, but are not toxic.

Source: LEVER BROTHERS LTD KINGSTON UPON THAMES

Type of limit:

 Limit value:

Remark: Not a dangerous substance. Heated vapours, however, should

 be avoided as much as possible, but are not toxic.

Source: Lever GmbH Hamburg

1.9 Source of Exposure

Remark: Palm kernel oil is shipped in large quantities to Belgium

 mainly from South–East Asia.

 Palm kernel oil is converted into fatty acids and glycerine

 by splitting at rather high temperatures (>150 xC) and

 pressures (>30 kg/cm3) through a continuous process. Palm

 kernel oil is also converted into methylesters through

 transesterification with methanol; the methylesters are

 thenhydrogenated in a continuous process to fatty alcohols.

 Boththese reactions (splitting and fatty alcohols) are made

 in only one site in Belgium.

Source: Fina Chemicals Brussels

1.10.1 Recommendations/Precautionary Measures

–

1.10.2 Emergency Measures

–

1.11 Packaging

–

1.12 Possib. of Rendering Subst. Harmless

–

 – 5/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

1. General Information Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

1.13 Statements Concerning Waste

–

1.14.1 Water Pollution

Classified by: KBwS (DE)

Labelled by: KBwS (DE)

Class of danger: 0 (generally not water polluting)

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

Test substance: Triglycerides (untreated or hydrated, fatty acid residue

 saturated or unsatureated, even–numbered, unbranched C–chain

 >= C8)

 (3)

Classified by: KBwS (DE)

Labelled by: KBwS (DE)

Class of danger: 0 (generally not water polluting)

Source: RWE–DEA Aktiengesellschaft für Mineraloel und Chemie Hamburg

1.14.2 Major Accident Hazards

–

1.14.3 Air Pollution

–

1.15 Additional Remarks

Remark: The TS can be fractionated into a methanol soluble fraction

 (MSF) and a methanol insoluble fraction (MIF). HPLC–analysis

 revealed that the MSF mainly contained tocopherols and

 tocotrienols, while the MIF contained the triglycerides.

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

Test substance: Palm kernel oil, crude

 (4)

1.16 Last Literature Search

–

1.17 Reviews

–

1.18 Listings e.g. Chemical Inventories

–

 – 6/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

2. Physico–chemical Data Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

2.1 Melting Point

Value: 23 – 30 degree C

Remark: Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 handbook data

 Solidification point: 20 – 24 degr. C.

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

Test substance: Palm kernel oil, crude

 (5)

Value: ca. 25.5 – 30 degree C

Remark: Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 handbook data

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (6) (2)

Value: = 27.3 degree C

Method: other: slip melting point acc. to AOCS method Cc 3–25

 GLP: no data

Remark: Reliability 2 (valid with restrictions)

 acceptable method; no details specified

 Tempering temperature 10 degr. C.;

 range for melting point: 25.9 – 28.0 degr. C.

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (7)

Value: = 27.6 degree C

Method: other: slip melting point acc. to AOCS method Cc 3–25

 GLP: no data

Remark: Method: temperature, at which fat in a capillary tube placed

 in water becomes soft enough to slip or rise up the tube.

 Also called open tube MP, rising point or softening point.

 Wiley melting point acc. to AOCS Cc 2–28: 32.1 degr. C.

 Reliability 2 (valid with restrictions)

 acceptable publication; essential data are given

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

Test substance: Palm kernel oil; refined, bleached and deodorized

 (8)

Value: 29 degree C

Remark: Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 handbook data

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (9)

Value:

Source: Lusol/Companhia Lusitana de Oleos BARREIRO

2.2 Boiling Point

–

 – 7/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

2. Physico–chemical Data Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

2.3 Density

Type: density

Value: .925 – .935 g/cm3 at 15 degree C

Remark: Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 handbook data

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (10)

Type: relative density

Value: .919 at 20 degree C

Remark: Reliability 2 (valid with restrictions)

 acceptable publication

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (11)

Type: density

Value: ca. .9195 g/cm3 at 20 degree C

Remark: Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 handbook data

 Unit: kg/l.

 Further values: 0.9125 at 30 degr. C.; 0.9054 at 40 degr. C.

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (12)

Type: relative density

Value: .898 – .912 at 40 degree C

Remark: Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 handbook data

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

Test substance: Palm kernel oil, crude

 (5)

Type: density

Value: 891 kg/m3 at 50 degree C

Remark: Further values (kg/m3 at degr. C.):

 874 at 75; 857 at 100; 789 at 200.

 The densities of the triglycerides are approximately 10%

 greater in the solid state than in the liquid state.

 Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 no method specified

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (8)

Type: relative density

Value: .9

Remark: Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 handbook data

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (6)

 – 8/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

2. Physico–chemical Data Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

Type: relative density

Value: .95

Remark: Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 handbook data

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (2)

2.3.1 Granulometry

–

2.4 Vapour Pressure

–

2.5 Partition Coefficient

–

2.6.1 Water Solubility

Qualitative: not soluble

Remark: Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 handbook data

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (6)

2.6.2 Surface Tension

–

2.7 Flash Point

Value: 203 degree C

Type: closed cup

Method:

 Year:

Remark: Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 handbook data

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (6) (2)

2.8 Auto Flammability

–

2.9 Flammability

–

2.10 Explosive Properties

–

 – 9/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

2. Physico–chemical Data Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

2.11 Oxidizing Properties

–

2.12 Additional Remarks

Remark: Characteristics of palm kernel oil:

 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

 refractive index at ca. 38 degr. C.: 1.4530 (Abbe

 refractometer)

 kinematic viscosity: 30.92 cSt (at 37.8 degr. C.; extra–

 polated value, determined with modified Ostwald pipets)

 Reliability 2 (valid with restrictions)

 acceptable publication

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (11)

Remark: Characteristics of palm kernel oil:

 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

 refractive index (40 degr. C.): 1.4509 (range 1.4500–1.4518;

 AOCS method Cc 7–25);

 iodine value: 16.2 – 19.2

 saponification value: 243 – 249

 unsaponifiable matter: 0.1 – 0.8

 Reliability 2 (valid with restrictions)

 acceptable publication

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (7)

Remark: Characteristics of palm kernel oil:

 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

 refractive index (40 degr. C.): 1.449 – 1.452

 iodine value: 14 – 24

 saponification value: 245 – 255

 Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 handbook data

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

Test substance: Palm kernel oil, crude

 (5)

Remark: Characteristics of palm kernel oil:

 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

 refractive index (40 degr. C.): 1.449 – 1.452

 iodine value: 14 – 23

 saponification value: 242 – 255

 unsaponifiable matter: 1.0%

 Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 handbook data

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (12)

Remark: Characteristics of palm kernel oil:

 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

 refractive index (40 degr. C.): 1.4509 (range 1.4500–1.4518;

 AOCS method Cc 7–25);

 iodine value: 16.2 – 19.2

 saponification value: 243 – 249

 – 10/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

2. Physico–chemical Data Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

 unsaponifiable matte r: 0.1 – 0.8

 Viscosity of palm kernel oil: 43, 29 and 20 mPa*s at 30, 40

 and 50 degr. C., respectively.

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (10)

 – 11/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

3. Environmental Fate and Pathways Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

3.1.1 Photodegradation

–

3.1.2 Stability in Water

–

3.1.3 Stability in Soil

–

3.2 Monitoring Data (Environment)

–

3.3.1 Transport between Environmental Compartments

–

3.3.2 Distribution

–

3.4 Mode of Degradation in Actual Use

Remark: Fatty acids can be liberated from the glycerides of fats due

 to enzymatic activity during processing of the raw mate–

 rials. Considerable amounts of fatty acids (>5%) can be

 found. Hydrolysis can be catalyzed enzymatically, by

 moisture, acids, bases and heat.

 If extremely overheated, traces of glycerol in fats can

 decompose to form acrolein which is a toxic and lachrymatory

 substance. Polymeric substances developed by heating unsa–

 turated fatty acids are toxic to animals when included in

 their diets at significant levels. These effects normally

 are observed only in fats that have been abused oxidatively

 or thermally to a degree which would make them unpalatable

 to man.

 Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 handbook data

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (9)

3.5 Biodegradation

–

3.6 BOD5, COD or BOD5/COD Ratio

–

3.7 Bioaccumulation

–

 – 12/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

3. Environmental Fate and Pathways Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

3.8 Additional Remarks

Remark: Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 handbook data

 Unsaturated fatty acids contained in palm kernel oil can be

 subject to autoxidation which incvolves the formation of a

 hydroperoxide group adjacent to double bond. This step

 proceeds via a free–radical mechanism. The formation of free

 radicals can be triggered by light. Singlet oxygen, formed

 under the influence of short–wave radiation and a sensitizer

 probably plays a key role in this reaction. The intermediate

 hydroperoxides decompose into a number of different products

 including epoxides, alcohols, diols, keto compounds, dicarb–

 oxylic acids and isomerization and polymerization products.

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (10)

 – 13/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

4. Ecotoxicity Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

AQUATIC ORGANISMS

4.1 Acute/Prolonged Toxicity to Fish

–

4.2 Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates

–

4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants e.g. Algae

–

4.4 Toxicity to Microorganisms e.g. Bacteria

–

4.5 Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms

4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish

–

4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates

–

TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS

4.6.1 Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Organisms

–

4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants

–

 – 14/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

4. Ecotoxicity Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

4.6.3 Toxicity to other Non–Mamm. Terrestrial Species

Species: other avian: Japanese quail

Endpoint: weight

Expos. period: 3 month

Unit:

Method: other: see test condition

 Year: GLP: no data

Test substance: no data

Remark: Reliability 2 (valid with restrictions)

 acceptable publication

 Results:

 body weight was only slightly increased. Liver weight and

 total lipid content of the liver were significantly higher

 than in the control group.

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

Test condition: 8 animals/group; treatment by feeding a basal diet supple–

 mented with 15% palm kernel oil and 2% cholesterol ad libi–

 tum; controls were fed the basal diet (fat content 3.8%)

 only.

 (13)

4.7 Biological Effects Monitoring

–

4.8 Biotransformation and Kinetics

Type: other: fungal

Remark: Reliability 2 (valid with restrictions)

 acceptable publications; essential data are given

Result: Examination of free fatty acids from palm kernel oil

 degraded by fungi showed a significant decrease in the level

 of lauric acid and a general change in the pattern of free

 fatty acids. Lauric acid seems to be preferredly utilized by

 these fungi (Dart et al., 1987).

 Fatty acid composition (ca. %) of palm kernel oil (1) or

 palm kernel oil damaged by fungi (2) (mean values of 14–16

 samples):

 fatty acid: C8 C10 C12 C14 C16 C18 C18:1 C18:2

 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

 (1): 4.1 4.2 49.3 16.5 8.82 2.4 11.2 1.1

 (2): 2.7 2.5 42.0 18.1 10.5 3.6 18.1 2.5

 (Dart et al., 1985).

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (14) (15)

4.9 Additional Remarks

–

 – 15/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

5. Toxicity Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

5.1 Acute Toxicity

5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity

Type: LD50

Species: rat

Sex:

Number of

 Animals:

Vehicle:

Value: > 5000 mg/kg bw

Method: other: see remark

 Year: GLP: no data

Test substance: no data

Remark: 10 rats; observation period 7 days; one dose only.

 The TS was judged to be nontoxic by ingestion.

 Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 review article

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

Test condition: Limit test

 (16)

Type: LD50

Species: rat

Sex:

Number of

 Animals:

Vehicle:

Value: > 23500 mg/kg bw

Method: other: see remark

 Year: 1964 GLP: no data

Test substance: other TS

Remark: 10 animals used; no further data.

 original result: LD50 > 26 ml/kg body weight.

 No deaths (0/10) were recorded.

 Reliability 3 (not valid)

 information not sufficient for an assessment

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

Test substance: Coconut oil, commercial product, undiluted

 (17)

5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Toxicity

–

5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity

–

5.1.4 Acute Toxicity, other Routes

–

 – 16/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

5. Toxicity Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

5.2 Corrosiveness and Irritation

5.2.1 Skin Irritation

Species: rabbit

Concentration:

Exposure:

Exposure Time:

Number of

 Animals:

PDII:

Result: slightly irritating

EC classificat.:

Method: other: see remark

 Year: GLP: no data

Test substance: no data

Remark: Reliability 2 (valid with restrictions)

 only essential data are given; no detailed description of

 the method and the effects observed

 Test condition:

 0.5 ml of the TS were applied to the clipped dorsum for 4 h

 under semi–occlusive conditions. Scoring of the effects was

 done after 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours.

 Result:

 The TS showed mainly slight effects with 2–3 sites showing a

 slight to moderate response 24 and 72 hours after treatment.

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (18)

5.2.2 Eye Irritation

–

5.3 Sensitization

–

5.4 Repeated Dose Toxicity

–

5.5 Genetic Toxicity ’in Vitro’

–

5.6 Genetic Toxicity ’in Vivo’

–

5.7 Carcinogenicity

–

5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction

–

 – 17/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

5. Toxicity Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

5.9 Developmental Toxicity/Teratogenicity

–

5.10 Other Relevant Information

Type: adsorption

Remark: Adult male Wistar rats (>= 4/group) were subjected to can–

 nulation of the thoracic lymphatic duct and then received

 1.5 ml of an emulsion containing 170 mg of palm kernel oil

 in addition to basic ingredients (albumin, taurocholate and

 cholesterol) via a duodenal catheter. The control animals

 received the basic constituents only.

 In the treated animals, 197 mg of fatty acids were found in

 the lymph collected from the thoracic duct within a period

 of 24 hours p.a. (lymph volume: 174 ml), which was a net

 increase of 105 mg over control values (92 mg in 135 ml).

 The absorption was comparable to that of corn oil. The

 composition of the fatty acids was altered significantly,

 reflecting the composition of the dietary fat.

 Reliability 2 (valid with restrictions)

 acceptable publication

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (19)

Type: adsorption

Remark: Reliability 2 (valid with restrictions)

 acceptable publication

 The digestibility of palm kernel oil in 6 male calves (age 6

 weeks) was found to be 97.1% when a diet diet containing 5%

 of the TS as fat source (8.5% total fat) was fed to the

 animals for 8 days. The retention of nitrogen in the test

 animals was enhanced in comparison to the control.

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (20)

Type: other: effects on lipid metabolism in chickens

Remark: Reliability 4 (not assignable)

 abstract only

 When fed as 2% supplement to a corn–based diet to 1–day–old

 chickens for 2 weeks, significant decreases of hydroxy–

 methyl–glutaryl–CoA, cholesterol–7a–hydroxylase and fatty

 acid synthetase were measured as compared to a control.

 Serum cholesterol and LDL–cholesterol were also decreased. A

 crude sample and a refined fraction of the TS had similar

 effects in suppressing cholesterolgenesis.

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

Test substance: Palm kernel oil, a crude and a refined sample

 (21)

 – 18/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

5. Toxicity Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

5.11 Experience with Human Exposure

Remark: In digestion experiments (test period 3 days; analysis of

 combined faeces acc. to standardized methods of the Assoc.

 of Official Agricultural Chemists), the digestibility of

 palm kernel oil was found to be 97.9% (4 tests, value

 corrected for metabolic products and fat content of the

 basal ration).

 Reliability 2 (valid with restrictions)

 acceptable publication

Source: Henkel KGaA Duesseldorf

 (22)

 – 19/22 –
 date: 19–FEB–2000

6. References Substance ID: 8023–79–8

______________________________________________________________________________

 (1) CHEMLIST (1995):

 Palm kernel oil; CHEMLIST, data base search, 05.04.1995, 1

 p.

 (2) Sax, N.I. (Ed.) (1979):

 Palm kernel oil; in: Dangerous Properties of Industrial

 Materials, 5th Ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 884

 (3) Katalog wassergefaehrdender Stoffe, Datenblatt Nr. 760

 (4) Dewitt, G.F. et al. (1988):

 Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. J. 2, Abstr. 7227

 (5) Baltes, J. (Ed.) (1975):

 Palm kernel oil; in: Gewinnung und Verarbeitung von

 Nahrungsfetten, Verlag Paul Parey, pp. 14–23, 70–75, 79–87

 (6) NFPA (1978):

 Palm kernel oil; National Fire Protection Association: Fire

 Protection Guide on Hazardous Materials, 7th Ed., 325M–154

 (7) Siew, W.L.; Berger, K.G. (1981):

 Malaysian palm kernel oil chemical and physical

 characteristics.

 Porim Technol. Palm Oil Research Institute Malaysia, No. 6,

 8 pp.

 (8) Timms, S.R.E. (1985):

 J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc. 62, 241–248

 (9) Applewhite, T.H. (1980):

 Fats and fatty oils; Kirk–Othmer (Eds.): Encyclopedia of

 Chemical Technology, 3rd Ed., Vol. 9, 795–831

 (10) Thomas, A. (1987):

 Fats and fatty oils; Gerhartz, W. (Ed.): Ullmann’s

 Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Ed., Vol. A 10,

 VCH Verlagsges. mbH, Weinheim, pp. 173–175, 183–191, 237–243

 (11) Rescoria, A.R.; Carnahan, F.L. (1936):

 Ind. Eng. Chem. 28, 1212–1213

 (12) Cocks, L.V.; Van Rede, C. (Eds.) (1966):

 Palm kernel oil; in: Laboratory Handbook for Oil and Fat

 Analysts, Academic Press Inc., London, pp. 14–24, 80–90,

 401–408

 (13) Toda, T.; Oku, H. (1995):

 Nutr. Res. 15, 99–113

 (14) Dart, R.K. et al. (1985):

 Fd Chem. 18, 113–120

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 date: 19–FEB–2000

6. References Substance ID: 8023–79–8

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 (15) Dart, R.K. et al. (1987):

 Fd Chem. 23, 139–142

 (16) CIR (1986):

 J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 5, 103–122

 (17) Procter & Gamble Co. (1995):

 Coconut oil; Procter & Gamble internal database, BTS# 354;

 written information of Procter & Gamble, Dr. C. Lally,

 Strombeek–Bever, 04.05.1995, 3 pp.

 (18) Unilever (1982):

 Rabbit covered patched test. Test No. N902887, 28.01.1982

 Unilever Research Laboratory, Sharnbrook, Bedford, England,

 1 p.

 (19) Chen, I.S. et al. (1989):

 J. Nutr. 119, 1569–1573

 (20) Raven, A.M. (1969):

 Rec. Agr. Res. 17, 173–179

 (21) Basiron, Y.B. et al. (1988):

 Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. J. 2, Abstr. 7226

 (22) Langworthy, C.F. (1923):

 J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 15, 276–278

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 date: 19–FEB–2000

7. Risk Assessment Substance ID: 8023–79–8

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7.1 Risk Assessment

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