# Supplement to the Washington State Implementation Plan for the

Vancouver Portion of the Portland-Vancouver AQMA Ozone Maintenance Plan

Southwest Clean Air Agency 11815 NE 99 th 

# Street, Suite 1294 Vancouver, WA 98682-2454

November 2, 2006

For more informatio n

If you have questions or would like a copy of t he Plan, please contact Ro bert Elliott, Executive Director at (360)574-3058 or Laurie Hulse-Moyer, Air Quality Scientist a t (360)574-3058, ext. 32.

### Washington State Implementation Plan Section 4.3.1.OZ.1

Portland-Vancouver AQMA (Washington portion)

Table of Contents

Washington Section Washington Subsection Section Heading Page

A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s 4 Executive S u m m a r y 5 1

. 0 Background 8 1

. 1 • Portland-Vancouver AQMA 8 2.0 Ozone Trends and Compliance with Standards 11 3.0 Attainment Inventory (20 02) 14 4.0 4.1 Portland-Vancouver AQMA Ozone Maintenance Plans 17 4

. 2 • Vancouver Control Strategies 17 4

. 2

. 1 o Current Strategies 1 7 4

. 2

. 1

. 1 • Motor Vehicle Inspection Program 18

4

. 2

. 2 o Strategies with Propose d Rule Changes 19 4

. 2

. 2

. 1 • Requiremen t s for New Sources in a Maintenance Plan Area 19

4

. 2

. 3 o Additional Ozone Precur sor Emissio n s Reduction Programs 20

4

. 2

. 3

. 1 • Changes to Commute Trip Reduction Program 21

5

. 0 Maintenance D e m o n s t r a t i o n 2 3 5

. 1 • Ozone Mod e ling Study 23 5

. 2 • Growth Proj ections 23 5

. 3 • Forecast an d Maintenance Inventory (2015) 24 5

. 4 • Maintenance Demonstration (2015) Ozone Level Projections 30

6.0 Air Quality Monitoring 32 7

. 0 C o n t i n g e n c y P l a n 3 3 7

. 1 • Request to Remo ve 1-h our Contingency Plan Requiremen t s 33

7

. 2 • Portland-Vancouver AQMA 33 7

. 2

. 1 o Contingency Plan Based on Ambient Concentrations in Portla nd and Vancouver 33

8.0 8.0 Verification of Continued Attainment 35 Appendices a n d R e f e r e n c e s 3 6

T hese W a shin gton Sectio ns corresp ond w i t h Sections i n t he Portla nd Po rtion of the Po r t land-V anc ouv er AQMA. F o r examp l e, W a shin gton Secti o n 5.0 corresp o nds w i th Oreg o n Section 4. 50. 5 and i n cl udes the Mainte na n c e Demo nstration informati on

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### List of Tables Table No. Subject Page 1 8-hour Ozone, Maxi mum Values (19 98, 2003-2005) 12 2 8-hour Ozone, Fourth Highest Desig n Values (1 998, 2003-2005) 13 3 Portland and Vancouver 2002 Annual Emission s (tons/year) 14 4 Portland Area 2002 Attainment Inven t ories (lb/da y) 15 5 Vancouver Area 2002 Attainment Inventories (lb/day) 16 6 Portland-Vancouver Area Population Projections 24 7 Portland-Area 2015 Maintenance Demonstration, Typical Summer Day, (lb/day) 28

8 Vancouver-Area 2015 Maintenance Demonstration, Typical Summer Day, (lb/day), Clark County 29

9 2015 Maintenance Demonstration (o zone values) 30 10 Portland Area VOC and NO x 

### Emissions (tons/year) 42 11 Vancouver Area VOC a nd NO x 

### Emi ssions (to n s/year) 42

List of Figures Figure No. Subject

1 Portland-Vancouver Interstate AQMA (map) 9 2 Vancouver Maintenance Boundary (map) 10 3 Portland-Vancouver 8-Hour Ozone Values 12 4 Portland Area VOC and NO x 

### Emissions (lb/day), 2002 and 2 015 Growth Projection a nd Maintenance Demonstration 26

5 Vancouver Area VOC a nd NO x 

### Emi ssions ( l b/d a y), 2002 and 2015 Growth Projection a nd Maintenance Demonstration 27

6 Portland-Vancouver Ozone Maintenance Demonstration 31

Appendices No. Subject

1 AQMA Ozo ne Monitoring Network (Portland-Vancouver) 37 2 1992 to 200 5 Meteorological Fact o rs Conducive to Ozone Formation in the Portland-Vancouver Area (April 200 6) 41

3 E m i s s i o n I n v e n t o r y

• Annual Emissions I n ventory

• Typical Summer Da y Emission s Inventory

• Summary of Portland Area Emissions

• Summary of Vancouver Area Emissions 42

4 Modeling and Maintenance Demonstration - (Hist o rical and F u ture Ozone Simulations Using the MM5/SMOKE/ C MAQ System in the Portland-Vancouver Area (WSU, December 31, 2005)) 48

5 Economic Report to the Metro Coun cil, 2000-20 30 Regional Forecast fo r the Portland-Vancouver Met r opolitan Ar ea (Metro’s Data Resource Center, December 2 002 final dra ft) 49

6 Modeled Attainment Test 50 7 Vancouver Area Control Strategies

• SWCAA Re gulations

• Washington State Regulations 51

8 Other Emission Reductio n Programs Information 52 9 Vancouver Attainment Area Map a nd Description 53

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### Acknow led gement and Executive Summary

Acknow led gements Without the efforts of nu merous individuals in st ate and loca l governmen ts who are dedicated to healthy air, this mainten ance plan w ould not have been possible. Specia l appreciatio n goes to:

Principal Authors : Laurie Hulse-Moyer, SWCAA, Washingt on Sections, Marianne Fitzgerald and David Collier, DEQ Air Quality Planning, Oregon Section and Backgr ound, Ozone Modeling portions;

Principal Contributors to the Portland-Vancouver AQMA plans : Southwest Clean Air Agency Robert Elliott Executive Di rector Paul Mairose Chief Engineer Randy Peltier Operations Manager Wess Saffor d Air Quality Engineer Wade Strange Air Quality Engineer (for mer) Kathy Finkle Public Infor m ation Specialist Clint Lamoreaux Air Quality Engineer Jackie Brow n Air Quality Scientist

Washington State Department of Ecology Doug Schneider Air Quality Program, SIP Coordination Clint Bowman Air Quality Program, Met eorology Sally Otterson Air Qualit y Program, Emission Invent ories Cristiana Figueroa-Kaminsky Air Quality Program, Atmospheric Ch emistry (former)

Regional Transportation Council (Vancouver, Washington) Robert Hart, Project Manager Mark Harrington, Transportation Analyst

Oregon Dep a rtment of Environmenta l Quality Andy Ginsb u rg Division Administrator, Air Quality Dick Pedersen Division Administrator, Northwest Region David Collier Manager, Air Quality Planning Cory Ann W i nd Acting Manager, Northwest Region Air Quality Cheryll Hutchens Manager, Western Region Air Quality Gerry Preston Manager, Air Quality Technical Services Jeffrey Stocum Acting Manager, Air Quality Technica l Services Wes Risher Air Quality Technical Ser v ices Svetlana Lazarev Air Quality Technical Ser v ices Chris Swab Air Quality Technical Ser v ices Phil Allen Air Quality Technical Ser v ices Susan Drake Northwest Region Air Quality Karen White-Fallen Western Region Air Quality

Metro (Portl and, Oregon ) Mark Turpel Pam Peck Andy Cotug no

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### Executive Summary

The Portland-Vancouver Air Quality Maintenance Area (AQMA) currently meets the National Ambient Air Quality Stan dard (NAAQS) for ozone. This plan d e monstrates the PortlandVancouver AQMA will maintain co mpliance with the 8-hour ozone stan dard through 2015 and meets other EPA requirements.

The 8-hour standard for ozone is 0. 08 parts per million (pp m ). An ozone reading over this level is an excee dence. An exceedence is not a viol ation; Only a design value over the standard constitute s a violation. The design value for each monitor in the AQMA is calculate d using the 4th highest ozone value, averaged over three ye ars.

The Portland-Vancouver AQMA wa s designate d nonattain ment with the 1-hour ozone standar d on March 3, 1978 under the Clean Air Act Amend ments of 1977. The 19 90 Amendments to the Clean Air Act continued t he nonattain ment designation and classified the AQMA as marginal. EPA determin ed that the AQMA attained the 1-hour standar d as of November 15, 1993.

In 1996, the Southwest Clean Air Agency (SWCAA) and th e Oregon Department of Environmen tal Quality (DEQ) de vel oped ozone maintenance plans that included str a tegies to reduce ozon e precursors and ensure compliance with the 1-hour standar d for a ten year period. With EPA's approval of these plans, the AQMA was redesignated to attainment in 1997 and became a 1-hour ozone maintenance area. SWCAA requests that EPA remove the obligation to prepare a second 10-year one-hour ozone maintenance plan since the o ne-hour sta ndard has been revoked and accep t this 8-hour maintenance plan as re placement for the existing contingency plan addressing the 1-h our standar d.

In July 1997, the U. S. Environmenta l Protection Agency (EPA) revised the ozone st andard from a one-hour average of 0.12 ppm to an 8-hour average of 0.08 ppm. In 2005, EPA re voked the one-hour ozone standar d. The strat egies ident ified in the 19 96 plans ha ve been successful in reducing smog forming emissions an d no violatio ns of the ozone standar ds have occurred in the Portland-Vancouver area since 199 8. The last violation occu rred in 1998 when the one-hour ozone stand ard was temporarily revo ked so the o ne-hour ozo ne continge ncy plan was not triggered. DEQ and SW CAA determined that no further contr o ls were ne cessary because all emission re duction measures had n o t been fully impl emente d . The last violations o f t he 1-hour standard were in the Portland area at the Carus site. No violations of the 8

- hour stand ard have occurred.

Therefore, the Portland-Vancouver AQMA was designated a maintenance area for t he 1-hour ozone standard and curr ently is an attainment area for the 8-hour ozone standard. EPA's implementat ion requirements for the 8-hour ozon e standard r equire areas so designat ed to develop a plan that demonstrates co ntinued maintenance of the standard for a period of 10- years after designation of attainment and cont ains contingency measure s . EPA designated the Portland-Vancouver AQMA in attainment effective June 15, 2004. This plan demonstrates compliance with the 8-hour ozone st andard through 2015 an d fulfills req u irements established in Section 110 (a)(1) of the Clean Air Act. Both the Vancouver and the Portland areas a r e included in the ozone modeling and maintenance demonstration.

This is t he o z one maintenance plan f o r the Vancouver portion of the Portland-Vanco u ver AQMA prepared by the Southwest Clean Air Agency in Vancouver, Washington for adoption into the Washington State Implementation Plan (SIP).This 2006 maintenance pla n maintains the

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### existing stra tegies adopt ed for the Portland-Vancouver AQMA in the 199 6 Ozone plan to reduce and manage volatile org anic compo unds (VOC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions.

Transportation Conformi ty Rules, included as co ntrol strategies in the pre v ious ozone plan, no longer to ap ply to the Portland-Vancouver AQMA since it is an attainment area for t he 8-hour ozone stand ard.

The followin g control str a tegies sup port the Portland-Vanco u ver Ozone Maintenance Plan and currently apply to sources in the Va ncouver area.

• Motor Vehicle Emission I n spection Pr ogram (WAC 173-422)

• Control Strategies/Progr ams supported by SWCAA General Air Pollution Regulations (SWCAA 40 0)

o Air Discharg e Permit Ap plication s (Notice of Con s truction) (4 00-109)

o New Source Review (40 0 -110)

o Requiremen t s for New Sources in N onattainment Areas (400-112)

o Requiremen t s for Repla c ement of Substantial Alteration of Emission Control Technology at an Existing Stationary Source (400-114)

o Maintenance of Equipment (400-116)

o Requiremen t s for New Sources in a Nonattainment area (400-190)

o Emission Standards and Controls for Sources Emitting VOCs (SWCAA 490)

o Emission Standards and Controls for Sources Emitting Gasoline Vapors (SWCAA 49 1)

o VOC Area Source Rules (SWCAA 4 93)

Some sections of the General Air Pollution Regul ations will b e updated in support of t h is plan. The followin g SWCAA 4 00 section s will be modified:

• Definitions ( 400-030) - adds ‘emissio n unit’ to def inition of so urce

• Sources Exempt from Registration Requi remen t s (400-101) - clarifie s e x emption threshold

• Requiremen t s for New Sources in a Maintenance Plan Area (400-111) - clarifie s use of offsets an d industrial growth allowance provisions

• Requiremen t for New So urces in an Attainment or Nonclassifiable Areas (400-113) - describes impact level and offset re quirements and use of g r owth allowance

The followin g programs, regulations and other anticipated changes described belo w contribute to emission reductions o f ozone precursors but a r e not relied upon in this plan for the maintenance demonstration:

• Commute Trip Reduction Program (repl aced by the CTR Efficiency Act) and CTR performance grants

• Commute Trip Reduction Efficiency Act passed b y the Washington state legislature in 2006 to improve tran sportation system efficiency, conser ve energy a nd improve air quality. It targets urban g r owth areas with local an d regional g oals and per formance reviews to be every two years – (replaced the old CTR progra m )

• Public education and ou treach inclu d ing Air Pollution Advisories (formerly Clean Air Action Days), Public Pre s entations, Public Intera ction and Ed ucational M a terials.

Other anticipated chang es in the fut u re include:

• Implementat ion of Califo r nia motor vehicle st and ards for low emission vehicles beginning with the 2009 model year.

• Vapor recovery systems rules will be modified once the Wash ington fleet contains sufficien t on -board canister systems that capture refueling emission s

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### Modeled predicted value s show that the area will continue to comply with the ozone NAAQS through 2015. The modeling values and actual a i r quality dat a show that ozone levels can occasiona lly approach o r exceed the 8-hour ozo ne standard level in the Portland-Vancouver area. Exceedence of the standard do es not const i tute a violation of the sta ndard. To be in violation, th e design val ue must exceed 0.085 p p m. The suite of strategi es describ e d above will work together to protect air quality a s growth and population pressures increase over the next ten years. Implementin g this su ite of strategi es will also red u ce emissio n s of air toxi cs and greenhouse gases that a r e important emerging issues of con c ern.

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### 1.0 Background

Ground leve l ozone, also known as smog, is an air pollutant formed in the atmosphere by a chemical re action of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and oxides of nit r ogen (NO x 

### ). This reaction is most intense on hot su mmer da ys with poor ventilation. Ozone is a stro ng respiratory system irritant that aggravates resp irat ory illnesses, impairs ath l etic performance, and can cau s e permanent respirator y system da mage. Ozo ne can be e s pecially harmful to older people and childre n, and can d a mage crops and other materials.

1.1 Portland-Vancouver AQMA

The Portland-Vancouver AQMA wa s designate d ‘nonattain ment’ and was not in co mpliance with the one-hour ozone stan dard on March 3, 1978. Over severa l decades, e fforts to red u ce smog forming emi ssions in the Portland-Vancouver area have inclu ded a combination of fed e ral, state, and lo cal emission control strat egies, in clud ing a vehicle inspection and maintenance program for Portland area motor vehi cles (1975) and Vancouver area mo tor vehicles (1993), industrial V O C controls (1978), and area source controls on gasoline sta t ion vapors (1991). EPA determined that the AQMA attained the 1-hour standar d as of November 15, 1993. The most recent ozone maintenance plan s for Portlan d -Vancouver were adopted by the Oregon Environmen tal Quality Commission (EQC) on July 12, 1996 and by the Board of Directors of the SWCAA on March 19, 1996. The Portland and Vancouver Interstate AQMA ozone maintenance plans were approved by EPA on Ma y 19, 1997 (62 FR 27204). At that time, the AQMA was redesignate d to attainment and became a 1-hour ozone maintenance ar ea. A violation of the one-hour ozone standar d did occur in July 1998 at the Carus monitoring site in Oreg on (see Appendix 1) 1



### . However, the violation occurred du ring a time when the one-hour ozon e standard was temporarily revoked so it did n o t trigger th e one-hour ozone contingency plan. DEQ’s analysis that was suppor ted by SWCAA demonst r ated that this violation o ccurred befo r e all emission re duction measures had b een fully im plemented so no additio nal measures were needed. Since 1998, th ere have been no furthe r violations of the one-h our ozone st andard. In 1997, the EPA revised the ozone standard from a one-hour average of 0.12 parts per million (ppm) to an 8-hour average of 0.08 ppm. After a lengthy court battle, th e courts uph eld the 8- hour ozone standard in 2002. EPA adopted rules to implement the 8-hour ozone standard on April 30, 2004, and revoked the one- hour standa rd effective June 15, 2005. EPA designated the Portland-Vancouver AQMA as “Unclassif i ab le/Attainment” with the 8-hour ozone standard, effective Ju ne 15, 2004 (69FR 23858, April 30, 2004). Under this design a tion, DEQ and SWCAA are required to submit maintenance pla n s (110(a) p l ans) for the Portland-Vancouver AQMA per 4 0 CFR 51.905(a)(4)(iii). No violations of the 8-ho ur ozone sta ndard adopted in 1997 have occurred.

EPA rules to implement the 8-hour ozone standard (69 FR 23951, April 30, 2004) require SWCAA to prepare this 2006 maintenance plan update for t he Portland-Vancouver area to ensure continued compliance with th e 8-hour ozone standar d. In accord ance with th e same EPA rules, SWCAA join s with Oregon DEQ in its request that EPA remove the obligation to prepare a second one-hour ozone maintenance plan. SWCAA further requests that EPA accept the continge ncy plan in t h is Mainten ance Plan fo r the 8-hour standard as a replacement for the contingency plan current ly in place fo r the one-hour standard.

1 Ozon e monit o ring sites we re esta blishe d in Oreg on b eginni ng in th e early 197 0s. The curre n t Wa shin gton monitori ng sit e wa s esta bli s he d in 198 8.

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### Figure 1: Portland-Vancouver Interstate Air Quality Maintenance Area (AQMA)

An analysis of meteorological and gr owth factors indicate s th at the number of days with elevated ozone levels should have risen over the past several years, but in fact has remained relatively stable (see Ap pendix 2). This stable ozone trend in dicates that the ozone st rategies continue to work despit e significant population g r owth in the metropolitan areas and t he

occurrence of high temperature/air stagnation events that drive ozone formation. Continuing the suite of emission redu ct ion strategie s in the Portland-Vancouver AQMA o z one maintenance plan will con t inue to cont ribute toward reduci ng smog forming emissions. Modeling submitted with this pla n demonstrates complia nce based o n these strat egies throug h 2015. Nonetheless, modeled predicted value s and air qu ality data in dicate that o z one levels can occa sio nally approach or even excee d the 8-hour ozone stan dard in the Portland-Vancouver area

. But it is important to note an exceedence of t he standard is not a viola t ion of the st andard, and that the existing cont rol strategie s and other programs will be protect i ve of air quality.

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### Figure 2. Vancouver Maintenance Boundary A full page copy of Figure 2 showing the Vancou ver Mainten ance Area Boundary with a description of the bound ary is provided in Appendix 9.

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### 2.0 Ozone Trends and Compliance w i th Standards

Figure 3 sho w s the ozon e trends measured at m onitoring sit e s for the P o rtland and Vancouver, areas for th e period 199 7 through 2005. Table 1 shows the highest maximu m 8-ho ur average ozone concentrations measured for 1998 2 

### , 2003, 2004, and 2 005. While t hese peak values are important in assessing p ublic healt h risk, they ar e not used t o determine compliance with the federal ozon e standard. Compliance with the sta ndard is based on a statistical metho d that looks at the three year average of the 4 th 

### highe st (maxi m um 8-hr avg.) ozone value recorded each year. If the three-year average of the 4th highest value at any monit o ring site ex ceeds the standard, th e area is in violation. T able 2 show s the rollin g three-year average of 4 th 

### high values for 1998, 2003, 2 004, and 20 05. It is the s e “design v a lues” that a r e compared to the 0.08 ppm ozone standar d to determine compliance. Under EPA’s calculation convention, a value of 0.084 ppm wou l d round do wn to 0.08 ppm (i.e., in compliance), while a value of 0.085 ppm or higher would be a violation.

Ozone monitoring site s are shown in Appendix 1. The “Mountain View” site is the o n ly site located in th e Washingto n portion of t he AQMA.

The values illustrated in Tables 1 an d 2, togethe r with the 2015 Maintenance Projection described in Section 5.4 show that ozone levels can still occasionally ap proach or exceed the 8- hour ozone standard in t he Portland-Vancouver area, but th at with the existing strat egies in place, the re gion will mai n tain compli ance with th e 8-hour ozone standar d. SWCAA and DEQ’s analysis wit h Washingto n State University (WSU), described in Section 5. 4, demonstrates compliance so there is n o t currently a need to ad d new ozone strategies for the PortlandVancouver area. Existing emission r eduction str a tegies sho u ld be continued to be p r otective of air quality.

2 1998 is in clu ded in the tab l e becau se th at year had th e most re ce nt violation of the 1-h o u r ozone stand ard a nd the July 199 8 episo de was use d in the modelin g analy s is

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### Figure 3: Portland-Vancouver 8-Hour Ozone Values

Por t l a nd

- V anc ouve r 8

- hour O z one T r e nd ( 1 99 7- 20 05 ) 3 ye ar av er age s of t h e 4 t h hi gh est dai l y oz one v a l u e

0. 030 0. 040 0. 050 0. 060 0. 070 0. 080 0. 090 0. 100

1997 199 8 1999 200 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Ye a r8 hrOzone(ppm)3 yearrollingaverage of4thhighest

P o r t l a nd / C a r us

P o r t l a nd / M i l w a uk i e

P o r t l a n d / S au v i e I s l a n d

V a nc o u v e r

/ M t n. V i e w O z one A Q S t andard 0. 085 pp m

O z on e M o n i t o r i n g S i t e s



### Table 1: 8-Hour Ozon e Maximum Values 8-hour ozon e standard = 0.08 ppm Exceedance ≥ 0.085 ppm ma ximu m daily 8-hour average Monitoring Site 1998 8-hour Maxi mum 2003 8-hour Maxi mum 2004 8-hour Maxi mum 2005 8-hour Maxi mum P o r t l a n d / C a r u s 0

. 1 1 6 0

. 0 8 4 0

. 0 8 4 0

. 0 7 9 P o r t l a n d / M i l w a u k i e 0

. 1 0 0 0

. 0 6 8 0

. 0 7 7 0

. 0 6 3 Portland/Sauvie Island 0

. 0 7 7 0

. 0 7 3 0

. 0 6 1 0

. 0 6 4

Vancouver/Mountain View 0

. 0 7 8 0

. 0 7 7 0

. 0 6 6 0

. 0 7 6

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### Table 2: 8-Hour Ozon e 4 th 

### Highest, Design Values Design Value = 4 th 

### highe st 8-hour average, averaged over three years 8-hour ozon e standard = 0.08 ppm Violation ≥ 0.085 ppm design value Monitoring Site 1998 Desig n Value 2003 Design Value 3 

### 2004 Design Value 2005 Design Value P o r t l a n d / C a r u s 0

. 0 8 0 0

. 0 6 9 0

. 0 6 8 0

. 0 6 9 P o r t l a n d / M i l w a u k i e 0

. 0 6 6 0

. 0 6 1 0

. 0 5 9 0

. 0 5 5 Portland/Sauvie Island 0.065 0.062 0.062 0.061 Vancouver/Mountain View 0

. 0 6 5 0

. 0 6 3 0

. 0 6 0 0

. 0 6 1

3 2003 Desi gn Value wa s u s ed to dete r m i ne the attain ment desi gna tion for Portla nd-Va ncouve r AQMA (January 22, 2004 letter from DEQ to EPA). Design value is calculated usi ng the 4 th highe st ozo ne value at each mo nitoring site, averag ed ove r 3 years.

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### 3.0 Attainment Inventory

SWCAA an d DEQ de ve loped an att a inment emi ssion invent ory for the year 2002. The emission inventory for SWCAA ref l ects deta ile d estimates of emissions from all sou r ces, groupe d in four major categories:

• Industrial (P oint) Source s (e.g., sour ces inside Clark County with a SWCAA air qualit y permit),

• On-Road Mobile Source s (e.g., cars and trucks),

• Non-Road Mobile Sources (e.g., la wnmowe rs, construction equipment and other small engines), an d

• Area Sources (e.g., household produ cts, print sh ops, degrea sing and sur f ace coating operations, pesticide ap plication, op en burning a nd wildfires)

.
The 2002 Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR) e m issions dat a submitted by SWCAA an d DEQ to EPA’s National Emission Inv entory (NEI) was used as the basis for the 2002 attain ment year in ventory. Thi s 2002 coun ty-by-county annual inventory was developed following the currently accepted methodologies fo r the National Emission Inventory. Appendix 3 and Appendix 4 describ e the emissions inventory calculation s in more detail.

Table 3 cont ains the ann ual countywide emission estimates f o r the Portland-Vancouver AQMA, Oregon portion (Clacka mas, Multnomah and Washington C ounties) and Vancouver portion (Clark County) in tons/year. Tables 4 and 5 cont ain the coun tywide estimates, seaso nally adjusted for a typical su mmer da y in lb/day. Tables 4 and 5 are consider ed the “attainment inventory” fo r the Portland-Vancouver AQMA Oz one Maintenance Plan.

EPA guidance requires an emission inventory fo r three pollut ants, VOC, NO x 

### and carbon monoxide (CO). Ho wever, VOC and NO x 

### are the most critical precursor e m issions tha t contribute to ozone formation, so the s e pollutant s are emphasized in the emission inventory tables throu ghout this maintenance plan. CO is included in some tables for reference

. Table 3: Portland and Vancouver 2002 Annual Emissions (tons/ y e a r )

Portland A r ea 2002 A ttainmen t Inv e nto r y (Clacka m as, M u lt nomah,

W ashingt on Co unties) 20 02 2002 Sourc e T y p e VO C NOx AREA 92,9 4 6 5 ,808 NO N-RO A D 13,2 4 7 17,344 O N -RO A D 23,6 8 3 36,786 PO I N T 3 ,0 56 2,522 T o tal 132,9 3 1 62,461 V a nc ouv e r A r e a 2 0 0 2 E m i s s i ons ( C l a r k C ount y )

S o urc e T y pe 20 02 VO C 2 0 0 2 NO x AR EA 1 1

, 6 3 6 6 0 2 NO NR O A D 1

, 7 9 7 2

, 8 5 9 ON

- R OA D 6

, 2 7 4 9

, 2 7 2 P O I N T 6 52 1, 1 1 1

--- --- T

o t a l 2 0, 3 5 9 1 3, 8 4 4



### Area source emissions were calculated fo llowing EPA guidance for the 2002 NEI. Table 3 shows that area source s were the largest categ o ry of VOC emission so urces in 200 2, but it is important to note that most of the VOC emissions were from woodstoves. The annual area source emissions invent ory for 2002 in both Po rtland and Vancouver includes reside ntial wood stoves, which are a significant emitte r of VOCs. However, th ese stoves are not like l y to be in use during o z one episod e condition s with temperatures above 90 degrees. Therefor e, the

summer-sea sonal emissions inventory and ozone maintenance modeling demonstration reflecting da ily summerti m e conditio n s did not in clude firepla c e or woodstove emissions. Other

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### VOC area s ources inclu de painting, surface coat ing and degr easing oper ations, print shops and household consumer products.

Non-road mobile source emissions f o r Vancouver for 2002 were calcula t ed using E PA’s draft NONROAD2004 model and other methods following EPA g u idance for t he NEI. Non -road engines are also sign ificant contribut ors to both VOC and NOx during th e summer o z one season, and sources include aircraft, locomotives and marine engines as well as lawn and garden equipment, construction equipment, boats and perso nal watercraft.

On-road mo bile source emissions for the atta inment inventory were calculated using EPA’s MOBILE 6.2 model and traffic data fr om the Sout hwest Wash ington Regional Transp o rtation Council (RTC). Gasoline vehicles a r e a significant source o f VOC and NO x 

### e m issions, as are diesel powe r ed vehicles.

Point source emissions f o r the 2002 Attainment Inventory are based on d a ta submitted by permitted faciliti e s and r e flect actua l 2002 emissions reporte d in annual r eports to SWCAA. Within the P o rtland-Vancouver AQMA, industrial point source s that emit more than 10 tons/year of VOC, 40 t ons/year of NO x 

### , or 100 tons/year of CO were in ventoried. Outside of the PortlandVancouver AQMA but within 25 miles of the att a inment boundary, point sources that emit more than 40 tons/year of NO x 

### or 100 tons/ y ear of VOC or CO were inventoried.

Biogenic emission s are naturally produced by ve getation (e.g ., terpenes f r om pine trees) and can be dist inguished fro m anthropogenic emissions that are produced by human activities. Biogenic emission s data was provided by WS U f o r the modeling study (Appendix 4) and calculated b y county for this emissio n s inventory.

Table 4: Portland Are a 2002 Attainment Inventories (lb/da y )

Po rt lan d A r e a 2002 A t t a in men t In v e n t o r y T y pica l Summer Day , lb/day Clackamas, M u l t nomah, W ashington Counti e s

2002 2002 200 2 Sourc e T y pe VO C NO x CO
AREA 253,871 5,529 26,64 4 BIO G E NIC 437,910 3,890 NO N- RO AD 110,188 136,713 1,202,8 0 5 O N

- R O A D 139,542 216,750 1,699,4 9 3 PO INT 17,020 14,913 12,20 2 T o tal 958,531 377,794 2,941,1 4 4

P o r t l a nd A r e a 2002 N O x A tta i n m e n t I n v e n to r y

ON

- R OA D 58 % NO N

- RO A D 36 % AR E

A 1% BI O G E N I C 1% PO I N T 4%

AR E

A B I OGE N I C NO N

- RO A D ON

- R OA D PO I N T P o r t l a nd A r e a 2 0 0 2 C O A t t a i n m e n t In v e n t o r y

ON

- R OA D 58% NO N- R O A D 41 % PO I N T 0% AR E A 1% B I OGE N I C 0%

AR E

A B I OGE N I C NO N

- RO A D ON

- R O A D PO I N T P o r t l a n d A r ea 20 02 V O C A t t a i n m e n t I n ve n t o r y

AR E

A 26 %

B I OGE N I C

46 % NO N

- RO A D 11%

ON

- R O A D 15% PO I N T 2%

AR E

A B I OGE N I C NO N

- RO A D ON

- R OA D PO I N T

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 15 of 56

### Table 5: Vancouver Area 2002 Attainment Inventories (lb/da y )

V a nco u v e r - A r ea 2 0 0 2 A t t a inme n t In v e n t ory T y p i cal Su mmer Day , lb / d ay ( C lark Cou n t y )

20 02 2 002 2 002 S o u r c e T y p e VOC NO x CO
A R EA 18,0 1 4 665 3

, 912 B I O G ENIC 79,4 1 7 965 NO NRO A D 15,3 7 4 23, 222 228 ,078 ON- R O A D 38,3 1 5 50, 495 397 ,983 P O INT 3 ,5 72 6, 089 3

, 803 T o tal 1 54,6 9 2 81, 436 633 ,776

V a nc ou v e r A r e a 20 02 V O C A t t a i n m e n t I n v e n t o r y

AR E

A 12 %

B I OGE N I C

51% ON

- R OA D 25% PO I N T 2%

NO NRO A D 10% AR E

A BI O G E N I C NO NRO A D ON

- R OA D PO I N T Vancou v e r A r ea 2002 N O x A t t a i n m e n t In v e nt or y

ON

- R O A D 62% BI O G E N I C 1%
NO NRO A D 29% AR E

A 1% PO I N T 7%

AR E

A BI O G E N I C NO NR O A D ON

- R OA D PO I N T V a ncou v e r A r ea 2 0 0 2 C O A t t a in m e nt I n v e nt or y

ON

- R OA D 62% BI O G E N I C 0% PO I N T 1% AR E A 1% NO NRO A D 36%

AR E

A BI O G E N I C NO NRO A D ON

- R OA D PO I N T

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 16 of 56

### 4.0 Portland-Vancouver Control Strategies

4.1 Portland-Vancouver AQMA Ozone Maintenance Plan

Both Portland-Vancouver AQMA Oz one Maintenance Plan in ventories are impacted by federal, state and lo cal emission control prog rams. All four major source categories of ozone precursor emissions ( V OC and NO x 

### ) are affe cted by control strategie s that reduce emissions from these sources. Se veral of the strategies pr ovide benefits beyond VOC and NO x 

### emission re ductions, such as a i r t o xics and gr eenhouse g a s emission reductions, t r affic conge stion reduct i on, energy savings, an d overall co st-savings f o r the transportation systems.

The existing Portland-Vancouver AQMA Ozone Maintenance Plan strat egies in bot h plans will remain in place and work together to protect air q uality as the population increases ov er the next ten yea r s. These st rategies have succe ssfully reduced VOC and NOx emissions in the past and also should red u ce emissio n s of air toxics and gree nhouse gases that are e m erging issues o f co ncern. The “maintenance demonstration”, Sectio n 5.0 below, includes very conservative point sour ce estimate s reflecti n g maxi mum predicted emissions. Kee p mind that the maintenance demonstration is b a sed on kee p ing the con t rol strategie s describe d below in place. The modeling demonstrates continued compliance with the stand ard through 2015. While the modeling sho w s continue d compliance with the st andard, it also shows pe ak ozone concentratio n s could exceed the stan dard thresh old of 0.08 p p m in Orego n. Although an exceedence is not a violation, this illustrates the need to cont inue the suit e of emissio n reduction str a tegies that limit ozone f o rmation in the Portland-Vancouver area, and fo r appropriately managing emissions g r owth from n e w industry.

Transportation conformity rules, inclu ded as contr o l strategie s in the previous ozone p l an, no longer apply to the Portland-Vancouver AQMA

. Under EPA’ s 2004 ozone implement ation rules (40 CFR 51.900), neithe r general co nformity nor transportatio n conformity applies to t he AQMA since atta ining the 8-hour ozone sta ndard. This means that new transportation plans or programs no longer nee d to demonstrate that th ey conform t o the ozone maintenance plans.

4.2 Vancouver Control Strategies The control strategies in the Portland-Vancouver Ozone maintenance plans are sup ported by current rules that are described in Se ction 4.2.1 b e low. Some of these rul e s will be up dated for specific pro g rams, such as the reest ablishment of the indust r ial source s growth allowance and are mentioned in Sectio n 4.2.2 belo w . Both the strategies in the current rules and th e proposed revised rules were relie d upon in th e maintenance demonstration. There are also oth e r programs, such as the Commute Trip Reducti on and the Public Educat ion program that contribute to ozone precursor emission reduction s, but which were not quantified nor r e lied upon for the maintenance demonstration. More detail on the Commute Trip Reduction program can be foun d in sect ion 4.2.3.1.

4.2.1 Control Strategies Supported by Current Rules The followin g strategies are fully sup ported by current versions of the rule s and will re main in the Vancouver Ozone Maintenance Plan as they currently apply to sources in the Cla r k County, Washington area. SWCAA rules and their effectiv e dates are in Appendix 7 as well as the Washington State Regulation for the Motor Vehicle Inspection program that supports t he plan.

• Motor Vehicle Inspection Program (WAC 173-4 22, see Sect ion 4.2.1.1 b e low)

• General Regulations for Air Pollutio n Sources ( S WCAA 40 0)

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 17 of 56

### o Air Discharg e Permit Ap plication s (Notice of Con s truction) (4 00-109) – submittal and processing of Air Discharge Per m it (ADP) a pplication s

. o New Source Review (40 0 -110) – General requir e ments for ADP issuance, Best Available Control Techn ology (BACT) is require d of all sour ces

o Requiremen t s for New Sources in N onattainment Areas (400-112) New source review for n onattainment areas

o Requiremen t s for Repla c ement of Substantial Alteration of Emission Control Technology at an Existing Stationary Source (400-114) Reasonably Avail able Control Technology (RACT) for control equipment required

o Maintenance of Equipment (400-116) – minimu m maintena nce require ments

o Requiremen t s for Nonattainment Areas (400-190 ) - procedural requirements for developing nonattainment provision s

• Emission Standards and Controls for Source s Emitting VOCs (SWCAA 490) – categ o ry specifi c req u irements for gasoline lo ading and di spensing fa ciliti e s, drycl eaners, surf ace coater, grap hic arts systems, flatwood panel manufacturers and surface finishing facilit ies

• Emission Standards and Controls for Sources Emitting Gasoline Vapors (SWCAA 4 91) – requirements for gasolin e stations ( i ncludes Sta ge I and Stage II gasolin e vapor recovery) an d specific re quirements for fixed roof gasoline sto r age tanks, gasoline loading terminals, bulk g a soline tan k s and gasoline transport tanks.

• VOC Area Source Rules for reducing emissions f r om Consu m er Products, Spray Paints, Motor Vehicle Refinishin g and Area Source Common Pro v isions (SWCAA 493-100 through 500)

4.2.1.1 Motor Vehicle In spection Pro g ra m - Vancouver The 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act cont inued the no nattainment status of the PortlandVancouver Interstate Area for the 1-hour National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone and classified th e area as marginal. The 1990 Amen dments required pre-existing marginal nonattainment areas that had not yet implemente d a motor ve hicle in spect i on and maintenance (I/M) progra m do so. An I/M Progra m measures emissions f r om motor vehicles. If e x cessive levels of emissions are f ound, the vehicle must b e repaired. While Oregon had an on going I/M Program in Portland, no I/M Progra m had been implemente d in souther n Clark County area until 1993.

The Washin gton State Plan to attain the ozone st andard in so uthern Clark County submitted to EPA in 1992 extended the State’s existing I/M Program to the Vancouver area. 4 

### The I/M Program be came operational in so ut hern Clark County on June 1, 1993.

The 1996 maintenance plan for sout hern Clark County brou ght changes to the boun daries for the I/M Prog ram. The vehicle emission boundar y was expan ded to Brush Prairie, Battle Ground, Ridgefield and La Center Postal Zip Co des as of Ja nuary 1, 1997; the testin g methodology was changed to the Acceleration Simulation (ASM) mode; test standard s were strengthene d; testing w a s expanded to NO X 

### emission s, and a gas cap le ak detection check was instituted. E PA approval of the Clark County and Portland maintenance plans allowed EPA to redesignate the Portland-Vancouver AQMA to attainment for 1-hour ozon e NAAQS.

Since Janua ry 1, 2000, the I/M Program has exe m pt ed vehicles that are less than fiv e or more than 25 years old from emissions testing.

4 previou s ly the prog ram o n l y applied to Puget Sound and Spo k an e

.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 18 of 56

### Vehicle emission te st pr ocedures ha ve been mo dified over the years to better address real driving conditions. Sin c e 1996, vehicles have b een equippe d with On Board Diagnostic Systems (OBD) that provide a comprehensive over view of t he emission s control system. The I/M Program transitioned to OBD testing for newer vehicles o n July 1, 2002. Even though

em issions te sts for NO X 

### had to be discontinued in 2002 to ke ep costs do wn, OBD is a more effectiv e ch eck for NO X


### . Since 2006 , gas cap ch ecks have n o longer bee n performed on 2000 and newer model year vehicles. OBD checks are relied on to detect evaporative emission control syst em leaks including gas cap leaks.

The 2015 projected inve ntory and the maintenance demonstration assum e the curren t I/M program is maintained. A contract is in place for conducting I / M testing until 2012. Th e current I/M regulations are in Appendix 7. Ecology is submitting WAC 173-422 to EPA for app roval.

4.2.2 Control Strategies with Proposed Rule Revisions Some sections of the General Air Pollution Regul ations will b e updated in support of t h is plan. The followin g SWCAA 4 00 section s will be modified:

• Definitions ( 400-030) “New Source” definition a m ended, adds ‘emission unit’ to definition

• Sources Exempt from Registration R equiremen t s (400-101) , clarifie s exemption threshold

• Requiremen t s for New Sources in a Maintenance Plan Area (400-111) clarifies use o f offsets and industrial gro w th allowance provision s , (see se ction 4.2.2.1 b e low)

• Requiremen t for New So urces in an Attainment or Nonclassifiable Areas (400-113) , clarifie s allo wable ambient impact level and use of growth allowance fo r offsets.

4.2.2.1 Requirem ents fo r New Sourc e s in a Main tenance Pla n Area Under the existing SWCAA Rules adopted in 200 5 (SWCAA 400-111), new or expan ding major industrial so urces loca te d within the Vancouver portion of th e AQMA mu st “offset” e m ission increases of more than 40 tons/year of VOC and NO x 

### b y obt aining an off s et from another facility. Or, the owner or operator of a proposed major source or major modification may apply to SWCAA for an allocatio n of the gro w th allowance in lieu of providing an emission of fset.

The 1996 Ozone Maintenance Plans for the Portland-Vancouver areas both included an industrial e m issions gr owth allowance for the Washington and Oregon sources that could be used by new and expa nding major industry in lieu of obtaining emission offsets. Bot h 2006 Plans contin ue to use this approach t o manage industrial emissions growt h . The growth allowances were includ ed in the modeled 2015 ozone maintenance demonstration.

This 2006 maintenance plan update re-establish e s the growth allowance for new and expanding major VOC and NO x 

### industrial sour ces, and retains the emission offset r equirement as a safeguard. SWCAA 40 0-111 provides both flexi b ility for futu re economic opportunity and protection of the ozone NAAQS.

Proposed sources applying for an increase in e m issions of more than 40 tpy located inside the AQMA must either obtain an offset o r use the available grow th allowance at a rate of 1.1 to 1, for a net air quality benefit. If the ne w or modified source wit h in Clark, Cowlitz or Skamania counties located outside the AQMA has caused or will cause a signifi cant projected i m pact inside the A Q MA as specified in SW CAA 400-11 3, the source must provide offsetting emission reductions t o reduce the impact belo w the allowable ambient impact level. The source may fulfill

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 19 of 56

### this offsett i n g requirement by either obtaining an offset from another facility or by req uesting an allocation of the growth allowance.

The Portland plan reest ablishes the industrial growth allowance in Oregon at 5,000 t ons for VOC and 5, 000 tons for NOx. SWCAA adopted a growth allo wance for the Vancouver AQMA (Clark Co., Washington ) sources pr oportional to Oregon’s growth allowance to ensur e a level playing field on both side s of the Columbia River when promoting econo mic development of the region. The current growth allowance for the Vancouver AQMA as directe d by the 1996 ozone plan for the years 2004-2006 is 84 t ons VOC an d 151 tons o f NOx. The growth allowance balance for t he Vancouver portion of the AQMA will be reset to 411 tons of VOC and 1,313 tons of NOx. Co nsumption of the growth allow ance will cont inue t o be monitored and tracked by SWCAA as described in SWCAA 40 0-111. As required in the existing rules, the growth allowance will be al locat ed on a first come first served basis. To make the growth allowance ‘pool’ la st as long as possible, so urces may provide offsets, if possible, f o r all or part of the proposed in crease

. If O r egon’s gro w th allowance decrease s to 1,000 to ns or less, DEQ may increase the growth allo wance by utilizing new fe derally enforceable emission reduct i ons and shutdown cr edits that w e re not relie d on in the maintenance demonstration. Likewise, if the SWCAA gro w th allowance falls belo w 20% of the newly reset levels, i.e. , the growth allowance balance fal l s to or below 82 tons VOC and 263 tons NOx , SWCAA will consider incr easing the growth allowance also b y utilizing ne w federally enforceable emission re ductions an d shutdown credits that were not relied on in the maintenance demonstration. Any such increase to the growth allowance will be subject to public comment and EPA approval. Federally enforceable emission reductions include requirements adopted by EPA, requirements adopted by the SWCAA Bo ard of Direct ors and app roved by EPA as a revision to the W a shington SI P and requirements establishe d by a federally enforce able permit condition. I n the event all of the growth allowance is consumed, and cannot be re-establishe d, emission of fsets for VOC and NOx will be required for new and expanding major industries. SWCAA may consider temporarily reducing the amount of growth allowance that may be allocat ed to new or modified major industrial so urces if mon i tored ozone concentrations exceed the “risk of v i olation” or “ a ctual violation” thresholds de scribed in the conti ngency plan (Section 7.2.1). SWCAA must provide reasonable advance notice to affect ed industrie s if there is a possibility that the gro w th allowance could be redu ced.

4.2.3 Additio nal Progra m s that Contribute to Em ission Reductions The followin g additional programs contribute to o z one precur sor reductio n s, but were not relied upon in the maintenance demonstration;

• Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) prog ram originally passed in 1991(RCW 70.94.521- 551), - repla c ed by The CTR Efficiency Act (ESSB 6556 ) works with major employers in the state’s most populous countie s to encourag e employee s to commute without driving alone.

• Commute Trip Reduction Efficiency Act passed o n March 29, 2006, effective July, 2007 (see Section 4.2.3.1 belo w ).

• CTR 

### Perfor mance Gran ts - the Wa shington De partment of Transportation oversees the Trip Reduction Performa nce Program that was passed by the Washingt on State legislature in 2003 to re duce the nu mber of vehi cle trips,

• Public education and ou treach

o Air Pollution Advisories (formerly called Clean Air Action Days) are called when weather forecasts in dicat e a high pro bability for a i r pollution t o approach l e vels that are unh ealthy for sensitive grou ps. On such days SWCAA and DEQ work with local media and ind u stry to encourage resid ents to carp ool or take t he bus to

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 20 of 56

### work and avoid burning, lawn mowin g and painting to reduce their person a l impact on air pollution.

o Public prese n tations – S W CAA offers presentations as requ ested to various school and community groups, add ressing lo cal concerns a bout air pollution and pollution pre v ention. These presentat ions address personal impacts on air pollution, related health issues and local measures to address ozone pollution.

o Public intera ction – SWCAA frequently distributes information and brochur es at community events inclu d ing fire dist rict open ho uses, fest ivals and count y fairs.

o Educational materials – SWCAA rou t inely distrib u tes informational broch u res to residents co ncerned abo ut ozone pollution.

4.2.3.1 Changes to Commute Trip Reduction Progra m The Washin gton Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) law passe d in 1991 an d covered ten counties including Clark County. The law applies to major employers (companies with over 100 employees), requires an nual perfor m ance revie w s, and the goals were t he same for all employers. This law expired and was replaced b y the CTR Efficiency Act

. This new legislation passed in th e 2006 legislature modifies the CT R program and will become effective on July 1, 2007. This l egislation ch anged the p r ogram so that it will onl y apply to major employers in urban growth areas, changed t he performance review to once every two years and provided for goals that can vary based on local and reg i onal goals and allow co mpanies to set goals be yond the state minimum target. Other programs that support the success of the CTR Progra m are Trip Reduction Performance Program, Ri deshare Tax Credits, Vanpool Grant Program, Regional Mobility Gra n t Program and Park and Ride lots.

In 2005, the Clark County CTR program has 52 affected worksites and 12 voluntary worksites. In this same year, 18% of empl oyees at these worksites u t ilize d alternative transportatio n to work. The CTR pro g ram also offers a Guaranteed Ride Home to participating employers. The Guaranteed Ride Home program o ffers a free taxi ride home (up to 50 miles one way), including an intermediate stop, to employees who took an alter native ride to work and must leave work due to an unforese en emergency (such as a sick child at school, e m ployee illness, or u nexpected mandatory o v ertime). Additional in f o rmation about the CTR law and program can be found in Appendix 8.

Note that there is Washington participation in a n u mber of bistate area co mmittees whose responsibilities include e s tablish i ng p o licie s and p r ograms to reduce regio nal travel demand and manage traffic operation s . For example, the Regional Travel Options Subcommitte e, a subcommittee of Metro’s Transport a tion Policy Alternatives Committee (TPAC), has Washington members from inside th e AQMA. Th e RTOS's specific p u rp ose is to pro m ote alternatives to driving alone in the region.

Should elevated ozone levels or a violation occu r, the impact of transport a tion source s as well as all other sources wil l be evaluated. Also, SWCAA will review emissio n levels fro m mobile sources wh en routinely evaluating all emission ca tegories as required every three ye ars by the Consolidate d Emission Reporting Rule (CERR) to evaluate emission tre nds.

Other anticipated chang es over the next ten yea r s include:

• Low Emission Vehicles legislat ion will require ca rs sold in W a shington to meet California motor vehicle emission standards be ginning with the 2009 model year (WAC 173-423 ESSB 5766, adopted November 30, 2005, effective January 1, 2006) .

• Emission Standards and Controls for Sources Emitting Gasoline Vapors (WAC 173-491, SWCAA 49 1) Stage II vapor recovery system ru les for gas stations will b e modified

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 21 of 56

### when the motor vehicle fleet reflect s widespread use of on-b oard caniste r systems - expected to be revised prior to 2015.

The various control strat egies described above work together with other elements in the maintenance plan, inclu d ing the tracking of em ission growth, ambient ozone monitoring and the early warning and action elements in the conting ency plan, to meet air quality management goals and pr otect compliance with st andards.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 22 of 56

### 5.0 Maintenance Demonstration (Portland-Vancouver)

5.1 Ozone Modeling Study

SWCAA an d DEQ tea m ed with WSU, the Washington Department of Ecology and EPA to study ozone formation using a computer dispersion model (see Ap pendix 4, “Historica l and Future Ozone Simu lations u s ing the MM5/SMOKE/CMAQ Syste m in the Portland/Vancouver Area”, WSU, Dece mber 31, 2005 final repo rt). The purpose of the study was to develop a predictive tool to forecast future ozone concent rations base d on emission projectio n s and summer meteorology in which ozone formation occurs.

The modeling study simulated two historica l high ozone episodes that occurred durin g the summers of 1997 and 19 98. The stu d y compare d actual ozo ne levels measured (monitored) during the 1 997 and 199 8 events to model predicted ozone levels for the same period in order to test and validate model performance. The model perfor m ed within EPA guidelines for both episodes. T he model performance testing verifies that the CMAQ mod e l can predict future ozone concentrations fo r the region (see Appendix 4 for more information on model performance testing).

The modeling team selected the July 26-28, 1998 episode a s the basis f o r future year projections because ozone levels were much higher in 1998 than in 199 7, and meteorology reflected wo rst case con d itions that contribute to ozone formation in the Portland-Vancouver area (high t e mperatures and low wind speeds, with predominant winds f r om the north). Methodology for develo p ing the modeling emissions data is detailed in t he WSU mo deling report (Appendix 4).

5.2 Growth Proj ections

The 2015 emissions for e cast used in the modeling study reflects 2002 e m issions, in creased by expected growth in various sector s. The 2002 emission inventory reflects the 2002 Consolidate d Emissions Reporting Rule (C ERR) emissions data submitted by DEQ and SWCAA to t he National Emission Inventory (NEI ) and documented in Appendix 3 and 4. Growth factors for various source sectors were derived from the 2002 “Economic Report to the Metro Coun cil, 2000-20 30 Regional Forecast fo r the Portland-Vancouver, Metropolitan Area” (Metro Repo rt) (see Appendix 5).

For the 2015 Maintenance Projectio n , the following growth assumptions were includ ed in the forecast:

Area source s: Area source emissions were calculated follow i ng EPA guidance for the 2002 NEI. Table 6 describes p opulation tre nds in the P o rtland and Vancouver areas. The 2015 emissions in ventory assumes a line a r, non-compounding po pulation gro w th rate of 1.8% per year, and household gro w th rate of 2.0% per y ear from the Metro Report. The area source emission inventory was adjusted to r e flect summertime conditions when used in the modeling analysis and maintenance demonstration.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 23 of 56

### Table 6: Portland Vancouver Are a Population Projections

2000 Estimate 2005 Forecast 2010 Forecast 2015 ForecastPortlandVancouver Area* (Clackamas, Multnomah, Washington and Clark Counties) 

### 1

, 7 8 9

, 4 6 0 1

, 9 5 6

, 3 0 0 2

, 1 3 4

, 3 0 0 2

, 2 8 7

, 0 0 0

Vancouver Area (Clark County)** 3 4 5

, 2 3 8 3 9 1

, 2 6 4 4 3 2

, 4 7 9 4 7 3

, 6 7 4

*” Econom ic Rep o rt to the Metro Council , 2002-2 030 Region al Fo recast
, ” pag e 4 ** Projections o f the To tal Resid e nt Population f o r the Growth M a nagement Act, In termediate: Y ear After 2010 Clark 200 0 TO 2025 b y Single Coun ty , Office of Fin a ncial Mana gement, released Janu ar y 2 002



### Non-road mobile source s: EPA’s draft NONROAD2004 mo del was used to estimate nonroad source emissions for 20 15. This model incorpor ates the late st assumptions and rule s, includ ing EPA’s Tier 4 non-road diesel engine standards and non-road diesel fuel sulfur standar ds associat ed with the Tier 4 rule. Railroads, marine vessels an d airports were estimated independent ly of the NONROAD mo del (see Ap pendix 4). Aircraft emissions for the four airports with the Portland AQMA we re calculat e d using Port of Portland data (Aviation Demand Forecast Up date for Portland Internat ional Airport

, Port of Portland, November 4, 1999, and associat ed spreadsheets), which was also used in the 2002 NEI submittal.

On-road mo bile source s: 2015 on r oad vehicle miles traveled estimates used in th e modeling analysis are based on tr avel deman d forecast m odels run by Metro and the Southwest Regional Transportation Council ( R TC) for the Portland-Vancouver AQMA, and De partment of Transportation data and projections f o r the mode ling domain. RTC’s last r egional analysis completed in December 2004, predicted that ev en with high population, employment and VMT growth, hydrocarbon levels are expected to drop significantly between 2004 and 2025 . Also, the projected e m issions values for on r oad sources in the maintenance demonstration ar e consistent with RTC’s analysis. EPA’s MOBILE6. 2 model was used to estimate emission rates per vehicle mile traveled for 2015. MOBILE6.2 incorporates federal motor vehicle a nd fuel standards e x pected in 2015, and allows incorpo r ation of local data for many of the necessary parameters such as f l ee t and fuel ch aracteristics, and I/M programs. The 2015 maintenance demonstration also sho w s reductio n s in emissi ons from these source s with the existing Inspection a nd Maintenance progra m control str a tegies in p l ace. Expected changes in federal regulations i n clude two classes o f Heavy Duty ga s vehicles th at will be OBD tested starting in 2008. In Oregon, the modeling projections inclu ded the cha nge in their Vehicle Insp ection Program rul e s to replace the “enhanced” vehicle inspect i on test with th e “basic” vehicle inspection t e st for vehicle model years 1981-19 95. This ch ange is refle c ted in the modeling projections and maintenance demonstration of th is plan. Alth ough there are some changes to Washington’ s I/M program, i.e., starti ng with m odel year 2009, cars will be required to meet California e m ission stan dards, the modeling projections d i d not include any changes for the Washington I/M program.

Point source s : SWCAA and DEQ de veloped two different gr owth scenar ios for major industrial (point) sources, and their purpose is discussed in more detail below. The two scenario s include :

3⁄4 

### 2015 Projection: reflect i ng actual 20 02 emission s from existing industry, increased by expected employmen t projection s in the Metro report.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 24 of 56

### 3⁄4 2015 Maintenance Demonstration: r e flecting a conservative approach using estimates of maxi mum p e rmitted levels fo r existing industry and new industry growth allowance.

5.3 Forecast an d Maintenance Inventory

As noted ab ove, DEQ a nd SWCAA developed two different growth scen a rios for major industrial (point) sources, and they are used fo r different p u rposes. Th e first growt h scenario ( c alled “2015 Projection” as se en in Figure s 4 and 5) r e flects the 2 002 estimate of actual industrial emissions, increased by expected regional employ ment proj ections for t hat sector. This projection re presents a b a seline estimate of ac tual future year emissions, given expe cted growth, and is included in the WSU modeling report as the managed growth simulation projection ( A ppendix 4).

The second growth scen a rio (called “ 2015 Maintenance Demonstration” a l so seen in Figures 4 and 5) represents a very conservative approach using maximum estima tes of possible future year emissions. The 20 15 Maintenance Demonstration refle c ts maximu m “legally allowable” emission levels currently permitted for existing in dus try, plus the emissio n s growth allowance reestablishe d for new industry growth. Because Oregon’s permitting progra m differs from SWCAA’s, there is a substantial diff erence between Oregon Plant Site Emission Limits (PSEL) and Washington sources’ Potential t o Emit (P TE). Since PSELs and PTEs are not similar, Washington point source emissions were adjust ed for the p u rposes of t h is mainten ance demonstration to provide a more equal comparison. Using t he ratio of Oregon ‘allow able‘ emissions to Oregon’s 2002 actual e m issions for each pollut ant, Washin gton point sources were increased b y this same ratio. Then, a proportion al growth allowance was added to this value. This 2015 Maintenance Demonstration represen ts the most conservative estimate of possible future indust r ial emission s for purposes of the maintenance plan.

Tables 7 an d 8 and Figu res 4 and 5 below show the 2002 est i mate of actual emission s and the conservative growth scenario “201 5 Maintenance Demonstration” descr ibed above. Figures 4 and 5 also show the intermediate 2015 Projectio n described in the WSU modeling report.

Both VOC a nd NO x 

### e m i ssions are involved in the formation of ozone an d the relative amounts of each (VOC/NO x 

### ratio) can influen ce the level of ozone for m ation. The WSU mode ling analysis sho w s that of th e two pollut ants, VOC is the primary driver of o z one formation in the urban Portland area. However, both VOC and NO x 

### e m ission reduction st rategies con t inue to be important to reducing ozone formation.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 25 of 56

### Figure 4 below shows graphically the 2002 estima te of actual VOC and NOx e m issions, the intermediate 2015 Growt h Projection, and the 201 5 Maintenance Demonstration for th e Portland area. In 20 02, major industry acco unted for ab out 2% of to tal VOC emi ssions in the Portland area. Under the 2015 Maintenance Demonstration, major industry would account fo r about 12% of total VOC in the Portland area, and the ma jority of VOC e m issions (a pproximatel y 30% annually) would come from the area source se ct or.

Figure 4: Portland-Are a VOC and NOx Emiss i ons (lb/da y ) and 2015 Grow th Projection and Maintenance Demonstration

P o r t la n d A r e a V O C E m is s i o n s

0 300,0 0 0 600,0 0 0 900,0 0 0 1,200,0 0 0Lbsperday

PO I N T 1 7 ,020 18,304 119,94 3

ON

- R O A D 1 39,542 54,521 54,52 1

NO NRO A D 1 10,188 101 ,699 101,69 9

B I OGE N I C 4 37,910 437 ,910 437,91 0

AR E A 2 53,871 291 ,098 291,09 8 2002 A c tua l 2015 G r ow th P

r oj ec ti on 20 15 M

a i n tena nc e D e mons tr ati o n P o r t lan d A r e a N O X E

m is s i o n s

0 100,00 0 200,00 0 300,00 0 400,00 0Lbsperday

PO I N T 14,9 1 3 16,783 86 ,780

ON

- R O A D 216,750 68,910 68 ,910

NO NRO A D 136,713 95,638 95 ,638

B I OGE N I C 3,8 9 0 3 ,890 3

, 890

AR E A 5,5 2 9 6 ,157 6

, 157 2 002 A c tual 2015 G r ow th P

r oj ec ti on 2015 Mai n tenanc e D e mo ns tr ati o n

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 26 of 56

### Figure 5 sho w s expected growth in VOC and NOx emissions for the Vancouver area, including allowable e m issions for existing ind u stry. The industrial gro w th allowance has been established for the Vancouver area in proportion to Oregon industrial so urces. Futu r e growth in that area is expected to be accommodated through the New Source Review process. Including maxi mum allowable e m issions in t hese project i ons for existing industry

, the major industry sect or would account for approximate l y 7% of the total Vancou ver area VOC emissions and 39% of the NOx emissions in the maintenance demonstration. On road vehicle emissions r epresented 25% of VOC e m issions in 2002 and are expected to be 12% of the t o tal VOC e m issions in 2015. While on-road sou r ces were a larger perce ntage of ozo ne precurso rs in 2002, g r owth projections show area sources will contribute sig n ificantly to VOC e m issions in 2015. Nonroad sources are projected to be the large s t emission category for NOx in 2015 growth projections.

Figure 5: Vancouver VOC and NOx Emissions (lb/da y ) a nd 2015 Grow th Proje c tion and Maintenance Demonstration

V a nc ouv e r A r ea V O C E m is si ons

0 1 00,0 0 0 2 00,0 0 0L bsperd ay

PO I N T 3

, 572 3, 780 9,68 2

ON-ROA D 3 8 ,31 5 16 ,026 16,02 6

N O NROA D 1 5 ,37

4 9, 339 9,33 9

BI O G EN I C 7 9 ,41 7 79 ,417 79,41 7

AR EA 1 8 ,01 4 21 ,860 21,86 0 200

2 A c tu al 201 5 Grow th P r

oj ec t

i on 20 15 M a in tena nc e De m o n s tr a t i o n V a n c o u v e r A r ea N O x E m i ssi o n s

0 40, 000 80, 000 120, 000L bsperday

POI N T 6, 089 6, 197 22, 965
ON

- R O A D 50, 495 19, 482 19, 482
NO NRO A D 23, 222 15, 183 15, 183

BI OG EN I C 965 965 965

AR EA 665 786 786 2002 Ac t ual 2015 Gr ow

t h Pr

ojec t i on 2015 M a i n t

e nanc e De m o ns t r at

ion

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 27 of 56

### Table 7 Po rt lan d A r ea 2 015 M a in t e n a n ce Demo n s t r a t io n T y pica l Summer Day , lb/day Clackamas, M u ltnomah, W ashington Counties

2015 2015 201 5 Sour c e T y pe VO C NO x CO
AREA 291,098 6,157 29,37 3 BIO G E NIC 437,910 3,890

-- NO N- RO AD 101,699 95,638 2,260,81 0 O N

- R O A D 54,521 68,910 560,95 5 PO INT 119,943 86,780 108,52 6 T o tal 1 ,005,171 261,375 2,959,66 4

--- V O C, l b s p e r d a y -- - --- N O X, l b s p e r d a y --- 2015 2015 Sou r c e 2002 Mainte nanc e % Sou r c e 2002 Mainte nanc e % T y p e Ac tua l Dem onstr ation C ha nge T y p e A c tual De m onstr ation C ha nge

A R EA 253, 871 291, 098 1 4

. 7 % A REA 5

, 529 6, 157 11

. 4 %
B I OGE N I C 437, 910 437, 910 B I OGE N I C 3, 890 3, 890
NON R OA D 110, 188 101, 699

- 7

. 7 % N ON ROA D 1 36, 713 95, 638 -30

. 0%
ON- R OA D 139, 542 54, 52 1

- 60

. 9 % O N- ROA D 2 16, 750 68, 910 -68

. 2%
P O INT 17, 020 119, 943 604

. 7 % P OI N T 14, 913 86, 780 481

. 9 %

- -------- - - -------- - - - -------- -- -------- To t a l s 9 58,531 1,0 05,17 1 To t a l s 3 77,794 2 6 1,375 Po rt la n d A r ea VOC an d NO x Em iss i o n s , ( l b / d a y ) , % Ch an ge 2002

- 2015 ( C lac k a m a s , M u lt nom ah

, W a s h ingt on C ount ies)

Por t la n d A r e a 2015 V O C M a i n t e n a n c e D e m o n s t r at i o n

BI O G E N I C

44 % ON

- R

OA D 5%

NO N- RO A D 10% AR E A 29 % PO I N T 12%

AR E

A B I OGE N I C NO N

- RO A D ON

- R OA D PO I N T P o r t land A r e a 2015 N O x M a i n t e na n c e D e m o ns t r a t io n

NO N

- RO A D 38 % PO I N T 33 %

ON

- R OA D 26 % BI O G E N I C 1% AR E

A 2%

AR E

A B I OGE N I C NO N- RO A D ON

- R OA D PO I N T Po r t l a n d A r e a 2015 C O M a i n t e n a n c e D e m o n s t r a t i on

ON

- R

OA D 19 % B I OGE N I C 0% PO I N T 4%

NO N- RO A D 76% AR E

A 1%

AR

E A B I OGE N I C NO N- R O A D ON

- R OA D PO I N T



### The Portland area on-road emission s are expected to decrea s e signif i can t ly: 61% less VOC emissions a nd 68% less NO x 

### e m issions. This is primarily due to implementation of f ederal motor vehicle emission and fuel sta ndards and continuing implementati on of the vehicle inspection p r ogram. No n-road emissions also show a 30% decrease in NO x 

### e m issions due to the phase-in of federal e m ission and fuel standar ds. Point so urce “actual” emissions a r e not expected to change sign ificantly, alth ough Figure 4 shows th e difference between “actual” emissions in the 2002 att a inment inventory and t he “allowable” emission s and growth allowance in the 2015 Maintenance Demonstration.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 28 of 56

### Table 8: Vancouver Area 2015 Maintenance Demonstration, T y pical Summer Da y , lb/da y Clark Coun ty

V a nc ouv e r A r e a 2 0 1 5 M a i n t e na nc e D e m ons t r a t i o n T y p i c a l Su mme r D a y , lb /d a y C l a r k C ount y

20 15 20 15 2 0 1 5 S o u r c e T y p e VO C N O x CO
A R E A 21

, 8 6 0 78 6 5

, 3 37 B I O G E N I C 7 9, 4 1 7 9 65 0 N O N R O A D 9

, 3 3 9 15

, 1 8 3 27 1, 6 5 1 ON

- R O A D 1 6, 0 2 6 1 9, 4 8 2 1 59

, 1 6 7 P O I N T 9

, 6 82 2 2

, 9 65 3

, 78 0 T

o t a l 1 36

, 3 2 3 59

, 3 8 1 43 9, 9 3 5

Vanc ouv er A r ea 2015 VOC Mai n tenanc e D e m onstr ati o n

BI OG E N IC

58 % ON-R O A D

12 % PO I N T 7% AR EA 16 %

NONROA D

7%

AR EA B I OGE NI C NONROA D ON-ROA D POI N T Vanc ouv er A r ea 2015 NO x M a i n t e na nce Demons t rat i o n

NONROA D

26 %

ON-ROA D

33 % ARE A 1% B I OGE NI C 2% PO IN T 38 %

AR EA B I OGE NI C NONROA D ON-ROA D PO IN T V a nco u v e r A r ea 2015 CO Mai n te nance Demo nstr ati o n

NONROA D

62 % B I OGE NI C

0% AR E A 1% POI N T 1%

ON- R OA D

36 %

AR EA BI OGE NI C NONR O A D ON-ROA D PO INT

V a n c ouve r A r e a V O C a nd N O x E m i s s i ons (l b / da y ) , % Ch a n ge 2 0 0 2 -2 0 1 5 ( C lark Cou n t y )

--- V O C

, l b s p e r d a y -- - - -- N O X , lbs per day

- - - 201 5 2 0 1 5 So ur ce 200 2 M ain t en ance % Sou r c e 20 02 Ma inte nan c e % T y pe A c tua l De m o ns tration C han ge T y p e Ac t ual Dem onstr ati o n C ha nge
A R E A 1 8

, 0 1 4 2 1

, 8 6 0 21.3% A R EA 665 786 1 8

. 2 %
B I OGENI C 7 9, 41 7 7 9, 41 7 B I O GE NIC 965 965
NONROA D 1 5

, 3 7 4 9, 33 9

- 39.3% NON R OAD 23,222 15,183

- 34. 6%
ON -ROA D 3 8, 31 5 1 6, 02 6

- 58.2% ON-R OA D 50,495 19,482

- 61. 4%
P O I N T 3

, 5 7 2 9, 68 2 171.0% P O I N T 6 ,089 22,965 27 7. 2%

--- ----- -- ---- ----- - - ----- ---- -- ----- --- 15 4,69 2 1 3 6 ,32 3 81,4 3 6 59,3 8 1



### The Vancouver area on-road emissions are also ex pected to decrease significantly: 58% less VOC e m issions and 61 % less NO x 

### emissions. This is pr imarily due to implementati on of federal motor vehicle emission and fuel sta ndards and continuing implementati on of the vehicle inspection p r ogram. No n-road emissions al so show an approximate 35 % decrease in NO x 

### and 39% reduction in VOC e m issions du e to the pha se-in of fede ral emission and fuel sta ndards. The eventual shift from Stage II vapor recovery at gas station s to on-board canisters in cars is reflected in t he 2015 modeling proje c tions and maintenance demonstration of this p l an. Point source “actu a l” emission s are not expected to ch ange signif i cantly. Figure 5 shows th e “actual” emissions in the 2002 att a inment inventory, the 2015 growth projection a nd the “allo wable” emissions w i th the growth allowance used in the 2015 Maintenance Demonstration.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 29 of 56

### 5.4 Maintenance Demonstration – Ozone Leve l Projections

The WSU Ozone Modeling study (December 2005 report, Appendix 4) used the 201 5 maintenance demonstration values and worst-case meteorology from th e 1998 high ozone event in the CMAQ mod e l to estimat e future ozo ne concentr a tions for th e Portland and Vancouver areas in 201 5. Compliance with the 8-hour ozo ne NAAQS is demonstrated when the fourth highest daily maxi mum 8-hour average ozone con c entration, a v eraged ove r three consecut ive years (i.e., Design Value), is equal t o or less tha n 0.08 ppm 5



### .

Table 9 sho w s the 2015 predicted D e sign Value, which is used to compare to the ozo ne standard for purposes of determining compliance

. The WSU modeling analysis also confirms that the existing monitoring network is capturi ng t he areas of highest ozo ne concentr a tions. This modeling analysis also e s timates tha t potential pr ojected maximums could exceed the ozone standard. T he largest pr edicted maximum potent ially could b e at the Milwaukie site in Portland; the estimated result is 0. 096 ppm, an exceedance of the stan dard of 0.08 ppm.
Table 9: 2015 Maintenance Demonstration (ozone value s) 8-hour ozon e standard = 0.08 ppm Exceedance ≥ 0.085 ppm ma ximu m Violation > 0. 085 ppm Predicted Design Value

Monitoring Site 1998 Current Design Value, ppm Relative Reduction

Factor 2015 Predicted

Design Value*, ppm P o r t l a n d / C a r u s 0

. 0 7 5 0

. 9 5 5 0

. 0 7 2 P o r t l a n d / M i l w a u k i e 0

. 0 5 9 1

. 0 4 6 0

. 0 6 2 Portland/Sauvie Island 0

. 0 5 9 0

. 9 2 3 0

. 0 5 4

Vancouver/Mountain View 0

. 0 6 3 0

. 9 7 5 0

. 0 6 1

*Predic t ed Des i gn Value is c a lc ulated us ing t he EPA s t atis tical proc edure c a lled the Relative Reduction Factor desc ri bed in Appendix 6 and EPA 8-hour oz one modeling gui dance. Predi cted desi gn value i s co mpa r ed t o the 8-ho ur ozo ne sta nda rd to determine com p lian c e.


### Figure 6 sho w s the ozon e compliance trend for t he Portland-Vancouver area, including the 2015 maintenance projection. The values shown in Figure 6 and Table 9 demonstrate that the Portland-Vancouver area will remain in complian c e with the 8-hour ozon e standard, t hat is, there will be no design value over 0.08 ppm. Ho wever, the modeling results sh ow that the standard may be exceed ed, i.e., pea k ozone con c entrations may e x ceed 0.085 ppm, illustrat i ng the need to continue the suite of emission redu ct ion strategie s that limit o z one formation in the Portland-Vancouver area, and for a ppropriately m anaging emissions gr owth from n e w industry.

5 Under EPA’s calcul atio n con v entio n, a valu e of 0.084 p p m w o ul d roun d d o w n to 0.0 8 pp m (i.e. in compl i anc e),

w h il e a val ue o f 0.085 ppm or hig her w o ul d b e a viol atio n.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 30 of 56

### Figure 6: Portland-Vancouver Ozone Maintenance Demonstration

Portland-V a ncou v e r 8-hou r Oz on e Trend (1 997 -2 00 5) and 20 15 pr oj ec ti on 3 y e ar av er ages of t h e 4 t h hi ghest dai l y oz one v a l u e

0. 03 0 0. 04 0 0. 05 0 0. 06 0 0. 07 0 0. 08 0 0. 09 0 0. 10 0

19 97 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 20 00 2 0 0 1 20 02 20 03 2 0 0 4 20 05 20 15

Ye ar8hrOzone(ppm) 3 yearrolling average of 4th highest

Por t l and/C a r u s

Por t l and/M i l w auki e

Por t l and/Sauv i e Island

Vancouv er/M tn.View O z one AQ Stan dar d 0.0 85 ppm

Oz one M oni tor i ng S i tes



### Again, Figur e 6 and Tabl e 9 illustra te that the Portland-Vanco u ver AQMA will maintain compliance with the 8-hour ozone st andard through 2015. The Carus monitoring site, downwind of Portland, has historically been the site with the highest ozo ne readings in the region. The model predicted that the Milwaukie site would pr oduce a slig htly higher maxi mum value under meteorological condition s similar to t he 1998 episode, and th e maxi mum values at both Milwaukie and Car u s would exceed but not violate the standard. However, the Carus site is expected to remain the highest an d most important site for determining compliance with the ozone stand ard. The 4 th 

### high design values at Carus and all other sites d e monstrate continued compliance with the ozo ne NAAQS.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 31 of 56

### 6.0 Air Qual ity Monitori ng (Portland-Vancouver)

SWCAA an d DEQ will continue to o perate an ozone air quali t y monitorin g network in accordance with 40 CFR 58 to verify maintenance of the 8-h our ozone st andard in Portland and Vancouver (see Appendix 1). Any modification t o the ambient air monitoring network, such as removal of d uplicative or unnecessar y monitors, will be acco mplished through close consultat i on with EPA Region 10. P r oposed net work modifications would be accompanied by technical and statistical an alysis sufficient to docu m ent a give n monitor may be remo ved because it is

unnecessar y or duplicat ive in the ca se of network reduction s, or to justify the value of investing in monitoring network enhancements. In accord ance with 4 0 CFR 58, the final netw o rk design will be subject to the approval of the EPA Region al Administrator.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 32 of 56

### 7.0 Contingenc y Plan

The maintenance plan must inclu de a process to quickly prevent or corre ct any measured violation of t he 8-hour ozone standa rd. This pro c ess of investigation an d (if needed ) corrective action is called the “contingency plan”. Conti ngency plans typically have several stag es of action depe nding on the severity of monitored ozone levels. Ambient ozone thresholds are establishe d in the contin gency plan as early-war ning action levels. If monitored ozon e levels exceed these action lev e ls, the cont ingency provis ions are t r iggered. Portland has contingency plan measures based on VMT/capita whereas Vancouver’s contingency measures focus on performing evaluations to determine the root cau s e of the air pollution lev e ls which triggered the contingency plan.

7.1 Request to Replace the Portland-Vancouver AQMA 1-Hour Contingency Plan with an 8- Hour Contingency Plan

EPA revoke d the one-hour ozone st andard, effective June 15, 2005 (69 FR 23951, April 30, 2004). In accordance with EPA rules impl ementing the 8-hour ozone standard (40 CFR 51.900), SWCAA requests that the o ne-hour ozo ne continge ncy plan be removed fro m the Portland-Vancouver AQMA Ozone Maintenance Plan, and replaced wit h a continge ncy plan that addresses t he 8-hour ozone standa rd as described below.

7.2 Portland-Vancouver AQMA 8-h our Ozone Contingency Plan The Portland contingen cy plan inclu des two sets of continge ncy measures. The pro v isions specified un der Part A of the Contingency Plan for the Portland-Vancouver AQMA are linked to ambient concentrations of ozone an d would be triggered if measured ozo ne levels at any of the ozone monitoring sites (Mountain View, Sauvie I s land, Milwaukie, or Carus) exceed the earlywarning thresholds belo w , or if a violation of the 8-hour ozon e standard o ccurs. The provisions specified un der Part B of the Portland Contingency Plan are linked to in cr eases in the average amount of vehicle use p e r person (VMT/capita) in the Portland metropolitan area, an d would only affect t he Oregon portion of the Portland-Vancouver AQMA. EPA’s 8-hour ozon e implementat ion rule (69 F R pages 23987-88, April 30, 2004) notes that although state s cannot implement conformity for attainment areas as a ma tter of federal law, th ey could still work with their metropolitan plann ing organizat i ons to develop a voluntary program to address motor vehicle emissions growt h . The Portland plan Contingency Plan Part B includes a c tio n s that trigger base d on increases in %VMT incr eases in two phases. Oregon’s Transportation Planning rule requires DEQ to track VMT/Capita growth. Washington doe s not have this legislat ion. Because of t h is differen c e, the Vancouver contingency plan measures will not be the same as Portland’s Plan B contingen cy measure s . SWCAA a nd DEQ will both focus o n the evaluations for establish i ng the root cause of the contingency plan triggering emissio n levels.

7.2.1 Part A, Contingency Plan Based On Ambi ent Concentrations in Po rtland or Vancouver

PHAS E 1: ELEVATE D OZONE LE VELS If the air qua lity index (AQI) is foreca st to be within the “orange” range for ozone air qu ality (unhealthy for sensitive populations)

, or 8-hour daily maxi mu m ozone values approach 0.100 ppm or greater, and meteorological conditions conducive to ozone formation are expected to persist, SW CAA and DEQ will coordinate to issue an advisory to inform the public o f air quality levels and voluntary actions they can take to lim it exposure to unhealthy air pollution levels and reduce emissions.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 33 of 56

### PHAS E 2: RISK OF VI OLATION If monitored 8-hour ozon e levels at a n y site within the Portland-Vancouver area registers an annual fourt h highest monitored value of 0.085 ppm or greater within a single ozo n e season or 0.080 ppm or greater averaged over two years, SWCAA an d DEQ will a ssess the li kely sources of emissions and meteorological eve n ts contribut ing to elevated ozone le vels. DEQ and SWCAA ma y form an ad visory group to assist in its review.

SWCAA or DEQ could recommend t hat no actio n be taken if it is determined that: (a ) elevated ozone levels were cause d by an eve n t that is unlikely to occu r again, or ( b ) high ozon e levels

were cause d by an uncontrollable e v ent, such as a severe wildfire, or ( c ) federal re gulations th at will reduce o z one precur sor emissio n s are sche duled to be i m plemented within two years. If it is determined that the event did not meet the criteria above, SWCAA an d DEQ will e v aluate options for a ppropriate a c tion, in cluding the optio n for additio nal emission reduction st rategies to prevent future exceedances or a violation of the 8-hour ozon e standard. An assessm ent by SWCAA at t he “risk of violation” level would inclu de a review of emissions to identify t he source category that contributes the most emissions to t he airshed. However, th e emission source category with the largest contribution may not be the category that can pro v ide the greatest emission re ductions at t he least co st. SWCAA would review each of the source cate gories to evaluate the best overall reduction p o tential. Based on this a nalysis, measures that w ould be considered f o r implemen tation of each emissi on source categ o ry include t he following:

1. Mobile Sources

o Evaluate options for maintaining the I/M program beyond the current I/M contract expiration in 2012.

o Consult with RTC to revi ew and evaluate possib l e transporta tion control

measures. 2. Point Sources

o consider in stituting LAER or eliminating the gro w th allowance for new or modified

sources. 3. Area Sources

o Conduct a top-ten analysis to id entif y the activities asso ciate d with the la rgest contributors to area sour ce emission s and consider alternatives to achie v e reductions in emissions from these activities, (e.g ., consider o t her surface coating regu lations, curt ailment of certain kind s of painting o n hot summer days, etc.). 4. Nonroad sources

o Evaluate emission redu ction opportu nities for the s e categorie s (e.g., redu cing idling from locomotives, rebates for old lawn mowers, etc.).

PHAS E 3: ACTUAL VI OLATION If a violation of the 8-ho ur ozone sta ndard occur s , SWCAA a nd DEQ will determine the emissions a nd meteorological event s contribut in g to the violation. If the violation is n o t due to an event unlikely to occu r again, an u n controllable event or other criteria in Phase 2, SWCAA and DEQ wil l identify ne w strategies necessary t o ensure co mpliance with the 8-hour ozone standard wit h in 18 months of the co nclusion o f t he ozone se ason that pr ompted the contingency plan, and re vise the maintenance plan as neede d to correct t he violation. A revised maintenance plan would be submitted to EPA for approval.

Should an actual violatio n occur, SW CAA would pursue the measures identified in P hase 2 and convene a communit y a d visory grou p to choose control measures to ach i eve the necessary emission re ductions.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 34 of 56

### 8.0 Verification of Continued Attainment (Portland-Vancouver)

SWCAA an d DEQ will continue to monitor ambient air quality ozone level s in the Portl andVancouver AQMA during the ozone season (May through September) using the ozo ne monitoring network as d e scribed in Appendix 1. DEQ and SWCAA will update count ywide emission inventories every three yea r s as requi re d by the Co nsolidated E m ission and Reporting Rule (CERR) to update t he National Emissions I n ventory. If ambient ozone levels increase, DEQ and SWCAA will compare CERR updates with the 2002 and 2015 emissions in ventories and evaluate the assumptions used in the 2015 emissions p r ojections to determine whether emissions a r e increasin g at a rate n o t anticipate d in the maintenance plan.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 35 of 56

### Appendices 1. AQMA Ozo ne Monitoring Network (Vancouver-Portland-Salem regional area map and site description) 2. 1992 to 200 5 Meteorological Fact o rs Conducive to Ozone Formation in the PortlandVancouver Area (ODEQ, April 2006) 3. Emission Inventory

a. Annual Emission Invent ory b. Typical Summer Da y Emission s Inventory

c. Summary of Vancouver Area Emissions d. Summary of Portland Area Emissions 4. Modeling and Maintenance Demonstration - Hist orical and F u ture Ozone Simulations Using the MM5/SMOKE/CMAQ Syste m in the Portland-Vancouver Area (WSU, Decembe r 31, 2005). 5. Economic Report to the Metro Coun cil, 2000-20 30 Regional Forecast fo r the PortlandVancouver Metropolitan Area (Metro ’s Data Resource Center, December 2002 final d r aft) 6. Modeled Attainment Test (detailed spreadsheet)

. 7. Vancouver Area Control Strategies – SWCAA a nd Washingt on State Regulations 8. Other Emission Reductio n Programs Information 9. Map and De scription o f Vancouver AQMA

References

• “Maintenance Plan Guidance Docu ment for Certain 8-hour Ozone Areas Under Section 110(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act” (memo dated May 20, 2005 fr om Lydia W egman, EPA). The May 20, 2005 guida nce applie s to areas designated in at tainment with the 8-hour ozone stand ard and preparing maintenance plan s under Section 110(a)( 1 ) of the Clean Air Act and 40 CFR 51.905(c) and ( d ).

• “Demonstrat ing Noninterference Under Section 1 10(l) of the Clean Air Act When Revising a State Implementation Plan” (draft EPA Guidance, 6/8/05)

• “1-Hour Oz one Maintenance Plans Containing Basic I/M Programs (me m o dated May 12, 2004 from Tom Helms, EPA)

• April 30, 20 04 Federal Register (69FR 23951), Final Rule t o Implement the 8-Hour Ozone NAAQS-Phase 1

• July 8, 2005 Federal Register (70FR 39413), Notice of Fina l Rulemaking regarding Nonattainment Major New Source Review I m plementation under 8-Hour Ozone NAAQS

• “Guidance on the Use of Models and Other Analyses in Attain ment De mo nstrations fo r the 8-hour Ozone NAAQS” (EPA-4 50/R-05-002, October, 2005)

• “Emission Inventory Guidance for Implementation of Ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze” (EPA-454/R-05-001, August 2005, updated Nove mber 2005)

• “2002 Base Year Emission Inventory SIP Planning: 8-hr Ozone, PM 2.5 and Regional Haze Programs” (me m o dated November 18, 2002 from Lydia Wegman, EPA)

• “Procedures for Processing Requests to Redesignate Areas to Attainment” (memo dated September 4, 1992 from John Calcagni, E PA)

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 36 of 56

### Appendix 1 Portland-Vancouver AQMA Ozone Monitoring Net w ork

Monitoring Sites (north to south): 1. Sauvie Island (Portland, OR) (background site) 2. Mountain View (Vancouver, WA) 3. Milwaukie (Portland, OR) 4. Carus (Portland, OR) (traditionally highest ozone values) 5. Turner (Salem, OR) (not included in t he Portland-Vancouver AQMA)

The Portland-Vancouver AQMA Monitoring Netw ork The Portlan d /Va n cou v er are a has fo ur oz one mo nitori ng si tes sho w n in th e map abo ve. (The map also sho w s t he Sale m, Orego n site which is not a part of the Portla nd-Vanc ou ver AQMA. On e sit e i s located at Mountai n Vie w High Sc ho ol in Vanc ou ve r, Washin gton. T he o t her t h re e sit e s are loca t ed in the Portlan d area at the f o llowi ng l o c a tions: Sau v ie Isla nd, Milwauki e Hig h Sch ool, an d Carus (Sp angle r Road).

### The Portlan d area mo nit o rs h a v e b e en in ope rati on since th e mid

- 19 70's

. The cu rre nt Vanco u v er s i te has onl y be e n in o peratio n since 198 8

. Prio r to thi s date

, th ere was an ozo ne mon i tor l o cated at th e Colu mbia Ri ve r High Sc hool i n Vanc ou ver fro m 1 979 t o 1 987.

The oz one mo nito ring s eason ran from Ap ril thro ugh Oct obe r until 199 9. In 19 99, the ozone s easo n
was c hang e d to run fro m Ma y th rou g h Se pte m be r inst ead. Si nce th en, th e moni tors h a ve run continu ousl y Ma y th rou g h Se pte m be r, with hou rl y a v erages d e ri ved elect r onicall y vi a data l ogg ers and in teg r at ors. Af ter ri goro u s qu ali t y assurance , the dat a is i nput i n to the Air Qualit y Syste m (AQS), which supp li es EPA wi th the ai r q ualit y monito rin g data

. This data pro v i d e s the basis f o r Portland /Va n cou v e r's ai r quali t y sta t u s

.
S W CAA a n d DEQ Co nti n uo us Ai r Mo ni to ri ng Me th od f o r O z o n e T h e me t h o d u s ed by th e mo n i t o r t o me a s u r e ozone is Ultra v iol e t Phot o m et ry. T he ai r s a mple ente r s a cha m be r wit h an ultra v iol e t la mp at o ne en d a nd detect o r at t he ot her. T h e ozon e in t he sa mp le strea m abso r bs th e ul tra v iol e t li ght at a speci f ic wavelen g th. The a m oun t absorbed is prop orti onal to the a m oun t of ozo ne i n t he ai r strea m

. Th e d e te ctor t hen se nds an a m pli f ied si gnal to the reco rde r

. This is an EPA Fed eral Ref e re nce Me thod

. The Portland Area data is 8-hour Ozone Air Quality Data from DEQ Air Quality Ann ual Report, 2004.The Vancouver data is from SWCAA Air Quality Annual Report, 2004.

STATION LOCATION AND N U MBE R Year SUMMER AVERAGE 1- HOUR MAXIMUM (date ) # OF DAYS >0. 1 2 5

ppm 8- HOUR AVERAGE MAXIMUM 4 TH HIGHEST 8- HOUR AVERAGE # OF DAYS >0. 0 8 5

ppm 3 YEAR AVG OF 4 TH HIGH Portland Are a 1 9 9 4 0

. 0 2 9 0

. 1 1 7 (07/21 ) 0 0

. 0 8 4 (07/21 ) 0.078 (07/27 ) 2 0

. 0 7 9 †

Carus (SPR) 1 9 9 5 0

. 0 2 7 0

. 0 9 9 (06/30 ) 0 0

. 0 8 4 (09/01 ) 0.073 (09/14 ) 1 0

. 0 7 2 †

1357 5 Spang ler Ro ad 1996 0.029 0.149 (07/26 ) 1 0

. 1 1 2 (07/26 ) 0.099 (07/27 ) 7 0.083†

Can b y 1 9 9 7 0

. 0 2 5 0

. 0 8 5 (07/04 ) 0 † 0

. 0 7 4 (07/04 ) 0.062 (05/13 ) 0 0

. 0 7 8

DEQ# 10 093 EPA# 410050004 1 9 9 8 0

. 0 2 6 0

. 1 3 7 (07/28 ) 3 † 0

. 1 1 6 (07/26 ) 0.081 (09/01 ) 3 0

. 0 8 0

1 9 9 9 0

. 0 2 8 0

. 1 0 2 (07/10 ) 0 † 0

. 0 8 0 (07/09 ) 0.072 (07/28 ) 0 0

. 0 7 1

2 0 0 0 0

. 0 2 5 0

. 0 8 6 (06/28 ) 0 † 0

. 0 7 1 (06/03 ) 0.065 (07/30 ) 0 0

. 0 7 2

2 0 0 1 0

. 0 2 5 0

. 0 9 9 (08/09 ) 0 † 0

. 0 8 0 (08/09 ) 0.069 (06/20 ) 0 0

. 0 6 8

2 0 0 2 0

. 0 2 5 0

. 1 0 1 (07/22 ) 0 † 0

. 0 8 5 (07/10 ) 0.063 (07/21 ) 1 0

. 0 6 5

2 0 0 3 0

. 0 2 9 0

. 0 9 7 (07/29 ) 0 † 0

. 0 8 4 (09/03 ) 0.075 (07/28 ) 0 0

. 0 6 9

2 0 0 4 0

. 0 2 5 0

. 1 0 5 (07/24 ) 0 † 0

. 0 8 4 (07/24 ) 0.067 (08/11 ) 0 0

. 0 6 8

2 0 0 5 0

. 0 2 5 0

. 0 9 3 (08/04 ) 0 † 0

. 0 7 9 0

. 0 6 4 (07/27 ) 0 0

. 0 6 9

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 38 of 56STATION LOCATION AND N U MBE R Year SUMMER AVERAGE 1- HOUR MAXIMUM (date ) # OF DAYS >0. 1 2 5

ppm 8- HOUR AVERAGE MAXIMUM 4 TH HIGHEST 8- HOUR AVERAGE # OF DAYS >0. 0 8 5

ppm 3 YEAR AVG OF 4 TH HIGH Mil w a u kie Hi gh Sch (MHS ) 1 9 9 4 0

. 0 1 8 0

. 1 0 3 (07/20 ) 0 0

. 0 8 7 (07/20 ) 0.057 (07/21 ) 1 0

. 0 6 0 †

1130 0 SE 23 rd 1 9 9 5 0

. 0 1 8 0

. 1 1 0 (07/18 ) 0 0

. 0 9 2 (07/18 ) 0.067 (05/29 ) 1 0

. 0 5 9 †

DEQ# 10 095 EPA# 410052001 1 9 9 6 0

. 0 1 9 0

. 1 4 5 (07/14 ) 2 0

. 1 2 0 (07/14 ) 0.085 (07/13 ) 4 0

. 0 6 9 †

1 9 9 7 0

. 0 1 6 0

. 1 0 1 (07/20 ) 0 0

. 0 8 2 (07/04 ) 0.054 (07/19 ) 0 0

. 0 6 8 †

1 9 9 8 0

. 0 1 8 0

. 1 2 4 (07/26 ) 0 † 0

. 1 0 0 (07/26 ) 0.061 (08/31 ) 1 0

. 0 6 6 †

1 9 9 9 0

. 0 1 5 0

. 0 8 0 (06/14 ) 0 † 0

. 0 5 4 (07/09 ) 0.051 (05/23 ) 0 0.055†

Mil w a u kie (MSJ) 2 0 0 0 0

. 0 1 8 0

. 0 8 5 (06/04 ) 0 † 0

. 0 6 8 (06/04 ) 0.056 (08/23 ) 0 0

. 0 5 6

St. Johns Ch urch 2001 0.018 0.082 (08/10 ) 0 † 0

. 0 6 6 (08/10 ) 0.059 (08/12 ) 0 0

. 0 5 5

DEQ# 23 306 EPA# 410052002 2 0 0 2 0

. 0 2 0 0

. 1 1 6 (07/22 ) 0 † 0

. 0 8 2 (07/22 ) 0.063 (08/13 ) 0 0

. 0 5 9

2 0 0 3 0

. 0 2 1 0

. 0 9 1 (06/07 ) 0 † 0

. 0 6 8 (06/06 ) 0.061 (07/28 ) 0 0

. 0 6 1

2 0 0 4 0

. 0 1 7 0

. 0 9 4 (07/24 ) 0 † 0

. 0 7 7 (07/24 ) 0.054 (08/15 ) 0 0

. 0 5 9

2 0 0 5 0

. 0 1 6 0

. 0 8 3 (05/27 ) 0 † 0

. 0 6 3 (05/27 ) 0.05 (8/14 ) 0 0

. 0 5 5

Sauvie Island (SIS) 1 9 9 4 0

. 0 2 3 0

. 1 0 2 (07/20 ) 0 0

. 0 8 6 (07/20 ) 0.062 (07/21 ) 1 0

. 0 6 6 †

Social Se curit y Beach 1995 0.022 0.103 (07/18 ) 0 0

. 0 8 9 (07/18 ) 0.061 (07/17 ) 1 0

. 0 6 3 †

DEQ# 14 152 EPA# 410090004 1 9 9 6 0

. 0 2 6 0

. 0 9 6 (08/10 ) 0 0

. 0 8 4 (07/13 ) 0.076 (07/26 ) 0 0

. 0 6 6 †

1 9 9 7 0

. 0 2 2 0

. 0 8 1 (07/04 ) 0 † 0

. 0 6 4 (07/04 ) 0.053 (05/11 ) 0 0

. 0 6 3

1 9 9 8 0

. 0 2 3 0

. 0 9 3 (07/26 ) 0 † 0

. 0 7 7 (07/27 ) 0.066 (08/28 ) 0 0

. 0 6 5

1 9 9 9 0

. 0 2 1 0

. 0 7 0 (07/09 ) 0 † 0

. 0 5 6 (07/09 ) 0.049 (09/22 ) 0 0

. 0 5 6

2 0 0 0 0

. 0 2 2 0

. 0 8 0 (06/04 ) 0 † 0

. 0 6 6 (06/27 ) 0.054 (06/03 ) 0 0

. 0 5 6

2 0 0 1 0

. 0 2 5 0

. 0 8 9 (08/10 ) 0 † 0

. 0 6 8 (08/10 ) 0.056 (05/10 ) 0 0

. 0 5 3

2 0 0 2 0

. 0 2 5 0

. 0 8 4 (07/10 ) 0 † 0

. 0 6 7 (08/13 ) 0.061 (06/12 ) 0 0

. 0 5 7

2 0 0 3 0

. 0 2 5 0

. 0 8 8 (09/03 ) 0 † 0

. 0 7 3 (09/03 ) 0.069 (07/28 ) 0 0

. 0 6 2

2 0 0 4 0

. 0 2 3 0

. 0 7 4 (07/24 ) 0 † 0

. 0 6 1 (07/23 ) 0.058 (07/22 ) 0 0

. 0 6 2

2 0 0 5 0

. 0 2 3 0

. 0 8 (08/04 ) 0 † 0

. 0 6 4 (08/04 ) 0.055 (08/14 ) 0 0

. 0 6 1

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 39 of 56STATION LOCATION AND N U MBE R Year SUMMER AVERAGE 1- HOUR MAXIMUM (date ) # OF DAYS >0. 1 2 5

ppm 8- HOUR AVERAGE MAXIMUM 4 TH HIGHEST 8- HOUR AVERAGE # OF DAYS >0. 0 8 5

ppm 3 YEAR AVG OF 4 TH HIGH

Vancouv er Area 1 9 9 5 0

. 0 2 1 0

. 1 1 7 (7/19 ) 0 n / a n / a 0 n / a

Mountain Vie w Hig h School 1 9 9 6 0

. 0 2 2 0

. 1 1 2 (07/19 ) 0 n / a n / a 0 n / a

1500 SE Blairmont Dr. 1997 0.02 0.077 (07/04 ) 0 n / a n / a 0 n / a

Vanco u v e r 1 9 9 8 0

. 0 2 1 0

. 1 0 2 (07/28 ) 0 0

. 0 7 8 (07/27 ) 0.07 (08/28 ) 0 n / a

AIRS #5301 1 0011 1999 0.021 0.080 (09/22 ) 0 0

. 0 6 1 (07/09 ) 0.057 (08/23 ) 0 n / a

2000 0.021 0.104 (06/04 ) 0 0

. 0 7 3 06/04) 0.059 (06/27 ) 0 0

. 0 6 2

2001 0.022 0.089 (05/22 ) 0 0

. 0 7 1 (08/10 ) 0.063 (06/20 ) 0 0

. 0 6

2 0 0 2 0

. 0 2 3 0

. 0 8 6 (07/10 ) 0 0

. 0 7 3 (7/22 ) 0.056 (06/25 ) 0 0

. 0 5 9

2 0 0 3 0

. 0 2 6 0

. 0 9 8 (09/03 ) 0 0

. 0 7 7 (09/03 ) 0.069 (06/07 ) 0 0

. 0 6 3

2 0 0 4 0

. 0 2 1 0

. 0 8 3 (08/09 ) 0 0

. 0 6 6 (07/24 ) 0.056 (06/21 ) 0 0

. 0 6 0

2 0 0 5 0

. 0 2 3 0

. 0 9 0 (05/27 ) 0 0

. 0 7 6 (05/27 ) 0.057 (08/19 ) 0 0

. 0 6 1

*Parts pe r mil lion † The 8ho ur ozo ne sta nda rd be cam e effective in 199 8; 1-ho ur valu es are no lon g e r evaluated fo r attainment p u rpo s e s

. The 8 hr stan dard i s the 3-year average of the 4 th highest value.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 40 of 56

### Appendix 2

1992 to 200 5 Meteorological Fact o rs Conducive to Ozone Formation in the Portla nd-Vancouver Area (ODEQ, April 2006)

Anthony Barnack Air Quality Division Oregon Dep a rtment of Environmenta l Quality (503) 229-5713

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 41 of 56

### Appendix 3 Emission Inventory

The Portland-Vancouver AQMA wa s designate d “Unclassif i able/Attainment” with the 8-hour ozone Natio nal Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) on Ap ril 30, 2004 ( 69FR 23829-30), as demonstrated through air quality mo nitoring data. EPA requires this maintenance plan to demonstrate continued compliance f o r at least ten years following EPA d e signation. WSU performed a modeling analysis with SWCAA an d DEQ that f o recasted o z one levels t o 2015 and determined that these ar eas will cont inue to meet the standar d.

Both Portland and Vancouver maint enance plan s accommodate future growth and provides for the protectio n of public h ealth by ensuring compliance with th e 8-hour ozone standar d. These maintenance plans cont inue emissio n reduction strategies n eeded to maintain compliance. To approve the maintenance plan, EPA requires per manent and enforceable reductions in emissions to remain in effect through out the maintenance period.

This emission inventory is provided in compli ance with published EPA re quirements to formulate a strategy to maintain the NAAQS a s a part of e a ch state’s r e visions to it s State Implementation Plan (SIP). The principa l components for development and documentation for the maintenance plan inventories include stationary point source s, stationary area source s, non-road mobile
sources, on- road mobile sources, b i o genic emi ssion sources, quality assu rance implementation, and emissio n s summaries. Countywide estimates are used to facilit ate comparison with future year National Emission s Inventory submitta ls. The emissio n s inventory for the PortlandVancouver AQMA (Ore gon portion) includes Clackamas, Multnomah and Washingto n counties; The emissio n s inventory for the Washington portion include s Clark county. Complete copies of these emission inventories are on file at SWCAA or DEQ a nd are available upon re quest.

The WSU modeling stud y (Appendix 4) details th e emissions inventory th at was used to validate the model and evaluate the 2015 simulation. The model meteorology was based on a July 1998 episode in w h ich the Por t land area violated the o ne-hour ozo ne NAAQS at the Carus monitoring site.

Point source emissions f r om sources that are not Title 5 point sources we re inventoried by DEQ regional staf f and SWCAA staff using the followin g parameters:

Geographic Area VOC NOx CO AQMA >10 tons/year >40 tons/year >100 tons/year 25-mile buffer >100 tons/year >40 tons/year >100 tons/year Modeling domain >100 tons/year >40 tons/year >100 tons/year

For point so urces, SWCAA used 2002 ‘actual’ d a ta generated from point source ann ual reports for the attain ment year in ventory. For 2015, SWCAA and DEQ develope d two different growth scenarios fo r major industrial (point) sources. Th e scenario s are describe d in detail in Section 5.0 of this plan.

In this docu m ent, the terms “annual emissions” and “typical summer da y” emissions are used to categorize t he estimated emissions for a particular time period. The annu al emissions, in tons per year, are a total amount of emissions for the source cate gory that occurred throu ghout the year. Typical summer d a y emissions are those produced on a hot summer weekday. The typical summer day e m i ssions, in po unds per da y, are based on the ozon e season pe riod from May 1 st 

### through the end of Septemb e r as one in which, histor ically, the 8- hour ozone standard would most likely be exceeded.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 42 of 56

### Percentages reported b e low reflect anthropogenic (human-caused) emissions; biog enic emissions h a ve been subtracted fro m the total when calculating percen t ages except when reporting on biogenic e m issions the m selves.

Annual Emission Invent ory The attainment year emi ssion invent ory (2002) for area sour ces, non-roa d mobile and on-road mobile sources and Tit l e 5 point so urces was d e veloped from the DEQ and SWCAA 2002 Consolidate d Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR) National Emission Inventory (NEI) submittal. For point so urces, DEQ and SWCAA used 2002 data gene rated from point source annual reports for t he attainment year inve ntory.

Fireplace an d woodstove emissions were includ ed in the an nual emissio n values, but not in the typical summer day val ues. Wildfire s, prescribe d fires and structural fire s were not included in either the an nual averages or the typical summer day values. These sour ces were no t significant in 2002 and n o t expected to be signif i cant in 2015. Because the maintenance area is predominantly urban/suburban, large wildfires an d pr escribed fires are not common; th erefore, emissions fr om these sources are in significant. St ructural fir e s are also considered insignificant

sources.

The annual emission inventories are summarized in Tables 1 0 and 11 below. The annual emissions a r e included f o r ease of comparison with future year CERR National Emission Inventory su bmittals.

Table 10: Portland Are a VOC and NO x 

### Emissi ons (tons/ y ear)

Por t land Ar ea VO C Em is s i ons P o r t land Area NO x E m i ssi o n s Cl ac k a m a s , Mu l t n o m a h

, W a s h i ngton Co un ti e s ) ( C l a c k a m a s , Mu l t n o m ah, W a s h i n gton Co unti e s )

S ourc e T y p e2002Actual2015Projection(nogrowthallowance)2015MaintenanceDemonstration

So ur c e T y pe2002Actual2015Projection(nogrowthallowance)2015MaintenanceDemonstration

AREA 9 2 ,946 10 8,109 10 8,109 AR EA 5,80 8 5 ,8 22 5,82 2 N O N

- R O A D 13 ,2 6 0 13 ,3 0 8 13 ,3 0 8 N O N

- R O A D 17 ,3 47 1 7

, 2 2 3 17 ,2 23 O N -ROAD 2 3,683 8,538 8,538 ON- R OAD 3 6,78 6 1 0

, 3 3 9 1 0,33 9 POINT 3 ,056 3,292 2 1 ,721 POINT 2 ,52 2 2

, 8 6 2 1 5,19 1 T o tal 1 3 2 ,944 13 3,246 15 1,675 T o tal 6 2,46 4 3 6

, 2 4 5 4 8,57 4



### Table 11 – Vancouver Area VOC a nd NOx Em issions (tons/ y ear)
Va ncouv e r A r ea VO C V anco uv er A r ea N O x Emi ssions (C lark C ount y ) (C la rk C o u n ty )

AR E A 11,636 1 4 ,891 1 4 ,891 A R EA 6 0 2 7 6 4 76 4 N O N R O AD 1,797 1,123 1,123 N O N R O AD 2,8 5 9 1 ,99 1 1,991 O N -R O A D 6 ,274 2,616 2,616 O N -R O A D 9 ,2 72 3,54 0 3 ,540 PO IN T 652 690 1,767 P O INT 1 ,111 1,13 1 4 ,191 T o t a l 20,359 1 9 ,320 2 0 ,397 T o tal 13,8 4 4 7 ,42 6 10,4862015 GrowthProjection2015MaintenanceDemonstration2015MaintenanceDemonstration

S ource Ty p e2002 Actual2015 GrowthProjection

Sourc e Typ e2002 Actual

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 43 of 56

### Typical Summer Da y Emission Invent ory
DOE genera t ed the typical summer d a y emission inventory for Area, Nonroad and On-road Mobile sources for SW CAA. For area sources and three non-road sou r ce categories (commercial marine, locomotives, aircraft), DOE used month and day-of-week profile s appropriate for each individual source category. On-road and all other n on-road sou r ces were specifically estimated for summer d a y condition s. The point sources wer e not adjust ed for a typical summer day as t hese source s operate at the same levels year ro und.

DEQ genera t ed the typical summer d a y emission inventory using the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions Modeling Syst em (SMOKE) model to make the seaso nal adjustm ents to the annual emissions invent ory. Co mplete descript i o n s of the se asonal adju s tment factors used to develop typical summer day emissions can be fo und in the In ventory Pre paration Pla n , available from DEQ. The SMOKE model wa s used to se as onally adjust the emissions for the CMAQ model validation, 2002 attainment inventory an d 2015 maintenance de monstration emissions inventories.

In both Washington and Oregon, fireplace and w oodstove emissions we re not includ ed in the seasonally- adjusted are a source inv entory because they would not likely be used dur ing meteorological condition s conducive to ozone for m ation (hot, stagnant su mmer da ys). Wildfires, prescribed fires and stru ctural fires were also n o t included in the 2002 Attainment Inventory an d 2015 maintenance demonstration inv entory because the modeling team’s research on source activity during the July 1998 episode indicated th at these emissions were not signif i ca nt during the 1998 episode. These sources we re not signif i cant on an a nnual basis either.

Summary o f Portland AQMA Emi ssions (Clackamas, Multnomah, and Washington Counties)

A summary of the Portland-Vancouver AQMA Ozone Maintenance Plan Emission Inventory for Point, Area, Non-road Mobile and On-road Mobile sources of VOC and NO x 

### em ission s is presented in the followin g section. P e rcentages r e flect anthro pogenic (hu m an-caused) emissions; b i ogenic emissions have been subtra cted from this summary. A full copy of the emission inventory is available upon request fro m DEQ.

Sou r c eSource

Ty p eType

AREA 253

, 871 29 1, 09 8 2 9 1

, 0 9 8 AREA 5, 52 9 6 ,157 6

, 157
BI OG E N IC 437

, 910 43 7, 91 0 4 3 7

, 9 1 0 BI OG E N IC 3, 89 0 3 ,890 3

, 890
NONRO A D 110

, 188 10 1, 69 9 1 0 1

, 6 9 9 NONRO A D 13 6, 71 3 95,638 95

, 638
ON- R OAD 139

, 542 5 4

, 5 2 1 5 4

, 5 2 1 ON- R OAD 2 1 6

, 7 5 0 68,910 68

, 910
POI N T 1 7

, 02 0 1 8, 30 4 1 1 9

, 9 4 3 POI N T 1 4, 91 3 16,783 86

, 780

---- --- --- ---- ---- -- ---- ---- -- ---- ---- -- -- ---- ---- --- ---- --- To t a l s 9 58,53 1 9 03,53 1 1 ,00 5 ,17 1 To t a l s 3 77,79 4 191 ,3 78 2 6 1

, 3 7 5 To t a l s Mi n u s Bioge nic 5 20,62 1 4 65,62 1 5 6 7 ,26 0 3 73,90 4 187 ,4 87 2 5 7

, 4 8 52002 Actual2015 GrowthProjection P o r t la nd A r e a V O C a nd NO x Emission s, ( l b / da y )
( C lac k a m a s , M u l t nom ah, W a s h ingt o n Cou n t i es)

- ---- ---- VOC, l b s p e r d a y

---- ---- - ---- ---- - NO x , l b s p e r d a y

---- ---- -2015 GrowthProjection2015MaintenanceDemonstration2015MaintenanceDemonstration2002 Actual

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 44 of 56

### 2002 Attainment Invent ory (Clackamas, Multnomah, and Washington C ounties)

During an ozone seaso n day, on-road mobile sources contr i bute 25% of the total VOC and 58% of the total NO x 

### air e m issions in the Oregon portion of the P o rtland-Vancouver AQMA. On-road mobile source emission s are based on motor ve hicle travel during a typical summer day. The seasonal ad justment factor reflects t he fact that emissions w ould like l y increase durin g the

summer mo nths when tourism traffic picks up. Gasoline vehicles contribute 24% of the VOC emissions a nd 34% of t he NO x 

### e m i ssions with in the on-road mobile cat egory; diesel vehicles contribute 2 4 % of the NO x 

### em ission s.
Stationary area sources comprise 54% of the tot a l VOC and 1% of the to tal NO x 

### air emissions in the Portland area on a typical summer day. Within the area source cate gory, surface coating contributes 32% of the t o tal VOC e m issions wh ile consume r solvents contribute 6 % and graphic arts contribu te 10% of th e VOC e m issions. NO x 

### emissions fr om area sources are insignificant.

Non-road mobile source s contribute 19% of the t o tal VOC an d 37% of th e total NO x 

### emissions on a typical summer da y. Off-highway diesel eq uipment comprises 21% of the daily NO x 

### emissions; 7 % of the tot a l VOC emi ssions or ig in ate from 2-cycle engines within the n on-road mobile source category.

Stationary point source s comprise 3% of the VOC and 4 % of the NO x 

### air emission in the Portland area on a typical summer d a y.

Biogenic emission s which are produced by vege tation (e.g. t e rpenes fro m pine trees) contribute 43% of the t o tal VOC du ring a typica l summer da y. Washington State University provi ded the biogenic emission s data and these e m issions ar e assumed to remain unchanged in t he future, although urb an development does modify the a m ount, location and type of vegetation over time.

2015 Maintenance Demonstration ( C lackamas, Multnomah, and Washin gton Counties) During an ozone seaso n day, on-road mobile sources contr i bute 12% of the total VOC and 39% of the total NO x 

### air e m issions in the Oregon portion of the P o rtland-Vancouver AQMA. On-road mobile source emission s are based on motor ve hicle travel during a typical summer day and the seasonal ad justment factor reflects t he fact that emissions w ould like l y increase durin g the

summer mo nths when tourism traffic picks up. Gasoline vehicles contribute 11% of the VOC emissions a nd 25% of t he NO x 

### e m i ssions with in the on-road mobile cat egory; diesel vehicles contribute 1 3 % of the NO x 

### em ission s.
Stationary area sources comprise 63% of the tot a l VOC and 3% of the to tal NO x 

### air emissions in the Portland area on a typical summer day. Within the area source cate gory, surface coating contributes 33% of the t o tal VOC e m issions wh ile consume r solvents contributes 9 % and graphic arts contribute 1 3 % of the VOC e m issio n s.

Non-road mobile source s contribute 22% of the t o tal VOC an d 52% of th e total NO x 

### emissions on a typical summer da y. Off-highway diesel eq uipment comprises 24% of the daily NO x 

### emissions.

Stationary point source s comprise 4% of the VOC and 9 % of the NO x 

### air emissions in the Portland area on a typical summer d a y.

Biogenic emission s which are produced by vege tation (e.g. t e rpenes fro m pine trees) contribute 44% of the t o tal VOC du ring a typica l summer da y. Washington State University provi ded the

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 45 of 56

### biogenic emission s data and these e m issions ar e assumed to remain unchanged in t he future, although urb an development does modify the a m ount, location and type of vegetation over time.

Summary o f Vancouver Emissions (Clark Co unty , Wash ington)

A summary of the Vancouver Area Ozone Maintenance Pla n Emission I n ventory for Point, Area, Biogenic, N on-road Mobile and On-road Mobile sources is p r esented in t he following section. A full copy of t he emission inventory is available u pon request from SWCAA.

V a nc ouver A r e a V O C an d N O X E m is si ons, P ounds pe r S e as on D a y (Cl a rk Coun t y ) --- V O C

, l b s p e r d a y --- --- N O X , l b s p e r day ---

S ourceSource

Ty p eType

A R E A 18

, 0 14 2 1

, 8 60 21

, 8 60 A R EA 665 786 786
B I OGE N I C 7 9

, 4 1 7 7 9, 4 1 7 7 9

, 4 1 7 B I O G E N I C 965 965 965
NO NR OAD 1 5

, 3 7 4 9

, 3 39 9

, 3 3 9 N ON R O A D 23, 222 1 5

, 183 15, 183
ON -RO A D 3 8

, 3 1 5 1 6, 0 2 6 1 6

, 0 2 6 O N

- R O AD 50, 495 1 9

, 482 19, 482
P O I N T 3

, 5 72 3

, 78 0 9, 68 2 P O I N T 6

, 089 6, 197 22, 965

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- - ---------- -- -------- T o tal s 154,692 1 30,421 136,323 T ota ls 81,436 4 2 ,613 59 ,381 A nth rop o g eni c T o tal s 7 5,2 75 5 1,0 04 80 ,47 1 4 1,6 482015GrowthProjection2015MaintenanceDemonstration2002Actual2015GrowthProjection2015MaintenanceDemonstration2002Actual



### 2002 Attainment Invent ory (Clark County) Biogenic emission s contr i bute 51% of the total VOC during a typical ozone season day. Biogenic emission s data was provided by Washi ngton State University and are assumed to remain unchanged in the future, altho ugh urban development does modify the amount, location and type of vegetation over time.

During an ozone seaso n day, on-road mobile sources contr i buted 51% of the total h u mancaused vola tile organic compound (VOC) and 6 3 % of the t o tal nitrogen oxides (NOx) air emissions in the Vancou ver area. On-road mobile source emission s are based on motor vehicle travel during a t y pical summer day. The seasonal ad justment factor reflects t he fact that emissions w ould like l y increase durin g the summer months when tourism traffic pi cks up.
Stationary area sources in 2002 comprised 24% of the total a n thropogenic VOC and 1% of the NOx air emi ssions in the Vancouver area on a typical summer day. The largest cont ributors of emissions fr om this cate gory are architectural co atings and d egreasing.

Non-road mobile source s contribute 20% of the t o tal anthrop ogenic VOC and 29% of the total NOx air emi ssions o n a typical summer day. Emissions fro m lawn and garden equipment are the majority contributors of ozone pre c ursors from this sour ce category.

Stationary point source s comprised 5% of the a n thropogenic VOC and 8 % of the NOx air emission in t he Clark co unty area on a typical su mmer da y in 2002

2015 Maintenance Demonstration ( C lark County) Biogenic emission s which are produced by vege tation (e.g. t e rpenes fro m pine trees) contribute 61% of the t o tal VOC du ring a typica l summer da y. The estimated emission values used for

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 46 of 56

### 2015 biogen ic emission s are the same values used for 2002 estimates. Washington State University provided the biogenic emissions data a nd these emission s are assumed to remain unchanged in the future, although ur ban development does modify the a m ount, location and type of vege tation over time.

In the 2015 maintenance demonstration, during an ozone se ason day, on-road mobile sources would contribute 31% of the total VOC and 47% of the total NO x 

### air e m issions in the Vancouver portion of th e Portland-Vancouver AQMA. On -road mobile source emissions are ba sed on motor vehicle travel during weekdays as a typica l summer da y reflecting increased to urist traffic.

Stationary area sources are predicte d to be 43% of the total VOC and 2 % of the tot a l NO x 

### air emissions in the Vancou ver area on a typical su mmer da y in 2015.

Non-road mobile source s are project ed to contrib u te 18% of t he total VOC and 36% of the total NO x 

### e m issions on a typical summer day.

Stationary point source s emissions in the Vanco u ver area using the growth projection numbers are projecte d to represe n t only 7% of the VOC a nd 15% of t he NOx emi ssions o n a typical

sum m e r day.

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### Appendix 4 Modeling and Maintenance Demonstration

WSU Model ing Stud y The Oregon Dept. of Environmental Quality, Washington De pt. of Ecolog y (Ecology), Southwest Clean Air Agency (SWCAA), Washington State University (WSU) and EPA Region 10 teamed together to perform photochemical modeling for the Portland-Vancouver Air Quality Maintenance Area to improve our understandin g of the pote n tial for ozo ne exceedances in the future. The modeling work involved simulation of a July 1998 episode meteorology that had the highest ozo ne levels ob served in recent years. The model results were compared to available observed data, and the 1 998 episode was used a s a basis for evaluation of future year (2015) growth projections.

The agencie s contracted with WSU to use the CMAQ dispersion model t o help asse ss the status of the Portland-Vancouver airshed with respect to the n a tional ambient air qualit y standard for tropospheric ozone. Th e Turner monitoring sit e is included within the modeling domain and allowed DEQ to asses t he status of the Salem-Keizer airshe d at the same time.

The modeling effort is do cumented in the report, “Historical an d Future Ozone Simulations Using the MM5/SMOKE/ C MAQ System in the Po rtland-Vancouver Area” (WSU, De cember 31, 2005), in this Appendix. Although most of the modeling effor t has been p e rformed by WSU, DEQ recently developed the technical capability to run the SMOKE and CMAQ simu lations inhouse.

2015 Projection The “managed growth projection simulation” in th e WSU mod e ling report is the modeling results described a s the “2015 Projection” in the Portland-Vancouver Ozone Maintenance Plan. The emission inventory that was used in that modeling simulation is detailed in an append ix to the WSU report.

2015 Maintenance Demonstration The “2015 Maintenance Demonstration” in the Portland-Vancouver uses the same emission inventory as the “2015 Projection,” e x cept for point sources. Point source s within Oregon were based on th e maxi mum allowable pe rmitted emission limits ( P lant Site Emission Limits), and within Wash ington were based on allowables proportional to Oregon counties for Wa shington sources. A point source growth allo wance was added to bot h inventories: 5000 ton s VOC and 5000 tons NO x 

### were add ed to areas zoned for in dustrial gro w th in the Oregon portio n of the Portland-Vancouver AQMA, and a p r oportional a m ount of 411 tons of VOC and 1313 tons of NOx was added to areas zoned for in dustrial gro w th in the Washington p o rtion of the PortlandVancouver AQMA.

The results of the modeled attainment test are d e scribed in Appendix 6.

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### Appendix 5

Economic Report to the Metro Coun cil 2000-2030 Regional Forecast for the Portland-Vancouver Metropol itan Area (Data Resource Center, Metro, December 2002 final draft)

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### Appendix 6 Modeled At tainment Test

Appendix 6 details how SWCAA, Ec ology and DEQ applied the modeled attainment test to the 2015 Maintenance Demonstration modeling resu lts.

The modeled attainment test is an e x ercise in which an air q uality model is used to simulate current and future air qu ality. The 8-hour NAAQS for ozone requires the fourth highe st 8-hour daily maxi mum ozone concentration , averaged over three consecutive years, to be le ss than 80 ppb 6 

### . The r e commende d attainment test is one in which model estimate s are used in a “relative” rather than “absolute“ sen s e. That is, t a ke the ratio of the model’s future to current (baseline) pr edictions at ozone monitors. EPA ca lls these ratios “relative reduction factors”. Future ozon e concentrat i ons are est i mated at exi s ting monito ring sites by multiplying a modeled relative reduction factor at location s near each monitor by the observation-based, monitorspecific, “ba s eline” ozon e design value. The resulting predicted future co ncentrations are compared to 84 ppb.

For more information, see “Guidance on the Use of Models and Other An alyses in Att a inment Demonstrations for the 8

- hour Ozone NAAQS” (EPA-450/R-0 5 -002, October, 2005).

6 

### Because of rounding co nventions in which non- si gnificant figures are tr uncated, a modeling estimate of <85 ppb is e quivalent to <= 84 ppb. Attainment is demonstrated when a modeling target of fut u re estimates of ozone concentration s are <=84 ppb.

Vanco u ver O z on e Plan November 2, 2006 50 of 56P o r t land-V a ncouv e r A Q M A A n aly s i s of 8-H our Oz one M a inten a nce using t h e C M A Q dis p er sion model

S t ep 1

. Cur r e nt Des i gn V a lue (19 98 "obser v e d" v a l u es)

Y ear Ca ru s Mi lwa u k ie Sa uv ie Is la nd Mt Vie w Tu rn e r Wi s h r a m 199 6-19 98 1 997 -199 9 199 8-20 00 199 6 9 9 8 5 7 6 8 1 9 2 7 0 C aru s 81 72 73 7 5 .0 199 7 6 2 5 4 5 3 5 3 6 1 6 0 M il w auk i e 67 55 56 5 9 .3 199 8 8 1 6 1 6 6 6 9 7 7 6 3 S au vi e Islan d 65 56 56 5 9 .1 199 9 7 2 5 1 4 9 5 7 6 5 6 3 M t V i ew 68 60 61 6 2 .9 200 0 6 5 5 6 5 4 5 8 5 9 6 6 T urn e r 7 7 6 8 6 7 7 0.4 Wi s h r a m 6 4 6 2 6 4 6 3

. 4

S t ep 2

. D e te rm ination of M a intena nce , 20 15 pr oje c tion i n cludin g gr ow th al low a nc e

Car u s

1 9 0 8 6 2 9 7 9 2 3 1 0 7 103 Mea n 75. 0 9 8 9 4 0 .95 5 71. 7

Mi lw a u k i e

1 8 6 9 3 2 9 1 9 2 3 9 8 102 Mea n 59. 3 9 2 9 6 1 .04 6 62. 1

Sa uv ie I s l a nd

1 7 0 6 9 2 9 0 7 9 3 8 7 8 0 Mea n 59. 1 8 2 7 6 0 .92 3 54. 5

Mt n V i ew

1 7 6 8 1 2 8 6 7 7 3 8 8 8 7 Mea n 62. 9 8 3 8 1 0 .97 5 61. 3

Tu r n e r

1 7 4 6 4 2 1 0 1 8 8 3 8 9 7 3 Mea n 70. 4 8 8 7 5 0 .85 2 60. 0

Wi s h r a m

1 5 5 5 1 2 5 6 5 1 3 5 9 5 2 Mea n 63. 4 5 7 5 2 0 .91 0 57. 7 19 98 B a s e l i n e 8- H o u r Ma x 201 5 P r ed icted 8- Hour Max Rel a ti ve R e ductio n F a ctor ( RRF ) Fut u re Des i gn V a lu e (DV F )

Da y Cur r e nt Design Va l u e ( D V C ) 19 98 B a s e l i n e 8- H o u r Ma x 201 5 P r ed icted 8- Hour Max Rel a ti ve R e ductio n Factor ( RRF ) Fut u re Des i gn V a lu e ( DV F ) Da y Cur r e nt Design Va l u e ( D V C )

Da y Cur r e nt Design Va l u e ( D V C ) 19 98 B a s e l i n e 8- H o u r Ma x 201 5 P r ed icted 8- Hour Max

Da y Cur r e nt Design Va l u e ( D V C ) 19 98 B a s e l i n e 8- H o u r Ma x 201 5 P r ed icted 8- Hour Max

19 98 B a s e l i n e 8- H o u r Ma x 201 5 P r ed icted 8- Hour Max Rel a ti ve R e ductio n Factor ( RRF ) Fut u re Des i gn V a lu e ( DV F )

Rel a ti ve R e ductio n Factor ( RRF ) Fut u re Des i gn V a lu e ( DV F )

Rel a ti ve R e ductio n Factor ( RRF ) Fut u re Des i gn V a lu e ( DV F )

Da y Cur r e nt Design Va l u e ( D V C ) 19 98 B a s e l i n e 8- H o u r Ma x 201 5 P r ed icted 8- Hour Max Rel a ti ve R e ductio n F a ctor ( RRF ) Fut u re Des i gn V a lu e (DV F ) Da y Cur r e nt Design Va l u e ( D V C ) Cur r e n t Des i gn Va lu e ( D VC) 4 th H i gh ( p pb ) M oni tori ng Sit e D e s i gn Val u es

*The Wishram m onitoring site is n o t w i thin the Portl and-V ancouver AQMA or Salem Area Ozone Maintenance Plan ar eas. Wishram data is included here fo r in formational pur poses only

.

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### Appendix 7 Vancouver Control Strategies

SWCAA Re gulations

SWCAA 40 0 - General Regulations for Air Pollut i on Sources, last update d 12/16/05 400-030 – Definitions – strikeout prop osed versio n, (last adop ted 11/9/03) 400-101 – Sources Exempt from Registration R equirements – strikeout version (last adopted 11/ 9/03) 400-109 – Air Discharge Permit Applications (Not ice of Const r uction), as adopted 12/16/05 400-110 – New Source Review, as adopted 11/ 9/03 400-111 - Requirements for New So urces in a M a intenance Plan Area - strikeout proposed version, (last a dopted 11/9/ 03) 400-112 – Requirements for New So urces in No nattainment Areas (as a dopted 11/9/ 03) 400-113 - Requirements for New So urces in an Attainment or Nonclassifiable Area – strikeout ver s ion with pr oposed cha nges (last a dopted 11/9/ 03) 400-114 - Requirements for Replace m ent of Sub s tantial Alter a tion of Emission Contr o l Technology at an Existing Stationary Source, (as adopted 11/ 9/03) 400-116 – Maintenance of Equipment, (as ado pted 11/9/03 ) 400-190 – Requirements for New So urces in No nattainment Areas, (as a dopted 11/9/ 03)

SWCAA 49 0- Emission Standards and Controls for Sources Emitting Volatile Organic Compounds , adopted March 18, 200 1, no curren t rulemaking

SWCAA 49 1- Emission Standards and Controls for Sources Emitting Ga soline Vapor s, adopted March 18, 2001, no curr ent rulemaking

SWCAA 49 3- VOC Are a Source Rules, adopted May 25, 19 96, no curre nt rulemaking

Washington State Regulations Chapter 173 422 WAC Motor Vehicle Emission I n spection, e ffective date June 3, 200 2 (supporting sections 42 2-030, 422-050, 422-060, 422-070, 422-170, 422-190, entir e 173-422 included)

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### Appendix 8 Other Emission Reductio n Programs Information

Commute Trip Reduction Program Inf o rmation

Commute Trip Reduction Efficiency Act Frequently Asked Qu estions and Presentatio n

Washington State Department of Transportation CTR Performance Gran ts Information

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### Appendix 9 Vancouver Attainment Area Map a nd Description

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### Southw est Clean Air Agenc y Main tenance Area Map

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### Description of the Vancouver Ozone and Carbon Monox ide Maintenance Area Boundary

The ozone a nd carbon monoxide mai n tenance ar ea boundary descriptio n begins at th e northwest corner at the intersectio n of the sectio n line on the south side of Section 3 6 of T4N.R1W a nd the north side of Sect ion 1 of T3N.R1W. The boundary turns southwa r d following the east sho r es of Lake River, until it would inter s ect with the 14900 block NW, then easterly to join with NW 149th Street. This boun dary runs until it meets t he western edge of Inte rstate 5, then north t o 159th Street and east on 159th Street to the ea st side of N E 50th Aven ue. On 50th Avenue the boundary runs south unt il it jo ins the south bank of Salmon Creek, following the south branch of the cree k until it rea c hes NE Caples Road, t hen southerly on the we st side of Caples Road (currently SR-502) until it inter s ect s with NE 144th Street. The boundary continues eastward along the sout h side of NE 144th Street following th e 14400 blo ck plane to where it would join with the west side of NE 212 Avenue, then southward to the so uth side of NE 109th Street. The boundary continues east on NE 109th Street, then southerly along the west side of NE 232 Ave nue to where the 23200 block jo ins with the northern edge of NE 58th Street. The boundary continues east on NE 58th Street until t he 5800 blo ck interse c ts with the western edge of Livingston Road. The boun dary follows Livingston Road South until it turn s into NE 292nd Aven ue. Staying on the plane of the 2920 0 block, the boundary proceeds sout h until it joins SE Bla i r Road. The boundary follows along t he south-west side of Blair Road so utheastward to its interse c tion with Washougal River Road. The boundary proceeds east w ard at the northern edge of the 2000 block t o SE 20th Street. The b oundary continues east on SE 20th Street until it intersect s t he western edge of SE Jennings Ro ad (352nd Avenue), then south along the 49 00 plane to SE 49th Ave nue. The bo undary follows the 4900 plane south until it intersects Evergreen Bo ulevard (the eastern edg e of current Washougal City limits). The boundary continues sout h along the Washougal City limits to the State border along the section line on the west side of Section 21 o f T1N.R4E. The boundary follows the Clark County line (State boundary) down t he Columbia River until it connect s at the north west corner of the boundary at the section line of Sectio n 36 of T4N.R1W and the north side of Section 1 of T3N.R1W.

Note: The Columbia River is the co mmon boun dary shared by Washington and Oregon for the Portland-Vancouver carbon monoxi de and ozon e non-attain ment area.

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