II 

115TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 1410 

To further the development of unmanned aircraft system technology through 

investing in additional research, building a trained workforce, and establishing working groups to address near-term and long-term challenges, 

and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JUNE 22, 2017 

Mr. WARNER (for himself, Mr. HOEVEN, Ms. CORTEZ MASTO, and Mr. HELLER) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to 

the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 

A BILL 

To further the development of unmanned aircraft system 

technology through investing in additional research, 

building a trained workforce, and establishing working 

groups to address near-term and long-term challenges, 

and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Safe Development, Re5 search, and Opportunities Needed for Entrepreneurship 

6 Act of 2017’’ or the ‘‘Safe DRONE Act of 2017’’. 


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1 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

2 Except as otherwise specifically provided, in this Act, 

3 the terms ‘‘unmanned aircraft’’, ‘‘unmanned aircraft sys4 tem’’, and ‘‘small unmanned aircraft’’ have the meanings 

5 given those terms in section 331 of the FAA Moderniza6 tion and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–95; 49 

7 U.S.C. 40101 note). 

8 SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON EMERGENCY EXEMPTION 

9 PROCESS. 

10 It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator 

11 of the Federal Aviation Administration should comply as 

12 soon as possible, and not later than 60 days after the date 

13 of the enactment of this Act, with the requirement under 

14 section 2207 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security 

15 Act of 2016 (Public Law 114–190; 49 U.S.C. 40101 note) 

16 to publish guidance for applications for, and procedures 

17 for the processing of, on an emergency basis, exemptions 

18 or certificates of authorization or waiver for the use of 

19 unmanned aircraft systems by or on behalf of civil or pub20 lic operators in response to a catastrophe, disaster, or 

21 other emergency to facilitate emergency response oper22 ations, such as firefighting, search and rescue, post-cata23 strophic response operations, such as utility and infra24 structure restoration efforts, and the safe and prompt 

25 processing, adjustment, and payment of insurance claims. 


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1 SEC. 4. PLAN FOR FULL OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY OF UN2 MANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS TRAFFIC MAN3 AGEMENT. 

4 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Transportation, 

5 in coordination with the Administrator of the National 

6 Aeronautics and Space Administration and industry stake7 holders, shall develop an implementation plan to achieve 

8 full operational capability of unmanned aircraft systems 

9 traffic management (in this section referred to as 

10 ‘‘UTM’’) and ensure the safety and security of all aircraft. 

11 (b) REQUIREMENTS.—In developing the plan re12 quired by subsection (a), the Secretary shall— 

13 (1) establish a timeline for certifying an oper14 ational capability of UTM as safe and approved for 

15 use; 

16 (2) establish criteria to be used to certify a 

17 UTM system under paragraph (1), including the 

18 demonstration and validation of such a system at 

19 the test ranges designated under section 332(c) of 

20 the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 

21 (Public Law 112–95; 49 U.S.C. 40101 note); and 

22 (3) outline the roles of industry and govern23 ment in establishing an operational UTM. 

24 (c) ASSESSMENTS.—The plan required by subsection 

25 (a) shall include an assessment of various components necVerDate Sep 11 2014 04:07 Jul 04, 2017 Jkt 069200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1410.IS S1410

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1 essary for and possible with the full operational capability 

2 of UTM, including— 

3 (1) identification of unmanned aircraft systems 

4 in the national airspace system; 

5 (2) deconfliction of unmanned aircraft systems 

6 in the national airspace system; 

7 (3) mitigation of effects of unmanned aircraft 

8 systems in the national airspace system; 

9 (4) the extent that UTM may rely on or use re10 sources of the Federal Government; 

11 (5) the need for additional detect-and-avoid 

12 technologies to detect cooperative and noncoopera13 tive aircraft; 

14 (6) interoperability with traditional air traffic 

15 management services and technology; 

16 (7) the potential for UTM to manage higher al17 titude operations of unmanned aircraft systems and 

18 unmanned aircraft systems weighing more than 55 

19 pounds; and 

20 (8) cybersecurity protections and national secu21 rity benefits. 

22 (d) DEADLINE.—Not later than one year after the 

23 date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall— 

24 (1) complete the plan required by subsection 

25 (a); 


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1 (2) submit the plan to— 

2 (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, 

3 and Transportation of the Senate; and 

4 (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and 

5 Technology and the Committee on Transpor6 tation and Infrastructure of the House of Rep7 resentatives; and 

8 (3) publish the plan on a publicly accessible 

9 Internet website of the Federal Aviation Administra10 tion. 

11 SEC. 5. COMMUNITY AND TECHNICAL COLLEGE CENTERS 

12 OF EXCELLENCE IN SMALL UNMANNED AIR13 CRAFT SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY TRAINING. 

14 (a) DESIGNATION.—Not later than 120 days after 

15 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 

16 Transportation, in consultation with the Secretary of Edu17 cation and the Secretary of Labor, shall, subject to para18 graph (2), designate consortia of public, 2-year institu19 tions of higher education as Community and Technical 

20 College Centers of Excellence in Small Unmanned Aircraft 

21 System Technology Training (in this section referred to 

22 as the ‘‘Centers of Excellence’’). 

23 (b) FUNCTIONS.—The Centers of Excellence shall 

24 seek to expand their capacity to train students for career 

25 opportunities in industry and government service related 


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1 to the use of small unmanned aircraft systems, including 

2 by— 

3 (1) admitting more students; 

4 (2) training faculty; 

5 (3) expanding facilities; 

6 (4) establishing new career pathways from sec7 ondary school to associate degree and baccalaureate 

8 degree programs; and 

9 (5) awarding credit for prior learning experi10 ence, including military service. 

11 (c) EDUCATION AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS.— 

12 The Centers of Excellence shall address education and 

13 training requirements associated with various types of 

14 small unmanned aircraft systems, components, and related 

15 equipment, including with respect to— 

16 (1) multi-rotor and fixed-wing small unmanned 

17 aircraft; 

18 (2) flight systems, radio controllers, compo19 nents, and characteristics of such aircraft; 

20 (3) routine maintenance, uses and applications, 

21 privacy concerns, safety, and insurance for such air22 craft; 

23 (4) hands-on flight practice using small model 

24 quadcopters and computer simulator training; 


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1 (5) use of small unmanned aircraft in various 

2 industry applications and local, State, and Federal 

3 Government programs and services, including in ag4 riculture, law enforcement, monitoring oil and gas 

5 pipelines, natural disaster response and recovery, 

6 fire and emergency services, and other emerging 

7 areas; 

8 (6) Federal policies concerning small unmanned 

9 aircraft; 

10 (7) dual credit programs to deliver small un11 manned aircraft training opportunities to secondary 

12 school students; and 

13 (8) training with respect to sensors and the 

14 processing, analyzing, and visualizing of data col15 lected by small unmanned aircraft. 

16 (d) COLLABORATION.—The Centers of Excellence 

17 shall seek to collaborate with institutions participating in 

18 the Alliance for System Safety of UAS through Research 

19 Excellence of the Federal Aviation Administration and 

20 with the test ranges designated under section 332(c) of 

21 the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public 

22 Law 112–95; 49 U.S.C. 40101 note). 

23 (e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

24 are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of 


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1 Transportation $5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 

2 2018 through 2023 to carry out this section. 

3 (f) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—In this 

4 section, the term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the 

5 meaning given the term in section 101 of the Higher Edu6 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001). 

7 SEC. 6. INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP ON COORDINATED 

8 FEDERAL POLICY FOR COMMUNICATIONS 

9 AMONG UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS. 

10 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con11 gress that— 

12 (1) a Federal policy for communications among 

13 unmanned aircraft systems, which may include com14 munications through spectrum, wireless, or broad15 cast networks, or other means, requires coordination 

16 among Federal agencies in order to facilitate the 

17 safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems into 

18 the national airspace system; and 

19 (2) a policy described in paragraph (1) should 

20 ensure safety, promote investment, and foster inno21 vation to benefit all unmanned aircraft systems 

22 stakeholders, including manufacturers, operators, 

23 and consumers. 

24 (b) ESTABLISHMENT OF WORKING GROUP.—Not 

25 later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this 


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1 Act, the Assistant Secretary and the Chairman shall es2 tablish a working group to make recommendations with 

3 respect to the coordination of Federal policy for commu4 nications among unmanned aircraft systems to facilitate 

5 the safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems into the 

6 national airspace system. 

7 (c) MEMBERSHIP.— 

8 (1) IN GENERAL.—The working group estab9 lished under subsection (b) shall be composed of 

10 Federal stakeholders described in paragraph (2) and 

11 non-Federal stakeholders described in paragraph 

12 (3). 

13 (2) FEDERAL STAKEHOLDERS.—The Federal 

14 stakeholders described in this paragraph are rep15 resentatives of— 

16 (A) the National Telecommunications and 

17 Information Administration; 

18 (B) the Federal Communications Commis19 sion; 

20 (C) the Federal Aviation Administration; 

21 (D) the National Aeronautics and Space 

22 Administration; 

23 (E) the Department of Defense; 

24 (F) the Department of Homeland Security; 

25 (G) the Department of Justice; and 


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1 (H) any other Federal agency the Assist2 ant Secretary considers appropriate. 

3 (3) NON-FEDERAL STAKEHOLDERS.—The non4 Federal stakeholders described in this paragraph are 

5 representatives of— 

6 (A) unmanned aircraft systems manufac7 turers; 

8 (B) unmanned aircraft systems operators; 

9 (C) customers or end users of data col10 lected by unmanned aircraft systems operators; 

11 (D) unmanned aircraft systems technology 

12 providers; 

13 (E) commercial radio spectrum license 

14 holders; 

15 (F) operators of commercial services in un16 licensed spectrum allocations; 

17 (G) commercial radio equipment manufac18 turers; 

19 (H) appropriate standards-setting organi20 zations; and 

21 (I) the test ranges designated under sec22 tion 332(c) of the FAA Modernization and Re23 form Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–95; 49 

24 U.S.C. 40101 note). 


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1 (d) CONSIDERATIONS.—In making recommendations 

2 under subsection (b), the working group established under 

3 that subsection shall consider current and anticipated 

4 communications needs for unmanned aircraft systems, in5 cluding the development of— 

6 (1) sense-and-avoid and detect-and-avoid tech7 nology; 

8 (2) payload data transmissions; 

9 (3) communications link integration in un10 manned aircraft systems; 

11 (4) appropriate standards for communications 

12 links for various altitudes, aircraft, and operations; 

13 (5) traditional and unmanned aircraft system 

14 air traffic management technology; 

15 (6) command and control at high altitudes; 

16 (7) shared spectrum access and management 

17 technologies, including dynamic spectrum-sharing 

18 schemes, contention-based protocols, and cognitive 

19 radio capabilities; 

20 (8) internationally harmonized communications 

21 standards; and 

22 (9) radio-frequency communications security 

23 standards. 

24 (e) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than one year 

25 after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually 


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1 thereafter through January 1, 2023, the Assistant Sec2 retary shall submit to Congress a report on the status of 

3 the development of a Federal policy for communications 

4 among unmanned aircraft systems, including— 

5 (1) a summary of considerations under sub6 section (d); and 

7 (2) recommendations for legislative or regu8 latory action related to that policy that is necessary 

9 to facilitate the safe integration of unmanned air10 craft systems into the national airspace system. 

11 (f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

12 (1) ASSISTANT SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Assist13 ant Secretary’’ means the Assistant Secretary of 

14 Commerce for Communications and Information. 

15 (2) CHAIRMAN.—The term ‘‘Chairman’’ means 

16 the Chairman of the Federal Communications Com17 mission. 

18 SEC. 7. INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP ON ENHANCED 

19 SAFETY AND SECURITY FOR SMALL UN20 MANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS. 

21 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 

22 date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of 

23 the Federal Aviation Administration, in coordination with 

24 the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall establish an 

25 interagency working group— 


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1 (1) to examine methods and structures to en2 hance the safety and security of expanded operations 

3 by small unmanned aircraft that involve operations 

4 beyond the visual line of sight of the operator and 

5 over people; and 

6 (2) to clearly delineate roles and responsibilities 

7 among agencies participating in the working group 

8 in determining proper safety and security-related ob9 ligations and oversight. 

10 (b) MEMBERSHIP.—The interagency working group 

11 established under subsection (a) shall, in addition to the 

12 Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration and 

13 the Secretary of Homeland Security, be composed of the 

14 following: 

15 (1) The Secretary of Defense. 

16 (2) The Attorney General. 

17 (3) The Director of the Federal Bureau of In18 vestigation. 

19 (4) The heads of such other Federal agencies as 

20 the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Adminis21 tration considers appropriate. 

22 (c) CONSULTATIONS.—The interagency working 

23 group established under subsection (a) shall regularly con24 sult with representatives of— 


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1 (1) unmanned aircraft systems industry organi2 zations and stakeholders; and 

3 (2) the test ranges designated under section 

4 332(c) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act 

5 of 2012 (Public Law 112–95; 49 U.S.C. 40101 

6 note). 

7 (d) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 

8 of the enactment of this Act, the interagency working 

9 group established under subsection (a) shall— 

10 (1) develop conclusions and recommendations 

11 with respect to the matters specified in that sub12 section; and 

13 (2) submit to Congress a report on such conclu14 sions and recommendations. 

15 (e) RULEMAKING.—Not later than 270 days after the 

16 date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of 

17 the Federal Aviation Administration shall release for pub18 lic comment a notice of proposed rulemaking to modify 

19 part 107 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to allow 

20 for operations by small unmanned aircraft, including oper21 ations over people, operations beyond the visual line of 

22 sight of the operator, operations at night, and operations 

23 of multiple unmanned aircraft systems by a single remote 

24 pilot. 


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1 SEC. 8. EXTENSION OF PILOT PROGRAM FOR INTEGRATION 

2 UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS INTO THE 

3 NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM. 

4 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 332(c)(1) of the FAA 

5 Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112– 

6 95; 49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended by striking ‘‘Sep7 tember 30, 2019’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 2024’’. 

8 (b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

9 are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator of 

10 the Federal Aviation Administration $14,000,000 for each 

11 of fiscal years 2018 through 2024 to carry out the pilot 

12 program under section 332(c) of the FAA Modernization 

13 and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–95; 49 U.S.C. 

14 40101 note), to be distributed among the test ranges des15 ignated under that section for further research and devel16 opment on the safe integration of unmanned aircraft sys17 tems into the national airspace system. 

18 SEC. 9. EXCEPTION FOR HOBBYIST-OPERATED SMALL UN19 MANNED AIRCRAFT. 

20 (a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi21 sion of law, a person may operate an unmanned aircraft 

22 without specific operating authority from the Federal 

23 Aviation Administration if— 

24 (1) the aircraft is flown strictly for hobby or 

25 recreational use; 


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1 (2) the aircraft is operated in accordance with 

2 the safety guidelines of a community-based organiza3 tion that have been published in a publically acces4 sible format by the Federal Aviation Administration; 

5 (3) the aircraft is not flown beyond visual line 

6 of sight of the person operating the aircraft or per7 sons colocated with and in direct communication 

8 with the person operating the aircraft; 

9 (4) the aircraft is operated in a manner that 

10 does not interfere with and gives way to any manned 

11 aircraft and does not pose undue hazard to any 

12 other aircraft, obstacle, or person; 

13 (5)(A) the operator— 

14 (i) obtains prior authorization from 

15 air traffic control before operating in Class 

16 B, Class C, or Class D airspace or within 

17 the lateral boundaries of the surface area 

18 of Class E airspace designated for an air19 port; and 

20 (ii) complies with all temporary and 

21 permanent airspace restrictions in place 

22 for the furtherance of security and law en23 forcement interests; or 

24 (B) in the case of an operator conducting 

25 operations from a permanent location within 


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1 such airspace or a community-based organiza2 tion conducting a sanctioned event at a fixed 

3 site within such airspace, establishes a mutually 

4 agreed upon operating procedure with the air5 port operator and the airport air traffic control 

6 tower (when an air traffic facility is located at 

7 the airport); 

8 (6) the aircraft is flown from the surface to not 

9 more than 400 feet above ground level, except under 

10 special conditions and programs established by a 

11 community-based organization; 

12 (7) the aircraft is registered and marked in ac13 cordance with chapter 441 of title 49, United States 

14 Code, and proof of registration is made available to 

15 the Administrator or a law enforcement agency upon 

16 request; and 

17 (8) the operator has completed an online safety 

18 course administered by the Federal Aviation Admin19 istration for the operation of unmanned aircraft sys20 tems under this section, and proof of completion of 

21 the safety course is made available to the Adminis22 trator or a law enforcement agency upon request. 

23 (b) UPDATES.— 

24 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in col25 laboration with government and industry stakeVerDate Sep 11 2014 04:07 Jul 04, 2017 Jkt 069200 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1410.IS S1410

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1 holders, including community-based organizations, 

2 shall initiate a process to periodically update the 

3 operational parameters under subsection (a), as ap4 propriate. 

5 (2) CONSIDERATIONS.—In updating an oper6 ational parameter under paragraph (1), the Admin7 istrator shall consider— 

8 (A) appropriate operational limitations to 

9 mitigate aviation safety risk and risk to the un10 involved public; 

11 (B) operations outside the membership, 

12 guidelines, and programming of a community13 based organization; 

14 (C) physical characteristics, technical 

15 standards, and classes of aircraft operating 

16 under this section; 

17 (D) trends in use, enforcement, or inci18 dents involving unmanned aircraft systems; 

19 (E) ensuring, to the greatest extent prac20 ticable, that updates to the operational param21 eters correspond to, and leverage, advances in 

22 technology; and 

23 (F) equipage requirements that facilitate 

24 operations and further integrate all unmanned 

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1 tem, such as through unmanned aircraft system 

2 traffic management and remote identification 

3 and tracking. 

4 (3) RULEMAKING.—The Administrator may 

5 prescribe regulations for hobbyist-operated small un6 manned aircraft based on the process established 

7 under paragraph (1). 

8 (c) RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec9 tion shall be construed— 

10 (1) to expand the authority of the Adminis11 trator to require operators of small unmanned air12 craft operating under an exemption under subsection 

13 (a) to be required to seek authorization from the Ad14 ministrator before conducting an operation in the 

15 national airspace system other than as required by 

16 subsection (a); or 

17 (2) to limit the authority of the Administrator 

18 to pursue an enforcement action against persons op19 erating small unmanned aircraft in violation of this 

20 section or any other provision of law. 

21 (d) LIST OF COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS.— 

22 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 

23 maintain on a publicly available Internet website of 

24 the Federal Aviation Administration a list of com25 munity-based organizations under which small unVerDate Sep 11 2014 04:07 Jul 04, 2017 Jkt 069200 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1410.IS S1410

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1 manned aircraft may be operated in accordance with 

2 subsection (a). 

3 (2) INCLUSION OF ORGANIZATIONS.—The Ad4 ministrator may include a community-based organi5 zation on the list required by paragraph (1) if the 

6 organization submits to the Federal Aviation Admin7 istration— 

8 (A) a statement that the organization 

9 meets the definition of ‘‘community-based orga10 nization’’ under subsection (e); and 

11 (B) the safety guidelines of the organiza12 tion. 

13 (3) REMOVAL.—The Administrator may remove 

14 a community-based organization from the list re15 quired by paragraph (1). 

16 (4) GUIDANCE.—The Administrator shall pub17 lish guidance on the process for including commu18 nity-based organizations on, and removing such or19 ganizations, from the list required by paragraph (1). 

20 (e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

21 (1) COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATION.—The 

22 term ‘‘community-based organization’’ means an or23 ganization that— 


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1 (A) represents the aeromodeling and hobby 

2 and recreational unmanned aircraft community 

3 within the United States; 

4 (B) provides its members a comprehensive 

5 set of safety guidelines that underscore safe op6 erations of unmanned aircraft within the na7 tional airspace system and the protection and 

8 safety of the general public on the ground; 

9 (C) develops and maintains mutually sup10 portive programming with educational institu11 tions, government entities, and other aviation 

12 associations; and 

13 (D) acts as a liaison with government 

14 agencies as an advocate for its members. 

15 (2) SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT.—The term 

16 ‘‘small unmanned aircraft’’ means an unmanned air17 craft that— 

18 (A) is capable of sustained flight in the at19 mosphere; and 

20 (B) weighs less than 55 pounds, including 

21 the weight of anything attached to or carried by 

22 the aircraft, unless otherwise approved through 

23 a design, construction, inspection, flight test, 

24 and operational safety program administered by 

25 a community-based organization. 


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1 (f) CONFORMING REPEAL.—Section 336 of the FAA 

2 Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112– 

3 95; 49 U.S.C. 40101 note) and the item relating to that 

4 section in the table of contents for that Act are repealed. 

5 SEC. 10. ENSURING CONTINUED DEVELOPMENT OF UN6 MANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM INDUSTRY. 

7 Not later than 30 days after the date of the enact8 ment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Manage9 ment and Budget, consistent with section 4(c) of Execu10 tive Order 13771 (82 Fed. Reg. 9339; relating to reducing 

11 regulation and controlling regulatory costs), shall exempt 

12 from the definitions of ‘‘regulation’’ and ‘‘rule’’ for the 

13 purposes of that Executive order any final action taken 

14 by the Secretary of Transportation or the Administrator 

15 of the Federal Aviation Administration on or after Janu16 ary 30, 2017, primarily related to unmanned aircraft sys17 tems. 

18 SEC. 11. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE REPORT 

19 ON CYBERSECURITY AND OPERATIONAL 

20 CONCERNS. 

21 Not later than one year after the date of the enact22 ment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 

23 States shall submit to Congress a report— 


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1 (1) describing developments and protections re2 lating to cybersecurity and operational control con3 cerns with respect to unmanned aircraft systems; 

4 (2) making recommendations for developments 

5 and protections described in paragraph (1) that 

6 could better address such concerns; and 

7 (3) making recommendations for clearly defin8 ing Federal jurisdiction and oversight of unmanned 

9 aircraft system security matters. 

Æ 


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