integration. The two cases in the side hallway describe R&D o

Case Company Technology Year(s)

Modules—Projects that focus on developing better modules of a variety of technologies. 

Single-crystal Si to very fine-grained Si, with conversion efficiencies decreasing, but 

manufacturing costs also decreasing.

1 Shell Solar Industries. . . . . . . . . . Si: single-crystal Cz Si . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘91, ’92, ’94, ’98

(formerly Siemens Solar Industries)

2 RWE Schott Solar . . . . . . . . . . . . Si: single-crystal EFG Si. . . . . . . . . ‘91, ’92, ’94, ’98, ’01

(formerly ASE Americas, Mobil Solar Energy Corp.

3 Evergreen Solar, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . Si: single-crystal ribbon Si. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘98, ’01

4 BP Solar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Si: cast polycrystalline Si. . . . . . . . . . . ‘91, ’93, ’98, ’01

(formerly BP Solarex, Solarex)

5 AstroPower, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Si: fine crystalline Si . . . . . . . . . . . ‘91, ’92, ’94, ’98, ’01

6 Texas Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . Si: novel crystalline (spheral) Si . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘93

7 Iowa Thin Film Technologies . . . . Thin-film: single-junction a-Si . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘94

8 Energy Photovoltaics . . . . . . . . . . Thin-film: multijunction a-Si . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘01

9 Energy Conversion Devices . . . . . Thin-film: triple-junction a-Si. . . . . . . . ‘91, ’92, ’98, ’01

10 Global Solar Energy . . . . . . . . . . . Thin-film: CIGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘98, ’01

(in partnership with ITN Energy, Inc.)

11 Shell Solar Industries. . . . . . . . . . Thin-film: CIGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘01

(formerly Siemens Solar Industries)

12 First Solar, LLC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thin-film: CdTe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘91, ’93, ’98

(formerly Solar Cells, Inc.)

Case Company Technolo

Concentrators—Projects that focus on developing b

systems. Cells are very high efficiency and high cos

area of cells needed.

13T ENTECH, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Concen

13B Photovoltaics International . . . . . . . . Concen

Manufacturing Support—Projects that focus on feeds

14T Crystal Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Solar-g

14B STR, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PV enca

 (formerly Springborn Lab, Inc.)

15 Spire Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automa

16 Sinton Consulting, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . Monito

Systems Integrators—Projects that focus on puttin

functional system.

17 PowerLight Corporation. . . . . . . . . . . PowerG

18T RWE Schott Solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SunSin

(formerly Schott Applied Power Corp, Ascens

18M Solar Electric Specialties, Co. . . . . . . Modula

18B Solar Design Associates, Inc. . . . . . . AC PV s

Balance of Systems—Projects that focus on develo

the modules.

19 Xantrex Technology, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . Power 

(formerly Trace Engineering)

20T Utility Power Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Solar-tr

20M Omnion Power Engineering Corp. . . . Power c

20B Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.. . . . . Inverter 

2 4 5 8 9 10 

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1995

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1996

1997

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19