COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Chie f Judge Huff, Judge Humphreys and Senior Judge Bumgardner Argued at Roanoke, Virginia

RONALD WAYNE BRAY MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY v. Record No. 1128-14-3 JUDGE RUDOLPH BUMGARDNER, III NOVEMBER 17, 2015 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY Stacey W. Moreau, Judge Glenn L. Berger (Berger & Thor nhill, on brief), for appellant. Benjamin H. Katz, Assistant At torney General (M ark R. Herring, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Ronald Wayne Bray appeals his convictions of four counts each of selling alcoholic beverages without a license, Code § 4.1- 302, possessing a dangerous weapon while selling alcoholic beverages, Code § 4.1-318, and posse ssing or transporting alcoholic beverages on which taxes were not paid, Code § 4.1-313(A). 1 The twelve convictions arose out of four separate sales. He contends imposing separate sentences for each of the twelve offenses constituted double jeopardy and violated Code § 19.2-294. We conclude it did not and affirm. On February 7, February 22, April 19, and June 17, 2013, the defendant sold alcoholic beverages to undercover agents of the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control. He had no license to sell alcohol and had paid no taxes on the alcohol. A firearm was visible during each

* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opin ion is not designated for publication.

1 The defendant entered conditional guilty pleas to the alcohol-related offenses, as well as to a charge of maintaining a common nuisance. He does not challe nge his conviction of maintaining a common nuisance.UNPUBLISHED- 2 - sale. The trial court convicted the defendant of violating Code § 4.1-302, Code § 4.1-313(A), and Code § 4.1-318 on each offense date. The defendant asserts the trial court violated Code § 19.2-294 by sentencing him separately for each of the offenses. Code § 19.2-294 provides: If the same act be a violation of tw o or more statutes, or of two or more ordinances, or of one or more statutes and also one or more ordinances, conviction under one of such statutes or ordinances shall be a bar to a prosecution or proceeding under the other or others. However, Phillips v. Commonwealth, 257 Va. 548, 552, 514 S.E.2d 340, 342 (1999), held: “[T]he statute does not apply to simulta neous prosecutions, because only a prior conviction for the violation of an act will bar a later prosecution for the same act .” All of these prosecutions were simultaneous, not successive. Accordingly, the argument fails. The defendant maintains his separate punish ment for the twelve offenses was double jeopardy. “The Double Jeopardy Cl ause . . . provides that no person shall ‘be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.’ U.S. Const. amend. V. This protection applies both to successive punishments and to suc cessive prosecutions for the same criminal offense.” United States v. Dixon, 509 U.S. 688, 695-96 (1993). “[W]here the two offenses for which the defendant is punished or tried canno t survive the ‘same-elem ents’ test, the double jeopardy bar applies.” Id. at 696. Offenses are not “the sam e” when, viewed in the abstra ct, each requires proof of an element that the other does not. Cole man v. Commonwealth, 261 Va. 196, 200, 539 S.E.2d 732, 734 (2002). See also Payne v. Commonw ealth, 277 Va. 531, 540, 674 S.E.2d 835, 839 (2009). Code § 4.1-318 provides: “No person shall unla wfully manufacture, tr ansport or sell any alcoholic beverages, and at the time . . . have in his possession, actual or constructive, at or within 100 yards . . . any dangerous weapon as described in § 18.2-308.” Code § 4.1-313(A)- 3 - provides: “No person, other than a common carrier , shall have . . . [or] possess . . . alcoholic beverages upon which the tax imposed by the laws of the United States has not been paid.” Code § 4.1-302 makes it unlawful for “any person who is not licensed [to] sell[] any alcoholic beverages except as permitted by this title . . . .” These statutes define three distinct offenses because each contains an element the others do not. Code § 4.1-318 requires proof that the defendant possessed a dangerous weapon; the other two offenses do not. Code § 4.1-313(A) requi res proof that the defendant did not pay the required taxes; the other two offenses do not. Code § 4.1-302 requires proof that the defendant sold alcohol without a license; the other two offenses do not. Although prosecution of these three offens es involved some common evidence, when viewed in the abstract, no one offense contained all the elements of the other two offenses. The trial court did not err in convicting the defendant for each of the four sets of three offenses and for sentencing separately on each of the sepa rate convictions. Accordingly, we affirm. Affirmed.