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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
|Fact Sheet: Methods for Evaluating Wetland Condition

                    United States

                            Environmental Protection

                            Agency

                          Office of Water

                            4304

                          EPA-822-F-01-008

                            December 2001Wetland Module Series: Methods for Evaluating 

                      Wetland Condition

                    **Summary**

                    The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is publishing 

                      a series of modules, collectively titled "Methods for Evaluating 

                      Wetland Condition," to help states and tribes build their 

                      capacity to monitor and assess the biological and nutrient 

                      conditions of wetlands. Few states monitor wetland health 

                      or have fully incorporated wetlands into their water quality 

                      programs. These modules will provide information to state 

                      and tribal water quality managers on how to conduct ecological 

                      assessments of wetland health. The modules focus on biological 

                      and nutrient assessment techniques and can be used for the 

                      development of biological and nutrient criteria for wetlands. 

                      These modules also will serve as a basis for developing 

                      future EPA guidance for wetlands water quality.

                    **Background**

                    Wetlands are waters of the U.S. according to the Clean 

                      Water Act (CWA) and are included in state and tribal water 

                      quality standards as "waters of the State," although few 

                      states or tribes routinely monitor them. In the 1998 Water 

                      Quality Report to Congress, states and tribes cumulatively 

                      reported on the designated use support of 4% of the Nation's 

                      wetlands; only three states reported using wetland monitoring 

                      data as a basis for determining attainment of water quality 

                      standards.

                    Few states or tribes have fully incorporated wetlands into 

                      their water quality programs, and even fewer have developed 

                      designated uses and criteria specifically for wetlands. 

                      As a result, many designated uses and criteria applied to 

                      wetlands are not ecologically appropriate. Currently, 10 

                      states and tribes are working on biological assessment methods 

                      at some level; most states/tribes have not yet focused on 

                      wetland nutrient assessments. States and tribes want to 

                      monitor wetlands. However, they do not have the resources 

                      or knowledge base to effectively monitor and assess wetland 

                      systems.

                    **Why is EPA publishing these wetland modules?**

                    EPA is publishing these modules to help states and tribes 

                      and others who want to build their capacity to monitor wetland 

                      systems. EPA also intends to use this material to develop 

                      more detailed guidance on these topics.

                    **What are wetland biological assessments?**

                    Wetland biological assessments are an evaluation of the 

                      biological condition of a wetland. They are based on surveys 

                      of the diversity, composition, and functional organization 

                      of the community of resident wetland biota (e.g., macroinvertebrates, 

                      plants, amphibians, birds, amphibians, algae). Bioassessments 

                      often include the collection of some physical and chemical 

                      data.

                    **Why do biological assessments?**

                    Biological assessments are a powerful tool for evaluating 

                      the health of wetlands. The information they provide can 

                      lead to the development of biological criteria and ecologically-based 

                      designated uses for wetlands. In addition, biological assessments 

                      can be used to help evaluate the performance of restoration, 

                      best management practices (e.g., buffer strips), and other 

                      conservation actions.

                    **How do we assess the effects of nutrients on wetlands?**

                    The effects of nutrients on a wetland are assessed using 

                      ecological and biogeochemical parameters including landscape 

                      characterization, nutrient load estimation, hydrology, and 

                      analyses of soil, algae, vegetation, and water quality.

                    **Why assess nutrient effects?**

                    States and tribes identified excessive nutrient enrichment 

                      as one of the leading sources of water quality degradation 

                      in the U.S. The 1998 National Strategy for the Development 

                      of Regional Nutrient Criteria describes EPA's approach in 

                      developing nutrient criteria for all waterbody types including 

                      wetlands. The effects of nutrient enrichment on most wetlands 

                      are largely undocumented. Increased monitoring by states 

                      and tribes will help define nutrient effects and will provide 

                      data for developing wetland nutrient criteria.

                    **What topics do the modules address?**

                    The modules being released include: an introductory, administrative, 

                      and study design modules, and modules that provide guidance 

                      on the following topics: wetland plants, macroinvertebrates, 

                      algae, amphibians, birds, nutrient enrichment, classification, 

                      land-use characterization and volunteer monitoring. Additional 

                      modules will be added to this series. Biological and nutrient 

                      wetland assessments are relatively young fields experiencing 

                      rapid development, and this series of modules will serve 

                      to document the accumulating body of information. You can 

                      find a list of the modules available at the web site given 

                      below.

                    **Who wrote them?**

                    Government, private and academic members of the EPA Wetland 

                      Nutrient Criteria and the Biological Assessment of Wetlands 

                      Workgroups wrote these modules under the guidance of the 

                      EPA's Office of Science and Technology and Office of Wetlands, 

                      Oceans and Watersheds. All modules were reviewed by external 

                      experts.

                    **How do I get copies of these modules?**

                    You can get copies of the "Methods for Evaluating Wetland 

                      Condition" modules from the EPA National Service Center 

                      for Environmental Publications (NSCEP) by phone at (513) 

                      489-8190 or toll-free (800) 490-9198, or by e-mail to:[email protected]. 

                      To get them by conventional mail, write to NSCEP at 11029 

                      Kenwood Road, Cincinnati, OH 45242. You can also find the 

                      document at these Internet addresses:

                    http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/standards/nutrient.html. 

                           http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/bawwg/.
|Fact Sheet: Methods for Evaluating Wetland Condition

                    United States

                            Environmental Protection

                            Agency

                          Office of Water

                            4304

                          EPA-822-F-01-008

                            December 2001Wetland Module Series: Methods for Evaluating 

                      Wetland Condition

                    **Summary**

                    The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is publishing 

                      a series of modules, collectively titled "Methods for Evaluating 

                      Wetland Condition," to help states and tribes build their 

                      capacity to monitor and assess the biological and nutrient 

                      conditions of wetlands. Few states monitor wetland health 

                      or have fully incorporated wetlands into their water quality 

                      programs. These modules will provide information to state 

                      and tribal water quality managers on how to conduct ecological 

                      assessments of wetland health. The modules focus on biological 

                      and nutrient assessment techniques and can be used for the 

                      development of biological and nutrient criteria for wetlands. 

                      These modules also will serve as a basis for developing 

                      future EPA guidance for wetlands water quality.

                    **Background**

                    Wetlands are waters of the U.S. according to the Clean 

                      Water Act (CWA) and are included in state and tribal water 

                      quality standards as "waters of the State," although few 

                      states or tribes routinely monitor them. In the 1998 Water 

                      Quality Report to Congress, states and tribes cumulatively 

                      reported on the designated use support of 4% of the Nation's 

                      wetlands; only three states reported using wetland monitoring 

                      data as a basis for determining attainment of water quality 

                      standards.

                    Few states or tribes have fully incorporated wetlands into 

                      their water quality programs, and even fewer have developed 

                      designated uses and criteria specifically for wetlands. 

                      As a result, many designated uses and criteria applied to 

                      wetlands are not ecologically appropriate. Currently, 10 

                      states and tribes are working on biological assessment methods 

                      at some level; most states/tribes have not yet focused on 

                      wetland nutrient assessments. States and tribes want to 

                      monitor wetlands. However, they do not have the resources 

                      or knowledge base to effectively monitor and assess wetland 

                      systems.

                    **Why is EPA publishing these wetland modules?**

                    EPA is publishing these modules to help states and tribes 

                      and others who want to build their capacity to monitor wetland 

                      systems. EPA also intends to use this material to develop 

                      more detailed guidance on these topics.

                    **What are wetland biological assessments?**

                    Wetland biological assessments are an evaluation of the 

                      biological condition of a wetland. They are based on surveys 

                      of the diversity, composition, and functional organization 

                      of the community of resident wetland biota (e.g., macroinvertebrates, 

                      plants, amphibians, birds, amphibians, algae). Bioassessments 

                      often include the collection of some physical and chemical 

                      data.

                    **Why do biological assessments?**

                    Biological assessments are a powerful tool for evaluating 

                      the health of wetlands. The information they provide can 

                      lead to the development of biological criteria and ecologically-based 

                      designated uses for wetlands. In addition, biological assessments 

                      can be used to help evaluate the performance of restoration, 

                      best management practices (e.g., buffer strips), and other 

                      conservation actions.

                    **How do we assess the effects of nutrients on wetlands?**

                    The effects of nutrients on a wetland are assessed using 

                      ecological and biogeochemical parameters including landscape 

                      characterization, nutrient load estimation, hydrology, and 

                      analyses of soil, algae, vegetation, and water quality.

                    **Why assess nutrient effects?**

                    States and tribes identified excessive nutrient enrichment 

                      as one of the leading sources of water quality degradation 

                      in the U.S. The 1998 National Strategy for the Development 

                      of Regional Nutrient Criteria describes EPA's approach in 

                      developing nutrient criteria for all waterbody types including 

                      wetlands. The effects of nutrient enrichment on most wetlands 

                      are largely undocumented. Increased monitoring by states 

                      and tribes will help define nutrient effects and will provide 

                      data for developing wetland nutrient criteria.

                    **What topics do the modules address?**

                    The modules being released include: an introductory, administrative, 

                      and study design modules, and modules that provide guidance 

                      on the following topics: wetland plants, macroinvertebrates, 

                      algae, amphibians, birds, nutrient enrichment, classification, 

                      land-use characterization and volunteer monitoring. Additional 

                      modules will be added to this series. Biological and nutrient 

                      wetland assessments are relatively young fields experiencing 

                      rapid development, and this series of modules will serve 

                      to document the accumulating body of information. You can 

                      find a list of the modules available at the web site given 

                      below.

                    **Who wrote them?**

                    Government, private and academic members of the EPA Wetland 

                      Nutrient Criteria and the Biological Assessment of Wetlands 

                      Workgroups wrote these modules under the guidance of the 

                      EPA's Office of Science and Technology and Office of Wetlands, 

                      Oceans and Watersheds. All modules were reviewed by external 

                      experts.

                    **How do I get copies of these modules?**

                    You can get copies of the "Methods for Evaluating Wetland 

                      Condition" modules from the EPA National Service Center 

                      for Environmental Publications (NSCEP) by phone at (513) 

                      489-8190 or toll-free (800) 490-9198, or by e-mail to:[email protected]. 

                      To get them by conventional mail, write to NSCEP at 11029 

                      Kenwood Road, Cincinnati, OH 45242. You can also find the 

                      document at these Internet addresses:

                    http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/standards/nutrient.html. 

                           http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/bawwg/.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             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