# Patent

## Title
Payment of highway tolls via a mobile telecommunications network

## Abstract

Disclosed are method and apparatus for processing of highway toll payments by a mobile telecommunications service provider. A mobile telecommunications device communicates with a mobile telecommunications service provider. The mobile telecommunications service provider receives a request to calculate a route to a destination. The mobile telecommunications service provider determines the location of the mobile telecommunications device from a global navigation satellite system or from a mobile telecommunications network and calculates a route. The mobile telecommunications service provider then identifies toll booths along the calculated route. The mobile telecommunications service provider pre-pays the tolls. The mobile telecommunications service provider sends turn-by-turn instructions to the mobile telecommunications device and tracks the location of the mobile telecommunications device and records the date and time at which the mobile telecommunications device passes through a toll booth.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to payment of highway tolls, and more particularly to payment of highway tolls via a mobile telecommunications network.
Funding the construction and maintenance of highways via tolls collected from drivers is a common practice. Drivers pay tolls at toll booths erected along a highway, or at highway entrances and exits. Toll booths may also be erected at the entrances and exits of tunnels and bridges. The most established practice calls for a driver to stop and pay an attendant. Various automated schemes such as mechanized collection baskets for coins or tokens have evolved over the years. Recent systems use a radio frequency (RF) transceiver mounted on a car (mobile transceiver). As a car passes through a toll booth, an RF transceiver mounted in the toll booth (fixed transceiver) queries the mobile transceiver, which transmits a unique identification code linked to a payment account. The fixed transceiver receives the identification code and forwards it to a billing system, which then bills a payment account of the driver.
Although the RF transaction system is an improvement over previous schemes, it has several shortcomings, which include: (a) A highway authority incurs great expense to install infrastructure dedicated solely for toll collection. (b) Each vehicle that uses the RF transaction system is required to have a registered mobile transceiver. Problems may then arise if a driver rents a car or borrows a car that is not equipped with a registered mobile transceiver. (c) Not all RF transaction systems are compatible. A mobile transceiver which operates with an RF transaction system in one state does not necessarily operate with an RF transaction system in another state.
What is needed is a universal system for automated payment of highway tolls. A system that does not require dedicated infrastructure is advantageous.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In an embodiment of the invention, a mobile telecommunications device communicates with a mobile telecommunications service provider. The mobile telecommunications service provider receives a request to calculate a route to a destination. The mobile telecommunications service provider determines the location of the mobile telecommunications device from a global navigation satellite system or from a mobile telecommunications network and calculates a route. The mobile telecommunications service provider then identifies toll booths along the calculated route.
In an embodiment of the invention, the mobile telecommunications service provider pre-pays the tolls. The mobile telecommunications service provider sends turn-by-turn instructions to the mobile telecommunications device and tracks the location of the mobile telecommunications device and records the date and time at which the mobile telecommunications device passes through a toll booth.
These and other advantages of the invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1A-FIG. 1C show schematics of toll booths with location-tracking systems;
FIG. 2 shows a message flow diagram for processing payment of highway tolls via a mobile telecommunications network;
FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B show a flowchart of steps for a method for processing payment of highway tolls via a mobile telecommunications network; and
FIG. 4 shows a high-level schematic of a computer which may be used to implement a system for processing payment of highway tolls via a mobile telecommunications network.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Mobile telecommunications networks have been widely deployed, and the number of subscribers continues to increase. Mobile telecommunications devices, such as wireless phones and laptops outfitted with wireless modems, may transmit and receive multimedia content (voice, video, and data). Mobile telecommunications devices commonly operate on cellular networks, but may also operate on other wireless networks such as WiMax. Since several mobile telecommunications networks cover the entire country (international service may also be available), a single mobile telecommunications device may operate consistently across the country. Mobile telecommunications networks may also have the capability to track the location of a specific mobile telecommunications device. Embodiments of the invention use the location-tracking capability to determine when a vehicle carrying a mobile telecommunications device is passing through a specific toll booth.
There are several schemes for location tracking by a mobile telecommunications network. Three examples are shown in FIG. 1A-FIG. 1C. In FIG. 1A, vehicle 102 carries a mobile telecommunications device (MTD) 104. Herein, a vehicle refers to any entity subject to a toll when passing through a toll booth. Vehicles include cars, trucks, and motorcycles. MTD 104, for example, is a cell phone which the driver (also referred to as the subscriber) may conveniently carry from one vehicle to another. Radio frequency (RF) transmissions containing messages from MTD 104 are received by mobile telecommunications network 130, operated by a mobile telecommunications service provider (such as a cell phone service provider). Through a process of triangulation of RF signals received by cell tower 132-cell tower 136, the location of MTD 104 may be tracked. In FIG. 1A, for example, vehicle 102 is approaching toll booth 110. If triangulation by cell towers does not provide sufficient accuracy, a microcell transceiver 138 may be positioned in the vicinity of toll booth 110 (FIG. 1B). In one system configuration, a microcell transceiver is installed at each toll booth. In other system configurations, one or more microcell transceivers provide RF coverage for all toll booths at a toll plaza. Note that microcell transceiver 138 is not dedicated for the processing of toll payments. It is integrated into the overall mobile telecommunications network 130 and provides the same mobile telecommunications services as macrocell base stations, resulting in a seamless network.
Global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) may also be used for location tracking. They are capable of determining locations with high accuracy in near-real time. Examples of GNSSs include the Global Positioning System (GPS) [USA] and Global Orbital Navigation System (GLONASS) [Russia]. Other GNSSs, such as Galileo [European], are being planned. In the discussions below, GPS is used as a specific example of a GNSS. In GPS, a constellation of satellites transmit radio signals at a fixed carrier frequency. The two principal carrier frequencies are 1.57542 GHz (L1 carrier) and 1.22760 GHz (L2 carrier). The L1 carrier is modulated with a coarse acquisition (C/A) pseudorandom (PR) code, which is inversely modulated by binary information symbols. The PR code transmitted from a specific satellite uniquely identifies the specific satellite. Information carried in the radio signal includes the orbit position of the satellite. A single satellite channel refers to a (carrier, PR code) pair. A GPS receiver on Earth receives a satellite channel and decodes the information. From the delay time between the time of transmission of the PR code by the satellite and the time of reception of the PR code by the receiver, the distance between the receiver and the satellite may be calculated if the velocity of the radio signal is known. By calculating the distances between the receiver and several (typically four) satellites whose positions are known, the position of the receiver may be calculated. Higher accuracy may be achieved by tracking carrier phases and using advanced signal-processing techniques to correct for transmission anomalies.
Compact, low-power, low-cost GPS receivers have been integrated into mobile telecommunications devices. These mobile telecommunications devices are commonly referred to as GPS phones. The coordinates determined by the GPS receiver may then be transmitted by the GPS phone to the mobile telecommunications service provider, which may then track the location of the GPS phone in near-real time. Hybrid systems, commonly referred to as assisted GPS (A-GPS), integrate the location-tracking capabilities of GPS and mobile telecommunications networks. They have the capability of providing faster response times and wider coverage under a broader range of operating conditions than GPS by itself. In FIG. 1C, mobile telecommunications network 130 includes a GPS receiver 142 to provide A-GPS service. MTD 104 has a GPS receiver that communicates with GPS network 150. MTD 104 also receives A-GPS information from mobile telecommunications network 130.
Note that the location of MTD 104 may be tracked by combinations of the systems illustrated in FIG. 1A-FIG. 1C.
The capability to track the location of a GPS phone has allowed mobile telecommunications service providers to offer turn-by-turn (T-B-T) navigation services, similar to those provided by stand-alone GPS navigation systems. A subscriber communicates with the mobile telecommunications service provider via a GPS phone and activates the navigation service. The subscriber then enters the desired destination. The mobile telecommunications service provider determines the location of the GPS phone and, using a database of geographical information, plots a route to the destination. The routing information is transmitted to the GPS phone. Depending on the capabilities of the GPS phone, a map may be displayed on a video display, and T-B-T instructions may be provided to the driver via an audio announcement system.
FIG. 2 shows a message flow diagram between entities (parties) involved in an embodiment of the invention: subscriber 250, mobile telecommunications service provider 260, and highway toll authority 270. In general, more than one highway toll authority may be involved (for example, if the driver travels across more than one state). Subscriber 250 uses a mobile telecommunications device to communicate over a mobile telecommunications network with a communications system, which may include a computer or server, operated by mobile telecommunications service provider 260. Mobile telecommunications service provider 260 uses a communications system to communicate over a communications network, which may be wireless or land-line, with a communications system operated by highway toll authority 270 (as discussed below with respect to FIG. 4).
Subscriber 250 initiates the T-B-T service by sending T-B-T service request 202 to mobile telecommunications service provider 260, which consults its database of subscribers registered for the T-B-T service. If subscriber 250 is registered, then mobile telecommunications service provider 260 returns T-B-T service authorization 204 to subscriber 250. Subscriber 250 then sends destination 206 to mobile telecommunications service provider 260, which determines the location of subscriber 250, plots the route to the destination, and returns route information 208 to subscriber 250.
Route information 208 includes the location of toll booths and the amount of tolls to be paid. Subscriber 250 then sends toll pay service request 210 to mobile telecommunications service provider 260, which consults its database of subscribers registered for the toll pay service. If subscriber 250 is registered, then mobile telecommunications service provider 260 returns toll pay service authorization 212 to subscriber 250.
Information provided in toll pay service request 206 includes the license plate of the car that subscriber 250 is driving. Toll booths are typically equipped with cameras which photograph license plates. In the event of a suspected toll evader, the highway toll authority compares the license plate numbers against a database of subscribers to an automated toll payment system, such as the dedicated RF transaction system described earlier. If the license plate number is registered, then the toll is charged against the driver's account. If the license plate number is not registered, then the driver is sent a fine.
Mobile telecommunications service provider 260 sends toll registration information 214 to highway toll authority 270 that has jurisdiction over the toll booths along the planned route. As discussed above, more than one highway toll authority may be involved. Toll registration information 214 includes the license plate number of the vehicle that subscriber 250 is driving, the locations of the toll booths along the planned route, and advance payment (pre-payment) for the tolls (or authorization to charge a payment account for the tolls).
Mobile telecommunications service provider 260 sends T-B-T instructions 216 to subscriber 250, who then drives along the planned route. Location information 218 of subscriber 250 is constantly received by mobile telecommunications service provider 260, which tracks the location of subscriber 250 as a function of time. In an embodiment of the invention, mobile telecommunications service provider 260 records the location of subscriber 250 as a function of time. In particular, mobile telecommunications service provider 260 records the specific date and time at which subscriber 250 passes through a specific toll booth. If subscriber 250 deviates from the planned route, mobile telecommunications service provider 260 recalculates the route and sends updated toll registrations to highway toll authority 270.
At times agreed upon by mobile telecommunications service provider 260 and highway toll authority 270, highway toll authority 270 sends bill report 220 to mobile telecommunications service provider 260. Bill report 220 includes records of the toll transactions (as reported by license plate number) for subscriber 250. Mobile telecommunications service provider 260 then compares the entries in bill report 220 to its log of the toll booths passed by subscriber 250 and sends bill acknowledgement/adjustment 222 to highway toll authority 270. If there are any discrepancies, mobile telecommunications service provider 260 and highway toll authority 270 resolve the discrepancies according to a pre-determined dispute resolution procedure.
Mobile telecommunications service provider 260 periodically (for example, once a month) sends a bill 224 to subscriber 250. Highway toll charges, for example, may be included in the monthly cell phone bill. Subscriber 250 then sends payment 226 to mobile telecommunications service provider 260.
FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B show a flowchart of steps for processing payment of highway tolls via a mobile telecommunications network, as viewed from the perspective of mobile telecommunications service provider 260. In step 302 (FIG. 3A), mobile telecommunications service provider 260 receives T-B-T service request 202 from subscriber 250. The process then passes to step 304, in which mobile telecommunications service provider 260 sends T-B-T service authorization 204 to subscriber 250. The process then passes to step 306, in which mobile telecommunications service provider 260 receives destination 206 from subscriber 250. The process then passes to step 308, in which mobile telecommunications service provider 260 determines the location of subscriber 250 and calculates the route to the destination.
The process then passes to step 310, in which mobile telecommunications service provider 260 sends route information 208 to subscriber 250. In step 312, mobile telecommunications service provider 260 receives toll pay service request 210 from subscriber 250. The process then passes to step 314, in which mobile telecommunications service provider 260 sends toll pay service authorization 212 to subscriber 250. The process then passes to step 316, in which mobile telecommunications service provider 260 sends toll registration 214 to highway toll authority 270. The process then passes to step 318 (FIG. 3B), in which mobile telecommunications service provider 260 sends T-B-T instructions 216 to subscriber 250. In step 320, as the subscriber 250 drives along the route, mobile telecommunications service provider 260 receives location information 218 of subscriber 250.
In step 322, mobile telecommunications service provider 260 receives bill report 220 from highway toll authority 270. The process then passes to step 324, in which mobile telecommunications service provider 260 compares the entries in bill report 220 with the entries in its data log for subscriber 250. The process then passes to step 326, in which mobile telecommunications service provider 260 sends bill acknowledgement/adjustment to highway toll authority 270. If there are any discrepancies, mobile telecommunications service provider 260 and highway toll authority 270 resolve any disputes. For example, mobile telecommunications service provider 260 may present records showing whether or not subscriber 250 passed through a specific toll booth at a specific date and time. The process then passes to step 328, in which mobile telecommunications service provider 260 sends bill 224 to subscriber 250. In step 330, mobile telecommunications service provider 260 receives payment 226 from subscriber 250.
One embodiment of a highway toll payment system via a mobile telecommunications network may be implemented using a computer. As shown in FIG. 4, computer 402 may be any type of well-known computer comprising a central processing unit (CPU) 404, memory 406, data storage device 408, and user input/output interface 410. Data storage device 408 may comprise a hard drive, non-volatile memory, or other computer readable medium (such as a magnetic disk or compact disc read only memory). User input/output interface 410 may comprise connections to a user input/output device 430, such as a mouse or keyboard, which enable a user to operate computer 402.
As is well known, a computer operates under control of computer software which defines the overall operation of the computer and applications. CPU 404 controls the overall operation of the computer and applications by executing computer program instructions which define the overall operation and applications. The computer program instructions may be stored in data storage device 408 and loaded into memory 406 when execution of the program instructions is desired. The method steps shown in the flowchart in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B may be defined by computer program instructions stored in the memory 406 or in the data storage device 408 (or in a combination of memory 406 and data storage device 408) and controlled by the CPU 404 executing the computer program instructions. For example, the computer program instructions may be implemented as computer executable code programmed by one skilled in the art to perform algorithms implementing the method steps shown in the flowchart in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B. Accordingly, by executing the computer program instructions, the CPU 404 executes algorithms implementing the method steps shown in the flowchart in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B.
Computer 402 may further comprise a video display interface 412, which transforms signals from CPU 404 to signals which drive video display 432. Computer 402 may further comprise one or more network interfaces. For example, communications network interface 414 comprises a connection to communications network 434. Computer 402 may communicate with external servers, such as server 442, via communications network 434. Server 442, for example, may operate billing systems for mobile telecommunications service provider 260 or highway toll authority 270 (see FIG. 2). Communications network 434 may further communicate with mobile telecommunications network 130, which communicates over a wireless link with MTD 104 transported on vehicle 102 (see FIG. 1).
The foregoing Detailed Description is to be understood as being in every respect illustrative and exemplary, but not restrictive, and the scope of the invention disclosed herein is not to be determined from the Detailed Description, but rather from the claims as interpreted according to the full breadth permitted by the patent laws. It is to be understood that the embodiments shown and described herein are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention and that various modifications may be implemented by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art could implement various other feature combinations without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

## Claims

1. A method for processing payment of tolls by a mobile telecommunications service provider, the method comprising:
receiving, by a processor, a starting location of a mobile telecommunications device;
receiving, by the processor, a destination;
calculating, by the processor, a route from the starting location to the destination to generate a calculated route;
identifying, by the processor, a toll plaza comprising toll booths along the calculated route prior to the mobile telecommunications device arriving at the toll plaza;
recording, by the processor, based on a message from the mobile telecommunications device received at one of a plurality of microcell transceivers integrated into a mobile telecommunications network of the mobile telecommunications service provider and located in the vicinity of a respective toll booth, a date and time at which the mobile telecommunications device passes through the respective toll booth to generate a recorded date and time;
receiving, by the processor, a recorded toll transaction;
comparing, by the processor, the recorded date and time with the recorded toll transaction; and
upon determining a discrepancy between the recorded date and time and the recorded toll transaction, resolving, by the processor, the discrepancy.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
calculating turn-by-turn instructions based on the calculated route.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
sending the turn-by-turn instructions to the mobile telecommunications device.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
pre-paying a toll based on the toll plaza along the calculated route.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the mobile telecommunications device is transported by a vehicle identified by a license plate with a license plate number.

6. An apparatus for processing payment of tolls by a mobile telecommunications service provider, the apparatus comprising:
a processor; and
a memory to store computer program instructions, the computer program instructions when executed on the processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving a starting location of a mobile telecommunications device;
receiving a destination;
calculating a route from the starting location to the destination to generate a calculated route;
identifying a toll plaza comprising toll booths along the calculated route prior to the mobile telecommunications device arriving at the toll plaza;
recording, based on a message from the mobile telecommunications device received at one of a plurality of microcell transceivers integrated into a mobile telecommunications network of the mobile telecommunications service provider and located in the vicinity of a respective toll booth, a date and time at which the mobile telecommunications device passes through the respective toll booth to generate a recorded date and time;
receiving a recorded toll transaction;
comparing the recorded date and time with the recorded toll transaction; and
upon determining a discrepancy between the recorded date and time and the recorded toll transaction, resolving the discrepancy.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, the operations further comprising:
calculating turn-by-turn instructions based on the calculated route.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, the operations further comprising:
sending the turn-by-turn instructions to the mobile telecommunications device.

9. The apparatus of claim 6, the operations further comprising:
pre-paying a toll based on the toll plaza along the calculated route.

10. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer program instructions for processing payment of tolls by a mobile telecommunications service provider, which, when executed on a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving a starting location of a mobile telecommunications device;
receiving a destination;
calculating a route from the starting location to the destination to generate a calculated route;
identifying a toll plaza comprising toll booths along the calculated route prior to the mobile telecommunications device arriving at the toll plaza;
recording, based on a message from the mobile telecommunications device received at one of a plurality of microcell transceivers integrated into a mobile telecommunications network of the mobile telecommunications service provider and located in the vicinity of a respective toll booth, a date and time at which the mobile telecommunications device passes through the respective toll booth to generate a recorded date and time;
receiving a recorded toll transaction;
comparing the recorded date and time with the recorded toll transaction; and
upon determining a discrepancy between the recorded date and time and the recorded toll transaction, resolving the discrepancy.

11. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 10, the operations further comprising:
calculating turn-by-turn instructions based on the calculated route.

12. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising:
sending the turn-by-turn instructions to the mobile telecommunications device.

13. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 10, the operations further comprising:
pre-paying a toll based on the toll plaza along the calculated route.