FILED

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

October 25, 2006

THOMAS K. KAHN

CLERK

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

________________________

No. 06-11541

Non-Argument Calendar

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BIA Nos. A96-282-045 & A96-282-046

DAIRO FABIAN CARDONA, 

CLAUDIA LILIANA RESTREPO, 

Petitioners, 

versus 

U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL, 

Respondent. 

________________________

Petition for Review of a Decision of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

_________________________

(October 25, 2006)

Before TJOFLAT, MARCUS and WILSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

Dairo Fabian Cardona, representing the interests of himself and his wife,

Claudia Liliana Restrepo, petitions this court to review (1) the Board of
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia. 1

2

Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) order affirming the Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”)

decision finding him removable, and denying his application for asylum,

withholding of removal, and relief under the United Nations Convention Against

Torture (“CAT”), and (2) the BIA’s the denial of his motion to re-open removal

proceedings.

Cardona, a native and citizen of Colombia, S.A., contends that his

application for asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT protection should have

been granted on the basis of threats made upon him by guerilla FARC forces for 1

his refusal to let them use his farm to store arms and feed FARC members. The

Attorney General submits that we lack jurisdiction to review the BIA’s affirmance

of the IJ’s decision because Cardona did not file the instant petition for review

within 30 days of the BIA’s final removal order. 

Whether this court has jurisdiction over a particular case is a question of law

subject to plenary review. Mars v. Mounts, 895 F.2d 1348, 1351 (11th Cir. 1990). 

Title 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(1), which governs the filing deadline for petitions for

review of orders of removal, requires that such petitions be filed “not later than 30

days after the date of the final order of removal.” The statutory time limit for filing

is “mandatory and jurisdictional,” and not subject to equitable tolling. Dakane v.

United States Attorney General, 399 F.3d 1269, 1272, n.3 (11th Cir. 2004), citing
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Stone v. INS, 514 U.S. 386, 405, 131 L. Ed. 2d 465, 115 S. Ct. 1537 (1995). 

Furthermore, the filing deadline is not suspended or tolled by a petitioner’s filing

of a motion to reopen the removal proceedings. Id., citing Stone, 514 U.S. at 395.

The BIA’s final removal order issued on August 31, 2005. Cardona’s 

petition for review was filed on March 7, 2006, well over 30 days later. Cardona’s

motion to reconsider and reopen did not toll the statutory deadline, for the deadline

is not subject to equitable tolling. We therefore lack jurisdiction to review the final

order of removal. Cardona’s petition is timely, however, as to the BIA’s February

7, 2006, order denying his motion to reopen. 

Cardona contends that his motion to reopen should have been granted

because the documents attached to the motion included recent letters not available

at his asylum hearing. Cardona says that these recent letters, including several that

indicate the killing of a neighbor who refused to cooperate with the FARC, indicate

the potential danger he would face if returned to Colombia.

We review the BIA’s denial of a motion to reopen for abuse of discretion.

Mejia Rodriguez v. Reno, 178 F.3d 1139, 1145 (11th Cir. 1999). Motions to

reopen a final removal order must be filed no later than 90 days after the date on

which the final administrative decision was rendered in the proceeding sought to be

reopened. 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2). An exception to the filing deadline arises if

evidence of changed circumstances in the country of removal becomes available, 
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the evidence is material, and the evidence could not have been discovered for

presentation at the previous hearing. 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii).

The BIA’s final decision was made on August 31, 2005, meaning that

Cardona’s motion to reopen would have been due on November 29, 2005. 

Cardona did not file his motion until December 19, 2005. Thus, the BIA did not

abuse its discretion in finding that Cardona’s motion to reopen was barred by the

time restriction on a motion to reopen. Furthermore, the BIA did not abuse its

discretion in its finding that the documents attached to the motion did not

constitute evidence of changed country conditions and could have been previously

discovered. Each of these documents relates to the same persecution by the FARC

that Cardona described at his asylum hearing and does not establish a nexus

between the FARC’s actions and a protected ground, e.g., the applicant’s political

opinion. Thus, the BIA did not abuse its discretion in finding that Cardona would

not likely succeed in a reopened hearing. 

In sum, we dismiss the petition in part, and deny the petition in part.

SO ORDERED.