U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Stratigraphy and Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the 

St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and 

Evaluation of the Unit in the Viburnum Trend and 

Exploration Areas, Southeastern Missouri 

By Michael J. Kleeschulte1 and Cheryl M. Seeger2 

Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4329 

Rolla, Missouri 

2003 

1U.S. Geological Survey 

2Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey and Resource Assessment Division 
U.S. Department of the Interior

Gale A. Norton, Secretary 

U.S. Geological Survey

Charles G. Groat, Director 

The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement 

by the U.S. Geological Survey. 

For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: 

District Chief 

U.S. Geological Survey, WRD U.S. Geological Survey 

1400 Independence Road Branch of Information Services 

Mail Stop 100 Box 25286 

Rolla, Missouri 65401 Denver, CO 80225-0286 
CONTENTS

Abstract.................................................................................................................................................................................. 1


Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2


Purpose and Scope....................................................................................................................................................... 8


Exploration Borehole Data .......................................................................................................................................... 8


Geohydrologic Units.................................................................................................................................................... 9


Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................................................... 10


Stratigraphy ........................................................................................................................................................................... 10


Davis Formation .......................................................................................................................................................... 11


Derby-Doerun Dolomite.............................................................................................................................................. 15


Thickness and Net Shale Thickness of the St. Francois Confining Unit..................................................................... 15


Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity ............................................................................................................................................ 18


Methodology................................................................................................................................................................ 18


Evaluation of the St. Francois Confining Unit along the Viburnum Trend ................................................................. 20


Evaluation of the St. Francois Confining Unit along the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas ............................ 25


Summary and Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................... 27


References ............................................................................................................................................................................. 29


FIGURES 

1.	 Map showing location of the Viburnum Trend, exploration areas, and study area .............................................. 3


2.	 Stratigraphic column for an exploration hole in Reynolds County, Missouri, and a general lithologic


description of formations in the Viburnum Trend ................................................................................................ 5


3.	 Geohydrologic section from southeastern Crawford County along the Viburnum Trend to west-central 


Reynolds County................................................................................................................................................... 6


4.	 Borehole-numbering system used for this report.................................................................................................. 9


5. –10. Maps showing: 

5.	 Location of exploration boreholes ........................................................................................................... 12


6.	 Structure of the top of the Bonneterre Formation.................................................................................... 13


7.	 Structure of the top of the Davis Formation ............................................................................................ 14


8.	 Structure of the top of the Derby-Doerun Dolomite................................................................................ 16


9.	 Thickness of the St. Francois confining unit ........................................................................................... 17


10.	 Net shale thickness of the combined St. Francois confining unit and the upper Bonneterre


Formation................................................................................................................................................. 19


11. –12. Boxplots showing: 

11.	 The vertical hydraulic conductivity and porosity of the St. Francois confining unit and upper Bonneterre 


Formation plotted by formations and rock types along the Viburnum Trend....................................................... 23


12.	 The vertical hydraulic conductivity of the St. Francois confining unit and rock types along the 


Viburnum Trend and in the exploration areas....................................................................................................... 26


Contents iii 
TABLES 

1.	 Viburnum Trend core log analysis data ....................................................................................................................... 32


2.	 Adjacent property core log analysis data..................................................................................................................... 44


3.	 Porosity, vertical permeability, and vertical hydraulic conductivity data.................................................................... 54


4.	 Summary of Kruskal-Wallis statistical test p-values ................................................................................................... 22


5.	 Summary of vertical hydraulic conductivity values for the St. Francois confining unit along the Viburnum


Trend............................................................................................................................................................................ 24


VERTICAL DATUM 

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29). Altitude, as used 

in the report, refers to distance above or below NGVD 29. NGVD 29 can be converted to the North American Vertical Datum 

of 1988 (NAVD 88) by using the National Geodetic Survey conversion utility available at URL 

http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/Vertcon/vertcon.html. 

iv Contents 
Abstract 1

Stratigraphy and Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois 

Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Evaluation of the Unit in 

the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Southeastern Missouri

By Michael J. Kleeschulte1 and Cheryl M. Seeger2

Abstract

The confining ability of the St. Francois 

confining unit (Derby-Doerun Dolomite and Davis 

Formation) was evaluated in ten townships (T. 31–

35 N. and R. 01–02 W.) along the Viburnum Trend 

of southeastern Missouri. Vertical hydraulic conductivity data were compared to similar data collected during two previous studies 20 miles south 

of the Viburnum Trend, in two lead-zinc exploration areas that may be a southern extension of the 

Viburnum Trend. The surficial Ozark aquifer is the 

primary source of water for domestic and publicwater supplies and major springs in southern Missouri. The St. Francois confining unit lies beneath 

the Ozark aquifer and impedes the movement of 

water between the Ozark aquifer and the underlying St. Francois aquifer (composed of the Bonneterre Formation and Lamotte Sandstone). The 

Bonneterre Formation is the primary host formation for lead-zinc ore deposits of the Viburnum 

Trend and potential host formation in the exploration areas.

For most of the more than 40 years the 

mines have been in operation along the Viburnum 

Trend, about 27 million gallons per day were being 

pumped from the St. Francois aquifer for mine 

dewatering. Previous studies conducted along the 

Viburnum Trend have concluded that no large 

cones of depression have developed in the potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer as a result of 

mining activity. Because of similar geology, 

stratigraphy, and depositional environment 

between the Viburnum Trend and the exploration 

areas, the Viburnum Trend may be used as a pertinent, full-scale model to study and assess how 

mining may affect the exploration areas.

Along the Viburnum Trend, the St. Francois 

confining unit is a complex series of dolostones, 

limestones, and shales that generally is 230 to 280 

feet thick with a net shale thickness ranging from 

less than 25 to greater than 100 feet with the thickness increasing toward the west. Vertical hydraulic 

conductivity values determined from laboratory 

permeability tests were used to represent the St. 

Francois confining unit along the Viburnum 

Trend. The Derby-Doerun Dolomite and Davis 

Formation are statistically similar, but the Davis 

Formation would be the more hydraulically 

restrictive medium. The shale and carbonate values were statistically different. The median vertical hydraulic conductivity value for the shale 

samples was 62 times less than the carbonate samples. Consequently, the net shale thickness of the 

confining unit along the Viburnum Trend significantly affects the effective vertical hydraulic conductivity. As the percent of shale increases in a 

given horizon, the vertical hydraulic conductivity 

decreases.

The range of effective vertical hydraulic 

conductivity for the confining unit in the Viburnum Trend was estimated to be a minimum of 2 x 

10-13 ft/s (foot per second) and a maximum of 3 x 

10-12 ft/s. These vertical hydraulic conductivity 

1

U.S. Geological Survey

2Missouri Department of Natural Resources, 

Geological Survey and Resource Assessment Division
2 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri

values are considered small and verify conclusions 

of previous studies that the confining unit effectively impedes the flow of ground water between 

the Ozark aquifer and the St. Francois aquifer 

along the Viburnum Trend.

Previously-collected vertical hydraulic conductivity data for the two exploration areas from 

two earlier studies were combined with the data 

collected along the Viburnum Trend. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis statistical test shows the 

vertical hydraulic conductivity of the St. Francois 

confining unit along the Viburnum Trend, and 

west and east exploration areas are statistically different. The vertical hydraulic conductivity values 

generally are the largest in the Viburnum Trend 

and are smallest in the west exploration area. The 

statistical differences in these values do not appear 

to be attributed strictly to either the Derby-Doerun 

Dolomite or Davis Formation, but instead they are 

caused by the differences in the carbonate vertical 

hydraulic conductivity values at the three locations.

The calculated effective vertical hydraulic 

conductivity range for the St. Francois confining 

unit at each location is: 2 x 10-13 to 3 x 10-12 ft/s 

for the Viburnum Trend; 3 x 10-14 (minimum 

reporting level) to 1 x 10-12 ft/s for the west exploration area; and 3 x 10-13 to 2 x 10-12 ft/s for the 

east exploration area. Based on the calculated vertical hydraulic conductivity ranges, the St. Francois confining unit is considered ‘tight’ at all 

locations. However, in relation to each other, the 

west exploration area is the tightest, and the most 

conductive area is the Viburnum Trend. No apparent large cones of depression have developed in 

the potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer as 

a result of mining activity in the Viburnum Trend. 

Therefore, using similar mining practices as those 

along the Viburnum Trend, no large cones of 

depression in the Ozark aquifer would be expected 

in the exploration areas, unless preferred-path secondary permeability has developed along faults or 

fractures or resulted from exploration activities.

INTRODUCTION

Initial ore production from the first Viburnum 

area mine began in the 1960’s. Lead is the primary element extracted, but substantial amounts of zinc, copper, 

and silver also are mined. Other major ore bodies were 

discovered by 1964 along a 30-mi (mile) linear zone 

that is now referred to as the Viburnum Trend (Wharton, 1979; fig. 1). By 1970, two new smelters and five 

new mine-mill complexes were in operation. From the 

early 1970’s into the early 1990’s, lead and zinc production from the Viburnum Trend reached then record 

highs. Throughout the late 1970’s, the area was the 

largest lead producing area in the world, accounting for 

more than 15 percent of the total recorded world output.

The Bonneterre Formation of Upper Cambrian 

age is the primary host formation for the lead-zinc ore 

deposits of the Viburnum Trend, and together with the 

underlying Lamotte Sandstone forms the carbonate 

rock (dolostone and limestone) and sandstone St. Francois aquifer (figs. 2 and 3). The formation ranges from 

about 400 ft (feet) below land surface in the northern 

part of the Viburnum Trend to about 1,000 ft below 

land surface in the southern part (fig. 3). The St. Francois confining unit overlies the St. Francois aquifer and 

consists of dense carbonate and shale of the DerbyDoerun Dolomite and Davis Formation. The confining 

unit is considered the barrier that confined ascending 

ore-forming hydrothermal solutions to the Bonneterre 

Formation. Formations of Upper Cambrian and Lower 

Ordovician age consisting of the Potosi Dolomite to the 

Roubidoux Formation are exposed at land surface 

along the Viburnum Trend and overlie the St. Francois 

confining unit. These rocks form the Ozark aquifer, the 

primary source of water for private and public-water 

supplies and major springs in southern Missouri. The 

geologic names used in this report follow the nomenclature used by the Missouri Department of Natural 

Resources, Geological Survey and Resource Assessment Division (GSRAD), formerly known as the Division of Geology and Land Survey.

Mine dewatering before ore extraction is part of 

normal mine operation. Twenty-six million gallons of 

water per day were pumped from the St. Francois aquifer in 1971 (Warner and others, 1974) and in 1999 the 

total pumpage was slightly larger at 27 million gallons 

per day (Denis Murphy, The Doe Run Company, written commun., 2000). These withdrawal rates from the 

St. Francois aquifer are typical for the Viburnum Trend 

and have been occurring for most of the more than 40
Introduction 3
4 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri
Introduction 5
6 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri
Introduction 7

years the mines have been in operation. Previous studies conducted along the Viburnum Trend to assess the 

effects of mine dewatering in the St. Francois aquifer 

on water levels in the surficial Ozark aquifer have concluded that no large cones of depression have developed in the potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer 

as a result of mining activity. However, some localized 

leakage of water from the Ozark aquifer into the St. 

Francois aquifer probably is occurring at mine shafts, 

ventholes, and inadequately plugged exploration drill 

holes. Therefore, small areas of drawdown may exist 

(Warner and others, 1974; Miller and Vandike, 1997; 

Kleeschulte, 2001).

Fletcher (1974) states that faults along the Viburnum Trend can be grouped into three systems: the 

Palmer Fault system to the north, which includes the 

Conway Fault; the Black Fault in the east central part; 

and the Ellington Fault to the south (fig. 1). The Palmer 

Fault system forms the northern boundary of the Viburnum Trend and is a group of normal faults. McCracken 

(1971) describes the fault system as being 45 mi long 

consisting of one or more parallel faults cutting rocks 

from the Roubidoux Formation to the Precambrian 

basement rock. McCracken states the faults are all normal and high-angle with a maximum offset of 1,200 ft 

on the east side of the fault in Washington County, and 

offsets decreasing westward to 200 ft in Crawford 

County. Fletcher interpreted the stratigraphy so offsets 

did not exceed 150 ft. The Conway Fault was interpreted by Fletcher (1974) to be a left lateral wrench 

fault with a minor offset. The Black Fault has a displacement of 300 ft and brings the Potosi Dolomite 

(Ozark aquifer) in contact with the Bonneterre Formation (McCracken, 1971). The fault may extend northwest to connect with (or be cut off by) the Palmer Fault 

system. The Ellington Fault was interpreted by Fletcher 

(1974) as a normal fault, with the southern side being 

downthrown with a maximum offset that does not 

exceed 50 ft. Pratt (1982) shows a more detailed map 

than Fletcher (1974) of the faults along the Viburnum 

Trend; however, for the purposes of this report, a generalized overview of the major faults is sufficient without the multiplicity of minor displacement faults. 

Based on conversations with several mine geologists 

who have worked in the Viburnum Trend, they state 

that based on their experiences, permeability does not 

increase around the faults. Instead, the confining unit 

(Davis Formation in particular) is a vertical barrier to 

ground-water flow and the faults serve as lateral barriers.

From the 1960’s to the end of the 1990’s, lead 

and zinc exploration occurred in two exploration areas 

in the Doniphan/Eleven Point Ranger District of the 

Mark Twain National Forest (fig. 1). These exploration 

areas are 20 mi south of the Viburnum Trend, and a 

possible southern extension of the Trend. The exploration peaked in the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, resulting in several hundred exploration holes being drilled 

in the National Forest. The exploration areas lie within 

a larger region of well-developed karst terrain with an 

extensive network of solution-enlarged fractures ranging from small channels to large conduits. The two 

largest springs in Missouri (Big Spring and Greer 

Spring, fig. 1) are in this area, and discharge from these 

springs helps sustain flow in two nationally designated 

streams; the Current River (Ozark National Scenic Riverway) and the Eleven Point River (Eleven Point Wild 

and Scenic River). The potential for lead-zinc mining 

in this environmentally sensitive and federally designated scenic area has concerned the Forest Service and 

the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in regard to 

possible effects that mining may have on the water 

resources of the area. The concerns include but are not 

limited to the effects that mine dewatering in the St. 

Francois aquifer may have upon water resources of the 

surficial Ozark aquifer.

As a result of these concerns, two previous studies (Kleeschulte and Seeger, 2000, 2001) assessed the 

confining ability of the St. Francois confining unit in 

the west exploration area and the adjacent property 

toward Big Spring, referred to in this report as the east 

exploration area (fig. 1). These studies described the 

depositional environment and stratigraphy, and quantified the vertical hydraulic conductivity of 94 rock core 

samples collected from 28 boreholes in the confining 

unit. Both studies conclude that the vertical hydraulic 

conductivity of the confining unit is small. The confining unit effectively impedes ground-water flow 

between the Ozark and St. Francois aquifers, unless 

preferred-path secondary permeability has developed 

along faults and fractures that extend through the confining unit.

Mining has been occurring in the Viburnum 

Trend for more than 40 years with no appreciable drawdown being observed in the Ozark aquifer. Because of 

the similarity in geology, stratigraphy, and depositional 

environment between the Viburnum Trend and the 

exploration areas in the Doniphan/Eleven Point Ranger 

District of the Mark Twain National Forest, the Viburnum Trend may be used as a pertinent, full-scale model 
8 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri

to study and assess how mining may affect aquifers in 

the exploration areas. To address these needs, the confining ability of the St. Francois confining unit along 

the Viburnum Trend was quantified and compared with 

the results from the exploration areas to evaluate potential mine dewatering effects in the exploration areas.

Purpose and Scope

This report describes the stratigraphy and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the St. Francois confining 

unit in a 400 mi2 (square mile) study area of 10 townships (T. 31–35 N. and R. 01–02 W.; fig. 1) along the 

Viburnum Trend in Crawford, Iron, Washington, Dent, 

Reynolds, and Shannon Counties of southeastern Missouri. The vertical hydraulic conductivity data for the 

study area also was evaluated by comparing it to the 

vertical hydraulic conductivity data collected in the 

west and east exploration areas by Kleeschulte and 

Seeger (2000, 2001). This was accomplished by evaluating borehole core log data and examining available 

rock core samples. These stratigraphic data were used 

to prepare maps that depict the altitude of the top of the 

Derby-Doerun Dolomite and Davis Formation of the 

St. Francois confining unit, and the Bonneterre Formation (base of the Davis Formation) of the St. Francois 

aquifer. Maps showing the total thickness and net shale 

thickness (cumulative shale thicknesses) of the confining unit also were drawn. Forty rock core samples from 

the St. Francois confining unit and the St. Francois 

aquifer were collected and sent for laboratory permeability and porosity determination as part of this study. 

The vertical hydraulic conductivity of the rock core 

samples was calculated from the laboratory permeability values. These data were added to an existing vertical 

hydraulic conductivity and porosity data base for the 

St. Francois confining unit and St. Francois aquifer created from rock core samples analyzed from the exploration areas and the Viburnum Trend.

Exploration Borehole Data

Several thousand exploration holes have been 

drilled along the Viburnum Trend to delineate ore bodies. The BLM, GSRAD, and The Doe Run Company 

have copies of many of the core logs from the various 

mining companies that have explored or mined in the 

area. The BLM receives copies of core logs from exploration holes drilled on Federal lands, the GSRAD 

acquired donated copies of logs from several mining 

companies, and The Doe Run Company owns and 

operates the active mines in the Viburnum Trend and 

received core logs from predecessor mining companies. Much of the core log data used in this report came 

from the public-access core log files at the GSRAD. 

However, even with these log data, no core log data 

were available for several areas. Because the Viburnum 

Trend is an active mining area, the core logs on file at 

the BLM are classified as confidential and unavailable 

for viewing. A request was made and granted by The 

Doe Run Company for permission to examine the core 

log information for holes located in selected areas 

where no data were publicly available. Consequently, 

additional core logs were available for restricted use 

during the study described in this report.

The core logs provided general site information 

such as location and land-surface altitude of the borehole, total depth of the borehole, and depths to the top 

of formations. In some cases, the logs provided detailed 

lithologic descriptions for the interval from the base of 

the Potosi Dolomite into the Lamotte Sandstone or Precambrian basement, typically an interval from 500 to 

600 ft. The core logs and available core samples that 

were examined as part of this study were the primary 

source of the stratigraphic data contained in this report. 

The analyzed rock core samples were obtained from 

The Doe Run Company and the GSRAD.

Borehole locations reported on the core logs 

were defined to the nearest quarter-quarter-quarter section or as distance from the north/south and east/west 

section line. Land-surface altitudes were typically 

determined at the time of drilling using altimeters or 

topographic maps; however, occasionally the site was 

surveyed and altitudes were reported to the nearest 

foot. The reported altitudes were verified during this 

study using U.S. Geological Survey 7.5-minute topographic maps that generally had contour intervals of 20 

ft; therefore, the land-surface altitudes are accurate to 

about 10 ft (one-half the contour interval). In a few 

instances, the reported land-surface altitudes on the 

core logs did not agree with the land surface shown on 

the topographic maps for the given location. When this 

situation occurred, the altitude shown on the topographic map at the borehole location was used.

In this report, the locations of exploration boreholes (tables 1 and 2, at the back of this report) are 

shown by latitude and longitude coordinates and by the 

local well number, which follows the General Land 

Office coordinate system (fig. 4). According to this system, the first three sets of numbers representing a bore-
Geohydrologic Units 9

hole location designate township, range, and section. 

The letters that follow indicate quarter section, quarterquarter section, and quarter-quarter-quarter section. 

The quarter sections are represented by letters A, B, C, 

and D in counterclockwise order, starting in the northeastern quadrant. Occasionally, the borehole location 

was described as being in the center of a particular 

quarter section or in the northern, southern, eastern, or 

western one-half of a quarter section. In these cases, 

abbreviations (Cr for center; N2, S2, E2, or W2 for 

northern, southern, eastern, or western one-half of a 

quarter section) were used to convey this meaning.

Considerable interpretation was necessary to 

identify stratigraphic boundaries in some of the core 

logs and core samples because of variable stratigraphic 

nomenclature applied by the different mining companies and the different criteria for assigning the contacts 

between these formations. The conformable and transitional contacts that exist between all the formations 

from the Potosi Dolomite to the Bonneterre Formations also make it difficult to distinguish the contacts 

between formations. This may 

account for some of the irregularity 

shown on structure maps in this 

report.

Geohydrologic Units

Delineation of geohydrologic 

units is based on hydraulic properties 

and the hydrologic relation of each 

unit to adjacent geohydrologic units 

at a regional scale. The terms aquifer 

and confining unit, as defined regionally, may not adequately describe the 

hydraulic properties of a sequence of 

rocks locally because of the variation 

in water-yielding capability of the 

same rock sequence from one area to 

another. Although this report is concerned with the St. Francois confining unit, the geohydrologic units 

from the Precambrian basement 

through the surficial aquifer will be 

briefly discussed so that the entire 

geologic framework of the area can 

be described and the relation of one 

unit to another shown.

The lowermost geohydrologic 

unit in the study area is the Basement confining unit of 

Precambrian age (figs. 2 and 3), which is predominantly granite and rhyolite. Imes (1989) states that this 

confining unit is virtually impermeable. In areas where 

extensive faulting and fracturing has occurred, Imes 

reports the Basement confining unit can yield small 

quantities of water. In areas where the unit crops out, 

well yields are less than 10 gallons per minute. The surface of the Basement confining unit can be highly irregular. Isolated Precambrian basement knobs mapped in 

the subsurface of the study area and adjacent property 

by Fletcher (1974) indicate these knobs may extend 

600 to 1,000 ft above the surrounding basement rock.

The St. Francois aquifer (Imes, 1990a) overlies 

the Basement confining unit and consists of the Lamotte Sandstone and the Bonneterre Formation (figs. 2 

and 3). In areas of southeastern Missouri near the St. 

Francois Mountains (about 10 mi east of the study area; 

fig. 1) where the St. Francois aquifer is close to land 
10 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri

surface, the aquifer yields adequate supplies of water 

for domestic and small capacity public-supply wells. 

The thickness of the St. Francois aquifer can vary considerably because of the irregular surface of the underlying basement rocks.

The Davis Formation and the Derby-Doerun 

Dolomite form the St. Francois confining unit (Imes, 

1990b) that overlies the St. Francois aquifer (figs. 2 and 

3). Imes and Emmett (1994) state in their regional 

study of the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system that substantial secondary porosity and permeability have not 

developed regionally in the St. Francois confining unit. 

The fine-grained nature of the formations indicates 

they have minimal permeability, even in areas containing little or no shale. Regionally, the physical and 

hydraulic characteristics of the unit generally impede 

the movement of ground water between the overlying 

Ozark aquifer and the underlying St. Francois aquifer 

(Imes and Emmett, 1994). This report will attempt to 

verify and quantify the general statement made by Imes 

and Emmett that the confining unit impedes the movement of ground water between aquifers locally along 

the Viburnum Trend.

The Ozark aquifer (Imes, 1990c) is the uppermost geohydrologic unit in the study area and consists 

of rocks from the base of the Potosi Dolomite to the top 

of the Roubidoux Formation (figs. 2 and 3). This predominantly carbonate aquifer is dolostone with some 

sandstone, and is the most widely used aquifer in southern Missouri. In the study area, ground water in the 

aquifer normally occurs under water-table conditions.

Acknowledgments

Gratitude is extended to The Doe Run Company 

for assistance and cooperation in obtaining rock core 

samples and for access to specific, classified core logs. 

Special recognition is extended to Tom Schott and Bob 

Dunn of The Doe Run Company for the time they spent 

in helping the authors collect this information. Much of 

the data in this report could not have been obtained 

without their support.

STRATIGRAPHY

The entire Upper Cambrian Series, of which the 

St. Francois confining unit is a part, represents a series 

of transgressions and regressions by ancient seas. The 

repeated advancing and subsequent retreat of the sea 

over land areas created a complex series of dolostones, 

limestones, shales, sandstones, and siltstones. The 

stratigraphic sequence is controlled, in large part, by 

pre-Upper Cambrian faulting and erosion of the igneous Precambrian basement, and by faulting during the 

deposition of Upper Cambrian sediments. Rift-related 

faulting created a series of mountains and basins; erosion of Precambrian basement knobs provided detrital 

material for alluvial fan deposits and fluvial braided 

streams (lowermost Upper Cambrian). A transgression 

with continued deposition of clastic material led to the 

accumulation of the marine Lamotte Sandstone. Inundation and development of an intrashelf basin (lowermost Bonneterre Formation) followed; deposition of 

fan deltas was still active during the earliest stages 

(Lamotte Sandstone-Bonneterre Formation transition). 

Intrashelf basin development was followed by a cycle 

of regression and transgression. The shelf eventually 

filled with detrital material to form a ramp (Sullivan 

Siltstone member) from the land areas to the depositional basins, but was again inundated during Whetstone Creek member deposition (fig. 2). The Davis 

Formation-Whetstone Creek member contact indicates 

abrupt intrashelf basin development, followed by 

repeated shallowing and flooding, leading to the deposition of the rest of the Upper Cambrian section 

(Derby-Doerun Dolomite, Potosi Dolomite, and Eminence Dolomite; Palmer, 1989, 1991). Periods of epigenetic dolomitization of paleokarsted limestones 

developed whiterock horizons. “Whiterock” is a term 

that originated in the southeast Missouri lead district to 

describe coarse-crystalline white, light gray, or light 

brown dolostones that are the product of epigenetic 

dolomitization of reddened-paleokarsted limestones. 

Whiterock generally does not have apparent preserved 

primary depositional fabrics; however, occasional 

ghost textures are suggestive of deposition in an 

extremely shallow platform interior (Howe, 1968). 

Carbonate rocks are described in this section using the 

Dunham classification system (Dunham, 1962).

The St. Francois confining unit is a complex 

series of dolostones, limestones, and shales. Usually, 

the shale content of a geohydrologic unit is the primary 

indicator of the confining unit effectiveness as a flow 

barrier. As the shale content of a unit increases, the 

hydraulic conductivity of the unit decreases, inhibiting 

the flow of water through the unit. Because of this, the 

net shale thickness of the Derby-Doerun Dolomite and 

the Davis Formation was determined for this report at 

boreholes where either detailed lithologic descriptions 
Stratigraphy 11

were provided or where core samples were available 

for inspection. The detailed descriptions typically 

divided the cored section into small intervals in which 

the lithology had similar characteristics. The rock was 

described as to color, texture, grain size, physical features (stromatolites, staining, and vugs), and percent of 

each rock type (shale, dolostone, and limestone). The 

net shale thickness was calculated by multiplying the 

reported percent shale in an interval by the thickness of 

the described interval. The net shale thicknesses of all 

the intervals were summed to determine the total net 

shale thickness for the rock core. If borehole core samples from the St. Francois confining unit were available 

for inspection, these samples were relogged for net 

shale thickness determination.

There were 315 borehole logs (fig. 5, tables 1 and 

2) used to describe the stratigraphy for this study. Of 

this total, 175 boreholes are in the study area (table 1); 

the remainder are on adjacent property and are considered supplemental stratigraphic data (table 2) used to 

refine contours near the study area boundaries. Faults 

shown on the structure maps were modified from 

Fletcher (1974). Of the available core logs in the study 

area, 173 logs contained stratigraphic information for 

the St. Francois confining unit. The altitudes used in 

defining the geologic formation tops were determined 

by subtracting the depth of the formation top reported 

on the core log from the recorded land-surface altitude. 

The lithologic summaries that are presented in this section are necessarily brief and focused on lithologic 

properties that potentially affect vertical hydraulic conductivity.

Davis Formation

The Davis Formation is the basal part of largescale shallowing-upward sequences. Horizontal burrows are indicative of slow periodic deposition in a 

marine subtidal setting during early stages of shelf 

flooding. Intraclast conglomerate beds can be interpreted as storm-generated mass-flow deposits that presumably moved down slopes of a few degrees or less. 

The intrashelf basin facies tends to thin towards the 

geographic center of the deeper depositional basins 

where shale is more abundant. An increase in the volume of carbonate beds indicates proximity to the 

intrashelf basin edge. Oolites in some carbonate layers 

are likely grain flows (Palmer, 1989, 1991).

The Davis Formation is an intrashelf basin facies 

consisting of shales interbedded with shaly limestones, 

clean limestones, and local dolostones, with both shaleand carbonate-dominant sequences. In the basal to 

lower parts of some Davis Formation sections, shales 

are interbedded with thin glauconitic fine-grained 

quartzose sandstones. Shales generally are light to dark 

green, with some gray to dark gray beds. The entire formation contains as much as 47 percent or greater shale 

content. Carbonate-filled burrows comprise the only 

carbonate in some shale layers. Davis Formation carbonates primarily are tan to gray dolomitic mudstone 

and packstone, or grainstone. They are fine to medium 

grained and fine to medium crystalline. The carbonates 

contain pellets, fossil fragments, oolites, glauconite, 

and few stromatolites. Occasional intraclast conglomerates are noted and scattered arkosic or porphyry conglomeratic layers are present.

The core log data (tables 1 and 2) were used to 

draw the structural contour maps developed for the 

base (top of Bonneterre Formation; fig. 6) and top (fig. 

7) of the Davis Formation. The Davis Formation base 

is coincident with the base of the St. Francois confining 

unit and the top of the Bonneterre Formation. The 

Davis Formation (and St. Francois confining unit) 

locally is absent in the St. Francois Mountains region, 

and no attempt was made to delineate where the confining unit is absent. The formation regionally tends to dip 

radially outward from the mountain area. Faults were 

considered when contouring the structural surface; 

however, because of few data in the area of the Conway 

Fault, the effect of the fault (fig. 1) is not noticeable on 

the altitude of the Davis Formation base. However, the 

Palmer Fault system shows an appreciable offset in several boreholes located in T. 35 N., R. 01 W. and T. 36 

N., R. 01 E. (figs. 6 and 7), but the data did not indicate 

vertical offsets in T. 35 N., R. 02 W. A considerable offset to the base of the Davis Formation also is observed 

to the east of the Black Fault (fig. 6).

The altitude of the base of the Davis Formation 

(top of Bonneterre Formation; fig. 6) ranges from more 

than 900 ft above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 

1929 (NGVD 29) in the northeastern part of the study 

area to nearly 100 ft below NGVD 29 in the southwestern part. This map is based on 147 boreholes with Bonneterre Formation data (table 1). In the extreme 

northern part of the study area, the structure contours 

show the dip of the base of the Davis Formation is predominately to the west. The dip gradually changes to 
12 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri
Stratigraphy 13
14 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri
Thickness and Net Shale Thickness of the St. Francois Confining Unit 15

the south in the central part of the area, and this trend 

continues through the southern extent of the area. 

Ninety-three data points located outside of the study 

area (table 2) were used to contour near the study area 

boundary.

 Large knobs that occur on the Precambrian basement surface in the study area can also express themselves in the overlying strata. Mappable structural 

features that appear as subsurface ridges or highs can 

be seen at the base of the Davis Formation in T. 32 N. 

to T. 34 N. along the border between R. 01 W. and R. 

02 W. and in T. 35 N., R. 01 W. (fig. 6). These features 

may be formed by differential subsidence between the 

thinner sediments on top of Precambrian knobs and 

ridges and the thicker sediments on the adjacent flanks 

(R.W. Harrison, U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun., 1996).

The altitude of the top of the Davis Formation 

(fig. 7) in the study area ranges from more than 900 ft 

above NGVD 29 in the northeastern part to less than 

100 ft above NGVD 29 in the southern part. The altitudes are based on 159 borehole logs, which identified 

the depth of the top of the Davis Formation within the 

study area (table 1) and 83 supplemental logs on adjacent property (table 2). The dip of the formation top is 

similar to that for the base. In the northern part of the 

study area (T. 34–35 N.), the generally westward dip is 

masked by several structural highs that take the form of 

either isolated highs or ridges that correspond well with 

Precambrian knobs mapped deeper in the subsurface by 

Fletcher (1974). The dip gradually trends to the south 

in the central part of the study area. The effects of the 

Black Fault (fig. 1) on the structural contours are not as 

apparent at the top of the formation as at the base, 

except in the structural low adjacent to the fault shown 

in T. 33 N., R. 01 E. The offset of the formation top is 

apparent at localized areas along the Palmer Fault system and the Ellington Fault.

More localized features appear to be present on 

the structural map showing the top of the Davis Formation than on the formation base. These features are 

small, isolated highs or larger features such as ridges. 

Structural lows also appear at several locations with the 

deepest adjacent to the Black Fault.

Derby-Doerun Dolomite

The Derby-Doerun Dolomite represents a pair of 

carbonate ramp cycles that include ribbon rock carbonates (succession of thin layers of rocks with different 

composition) that grade up-section to sequences of 

thinner mudstone and thicker grainstone or packstone 

beds. Mudstone-grainstone sequences and local conglomerates support this depositional hypothesis. Stromatolite zones indicate isolated buildups within the 

section. Intraclast conglomerate beds (storm-generated 

mass-flow deposits) moved down slopes of only a few 

degrees. The basal shaly sequence represents a transition with the Davis Formation (Palmer, 1989, 1991). 

The Derby-Doerun Dolomite in the study area is 

composed of light gray to gray or light tan to brown 

mudstones, grainstones, and mudstone-matrix stromatolite boundstones, with minor wackestones. Dolostones are fine to medium grained and fine to coarse 

crystalline. Whiterock and mottled beds are present. 

The dolostones contain fossil fragments and minor 

glauconite. Scattered thin black to dark gray and green 

shales are present. Shale content and thickness increase 

near the contact with the Davis Formation.

The altitude of the top of the Derby-Doerun 

Dolomite (fig. 8), which also is the top of the St. Francois confining unit, ranges from more than 1,000 ft 

above NGVD 29 in the northeastern part of the study 

area to about 200 ft above NGVD 29 in the southwestern part. These altitudes are based on 151 borehole logs 

in the study area with Derby-Doerun Dolomite data 

(table 1) and 90 supplemental borehole logs on adjacent property (table 2). The structure contours show a 

similar pattern as the contours for the top of the Davis 

Formation. Several large highs or ridges in the northern 

part of the study area (T. 34–35 N.) mask the general 

westward dip of the formation. The dip gradually 

trends to the south in the central part of the study area. 

One prominent difference between the top of the 

Derby-Doerun Dolomite and top of the Davis Formation is the absence of the structural low feature in T. 33 

N., R. 01 E. (fig. 8), which appears to be filled by the 

Derby-Doerun Dolomite.

Thickness and Net Shale Thickness of the 

St. Francois Confining Unit

Based on logs from 123 boreholes that completely penetrate the St. Francois confining unit in the 

study area (table 1) and 49 supplemental logs in adjacent property (table 2), the thickness of the confining 

unit ranges from less than 200 to more than 350 ft in the 

study area (fig. 9). Local areas of thickening or thinning 

occur, but in general the unit is from 230 to 280 ft thick. 

The confining unit thickens in the western part of the
16 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri
Thickness and Net Shale Thickness of the St. Francois Confining Unit 17
18 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri

study area, especially in the area west of the Conway 

Fault.

The net shale thickness map (fig. 10) is for the 

rock sequence from the top of the Derby-Doerun Dolomite to the base of a persistent shale unit located at the 

base of the Whetstone Creek Member in the upper 

Bonneterre Formation. This shale unit is referred to 

locally as the False Davis (fig. 2). This method to determine the net shale thickness is consistent with that used 

to determine the net shale thickness reported by Kleeschulte and Seeger (2000, 2001). Fourteen net shale 

thickness values were calculated solely from detailed 

borehole core log descriptions (table 1) and 22 values 

were determined by relogging available core samples at 

the GSRAD McCracken Core Library. Based on the 36 

data values, the net shale thickness ranges from less 

than 25 to greater than 100 ft, with the thickness 

increasing to the west. This increase is consistent with 

the current understanding of the geologic environment 

at the time these formations were deposited. The 

deeper part of the basin, west of the Viburnum Trend, 

would have been a low-energy setting that would have 

allowed the deposition of silts and clays and the formation of shale deposits.

VERTICAL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY

Shale typically has a smaller vertical hydraulic 

conductivity than carbonate rocks (Freeze and Cherry, 

1979). By determining the thickness of the confining 

unit, estimating the net shale thickness of the confining 

unit, and measuring the vertical hydraulic conductivity 

of the various rock types present in the unit, the effective vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining 

unit can be estimated. The permeability of rock core 

samples from the study area was measured in a laboratory and used to calculate the confining unit vertical 

hydraulic conductivity. Permeability measures the ease 

with which a porous medium (rock core) can transmit a 

liquid under a pressure gradient. It is a function of the 

medium alone and is not dependent on the fluid used or 

the force field causing the movement of the liquid 

(Lohman and others, 1972). Hydraulic conductivity is 

a measure of the ease with which a specific fluid can be 

transmitted through a porous medium, and is a function 

of the medium and of the density and viscosity of the 

fluid being transmitted.

Representing 250 ft of rock core with only 2 or 3 

samples from each borehole has inherent deficiencies. 

Samples chosen for laboratory analysis are representative of typical formation lithologies in the sampled 

borehole. While fractures were not common in the 

available cores, they occasionally were observed. No 

rock core samples were sent to the laboratory for analysis that had observed fractures or were broken. This 

decision could skew the vertical hydraulic conductivity 

data set, but was necessary to ensure the samples would 

properly seal in the instrument used to measure permeability.

Methodology

Effective vertical permeability and porosity were 

determined in the laboratory from rock core samples 

using methods described by the American Petroleum 

Institute (1998). Vertical hydraulic conductivity and 

effective vertical hydraulic conductivity were calculated. Statistical techniques were used to compare vertical hydraulic conductivity among formations and 

rock types at three locations (Viburnum Trend, and the 

west and east exploration areas).

The laboratory simulated the in-situ conditions 

at the depth from which the core samples were collected. The permeability of a medium is inversely proportional to the net confining stresses to which the 

sample is subjected. A net confining stress [calculated 

using a pressure gradient of 0.758 pounds per square 

inch (psi) per foot depth] was applied to each core sample during the permeability analysis (Jim Seale, Core 

Laboratories, Inc., written commun., 1999). The fluid 

used during the permeability tests was water prepared 

to chemically imitate water from the city of Viburnum 

(fig. 1) public-water supply, which pumps water from 

an abandoned lead mine in the Bonneterre Formation. 

The vertical hydraulic conductivity of each sample 

was, in essence, directly measured because the laboratory water had similar density and viscosity properties 

as water that flows through the confining unit in the 

study area.

The core samples were prepared for analysis by 

cutting each sample to a right-angle cylinder (using air 

as the bit lubricant), extracting any precipitated salt 

with methanol, then oven drying the sample for 24 

hours at a temperature of 240 degrees Fahrenheit. The 

bulk volumes of the samples were determined by fluid 

displacement (Archimedes’ principle). Dry weights 

were recorded and the grain densities were calculated. 

Helium porosity (American Petroleum Institute, 1998) 

of the rock core at room conditions was obtained by 
Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity 19
20 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri

measuring grain volume using Boyle’s Law (Jim Seale, 

written commun., 1999).

The core samples were evacuated and pressure 

saturated at 1,000 psi with the transmitted fluid. Saturations were verified gravimetrically upon removal 

from the saturation cell. The core samples were then 

placed in individual core holders, and the calculated net 

confining stress was applied. The differential flow 

pressure, time, and water volumes produced at room 

temperature were recorded. If the permeability was less 

than the minimum reporting level (1 x 10-9 darcy), the 

test ended after 48 hours. The effective vertical permeability of the rock core was calculated using the following equation (Jim Seale, written commun., 1999):

, (1)

where k = effective permeability, in darcies 

(1 darcy = 9.87 x 10-9 centimeter 

squared);

Q = flow rate, in cubic centimeters per second;

μ = fluid viscosity, in centipoise 

(1 centipoise = 0.01 gram per centimetersecond);

L = core length, in centimeters;

A = core area, in square centimeters;

Pu = upgradient pressure, in atmospheres 

(1 atmosphere = 14.7 pounds per square 

inch); and

Pd = downgradient pressure, in atmospheres.

Hydraulic conductivity is related to permeability 

by (American Petroleum Institute, 1998):

, (2)

where K = hydraulic conductivity, in centimeters per 

second;

k = effective permeability, in darcies;

ρ = mass density of the fluid, in grams per 

cubic centimeters;

g = acceleration of gravity, in centimeters per 

second squared; and

μ = fluid viscosity, in centipoise.

After substitution, the conversion of effective 

permeability in darcies to hydraulic conductivity in 

foot per second becomes:

. (3)

The effective vertical hydraulic conductivity of 

the confining unit was calculated using the expression 

for two rock types in series having different vertical 

hydraulic conductivities:

, (4)

where dt = total thickness of the confining unit, in 

feet;

d1, d2 = thickness of rock type 1 and rock type 

2, in feet;

Kt = effective vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining unit, in foot per 

second; and

K1, K2 = vertical hydraulic conductivity of rock 

type 1 and rock type 2, in foot per second.

The computer software SYSTAT (SYSTAT Software Inc., 2002) was used for statistical hypothesis 

tests, summary statistics, and the preparation of boxplots. A level of significance (α-value) below 0.05 

caused rejection of the null hypothesis that states the 

vertical hydraulic conductivity of the data sets being 

compared are equal. The “attained significance level” 

(p-value) is a probability value determined from the 

data (Helsel and Hirsch, 1995). It measures the “believability” of the null hypothesis. The larger the p-value, 

the more likely is the observed test statistic when the 

null hypothesis is true and the weaker the evidence to 

reject the null hypothesis. Boxplots using a logarithmic 

scale were used to graphically present the vertical 

hydraulic conductivity data.

Evaluation of the St. Francois Confining Unit 

along the Viburnum Trend

A total of 40 rock core samples from 18 spatially 

distributed boreholes were sent to the laboratory for 

vertical hydraulic conductivity and porosity determination for this report (fig. 5). Thirty-eight rock core samples were from 16 boreholes along the Viburnum Trend 

and the other two samples were duplicate DerbyDoerun Dolomite samples from the western exploration area analyzed during previous studies (Kleeschulte 

and Seeger, 2000, 2001). One of the 38 core samples 

from the Viburnum Trend also was a duplicate DerbyDoerun Dolomite sample that was analyzed by Kleeschulte and Seeger (2000). Data from the 3 duplicate 

samples were used for quality control and assurance.

k QμL

A Pu Pd ( ) – = ----------------------------

K kρg

μ = ---------

K ( ) 3.17 10–5 = × k

dt

Kt

----- d1

K1

------ d2

K2

------+=
Evaluation of the St. Francois Confining Unit along the Viburnum Trend 21

Thirty-seven vertical hydraulic conductivity values (one core sample deteriorated in the saturation 

chamber before the vertical hydraulic conductivity 

could be determined) and 38 porosity values determined for this report were added to an existing data 

base for the St. Francois confining unit and St. Francois 

aquifer. This existing data base already included vertical hydraulic conductivity and porosity values from 94 

rock core samples from 28 boreholes in the exploration 

areas (fig. 1; table 3, at the back of this report) and 24 

rock core samples from 5 boreholes along the Viburnum Trend that were analyzed during previous studies 

(fig. 1; Kleeschulte and Seeger, 2000, 2001).

Combining the previously collected and new vertical hydraulic conductivity data changed the spatial 

distribution that was trying to be maintained. Nineteen 

of the 24 previously collected vertical hydraulic conductivity and porosity values from the Viburnum Trend 

(6 Derby-Doerun Dolomite and 13 Davis Formation 

values) and one duplicate Derby-Doerun Dolomite 

sample analyzed for this report were from boreholes in 

T. 31 N., R. 02 W. (fig. 1). This heavily biased the number of samples from this one township. To make the 

data set more spatially representative, the data from T. 

31 N., R. 02 W. were combined, and only the median 

vertical hydraulic conductivity value for the DerbyDoerun Dolomite and the median vertical hydraulic 

conductivity value for the Davis Formation were used 

to represent the formations in that area. The same 

approach was used to represent the three lithologies 

that were present in that township. These samples are 

denoted by borehole identification in table 3 as 

“Generic F” (formation) or “Generic L” (lithology).

The modified vertical hydraulic conductivity 

data set used for the evaluation of the St. Francois confining unit and St. Francois aquifer (used for comparison purposes) along the Viburnum Trend in this report 

consisted of 46 values [17 Derby-Doerun Dolomite, 21 

Davis Formation, 3 Bonneterre Formation, 2 generic 

formation (1 Derby-Doerun Dolomite and 1 Davis Formation), and 3 generic lithology (1 carbonate, 1 shale, 

and 1 carbonate and shale)]. The modified porosity data 

set for the Viburnum Trend consisted of 42 values (17 

Derby-Doerun Dolomite, 22 Davis Formation, and 3 

Bonneterre Formation). No generic formation or lithology values were included in the porosity data set.

Four censored values for the Davis Formation 

were in the modified Viburnum Trend data set. These 

data were collected by Kleeschulte and Seeger (2000) 

and had vertical hydraulic conductivity values less than 

the minimum reporting level of 3.17 x 10-14 ft/s (foot 

per second). None of the new vertical hydraulic conductivity values determined for this report and added to 

the existing St. Francois confining unit data set were 

less than the minimum reporting level.

A Lilliefors (two-tailed) test for normality (Iman 

and Conover, 1983) indicated the 40 vertical hydraulic 

conductivity values for the St. Francois confining unit 

formations along the Viburnum Trend in the modified 

data set (17 Derby-Doerun Dolomite, 21 Davis Formation, and 2 generic formation) were not normally distributed (p = 0.000). When a logarithmic 

transformation was applied, the data are considered 

normally distributed (p = 0.070); however, the strength 

of the evidence was marginal. Because the sample size 

was small (40 values) and the p-value of the transformed data was slightly greater than the preassigned 

α-value of 0.05, the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test 

(Helsel and Hirsch, 1995), was chosen to analyze the 

ranked data. When only two groups are used, the procedure reduces to the Mann-Whitney test (SYSTAT 

Software Inc., 2002).

Statistical comparisons of vertical hydraulic conductivity values of rock cores from the St. Francois 

confining unit grouped by formation (Derby-Doerun 

Dolomite and Davis Formation) show the data from the 

two formations are statistically similar (p-value = 

0.073; table 4). The boxplot of the data (fig. 11A) 

shows that with the outliers, the data from the two formations span more than 5 orders of magnitude from 

8.66 x 10-9 to 3.17 x 10-14 ft/s (tables 3 and 5). The 

interquartile range (see fig. 11 explanation) for the 

Derby-Doerun Dolomite (1.64 x 10-11 to 1.04 x 10-12

ft/s) spans slightly more than 1 order of magnitude, and 

the Davis Formation spans nearly 2 orders of magnitude (6.57 x 10-12 to 8.73 x 10-14 ft/s). The median vertical hydraulic conductivity value for Derby-Doerun 

Dolomite samples (3.27 x 10-12 ft/s) is similar to the 

median value for the Davis Formation samples (2.38 x 

10 -12 ft/s). Although statistics show the vertical 

hydraulic conductivity of the Derby-Doerun Dolomite 

and Davis Formation are considered similar, visually 

on the boxplots, the Davis Formation appears to be the 

more hydraulically restrictive medium (fig. 11A).

Three samples from the upper Bonneterre Formation (above the False Davis) also were plotted for 

comparison purposes (fig. 11A). The vertical hydraulic 

conductivity of these three samples are statistically 

similar to the those of the Derby-Doerun Dolomite (pvalue = 0.615) and the Davis Formation (p-value = 
22 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri

0.094). This indicates that the confining ability of the 

upper Bonneterre Formation (above the False Davis) at 

the locations tested along the Viburnum Trend is comparable to the Derby-Doerun Dolomite and Davis Formation, even though regionally, the entire Bonneterre 

Formation is considered an aquifer. However, visually 

on the boxplots, the Davis Formation appears to have 

the lowest vertical hydraulic conductivity values compared to the Derby-Doerun Dolomite and upper Bonneterre Formation.

The ranked vertical hydraulic conductivity data 

from the St. Francois confining unit along the Viburnum Trend also was grouped by rock type (carbonate, 

shale, and samples containing both carbonate and 

shale). This data set contains 41 values; the two generic 

formation values were removed, and the three generic 

lithology values were added. Multiple comparisons 

were made to determine if the shale component of the 

confining unit was indeed more restrictive to flow than 

the carbonate component. The small shale sample size 

was caused in part by the age of the core samples. Older 

core samples become drier causing the shale to separate 

on small bedding planes (poker chipped) and become 

fragile. When removing samples from the core box, the 

shale tends to fall apart and is no longer coherent. A 

statistical comparison of the vertical hydraulic conductivity values using rock type as the grouping variable 

shows the three groups are different (p-value = 0.016; 

table 4). However, when the different rock types are 

paired and then compared, carbonate samples and samples containing both carbonate and shale shows a statistical similarity (p-value = 0.118). The other groupings, 

carbonate samples and shale samples (p-value = 0.012) 

and shale samples and samples containing both carbonate and shale (p-value = 0.032) are statistically different. The small shale sample set may have affected this 

relation.

The shale samples generally have the smallest 

vertical hydraulic conductivity and the carbonate samples have the largest (fig. 11B). Samples containing 

both shale and carbonate appear to have an intermediate value of both rock types indicating the affect that 

each component (carbonate or shale) has on the overall 

vertical hydraulic conductivity of the core sample. The 

variability of the interquartile range of samples containing both carbonate and shale is larger than either the 

carbonate or shale samples. This could be a result of the 

varying percentages of carbonate and shale in the samples with mixed lithology. The median vertical hydraulic conductivity of the shale samples (1.00 x 10-13 ft/s; 

Table 4. Summary of Kruskal-Wallis statistical test p-values

[DDR, Derby-Doerun Dolomite; DVS, Davis Formation; Carb, Carbonate 

sample; Both, Carbonate and shale sample; VT, Viburnum Trend; West, 

West exploration area; East, East exploration area]

Formation or Rock Type Comparisons p-value

Viburnum Trend

Formation

DDR-DVS 0.073

Rock Type (all three rock types) 0.016

Carb-Shale .012

Shale-Both .032

Both-Carb .118

Viburnum Trend, 

West and East Exploration Areas

St. Francois confining unit (all three locations) 0.000

VT-West .000

VT-East .074

West-East .012

Formation 

DDR (all three locations) 0.096

VT-West .066

VT-East .128

West-East .212

DVS (all three locations) 0.034

VT-West .018

VT-East .420

West-East .077

Rock Type

Carbonate (all three locations) 0.001

VT-West .001

VT-East .019

West-East .020

Shale (all three locations) 0.657

VT-West .629

VT-East .165

West-East .668

Both (all three locations) 0.281

VT-West .111

VT-East .279

West-East .766
Evaluation of the St. Francois Confining Unit along the Viburnum Trend 23
24 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri

table 5) was 62 times less than the carbonate samples 

(median value 6.17 x 10-12 ft/s) and 45 times less than 

carbonate and shale samples (4.56 x 10-12 ft/s). 

Because shale along the Viburnum Trend has the smallest vertical hydraulic conductivity of the three rock 

types, it would be the most restrictive medium to the 

flow of water in the confining unit. Consequently, the 

net shale thickness along the Viburnum Trend significantly affects the effective vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining unit. As the percentage of shale 

increases in a given horizon, the vertical hydraulic conductivity decreases.

Porosity values were available for 39 core samples from the St. Francois confining unit along the 

Viburnum Trend; no values were used for the generic 

samples. Porosity values range from a minimum of 

0.25 to a maximum of 10.98 percent (fig. 11C; table 3). 

Lilliefors testing (Iman and Conover, 1983) shows the 

porosity values have a normal distribution (p-value = 

0.238). Because the data were normally distributed and 

from two independent data groups, the two sample separate variance t-test was used to compare the porosity 

values of Derby-Doerun Dolomite and Davis Formation samples (Helsel and Hirsch, 1995). The test indicated no significant difference (p-value = 0.341) 

between the two groups. The porosity values of samples from the Davis Formation are more variable than 

the porosity values of the Derby-Doerun Dolomite 

samples, which is shown by the interquartile range of 

the Davis Formation samples having greater than twice 

the span of the Derby-Doerun Dolomite samples.

Using the two sample separate variance t-test 

(Helsel and Hirsch, 1995) for comparison of porosity 

values of the different rock types (fig. 11D), a statistical 

similarity exists between the porosity value of samples 

containing shale and samples containing both carbonate and shale (p-value = 0.079), but this relation is not 

as strong as the comparison between only carbonate 

and only shale samples (p-value = 0.432). Samples 

containing only carbonate and samples containing both 

carbonate and shale are statistically different (p-value = 

0.003). The Spearman rank-order correlation (Helsel 

and Hirsch, 1995) shows a weak correlation between 

vertical hydraulic conductivity and porosity (r = 0.237).

The vertical hydraulic conductivity of carbonate 

and shale was statistically different in the St. Francois 

confining unit along the Viburnum Trend. The range of 

effective vertical hydraulic conductivity for the confining unit was estimated using minimum and maximum 

thickness values of the confining unit, total thickness of 

the carbonate and shale components in the confining 

unit, and appropriate minimum and maximum vertical 

hydraulic conductivity values for the carbonate and 

shale rock types. The St. Francois confining unit along 

the Viburnum Trend was estimated to have a minimum 

thickness of 230 ft (approximately the lower percentile) 

and a maximum thickness of 280 ft (approximately the 

upper percentile; table 1). A minimum and maximum 

net shale thickness of 20 and 100 ft, respectively, was 

also used (fig. 10; table 1). The upper and lower percentiles for carbonate and shale rock types were used to 

estimate the vertical hydraulic conductivities. The 

range of 2.06 x 10-11 to 1.04 x 10-12 ft/s was used for 

carbonate rocks and 2.76 x 10-13 to 6.37 x 10-14 ft/s was 

used for shale.

Table 5. Summary of vertical hydraulic conductivity values for the St. Francois confining unit along the Viburnum Trend 

 [ft/s, foot per second]

Number 

of 

samples

Vertical hydraulic conductivity

Minimum

(ft/s)

Maximum

(ft/s)

Median

(ft/s)

Interquartile range

(ft/s)

Formation

 Derby-Doerun Dolomite 18 1.27 x 10-13 2.02 x 10-9 3.27 x 10-12 1.64 x 10-11 to 1.04 x 10-12

 Davis Formation 22 3.17 x 10-14 8.66 x 10-9 2.38 x 10-12 6.57 x 10-12 to 8.73 x 10-14

Rock type

Carbonate 18 3.17 x 10-14 8.66 x 10-9 6.17 x 10-12 2.06 x 10-11 to 1.04 x 10-12

Shale 4 3.17 x 10-14 7.26 x 10-13 1.00 x 10-13 2.76 x 10-13 to 6.37 x 10-14

Carbonate and shale 19 3.17 x 10-14 1.33 x 10-11 4.56 x 10-12 6.21 x 10-12 to 2.01 x 10-13
Evaluation of the St. Francois Confining Unit along the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas 25

By using appropriate minimum and maximum 

values of confining unit thickness, net shale thickness, 

and vertical hydraulic conductivity, the range of effective vertical hydraulic conductivity for the St. Francois 

confining unit in the Viburnum Trend was estimated to 

be a minimum of 2 x 10-13 ft/s and a maximum of 3 x 

10-12 ft/s (fig. 12A). These effective vertical hydraulic 

conductivity values are considered small and verify 

conclusions of previous studies (Warner and others, 

1974; Miller and Vandike, 1997; Kleeschulte, 2001); 

the confining unit effectively impedes the flow of 

ground water between the Ozark aquifer and the St. 

Francois aquifer along the Viburnum Trend.

Evaluation of the St. Francois Confining Unit 

along the Viburnum Trend and Exploration 

Areas

Another objective of this report is to compare the 

vertical hydraulic conductivity of rock core samples 

from the St. Francois confining unit in the active mining area of the Viburnum Trend and in the exploration 

areas where future mining may occur. The west (T. 25–

27 N., R. 03–04 W.) and east (T. 25–27 N., R. 01–02 

W.) exploration areas both include six townships (fig. 

1). For this analysis, previously collected vertical 

hydraulic conductivity data from two earlier studies 

(Kleeschulte and Seeger, 2000, 2001) were combined 

with the data collected along the Viburnum Trend for 

this report. The data sets are considered comparable 

because all the analyzed samples were chosen by the 

same people, using the same selection criteria, and 

were analyzed by the same laboratory using the same 

methods. Before combining the data sets, 27 vertical 

hydraulic conductivity data values from the west exploration area and 2 values from the east exploration area 

were censored to the minimum reporting level of 3.17 

x 10-14 ft/s. A Lilliefors (two-tailed) test for normality 

(Iman and Conover, 1983) indicated the combined vertical hydraulic conductivity data were not normally distributed (p = 0.000), and attempts to transform the data 

into a normal distribution failed. This failure was 

caused in part by the numerous censored values being 

grouped at the lower end of the data set. Consequently, 

the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis statistical test 

(Helsel and Hirsch, 1995) was chosen to test the null 

hypothesis that the vertical hydraulic conductivity of 

the St. Francois confining unit was similar along the 

Viburnum Trend and in the west and east exploration 

areas.

When the vertical hydraulic conductivity data 

were grouped by location, the St. Francois confining 

unit was statistically different in the three locations (pvalue = 0.000; table 4). However, when the data in the 

three locations were analyzed in pairs, the Viburnum 

Trend and east exploration area showed a statistical 

similarity (p-value = 0.074). The other combinations, 

west and east exploration areas (p-value = 0.012) and 

the Viburnum Trend and west exploration area (p-value 

= 0.000), showed a statistical difference (fig. 12A). The 

vertical hydraulic conductivity values visually appear 

smaller in the west exploration area than at the other 

two locations.

Statistical analysis were used to determine if the 

vertical hydraulic conductivity differences between 

locations primarily were caused by variations in the 

geologic formations or rock type. Data from the confining unit were grouped by formation and then subgrouped by location. Analysis of Derby-Doerun 

Dolomite vertical hydraulic conductivity values (fig. 

12B) show similarity at all three locations (p-value = 

0.096; table 4). When comparing the Derby-Doerun 

Dolomite vertical hydraulic conductivity samples by 

location pairs, the strongest similarity was among the 

west and east exploration areas (p-value = 0.212), followed by the Viburnum Trend and east exploration area 

(p-value = 0.128), and then by the Viburnum Trend and 

the west exploration area (p-value = 0.066).

Statistical analysis of Davis Formation vertical 

hydraulic conductivity values (fig. 12B) grouped by 

location showed a statistical difference (p-value = 

0.034; table 4). However, comparing location pairs 

show a strong similarity between samples from the 

Viburnum Trend and east exploration area (p-value = 

0.420); followed by the west and east exploration areas 

(p-value = 0.077), but no similarity was shown between 

the Viburnum Trend and west exploration area (p-value 

= 0.018). The statistical results could be considered 

paradoxical because comparing the entire Davis Formation data set by location shows a statistical difference, but two of the three possible location pairs shows 

statistical similarity. Apparently, the differences 

between the Viburnum Trend and west exploration area 

is sufficient to cause the α-value for the data set to be 

less than 0.05. The median and interquartile range of 

the boxplots indicate the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Derby-Doerun Dolomite and Davis Formation generally are largest in the Viburnum Trend area 

and smallest in the west exploration area. 
26 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri
Summary and Conclusions 27

Statistical comparisons of the vertical hydraulic 

conductivity values of the various rock types (carbonate, shale, and samples containing both carbonate and 

shale) grouped by location also were performed using 

the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis statistical test 

(Helsel and Hirsch, 1995). When the carbonate values 

were considered and grouped by location, statistical 

analysis showed the three locations were statistically 

different (p-value = 0.001; table 4). The vertical 

hydraulic conductivity values of carbonate samples 

analyzed by location pairs showed no statistical similarities between any of the three locations (all the p-values were less than or equal to 0.020). Generally, the 

carbonate samples from the Viburnum Trend had the 

largest vertical hydraulic conductivity values and the 

west exploration area had the smallest (fig. 12C). The 

shale samples were statistically similar for all locations 

(p-value = 0.657). The small data sets for the Viburnum 

Trend and east exploration area plot within the interquartile range of the larger west exploration area data 

set. The largest statistical similarity for shale samples 

occurs when comparing the west and east exploration 

areas (p-value = 0.668), followed by the Viburnum 

Trend and west exploration area (p-value = 0.629), and 

the Viburnum Trend and east exploration area (p-value 

= 0.165). When the mixed lithology samples are considered and grouped by location, the statistical analysis 

showed a similarity between all locations (p-value = 

0.281). The largest p-value occurs when comparing the 

west and east exploration areas (p-value = 0.766), followed by the Viburnum Trend and east exploration area 

(p-value = 0.279), and the Viburnum Trend and west 

exploration area (p-value = 0.111).

In summary, the vertical hydraulic conductivity 

values by formation and rock type generally are the 

largest in the Viburnum Trend and smallest in the west 

exploration area, and no statistical similarity exists 

between these two areas. The statistical differences in 

these values do not appear to be attributed strictly to 

either the Derby-Doerun Dolomite or Davis Formation, 

but instead they are caused by the differences in the carbonate vertical hydraulic conductivity values at the 

three locations (fig. 12C).

The calculated effective vertical hydraulic conductivity range for the St. Francois confining unit at 

each location is: 2 x 10-13 to 3 x 10-12 ft/s for the Viburnum Trend; 3 x 10-14 (minimum reporting level) to 1 x 

10-12 ft/s for the west exploration area (Kleeschulte and 

Seeger, 2000); and 3 x 10-13 to 2 x 10-12 ft/s for the east 

exploration area (Kleeschulte and Seeger, 2001; fig. 

12A). Based on the calculated vertical hydraulic conductivity ranges, the St. Francois confining unit is considered ‘tight’ at all locations, but in relation to each 

other, the unit in the west exploration area is the tightest, and the unit in the Viburnum Trend is the most conductive. Active mining has been occurring along the 

Viburnum Trend with no apparent large cones of 

depression developing in the potentiometric surface of 

the Ozark aquifer as a result of mining activity. Therefore, using similar mining practices as those along the 

Viburnum Trend, no large cones of depression in the 

Ozark aquifer would be expected in the exploration 

areas, in particular the west exploration area, unless 

preferred-path secondary permeability has developed 

along faults or fractures or resulted from exploration 

activities.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

The confining ability of the St. Francois confining unit (Derby-Doerun Dolomite and Davis Formation) was evaluated in 10 townships (T. 31–35 N. and 

R. 01–02 W.) along the Viburnum Trend of southeastern Missouri by describing the stratigraphy and calculating the vertical hydraulic conductivity of core 

samples from laboratory measured vertical permeability. These vertical hydraulic conductivity data were 

compared to the vertical hydraulic conductivity data 

collected during two previous studies 20 miles south of 

the Viburnum Trend in two lead-zinc exploration areas 

which may be a southern extension of the Viburnum 

Trend. Geologic formations from the base of the Potosi 

Dolomite to the top of the Roubidoux Formation form 

the surficial Ozark aquifer, the primary source of water 

for domestic and public-water supplies and major 

springs in southern Missouri. The St. Francois confining unit lies beneath the Ozark aquifer and impedes the 

movement of water between the overlying Ozark aquifer and the underlying St. Francois aquifer (composed 

of the Bonneterre Formation and Lamotte Sandstone). 

The Bonneterre Formation is the primary host formation for lead-zinc ore deposits of the Viburnum Trend 

and potential host formation in the exploration areas. 

For most of the more than 40 years the mines have been 

in operation along the Viburnum Trend, about 27 million gallons per day have been pumped from the St. 

Francois aquifer for mine dewatering. Previous studies 

conducted along the Viburnum Trend to assess the 

effects of mine dewatering in the St. Francois aquifer 

on water levels in the surficial Ozark aquifer have con-
28 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri

cluded that no large cones of depression have developed in the potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer 

as a result of mining activity.

Because of the similarity in geology, stratigraphy, and depositional environment between the Viburnum Trend and the exploration areas, the Viburnum 

Trend may be used as a pertinent, full-scale model to 

study and assess how mining may affect the exploration 

areas. The confining ability of the St. Francois confining unit along the Viburnum Trend and in the exploration areas are compared to evaluate potential mine 

dewatering effects in the exploration areas.

The St. Francois confining unit is a complex 

series of dolostones, limestones, and shales. Borehole 

log data describe the unit as generally being 230 to 280 

feet thick along the Viburnum Trend. The confining 

unit thickens in the western part of the study area, especially in the area west of the Conway Fault. The formations of the confining unit regionally tend to dip 

radially outward from the St. Francois Mountains area. 

In the northern part of the study area, the dip of the formations may be masked by underlying Precambrian 

structural highs (knobs), but generally is westward. The 

dip then gradually trends to the south in the central part 

of the study area. Based on 36 data values, the net shale 

thickness ranges from less than 25 to greater than 100 

feet in the study area with the thickness increasing 

toward the west. 

Vertical hydraulic conductivity values determined from laboratory permeability tests were used to 

represent the confining ability of the St. Francois confining unit along the Viburnum Trend. The data were 

not normally distributed and the nonparametric 

Kruskal-Wallis test was chosen to test the null hypothesis that the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the data 

sets being compared are equal. Statistical tests show the 

values for the Derby-Doerun Dolomite and Davis Formation are similar and boxplots of the data show the 

Davis Formation would be the more hydraulically 

restrictive medium. Multiple comparisons on the vertical hydraulic conductivity data from the St. Francois 

confining unit along the Viburnum Trend grouped by 

rock type (carbonate, shale, and samples containing 

both carbonate and shale) showed samples with only 

shale and only carbonate were statistically different, as 

were the shale samples and samples containing both 

carbonate and shale. Shale samples generally have the 

smallest vertical hydraulic conductivity and the carbonate samples have the largest. Only considering the 

median values of these data groups, the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the shale samples [1.00 x 10-13 ft/s 

(foot per second)] was 62 times less than the carbonate 

samples (median value 6.17 x 10-12 ft/s) and 45 times 

less than carbonate and shale samples (4.56 x 10-12

ft/s), making shale a more restrictive medium to the 

flow of water in the confining unit. Consequently, the 

net shale thickness of the confining unit along the 

Viburnum Trend significantly affects the effective vertical hydraulic conductivity. As the percentage of shale 

increases in a given horizon, the vertical hydraulic conductivity decreases.

By using appropriate minimum and maximum 

values of confining unit thickness, net shale thickness, 

and vertical hydraulic conductivity, the range of effective vertical hydraulic conductivity for the confining 

unit in the Viburnum Trend was estimated to be a minimum of 2 x 10-13 ft/s and a maximum of 3 x 10-12 ft/s. 

These vertical hydraulic conductivity values are considered small and verify conclusions of previous studies that the confining unit effectively impedes the flow 

of ground water between the Ozark aquifer and the St. 

Francois aquifer along the Viburnum Trend.

Another objective of this report is to compare the 

vertical hydraulic conductivity of rock core samples 

from the St. Francois confining unit in the active mining area of the Viburnum Trend and the exploration 

area where future mining may occur. The exploration 

area was divided into west (T. 25–27 N., R. 03–04 W.) 

and east (T. 25–27 N., R. 01–02 W.) areas. Previously 

collected vertical hydraulic conductivity data from two 

earlier studies were combined with the data collected 

along the Viburnum Trend for this report. The combined vertical hydraulic conductivity data set was not 

normally distributed and attempts to transform the data 

into a normal distribution failed. Consequently, the 

nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was chosen to test the null hypothesis that the vertical hydraulic 

conductivity of the St. Francois confining unit was similar along the Viburnum Trend and in the west and east 

exploration areas.

A comparison of the vertical hydraulic conductivities of rock core samples from the St. Francois confining unit shows the Viburnum Trend and west and 

east exploration areas are statistically different. The 

vertical hydraulic conductivity values generally are the 

largest in the Viburnum Trend and are smallest in the 

west exploration area. The statistical differences in 

these values do not appear to be attributed strictly to 

either the Derby-Doerun Dolomite or Davis Formation, 

but instead they are caused by the differences in the car-
References 29

bonate vertical hydraulic conductivity values at the 

three locations.

The calculated effective vertical hydraulic conductivity range for the St. Francois confining unit at 

each location is: 2 x 10-13 to 3 x 10-12 ft/s for the Viburnum Trend; 3 x 10-14 (minimum reporting level) to 1 x 

10-12 ft/s for the west exploration area; and 3 x 10-13 to 

2 x 10-12 ft/s for the east exploration area. Based on the 

calculated vertical hydraulic conductivity ranges, the 

St. Francois confining unit is considered ‘tight’ at all 

locations, but in relation to each other, the unit in the 

west exploration area is the tightest, and the unit in the 

Viburnum Trend is most conductive area. No apparent 

large cones of depression have developed in the potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer as a result of 

mining activity along the Viburnum Trend. Therefore, 

using similar mining practices as those along the Viburnum Trend, no large cones of depression in the Ozark 

aquifer would be expected in the exploration areas, 

unless preferred-path secondary permeability has 

developed along faults or fractures or resulted from 

exploration activities.

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Arkansas, Kansas, and Oklahoma—Ozark aquifer: 

U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations 

Atlas HA–711–E, 3 sheets.

Imes, J.L., and Emmett, L.F., 1994, Geohydrology of 

the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system in parts of Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Kansas: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 1414–D, 

127 p.

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ground-water levels in the Ozark aquifer in the 

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Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00–4293, 28 p.

Kleeschulte, M.J., and Seeger, C.M., 2000, Depositional environment, stratigraphy, and vertical 

hydraulic conductivity of the St. Francois confining unit in the Fristoe Unit of the Mark Twain 

National Forest, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water-Resources Investigations Report 00–4037, 

65 p.

———2001, Stratigraphy and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the St. Francois confining unit in 

townships 25–27 N. and ranges 01–02 W., southeastern Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 01–4270, 63 p.

Lohman, S.W., and others, 1972, Definitions of 

selected ground-water terms—Revisions and conceptual refinements: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water-Supply Paper 1988, 21 p.

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30 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri

Miller, D.E., and Vandike, J.E., 1997, Groundwater 

resources of Missouri, in Missouri State Water 

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and Resource Assessment, Water Resources 

Report Number 46, v. II, 210 p.

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Gregg, J.M., Palmer, J.R., and Kurtz, V.E., eds., 

Field guide to the Upper Cambrian of southeastern 

Missouri: stratigraphy, sedimentology, and economic geology: Rolla, University of Missouri, 

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depositional environments in the Cambrian System, in Martin, J.A., and Pratt, W.P., eds., Geology 

and mineral-resource assessment of the Springfield 1o x 2o quadrangle, Missouri, as appraised in 

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TABLES
32 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri Table 1. Viburnum Trend core log analysis data [DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data; a, net shale determined by detailed core log] Site number (fig. 4) Latitude (DDMMSS) Longitude (DDDMMSS) Borehole identification Local well number Altitude of land surface Borehole depth Derby-Doerun Dolomite Davis Formation Thickness of St. Francois confining unit Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Total Net shale 1 372446 0910540 ML-019576 T31N R01W 06BACr 1,198 1,741 780 418 140 920 278 160 300 -- 2 372257 0910057 ML-019013 T31N R01W 14ACA 980 1,184 575 405 110 685 295 175 285 -- 3 372059 0910035 CL-CO-1 T31N R01W 25CB 1,100 -- 806 294 -- 852 248 -- 216 38 4 372351 0910717 CL-AC-37 T31N R02W 11AAA 1,160 -- 780 380 -- 897 263 -- -- -- 5 372235 0910920 CL-AC-84 T31N R02W 15CBB 1,100 -- 728 372 -- 844 256 -- -- -- 6 372241 0911102 CL-AC-45 T31N R02W 17DBB 1,270 -- 800 470 -- 900 370 -- -- -- 7 372125 0910821 CL-LC-12 T31N R02W 23CC 1,170 -- 589 581 -- 690 480 -- 300 82 8 372127 0910816 ML-024235 T31N R02W 23CCCr 1,120 1,200 570 550 120 690 430 170 290 -- 9 372140 0910651 ML-024242 T31N R02W 24CACr 1,180 1,400 750 430 140 890 290 165 305 -- 10 372027 0910924 CL-LC-503 T31N R02W 34BBB 1,000 -- 758 242 -- 871 129 -- -- -- 11 372003 0910833 CL-02S-09 T31N R02W 34DAA 947 -- -- -- -- 838 109 158 -- -- 12 372946 0910330 CL-MW 417 T32N R01W 04CAA 850 824 275 575 105 380 470 155 260 56 13 372936 0910511 ML-019072 T32N R01W 06DCr 916 1,235 375 541 130 505 411 150 280 -- 14 372913 0910438 ML-019008 T32N R01W 08BBD 898 955 320 578 120 440 458 155 275 -- 15 372747 0910054 ML-018761 T32N R01W 14DCD 840 794 205 635 115 320 520 165 280 -- 16 372801 0910512 ML-019007 T32N R01W 18ADC 1,260 1,205 680 580 100 780 480 150 250 -- 17 372752 0910605 CL-61W41 T32N R01W 18CBC 1,054 -- 500 554 90 590 464 146 236 -- 18 372719 0910508 ML-019441 T32N R01W 19AAC 980 1,124 455 525 115 570 410 160 275 -- 19 372648 0910527 CL-60W130 T32N R01W 19DCB 1,074 -- 530 544 117 647 427 153 270 -- 20 372628 0910223 ML-018699 T32N R01W 27BDC 900 950 400 500 135 535 365 160 295 -- 21 372639 0910418 ML-018922 T32N R01W 29ABB 896 1,367 445 451 105 550 346 155 260 -- 22 372552 0910447 ML-019019 T32N R01W 29CCD 1,165 1,722 715 450 120 835 330 155 275 -- 23 372627 0910520 ML-018840 T32N R01W 30ABD 920 1,059 385 535 140 525 395 145 285 -- 24 372616 0910530 ML-018927 T32N R01W 30ACC 957 1,030 415 542 125 540 417 155 280 -- 25 372603 0910543 ML-020135 T32N R01W 30CAC 966 1,064 450 516 125 575 391 150 275 -- 26 372517 0910432 CL-1-RY T32N R01W 32CACr 1,130 1,313 721 409 100 821 309 158 258 77 27 372944 0910620 ML-018944 T32N R02W 01ADB 1,034 1,384 515 519 135 650 384 150 285 -- 28 372952 0910656 ML-019432 T32N R02W 01BBD 914 1,035 430 484 135 565 349 150 285 -- 29 372926 0910701 ML-018894 T32N R02W 01CBD 924 1,060 425 499 140 565 359 155 295 -- 30 372931 0910632 ML-018857 T32N R02W 01DBN2 910 1,310 425 485 130 555 355 195 325 --
Tables 33

Site 

number 

(fig. 4)

Latitude 

(DDMMSS)

Longitude 

(DDDMMSS)

Borehole 

identification Local well number

Altitude 

of land 

surface

Borehole 

depth

Bonneterre Formation Lamotte Sandstone Precambrian

Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude

1 372446 0910540 ML-019576 T31N R01W 06BACr 1,198 1,741 1,080 118 300 1,380 -182 360 1,740 -5422 372257 0910057 ML-019013 T31N R01W 14ACA 980 1,184 860 120 290 1,150 -170 -- -- --3 372059 0910035 CL-CO-1 T31N R01W 25CB 1,100 -- 1,022 78 -- -- -- -- -- --4 372351 0910717 CL-AC-37 T31N R02W 11AAA 1,160 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --5 372235 0910920 CL-AC-84 T31N R02W 15CBB 1,100 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --6 372241 0911102 CL-AC-45 T31N R02W 17DBB 1,270 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --7 372125 0910821 CL-LC-12 T31N R02W 23CC 1,170 -- 889 281 -- -- -- -- -- --8 372127 0910816 ML-024235 T31N R02W 23CCCr 1,120 1,200 860 260 310 1,170 -50 -- -- --9 372140 0910651 ML-024242 T31N R02W 24CACr 1,180 1,400 1,055 125 325 1,380 -200 -- -- --

10 372027 0910924 CL-LC-503 T31N R02W 34BBB 1,000 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --11 372003 0910833 CL-02S-09 T31N R02W 34DAA 947 -- 996 -49 -- -- -- -- -- --12 372946 0910330 CL-MW417 T32N R01W 04CAA 850 824 535 315 250 785 65 -- -- --13 372936 0910511 ML-019072 T32N R01W 06DCr 916 1,235 655 261 325 980 -64 250 1,230 -31414 372913 0910438 ML-019008 T32N R01W 08BBD 898 955 595 303 255 850 48 100 950 -5215 372747 0910054 ML-018761 T32N R01W 14DCD 840 794 485 355 260 745 95 -- -- --16 372801 0910512 ML-019007 T32N R01W 18ADC 1,260 1,205 930 330 -- -- -- -- 1,192 6817 372752 0910605 CL-61W41 T32N R01W 18CBC 1,054 -- 736 318 -- -- -- -- -- --18 372719 0910508 ML-019441 T32N R01W 19AAC 980 1,124 730 250 280 1,010 -30 100 1,110 -13019 372648 0910527 CL-60W130 T32N R01W 19DCB 1,074 -- 800 274 244 1,044 30 -- -- --20 372628 0910223 ML-018699 T32N R01W 27BDC 900 950 695 205 250 945 -45 -- -- --21 372639 0910418 ML-018922 T32N R01W 29ABB 896 1,367 705 191 290 995 -99 340 1,335 -43922 372552 0910447 ML-019019 T32N R01W 29CCD 1,165 1,722 990 175 320 1,310 -145 355 1,665 -50023 372627 0910520 ML-018840 T32N R01W 30ABD 920 1,059 670 250 280 950 -30 80 1,030 -11024 372616 0910530 ML-018927 T32N R01W 30ACC 957 1,030 695 262 280 975 -18 35 1,010 -5325 372603 0910543 ML-020135 T32N R01W 30CAC 966 1,064 725 241 315 1,040 -74 -- -- --26 372517 0910432 CL-1RY T32N R01W 32CACr 1,130 1,313 979 151 320 1,299 -169 -- -- --27 372944 0910620 ML-018944 T32N R02W 01ADB 1,034 1,384 800 234 310 1,110 -76 270 1,380 -34628 372952 0910656 ML-019432 T32N R02W 01BBD 914 1,035 715 199 300 1,015 -101 -- -- --29 372926 0910701 ML-018894 T32N R02W 01CBD 924 1,060 720 204 305 1,025 -101 -- -- --30 372931 0910632 ML-018857 T32N R02W 01DBN2 910 1,310 750 160 253 1,003 -93 302 1,305 -395

Table 1. Viburnum Trend core log analysis data—Continued

[DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data; a, net shale determined by detailed core log]
34 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri Site number (fig. 4) Latitude (DDMMSS) Longitude (DDDMMSS) Borehole identification Local well number Altitude of land surface Borehole depth Derby-Doerun Dolomite Davis Formation Thickness of St. Francois confining unit Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Total Net shale 31 372906 0910718 ML-019678 T32N R02W 11AAN2 995 1,108 495 500 120 615 380 160 280 -- 32 372852 0910736 CL-60W166 T32N R02W 11ACA 1,192 -- 736 456 74 810 382 149 223 -- 33 372851 0910638 ML-018896 T32N R02W 12ACW2 962 1,025 425 537 120 545 417 140 260 -- 34 372841 0910641 CL-60W189 T32N R02W 12DBC 1,023 -- 547 477 84 631 393 150 234 -- 35 372737 0910643 CL-73C04 T32N R02W 13DCB 1,220 -- 735 485 81 816 404 150 231 86a 36 372800 0910727 CL-60W144 T32N R02W 14ADB 1,216 -- -- -- -- 876 340 150 -- -- 37 372808 0910800 ML-019674 T32N R02W 14BAC 1,200 1,380 780 420 125 905 295 145 270 -- 38 372755 0911058 CL-HA-11 T32N R02W 17 1,310 -- 908 402 -- 1,016 294 -- 300 72 39 372637 0910728 CL-92W57 T32N R02W 23DDC 1,101 -- -- -- -- 788 313 150 -- -- 40 372702 0910626 CL-59W63 T32N R02W 24ADC 1,051 -- 595 456 85 680 371 159 244 -- 41 372639 0910627 ML-019020 T32N R02W 24DCD 952 1,040 455 497 85 540 412 155 240 -- 42 372615 0910627 CL-60W03 T32N R02W 25ADB 1,092 -- 636 456 77 713 379 159 236 -- 43 372545 0910802 CL-89W17 T32N R02W 26CDC 1,232 -- 811 421 80 891 341 163 243 -- 44 372606 0910807 ML-020617 T32N R02W 26W2Cr 1,082 1,229 605 477 145 750 332 160 305 -- 45 372458 0911150 ML-019404 T32N R02W 31DDC 1,140 1,480 755 385 125 880 260 160 285 -- 46 372503 0911013 ML-019937 T32N R02W 33CDB 1,293 1,881 920 373 125 1,045 248 155 280 -- 47 372512 0910814 CL-RC-106 T32N R02W 35CBA 1,218 -- -- -- -- 895 323 158 -- -- 48 372456 0910721 CL-98W14 T32N R02W 35DDD 1,194 -- 795 399 130 925 269 106 236 -- 49 372456 0910652 CL-66-593 T32N R02W 36BDB 1,213 -- 822 391 111 933 280 151 262 -- 50 372507 0910646 ML-018970 T32N R02W 36CAD 1,142 1,550 715 427 135 850 292 155 290 -- 51 373521 0910123 CL-3-MR T33N R01W 02CBB 1,238 990 435 803 110 545 693 165 275 20 52 373458 0910306 ML-019703 T33N R01W 04CAD 1,043 885 360 683 110 470 573 130 240 -- 53 373508 0910546 CL-64-746 T33N R01W 06BB 1,192 -- 491 701 90 581 611 143 233 -- 54 373401 0910552 ML-018630 T33N R01W 07CBB 1,095 665 285 810 100 385 710 130 230 -- 55 373355 0910549 CL-64-696 T33N R01W 07CCB 1,085 -- 200 885 198 398 687 125 323 -- 56 373344 0910555 ML-024592 T33N R01W 07CCC 1,200 475 457 743 -- -- -- -- -- -- 57 373338 0905955 ML-024244 T33N R01W 13CAE2 997 565 180 817 110 290 707 155 265 -- 58 373351 0910124 ML-020973 T33N R01W 14BBC 936 826 275 661 105 380 556 125 230 -- 59 373337 0910549 CL-448 T33N R01W 18BBB 1,200 -- 462 738 -- 568 632 -- -- 92 60 373158 0910158 CL-5-MR T33N R01W 27AW2 1,001 -- 406 595 -- 490 511 -- 219 43 Table 1. Viburnum Trend core log analysis data—Continued [DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data; a, net shale determined by detailed core log]
Tables 35

Site 

number 

(fig. 4)

Latitude 

(DDMMSS)

Longitude 

(DDDMMSS)

Borehole 

identification Local well number

Altitude 

of land 

surface

Borehole 

depth

Bonneterre Formation Lamotte Sandstone Precambrian

Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude

31 372906 0910718 ML-019678 T32N R02W 11AAN2 995 1,108 775 220 325 1,100 -105 -- -- --32 372852 0910736 CL-60W166 T32N R02W 11ACA 1,192 -- 959 233 322 1,281 -89 -- -- --33 372851 0910638 ML-018896 T32N R02W 12ACW2 962 1,025 685 277 315 1,000 -38 -- -- --34 372841 0910641 CL-60W189 T32N R02W 12DBC 1,023 -- 781 243 306 1,087 -64 -- -- --35 372737 0910643 CL-73C04 T32N R02W 13DCB 1,220 -- 966 254 301 1,267 -47 -- -- --36 372800 0910727 CL-60W144 T32N R02W 14ADB 1,216 -- 1,026 190 317 1,343 -127 -- -- --37 372808 0910800 ML-019674 T32N R02W 14BAC 1,200 1,380 1,050 150 -- -- -- -- -- --38 372755 0911058 CL-HA-11 T32N R02W 17 1,310 -- 1,208 102 -- -- -- -- -- --39 372637 0910728 CL-92W57 T32N R02W 23DDC 1,101 -- 938 163 327 1,265 -164 -- -- --40 372702 0910626 CL-59W63 T32N R02W 24ADC 1,051 -- 839 212 314 1,153 -102 -- -- --41 372639 0910627 ML-019020 T32N R02W 24DCD 952 1,040 695 257 300 995 -43 35 1,030 -7842 372615 0910627 CL-60W03 T32N R02W 25ADB 1,092 -- 872 220 294 1,166 -74 -- -- --43 372545 0910802 CL-89W17 T32N R02W 26CDC 1,232 -- 1,054 178 310 1,364 -132 -- -- --44 372606 0910807 ML-020617 T32N R02W 26W2Cr 1,082 1,229 910 172 310 1,220 -138 -- -- --45 372458 0911150 ML-019404 T32N R02W 31DDC 1,140 1,480 1,040 100 330 1,370 -230 -- -- --46 372503 0911013 ML-019937 T32N R02W 33CDB 1,293 1,881 1,200 93 324 1,524 -231 351 1,875 -58247 372512 0910814 CL-RC-106 T32N R02W 35CBA 1,218 -- 1,053 165 -- -- -- -- -- --48 372456 0910721 CL-98W14 T32N R02W 35DDD 1,194 -- 1,031 163 337 1,368 -174 -- -- --49 372456 0910652 CL-66-593 T32N R02W 36BDB 1,213 -- 1,084 129 -- -- -- -- -- --50 372507 0910646 ML-018970 T32N R02W 36CAD 1,142 1,550 1,005 137 315 1,320 -178 -- -- --51 373521 0910123 CL-3MR T33N R01W 02CBB 1,238 990 710 528 270 980 258 -- -- --52 373458 0910306 ML-019703 T33N R01W 04CAD 1,043 885 600 443 275 875 168 -- -- --53 373508 0910546 CL-64-746 T33N R01W 06BB 1,192 -- 724 468 -- -- -- -- -- --54 373401 0910552 ML-018630 T33N R01W 07CBB 1,095 665 515 580 -- -- -- -- 615 48055 373355 0910549 CL-64-696 T33N R01W 07CCB 1,085 -- 523 562 -- -- -- -- -- --56 373344 0910555 ML-024592 T33N R01W 07CCC 1,200 475 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --57 373338 0905955 ML-024244 T33N R01W 13CAE2 997 565 445 552 -- -- -- -- 555 44258 373351 0910124 ML-020973 T33N R01W 14BBC 936 826 505 431 270 775 161 -- -- --59 373337 0910549 CL-448 T33N R01W 18BBB 1,200 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --60 373158 0910158 CL-5-MR T33N R01W 27AW2 1,001 -- 625 376 -- -- -- -- -- --

Table 1. Viburnum Trend core log analysis data—Continued

[DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data; a, net shale determined by detailed core log]
36 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri Site number (fig. 4) Latitude (DDMMSS) Longitude (DDDMMSS) Borehole identification Local well number Altitude of land surface Borehole depth Derby-Doerun Dolomite Davis Formation Thickness of St. Francois confining unit Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Total Net shale 61 373110 0910554 ML-024238 T33N R01W 30CCCr 1,000 810 590 410 92 682 318 -- -- -- 62 373023 0910546 ML-019430 T33N R01W 31CCCr 965 1,232 395 570 115 510 455 145 260 -- 63 373503 0910629 CL-93DR01 T33N R02W 01ABC 1,291 -- 646 645 69 715 576 144 213 -- 64 373453 0910654 ML-024231 T33N R02W 01BCD 1,280 875 615 665 125 740 540 -- -- -- 65 373400 0911147 CL-CN-280 T33N R02W 07 1,300 -- 734 566 -- 800 500 -- -- 60 66 373334 0910829 ML-024230 T33N R02W 10DDC 1,320 1,274 635 685 75 710 610 128 203 -- 67 373349 0910728 CL-96B02 T33N R02W 11DBD 1,268 -- 678 590 82 760 508 148 230 -- 68 373337 0910737 CL-84B09 T33N R02W 11DCC 1,217 -- -- -- -- 699 518 146 -- 64a 69 373412 0910649 CL-92DR03 T33N R02W 12BA 1,281 -- 650 631 80 730 551 167 247 -- 70 373353 0910646 CL-02B-06 T33N R02W 12CAB 1,123 -- -- -- -- 519 604 128 -- -- 71 373326 0910608 CL-64-743 T33N R02W 13AAA 1,202 -- 368 834 144 512 690 128 272 -- 72 373326 0910727 CL-84B02 T33N R02W 14ABA 1,232 -- -- -- -- 699 533 151 -- 88a 73 373318 0910754 CL-94B01 T33N R02W 14BDB 1,338 -- 776 562 90 866 472 161 251 -- 74 373238 0910836 ML-024229 T33N R02W 22ABA 1,200 945 645 555 150 795 405 -- -- -- 75 373236 0910632 ML-024251 T33N R02W 24ABB 1,200 915 665 535 -- -- -- -- -- -- 76 373129 0910649 CL-96B06 T33N R02W 25BDB 1,193 -- 691 502 95 786 407 134 229 -- 77 373118 0910736 CL-93B12 T33N R02W 26DBB 1,250 -- 756 494 92 848 402 146 238 -- 78 373051 0910745 ML-024587 T33N R02W 35BAA 1,150 650 610 540 -- -- -- -- -- -- 79 373037 0910745 CL-79B14 T33N R02W 35BDA 1,143 -- 662 481 75 737 406 149 224 82a 80 373046 0910638 CL-99B11 T33N R02W 36ABC 1,196 -- 680 516 90 770 426 146 236 -- 81 373025 0910644 ML-020150 T33N R02W 36C 1,012 1,070 485 527 140 625 387 145 285 -- 82 373017 0910624 ML-020618 T33N R02W 36D 981 1,060 450 531 140 590 391 150 290 -- 83 374132 0910101 CL-12-EE T34N R01W 02BBD 1,199 587 150 1,049 125 275 924 143 268 50 84 374136 0910212 ML-019697 T34N R01W 03BBCr 1,095 610 65 1,030 105 170 925 140 245 -- 85 374034 0910247 ML-019494 T34N R01W 04S2AC 1,211 845 290 921 115 405 806 134 249 -- 86 374136 0910429 ML-019562 T34N R01W 05N2BB 1,155 825 295 860 100 395 760 145 245 -- 87 374043 0910541 ML-020970 T34N R01W 06CBN2 1,109 775 110 999 -- -- -- -- -- -- 88 374123 0910528 ML-019574 T34N R01W 06N2BC 1,296 840 280 1,016 130 410 886 150 280 -- 89 374031 0910519 ML-019515 T34N R01W 06S2N2Cr 1,185 600 315 870 110 425 760 140 250 -- 90 374020 0910508 CL-1079 T34N R01W 06D 1,261 -- 450 811 -- 544 717 -- 232 46 Table 1. Viburnum Trend core log analysis data—Continued [DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data; a, net shale determined by detailed core log]
Tables 37

Site 

number 

(fig. 4)

Latitude 

(DDMMSS)

Longitude 

(DDDMMSS)

Borehole 

identification Local well number

Altitude 

of land 

surface

Borehole 

depth

Bonneterre Formation Lamotte Sandstone Precambrian

Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude

61 373110 0910554 ML-024238 T33N R01W 30CCCr 1,000 810 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --62 373023 0910546 ML-019430 T33N R01W 31CCCr 965 1,232 655 310 305 960 5 -- -- --63 373503 0910629 CL-93DR01 T33N R02W 01ABC 1,291 -- 859 432 282 1,141 150 -- -- --64 373453 0910654 ML-024231 T33N R02W 01BCD 1,280 875 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --65 373400 0911147 CL-CN-280 T33N R02W 07 1,300 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --66 373334 0910829 ML-024230 T33N R02W 10DDC 1,320 1,274 838 482 417 1,255 65 -- -- --67 373349 0910728 CL-96B02 T33N R02W 11DBD 1,268 -- 908 360 300 1,208 60 -- -- --68 373337 0910737 CL-84B09 T33N R02W 11DCC 1,217 -- 845 372 251 1,096 121 -- -- --69 373412 0910649 CL-92DR03 T33N R02W 12BA 1,281 -- 897 384 260 1,157 124 -- -- --70 373353 0910646 CL-02B-06 T33N R02W 12CAB 1,123 -- 647 476 -- -- -- -- -- --71 373326 0910608 CL-64-743 T33N R02W 13AAA 1,202 -- 640 562 -- -- -- -- -- --72 373326 0910727 CL-84B02 T33N R02W 14ABA 1,232 -- 850 382 286 1,136 96 -- -- --73 373318 0910754 CL-94B01 T33N R02W 14BDB 1,338 -- 1,027 311 281 1,308 30 -- -- --74 373238 0910836 ML-024229 T33N R02W 22ABA 1,200 945 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --75 373236 0910632 ML-024251 T33N R02W 24ABB 1,200 915 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --76 373129 0910649 CL-96B06 T33N R02W 25BDB 1,193 -- 920 273 282 1,202 -9 -- -- --77 373118 0910736 CL-93B12 T33N R02W 26DBB 1,250 -- 994 257 304 1,298 -48 -- -- --78 373051 0910745 ML-024587 T33N R02W 35BAA 1,150 650 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --79 373037 0910745 CL-79B14 T33N R02W 35BDA 1,143 -- 886 257 305 1,191 -48 -- -- --80 373046 0910638 CL-99B11 T33N R02W 36ABC 1,196 -- 916 280 299 1,215 -19 -- -- --81 373025 0910644 ML-020150 T33N R02W 36C 1,012 1,070 770 242 295 1,065 -53 -- -- --82 373017 0910624 ML-020618 T33N R02W 36D 981 1,060 740 241 305 1,045 -64 -- -- --83 374132 0910101 CL-12EE T34N R01W 02BBD 1,199 587 418 781 -- -- -- -- 577 62284 374136 0910212 ML-019697 T34N R01W 03BBCr 1,095 610 310 785 270 580 515 10 590 50585 374034 0910247 ML-019494 T34N R01W 04S2AC 1,211 845 539 672 -- -- -- -- -- --86 374136 0910429 ML-019562 T34N R01W 05N2BB 1,155 825 540 615 -- -- -- -- -- --87 374043 0910541 ML-020970 T34N R01W 06CBN2 1,109 775 -- -- -- -- -- -- 752 35788 374123 0910528 ML-019574 T34N R01W 06N2BC 1,296 840 560 736 275 835 461 -- -- --89 374031 0910519 ML-019515 T34N R01W 06S2N2C 1,185 600 565 620 -- -- -- -- -- --90 374020 0910508 CL-1079 T34N R01W 06D 1,261 -- 682 579 -- -- -- -- -- --

Table 1. Viburnum Trend core log analysis data—Continued

[DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data; a, net shale determined by detailed core log]
38 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri Site number (fig. 4) Latitude (DDMMSS) Longitude (DDDMMSS) Borehole identification Local well number Altitude of land surface Borehole depth Derby-Doerun Dolomite Davis Formation Thickness of St. Francois confining unit Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Total Net shale 91 373933 0910435 ML-019700 T34N R01W 07ADA 1,296 1,090 540 756 110 650 646 155 265 -- 92 373952 0910100 ML-023807 T34N R01W 11BCD 1,130 670 120 1,010 87 207 923 143 230 -- 93 373719 0910331 ML-018837 T34N R01W 20DDD 1,282 1,132 530 752 135 665 617 160 295 -- 94 373657 0910554 CL-64-740 T34N R01W 30BBB 1,336 -- 654 682 67 721 615 215 282 -- 95 373524 0910554 CL-64-698 T34N R01W 31CC 1,213 -- 540 673 124 664 549 158 282 -- 96 373531 0910359 ML-019252 T34N R01W 32DCS2 1,315 1,080 485 830 165 650 665 141 306 -- 97 373555 0910136 ML-018467 T34N R01W 34DDC 960 764 240 720 85 325 635 100 185 -- 98 374138 0910654 CL-92V37 T34N R02W 01BBB 1,226 -- 411 816 80 491 736 159 239 -- 99 374029 0910652 CL-90V51 T34N R02W 01CBB 1,260 -- -- -- -- 633 627 150 -- -- 100 374035 0910708 CL-95V47 T34N R02W 02DAA 1,310 -- 624 686 67 691 619 143 210 -- 101 374016 0910714 CL-88V15 T34N R02W 02DAD 1,299 -- -- -- -- 669 630 155 -- 69a 102 374137 0910815 ML-018839 T34N R02W 03N2AA 1,255 1,146 530 725 125 655 600 165 290 -- 103 374128 0910813 ML-018863 T34N R02W 03N2AD 1,258 1,136 530 728 125 655 603 170 295 -- 104 373955 0910939 CL-MW 134 T34N R02W 04DC 1,259 -- 598 661 59 657 602 159 218 77a 105 373901 0911028 CL-MW 132 T34N R02W 08DAD 1,257 -- 609 648 69 678 579 158 227 77a 106 373854 0911033 CL-USA-14 T34N R02W 08DDC 1,221 -- 581 640 -- 662 559 -- 239 52 107 373900 0911004 CL-MW 177 T34N R02W 09 1,190 -- 420 770 62 482 708 145 207 62a 108 373850 0911002 CL-MW 170 T34N R02W 09CD 1,240 -- 599 641 63 662 578 157 220 74a 109 373911 0910911 CL-MW 114 T34N R02W 10CB 1,283 -- 548 735 81 629 654 156 237 -- 110 373908 0910914 CL-MW 184 T34N R02W 10CBB 1,302 -- 535 767 51 586 716 147 198 49a 111 373856 0910908 CL-VLP-10-02 T34N R02W 10CC 1,298 -- -- -- -- 658 640 154 -- -- 112 373931 0910758 CL-88V03 T34N R02W 11BB 1,270 -- -- -- -- 557 713 161 -- 104a 113 373855 0910623 CL-84V39 T34N R02W 12DC 1,321 -- -- -- -- 722 599 149 -- 72a 114 373806 0910803 ML-027408 T34N R02W 14CCB 1,374 860 705 669 135 840 534 -- -- -- 115 373807 0910736 CL-64-709 T34N R02W 14DBC 1,330 -- 665 665 119 784 546 136 255 -- 116 373828 0910903 CL-VLP15-47 T34N R02W 15BC 1,323 -- 660 663 115 775 548 157 272 -- 117 373820 0910950 CL-MW 182 T34N R02W 16CAA 1,165 -- 575 590 46 621 544 157 203 64a 118 373801 0911010 CL-MW 143 T34N R02W 16CC 1,208 -- 595 613 72 667 541 156 228 79a 119 373708 0911204 ML-016824 T34N R02W 19CDD 1,170 525 440 730 -- -- -- -- -- -- 120 373729 0910715 CL-64-738 T34N R02W 23BDC 1,353 -- 593 760 158 751 602 223 381 -- Table 1. Viburnum Trend core log analysis data—Continued [DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data; a, net shale determined by detailed core log]
Tables 39

Site 

number 

(fig. 4)

Latitude 

(DDMMSS)

Longitude 

(DDDMMSS)

Borehole 

identification Local well number

Altitude 

of land 

surface

Borehole 

depth

Bonneterre Formation Lamotte Sandstone Precambrian

Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude

91 373933 0910435 ML-019700 T34N R01W 07ADA 1,296 1,090 805 491 -- -- -- -- -- --92 373952 0910100 ML-023807 T34N R01W 11BCD 1,130 670 350 780 290 640 490 -- -- --93 373719 0910331 ML-018837 T34N R01W 20DDD 1,282 1,132 825 457 250 1,075 207 -- -- --94 373657 0910554 CL-64-740 T34N R01W 30BBB 1,336 -- 936 400 -- -- -- -- -- --95 373524 0910554 CL-64-698 T34N R01W 31CC 1,213 -- 822 391 -- -- -- -- -- --96 373531 0910359 ML-019252 T34N R01W 32DCS2 1,315 1,080 791 524 267 1,058 257 -- -- --97 373555 0910136 ML-018467 T34N R01W 34DDC 960 764 425 535 295 720 240 -- -- --98 374138 0910654 CL-92V37 T34N R02W 01BBB 1,226 -- 650 577 285 935 292 -- -- --99 374029 0910652 CL-90V51 T34N R02W 01CBB 1,260 -- 783 477 272 1,055 205 -- -- --

100 374035 0910708 CL-95V47 T34N R02W 02DAA 1,310 -- 834 476 275 1,109 201 -- -- --101 374016 0910714 CL-88V15 T34N R02W 02DAD 1,299 -- 824 475 273 1,097 202 -- -- --102 374137 0910815 ML-018839 T34N R02W 03N2AA 1,255 1,146 820 435 285 1,105 150 -- -- --103 374128 0910813 ML-018863 T34N R02W 03N2AD 1,258 1,136 825 433 275 1,100 158 -- -- --104 373955 0910939 CL-MW 134 T34N R02W 04DC 1,259 -- 816 443 289 1,105 154 -- -- --105 373901 0911028 CL-MW 132 T34N R02W 08DAD 1,257 -- 836 421 311 1,147 110 -- -- --106 373854 0911033 CL-USA-14 T34N R02W 08DDC 1,221 -- 820 401 -- -- -- -- -- --107 373900 0911004 CL-MW 177 T34N R02W 09 1,190 -- 626 564 -- -- -- -- -- --108 373850 0911002 CL-MW 170 T34N R02W 09CD 1,240 -- 819 421 307 1,126 114 -- -- --109 373911 0910911 CL-MW 114 T34N R02W 10CB 1,283 -- 784 499 279 1,063 220 -- -- --110 373908 0910914 CL-MW 184 T34N R02W 10CBB 1,302 -- 733 569 -- -- -- -- -- --111 373856 0910908 CL-VLP-10-02 T34N R02W 10CC 1,298 -- 812 486 286 1,097 201 -- -- --112 373931 0910758 CL-88V03 T34N R02W 11BB 1,270 -- 717 553 -- -- -- -- -- --113 373855 0910623 CL-84V39 T34N R02W 12DC 1,321 -- 871 450 284 1,155 166 -- -- --114 373806 0910803 ML-027408 T34N R02W 14CCB 1,374 860 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --115 373807 0910736 CL-64-709 T34N R02W 14DBC 1,330 -- 920 410 -- -- -- -- -- --116 373828 0910903 CL-VLP15-47 T34N R02W 15BC 1,323 -- 932 391 -- -- -- -- -- --117 373820 0910950 CL-MW 182 T34N R02W 16CAA 1,165 -- 778 387 295 1,073 92 -- -- --118 373801 0911010 CL-MW 143 T34N R02W 16CC 1,208 -- 823 385 309 1,132 77 -- -- --119 373708 0911204 ML-016824 T34N R02W 19CDD 1,170 525 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --120 373729 0910715 CL-64-738 T34N R02W 23BDC 1,353 -- 974 379 -- -- -- -- -- --

Table 1. Viburnum Trend core log analysis data—Continued

[DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data; a, net shale determined by detailed core log]
40 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri Site number (fig. 4) Latitude (DDMMSS) Longitude (DDDMMSS) Borehole identification Local well number Altitude of land surface Borehole depth Derby-Doerun Dolomite Davis Formation Thickness of St. Francois confining unit Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Total Net shale 121 373729 0910616 CL-64-729 T34N R02W 24ACD 1,300 -- 585 715 135 720 580 153 288 -- 122 373721 0910620 CL-MW 436 T34N R02W 24DBCr 1,400 1,304 720 680 120 840 560 -- -- 59 123 373651 0910729 CL-64-752 T34N R02W 26ABC 1,400 -- 764 636 110 874 526 152 262 -- 124 373625 0910951 ML-016821 T34N R02W 28CAD 1,185 540 500 685 -- -- -- -- -- -- 125 373628 0911047 ML-016822 T34N R02W 29DBC 1,150 580 455 695 -- -- -- -- -- -- 126 373627 0911147 ML-016823 T34N R02W 30DBD 1,120 495 405 715 -- -- -- -- -- -- 127 374659 0910038 ML-012290 T35N R01W 02BAS2 1,030 645 90 940 115 205 825 115 230 -- 128 374654 0910126 ML-012308 T35N R01W 03ABCr 1,054 877 225 829 110 335 719 175 285 -- 129 374658 0910143 ML-013011 T35N R01W 03BACr 1,025 730 165 860 105 270 755 145 250 -- 130 374631 0910429 ML-012296 T35N R01W 06DACr 1,015 645 55 960 120 175 840 155 275 -- 131 374603 0910240 ML-020388 T35N R01W 09ABN2 940 990 -- -- -- 295 645 20 -- -- 132 374546 0910233 CL-A-201 T35N R01W 09ACD 1,100 -- 305 795 -- 376 724 -- 219 29 133 374544 0910219 ML-019495 T35N R01W 09ADD 1,000 656 60 940 110 170 830 170 280 -- 134 374556 0910042 ML-020353 T35N R01W 11BAS2 1,150 1,172 -- -- -- 450 700 20 -- -- 135 374536 0910036 ML-020382 T35N R01W 11CAN2 1,023 -- -- -- -- 330 693 5 -- -- 136 374428 0905955 ML-012297 T35N R01W 13CCCr 1,059 590 45 1,014 125 170 889 155 280 -- 137 374448 0905859 ML-012164 T35N R01W 13DACr 1,040 575 5 1,035 120 125 915 160 280 -- 138 374429 0905906 ML-012450 T35N R01W 13DDCr 1,157 255 170 987 -- -- -- -- -- -- 139 374512 0910042 CL-CT 9 T35N R01W 14BAN2 1,067 1,020 -- -- -- 375 692 -- -- 46 140 374443 0910025 ML-020229 T35N R01W 14DBB 1,251 1,071 -- -- -- 520 731 10 -- -- 141 374458 0910257 ML-020182 T35N R01W 16BDB 1,009 485 -- -- -- 220 789 10 -- -- 142 374429 0910301 ML-020154 T35N R01W 16CS2Cr 1,077 495 -- -- -- 270 807 5 -- -- 143 374457 0910411 CL-92V40 T35N R01W 17BCA 1,040 -- 195 845 70 265 775 163 233 -- 144 374350 0910510 CL-89V30 T35N R01W 19CA 981 -- 120 861 65 185 796 160 225 -- 145 374404 0910417 ML-013208 T35N R01W 20BCCr 1,124 795 120 1,004 210 330 794 75 285 -- 146 374333 0910401 ML-012293 T35N R01W 20CDCr 1,173 610 195 978 47 242 931 153 200 -- 147 374412 0910146 ML-012304 T35N R01W 22BACr 1,245 859 300 945 115 415 830 155 270 -- 148 374330 0910207 ML-012325 T35N R01W 22CCCr 1,037 632 45 992 120 165 872 160 280 -- 149 374358 0910009 ML-012463 T35N R01W 23ADCr 1,083 200 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 150 374352 0910023 ML-020248 T35N R01W 23DBA 1,246 755 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Table 1. Viburnum Trend core log analysis data—Continued [DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data; a, net shale determined by detailed core log]
Tables 41

Site 

number 

(fig. 4)

Latitude 

(DDMMSS)

Longitude 

(DDDMMSS)

Borehole 

identification Local well number

Altitude 

of land 

surface

Borehole 

depth

Bonneterre Formation Lamotte Sandstone Precambrian

Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude

121 373729 0910616 CL-64-729 T34N R02W 24ACD 1,300 -- 873 427 -- -- -- -- -- --122 373721 0910620 CL-MW436 T34N R02W 24DBCr 1,400 1,304 -- -- -- 1,286 11 -- -- --123 373651 0910729 CL-64-752 T34N R02W 26ABC 1,400 -- 1,026 374 -- -- -- -- -- --124 373625 0910951 ML-016821 T34N R02W 28CAD 1,185 540 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --125 373628 0911047 ML-016822 T34N R02W 29DBC 1,150 580 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --126 373627 0911147 ML-016823 T34N R02W 30DBD 1,120 495 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --127 374659 0910038 ML-012290 T35N R01W 02BAS2 1,030 645 320 710 305 625 405 -- -- --128 374654 0910126 ML-012308 T35N R01W 03ABCr 1,054 877 510 544 330 840 214 -- -- --129 374658 0910143 ML-013011 T35N R01W 03BACr 1,025 730 415 610 280 695 330 -- -- --130 374631 0910429 ML-012296 T35N R01W 06DACr 1,015 645 330 685 290 620 395 -- -- --131 374603 0910240 ML-020388 T35N R01W 09ABN2 940 990 315 625 290 605 335 328 933 7132 374546 0910233 CL-A-201 T35N R01W 09ACD 1,100 -- 524 576 -- -- -- -- -- --133 374544 0910219 ML-019495 T35N R01W 09ADD 1,000 656 340 660 290 630 370 -- -- --134 374556 0910042 ML-020353 T35N R01W 11BAS2 1,150 1,172 470 680 280 750 400 406 1,156 -6135 374536 0910036 ML-020382 T35N R01W 11CAN2 1,023 -- 335 688 260 595 428 -- -- --136 374428 0905955 ML-012297 T35N R01W 13CCCr 1,059 590 325 734 250 575 484 -- -- --137 374448 0905859 ML-012164 T35N R01W 13DACr 1,040 575 285 755 270 555 485 -- -- --138 374429 0905906 ML-012450 T35N R01W 13DDCr 1,157 255 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --139 374512 0910042 CL-CT9 T35N R01W 14BAN2 1,067 1,020 380 687 265 645 422 370 1,015 52140 374443 0910025 ML-020229 T35N R01W 14DBB 1,251 1,071 530 721 265 795 456 235 1,030 221141 374458 0910257 ML-020182 T35N R01W 16BDB 1,009 485 230 779 -- -- -- -- 480 529142 374429 0910301 ML-020154 T35N R01W 16CS2Cr 1,077 495 275 802 -- -- -- -- 490 587143 374457 0910411 CL-92V40 T35N R01W 17BCA 1,040 -- 428 612 238 666 374 -- -- --144 374350 0910510 CL-89V30 T35N R01W 19CA 981 -- 345 636 248 593 388 -- -- --145 374404 0910417 ML-013208 T35N R01W 20BCCr 1,124 795 405 719 260 665 459 100 765 359146 374333 0910401 ML-012293 T35N R01W 20CDCr 1,173 610 395 778 -- -- -- -- 580 593147 374412 0910146 ML-012304 T35N R01W 22BACr 1,245 859 570 675 265 835 410 -- -- --148 374330 0910207 ML-012325 T35N R01W 22CCCr 1,037 632 325 712 265 590 447 -- -- --149 374358 0910009 ML-012463 T35N R01W 23ADCr 1,083 200 125 958 -- -- -- -- -- --150 374352 0910023 ML-020248 T35N R01W 23DBA 1,246 755 500 746 -- -- -- -- -- --

Table 1. Viburnum Trend core log analysis data—Continued

[DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data; a, net shale determined by detailed core log]
42 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri Site number (fig. 4) Latitude (DDMMSS) Longitude (DDDMMSS) Borehole identification Local well number Altitude of land surface Borehole depth Derby-Doerun Dolomite Davis Formation Thickness of St. Francois confining unit Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Total Net shale 151 374337 0910034 ML-020254 T35N R01W 23DCB 1,260 917 245 1,015 -- -- -- -- 275 -- 152 374312 0910029 ML-020272 T35N R01W 26ACN2 1,239 775 -- -- -- 425 814 65 -- -- 153 374257 0910028 ML-020286 T35N R01W 26DBCr 1,284 810 -- -- -- 515 769 10 -- -- 154 374640 0910603 CL-CZ-286 T35N R02W 01BD 1,280 -- 462 818 -- 502 778 -- 178 43 155 374555 0911138 ML-018966 T35N R02W 07 1,145 1,012 360 785 125 485 660 185 310 -- 156 374531 0911014 ML-012462 T35N R02W 08DCCr 882 155 40 842 70 110 772 -- -- -- 157 374527 0910958 ML-012448 T35N R02W 08DDCr 986 175 130 856 -- -- -- -- -- -- 158 374540 0910921 ML-012313 T35N R02W 09CACr 1,000 728 140 860 105 245 755 175 280 -- 159 374533 0910939 ML-012309 T35N R02W 09CCCr 964 598 45 919 115 160 804 185 300 -- 160 374525 0910852 ML-012449 T35N R02W 09DDCr 1,037 235 145 892 -- -- -- -- -- -- 161 374543 0910733 ML-027537 T35N R02W 11CBB 1,100 300 290 810 -- -- -- -- -- -- 162 374542 0910601 CL-94V02 T35N R02W 12CAA 1,036 -- 192 844 73 265 771 132 205 -- 163 374426 0910532 CL-95V22 T35N R02W 13DDD 1,049 -- 197 852 78 275 774 148 226 -- 164 374501 0910733 ML-026096 T35N R02W 14BCCr 1,192 891 280 912 85 365 827 175 260 -- 165 374501 0910853 ML-012285 T35N R02W 16ADCr 1,080 740 175 905 100 275 805 205 305 -- 166 374514 0911000 ML-012446 T35N R02W 17AACr 887 498 30 857 -- -- -- -- -- -- 167 374418 0910804 CL-57VB113 T35N R02W 22AB 1,128 -- -- -- -- 407 721 172 -- -- 168 374342 0910711 CL-89V03 T35N R02W 23CD 1,180 -- 425 755 40 465 715 161 201 -- 169 374310 0910638 CL-96V04 T35N R02W 26ADD 1,107 -- 308 799 77 385 722 175 252 -- 170 374254 0910731 ML-025772 T35N R02W 26CCA 1,241 1,200 455 786 110 565 676 165 275 -- 171 374308 0910820 ML-024337 T35N R02W 27CAA 1,260 1,104 420 840 185 605 655 -- -- -- 172 374332 0910934 ML-018756 T35N R02W 28BAB 1,242 1,095 455 787 205 660 582 170 375 -- 173 374215 0910908 ML-024239 T35N R02W 33DBA 1,193 810 490 703 135 625 568 -- -- -- 174 374151 0910820 CL-426 T35N R02W 34CDD 1,280 -- 584 696 -- 674 606 -- -- 47 175 374226 0910727 CL-96V26 T35N R02W 35BDB 1,190 -- 447 743 91 538 652 158 249 -- Minimum 5 242 40 110 109 5 178 20 25th Quartile 293 522 85 413 403 145 233 48 50th Quartile 462 673 110 605 576 154 260 64 75th Quartile 635 818 125 733 714 160 282 77 Maximum 920 1,049 210 1,045 931 223 381 104 Count 151 151 122 159 159 135 123 31 Table 1. Viburnum Trend core log analysis data—Continued [DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data; a, net shale determined by detailed core log]
Tables 43

Site 

number 

(fig. 4)

Latitude 

(DDMMSS)

Longitude 

(DDDMMSS)

Borehole 

identification Local well number

Altitude 

of land 

surface

Borehole 

depth

Bonneterre Formation Lamotte Sandstone Precambrian

Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude

151 374337 0910034 ML-020254 T35N R01W 23DCB 1,260 917 520 740 260 780 480 116 896 364152 374312 0910029 ML-020272 T35N R01W 26ACN2 1,239 775 490 749 280 770 469 -- -- --153 374257 0910028 ML-020286 T35N R01W 26DBCr 1,284 810 525 759 -- -- -- -- -- --154 374640 0910603 CL-CZ-286 T35N R02W 01BD 1,280 -- 640 640 -- -- -- -- -- --155 374555 0911138 ML-018966 T35N R02W 07 1,145 1,012 670 475 305 975 170 -- -- --156 374531 0911014 ML-012462 T35N R02W 08DCCr 882 155 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --157 374527 0910958 ML-012448 T35N R02W 08DDCr 986 175 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --158 374540 0910921 ML-012313 T35N R02W 09CACr 1,000 728 420 580 280 700 300 15 715 285159 374533 0910939 ML-012309 T35N R02W 09CCCr 964 598 345 619 -- -- -- -- 570 394160 374525 0910852 ML-012449 T35N R02W 09DDCr 1,037 235 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --161 374543 0910733 ML-027537 T35N R02W 11CBB 1,100 300 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --162 374542 0910601 CL-94V02 T35N R02W 12CAA 1,036 -- 397 639 285 682 354 -- -- --163 374426 0910532 CL-95V22 T35N R02W 13DDD 1,049 -- 423 626 249 672 377 -- -- --164 374501 0910733 ML-026096 T35N R02W 14BCCr 1,192 891 540 652 295 835 357 20 855 337165 374501 0910853 ML-012285 T35N R02W 16ADCr 1,080 740 480 600 -- -- -- -- -- --166 374514 0911000 ML-012446 T35N R02W 17AACr 887 498 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --167 374418 0910804 CL-57VB113 T35N R02W 22AB 1,128 -- 579 549 -- -- -- -- -- --168 374342 0910711 CL-89V03 T35N R02W 23CD 1,180 -- 626 554 293 919 261 -- -- --169 374310 0910638 CL-96V04 T35N R02W 26ADD 1,107 -- 560 547 270 830 277 -- -- --170 374254 0910731 ML-025772 T35N R02W 26CCA 1,241 1,200 730 511 295 1,025 216 -- -- --171 374308 0910820 ML-024337 T35N R02W 27CAA 1,260 1,104 -- -- -- 1,070 19 -- -- --172 374332 0910934 ML-018756 T35N R02W 28BAB 1,242 1,095 830 412 245 1,075 167 -- -- --173 374215 0910908 ML-024239 T35N R02W 33DBA 1,193 810 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --174 374151 0910820 CL-426 T35N R02W 34CDD 1,280 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --175 374226 0910727 CL-96V26 T35N R02W 35BDB 1,190 -- 696 494 293 989 201 -- -- --

Minimum 125 -49 238 555 -231 10 480 -58225th Quartile 525 257 270 830 -53 80 640 -12550th Quartile 725 432 290 1,044 114 235 980 6075th Quartile 865 590 305 1,153 277 340 1,183 387Maximum 1,208 958 417 1,524 515 406 1,875 622Count 147 147 103 105 105 21 30 30

Table 1. Viburnum Trend core log analysis data—Continued

[DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data; a, net shale determined by detailed core log]
44 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri Table 2. Adjacent property core log analysis data [DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data] Site number ( fig. 4) Latitude (DDMMSS) Longitude (DDDMMSS) Borehole identification Local well number Altitude of land surface Borehole depth Derby-Doerun Dolomite Davis Formation Thickness of St. Francois confining unit Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Total Net shale 201 371813 0904901 ML-021057 T30N R02E 03DBD 856 1,470 545 311 150 695 161 175 325 -- 202 371802 0904855 ML-021324 T30N R02E 03DDC 769 1,080 445 324 130 575 194 175 305 -- 203 371725 0905205 ML-018562 T30N R02E 07DAD 630 650 165 465 180 345 285 135 315 -- 204 371625 0905117 ML-021596 T30N R02E 17DCA 622 670 195 427 115 310 312 170 285 -- 205 371912 0905640 ML-021245 T30N R01E 04ABE2 832 1,466 465 367 140 605 227 165 305 -- 206 371927 0905852 ML-021326 T30N R01E 06ABA 1,030 1,315 720 310 110 830 200 170 280 -- 207 371653 0905832 ML-021327 T30N R01E 17CCC 769 1,000 515 254 145 660 109 170 315 -- 208 371706 0910239 CL-5-EX T30N R01W 15CDB 980 1,146 755 225 110 865 115 170 280 57 209 371502 0910437 CL-11-EX T30N R01W 32ABC 978 1,565 840 138 115 955 23 235 350 77 210 371505 0910221 ML-018207 T30N R01W 34ABCr 747 1,274 405 342 220 625 122 220 440 -- 211 371452 0910030 CL-EX-16 T30N R01W 36CD 840 -- 777 63 -- 862 -22 198 283 83 212 371757 0910846 CL-LC-810 T30N R02W 10DCD 1,100 -- 965 135 -- 1,065 35 -- -- -- 213 371821 0910722 CL-GO-1 T30N R02W 11ADD 900 1,330 680 220 130 810 90 170 300 79 214 371857 0905129 ML-021246 T31N R02E 32CDD 952 1,470 515 437 120 635 317 160 280 -- 215 372027 0905430 ML-021248 T31N R01E 26AS2Cr 915 1,175 470 445 150 620 295 165 315 -- 216 372021 0905557 ML-021230 T31N R01E 27CDCr 800 984 230 570 125 355 445 175 300 -- 217 372045 0905748 ML-014158 T31N R01E 29DBA 850 405 385 465 -- -- -- -- -- -- 218 371921 0905325 ML-018312 T31N R01E 36ADC 730 994 320 410 175 495 235 210 385 -- 219 372115 0911300 CL-HA-15 T31N R03W 25AAC 1,235 -- -- -- -- 1,132 103 -- -- 87 220 372918 0905033 ML-011886 T32N R02E 04BBB 704 158 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 221 372709 0904758 ML-024737 T32N R02E 14BDD 742 220 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 222 372658 0904932 ML-023928 T32N R02E 15CBC 680 205 30 650 95 125 555 -- -- -- 223 372645 0904915 ML-025419 T32N R02E 15CDC 683 125 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 224 372713 0905002 ML-018803 T32N R02E 16ACC 697 100 25 672 -- -- -- -- -- -- 225 372716 0905104 ML-011451 T32N R02E 17ACS2 723 130 70 653 -- -- -- -- -- -- 226 372712 0905057 ML-023643 T32N R02E 17ACD 717 605 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 227 372648 0905148 ML-020423 T32N R02E 18DDD 685 749 -- -- -- 280 405 30 -- -- 228 372641 0904901 ML-018753 T32N R02E 22ABB 660 560 -- -- -- 25 635 230 -- -- 229 372612 0904906 ML-013326 T32N R02E 22CAA 650 210 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 230 372455 0904619 ML-021598 T32N R02E 25DDD 775 815 -- -- -- 400 375 25 -- --
Tables 45

Site 

number 

(fig. 4)

Latitude 

(DDMMSS)

Longitude 

(DDDMMSS)

Borehole 

identification Local well number

Altitude 

of land 

surface

Borehole 

depth

Bonneterre Formation Lamotte Sandstone Precambrian

Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude

201 371813 0904901 ML-021057 T30N R02E 03DBD 856 1,470 870 -14 295 1,165 -309 260 1,425 -569202 371802 0904855 ML-021324 T30N R02E 03DDC 769 1,080 750 19 315 1,065 -296 -- -- --203 371725 0905205 ML-018562 T30N R02E 07DAD 630 650 480 150 -- -- -- -- 625 5204 371625 0905117 ML-021596 T30N R02E 17DCA 622 670 480 142 -- -- -- -- -- --205 371912 0905640 ML-021245 T30N R01E 04ABE2 832 1,466 770 62 325 1,095 -263 -- -- --206 371927 0905852 ML-021326 T30N R01E 06ABA 1,030 1,315 1,000 30 305 1,305 -275 -- -- --207 371653 0905832 ML-021327 T30N R01E 17CCC 769 1,000 830 -61 -- -- -- -- -- --208 371706 0910239 CL-5-EX T30N R01W 15CDB 980 1,146 1,035 -55 -- -- -- -- -- --209 371502 0910437 CL-11-EX T30N R01W 32ABC 978 1,565 1,190 -212 350 1,540 -562 -- -- --210 371505 0910221 ML-018207 T30N R01W 34ABCr 747 1,274 845 -98 365 1,210 -463 -- -- --211 371452 0910030 CL-EX-16 T30N R01W 36CD 840 -- 1,060 -220 -- -- -- -- -- --212 371757 0910846 CL-LC-810 T30N R02W 10DCD 1,100 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --213 371821 0910722 CL-GO-1 T30N R02W 11ADD 900 1,330 980 -80 340 1,320 -420 -- -- --214 371857 0905129 ML-021246 T31N R02E 32CDD 952 1,470 795 157 320 1,115 -163 355 1,470 -518215 372027 0905430 ML-021248 T31N R01E 26AS2Cr 915 1,175 785 130 305 1,090 -175 -- -- --216 372021 0905557 ML-021230 T31N R01E 27CDCr 800 984 530 270 440 970 -170 -- -- --217 372045 0905748 ML-014158 T31N R01E 29DBA 850 405 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --218 371921 0905325 ML-018312 T31N R01E 36ADC 730 994 705 25 220 925 -195 -- -- --219 372115 0911300 CL-HA-15 T31N R03W 25AAC 1,235 -- 1,311 -76 -- -- -- -- -- --220 372918 0905033 ML-011886 T32N R02E 04BBB 704 158 10 694 -- -- -- -- 150 554221 372709 0904758 ML-024737 T32N R02E 14BDD 742 220 50 692 -- -- -- -- 105 637222 372658 0904932 ML-023928 T32N R02E 15CBC 680 205 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --223 372645 0904915 ML-025419 T32N R02E 15CDC 683 125 45 638 -- -- -- -- -- --224 372713 0905002 ML-018803 T32N R02E 16ACC 697 100 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --225 372716 0905104 ML-011451 T32N R02E 17ACS2 723 130 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --226 372712 0905057 ML-023643 T32N R02E 17ACD 717 605 315 402 -- -- -- -- 575 142227 372648 0905148 ML-020423 T32N R02E 18DDD 685 749 310 375 315 625 60 -- -- --228 372641 0904901 ML-018753 T32N R02E 22ABB 660 560 255 405 230 485 175 70 555 105229 372612 0904906 ML-013326 T32N R02E 22CAA 650 210 20 630 -- -- -- -- -- --230 372455 0904619 ML-021598 T32N R02E 25DDD 775 815 425 350 305 730 45 -- -- --

Table 2. Adjacent property core log analysis data—Continued[DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data]
46 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri Site number ( fig. 4) Latitude (DDMMSS) Longitude (DDDMMSS) Borehole identification Local well number Altitude of land surface Borehole depth Derby-Doerun Dolomite Davis Formation Thickness of St. Francois confining unit Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Total Net shale 231 372527 0904947 ML-020457 T32N R02E 28ADB 664 225 70 594 90 160 504 -- -- -- 232 372541 0905118 ML-013324 T32N R02E 29BAD 800 245 185 615 -- -- -- -- -- -- 233 372511 0905105 ML-013330 T32N R02E 29DCA 710 895 205 505 140 345 365 110 250 -- 234 372821 0905647 ML-003421 T32N R01E 09CDD 1,162 1,084 500 662 140 640 522 115 255 -- 235 372813 0905533 ML-018434 T32N R01E 10DCB 855 140 25 830 -- -- -- -- -- -- 236 372809 0905508 ML-018432 T32N R01E 10DDA 790 450 35 755 120 155 635 75 195 -- 237 372836 0905447 ML-017494 T32N R01E 11BDB 792 165 70 722 -- -- -- -- -- -- 238 372657 0905358 ML-021599 T32N R01E 13CCCr 697 700 70 627 115 185 512 175 290 -- 239 372713 0905721 ML-005983 T32N R01E 20ADD 831 804 250 581 70 320 511 110 180 -- 240 372616 0905809 ML-018666 T32N R01E 29CBA 790 834 250 540 125 375 415 155 280 -- 241 372606 0905731 ML-025634 T32N R01E 29DAB 747 800 250 497 130 380 367 120 250 -- 242 372730 0911241 ML-021677 T32N R03W 24AAA 1,384 850 835 549 -- -- -- -- -- -- 243 373446 0904828 ML-025356 T33N R02E 03S2AA 950 140 -- -- -- 20 930 30 -- -- 244 373127 0905208 ML-023200 T33N R02E 19DBB 871 75 -- -- -- 15 856 -- -- -- 245 373106 0904838 ML-013719 T33N R02E 22DDC 817 175 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 246 373017 0904906 ML-011808 T33N R02E 27CDD 755 115 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 247 373352 0905733 ML-002199 T33N R01E 08DS2Cr 890 677 85 805 195 280 610 130 325 -- 248 373346 0905548 ML-002196 T33N R01E 10CBCr 830 363 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 249 373253 0905452 ML-002195 T33N R01E 14BCCr 830 379 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 250 373252 0905435 ML-019670 T33N R01E 14N2S2Cr 840 447 -- -- -- 5 835 110 -- -- 251 373250 0905512 ML-002194 T33N R01E 15DCr 795 341 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 252 373309 0905614 ML-002197 T33N R01E 16ADC 875 398 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 253 373329 0905645 ML-002198 T33N R01E 16BACr 900 320 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 254 373228 0905530 ML-002193 T33N R01E 22ABCr 790 498 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 255 373111 0905440 ML-002190 T33N R01E 26BCr 810 694 30 780 120 150 660 100 220 -- 256 373013 0905542 ML-019807 T33N R01E 34CE2Cr 735 654 -- -- -- 220 515 145 -- -- 257 373138 0911410 ML-019190 T33N R03W 26ACB 1,050 1,430 550 500 90 640 410 170 260 -- 258 374109 0904914 ML-009442 T34N R02E 03BCB 1,087 80 -- -- -- 9 1,078 36 -- -- 259 374059 0904912 ML-009550 T34N R02E 03CAA 1,077 175 -- -- -- 10 1,067 30 -- -- 260 374056 0904836 ML-009444 T34N R02E 03DBCr 1,148 100 -- -- -- 15 1,133 -- -- -- Table 2. Adjacent property core log analysis data—Continued [DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data]
Tables 47

Site 

number 

(fig. 4)

Latitude 

(DDMMSS)

Longitude 

(DDDMMSS)

Borehole 

identification Local well number

Altitude 

of land 

surface

Borehole 

depth

Bonneterre Formation Lamotte Sandstone Precambrian

Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude

231 372527 0904947 ML-020457 T32N R02E 28ADB 664 225 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --232 372541 0905118 ML-013324 T32N R02E 29BAD 800 245 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --233 372511 0905105 ML-013330 T32N R02E 29DCA 710 895 455 255 395 850 -140 -- -- --234 372821 0905647 ML-003421 T32N R01E 09CDD 1,162 1,084 755 407 275 1,030 132 -- -- --235 372813 0905533 ML-018434 T32N R01E 10DCB 855 140 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --236 372809 0905508 ML-018432 T32N R01E 10DDA 790 450 230 560 -- -- -- -- 435 355237 372836 0905447 ML-017494 T32N R01E 11BDB 792 165 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --238 372657 0905358 ML-021599 T32N R01E 13CCCr 697 700 360 337 290 650 47 -- -- --239 372713 0905721 ML-005983 T32N R01E 20ADD 831 804 430 401 345 775 56 -- -- --240 372616 0905809 ML-018666 T32N R01E 29CBA 790 834 530 260 265 795 -5 -- -- --241 372606 0905731 ML-025634 T32N R01E 29DAB 747 800 500 247 290 790 -43 -- -- --242 372730 0911241 ML-021677 T32N R03W 24AAA 1,384 850 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --243 373446 0904828 ML-025356 T33N R02E 03S2AA 950 140 50 900 -- -- -- -- -- --244 373127 0905208 ML-023200 T33N R02E 19DBB 871 75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --245 373106 0904838 ML-013719 T33N R02E 22DDC 817 175 170 647 -- -- -- -- -- --246 373017 0904906 ML-011808 T33N R02E 27CDD 755 115 10 745 -- -- -- -- 85 670247 373352 0905733 ML-002199 T33N R01E 08DS2Cr 890 677 410 480 -- -- -- -- -- --248 373346 0905548 ML-002196 T33N R01E 10CBCr 830 363 10 820 305 315 515 -- -- --249 373253 0905452 ML-002195 T33N R01E 14BCCr 830 379 30 800 340 370 460 -- -- --250 373252 0905435 ML-019670 T33N R01E 14N2S2Cr 840 447 115 725 310 425 415 -- -- --251 373250 0905512 ML-002194 T33N R01E 15DCr 795 341 15 780 305 320 475 -- -- --252 373309 0905614 ML-002197 T33N R01E 16ADC 875 398 50 825 345 395 480 -- -- --253 373329 0905645 ML-002198 T33N R01E 16BACr 900 320 10 890 -- -- -- -- -- --254 373228 0905530 ML-002193 T33N R01E 22ABCr 790 498 5 785 265 270 520 -- -- --255 373111 0905440 ML-002190 T33N R01E 26BCr 810 694 250 560 355 605 205 85 690 120256 373013 0905542 ML-019807 T33N R01E 34CE2Cr 735 654 365 370 285 650 85 -- -- --257 373138 0911410 ML-019190 T33N R03W 26ACB 1,050 1,430 810 240 317 1,127 -77 298 1,425 -375258 374109 0904914 ML-009442 T34N R02E 03BCB 1,087 80 45 1,042 -- -- -- -- -- --259 374059 0904912 ML-009550 T34N R02E 03CAA 1,077 175 40 1,037 -- -- -- -- -- --260 374056 0904836 ML-009444 T34N R02E 03DBCr 1,148 100 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Table 2. Adjacent property core log analysis data—Continued[DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data]
48 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri Site number ( fig. 4) Latitude (DDMMSS) Longitude (DDDMMSS) Borehole identification Local well number Altitude of land surface Borehole depth Derby-Doerun Dolomite Davis Formation Thickness of St. Francois confining unit Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Total Net shale 261 374049 0904841 ML-018002 T34N R02E 03DCB 1,068 514 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 262 374027 0904926 ML-024336 T34N R02E 09AACr 1,150 705 -- -- -- 5 1,145 135 -- -- 263 374001 0904814 ML-024277 T34N R02E 10DACr 1,130 580 -- -- -- 10 1,120 54 -- -- 264 373956 0904727 ML-024247 T34N R02E 11DCr 1,180 690 -- -- -- 20 1,160 93 -- -- 265 373924 0904614 ML-024278 T34N R02E 13ACA 1,370 684 -- -- -- 20 1,350 135 -- -- 266 373827 0904752 ML-023213 T34N R02E 23BCA 1,156 100 30 1,126 -- -- -- -- -- -- 267 374023 0905329 ML-007007 T34N R01E 12BAD 1,095 60 20 1,075 -- -- -- -- -- -- 268 373639 0911423 ML-023793 T34N R03W 26CAB 1,224 1,205 560 664 135 695 529 185 320 -- 269 374615 0904623 ML-023804 T35N R02E 01CACr 956 240 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 270 374643 0904721 ML-025146 T35N R02E 02ABN2 995 200 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 271 374643 0905001 ML-007419 T35N R02E 04BAB 904 40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 272 374547 0904626 ML-003674 T35N R02E 12BCr 923 150 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 273 374230 0904642 ML-007439 T35N R02E 25CCD 1,060 60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 274 374206 0904928 ML-007433 T35N R02E 33ADB 1,010 55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 275 374701 0905842 ML-012142 T35N R01E 06BBCr 1,068 615 35 1,033 120 155 913 160 280 -- 276 374529 0905648 ML-020385 T35N R01E 08DAN2 1,318 -- -- -- -- 430 888 10 -- -- 277 374537 0905539 ML-012447 T35N R01E 09ADD 1,234 600 95 1,139 85 180 1,054 140 225 -- 278 374533 0905257 ML-022142 T35N R01E 12BDA 940 125 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 279 374458 0905437 ML-007423 T35N R01E 15AAA 1,018 60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 280 374455 0905547 ML-012451 T35N R01E 16AACr 1,246 714 215 1,031 -- -- -- -- -- -- 281 374448 0905647 ML-020386 T35N R01E 16BW2Cr 1,158 -- -- -- -- 285 873 5 -- -- 282 374452 0905733 ML-012314 T35N R01E 17BDCr 1,083 601 60 1,023 115 175 908 135 250 -- 283 374404 0905637 ML-020380 T35N R01E 21BBD 1,297 590 -- -- -- 390 907 10 -- -- 284 374230 0905651 ML-020384 T35N R01E 28CCC 1,342 845 -- -- -- 550 792 25 -- -- 285 374306 0905851 ML-020207 T35N R01E 30BCS2 1,292 541 -- -- -- 375 917 5 -- -- 286 374240 0905851 ML-020363 T35N R01E 30CCS2 1,183 862 -- -- -- 400 783 10 -- -- 287 374136 0905307 ML-003144 T35N R01E 36DCB 1,180 800 200 980 -- 90 1,090 165 55 -- 288 374502 0911314 ML-003367 T35N R03W 14ADD 1,150 1,027 405 745 120 525 625 160 280 -- 289 374216 0911820 ML-018177 T35N R03W 31CBD 1,325 1,344 500 825 220 720 605 255 475 -- 290 374258 0911911 ML-019225 T35N R04W 25CDD 1,340 1,316 655 685 120 775 565 180 300 -- Table 2. Adjacent property core log analysis data—Continued [DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data]
Tables 49

Site 

number 

(fig. 4)

Latitude 

(DDMMSS)

Longitude 

(DDDMMSS)

Borehole 

identification Local well number

Altitude 

of land 

surface

Borehole 

depth

Bonneterre Formation Lamotte Sandstone Precambrian

Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude

261 374049 0904841 ML-018002 T34N R02E 03DCB 1,068 514 5 1,063 330 335 733 -- -- --262 374027 0904926 ML-024336 T34N R02E 09AACr 1,150 705 140 1,010 -- -- -- -- 644 506263 374001 0904814 ML-024277 T34N R02E 10DACr 1,130 580 64 1,066 471 535 595 37 572 558264 373956 0904727 ML-024247 T34N R02E 11DCr 1,180 690 113 1,067 -- -- -- -- 647 533265 373924 0904614 ML-024278 T34N R02E 13ACA 1,370 684 155 1,215 468 623 747 -- -- --266 373827 0904752 ML-023213 T34N R02E 23BCA 1,156 100 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --267 374023 0905329 ML-007007 T34N R01E 12BAD 1,095 60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --268 373639 0911423 ML-023793 T34N R03W 26CAB 1,224 1,205 880 344 305 1,185 39 -- -- --269 374615 0904623 ML-023804 T35N R02E 01CACr 956 240 -- -- -- 20 936 75 95 861270 374643 0904721 ML-025146 T35N R02E 02ABN2 995 200 5 990 -- -- -- -- -- --271 374643 0905001 ML-007419 T35N R02E 04BAB 904 40 4 900 -- -- -- -- -- --272 374547 0904626 ML-003674 T35N R02E 12BCr 923 150 -- -- -- 30 893 -- -- --273 374230 0904642 ML-007439 T35N R02E 25CCD 1,060 60 0 1,060 -- -- -- -- -- --274 374206 0904928 ML-007433 T35N R02E 33ADB 1,010 55 5 1,005 -- -- -- -- -- --275 374701 0905842 ML-012142 T35N R01E 06BBCr 1,068 615 315 753 275 590 478 -- -- --276 374529 0905648 ML-020385 T35N R01E 08DAN2 1,318 -- 440 878 250 690 628 66 756 562277 374537 0905539 ML-012447 T35N R01E 09ADD 1,234 600 320 914 250 570 664 -- -- --278 374533 0905257 ML-022142 T35N R01E 12BDA 940 125 15 925 -- -- -- -- -- --279 374458 0905437 ML-007423 T35N R01E 15AAA 1,018 60 5 1,013 -- -- -- -- -- --280 374455 0905547 ML-012451 T35N R01E 16AACr 1,246 714 -- -- -- -- -- -- 712 534281 374448 0905647 ML-020386 T35N R01E 16BW2Cr 1,158 -- 290 868 260 550 608 -- -- --282 374452 0905733 ML-012314 T35N R01E 17BDCr 1,083 601 310 773 270 580 503 -- -- --283 374404 0905637 ML-020380 T35N R01E 21BBD 1,297 590 400 897 -- -- -- -- 580 717284 374230 0905651 ML-020384 T35N R01E 28CCC 1,342 845 575 767 265 840 502 -- -- --285 374306 0905851 ML-020207 T35N R01E 30BCS2 1,292 541 380 912 -- -- -- -- 525 767286 374240 0905851 ML-020363 T35N R01E 30CCS2 1,183 862 410 773 260 670 513 186 856 327287 374136 0905307 ML-003144 T35N R01E 36DCB 1,180 800 255 925 380 635 545 130 765 415288 374502 0911314 ML-003367 T35N R03W 14ADD 1,150 1,027 685 465 270 955 195 -- -- --289 374216 0911820 ML-018177 T35N R03W 31CBD 1,325 1,344 975 350 265 1,240 85 -- -- --290 374258 0911911 ML-019225 T35N R04W 25CDD 1,340 1,316 955 385 285 1,240 100 55 1,295 45

Table 2. Adjacent property core log analysis data—Continued[DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data]
50 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri Site number ( fig. 4) Latitude (DDMMSS) Longitude (DDDMMSS) Borehole identification Local well number Altitude of land surface Borehole depth Derby-Doerun Dolomite Davis Formation Thickness of St. Francois confining unit Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Total Net shale 291 375109 0904907 ML-008892 T36N R02E 09ADCr 1,190 630 600 590 -- -- -- -- -- -- 292 375058 0904920 ML-008896 T36N R02E 09DBCr 1,108 535 515 593 -- -- -- -- -- -- 293 375125 0904827 ML-008895 T36N R02E 10BACr 1,088 550 535 553 -- -- -- -- -- -- 294 375123 0904845 ML-008894 T36N R02E 10BBCr 1,141 555 550 591 -- -- -- -- -- -- 295 375048 0904619 ML-008899 T36N R02E 12CDCr 1,028 586 475 553 95 570 458 -- -- -- 296 375046 0904554 ML-008898 T36N R02E 12DCCr 1,059 606 475 584 65 540 519 -- -- -- 297 375034 0904633 ML-008897 T36N R02E 13BBCr 1,050 599 470 580 105 575 475 -- -- -- 298 374837 0904735 ML-012193 T36N R02E 26BBD 907 215 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 299 374820 0904726 ML-007428 T36N R02E 26CAB 829 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 300 374745 0905053 ML-017882 T36N R02E 32BAC 951 150 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 301 374730 0904630 ML-008286 T36N R02E 36CAA 914 39 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 302 375140 0905710 ML-011333 T36N R01E 05CDCr 1,133 1,335 830 303 80 910 223 180 260 -- 303 375159 0905745 ML-009380 T36N R01E 06DAB 1,109 1,446 -- -- -- 1,013 96 117 -- -- 304 375139 0905806 ML-009526 T36N R01E 06DCC 1,089 445 420 669 -- -- -- -- -- -- 305 375144 0905748 ML-009378 T36N R01E 06DDB 1,138 1,111 470 668 110 580 558 175 285 -- 306 375130 0905746 ML-009374 T36N R01E 07AACr 1,174 1,099 495 679 90 585 589 175 265 -- 307 375111 0905740 ML-009376 T36N R01E 07ADD 1,068 1,023 410 658 110 520 548 180 290 -- 308 375130 0905825 ML-009522 T36N R01E 07BN2Cr 1,057 445 335 722 95 430 627 -- -- -- 309 375106 0905825 ML-009497 T36N R01E 07CAC 1,002 450 340 662 -- -- -- -- -- -- 310 375053 0905841 ML-023492 T36N R01E 07CCB 1,042 475 400 642 -- -- -- -- -- -- 311 375114 0905653 ML-009513 T36N R01E 08ACE2 1,176 420 360 816 -- -- -- -- -- -- 312 375109 0905706 ML-009493 T36N R01E 08BDD 1,185 976 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 313 375051 0905728 ML-009492 T36N R01E 08CCN2 1,087 864 310 777 -- -- -- -- -- -- 314 375035 0905643 ML-009496 T36N R01E 17AACr 1,078 425 275 803 110 385 693 -- -- -- 315 375019 0905713 ML-009498 T36N R01E 17BDD 1,127 450 330 797 100 430 697 -- -- -- 316 374914 0905748 ML-013626 T36N R01E 19DACr 939 830 275 664 105 380 559 165 270 -- 317 374944 0905642 ML-013628 T36N R01E 20AACr 1,096 990 375 721 135 510 586 165 300 -- 318 374914 0905527 ML-015656 T36N R01E 22W2W2Cr 1,118 475 440 678 -- -- -- -- -- -- 319 374848 0905651 ML-013204 T36N R01E 29AACr 1,158 500 475 683 -- -- -- -- -- -- 320 374734 0905822 ML-012455 T36N R01E 31CACr 1,194 375 300 894 -- -- -- -- -- -- Table 2. Adjacent property core log analysis data—Continued [DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data]
Tables 51

Site 

number 

(fig. 4)

Latitude 

(DDMMSS)

Longitude 

(DDDMMSS)

Borehole 

identification Local well number

Altitude 

of land 

surface

Borehole 

depth

Bonneterre Formation Lamotte Sandstone Precambrian

Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude

291 375109 0904907 ML-008892 T36N R02E 09ADCr 1,190 630 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --292 375058 0904920 ML-008896 T36N R02E 09DBCr 1,108 535 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --293 375125 0904827 ML-008895 T36N R02E 10BACr 1,088 550 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --294 375123 0904845 ML-008894 T36N R02E 10BBCr 1,141 555 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --295 375048 0904619 ML-008899 T36N R02E 12CDCr 1,028 586 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --296 375046 0904554 ML-008898 T36N R02E 12DCCr 1,059 606 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --297 375034 0904633 ML-008897 T36N R02E 13BBCr 1,050 599 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --298 374837 0904735 ML-012193 T36N R02E 26BBD 907 215 195 712 -- -- -- -- -- --299 374820 0904726 ML-007428 T36N R02E 26CAB 829 50 15 814 -- -- -- -- -- --300 374745 0905053 ML-017882 T36N R02E 32BAC 951 150 15 936 -- -- -- -- -- --301 374730 0904630 ML-008286 T36N R02E 36CAA 914 39 -- -- -- 0 914 25 25 889302 375140 0905710 ML-011333 T36N R01E 05CDCr 1,133 1,335 1,090 43 -- -- -- -- -- --303 375159 0905745 ML-009380 T36N R01E 06DAB 1,109 1,446 1,130 -21 -- -- -- -- -- --304 375139 0905806 ML-009526 T36N R01E 06DCC 1,089 445 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --305 375144 0905748 ML-009378 T36N R01E 06DDB 1,138 1,111 755 383 307 1,062 76 -- -- --306 375130 0905746 ML-009374 T36N R01E 07AACr 1,174 1,099 760 414 285 1,045 129 35 1,080 94307 375111 0905740 ML-009376 T36N R01E 07ADD 1,068 1,023 700 368 296 996 72 -- -- --308 375130 0905825 ML-009522 T36N R01E 07BN2Cr 1,057 445 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --309 375106 0905825 ML-009497 T36N R01E 07CAC 1,002 450 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --310 375053 0905841 ML-023492 T36N R01E 07CCB 1,042 475 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --311 375114 0905653 ML-009513 T36N R01E 08ACE2 1,176 420 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --312 375109 0905706 ML-009493 T36N R01E 08BDD 1,185 976 -- -- -- -- -- -- 951 234313 375051 0905728 ML-009492 T36N R01E 08CCN2 1,087 864 -- -- -- -- -- -- 847 240314 375035 0905643 ML-009496 T36N R01E 17AACr 1,078 425 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --315 375019 0905713 ML-009498 T36N R01E 17BDD 1,127 450 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --316 374914 0905748 ML-013626 T36N R01E 19DACr 939 830 545 394 -- -- -- -- -- --317 374944 0905642 ML-013628 T36N R01E 20AACr 1,096 990 675 421 270 945 151 -- -- --318 374914 0905527 ML-015656 T36N R01E 22W2W2C 1,118 475 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --319 374848 0905651 ML-013204 T36N R01E 29AACr 1,158 500 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --320 374734 0905822 ML-012455 T36N R01E 31CACr 1,194 375 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Table 2. Adjacent property core log analysis data—Continued[DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data]
52 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri Site number ( fig. 4) Latitude (DDMMSS) Longitude (DDDMMSS) Borehole identification Local well number Altitude of land surface Borehole depth Derby-Doerun Dolomite Davis Formation Thickness of St. Francois confining unit Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Total Net shale 321 374747 0905660 ML-012303 T36N R01E 32AACr 1,010 803 255 755 90 345 665 165 255 -- 322 375147 0905847 ML-009375 T36N R01W 01DDE2 1,092 858 375 717 100 475 617 175 275 -- 323 375132 0905906 ML-009487 T36N R01W 12ABA 1,110 600 450 660 120 570 540 -- -- -- 324 375114 0905920 ML-009514 T36N R01W 12BDD 999 365 335 664 -- -- -- -- -- -- 325 375109 0905943 ML-009489 T36N R01W 12CBN2 1,055 425 405 650 -- -- -- -- -- -- 326 375040 0905920 ML-009529 T36N R01W 13BAB 1,050 415 375 675 -- -- -- -- -- -- 327 375035 0910129 ML-009532 T36N R01W 15BAA 854 460 385 469 -- -- -- -- -- -- 328 374948 0910327 ML-009533 T36N R01W 17DCA 827 350 250 577 -- -- -- -- -- -- 329 374855 0910144 ML-009531 T36N R01W 22CDC 923 818 220 703 100 320 603 190 290 -- 330 374938 0910006 ML-009535 T36N R01W 23AAB 914 330 315 599 -- -- -- -- -- -- 331 374934 0905939 ML-009538 T36N R01W 24BCA 901 270 200 701 -- -- -- -- -- -- 332 374714 0910133 ML-012307 T36N R01W 34DCCr 970 763 130 840 120 250 720 170 290 -- 333 374724 0910036 ML-012322 T36N R01W 35CACr 1,030 837 235 795 105 340 690 165 270 -- 334 374722 0905854 ML-013116 T36N R01W 36DACr 1,172 835 -- -- -- 520 652 115 -- -- 335 374733 0905920 ML-013163 T36N R01W 36DBCr 1,215 450 420 795 -- -- -- -- -- -- 336 374840 0910831 ML-019640 T36N R02W 27BBCr 930 799 145 785 135 280 650 181 316 -- 337 374841 0911044 ML-018318 T36N R02W 29BDA 818 191 70 748 110 180 638 -- -- -- 338 374956 0911601 ML-002168 T36N R03W 16CCr 905 915 300 605 100 400 505 165 265 -- 339 374919 0911559 ML-002170 T36N R03W 21CAB 999 950 370 629 70 440 559 210 280 -- 340 374939 0911956 ML-019720 T36N R04W 23AW2Cr 1,140 1,185 565 575 115 680 460 155 270 -- Minimum 20 63 65 5 -22 5 55 57 25th Quartile 201 542 100 203 371 110 265 77 50th Quartile 365 656 115 400 559 165 280 79 75th Quartile 475 747 130 595 709 175 305 83 Maximum 965 1,139 220 1,132 1,350 255 475 87 Count 90 90 57 83 83 69 49 5 Table 2. Adjacent property core log analysis data—Continued [DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data]
Tables 53

Site 

number 

(fig. 4)

Latitude 

(DDMMSS)

Longitude 

(DDDMMSS)

Borehole 

identification Local well number

Altitude 

of land 

surface

Borehole 

depth

Bonneterre Formation Lamotte Sandstone Precambrian

Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude Thickness Depth Altitude

321 374747 0905660 ML-012303 T36N R01E 32AACr 1,010 803 510 500 290 800 210 -- -- --322 375147 0905847 ML-009375 T36N R01W 01DDE2 1,092 858 650 442 -- -- -- -- -- --323 375132 0905906 ML-009487 T36N R01W 12ABA 1,110 600 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --324 375114 0905920 ML-009514 T36N R01W 12BDD 999 365 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --325 375109 0905943 ML-009489 T36N R01W 12CBN2 1,055 425 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --326 375040 0905920 ML-009529 T36N R01W 13BAB 1,050 415 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --327 375035 0910129 ML-009532 T36N R01W 15BAA 854 460 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --328 374948 0910327 ML-009533 T36N R01W 17DCA 827 350 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --329 374855 0910144 ML-009531 T36N R01W 22CDC 923 818 510 413 290 800 123 -- -- --330 374938 0910006 ML-009535 T36N R01W 23AAB 914 330 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --331 374934 0905939 ML-009538 T36N R01W 24BCA 901 270 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --332 374714 0910133 ML-012307 T36N R01W 34DCCr 970 763 420 550 320 740 230 -- -- --333 374724 0910036 ML-012322 T36N R01W 35CACr 1,030 837 505 525 310 815 215 -- -- --334 374722 0905854 ML-013116 T36N R01W 36DACr 1,172 835 635 537 155 790 382 -- -- --335 374733 0905920 ML-013163 T36N R01W 36DBCr 1,215 450 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --336 374840 0910831 ML-019640 T36N R02W 27BBCr 930 799 461 469 301 762 168 -- -- --337 374841 0911044 ML-018318 T36N R02W 29BDA 818 191 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --338 374956 0911601 ML-002168 T36N R03W 16CCr 905 915 565 340 280 845 60 -- -- --339 374919 0911559 ML-002170 T36N R03W 21CAB 999 950 650 349 -- -- -- -- -- --340 374939 0911956 ML-019720 T36N R04W 23AW2Cr 1,140 1,185 835 305 300 1,135 5 -- -- --

Minimum 0 -220 155 0 -562 25 25 -56925th Quartile 64 305 274 585 0 55 533 10950thQuartile 420 480 303 790 132 75 646 38575th Quartile 705 820 321 1,054 491 186 854 561Maximum 1,311 1,215 471 1,540 936 355 1,470 889Count 93 93 56 59 59 13 26 26

Table 2. Adjacent property core log analysis data—Continued[DDMMSS, degrees, minutes, seconds; all units for depth and thickness are in feet; units for altitude are in feet above NGVD 29; depth and altitude refer to the formation top; --, no data]
54 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri

Table 3. Porosity, vertical permeability, and vertical hydraulic conductivity data

[Data for West and East Exploration areas from Kleeschulte and Seeger (2000, 2001); ft, feet; psi, pounds per square inch; g/cc, grams per cubic centimeter; mD, 

millidarcies; ft/s, foot per second; POT, Potosi Dolomite; DDR, Derby-Doerun Dolomite; DVS, Davis Formation; BNT, Bonneterre Formation; LMT, Lamotte 

Sandstone; C, carbonate rock; S, shale; B; both carbonate and shale; Q, sandstone; --, no data; NA, not applicable]

Sample 

number

Borehole 

identification Formation

Sample 

depth, 

in ft

Confining 

pressure, 

in psi 

(gauged)

Porosity, 

in percent

Density, 

in g/cc

Vertical 

permeability, 

in mD

Vertical hydraulic 

conductivity, 

in ft/s

Rock 

type

West Exploration Area (fig. 1)a

101 801-002 DDR 1,479 1,120 3.54 2.84 4.000E-06 1.27E-13 C

102 801-002 DVS 1,508 1,140 1.73 2.76 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

103 801-002 DVS 1,521 1,150 .73 2.71 1.000E-05 3.17E-13 C

104 801-002 DVS 1,544 1,170 4.02 2.68 2.200E-05 6.97E-13 B

105 801-002 DVS 1,578 1,200 .88 2.75 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

106 801-009 DDR 1,409 1,070 4.57 2.85 1.181E-02 3.74E-10 C

107 801-009 DVS 1,435 1,090 2.31 2.84 2.500E-05 7.83E-13 C

108 801-009 DVS 1,457 1,100 2.59 2.64 2.100E-05 6.56E-13 S

109 801-009 DVS 1,485 1,125 2.61 2.70 4.300E-05 1.37E-12 C

110 801-009 DVS 1,512 1,150 4.49 2.66 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 S

111 801-009 DVS 1,535 1,160 2.15 2.70 1.900E-05 5.86E-13 B

112 801-010 DDR 1,492 1,130 2.69 2.84 1.500E-05 4.82E-13 C

113 801-010 DVS 1,512 1,150 5.14 2.85 2.307E-03 7.31E-11 C

114 801-010 DVS 1,536 1,160 7.38 2.70 8.000E-05 2.52E-12 C

115 801-010 DVS 1,564 1,190 2.65 2.70 1.600E-05 5.10E-13 B

116 801-010 DVS 1,585 1,200 4.52 2.67 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 S

117 801-010 DVS 1,608 1,220 .82 2.72 1.600E-05 5.17E-13 B

118 801-016 DDR 1,528 1,160 1.23 2.84 1.600E-05 4.91E-13 C

119 801-016 DDR 1,560 1,180 .71 2.80 5.000E-06 1.65E-13 S

120 801-016 DVS 1,602 1,210 3.13 2.72 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 B

121 801-016 DVS 1,630 1,240 2.39 2.66 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 S

122 801-016 DVS 1,649 1,250 2.51 2.69 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 B

123 801-016 DVS 1,689 1,280 2.98 2.69 5.000E-06 1.65E-13 B

124 801-031 DDR 1,478 1,120 1.40 2.84 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

125 801-031 DDR 1,523 1,150 2.19 2.87 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

126 801-031 DVS 1,554 1,180 .66 2.85 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

127 801-031 DVS 1,579 1,200 2.12 2.68 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 S

128 801-031 DVS 1,606 1,220 2.04 2.66 1.400E-05 4.44E-13 S

129 801-031 DVS 1,640 1,240 .96 2.69 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

130 82W03 DDR 1,564 1,190 .61 2.83 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

131 82W03 DDR 1,581 1,200 .80 2.82 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

132 82W03 DVS 1,624 1,230 2.37 2.82 3.500E-05 1.11E-12 C

133 82W03 DVS 1,692 1,280 3.49 2.68 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 S

134 82W03 DVS 1,841 1,400 4.93 2.75 9.800E-05 3.11E-12 S

135 82W27 DDR 1,445 1,100 1.08 2.83 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

136 82W27 DDR 1,479 1,120 1.16 2.81 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

137 82W27 DVS 1,522 1,150 5.00 2.68 1.900E-05 6.15E-13 S

138 82W27 DVS 1,597 1,210 3.23 2.72 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 B

139 82W27 DVS 1,679 1,280 6.70 2.78 3.600E-05 1.14E-12 S

140 83W17 DDR 1,493 1,120 2.95 2.84 2.066E-01 6.55E-09 C
Tables 55

West Exploration Area (fig. 1)a—Continued

141 83W17 DDR 1,542 1,170 4.06 2.85 1.000E-06 6.14E-12 C

142 83W17 DVS 1,615 1,220 5.64 2.73 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 S

143 83W17 DVS 1,692 1,280 1.40 2.70 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

144 83W17 DVS 1,762 1,340 3.12 2.73 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 B

b145 83W30 DDR 1,445 1,095 17.47 2.83 2.743E+00 8.70E-08 B

b145 83W30 DDR 1,445 1,095 17.60 2.83 3.988E+00 1.18E-08 B

b145 83W30 DDR 1,445 1,095 17.84 2.83 2.974E+00 9.43E-08 B

146 83W30 DDR 1,494 1,130 1.99 2.83 1.200E-05 3.90E-13 C

147 83W30 DVS 1,591 1,210 4.47 2.72 2.600E-05 8.24E-13 B

148 83W30 DVS 1,727 1,310 .46 2.70 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

149 83W30 DVS 1,796 1,360 5.74 2.78 2.100E-05 6.66E-13 S

b150 83W34 DDR 1,511 1,145 11.76 2.84 5.846E-01 1.85E-08 B

b150 83W34 DDR 1,511 1,145 11.60 2.85 4.724E-01 1.40E-09 B

b150 83W34 DDR 1,511 1,145 10.53 2.84 9.573E-02 3.03E-09 B

151 83W34 DVS 1,573 1,190 1.93 2.75 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

152 83W34 DVS 1,685 1,280 5.32 2.69 5.400E-05 1.71E-12 S

153 83W34 DVS 1,725 1,310 5.61 2.72 5.100E-05 1.62E-12 S

154 83W34 DVS 1,785 1,350 3.28 2.80 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

155 83W34 DVS 1,791 1,360 5.99 2.75 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 B

156 83W35 DDR 1,333 1,010 2.37 2.80 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

157 83W35 DDR 1,350 1,020 4.49 2.84 7.290E-04 2.31E-11 C

158 83W35 DVS 1,475 1,120 4.27 2.72 7.000E-06 2.22E-13 B

159 83W35 DVS 1,495 1,130 5.18 2.72 5.000E-06 1.59E-13 S

160 83W35 DVS 1,516 1,150 2.46 2.71 8.150E-03 2.58E-10 B

161 83W35 DVS 1,597 1,210 3.88 2.75 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 B

East Exploration Area (fig. 1)a

201 12-01A DDR 941 715 6.40 2.84 7.43E-03 2.20E-11 C

202 12-01A DVS 1,054 801 3.20 2.71 2.58E-06 7.65E-15 C

203 122-A DDR 1,523 1,157 2.50 2.84 4.59E-04 1.36E-12 C

204 122-A DVS 1,666 1,266 .50 2.72 3.43E-05 1.01E-13 C

205 76W10 DVS 1,287 975 2.77 2.79 3.53E-05 1.05E-13 B

206 76W10 DVS 1,333 1,010 5.13 2.76 5.52E-05 1.64E-13 S

207 76W15 DDR 1,728 1,310 1.56 2.85 1.23E-05 3.66E-14 C

208 76W15 DDR 1,762 1,340 1.35 2.83 9.27E-05 2.75E-13 C

209 76W15 DVS 1,832 1,390 1.82 2.83 3.59E-06 1.06E-14 C

210 76W15 DVS 1,855 1,390 1.30 2.84 1.25E-04 3.72E-13 C

211 76W17 DDR 1,301 990 1.71 2.84 5.47E-05 1.62E-13 C

212 76W17 DVS 1,377 1,040 1.96 2.74 1.20E-04 3.57E-13 B

213 76W19 DVS 1,104 840 3.60 2.83 7.78E-05 2.31E-13 C

214 76W19 DVS 1,198 910 6.23 2.74 2.62E-04 7.78E-13 S

215 76W19 DVS 1,237 940 3.84 2.79 1.27E-05 3.76E-14 B

Table 3. Porosity, vertical permeability, and vertical hydraulic conductivity data—Continued

[Data for West and East Exploration areas from Kleeschulte and Seeger (2000, 2001); ft, feet; psi, pounds per square inch; g/cc, grams per cubic centimeter; mD, 

millidarcies; ft/s, foot per second; POT, Potosi Dolomite; DDR, Derby-Doerun Dolomite; DVS, Davis Formation; BNT, Bonneterre Formation; LMT, Lamotte 

Sandstone; C, carbonate rock; S, shale; B; both carbonate and shale; Q, sandstone; --, no data; NA, not applicable]

Sample 

number

Borehole 

identification Formation

Sample 

depth, 

in ft

Confining 

pressure, 

in psi 

(gauged)

Porosity, 

in percent

Density, 

in g/cc

Vertical 

permeability, 

in mD

Vertical hydraulic 

conductivity, 

in ft/s

Rock 

type
56 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the St. Francois Confining Unit in the Viburnum Trend and Exploration Areas, Missouri

East Exploration Area (fig. 1)a—Continued

216 801-018 DDR 1,362 1,035 2.40 2.81 1.86E-04 5.51E-13 C

217 801-018 DVS 1,427 1,084 2.20 2.84 4.28E-04 1.27E-12 C

218 801-026 DDR 1,442 1,095 1.20 2.84 3.23E-04 9.59E-13 C

219 801-026 DVS 1,549 1,177 .90 2.75 1.04E-03 3.09E-12 C

220 BCN-01 DDR 1,525 1,159 2.60 2.83 7.19E-04 2.13E-12 C

221 CF-01 DVS 1,701 1,290 3.37 2.83 2.29E-04 6.79E-13 C

222 SF-01 DDR 1,620 1,231 3.10 2.83 2.49E-03 7.37E-12 C

223 SF-01 DVS 1,725 1,311 2.90 2.82 2.97E-03 8.80E-12 B

224 SF-20 DDR 1,283 975 1.70 2.83 2.26E-04 6.71E-13 B

225 SF-20 DVS 1,430 1,086 .50 2.84 2.03E-04 6.03E-13 C

226 SF-21 DVS 1,375 1,040 2.19 2.81 1.35E-04 4.02E-13 B

227 STH-02 DDR 1,839 1,397 1.50 2.82 7.00E-02 2.08E-10 C

228 STH-02 DVS 1,978 1,503 4.20 2.82 9.65E-04 2.86E-12 C

229 VB-06 DDR 1,592 1,209 3.00 2.83 4.23E-04 1.25E-12 C

230 VB-06 DVS 1,682 1,278 2.80 2.82 1.43E-03 4.24E-12 C

231 VB-16 DVS 1,441 1,095 5.00 2.84 5.09E-04 1.51E-12 C

232 VB-24 DDR 1,255 953 1.90 2.83 7.52E-04 2.23E-12 C

233 VB-24 DVS 1,360 1,033 4.80 2.83 1.67E-04 4.96E-13 C

Viburnum Trend Area

301 417 DDR 296 224 4.22 2.82 3.456E-04 1.10E-11 C

302 417 DVS 478 362 .75 2.69 1.446E-04 4.58E-12 B

303 1079 DDR 494 374 3.68 2.81 1.281E-04 4.06E-12 C

304 1079 DVS 620 470 5.18 2.72 1.581E-04 5.01E-12 B

305 02B06 DDR 485 368 2.81 2.82 3.995E-06 1.27E-13 C

306 02B06 DVS 595 451 1.56 2.77 3.971E-06 1.26E-13 S

307 02B06 DVS 636 482 .80 2.71 6.456E-06 2.05E-13 B

308 02S09 DVS 881 668 .57 2.78 3.990E-06 1.26E-13 B

c

309 02S09 DVS 925 701 5.56 2.73 -- -- S

310 02S09 DVS 977 740 1.35 2.75 1.618E-06 5.13E-14 B

311 12-EE DDR 263 199 3.19 2.81 2.612E-04 8.28E-12 C

312 12-EE DVS 365 277 3.05 2.77 3.627E-04 1.15E-11 B

313 1-RY DDR 761 577 2.60 2.87 7.834E-05 2.48E-12 C

314 1-RY DVS 928 703 .58 2.73 1.439E-04 4.56E-12 B

315 1-RY BNT 1,006 763 1.69 2.83 5.146E-04 1.63E-11 B

316 3-MR DDR 594 450 2.67 2.83 5.733E-04 1.82E-11 C

317 3-MR DVS 681 516 2.32 2.79 4.293E-04 1.36E-11 C

318 3-MR BNT 812 615 .79 2.82 1.712E-03 5.43E-11 C

319 5-EX DDR 834 632 .25 2.80 2.498E-04 7.92E-12 B

320 5-EX DVS 874 662 1.01 2.73 1.733E-04 5.49E-12 B

Table 3. Porosity, vertical permeability, and vertical hydraulic conductivity data—Continued

[Data for West and East Exploration areas from Kleeschulte and Seeger (2000, 2001); ft, feet; psi, pounds per square inch; g/cc, grams per cubic centimeter; mD, 

millidarcies; ft/s, foot per second; POT, Potosi Dolomite; DDR, Derby-Doerun Dolomite; DVS, Davis Formation; BNT, Bonneterre Formation; LMT, Lamotte 

Sandstone; C, carbonate rock; S, shale; B; both carbonate and shale; Q, sandstone; --, no data; NA, not applicable]

Sample 

number

Borehole 

identification Formation

Sample 

depth, 

in ft

Confining 

pressure, 

in psi 

(gauged)

Porosity, 

in percent

Density, 

in g/cc

Vertical 

permeability, 

in mD

Vertical hydraulic 

conductivity, 

in ft/s

Rock 

type
Tables 57

a

See Kleeschulte and Seeger (2000, 2001) for location information.

b

Duplicate sample, data previously reported in Kleeschulte and Seeger (2000, 2001).

c

Sample deteriorated during the vertical permeability measurement; no value available.

d

Duplicate sample from AC-84 was included in determination of these median values for vertical hydraulic conductivity.

Viburnum Trend Area—Continued

321 5-MR DDR 453 343 6.35 2.83 6.361E-02 2.02E-09 C

322 5-MR DVS 589 446 2.84 2.76 2.188E-04 6.93E-12 B

323 A-201 DDR 362 374 4.03 2.81 1.773E-02 5.62E-10 C

324 A-201 DVS 470 356 10.98 2.71 2.732E-01 8.66E-09 C

325 CN-280 DDR 759 545 5.54 2.79 1.370E-05 4.34E-13 C

326 CN-280 DVS 927 703 .44 2.70 6.236E-06 1.98E-13 B

327 CO-1 DDR 836 634 6.22 2.82 3.739E-02 1.19E-09 C

328 CO-1 DVS 951 721 1.52 2.65 3.224E-04 1.02E-11 B

329 CO-1 BNT 1,062 805 4.82 2.84 2.498E-05 7.92E-13 B

330 HA-11 DDR 978 741 3.27 2.81 6.749E-04 2.14E-11 C

331 HA-11 DVS 1,121 850 .26 2.72 1.715E-04 5.44E-12 B

332 LC 810 DDR 1,023 780 3.24 2.79 6.200E-05 1.96E-12 B

333 LC 810 DDR 1,060 810 3.99 2.81 9.000E-06 2.86E-13 B

334 LC 810 DVS 1,096 830 7.25 2.71 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 S

335 LC 810 DVS 1,159 880 2.19 2.71 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 C

336 LC 810 DVS 1,204 920 1.59 2.70 1.000E-06 3.17E-14 B

337 RC105 DDR 839 636 2.70 2.83 4.592E-05 1.46E-12 C

338 RC105 DDR 877 665 4.74 2.82 4.718E-05 1.50E-12 C

339 RC105 DVS 935 709 7.00 2.77 2.347E-06 7.44E-14 S

340 RC105 DVS 1,054 799 4.12 2.83 5.759E-06 1.83E-13 B

341 USA-14 DDR 641 486 2.26 2.81 2.863E-05 9.08E-13 C

342 USA-14 DVS 796 603 4.20 2.76 4.197E-04 1.33E-11 B

d343 Generic F DDR NA NA NA NA NA 7.73E-13 NA

344 Generic F DVS NA NA NA NA NA 3.17E-14 NA

345 Generic L NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.73E-13 C

346 Generic L NA NA NA NA NA NA 7.26E-13 S

d347 Generic L NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.57E-12 B

Table 3. Porosity, vertical permeability, and vertical hydraulic conductivity data—Continued

[Data for West and East Exploration areas from Kleeschulte and Seeger (2000, 2001); ft, feet; psi, pounds per square inch; g/cc, grams per cubic centimeter; mD, 

millidarcies; ft/s, foot per second; POT, Potosi Dolomite; DDR, Derby-Doerun Dolomite; DVS, Davis Formation; BNT, Bonneterre Formation; LMT, Lamotte 

Sandstone; C, carbonate rock; S, shale; B; both carbonate and shale; Q, sandstone; --, no data; NA, not applicable]

Sample 

number

Borehole 

identification Formation

Sample 

depth, 

in ft

Confining 

pressure, 

in psi 

(gauged)

Porosity, 

in percent

Density, 

in g/cc

Vertical 

permeability, 

in mD

Vertical hydraulic 

conductivity, 

in ft/s

Rock 

type
Kleeschulte and Seeger—STRATIGRAPHY AND VERTICAL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF THE ST. FRANCOIS CONFINING UNIT IN THE VIBURNUM TREND AND —USGS/WRIR 03–4329

EVALUATION OF THE UNIT IN THE VIBURNUM TREND AND EXPLORATION AREAS, SOUTHEASTERN MISSOURI